Methods and devices for object sensing in a wireless communication system

Abstract

A method and device to support object sensing in a wireless communication network are disclosed. The method includes obtaining a set of sensing reference signal (SeRS) configurations. The method includes selecting from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. The method includes transmitting one or more SeRS based on the at least one SeRS configuration.

Description

[0001] P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0002] 1

[0003] METHODS AND DEVICES FOR OBJECT SENSING IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

[0004] The present disclosure pertains to the field of wireless communications. The present disclosure relates to methods, and related devices, for supporting object sensing in a wireless communication system.

[0005] BACKGROUND

[0006] Object sensing in wireless communication systems enables the radio network nodes such as base stations and User Equipment (UE) not only to communicate but also to detect objects present in the surroundings of the radio network node. This is also known as Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC). Object sensing may include transmission of Sensing Reference Signals (SeRS) and reception of echoes of the SeRS by the radio network nodes. Various types of objects may be detected, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), humans, cars, Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV). The different object types have various and complex physical properties, such as size, material, velocity and altitude. A lack of coordination between radio network nodes and the core network may complicate or reduce the effectiveness of object sensing schemes.

[0007] SUMMARY

[0008] Accordingly, there is a need for devices and methods for supporting object sensing, which may mitigate, alleviate or address the shortcomings existing and may provide appropriate mechanisms for obtaining and selecting SeRS in network nodes.

[0009] A method is disclosed. The method may be performed by a first radio network node, such as base station or user equipment, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network. The method comprises obtaining a set of Sensing Reference Signal (SeRS) configurations. The method comprises selecting from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. The method comprises transmitting one or more SeRS based on, for example, the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0010] Further a method is disclosed. The method may be performed by a second radio network node, such as a base station or user equipment, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network. The method comprises receiving from a management node and / or a first network node, first signalling indicative of at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmissions from the first radio network node. The at least one SeRS configuration may be selected from a set of SeRS configurations associated with the first radio network node. TheP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0012] method comprises monitoring for one or more SeRS transmitted from the first radio network node according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0013] A further method is disclosed. The method may be performed by a management node, such as node of core network, a base station, or a user equipment, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network. For example, a base station or a user equipment may be equipped with sensing management function. The method comprises receiving from a first radio network node, first signalling indicative of a set of SeRS configurations. The method comprises selecting from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. The method comprises transmitting, to the first radio network node, second signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0014] Additionally, a device is disclosed. The device may be a radio network node comprising memory circuitry, processor circuitry, and a wireless interface. The device is configured to perform any of the methods performed in a radio network node.

[0015] A further device is disclosed. The device may be a wireless device comprising memory circuitry, processor circuitry, and a wireless interface. The device is configured to perform any of the methods performed in a radio network node.

[0016] A further device is disclosed. The device may be a management node comprising memory circuitry, processor circuitry, and a wireless interface. The device is configured to perform the method performed in a management node.

[0017] It is an advantage of the present disclosure that the set of SeRS configurations, obtained by the radio network node, provides for selection and transmission of differently designed SeRS from the network node, which may enable efficient and sensitive object sensing such as ISAC of object of various types.

[0018] It is an advantage of the present disclosure that each SeRS configuration of a set of SeRS configurations may have characteristics that are helpful for sensing different object types, and one or more SeRS configurations may be selected and activated by the radio network nodes or and / or management node to support sensing a particular object type, such as a target object type, in a given use case or scenario.

[0019] It is a further advantage that a set of SeRS configurations may be used and / or selected from instead of one single SeRS configuration in the radio network nodes, which may improveP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0021] performance when sensing different object types because a selected SeRS configuration may be tailored for a specific object sensing task.

[0022] Further, it is an advantage of the present disclosure if the selection of SeRS configuration is coordinated between radio network nodes such that sensing may more efficiently use system resources.

[0023] It is an advantage of the present disclosure that a device operating as sensing receivers may be configured for measurement reporting to support, e.g. facilitate, various object sensing tasks, which may improve efficiency, precision, and / or accuracy of sensing.

[0024] A further advantage of the present disclosure is to support on-demand activation of ISAC by a management node is supported. Additionally, periodic activation of ISAC by a radio network node is supported.

[0025] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The above and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art by the following detailed description of examples thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

[0027] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system comprising example radio network nodes and a management node according to this disclosure,

[0028] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system comprising example radio network nodes and a management node according to this disclosure,

[0029] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating example sensing reference signal (SeRS) configurations according to this disclosure,

[0030] Fig. 4 is a flow-chart illustrating an example method, performed in a radio network node of a wireless communication system, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, according to this disclosure,

[0031] Fig. 5 is a flow-chart illustrating an example method, performed in a radio network node of a wireless communication system, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, according to this disclosure,

[0032] Fig. 6 is a flow-chart illustrating an example method, performed in a management node of a wireless communication system, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, according to this disclosure,

[0033] Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example wireless device according to this disclosure, Fig. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example radio network node according to this disclosure, Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example management node according to this disclosure,P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0035] Fig. 10 shows a signalling diagram of example communications between radio network nodes, a management node, and another network node according to this disclosure, and

[0036] Fig. 11 shows a signalling diagram of example communications between a radio network node and a management node according to this disclosure.

[0037] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Various examples and details are described hereinafter, with reference to the figures when relevant. It should be noted that the figures may or may not be drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are represented by like reference numerals throughout the figures. It should also be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the examples. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the disclosure or as a limitation on the scope of the disclosure. In addition, an illustrated example needs not have all the aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or an advantage described in conjunction with a particular example is not necessarily limited to that example and can be practiced in any other examples even if not so illustrated, or if not so explicitly described.

[0039] Different configurations of SeRS may be designed, selected, and employed to effectively detect objects within a cellular network. It may be technically beneficial for a communication system to implement multiple different ISAC resource configurations, such as different SeRS configurations, tailored for different use cases, such as different object sensing tasks. However, changing SeRS configurations or selecting an SeRS configuration from a set of SeRS configurations may creating challenges for various radio network nodes within a system to adaptively and promptly switch to suitable resource configuration. For example, a radio network node, such as a base station may have no prior knowledge about the profile or general area of a particular sensing target, such as an object for which a network operator seeks location information.

[0040] Accordingly, as disclosed herein, radio network nodes, such as base stations and UE, may communicate with one another and / or with nodes of the core network to select an SeRS configuration from a set of available SeRS configurations, and they may communicate formatting or expectations for measurements reported using a selected SeRS configuration. SeRS configurations may support on-demand and / or periodic activation. This may support mono-static, bi-static, and / or multi-static sensing operations with various combinations of radio network nodes, such as base stations and UEs.

[0041] The figures are schematic and simplified for clarity, and they merely show details which aid understanding the disclosure, while other details have been left out. Throughout, the same reference numerals are used for identical or corresponding parts.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0043] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system 1 comprising example radio network nodes 400, 400a and an example wireless device 300, according to this disclosure. Wireless communication system 1 may be a cellular network configured for communications among and between nodes or devices according to one or several versions of a standardized protocol published by the Third Generation Partnership Project.

[0044] Radio network nodes 400, 400a may each be a radio access network node operating in the radio access network of system 1. Radio network nodes 400, 400a may each be an access point, base station, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation Node B (gNB), and / or any new type of Node B for beyond 5G system. In one or more examples, a radio network node 400 comprises a RAN node that is a functional unit which may be distributed in several physical units.

[0045] Wireless device 300 may be a terminal, a user terminal, a user equipment (UE), an internet of things (loT) device, or a device configured for machine-type communication (MTC). As used herein, a wireless device 300 may perform functions of a radio network node; wireless device 300 may thus be a radio network node and may be referred to as a radio network node in one or more examples.

[0046] In one or more examples, system 1 includes a management node 600, which may be an element of radio network node 400 or, in some examples, may be a node of a core network of system 1. A core network (CN) node disclosed herein refers to a network node operating in the core network, such as in an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network, a 5G Core (5GC) network, and / or a 6G Core (6GC) network.

[0047] In one or more examples, system 1 includes object 50, which may be a UAV (e.g., drone), human, automobile, AGV, or an object creating a hazard. In one or more examples, object 50 may be any object within system 1 that is something other than a node of the system 1.

[0048] The wireless device 300 may be configured to communicate with the radio network node 400 via a wireless link (or radio access link) 10. In one or more examples, radio network nodes 400, 400a may be configured to communicate with management node 600, which may be a CN node, via backhaul links 12 and 12a, such as S1 or N2 interfaces, which may be wired or wireless links. The wireless device 300 may also be configured to communicate with management node 600. The communication may be via the radio network node 400. The radio network 400 may not be aware of the communication content between the wireless device 300 and the management node 600, in some examples. Radio network nodes 400 and 400a may be configured to communicate with one another via link 13, such as Xn interface, which may beP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0049] 6

[0050] wired or wireless. In one or more examples, management node 600 is a functional node or aspect of the RAN of system 1 , such as a functional node or aspect of radio network node 400; in such cases, radio network nodes 400, 400a may be configured to communicate with management node 600 via one or several interfaces or links, which may include bussing internal to radio network node 400.

[0051] In one or more examples, radio network node 400 may be configured to transmit, such as multicast or broadcast, SeRS 14 according to one or more SeRS configurations, which may be reflected as SeRS 14a, 14b, and / or 14z from object 50. Wireless device 300 may be configured to receive reflected SeRS 14b and / or radio network node 400a may be configured to receive reflected SeRS 14a. In one or more examples, radio network node 400 may also be configured to receive the reflected SeRS 14z.

[0052] By way of example, radio network node 400 may be configured to obtain a set of SeRS configurations, each of which may offer advantages for or may be suitable for different object sensing tasks. A set of SeRS configurations may be seen as a list of SeRS configurations or a table, such as a lookup table, of SeRS configurations. Radio network node 400 may be configured to obtain the SeRS configurations from internal memory (for example, if it is preprogrammed or pre-configured with the set of SeRS configuration) and / or it may be configured to obtain the set of SeRS configurations from the CN, such as via management node 600, such as via link 12. To facilitate coordination between nodes, and in the event management node 600 does not have an indication of a set of SeRS configuration for radio network node 400, radio network node 400 may be configured to communicate the set of SeRS configuration to management node 600, such as via link 12. Radio network node 400 may provide a full list or a sub-list of SeRS configurations to management node 600; radio network node 400 may not, in some examples, identify all possible SeRS configurations.

[0053] Radio resource node 400 may be configured to select from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. Such selection may be based on, for example, signalling from management node 600. For example, management node 600 may be configured to determine from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, and management node 600 may be configured to transmit radio network node 400, such a via link 12, signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. In one or more examples, radio resource node 400 may be configured to select at least one SeRS configuration a priori and / or based on other control information or signalling.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0055] An SeRS configuration may be selected based on a particular object sensing task. For example, certain SeRS configurations may be more likely to support sensing of a UAV than others.

[0056] Likewise, other SeRS configurations may be more likely to support sensing of humans than others. This may be due to the locations of target objects (for example, at ground level or flying above ground), the shape or aspect ratio of target objects (for example, a UAV may have a lower profile compared to an automobile), the material of target objects, a rate of travel of target objects (for example, certain targets may be slow moving while others travel quickly through a coverage area). Accordingly, an SeRS configuration and / or SeRS transmission may be selected or transmitted based on, such as depending on, an object sensing task, which may include an area to be sensed.

[0057] Additionally or alternatively, an SeRS configuration may be selected based on background objects. Background objects may include anticipated, expected, or likely objects in a background or, more generally, vicinity of, a target object for a sensing task. For example, a sensing task may involve sensing a location of target objects (for example automobiles) traveling in an urban environment. In such an example, background objects may include buildings, utility poles, signage, and the like. An SeRS configuration may thus be selected based, such as based in part, on an object sensing task that includes sensing a target object (e.g., an automobile) with background objects (e.g., objects expected in urban environments). In one or more examples, a background object may be a stationary object and / or a mobile object. For example, in some cases, an object may be seen as a background object while in other cases, the same object may be seen as a target object. In a use case referred to as digital twinning, for example, a target object may be an urban environment or aspects of such an environment, such as a building or buildings, roads, city features, or the like.

[0058] In one or more examples, management node 600 and / or radio network node 400 may be configured to communicate, such as via link 12a or 13, signalling indicative of at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmissions selected from a set of SeRS configurations. Signalling indicative of an SeRS configuration or several SeRS configurations between management node 600 and the radio network nodes 400, 400a (or similar such signalling between radio network nodes 400 and 400a) may include details of the SeRS configuration or may be an identifier of the SeRS configuration that may be used in, for example, a look-up operation (such as one involving a look-up table). In other words, signalling indicative of the SeRS configuration may include the configuration itself or a representation of or proxy for the configuration. The radio network node 400a may be configured to monitor for one or more SeRS transmitted from the radio network node 400 according to the at least one SeRS configuration. Monitoring one or more SeRS may include receiving the SeRS, such as based on the configuration and / orP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0060] performing measurement, such as sensing measurement, based on the received one or more SeRS.

[0061] In one or more examples, management node 600 may communicate to radio network node 400a and / or wireless device 300, signalling indicative of a measurement configuration for reporting the sensing measurement based on one or more received SeRS transmissions. The measurement configuration may be indicative of at least one of an expected report from the second radio network node, a sensing measurement duration, or other configuration information, or any combination thereof.

[0062] In one or more examples, the management node 600 may also be connected to other node(s) in the core network (not shown in Fig.1), such as Application Function (AF), Network Exposure Function (NEF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), User Plane Function (UPF), etc. It may also be connected directly or via another node or nodes to an application server outside of the core network.

[0063] In one or more examples, wireless device 300 may be configured to receive signalling indicative of at least one SeRS configuration, which may be communicated from management node 600 via radio network node 400, such a via links 12 and 10. Wireless device 300 may thus be configured to monitor for one or more SeRS transmitted from radio network node 400.

[0064] Radio network node 400 may be configured to transmit one or more SeRS 14 based on the at least one SeRS configuration. Radio network node 400a and / or wireless device 300 may be configured to receive reflected SeRS 14a and / or 14b, which may be used to perform a sensing measurement for object 50. Sensing measurement may be understood as determining one or more characteristics of object 50, such as location, size, type, motion, and / or tracking. Wireless device 300 and / or radio network node 400b may be configured to transmit, for example to management node 600, signalling indicative of a report of measurements of object 50.

[0065] Further examples and advantages of sensing, including various types of sensing, using SeRS configurations associated with different object sensing tasks are described below.

[0066] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system 2, comprising example radio network nodes and a management node according to this disclosure. System 2 may be an example of and / or illustrate additional features of system 1 described with reference to Fig. 1. System 2 includes radio network nodes 400a, 400b, 400c, and 400d, wireless devices 300a and 300b, and objects 50a, 50b, and 50c, each of which may be examples of corresponding nodes, devices, and / or objects described with reference to Fig. 1.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0068] ISAC may include various mono-static, bi-static, and / or multi-static schemes or examples, which may each involve one or several nodes or devices of a wireless communication system, such as system 2. Such examples may include gNB mono-static (for example, as illustrated with radio network node 400d), gNB bi-static (for example, as illustrated with radio network node 400a and 400b), and gNB-UE bi-static (for example, as illustrated with radio network node 400c and UEs 300a and 300b).

[0069] A gNB mono-static deployment, such as with radio network node 400d, may be used for UAV detection (for example, detection of object 50c). In such an example, radio network node 400d (e.g., a gNB) may serve as both an SeRS transmitter and receiver. This may include transmitting, such as broadcasting, SeRS 14h, such as within a designated area, such as within a serving cell, and monitoring for, such as listening for, reflected SeRS 14i. (Reflected SeRS 14i may be seen as echoes of SeRS 14h). Radio network node 400d may then perform a measurement and report, such as transmit signalling indicative of a measurement report, to a server, such as a management node (such as management node 600 as described with reference to Fig. 1). In such an example, a UAV, such as object 50c, passing through the designated area may be detected (e.g., sensed) by analyzing received reflections of SeRS 14i, or analyzing reports of measurements of such reflections at a server (such as management node 600).

[0070] A similar approach may be employed in a bi-static example, such as with radio network nodes 400a and 400b (for example sensing object 50a with SeRS14c, 14d), and in such an example, radio network node 400a may be an SeRS transmitter and radio network node 400b may be an SeRS receiver, which may in turn report measurements to a server (such as management node 600).

[0071] A gNB-UE bi-static deployment may include a UE, such as wireless device 300a and / or 300b, as an SeRS receiver, which may be configured to capture emitted SeRS 14e and / or reflected SeRS 14f or 14g and, for example, estimating the sensing channel. Such estimation may allow a UE, such as wireless device 300a and / or 300b, to derive sensing measurements (for example, perform a sensing measurement) associated with a target, such as object 50b (for example, a bus), which may then be reported, such as transmitted as signalling indicative of a measurement report, to a server, such as management node 600, for further processing.

[0072] In one or more examples, a server (for example, management node 600), such as in cooperation with an application layer of system 2 utilizing a measurement report from a UE (for example wireless device 300a and / or 300b), may be employed for various object sensing tasks, such as object detection, localization, and / or identification. Additionally or alternatively, a serverP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0074] (for example, management node 600) may assist or instruct a gNB (for example, radio network node 400c) in selecting an SeRS configuration. This may include configuring a sequence type, resource pattern, resource mapping, and / or reference signal type.

[0075] Further examples and advantages of sensing SeRS configurations associated with different object sensing tasks are described below.

[0076] Fig. 3 is a diagram 3 illustrating example sensing reference signal (SeRS) configurations according to this disclosure. In diagram 3, the horizontal axis 32 represents the time domain and the vertical access 34 represents the frequency domain, and each of the SeRS configurations includes time and frequency aspects.

[0077] As discussed herein, different object sensing tasks, which may be seen as different sensing use cases, may benefit from and / or be more effectively accomplished with different SeRS configurations. In other words, an SeRS configuration may be selected based on an object sensing task, and selecting a particular SeRS configuration for a particular object sensing task may yield more effective measurements and thus more effective sensing. For example, for UAV detection, signal quality may be relatively weak with coupling loss reaching, in some cases, a level of -150 dBm in certain channel condition. This may be because of the relatively small effective area of a UAV and a relatively high altitude (e.g., up to 200m above grade). Such high coupling loss indicates that the two-dimensional coverage of the feasible detecting area for a UAV is limited. It may therefore be beneficial to select an SeRS configuration that represents a coverage improvement relative to other sensing schemes.

[0078] In contrast to UAV detection, terrestrial vehicle (e.g., automobile) detection presents another channel situation in which coupling loss may be lower due to a relatively larger, sometimes metal, surface of the vehicle and often a relatively closer distance to a radio network node, such as a gNB. In such cases, it may be beneficial to select an SeRS configuration that represents an accuracy improvement, rather than a coverage improvement, relative to other sensing schemes. Further, the areas monitored may also differ when considering sensing of UAVs and sensing of terrestrial vehicles. In UAV detection, a radio network node, such as a gNB, may preferably beamform SeRS towards an aerial area, which may be above the height of the radio network node (e.g., above an antenna height). While in terrestrial vehicle detection, a target beamforming or beam-sweeping area may be at ground level, such as on the ground within a coverage area of a radio network node, such as a gNB.

[0079] Detecting, classifying, and / or tracking an object, which may be understood as sensing a target object, may thus involve different SeRS configurations. As noted, sensing a UAV at a farP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0081] distance may be better accomplished with a dedicated sensing signal, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing linear frequency modulation (OFDM-LFM). Sensing a small object and / or a distant object may be better accomplished with an SeRS configuration using repetitions. Sensing a target object with precision and / or accuracy (e.g., classifying the object) may be better accomplished with wideband transmissions.

[0082] Accordingly, SeRS configuration selection for various use cases may be managed fora particular radio network node or location. It may also be advantageous to deploy multiple SeRS configurations, such as a set of SeRS configurations, which may be seen as a list or table of SeRS configurations, from which at least one SeRS configuration may be selected or activated depending on the object sensing task.

[0083] Diagram 3 depicts an example set of SeRS configurations, including a first SeRS configuration 33, which may comprise a positioning reference signal (PRS), a second SeRS configuration 35, which may comprise OFDM-LFM, a third configuration 37, which may comprise PRS having several repetitions (e.g., X repetitions, such as 3 repetitions), and a fourth configuration 39, which may comprising a beam-sweeping PRS having several repetitions (e.g., Y repetitions, such as Y=4 repetitions). An SeRS configuration with repetitions may, for example, provide coverage improvement. Additionally or alternatively, various reference signal types may be employed. Thus, each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations may comprise one or more parameters indicative of at least one of: a resource allocation, a signal type, a repetition pattern, a beam configuration, a frequency multiplexing scheme, or a periodicity, or any combination thereof.

[0084] A resource allocation may comprise an indication of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, or subcarrier spacing, starting frequency allocation, starting time allocation, including time offset, bandwidth of the resources, time duration of the resources, or any combination thereof, as may be seen in diagram 3. A sensing signal type may comprise at least one of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signal (DMRS), synchronization signal block (SSB), PRS, or OFDM-LFM, or any combination thereof. In some examples, PRS may be advantageous for short-range detection while OFDM-LFM may be advantageous for long range or extended coverage. OFDM-LFM may also be advantageous for high accuracy sensing.

[0085] A repetition pattern may be seen as a number or quantity of SeRS repetitions in each instance of an SeRS transmission. For example, a radio network node, such as a gNB, may be configured to transmit an SeRS repeatedly to improve coverage of detection and / or to improve detection quality. A receiver of reflected SeRS, such as radio network node, such as a gNB, orP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0087] a wireless device, such as a UE, may obtain processing gains by hard-combining and / or synthesizing such multiple repetitions. Such operations may improve overall signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) at the receiver node, which may extend and / or improve detection coverage.

[0088] A beam configuration may indicate, such as may comprises, at least one of an SeRS transmission direction, an expected angle of departure (AoD) of the SeRS transmission, or a quantity of beams for SeRS transmission, or any combination thereof. A radio network node, such as a gNB may prepare several, such as a plurality of, SeRS configurations having various beam-sweeping configurations, with each beam-sweeping configuration being associated with a designated area for an object sensing task. For example, a first beam-sweeping configuration may be employed for UAV detection and a second beam-sweeping configuration may be employed for terrestrial vehicle detection. Such differentiation of beam-sweeping configurations may improve resource efficiency. A beam-sweeping configuration may be seen as a component or parameter of an SeRS configuration and / or may be another complementary configuration. In other words, an SeRS configuration may, in some examples, include a beam-sweeping configuration or an SeRS configuration may be used with different beam-sweeping configurations in some examples.

[0089] A frequency multiplexing scheme may be based on a quantity of sensing signal transmitters associated with the at least one SeRS configuration and / or with an object sensing task. A frequency multiplexing scheme may be seen as a Comb configuration. For example, cooperative multi-node operation, such as multi-gNB-to-one-gNB multi-static sensing, may beneficially employ different gNBs to transmit frequency-multiplexed SeRS resources. In such cases, a radio network node, such as a gNB may activate or select an SeRS configuration having a frequency multiplexing scheme (such as a Comb configuration) that may be based on a number of transmitters. Such an approach may advantageously avoid collisions and / or may support increased accuracy of measurement reporting.

[0090] A periodicity of an SeRS configuration may comprise an SeRS transmission interval.

[0091] As described herein, an SeRS configuration may be selected, for example by a radio network node, a priori or based on a triggering event, such as signalling received from another node, such as a management node or another radio network node. In one or more examples, a triggering event, such a signalling may comprise an indication to transmit one or more SeRS according to an aperiodic transmission type, a semi-static transmission type, or a periodic transmission type. This indication of transmission type may be a characteristic of an SeRS configuration or may be an additional instruction or configuration. In one or more examples, a radio network node may select and transmit at least one SeRS configuration for SeRSP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0093] transmission according to a transmission time configuration, such as transmission according to a particular transmission schedule and / or based on a time domain component of the SeRS configuration.

[0094] Fig. 4 is a flow-chart illustrating an example method 100, performed in a radio network node of a wireless communication system to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, according to this disclosure. The method 100 may be performed in or by a radio network node 400, 400a or wireless device 300 as described with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The wireless device 300 may be referred to as a radio network node in some examples.

[0095] In one or more examples, the method 100 may be performed by a first radio network node that may comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a user equipment (UE). In one or more examples, the method 100 may involve communications with a second radio network node that may comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a UE. Accordingly, the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node each comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a UE.

[0096] The method 100 comprises obtaining S102 a set of SeRS, configurations. Each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations may comprise one or more parameters indicative of at least one of: a resource allocation, a signal type, a repetition pattern, a beam configuration, a frequency multiplexing scheme, or a periodicity, or any combination thereof.

[0097] In one or more examples of the method 100, obtaining the set of SeRS configurations may comprise receiving S102A configuration signalling indicative of the set of SeRS from a management node and / or the second radio network node. Additionally or alternatively, obtaining the set of SeRS configurations may comprise retrieving S102B data indicative of the set of SeRS configurations from memory circuitry of the first radio network node.

[0098] In one or more examples of the method 100, the resource allocation comprises an indication of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, or subcarrier spacing, starting frequency allocation, starting time allocation, including time offset, bandwidth of the resources, time duration of the resources, or any combination thereof. Each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations may be associated with one or more object types, such as target object types, and / or object sensing tasks, such as target object sensing tasks.

[0099] In one or more examples of the method 100, the signal type comprises at least one of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signal, (DMRS),P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

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[0101] synchronization signal block (SSB), positioning reference signal (PRS), or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing linear frequency modulation (OFDM-LFM), or any combination thereof.

[0102] In one or more examples of the method 100, the beam configuration indicates at least one of an SeRS transmission direction, an expected angle of departure (AoD) of the SeRS transmission, or a quantity of beams for SeRS transmission, or any combination thereof.

[0103] In one or more examples of the method 100, the frequency multiplexing scheme may be based on a quantity of transmitters, such as transmitters associated with the at least one SeRS configuration and / or with an object sensing task.

[0104] In one or more examples of the method 100, the periodicity comprises an SeRS transmission interval.

[0105] In one or more examples, the method 100 comprises transmitting S103, such as to a management node and / or a second radio network node, first signalling, such as first signalling indicative of the set of SeRS configurations.

[0106] In one or more examples, the method 100 comprises receiving S104, such as from the management node and / or the second radio network node, second signalling, such as indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. The at least one SeRS configuration may be selected from the set of SeRS configurations, for example, based on the second signalling. For example, the first radio network node may transmit first signalling indicative of the set of SeRS configurations to the management node and may receive second signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for transmission from the second radio network node. In some examples, the first radio network node receives the second signalling from the management node. The second signalling may comprise, in one or more examples, an indication to transmit the one or more SeRS according to an aperiodic transmission type, a semi-static transmission type, or a periodic transmission type.

[0107] In one or more examples of the method 100, the second signalling comprises the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, or an identifier for the SeRS configuration, or an identifier of the first radio network node, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples of the method 100, the second signalling comprises a subset of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission or a subset of parameters of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. For example, the second signalling may include a subset of parameters that comprises updates of parameters previously transmitted, such as prior configurations, such as the expected angle of departure (AoD) of the SeRS transmission.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0108] 15

[0109] The method 100 comprises selecting S106 from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. In one or more examples of the method 100, selecting the at least one SeRS configuration comprises selecting the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission according to a transmission time configuration.

[0110] The method 100 comprises transmitting S108 one or more SeRS, for example, based on the at least one SeRS configuration. In one or more examples, the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission is selected based on an object type (e.g., a target object type) and / or an area (e.g., a target area) for an object sensing task.

[0111] In one or more examples, the method 100 comprises transmitting S108Athe one or more SeRS based on the second signalling. In one or more examples, transmitting the one or more SeRS comprises transmitting S108B the one or more SeRS according to the transmission time configuration based on the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0112] Fig. 5 is a flow-chart illustrating an example method 200, performed in a radio network node of a wireless communication system to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, according to this disclosure. The method 200 may be performed in or by a radio network node 400, 400a or wireless device 300 as described with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The wireless device 300 may be referred to as a radio network node in some examples.

[0113] In one or more examples, the method 200 may be performed by a second radio network node that may comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a user equipment (UE). In one or more examples, the method 200 may involve communications with a first radio network node that may comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a UE. Accordingly, the second radio network node and / or the first radio network node each comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a UE.

[0114] The method 200 comprises receiving S202 from a management node and / or a first network node, first signalling indicative of at least one Sensing Reference Signal (SeRS) configuration for SeRS transmissions from the first radio network node. The at least one SeRS configuration may be selected from a set of SeRS configurations associated with the first radio network node.

[0115] In one or more examples of the method 200, the SeRS configuration comprises one or more parameters indicative of at least one of: a resource allocation, a signal type, a repetition pattern, a beam configuration, a frequency multiplexing scheme, or a periodicity, or any combination thereof.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0116] 16

[0117] In one or more examples of the method 200, the resource allocation comprises an indication of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, or subcarrier spacing, starting frequency allocation, starting time allocation, including time offset, bandwidth of the resources, time duration of the resources, or any combination thereof.

[0118] In one or more examples of the method 200, the signal type comprises at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Linear Frequency Modulation (OFDM-LFM) or any combination thereof.

[0119] In one or more examples of the method 200, the frequency multiplexing scheme may be based on, for example, a quantity of transmitters, such as transmitters associated with the at least one SeRS configuration and / or with an object sensing task.

[0120] In one or more examples of the method 200, the periodicity comprises an SeRS transmission interval. The SeRS transmission interval may be seen as the timing of transmissions on time resources indicated by the SeRS configuration and / or as may be otherwise designated or scheduled for SeRS transmissions, such as by system information, such as may be communicated in an SSB.

[0121] In one or more examples of the method 200, the first signalling comprises an identifier (ID) for the first radio network node. A management node, such as management node 600, or another node, such as CN node, may transmit a gNB ID, for example, with or in addition to an SeRS configuration.

[0122] In one or more examples of the method 200, the SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission is associated with an object type (e.g., a target object type) and / or an area (e.g., a target area) for an object sensing task.

[0123] In one or more examples of the method 200, the method 200 comprises receiving S204, from the management node and / or the first radio network node, second signalling indicative of a measurement configuration for reporting one or more received SeRS transmissions. A sensing receiver may be configured with a measurement configuration that indicates, for example, contents, format, structure, and / or timing of a measurement report.

[0124] In one or more examples of the method 200, the measurement configuration is indicative of at least one of an expected report from the second radio network node, a sensing measurement duration, a periodicity of sensing measurement reporting, an expected sensing qualityP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0125] 17

[0126] measurement results to be reported, or other configuration information, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the measurement configuration indicative of an expected report from the second radio network node may be seen as a measurement request. The measurement request may be part of the measurement configuration or provided separately, such as transmitted as separate signalling or message, such as after the measurement configuration.

[0127] The method 200 comprises monitoring S206 for one or more SeRS transmitted from the first radio network node according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0128] In one or more examples, method 200 comprises receiving S208, from the first radio network node, one or more SeRS transmitted according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0129] Optionally, the received SeRS may comprise SeRS reflected from at least an object. A received SeRS may be SeRS reflected from one or more objects, which may include intended or target objects in addition to unintended objects. SeRS may be received directly and / or incidentally and may be used in measurement reporting accordingly.

[0130] In one or more examples, the method 200 comprises performing a sensing measurement S210 for the received SeRS based on the measurement configuration.

[0131] In one or more examples, the method 200 comprises transmitting S212, to the management node and / or the first radio network node, third signalling indicative of a report that is based on, for example, the sensing measurement, such as the requested sensing measurement.

[0132] Fig. 6 is a flow-chart illustrating an example method, performed in a management node 600 of a wireless communication system to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, according to this disclosure. The method 700 may be performed by a management node 600, in a radio network node 400, 400a, or wireless device 300, as described with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The wireless device 300 may be referred to as a radio network node in some examples.

[0133] In one or more examples, the method 700 may be performed in a management node 600 in a server, such as a dedicated server for object sensing. The management node 600 may be a part of any core network node, such as a Location Management Function (LMF), in a radio network node 400, 400a or wireless device 300 as described with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

[0134] In one or more examples, the method 700 may involve communications with a first and / or second radio network node that may comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a UE. Accordingly, the management node, the first radio network nodeP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0135] 18

[0136] and / or the second radio network node may each comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a UE. In one or more examples, the management node is a node within a core network of a wireless communications system.

[0137] In one or more examples, the method 700 comprises receiving S702, from another network node, signalling (e.g., fourth signalling, which may be distinct from other signalling) indicative of a target object and / or target object type for a sensing task. Signalling indicative of a target object may be indicative of one or more, such as any, characteristics of a target object.

[0138] Signalling from another network node may be originated from another core network node, such as Application Function (AF) node or it may also be from the external application server that reaches the management node via one of the core network nodes. The at least one SeRS configuration may be selected based on, for example, such signalling, (e.g., the fourth signalling). The method 700 comprises receiving S704, from a first radio network node, first signalling indicative of a set of sensing reference signal, SeRS, configurations. In one or more examples each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations is associated with one or more object types, such as target object types, and / or object sensing tasks, which may include a task or task for sensing one or more object types.

[0139] The method 700 further comprises selecting S706 from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. Selecting may be seen as or may include determining at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. In one or more examples, the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission is associated with an object type (e.g., a target object type) and / or an area (e.g., a target area) for an object sensing task.

[0140] The method 700 comprises transmitting S708, to the first radio network node, second signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0141] In one or more examples of the method 700, the at least one SeRS configuration comprises one or more parameters indicative of at least one of: a resource allocation, a signal type, a repetition pattern, a beam configuration, a frequency multiplexing scheme, or a periodicity, or any combination thereof. A repetition pattern may be based on a coverage improvement condition associated with an object sensing task, such as a characteristic of a target object, such as one or more physical characteristics.

[0142] In one or more examples of the method 700, the resource allocation comprises an indication of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, or subcarrier spacing, starting frequency allocation, starting time allocation, including time offset, bandwidth of the resources, time duration of the resources, or any combination thereof.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0143] 19

[0144] In one or more examples of the method 700, the signal type comprises at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) or Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Linear Frequency Modulation (OFDM-LFM) or any combination thereof.

[0145] In one or more examples of the method 700, the beam configuration indicates at least one of the SeRS transmission direction, the expected Angle of Departure (AoD) of the SeRS transmission, and the number of beams for SeRS transmission.

[0146] In one or more examples of the method 700, the frequency multiplexing scheme may be based on a quantity of transmitters, such as transmitters associated with the at least one SeRS configuration and / or with an object sensing task. Frequency multiplexing may be seen as an aspect of a configuration or a parameter to avoid overlapping transmissions, such as to mitigate collisions, from different transmitters, such as multiple SeRS transmissions from multiple gNBs. A frequency multiplexing scheme may be based on cooperative multi-node operations.

[0147] In one or more examples of the method 700, the periodicity comprises an SeRS transmission interval.

[0148] In one or more examples, the method 700 comprises transmitting S710, to a second radio network node, the second signalling or third signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0149] In one or more examples of the method 700, the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node each comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a user equipment, UE

[0150] In one or more examples of the method 700, the second signalling and / or the third signalling comprises the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, an identifier for the SeRS configuration, and / or an identifier of the first radio network node.

[0151] In one or more examples of the method 700, the second signalling and / or the third signalling comprises a subset of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission or a subset of parameters of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. For example, the second signalling and / or third signalling may include a subset of parameters that comprises updates of parameters previously transmitted, such as prior configurations, such as the expected angle of departure (AoD) of the SeRS transmission.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0152] 20

[0153] In one or more examples, the method 700 comprises transmitting S712, to the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node, fifth signalling indicative of a measurement configuration for reporting one or more received SeRS transmissions.

[0154] In one or more examples of the method 700, the measurement configuration is indicative of at least one of an expected report from the second radio network node, a sensing measurement duration, a periodicity of sensing measurement reporting, an expected sensing quality measurement results to be reported, or other configuration information, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the measurement configuration indicative of an expected report from the second radio network node may be seen as a measurement request. The measurement request may be part of the measurement configuration or provided separately, such as transmitted as separate signalling or message, such as after the measurement configuration.

[0155] In one or more examples, the method 700 comprises receiving S714, from the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node, sixth signalling indicative of a report that is based on the sensing measurement performed based on the measurement configuration.

[0156] Fig. 7 shows a block diagram of an example wireless device 300 according to the disclosure. The wireless device 300 comprises memory circuitry 301 , processor circuitry 302, and a wireless interface 303. The wireless device 300 may be configured to perform any of the methods disclosed in and described with reference to Fig. 4 and / or Fig. 5. In other words, the wireless device 300 may be configured for or to support object sensing in a wireless communication network. The wireless device 300 is configured to communicate with a radio network node and / or a management node, such as the nodes disclosed herein, using a wireless communication system.

[0157] In one or more examples, the wireless device 300 is configured to obtain (such as via the wireless interface 303 and / or from memory circuitry 301) a set of SeRS configurations.

[0158] In one or more examples, the wireless device 300 is configured to select (such as with the processor circuitry 302) from the set of SeRS at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0159] In one or more examples, the wireless device 300 is configured to transmit (such as via the wireless interface 303) one or more SeRS based on the at least one SeRS configuration.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0160] 21

[0161] In one or more examples, the wireless device 300 is configured to receive (such as via the wireless interface 303) first signalling indicative of at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0162] In one or more examples, the wireless device 300 is configured to monitor (such as via the wireless interface 303) for one or more SeRS transmitted according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0163] The wireless interface 303 is configured for wireless communications via a wireless communication system, such as a 3GPP system, such as a 3GPP system supporting one or more of: 6G Radio System and beyond, New Radio, NR, Long Term Evolution, LTE, Narrowband loT, NB-loT, and Long Term Evolution - enhanced Machine Type Communication, LTE-M, and 3GPP system operated in licensed bands or unlicensed bands.

[0164] The wireless device 300 is optionally configured to perform any of the operations disclosed in Fig. 4 (such as any one or more of S102A, S104, S106A, S110, S110A, S110B) and / or Fig. 5 (such as any one or more of S204, S208, S210, S212). The operations of the wireless device 300 may be embodied in the form of executable logic routines (for example, lines of code, software programs, etc.) that are stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium (for example, memory circuitry 301) and are executed by processor circuitry 302.

[0165] Furthermore, the operations of the wireless device 300 may be considered a method that the wireless device 300 is configured to carry out. Also, while the described functions and operations may be implemented in software, such functionality may also be carried out via dedicated hardware or firmware, or some combination of hardware, firmware and / or software.

[0166] Memory circuitry 301 may be one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable device. In a typical arrangement, memory circuitry 301 may include a nonvolatile memory for long term data storage and a volatile memory that functions as system memory for processor circuitry 302. Memory circuitry 301 may exchange data with processor circuitry 302 over a data bus. Control lines and an address bus between memory circuitry 301 and processor circuitry 302 also may be present (not shown in Fig. 7). Memory circuitry 301 is considered a non-transitory computer readable medium.

[0167] Memory circuitry 301 may be configured to store information (such as information indicative of a set of SeRS configurations) in a part of the memory.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0168] 22

[0169] Fig. 8 shows a block diagram of an example radio network node 400 according to the disclosure. The radio network node 400 comprises memory circuitry 401, processor circuitry 402, and a wireless interface 403. The radio network node 400 may be configured to perform any of the methods disclosed in and described with reference to Fig. 4 and / or Fig. 5. In other words, the radio network node 400 may be configured for or to support object sensing in a wireless communication network. The radio network node 400 is configured to communicate with another radio network node, a wireless device, and / or a management node, such as the devices and nodes disclosed herein, using a wireless communication system.

[0170] In one or more examples, the radio network node 400 is configured to obtain (such as via the wireless interface 403 and / or from memory circuitry 401 ) a set of SeRS configurations.

[0171] In one or more examples, the radio network node 400 is configured to select (such as with the processor circuitry 402) from the set of SeRS at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0172] In one or more examples, the radio network node 400 is configured to transmit (such as via the wireless interface 403) one or more SeRS based on the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0173] In one or more examples, the radio network node 400 is configured to receive (such as via the wireless interface 403) first signalling indicative of at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0174] In one or more examples, the radio network node 400 is configured to monitor (such as via the wireless interface 403) for one or more SeRS transmitted according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0175] The radio network node 400 is configured for wireless communications via a wireless communication system, such as a 3GPP system, such as a 3GPP system supporting one or more of: New Radio, NR, Long Term Evolution, LTE, Narrow-band loT, NB-loT, and Long Term Evolution - enhanced Machine Type Communication, LTE-M, and 3GPP system operated in licensed bands or unlicensed bands.

[0176] The radio network node 400 is optionally configured to perform any of the operations disclosed in Fig. 4 (such as any one or more of S102A, S104, S106A, S110, S110A, S110B) and / or Fig. 5 (such as any one or more of S204, S208, S210, S212). The operations of the wireless device 300 may be embodied in the form of executable logic routines (for example, lines of code, software programs, etc.) that are stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium (for example, memory circuitry 401) and are executed by processor circuitry 402.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0177] 23

[0178] Furthermore, the operations of the radio network node 400 may be considered a method that the radio network node 400 is configured to carry out. Also, while the described functions and operations may be implemented in software, such functionality may also be carried out via dedicated hardware or firmware, or some combination of hardware, firmware and / or software.

[0179] Memory circuitry 401 may be one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable device. In a typical arrangement, memory circuitry 401 may include a nonvolatile memory for long term data storage and a volatile memory that functions as system memory for processor circuitry 402. Memory circuitry 401 may exchange data with processor circuitry 402 over a data bus. Control lines and an address bus between memory circuitry 401 and processor circuitry 402 also may be present (not shown in Fig. 8). Memory circuitry 401 is considered a non-transitory computer readable medium.

[0180] Memory circuitry 401 may be configured to store information (such as information indicative of a set of SeRS configurations) in a part of the memory.

[0181] Fig. 9 shows a block diagram of an example management node 600 according to the disclosure. In one or more examples, the management node 600 comprises memory circuitry 601 , processor circuitry 602, and a wireless interface 603. In one or more examples, the management node 600 is a security management function (SeMF), which be an element or feature of a network node disclosed herein. The management node 600 may be configured to perform any of the methods disclosed in and described with reference to Fig. 6. In other words, the management node 600 may be configured for or to support object sensing in a wireless communication network. In one or more examples, the management node 600 is configured to communicate with radio network nodes and / or a wireless device, such as the devices and nodes disclosed herein, using a wireless communication system.

[0182] In one or more examples, the management node 600 is configured to receive (such as via the wireless interface 603) first signalling indicative of a set of SeRS configurations.

[0183] In one or more examples, the management node 600 is configured to determine (such as with the processor circuitry 602) from the set of SeRS at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0184] In one or more examples, the management node 600 is configured to transmit (such as via the wireless interface 403) second signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0185] 24

[0186] In one or more examples, the management node 600 is configured for communications via a wireless communication system, such as a 3GPP system, such as a 3GPP system supporting one or more of: New Radio, NR, Long Term Evolution, LTE, Narrow-band loT, NB-loT, and Long Term Evolution - enhanced Machine Type Communication, LTE-M, and 3GPP system operated in licensed bands or unlicensed bands.

[0187] The management node 600 is optionally configured to perform any of the operations disclosed in Fig. 6 (such as any one or more of S702, S710, S712, S714). The operations of the management node 600 may be embodied in the form of executable logic routines (for example, lines of code, software programs, etc.) that are stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium (for example, memory circuitry 601) and are executed by processor circuitry 602.

[0188] Furthermore, the operations of the management node 600 may be considered a method that the management node 600 is configured to carry out. Also, while the described functions and operations may be implemented in software, such functionality may also be carried out via dedicated hardware or firmware, or some combination of hardware, firmware and / or software.

[0189] Memory circuitry 601 may be one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable device. In a typical arrangement, memory circuitry 601 may include a nonvolatile memory for long term data storage and a volatile memory that functions as system memory for processor circuitry 602. Memory circuitry 601 may exchange data with processor circuitry 602 over a data bus. Control lines and an address bus between memory circuitry 601 and processor circuitry 602 also may be present (not shown in Fig. 9). Memory circuitry 601 is considered a non-transitory computer readable medium.

[0190] Memory circuitry 601 may be configured to store information (such as information indicative of a set of SeRS configurations and / or object sensing tasks) in a part of the memory.

[0191] Fig. 10 shows a signalling diagram 800 of example communications between radio network nodes 400e and 400f (or wireless device 300c), management node 600a, and core network node 801 (such as an application server, such as an application function), according to this disclosure. The nodes and devices depicted in diagram 800 may be examples of nodes and devices disclosed herein, such as in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and / or Fig. 9.

[0192] Diagram 800 may be an example of a gNB-bi-static operation as described herein. Signalling between radio network node 400e and the management node 600a (such as SeMF or LMF) may employ NRPPa, or NRPPa-like, or other similar protocol, which may be 3GPP signalling dedicated for sensing operations. In one or more examples, wireless device 300c comprises aP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0193] 25

[0194] UE employing LPP or LPP-like protocol, which may be 3GPP signalling dedicated for sensing operations.

[0195] Core network node 801 may transmit and management node 600a may receive signalling 803 indicative of an object sensing task.

[0196] Radio network node 400e may obtain 804 a set of SeRS configurations. The set of SeRS configurations may be obtained by retrieving (such as reading) data from memory of the radio network node 400e.

[0197] Radio network node 400e may transmit and management node 600a may receive signalling 805 indicative of the set of SeRS configurations.

[0198] Management node 600a may determine 806 from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0199] Management node 600a may transmit and radio network node 400e and radio network node 400f and / or wireless device 300c) may receive signalling 808 indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0200] Management node 600a may transmit and radio network node 400f and / or wireless device 300c may receive signalling 810 indicative of a measurement configuration for reporting one or more received SeRS transmissions. There may also be specific measurement configuration signaling, which may indicate the requested sensing measurement to be reported. Hence, the measurement request may not always be together with the overall measurement configuration signal, as described elsewhere herein.

[0201] Radio network node 400e may select 812 from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. Such selecting may be based on the signalling 808 indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0202] Radio network node 400f and / or wireless device 300c may monitor 814 for one or more SeRS transmitted from radio network node 400e according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0203] Radio network node 400e may transmit 816 one or more SeRS based on the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0204] Radio network node 400f and / or wireless device 300c may receive one or more SeRS transmitted according to the at least one SeRS configuration, which may include receiving one or more SeRS comprises SeRS 817 reflected from at least an object 818.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0205] 26

[0206] Radio network node 400f and / or wireless device 300c may perform 820 a sensing measurement for the received one or more SeRS based on the measurement configuration.

[0207] Radio network node 400f and / or wireless device 300c may transmit and management node 600a may receive signalling 822 indicative of a report that is based on the sensing measurement.

[0208] Fig. 11 shows a signalling diagram 900 of example communications between radio network node 400g, management node 600b, and core network node 901 (such as an application server, such as an application function), according to this disclosure. The nodes and devices depicted in diagram 900 may be examples of nodes and devices disclosed herein, such as in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and / or Fig. 9.

[0209] Diagram 900 may be an example of a gNB-mono-static operation as described herein.

[0210] Signalling between radio network node 400g and the management node 600b (such as SeMF or LMF) may employ NRPPa, or NRPPa-like, or other similar protocol, which may be 3GPP signalling dedicated for sensing operations.

[0211] Core network node 901 may transmit and management node 600b may receive signalling 903 indicative of an object sensing task.

[0212] Radio network node 400g may obtain 904 a set of SeRS configurations. The set of SeRS configurations may be obtained by retrieving (such as reading) data from memory of the radio network node 400g.

[0213] Radio network node 400g may transmit and management node 600b may receive signalling 905 indicative of the set of SeRS configurations.

[0214] Management node 600b may determine 906 from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0215] Management node 600b may transmit and radio network node 400g may receive signalling 908 indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0216] Management node 600b may transmit and radio network node 400g may receive signalling 910 indicative of a measurement configuration for reporting one or more received SeRS transmissions. There may also be specific measurement configuration signaling, which may indicate the requested sensing measurement to be reported. Hence, the measurement request may not always be together with the overall measurement configuration signal, as described elsewhere herein.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0217] 27

[0218] Radio network node 400g may select 912 from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission. Such selecting may be based on the signalling 908 indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0219] Radio network node 400g may monitor 914 for one or more SeRS transmitted from radio network node 400g according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0220] Radio network node 400g may transmit 916 one or more SeRS based on the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0221] Radio network node 400g may receive one or more SeRS transmitted according to the at least one SeRS configuration and reflected 917 from at least an object 918.

[0222] Radio network node 400g may perform 920 a sensing measurement for the received one or more SeRS, such as reflected SeRS, based on the measurement configuration.

[0223] Radio network node 400g may transmit and management node 600a may receive signalling 922 indicative of a report that is based on the sensing measurement.

[0224] Examples of methods and products (radio network node, wireless device, and / or management node) according to the disclosure are set out in the following items:

[0225] Item 1. A method, performed by a first radio network node, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:

[0226] obtaining a set of sensing reference signal, SeRS, configurations; selecting from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission; and

[0227] transmitting one or more SeRS based on the at least one SeRS configuration. Item 2. The method according to item 1 , the method comprising:

[0228] transmitting, to a management node and / or a second radio network node, first signalling indicative of the set of SeRS configurations.

[0229] Item 3. The method according to any of items 1-2, the method comprising:

[0230] receiving, from the management node and / or the second radio network node, second signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRSP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0231] 28

[0232] transmission, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration is selected from the set of SeRS configurations based on the second signalling.

[0233] Item 4. The method according to item 3, wherein the second signalling comprises the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, a subset of the at least one SeRS configuration for transmission, a subset of parameters for the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, an identifier for the SeRS configuration, or an identifier of the first radio network node, or any combination thereof.

[0234] Item 5. The method according to any of items 1-4, the method comprising:

[0235] transmitting the one or more SeRS based on the second signalling.

[0236] Item 6. The method according to item 5, wherein the second signalling comprises an indication to transmit the one or more SeRS according to an aperiodic transmission type, a semi-static transmission type, or a periodic transmission type. Item 7. The method according to any of items 1-6, wherein:

[0237] selecting the at least one SeRS configuration comprises selecting the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission according to a transmission time configuration; and

[0238] transmitting the one or more SeRS comprises transmitting the one or more SeRS according to the transmission time configuration based on the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0239] Item 8. The method according to any of items 1-7, wherein each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations comprises one or more parameters indicative of at least one of: a resource allocation, a signal type, a repetition pattern, a beam configuration, a frequency multiplexing scheme, or a periodicity, or any combination thereof.

[0240] Item 9. The method according to item 8, wherein the resource allocation comprises an indication of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, or subcarrier spacing, starting frequency allocation, starting time allocation, including time offset, bandwidth of the resources, time duration of the resources, or any combination thereof.

[0241] Item 10. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 8,

[0242] wherein the signal type comprises at least one of a channel state information reference signal, CSI-RS, demodulation reference signal, DMRS, synchronizationP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0243] 29

[0244] signal block, SSB, positioning reference signal, PRS, or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing linear frequency modulation, OFDM-LFM, or any combination thereof.

[0245] Item 11. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 8, wherein the beam configuration indicates at least one of an SeRS transmission direction, an expected angle of departure, AoD, of the SeRS transmission, or a quantity of beams for SeRS transmission, or any combination thereof.

[0246] Item 12. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 8, wherein the frequency multiplexing scheme is based on a quantity of transmitters associated with the at least one SeRS configuration and / or with an object sensing task.

[0247] Item 13. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 8, wherein the periodicity comprises an SeRS transmission interval.

[0248] Item 14. The method according to any of items 1-13, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission is selected based on an object type, such as a target object type, and / or an area, such as a target area, for an object sensing task.

[0249] Item 15. The method according to any of items 1-14, wherein each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations is associated with one or more object types, such as one or more target object types, and / or object sensing tasks, such as one or more tasks for sensing target objects, such as target object types.

[0250] Item 16. The method according to any of items 1-15, wherein obtaining the set of SeRS configurations comprises:

[0251] receiving configuration signalling indicative of the set of SeRS from the management node and / or the second radio network node.

[0252] Item 17. The method according to any of items 1-16, wherein obtaining the set of SeRS configurations comprises:

[0253] retrieving data indicative of the set of SeRS configurations from memory circuitry of the first radio network node.

[0254] Item 18. The method according to any of items 1-17, wherein the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node each comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a user equipment, UE.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0255] 30

[0256] Item 19. A method, performed by a second radio network node, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:

[0257] receiving, from a management node and / or a first network node, first signalling indicative of at least one sensing reference signal, SeRS, configuration for SeRS transmissions from the first radio network node, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration is selected from a set of SeRS configurations associated with the first radio network node; and

[0258] monitoring for one or more SeRS transmitted from the first radio network node according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0259] Item 20. The method according to item 19, wherein the first signalling comprises an identifier for the first radio network node.

[0260] Item 21. The method according to any of items 19-20, the method comprising:

[0261] receiving, from the management node and / or the first radio network node, second signalling indicative of a measurement configuration for reporting one or more received SeRS transmissions.

[0262] Item 21a. The method according to any of items 19-21, wherein the receiving of the second signalling indicative of the measurement configuration for reporting one or more received SeRS transmissions is part of the monitoring for one or more SeRS transmitted.

[0263] Item 22. The method according to any of items 19-21 a, the method comprising:

[0264] receiving, from the first radio network node, one or more SeRS transmitted according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

[0265] Item 23. The method according to item 22, wherein the received one or more SeRS comprises SeRS reflected from at least an object.

[0266] Item 24. The method according to any of items 22-23, the method comprising:

[0267] performing a sensing measurement for the received one or more SeRS based on the measurement configuration; and

[0268] transmitting, to the management node and / or the first radio network node, third signalling indicative of a report that is based on the sensing measurement.

[0269] Item 25. The method according to any of items 21-24, wherein the measurement configuration is indicative of at least one of an expected report from the second radio network node, a sensing measurement duration, a periodicity of sensingP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0270] 31

[0271] measurement reporting, an expected sensing quality measurement results to be reported, or other configuration information, or any combination thereof.

[0272] Item 26. The method according to any of items 19-25, the at least one SeRS configuration comprises one or more parameters indicative of at least one of: a resource allocation, a signal type, a repetition pattern, a beam configuration, a frequency multiplexing scheme, or a periodicity, or any combination thereof.

[0273] Item 27. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 26, wherein the resource allocation comprises an indication of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, or subcarrier spacing, starting frequency allocation, starting time allocation, including time offset, bandwidth of the resources, time duration of the resources, or any combination thereof.

[0274] Item 28. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 26, wherein the signal type comprises at least one of a channel state information reference signal, CSI-RS, demodulation reference signal, DMRS, synchronization signal block, SSB, positioning reference signal, PRS, or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing linear frequency modulation, OFDM-LFM, or any combination thereof.

[0275] Item 29. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 26, wherein the frequency multiplexing scheme is based on a quantity of transmitters associated with the at least one SeRS configuration and / or with an object sensing task.

[0276] Item 30. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 26, wherein the periodicity comprises an SeRS transmission interval.

[0277] Item 31. The method according to any of items 19-30, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission is associated with an object type, such as a target object type, and / or an area, such as a target area, for an object sensing task, such as one or more tasks for sensing target objects, such as target object types.

[0278] Item 32. The method according to any of items 19-30, wherein the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node each comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a user equipment, UE

[0279] Item 33. A method, performed by a management node, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0280] 32

[0281] receiving, from a first radio network node, first signalling indicative of a set of sensing reference signal, SeRS, configurations;

[0282] selecting from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission; and

[0283] transmitting, to the first radio network node, second signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0284] Item 34. The method according to item 33, the method comprising:

[0285] transmitting, to a second radio network node, the second signalling or third signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

[0286] Item 35. The method according to any of items 33-34, wherein the second signalling and / or the third signalling comprises the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, a subset of the at least one SeRS configuration for transmission, a subset of parameters for the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, an identifier for the SeRS configuration, and / or an identifier of the first radio network node.

[0287] Item 36. The method according to any of items 33-35, the method comprising:

[0288] receiving, from another network node, fourth signalling indicative of an object, such as a target object, and / or object type, such as a target object type, for a sensing task, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration is selected based on the fourth signalling.

[0289] Item 37. The method according to any of items 33-36, the method comprising:

[0290] transmitting, to the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node, fifth signalling indicative of a measurement configuration for reporting one or more received SeRS transmissions.

[0291] Item 38. The method according to item 37, the method comprising:

[0292] receiving, from the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node, sixth signalling indicative of a report that is based on the sensing measurement performed based on the measurement configuration.

[0293] Item 39. The method according to any of items 37-38, wherein the measurement configuration is indicative of at least one of an expected report from the second radio network node, a sensing measurement duration, a periodicity of sensingP8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0294] 33

[0295] measurement reporting, an expected sensing quality measurement results to be reported, or other configuration information, or any combination thereof.

[0296] Item 40. The method according to any of items 33-39, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration comprises one or more parameters indicative of at least one of: a resource allocation, a signal type, a repetition pattern, a beam configuration, a frequency multiplexing scheme, or a periodicity, or any combination thereof. Item 41. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 40, wherein the resource allocation comprises an indication of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, or subcarrier spacing, starting frequency allocation, starting time allocation, including time offset, bandwidth of the resources, time duration of the resources, or any combination thereof.

[0297] Item 42. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 40, wherein the signal type comprises at least one of a channel state information reference signal, CSI-RS, demodulation reference signal, DMRS, synchronization signal block, SSB, positioning reference signal, PRS, or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing linear frequency modulation, OFDM-LFM, or any combination thereof.

[0298] Item 43. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 40, wherein the beam configuration indicates at least one of the SeRS transmission direction, the expected angle of departure, AoD, of the SeRS transmission, and the number of beams for SeRS transmission.

[0299] Item 44. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 40, wherein the frequency multiplexing scheme is based on a quantity of transmitters associated with the at least one SeRS configuration and / or with an object sensing task.

[0300] Item 45. The method according to any of the previous items as dependent on item 40, wherein the periodicity comprises an SeRS transmission interval.

[0301] Item 46. The method according to any of items 33-45, wherein each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations is associated with one or more object types, such as one or more target object types, and / or object sensing tasks, such as one or more target object sensing tasks.

[0302] Item 47. The method according to any of items 33-46, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission is associated with a target object type and / or a target area for an object sensing task.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0303] 34

[0304] Item 48. The method according to any of items 33-46, wherein the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node each comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a user equipment, UE

[0305] Item 49. A radio network node comprising memory circuitry, processor circuitry, and a wireless interface, wherein the radio network node is configured to perform any of the methods according to any of items 1-32.

[0306] Item 50. A wireless device comprising memory circuitry, processor circuitry, and a wireless interface, wherein the wireless device is configured to perform any of the methods according to any of items 1-32.

[0307] Item 51. A management node comprising memory circuitry, processor circuitry, and a wireless interface, wherein the management node is configured to perform any of the methods according to any of items 33-48.

[0308] The use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not imply any particular order, but are included to identify individual elements. Moreover, the use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Note that the words “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used here and elsewhere for labelling purposes only and are not intended to denote any specific spatial or temporal ordering. Furthermore, the labelling of a first element does not imply the presence of a second element and vice versa.

[0309] It may be appreciated that the Figures comprise some circuitries or operations which are illustrated with a solid line and some circuitries, components, features, or operations which are illustrated with a dashed line. Circuitries or operations which are comprised in a solid line are circuitries, components, features or operations which are comprised in the broadest example. Circuitries, components, features, or operations which are comprised in a dashed line are examples which may be comprised in, or a part of, or are further circuitries, components, features, or operations which may be taken in addition to circuitries, components, features, or operations of the solid line examples. It should be appreciated that these operations need not be performed in order presented. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that not all of the operations need to be performed. The example operations may be performed in any order and in any combination. It should be appreciated that these operations need not be performed in order presented. Circuitries, components, features, or operations which are comprised in a dashed line may be considered optional.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0310] 35

[0311] Other operations that are not described herein can be incorporated in the example operations. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the described operations.

[0312] Certain features discussed above as separate implementations can also be implemented in combination as a single implementation. Conversely, features described as a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the combination may be claimed as any sub-combination or variation of any sub-combination

[0313] It is to be noted that the word "comprising" does not necessarily exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed.

[0314] It is to be noted that the words "a" or "an" preceding an element do not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

[0315] It is to be noted that a list in the form of “at least one of A, B, or C, or any combination thereof” should be understood to mean “A”, or “B”, or “C”, or “A and B”, or “A and C”, or “B and C”, or “A and B and C”.

[0316] It is to be noted that the term "indicative of may be seen as “associated with”, “related to”, “descriptive of’, “characterizing”, and / or “defining”. The terms “indicative of”, “associated with”, “related to”, “descriptive of’, “characterizing”, and “defining” can be used interchangeably. The term “indicative of” can be seen as indicating a relation. For example, weight data indicative of weight may comprise one or more weight parameters.

[0317] It is to be noted that the word "based on" may be seen as “as a function of” and / or “derived from”. The terms “based on” and “as a function of’ can be used interchangeably. For example, a parameter determined “based on” a data set can be seen as a parameter determined “as a function of” the data set. In other words, the parameter may be an output of one or more functions with the data set as an input.

[0318] A function may be characterizing a relation between an input and an output, such as mathematical relation, a database relation, a hardware relation, logical relation, and / or other suitable relations.P8183WOOO SYP357626WO01

[0319] 36

[0320] It should further be noted that any reference signs do not limit the scope of the claims, that the examples may be implemented at least in part by means of both hardware and software, and that several "means", "units" or "devices" may be represented by the same item of hardware.

[0321] Language of degree used herein, such as the terms “approximately,” “about,” “generally,” and “substantially” as used herein represent a value, amount, or characteristic close to the stated value, amount, or characteristic that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately”, “about”, “generally,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than or equal to 10% of, within less than or equal to 5% of, within less than or equal to 1% of, within less than or equal to 0.1% of, and within less than or equal to 0.01% of the stated amount. If the stated amount is 0 (e.g., none, having no), the above recited ranges can be specific ranges, and not within a particular % of the value.

[0322] The various example methods, devices, nodes and systems described herein are described in the general context of method steps or processes, which may be implemented in one aspect by a computer program product, embodied in a computer-readable medium, including computerexecutable instructions, such as program code, executed by computers in networked environments. A computer-readable medium may include removable and non-removable storage devices including, but not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVD), etc. Generally, program circuitries may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specified tasks or implement specific abstract data types. Computer-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program circuitries represent examples of program code for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps or processes.

[0323] Although features have been shown and described, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the claimed disclosure, and it will be made obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claimed disclosure. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. The claimed disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

Claims

P8183WOOO SYP357626WO0137CLAIMS1. A method, performed by a first radio network node, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:obtaining a set of sensing reference signal, SeRS, configurations;selecting from the set of SeRS configurations at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission; andtransmitting one or more SeRS based on the at least one SeRS configuration.

2. The method according to claim 1, the method comprising:transmitting, to a management node and / or a second radio network node, first signalling indicative of the set of SeRS configurations.

3. The method according to claim 1 , the method comprising:receiving, from the management node and / or the second radio network node, second signalling indicative of the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration is selected from the set of SeRS configurations based on the second signalling.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the second signalling comprises the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, a subset of the at least one SeRS configuration for transmission, a subset of parameters for the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission, or an identifier for the SeRS configuration, or an identifier of the first radio network node, or any combination thereof.

5. The method according to claim 1 , the method comprising:transmitting the one or more SeRS based on the second signalling; wherein the second signalling comprises an indication to transmit the one or more SeRS according to an aperiodic transmission type, a semi-static transmission type, or a periodic transmission type.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:selecting the at least one SeRS configuration comprises selecting the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission according to a transmission time configuration; andP8183WOOO SYP357626WO0138transmitting the one or more SeRS comprises transmitting the one or more SeRS according to the transmission time configuration based on the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations comprises one or more parameters indicative of at least one of: a resource allocation, a signal type, a repetition pattern, a beam configuration, a frequency multiplexing scheme, or a periodicity, or any combination thereof.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the resource allocation comprises an indication of at least one of time resources, frequency resources, or subcarrier spacing, starting frequency allocation, starting time allocation, including time offset, bandwidth of the resources, time duration of the resources, or any combination thereof.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the signal type comprises at least one of a channel state information reference signal, CSI-RS, demodulation reference signal, DMRS, synchronization signal block, SSB, positioning reference signal, PRS, or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing linear frequency modulation, OFDM-LFM, or any combination thereof.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the periodicity comprises an SeRS transmission interval.

11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the beam configuration indicates at least one of an SeRS transmission direction, an expected angle of departure, AoD, of the SeRS transmission, or a quantity of beams for SeRS transmission, or any combination thereof.

12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the frequency multiplexing scheme is based on a quantity of transmitters associated with the at least one SeRS configuration and / or with an object sensing task.

13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one SeRS configuration for SeRS transmission is selected based on an object type, and / or an area.

14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each SeRS configuration of the set of SeRS configurations is associated with one or more object types and / or object sensing tasks.

15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein obtaining the set of SeRS configurations comprises:P8183WOOO SYP357626WO0139receiving configuration signalling indicative of the set of SeRS from the management node and / or the second radio network node.

16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein obtaining the set of SeRS configurations comprises:retrieving data indicative of the set of SeRS configurations from memory circuitry of the first radio network node.

17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first radio network node and / or the second radio network node each comprise one of a base station, a gNB, an access point, a wireless device, or a user equipment, UE.

18. A method, performed by a second radio network node, to support object sensing in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:receiving, from a management node and / or a first network node, first signalling indicative of at least one sensing reference signal, SeRS, configuration for SeRS transmissions from the first radio network node, wherein the at least one SeRS configuration is selected from a set of SeRS configurations associated with the first radio network node; andmonitoring for one or more SeRS transmitted from the first radio network node according to the at least one SeRS configuration.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the first signalling comprises an identifier for the first radio network node.

20. The method according to claim 18, the method comprising:receiving, from the management node and / or the first radio network node, second signalling indicative of a measurement configuration for reporting one or more received SeRS transmissions.

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