Vehicle pane arrangement with reflective coating, and display system for a vehicle

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vehicle pane arrangement (10) having a transparent see-through region (D) and an opaque masking region (M) formed by an opaque element (5), wherein a display region (A) designed to display information is provided in the opaque masking region (M), the vehicle pane arrangement (10) comprising: - a first glass pane (2) having an exterior surface (III) and an interior-side surface (IV); and - a reflective coating (20), which, when viewed in a viewing direction from a vehicle interior to an external environment, is arranged in front of the opaque element (5) and is applied at least in the display region (A) on the interior-side surface (IV) of the first glass pane (2), wherein an average reflectivity of the reflective coating (20) decreases with increasing distance from a next adjacent pane edge (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4).

Description

[0001] SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055-WO-PCT

[0002] 1

[0003] Vehicle windscreen assembly with reflective coating and display system for a vehicle

[0004] The invention relates to a vehicle windscreen arrangement, a method for manufacturing the vehicle windscreen arrangement, a display system for a vehicle with the vehicle windscreen arrangement and a use of the vehicle windscreen arrangement.

[0005] Vehicle window assemblies, such as windshields, side windows, and / or rear windows, are typically equipped with an opaque masking area that frames a central viewing area. This masking area is usually formed by an opaque coating printed onto the surface of one of the window panes. On the one hand, the opaque masking area may be intended to visually conceal any connecting elements used to attach the window assembly to the vehicle body. On the other hand, the opaque masking area may also be intended to protect the connecting elements (e.g., adhesive dots or beads) from UV radiation.

[0006] Modern vehicles increasingly employ display systems that project information (e.g., vehicle speed, time, engine speed, navigation instructions, traffic information, traffic signs, and / or camera images) from inside the vehicle onto the windshield, for example, using an image-generating unit located inside the vehicle, particularly a display or projector. The masking area is also increasingly used as a display area for this information, as information projected onto it from the inside is not disturbed by light sources outside the vehicle, such as the headlights of an oncoming vehicle.

[0007] WO 2024 / 028155 A1 discloses a composite screen for a projection arrangement with a HUD area, comprising an outer screen, a thermoplastic interlayer, an inner screen, a masking layer, and a reflective layer, wherein the reflective layer is arranged on an interior surface of the inner screen facing away from the thermoplastic interlayer and outside a HUD area of ​​the composite screen, wherein, in a top view of the composite screen from the inner screen, the reflective layer is arranged entirely within the masking layer, and wherein the thermoplastic interlayer is wedge-shaped at least in the HUD area. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0008] 2

[0009] In the display area of ​​the windscreen assembly, for example, a reflective coating is provided which can be illuminated by the imaging unit. However, undesirable effects can occur when the reflective coating is illuminated. Therefore, there is a need for improved vehicle windscreen assemblies for displaying information. The present invention is thus based on the objective of providing an improved vehicle windscreen assembly.

[0010] The problem is solved according to the invention by a vehicle disc arrangement according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims and the entire disclosure.

[0011] The vehicle windscreen assembly according to the invention has a transparent viewing area and an opaque masking area formed by an opaque element, wherein a display area for showing information is provided in the opaque masking area. Furthermore, the vehicle windscreen assembly comprises:

[0012] a first pane of glass with an outer surface and an inner surface; and

[0013] a reflective coating which, viewed from a vehicle interior to an external environment, is arranged in front of the opaque element and is applied at least in the display area to the interior-side surface of the first glass pane,

[0014] where the average reflectivity of the reflective coating decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent disk edge, i.e., becomes less or lower in the direction towards the center of the disk.

[0015] In other words, as the distance of the reflective coating from each adjacent edge of the glass increases, i.e., as the distance decreases towards the center of the glass, the average reflectivity of the reflective coating decreases. In the preferred case of a vehicle windshield, the average reflectivity therefore decreases from each adjacent edge of the glass, e.g., a lower edge bordering the hood or engine cover, towards the center of the glass. Put simply, the reflectivity of the reflective coating is higher directly at the edge of the glass than closer to the center; thus, the average reflectivity decreases. A gradient of reflectivity is therefore achieved (see below for details).

[0016] The decrease in the mean reflectivity of the reflective coating with increasing distance from a nearest adjacent disk edge is preferably achieved by (via a SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0017] 3

[0018] (Considering a certain area) the proportion of the reflective coating area relative to the underlying pane surface, i.e. the interior surface of the first pane of glass, decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent pane edge; this creates a gradient of reflectivity.

[0019] Alternatively, in a preferred embodiment, the reflective coating comprises at least one functional layer based on at least one metal, and the decrease in the average reflectivity of the reflective coating with increasing distance from the nearest disk edge is achieved by a decrease in the thickness of the at least one functional layer of the reflective coating. If the reflective coating comprises further layers in addition to the at least one functional layer, the thicknesses of these layers can optionally also exhibit a gradient independently of one another.In a further preferred embodiment, the reflective coating comprises at least one functional layer based on at least one metal, and the decrease in the average reflectivity of the reflective coating with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent disk edge is achieved both by a decrease in the layer thickness of the at least one functional layer of the reflective coating and by a reduction in the area fraction of the reflective coating relative to the underlying disk area with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent disk edge. In the context of this invention, "reflectivity" is understood to mean an integrated reflectance in the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm, measured using a standard D65 light source and a 10° detector.This refers to the irradiation of the interior surface of the first glass pane of the vehicle window assembly, i.e., the interior reflectance.

[0020] "Mean reflectivity" refers to the average reflectivity or degree of reflection over a certain area, e.g., 10 cm². 2 , 5 cm 2 or 3 cm 2 For example, the mean reflectivity in the area of ​​the disk edge itself and a few centimeters towards the disk center can be constant and then decrease according to the invention, i.e. only exhibiting the gradient according to the invention at a certain distance from the nearest neighboring disk edge, as long as at least a partial area exhibits the gradient according to the invention.

[0021] The inventors recognized that the gradient of reflectivity (hereinafter also referred to as "reflectivity gradient" or "gradient") defines the transition between sub-areas of the first glass pane with reflective coating (e.g., the masking area) and SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0022] 4

[0023] The coating visually masks areas without a reflective coating (e.g., the transparent area), thus making the transition between areas with and without a reflective coating invisible or at most faintly perceptible to the human eye.

[0024] For example, the reflective coating can be applied across the entire surface of the underlying opaque element, but at a certain distance from this element (i.e., in an area closer to the center of the pane), it might only cover, for example, 50% of the underlying interior surface of the first glass pane. Alternatively or additionally, if the reflective coating has at least one functional layer based on at least one metal, the at least one functional layer of the reflective coating can have a first layer thickness in the area of ​​the underlying opaque element, but at a certain distance from this element (i.e., in an area closer to the center of the pane), it can have a second layer thickness that is only 50% of the first layer thickness.

[0025] Compared to conventional solutions, where the reflective coating must overlap the underlying masking area precisely at its end facing the center of the glass, the manufacturability of the vehicle windscreen assembly can be improved. Specifically, the reflectivity gradient of the reflective coating allows for a certain degree of tolerance in its placement, as its end facing the center of the glass is not visually perceived as a line or edge, but rather is rendered invisible or at least less noticeable to the human eye by the gradient. Overall, this can, for example, reduce the effort required for positioning the reflective coating during the manufacturing of the vehicle windscreen assembly and improve the overall visual appearance of the assembly. Furthermore, the reflectivity gradient can also be used selectively for information display in the screen area, e.g.,...to display a graphic element with a "soft" or flowing transition into the see-through area.

[0026] According to the invention, the vehicle window assembly comprises a transparent viewing area and an opaque masking area. The "viewing area" is intended for viewing and preferably has a light transmission of at least 70%. Light transmission here refers to the total transmission, determined by the method for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows specified in ECE-R 43, Annex 3, § 9.1. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0027] 5

[0028] In the context of the invention, the term "masking area" refers to an area of ​​the vehicle window assembly through which visibility is not possible. The light transmission of the masking area is less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, particularly preferably less than 0.5%, and most preferably less than 0.1% (especially essentially 0%). The masking area is formed by an opaque element, such as an opaque print or an opaque film. The opaque element is positioned behind the reflective coating in the direction of view from the vehicle interior to the external environment, so that the latter can be illuminated by an imaging unit in the vehicle interior when the vehicle window assembly is used as a projection surface for a display system.

[0029] In other words, the reflective coating, when installed, is located closer to the vehicle interior (and any imaging unit) than the opaque element and further away from the external environment. The reflective coating is applied either directly to the interior surface of the first glass pane or indirectly to the interior surface of the first glass pane, for example, by being applied to the opaque element. If the opaque element is located on the interior surface of the first glass pane, the reflective coating is preferably applied directly to the interior surface of the first glass pane outside the masking area and preferably indirectly within the masking area, i.e., on a surface of the opaque element closer to the vehicle interior.

[0030] The masking area is preferably formed by an opaque element, such as a printed masking pattern on the outer surface of the first glass pane, or alternatively or additionally as an opaque element (printing pattern) on the outer surface or an inner surface of a second glass pane (i.e., another outer glass pane in the case of a multi-layer pane arrangement, see below). Preferably, however, the printing pattern is arranged on the inner surface of the second glass pane and / or the outer surface of the first glass pane.

[0031] The printed coating is formed in particular from an enamel containing glass frits and a pigment, which is printed, for example, by screen printing or digital printing and then fired into the disc surface. The pigment is typically a black pigment, e.g., carbon black, aniline black, bone black, iron oxide black, spinel black, and / or graphite. The printed coating preferably has a thickness of 5 µm to 50 µm, particularly preferably from 8 µm to 25 µm. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0032] 6

[0033] Alternatively, the masking area can also be formed by an opaque film in the intermediate layer, e.g. an opaque bonding film or connecting film which causes the adhesive bond between the first and second glass panes, or a specially designed opaque masking film, e.g. based on PET, which is inserted between two bonding films.

[0034] In a typical embodiment, the masking area surrounds the viewing area like a frame. The masking area is thus arranged all the way around the viewing area. Typically, the masking area forms the surrounding edge of the vehicle window assembly, e.g., a windshield, roof window, and / or rear window (side windows are also conceivable), and borders the side edge of the vehicle window assembly. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the masking area is arranged in a surrounding edge of the vehicle window assembly and surrounds the central viewing area.

[0035] The vehicle windscreen assembly features a display area located within the masking area. This display area is designed to be illuminated by an imaging unit to create a visible image for the vehicle occupants, particularly the driver. The imaging unit illuminates the display area of ​​the windscreen assembly, where the radiation is reflected towards the viewer (driver), thus creating a virtual image. Information that is conventionally displayed on the dashboard can be shown in the display area (see below for details). This is aesthetically pleasing, and the driver needs to take their eyes off the road for a shorter time, which can be advantageous for driving safety. Such display systems can also be referred to as "black-print displays."The vehicle windscreen assembly preferably has an upper edge and a lower edge, as well as two side edges running between them. The upper edge is the edge intended to point upwards in the installed position. The lower edge is the edge intended to point downwards in the installed position. In the case of a vehicle windscreen or windshield, the upper edge is often also referred to as the "roof edge" and the lower edge as the "engine edge." If the masking area is arranged in a circumferential border region of the vehicle windscreen assembly, a section of the masking area is assigned to each of the upper, lower, and two side edges, extending along and preferably adjacent to the respective nearest edge. The display area is preferably arranged in the section of the masking area assigned to the lower edge.AndersSAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT.

[0036] 7

[0037] Expressed, the display area is preferably arranged between the viewing area and the bottom edge.

[0038] Preferably, the reflective coating has an average transparency for visible light of at least 5%, preferably at least 6%, 7%, 8% or 9% (with possible upper limits, irrespective of this, of at most 70%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 15% or 10%).

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the reflective coating is a p-polarized light-reflecting coating, i.e., a coating that reflects p-polarized light to a particularly high degree (see below). It has proven advantageous to operate corresponding display systems for vehicle windscreen assemblies with p-polarized radiation. On the one hand, this can be beneficial, for example, for people wearing polarization-selective sunglasses, since p-polarized radiation is perceptible despite polarization-selective sunglasses (e.g., s-polarized). On the other hand, disturbing ghost images can also be avoided by using p-polarized radiation.

[0040] In an advantageous embodiment, the vehicle window arrangement with the reflective coating has a total reflectance R gesat an angle of 8° and at an angle of 70° of at most 35% and a mean reflectance R p-poi compared to p-polarized radiation at an angle of 70°, the reflectance is at least 38%, particularly preferably at least 40%, 42%, 44%, 46%, 48%, 50%, or 55% (with possible upper limits, independent of this, at most 80%, 70%, or 60%). This is advantageous with regard to a high-intensity display of an image by irradiation with a p-polarized imaging unit while simultaneously reducing interfering reflections. Here, the integrated reflectance in the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm is meant, measured at the aforementioned angle (to the surface normal; angle of incidence and viewing angle) using a standard D65 light source and a 10° detector, when irradiating the interior surface of the vehicle window assembly (interior reflectance). To determine R p-poiPurely p-polarized radiation is used to determine R ges Mixed-polarized radiation (50% s / 50% p).

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the reflective coating is formed in a point-like manner in certain sections. Preferably, the reflective coating is formed in a point-like manner at least in the transmission area; more preferably, the reflectivity gradient is also formed or arranged predominantly or completely in the transparent transmission area of ​​the vehicle window assembly. In the context of this invention, the term "point-like" means a coating structure consisting of individual, small-area elements with SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0042] 8

[0043] The intervening areas are uncoated. In simplified terms, a point-like reflective coating is understood to be a multitude of individual coating points, preferably not overlapping. These can be (in a top view of the interior surface of the first glass pane from the inside) round, oval, n-sided, or circular, for example. The individual coating points are preferably spaced regularly from one another in rows and / or columns, where "rows" here refers to the points arranged equidistantly parallel to the nearest pane edge, and "columns" refers to those arranged orthogonally to it.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment, the reflective coating is formed in sections as a line. Alternatively, or in combination with the previously described point-like embodiment of the reflective coating, it is formed at least in a partial area as a line, i.e., by a multitude of individual coating surfaces in the form of individual lines. In the context of this invention, a "line" or the term "line-like" is understood to be a narrow, elongated structure whose width or line thickness is small compared to its length. For example, a length-to-width ratio can be at least 5:1, preferably at least 10:1, 20:1, or 50:1 (with possible upper limits, independent of this, of 200:1, 100:1, or 75:1).

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment, the mean point diameter of the point-like reflective coating and / or the mean line thickness of the line-like reflective coating decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent disk edge. Here, "mean diameter" is understood to be the average diameter of several nearest coating points, e.g., over an area of ​​10 cm². 2 , 8 cm 2 , 6 cm 2 , 4 cm 2 or 2 cm 2The mean line thickness of the linear coating sections is considered accordingly. This is understood as their average thickness, i.e., the arithmetic mean of the thickness. The decrease in mean diameter or mean line thickness away from the edge of the glass (towards the center of the glass) is advantageous, for example, for creating a visually appealing and smooth transition between sections of the vehicle windscreen assembly with the reflective coating (e.g., the masking area) and sections of the windscreen assembly without the coating (e.g., the transparent area, namely at a certain distance from the masking area). The decreasing point diameter or decreasing line thickness can be particularly useful when these coating areas are arranged at the transition between the masking area and the transparent area. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0046] 9

[0047] to create a more homogeneous transition overall, thus significantly reducing the visual perceptibility of the coating to a user of the vehicle.

[0048] According to a preferred embodiment, the reflective coating projects at least partially into the viewing area of ​​the vehicle's windscreen assembly. In simplified terms, the reflective coating projects into the viewing area over a certain distance, e.g., a maximum of 10 cm, 8 cm, 6 cm, or 4 cm (with possible lower limits, independent of this, of at least 1 cm, 2 cm, or 3 cm). Particularly preferably, the reflective coating is formed across the entire surface of the display area, i.e., without interruption, and the reflection gradient is arranged in a section of the viewing area directly adjacent to the masking area.This can be advantageous on the one hand to maximize the display area required for projecting information, and on the other hand to visually conceal the visual impairment caused by the transition between sections of the vehicle windscreen assembly with reflective coating and sections without reflective coating. Furthermore, this can also be advantageous with regard to the manufacturing tolerances already discussed, particularly since tolerance requirements for positioning the reflective coating relative to the masking area can be reduced.

[0049] According to the invention, the vehicle windscreen assembly is thus provided with the reflective coating, at least in the display area. The reflective coating is particularly suitable and designed to reflect the radiation from the imaging unit for generating the displayed image. The reflective coating covers the entire display area. Preferably, however, the reflective coating extends beyond the display area, i.e., projects beyond the underlying masking area into the viewing area of ​​the vehicle windscreen assembly.

[0050] According to the invention, the reflective coating is arranged on the inner surface of the first glass pane (inner pane). This can be particularly advantageous with regard to a clear display image, for example, and can prevent the formation of ghost images compared to arranging the reflective coating on the outer surface of the first glass pane.

[0051] Suitable reflective coatings are known to experts.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the reflective coating comprises at least one functional layer based on at least one metal. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0053] 10

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment, the reflective coating comprises at least one functional layer which has an average reflectance R p-poiThe refraction of at least 38% of p-polarized radiation at an angle of 70° is described above. The functional layer is particularly preferably a layer formed from a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr layer) or a layer formed from pure metal, such as niobium or chromium, which is optionally provided with one or more dielectric layers or, for example, an anti-reflective coating or unit. If a nickel-chromium alloy is used, the nickel content is preferably from 70 wt.% to 90 wt.%, particularly preferably from 75 wt.% to 85 wt.%, e.g., 80 wt.%, and the chromium content is preferably from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, particularly preferably from 15 wt.% to 25 wt.%, e.g., 20 wt.%, wherein the nickel and chromium content, apart from any impurities, adds up to 100 wt.%.A simple example of such a layer is a NiCr layer as a functional layer with an additional SiO2 protective layer applied on the inside.

[0055] Alternatively, preferably, the reflective coating comprises, in the specified order, starting from the interior surface of the first glass pane:

[0056] - a dielectric lower blocker layer with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.9, - at least one functional layer based on at least one metal,

[0057] - a dielectric upper blocker layer with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.9, - an optically low-refractive-index layer with a refractive index less than or equal to 1.6, - an optically high-refractive-index layer with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.9. The reflective coating is, in particular, a coating made of thin films (thin-film stack, thin-film sequence). All layers of the reflective coating are thin films.

[0058] The functional layer is an electrically conductive layer based on at least one metal. Specifically, this means that the functional layer is based on a metal or a metal alloy. The functional layer provides the reflective properties of the reflective coating.

[0059] A particular advantage of the alternative preferred reflective coating is that the ratio of reflectivities towards s- and p-polarized radiation can be flexibly adjusted, especially by the design of the antireflection module, and that this allows Rtotal and Rp-poi to be set largely independently of each other. The reflectance R s-P The oi opposite s-polarized radiation at an angle of 70° is SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0060] 11

[0061] preferably less than 25%, preferably less than 15%, or even less than 10%. The reflectance R s-P The reflectance of oi towards s-polarized radiation is measured under the same conditions as the reflectance R. p-poi compared to p-polarized radiation, but with purely s-polarized radiation.

[0062] The vehicle window arrangement with the reflective coating preferably has an interior-side reflection color characterized in the Lab color space by an a* value and a b* value in the range of -10 to 10 each. This allows for a color-neutral display image. The reflection color is measured by irradiating the interior surface of the first glass pane (inner pane) with a p-polarized standard light source D65 at an angle of 70° (to the surface normal; angle of incidence and observation angle), using a 10° detector.

[0063] The functional layer is preferably based on at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, aluminium, indium and tin.

[0064] In an advantageous embodiment, the functional layer is based on at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. These materials have proven to be sufficiently hard and scratch-resistant, so that they are not at risk of being damaged by scratches, for example, when wiped or subjected to other mechanical contact. Such wiping can, for example, be carried out as a cleaning step during the manufacturing process of the vehicle windscreen assembly. Scratch resistance is particularly important when the reflective coating is applied to the exposed, interior surface of the first glass pane (inner pane), which is regularly cleaned or otherwise touched even when installed. Functional layers based on nickel, chromium, a nickel-chromium alloy, or niobium have proven to be particularly suitable in this regard.A nickel-chromium alloy has the advantage over pure nickel or chromium that it can be easily deposited, especially sputtered.

[0065] In an alternative embodiment, the functional layer is based on at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, aluminum, indium, and tin. These metals are inherently softer and sometimes susceptible to scratching. In this case, it can be particularly advisable to provide the reflective coating with a scratch-resistant topcoat to protect the vulnerable functional layer from damage. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0066] 12

[0067] They appreciate the materials. Silver or aluminum are preferred, as they have particularly good reflective properties and are easy to deposit, especially by sputtering.

[0068] The alternatively preferred reflective coating preferably comprises at least one functional layer. It can have exactly one functional layer, which is preferred with regard to a simple coating structure. However, it can also have several functional layers, wherein adjacent functional layers are separated from each other by dielectric layers.

[0069] In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one functional layer has a total thickness of 10 nm to 150 nm. Good results are achieved in this range with regard to reflection and other optical properties. In the case of multiple functional layers, the aforementioned total thickness is the sum of the thicknesses of the individual functional layers. In the case of a single functional layer, the aforementioned total thickness corresponds to the thickness of that single functional layer.

[0070] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the functional layer is based on at least one metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, chromium, and niobium. This achieves particularly good results.

[0071] In a first, particularly preferred embodiment, the functional layer is based on nickel and / or chromium, in particular on a nickel-chromium alloy. The at least one functional layer has a total thickness of preferably at least 40 nm to ensure good reflective properties, and particularly preferably at least 75 nm to prevent light transmission, which is advantageous for aesthetic reasons. The total thickness of the at least one functional layer is preferably from 40 nm to 130 nm, particularly preferably from 75 nm to 125 nm, and most preferably from 90 nm to 110 nm, particularly from 95 nm to 105 nm, e.g., about 100 nm. This yields particularly good results. If a nickel-chromium alloy is used, the nickel content is preferably from 70 wt.% to 90 wt.%, particularly preferably from 75 wt.% to 85 wt.%, e.g., 80 wt.%, and the chromium content is preferably from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%.-%, particularly preferably from 15 wt.% to 25 wt.%, e.g. 20 wt.%, wherein the proportions of nickel and chromium, apart from any impurities, add up to 100 wt.%.

[0072] In a second, particularly preferred embodiment, the functional layer is based on niobium. The total thickness of the at least one functional layer is SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0073] 13

[0074] Preferably from 10 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 20 nm to 40 nm, and most preferably from 25 nm to 35 nm, e.g., around 30 nm. This yields particularly good results, especially good reflective properties and a significant reduction in light transmission. Functional layers based on niobium have proven to be even more flexible than those based on a nickel-chromium alloy and allow for improved polarization-selective reflection behavior with simultaneously lower overall reflection (high reflection towards p-polarized radiation and low reflection towards s-polarized radiation).

[0075] The functional layer can (in all configurations) optionally contain dopants, e.g. silicon, preferably with a proportion of no more than 1 wt.%.

[0076] Unless otherwise specified, the stated layer thicknesses or thicknesses refer to the geometric thickness of a layer. If the optical thickness is meant instead, this will be explicitly stated. The optical thickness within the meaning of the invention is the product of the geometric thickness and the refractive index at 550 nm.

[0077] The refractive index is specified within the scope of the present invention with reference to a wavelength of 550 nm, unless explicitly stated otherwise. The refractive index is fundamentally independent of the measurement method. It can be determined, for example, by ellipsometry. Ellipsometers are commercially available, e.g., from Sentech.

[0078] If a first layer is arranged above a second layer, this means, according to the invention, that the first layer is arranged further away from the surface of the first glass pane (inner pane) than the second layer. If a first layer is arranged below a second layer, this means, according to the invention, that the second layer is arranged further away from the surface of the first glass pane than the first layer.

[0079] The at least one functional layer is electrically conductive. The remaining layers of the alternatively preferred reflective coating are dielectric layers. By adding metallic dopants (e.g., aluminum, boron, antimony, zirconium, or titanium), inherently dielectric materials can be provided with a certain degree of electrical conductivity. A person skilled in the art will nevertheless identify them as dielectric layers with regard to their function, as is customary in the field of thin films. The material of the dielectric layers preferably has an electrical conductivity (inverse of the resistivity) of less than 10 S / m or 8 S / m. The material of metallic layers (electrically conductive layers) preferably has an electrical conductivity greater than 10⁴ S / m. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0080] 14

[0081] If a layer of the reflective coating is based on a material, the layer consists predominantly of this material in addition to any impurities or dopants (preferably with a proportion of less than 10 wt.%, particularly preferably less than 5 wt.%).

[0082] The lower and upper blocker layers surround the at least one functional layer and protect it from corrosion, particularly during heat treatment, such as that which may occur during the manufacturing process, e.g., during tempering or bending of the coated first glass pane. According to the invention, the refractive index of the blocker layers is greater than or equal to 1.9, preferably from 1.9 to 2.5, and particularly from 1.9 to 2.3.

[0083] In an advantageous embodiment, the lower and upper blocker layers are based on a nitride. Oxides are less suitable because they can lead to oxidation of the metallic functional layer during the deposition process. The blocker layers are preferably oxide-free.

[0084] The lower and upper blocker layers are preferably based on silicon nitride, a silicon-metal mixed nitride (preferably silicon zirconium nitride, silicon titanium nitride, or silicon hafnium nitride), or aluminum nitride. Besides a suitable refractive index, these materials offer the advantage of good bendability. Silicon nitride is particularly preferred.

[0085] In an advantageous embodiment, the lower and upper blocker layers each have an optical thickness of 20 nm to 160 nm, preferably 30 nm to 120 nm. The lower blocker layer particularly preferably has an optical thickness of 30 nm to 100 nm, most preferably 30 nm to 70 nm, and more preferably 40 nm to 60 nm. The upper blocker layer particularly preferably has an optical thickness of 60 nm to 120 nm, most preferably 60 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 70 nm to 100 nm or 70 nm to 90 nm. This results in good results with regard to the corrosion protection of the functional layer and the optical properties of the reflective coating.

[0086] Blocking layers with the aforementioned optical thicknesses can be realized, for example, by layers based on silicon nitride with a refractive index of 2.0 (or other materials with this refractive index) with a thickness of 10 nm to 80 nm, preferably from 15 nm to 60 nm, and particularly preferably for the lower blocking layer from 15 nm to 50 nm, most preferably from 15 nm to 35 nm, in particular from 20 nm to 30 nm, and for the upper blocking layer from 30 nm to 60 nm, most preferably from 30 nm to 50 nm, in particular from 35 nm to 50 nm or from 35 nm to 45 nm. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0087] 15

[0088] Above the upper blocker layer, at least the optically low-refractive-index layer with a refractive index of 1.6 or less, and above that, the optically high-refractive-index layer with a refractive index of 1.9 or greater, are arranged. The optically low-refractive-index and the optically high-refractive-index layers together act as an anti-reflective module. The following may optionally be present above the high-refractive-index layer in the order specified:

[0089] - another optically low refractive index layer with a refractive index < 1.6,

[0090] - one or more further layer sequences consisting of an optically low refractive index layer with a refractive index < 1.6 and an optically high refractive index layer with a refractive index > 1.9 or

[0091] - one or more further layer sequences consisting of an optically low refractive index layer with a refractive index < 1.6 and an optically high refractive index layer with a refractive index > 1.9 and above that another optically low refractive index layer with a refractive index < 1.6.

[0092] All alternating optically low-refractive and high-refractive layers work together as an anti-reflective module.

[0093] In other words, an anti-reflective module is arranged above the upper blocker layer, comprising at least one optically low-refractive-index layer and at least one optically high-refractive-index layer. The anti-reflective module comprises a layer sequence of the type "(low-refractive-high-refractive-index)". x “ or of the type “(low refractive index - high refractive index) x -low refractive index" in the specified order starting from the upper anti-reflective layer, where x is an integer of at least (that is, greater than or equal to) 1.

[0094] The anti-reflective module, with its alternating arrangement of low-refractive-index and high-refractive-index layers, influences the optical properties of the reflective coating through optical interference effects, particularly the reflectance and reflection color. By appropriately selecting the materials and layer thicknesses, the optical properties can be tailored to the specific application requirements. Specifically, the anti-reflective module allows for adjustment of the reflectance to p-polarized and s-polarized radiation, the overall reflectance, and the ratio of reflectance to p-polarized radiation to reflectance to s-polarized radiation. This provides the anti-reflective module with a high degree of flexibility. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0095] 16

[0096] with regard to the optical properties, so that the glass manufacturer can respond very specifically to customer requests.

[0097] It has also been shown that the anti-reflective module improves the flexibility of the reflective coating. It allows the first glass pane (inner pane) with the applied reflective coating to be bent without cracks forming in the coating.

[0098] The refractive index of the at least one optically low-refractive-index layer is preferably from 1.3 to 1.6, and particularly from 1.4 to 1.6. The at least one optically low-refractive-index layer is preferably based on silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride, or calcium fluoride. Silicon oxide is particularly preferred.

[0099] The refractive index of the at least one optically high-refractive-index layer is preferably from 1.9 to 2.5, and particularly from 1.9 to 2.3. The at least one optically high-refractive-index layer is preferably based on silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, a silicon-metal mixed nitride (preferably silicon zirconium nitride, silicon titanium nitride, or silicon hafnium nitride), or aluminum nitride. Besides a suitable refractive index, these materials have the advantage of good bendability. Silicon nitride is particularly preferred.

[0100] In the simplest case, which may be preferred for manufacturing reasons, the anti-reflective modulus is a layer sequence of the type "(low refractive index - high refractive index) x“with x=1. The antireflection module thus comprises exactly one optically low-refractive-index layer and exactly one optically high-refractive-index layer, in that order starting from the upper blocker layer. In an advantageous embodiment, the optically low-refractive-index layer has an optical thickness of 5 nm to 75 nm, preferably from 15 nm to 45 nm, and particularly preferably from 17 nm to 32 nm, e.g., from 18 nm to 29 nm. In an advantageous embodiment, the optically high-refractive-index layer has an optical thickness of 10 nm to 160 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 100 nm, and particularly preferably from 20 nm to 60 nm, especially from 30 nm to 50 nm. This achieves good results with regard to the bendability and the optical properties of the reflective coating.”

[0101] Optically low-refractive-index layers with the aforementioned optical thicknesses can be realized, for example, by layers based on silicon dioxide (SiO2) with a refractive index of 1.45 and a thickness of 5 nm to 50 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 30 nm, particularly preferably from 12 nm to 22 nm, e.g., from 13 nm to 20 nm. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0102] 17

[0103] Optically high-refractive-index layers with the aforementioned optical thicknesses can be realized, for example, by layers based on silicon nitride with a refractive index of 2.0 (or other materials with this refractive index) with a thickness of 5 nm to 80 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 10 nm to 30 nm, especially from 15 nm to 25 nm.

[0104] The reflective coating can, in principle, also comprise additional layers, layers in a different sequence, or have an alternative or different structure. However, in preferred embodiments, the reflective coating consists only of the layers explicitly listed here.

[0105] The nitrides (silicon nitride, silicon-metal mixed nitride, aluminum nitride), oxides (silicon oxide), and fluorides (magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride) listed as preferred dielectric materials can be deposited stoichiometrically, substoichiometrically, or superstoichiometrically with respect to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine content, respectively. The stoichiometry generally influences the refractive index of the layer, as do any doping.

[0106] The layers of the reflective coating can contain dopants, e.g. aluminum, zirconium, titanium, boron, antimony or hafnium in the dielectric layers or silicon in the functional layer.

[0107] In an advantageous embodiment, an additional top layer is arranged above the optically high-refractive-index layer (or above the anti-reflective modulus). This top layer improves both scratch and abrasion resistance. The improvement in scratch resistance is particularly relevant when the functional layer is based on a relatively soft metal that is susceptible to scratching (especially copper, silver, gold, palladium, platinum, aluminum, indium, or tin). The improvement in abrasion resistance is always advantageous, regardless of the metal of the functional layer. The top layer is preferably the uppermost layer of the reflective coating. The top layer is preferably based on titanium oxide, titanium zirconium oxide, or silicon zirconium oxide. The top layer preferably has a thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm, and particularly preferably 2 nm to 5 nm.Such a top layer is particularly advantageous when the functional layer is based on a comparatively soft metal.

[0108] The reflective coating then comprises, in the specified order starting from the inner surface of the first glass pane: SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0109] 18

[0110] - the dielectric lower blocker layer with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.9, - at least one functional layer based on at least one metal,

[0111] - the dielectric upper blocker layer with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.9, - the optically low-refractive-index layer with a refractive index less than or equal to 1.6, - the optically high-refractive-index layer with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.9, - optionally one or more further layer sequences consisting of an optically low-refractive-index layer with a refractive index < 1.6 and an optically high-refractive-index layer with a refractive index > 1.9,

[0112] - optionally, another optically low refractive index layer with a refractive index < 1.6, - the top layer.

[0113] According to the invention, a vehicle window arrangement is shown which serves to separate a vehicle interior from the vehicle's external environment. The vehicle window arrangement comprises at least one glass pane. The vehicle window arrangement can, in principle, be designed in any way, in particular as thermally tempered single-pane safety glass or as a laminated pane.

[0114] According to a preferred embodiment, the vehicle window arrangement further comprises: a second glass pane with an outer surface and an inner surface; and

[0115] a thermoplastic intermediate layer

[0116] The inner surface of the second glass pane and the outer surface of the first glass pane are bonded together via a thermoplastic interlayer. The first glass pane can also be referred to as the inner pane, and the second as the outer pane. The surfaces or sides of the two panes are typically designated, from outside to inside, as Side I, Side II, Side III, and Side IV.

[0117] The first glass pane, the second glass pane, and the thermoplastic interlayer can be clear and colorless, or tinted or colored. The first and second glass panes can be independently untempered, partially tempered, or tempered (thermally or chemically).

[0118] The first and second glass panes are made of glass, specifically soda-lime glass, which is common for vehicle windows. However, the glass panes could also be made of other types of glass (e.g., borosilicate glass, quartz glass, aluminosilicate glass), and the use of transparent plastics (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate) would also be conceivable. The thickness of the first glass pane and SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0119] 19

[0120] The thickness of the second glass pane can vary. Preferably, glass panes with a thickness in the range of 0.8 mm to 5 mm, more preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm, are used, e.g. with the standard thicknesses of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm.

[0121] The vehicle window assembly is preferably curved in one or more spatial directions, as is common for motor vehicle windows (especially windows of passenger cars), with typical radii of curvature ranging from approximately 10 cm to approximately 40 m. Typically, the outer surface of the first glass pane has a convex curve, and the inner surface of the second glass pane has a concave curve. However, the vehicle window assembly can also be flat, for example, if it is intended as a vehicle window assembly for buses, trains, or tractors.

[0122] The thermoplastic interlayer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyurethane (PU), or mixtures, copolymers, or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The interlayer is typically formed from at least one thermoplastic film (bonding film or bonding film), preferably based on one of the aforementioned polymers, especially PVB. In the context of the invention, this means that the film contains the aforementioned material predominantly (a proportion greater than 50% by weight) and may optionally contain other components, such as plasticizers, stabilizers, or UV or IR absorbers. The thickness of the interlayer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, and particularly preferably from 0.5 mm to 1 mm.

[0123] The vehicle window assembly according to the invention, when installed in the vehicle, has an outer surface facing the external environment and an inner surface facing the vehicle interior. In the case of a vehicle window designed as a laminated window, the outer surface of the second glass pane is the outer surface of the vehicle window and the inner surface of the first glass pane is the inner surface of the vehicle window.

[0124] The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a vehicle window assembly according to one of the aforementioned embodiments, wherein at least:

[0125] a) a first glass pane with an outer surface and an inner surface is provided;

[0126] b) an opaque element is applied to the outer surface and / or the inner surface of the first pane of glass, forming an opaque masking area; and SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0127] 20

[0128] c) a reflective coating, which, viewed from a vehicle interior to an external environment, is arranged in front of the opaque element, is applied at least in the display area to the interior-side surface of the first glass pane,

[0129] where the average reflectivity of the reflective coating decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent disk edge.

[0130] According to a preferred embodiment, the procedure

[0131] a second pane of glass with an outer surface and an inner surface was provided; and

[0132] a thermoplastic intermediate layer provided

[0133] wherein the inner surface of the second glass pane and the outer surface of the first glass pane are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.

[0134] It is understood that if, according to the preferred embodiment of the method, a second glass pane and a thermoplastic intermediate layer are provided, the opaque masking area can also be formed by an opaque element such as a cover print on the outer surface or the inner surface of the second glass pane or by an opaque film in the intermediate layer.

[0135] The invention also relates to a display system for a vehicle. The display system comprises a vehicle windscreen arrangement according to the invention and at least one imaging unit which is directed towards and illuminates the display area of ​​the vehicle windscreen arrangement.

[0136] The at least one imaging unit is directed at one of the display areas of the vehicle windscreen assembly. It is located on the inside of the windscreen assembly and illuminates the assembly via the inner surface of the first glass pane. During operation of the display system, the radiation emitted by the imaging unit illuminates the display area to generate the projection or displayed image. The radiation from the imaging unit is (partially) reflected by the reflective coating towards the viewer, creating a virtual image that appears slightly behind the reflection plane (reflective coating).

[0137] The radiation from the imaging unit lies in the visible spectral range of the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly in the spectral range from 450 nm to 650 nm -SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

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[0139] Typical imaging units work with RGB colors (red, green, blue), e.g. with a wavelength of 450 to 475 nm (blue), a wavelength of 520 nm to 550 nm (green) and a wavelength of 620 to 650 nm (red).

[0140] The imaging unit is preferably a projector or a screen (“display,” electronic display). A screen is particularly preferred. In principle, any type of screen can be used for the display system according to the invention, e.g., a field emission display (FED), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a thin-film transistor display (TFT-LCD), a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a plasma display, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a (true) LED display, or a surface conduction electron emitter display (SED). OLED and LCD screens are particularly common.

[0141] In projectors, the beam direction can typically be varied using mirrors, particularly vertically, to adjust the projection to the viewer's height. Screens can be mounted on a swivel, allowing the beam direction (especially vertically) to be varied to adjust the projection to the viewer's height. The area in which the viewer's eyes must be positioned for a given beam direction is called the "eyebox window." This eyebox window can be shifted vertically by adjusting the projector's mirrors or by changing the orientation of the screen (if it is mounted on a swivel), with the entire accessible area (i.e., the superposition of all possible eyebox windows) being called the eyebox. A viewer located within the eyebox can perceive the virtual image.This means, of course, that the viewer's eyes must be within the eyebox, not their entire body. The technical terms used here from the field of HUDs are generally familiar to experts. For a detailed explanation, please refer to the dissertation "Simulation-Based Measurement Technology for Testing Head-Up Displays" by Alexander Neumann at the Institute of Computer Science, Technical University of Munich (Munich: University Library of the Technical University of Munich, 2012), in particular to Chapter 2: "The Head-Up Display".

[0142] It is possible to use multiple imaging units, with each unit illuminating only a portion of the display area. This can be particularly useful for very large display areas, for example, if the display area is to extend along the entire lower edge of the vehicle's windscreen assembly. In this case, several adjacent imaging units (e.g., screens) can be used, with the entire display area being illuminated by all of them. The display area can then be conceptually divided into several sections.

[0143] 22

[0144] Display areas are divided, with each sub-display area being assigned to exactly one imaging unit and being illuminated by it.

[0145] In an advantageous embodiment, the display system is operated with p-polarized radiation, as described above. The imaging unit irradiates the display area with p-polarized radiation. This means that the radiation from the at least one imaging unit has a p-polarized component, preferably is predominantly p-polarized, i.e., has a p-polarized component of more than 50%, particularly preferably at least 80%, and most preferably at least 95%. The radiation is, in particular, essentially purely p-polarized—the p-polarized component is therefore 100% or deviates only insignificantly from this. The polarization direction is specified as the plane of incidence of the radiation on the vehicle's windscreen assembly. P-polarized radiation is defined as radiation whose electric field oscillates in the plane of incidence.S-polarized radiation is defined as radiation whose electric field oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence. The plane of incidence is defined by the incidence vector and the surface normal of the vehicle's display array at a point within the display area, preferably at the geometric center of the display area. If multiple imaging units are used, each illuminating a sub-area of ​​the display area (sub-display area), this applies to the sub-display area illuminated by each imaging unit, independently of the other imaging units. Due to the curvature of vehicle displays, which affects the plane of incidence and thus the definition of polarization, the polarization components (especially the ratio of p-polarized to s-polarized radiation or vice versa) can differ from this reference point at other locations.To generate the desired polarized radiation, a polarization filter or a polarizing beam splitter can be placed in the beam path between the imaging unit and the vehicle windscreen assembly, if the imaging unit does not already provide radiation of the desired polarization direction.

[0146] The angle of incidence of the radiation on the vehicle window assembly is preferably from 45° to 70°, particularly preferably from 60° to 70°, e.g., approximately 65°. These angles of incidence deviate only slightly from Brewster's angle. The Brewster's angle for an air-glass interface in the case of soda-lime glass, which is commonly used for window panes, is 57.2° (with a refractive index of soda-lime glass of 1.55 at a wavelength of 550 nm). The angle of incidence can also be referred to as the angle of incidence. It is the angle between the incident vector of the radiation and the interior surface normal (i.e., the SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT).

[0147] 23

[0148] The surface normal to the inner surface of the first glass pane (or inner pane) is determined at a point in the display area, preferably at the geometric center of the display area. If several imaging units are used, each illuminating a sub-area of ​​the display area (sub-display area), this applies to the sub-display area illuminated by each imaging unit, independently of the other imaging units. If the angle of incidence corresponds exactly to the Brewster angle, only s-polarized radiation is reflected, not p-polarized radiation. In an advantageous embodiment, the angle of incidence deviates from the Brewster angle by at most 10°.

[0149] The advantage of p-polarized radiation and the preferred angle of incidence is, for example, that the displayed image is recognizable for wearers of polarization-selective sunglasses, which typically only allow p-polarized radiation to pass through and block s-polarized radiation.

[0150] The invention further relates to the use of the vehicle window arrangement according to one of the aforementioned embodiments as a vehicle windscreen, as a vehicle side window, as a vehicle roof window and / or as a vehicle rear window.

[0151] The invention further comprises the use of a vehicle windscreen arrangement according to the invention as a projection surface for a display system in a vehicle, wherein at least one imaging unit is directed onto one of the display areas. The preferred embodiments described above apply accordingly to the use.

[0152] The invention further comprises a vehicle equipped with the vehicle display arrangement or the display system according to the invention. The vehicle can be a land, air, or water vehicle. Preferably, the vehicle is a motor vehicle, rail vehicle, aircraft, or ship, in particular a passenger car or truck.

[0153] The invention further comprises the use of a display system according to the invention in a vehicle on land, water or in the air, preferably a motor vehicle, rail vehicle, aircraft or ship, in particular a passenger car or truck. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

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[0155] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing and exemplary embodiments. The drawing is a schematic representation and not to scale. The drawing does not limit the invention in any way.

[0156] They show:

[0157] Fig. 1 shows a top view of a generic vehicle disc arrangement,

[0158] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through the vehicle disc arrangement from Figure 1 in a generic display system,

[0159] Fig. 3 shows a cross-section through an embodiment of the vehicle disc arrangement according to the invention,

[0160] Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of section Z from Figure 3,

[0161] Figs. 5a-5f show a greatly enlarged top view of the reflective coating,

[0162] Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention based on a flowchart.

[0163] Figure 1 shows a top view of an exemplary example of a vehicle window arrangement 10, namely the windshield of a passenger car. Figure 2 shows a cross-section through the windshield from Figure 1, which functions as a projection surface in a generic display system.

[0164] The display system comprises the vehicle windscreen assembly 10 and an imaging unit 4, which is directed onto a display area A of the vehicle windscreen assembly 10. Images can be generated in display area A by the imaging unit 4, which are perceived as virtual images by a viewer (vehicle driver, schematically represented as an "eye") when their eyes are located within the so-called "eyebox" E.

[0165] The vehicle windscreen assembly 10 consists of a first glass pane 2 and a second glass pane 1, which are bonded together via a thermoplastic interlayer 3. Its lower edge 10.2 faces downwards towards the engine of the passenger car, and its upper edge 10.1 faces upwards towards the roof. The second glass pane 1 faces an external environment when installed, while the first glass pane 2 faces a vehicle interior. The first glass pane 2 and the second glass pane 1 are made of soda-lime glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm for the second glass pane 1 and 1.6 mm for the first glass pane 2. The interlayer 3 is made of a 0.76 mm thick PVB film. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0166] 25

[0167] For the sake of simplicity, the vehicle windscreen arrangement 10 is shown as planar, although real windscreens typically have a spherical curvature.

[0168] The second glass pane 1 has an outer surface I facing the external environment and an inner surface II facing the vehicle interior. Similarly, the first glass pane 2 has an outer surface III facing the external environment and an inner surface IV facing the vehicle interior.

[0169] The vehicle window assembly 10 has an opaque masking area M, which is arranged in a circumferential edge region and surrounds a transparent viewing area D in a frame-like manner. Such masking areas M are common in vehicle windows – they primarily serve to protect the adhesive used to bond the vehicle window assembly 10 to the vehicle body from UV radiation.

[0170] Display area A is located in the masking area M between the viewing area D and the lower edge 10.2. Such a display system can also be referred to as a "black-print display." This display area A serves to show information for the vehicle occupants. This can include, in particular, vehicle status information (for example, the vehicle speed or a fuel gauge), navigation instructions (for example, speed limits or directions), or the image from a rear-facing camera. Entertainment content can also be displayed (e.g., films, internet data, or computer games), especially on the passenger side.

[0171] The imaging unit 4 is, for example, an LCD screen. Since the display area A is relatively large and extends along most of the lower edge 10.2, multiple such imaging units 4 are typically used, with each imaging unit 4 illuminating a portion of the display area A. The imaging unit 4 illuminates the display area A with an angle of incidence α, which is measured relative to the interior surface normal of the first glass pane 2. The angle of incidence α is, for example, 65°, which is relatively close to Brewster's angle (approximately 57° for an air-soda-lime glass interface). The radiation from the imaging unit 4 is p-polarized; therefore, it is hardly reflected by the glass surfaces.

[0172] To generate the display image, the vehicle windscreen assembly 10 in display area A is equipped with a reflective coating 20, which is not shown in the figure for the sake of simplicity. The reflective coating 20 reflects the p-polarized radiation from the imaging unit 4 to generate the display image. Since it is the only significant SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0173] 26

[0174] By representing a reflective interface, a clear display image is produced without (or with only very low intensity) ghosting.

[0175] Figures 3 and 4 each show a detail of a vehicle window assembly 10 according to the invention, preferably used for a display system as shown in Figure 2. The vehicle window assembly 10 comprises a second glass pane 1 (soda-lime glass, 2.1 mm) and a first glass pane 2 (soda-lime glass, 1.6 mm), which are connected to each other via the thermoplastic interlayer 3 (PVB, 0.76 mm). The masking area M is formed by an opaque element 5 (e.g., a black cover print) on the inner surface II of the second glass pane 1. The cover print consists of an enamel with glass frits and a black pigment, which is applied by screen printing and subsequently fired into the pane surface. On the inner surface IV of the first glass pane 2, the reflective coating 20 is arranged in an area that includes at least the display area A.

[0176] The reflective coating 20 consists, for example, of

[0177] - a lower blocker layer 21 ,

[0178] - a functional layer 22,

[0179] - an upper blocker layer 23,

[0180] - an optically low refractive index layer 24.1 and

[0181] - an optically high refractive index layer 24.2,

[0182] which are deposited in the specified order starting from the interior surface IV on the first glass pane 2, in particular sputtered.

[0183] The functional layer 22 is, for example, based on a nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr) or on niobium (Nb). It is electrically conductive and exhibits reflective properties. The functional layer 22 imparts its reflectivity to the reflective coating 20.

[0184] The lower blocker layer 21 and the upper blocker layer 23 are dielectric layers based on silicon nitride (SisN^). They have a refractive index of 2.0. The blocker layers 21 and 23 protect the functional layer 22 from corrosion during the manufacturing process.

[0185] The optically low refractive index layer 24.1 is a dielectric layer based on silicon dioxide (SiO2). It has a refractive index of 1.45. The optically high refractive index layer 24.2 is a dielectric layer based on silicon nitride (SiSN). It has a refractive index of 2.0. The optically low refractive index layer 24.1 and the optically high refractive index layer 24.2 are SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0186] 27

[0187] The high-refractive-index layer 24.2 forms an antireflection module 24. The antireflection module 24 makes the reflective coating 20 flexible, allowing it to be applied to the flat first glass pane 2 and then bent together with it. The antireflection module also allows the optical properties of the reflective coating 20 to be adjusted based on optical interference effects, in particular the reflectance towards s-polarized and p-polarized radiation, the overall reflectance, and the reflection color.

[0188] Figures 5a-5f show examples of the reflective coating 20 designed according to the invention with a reflectivity gradient, each in a top view of the interior surface IV of the first glass pane 2.

[0189] Figure 5a shows (greatly magnified) a transition between the opaque masking area M and the transparent area D of the vehicle windscreen assembly 10. In the masking area M, a fully formed section of the reflective coating 20 is initially visible, followed by a point-like section of the reflective coating 20. As can be seen, due to its point-like nature, the average reflectivity of the reflective coating 20 decreases with increasing distance from the nearest windscreen edge, namely the lower windscreen edge 10.2, towards the center of the windscreen (at the top in the example shown).

[0190] Compared to conventional solutions, where the reflective coating 20 is typically intended to overlap precisely with the underlying masking area M at its end facing the center of the glass, the manufacturability of the vehicle windshield assembly can be improved. Specifically, the reflectivity gradient of the reflective coating 20 creates a certain tolerance in its arrangement, since its end facing the center of the glass is not visually perceived as a line or edge, but rather is rendered invisible or at least less perceptible to the human eye by the gradient. Overall, this can, for example, reduce the effort required for positioning the reflective coating 20 during the manufacturing of the vehicle windshield assembly and improve the overall visual appearance of the assembly. Furthermore, the reflectivity gradient can, for example,can also be used specifically for information display in the display area, e.g. to display a graphic element with a "soft" or flowing transition into the viewthrough area D.

[0191] Figure 5b shows another example of the vehicle window arrangement 10 according to the invention, namely again in a top view of the interior surface IV of the first glass pane SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0192] 28

[0193] 2. The reflective coating 20 is again divided into a region with constant reflectivity and a region with a reflectivity gradient. Compared to Figure 5a, the point-like section of the reflective coating 20 has a higher overall average reflectivity, but its transition extends over a comparatively shorter distance (measured orthogonally to the lower edge of the disk 10.2).

[0194] Figure 5c shows another example of the vehicle window arrangement 10 with a section-wise linear reflective coating 20. As can be seen in Figure 5c, its average reflectivity decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent window edge, in the example shown the latter being the lower window edge 10.2.

[0195] Figure 5d shows another example of the vehicle window arrangement 10 according to the invention, namely a combination of a sectionally linear and sectionally point-shaped reflective coating 20.

[0196] Figure 5e shows another example of the vehicle windscreen assembly 10 according to the invention. In this assembly, both the masking area M formed by the opaque element 5 and the reflective coating 20 printed on the interior surface IV of the first glass pane 2 have a gradient. As is quite common in vehicle windscreens, the masking area M is designed with a point-like transition, which creates a visual connection between the planar masking area M arranged at the lower edge 10.2 of the pane and the viewing area D. In the example shown, the point-like reflective coating 20 completely overlaps the point-like opaque element 5. On the one hand, this improves the manufacturability of the vehicle windscreen assembly 10; on the other hand, the visual transition from the opaque element 5 can be, for example,It may be advantageous in terms of the overall visual effect from the outside.

[0197] Figure 5f shows another example of the vehicle windscreen arrangement 10 according to the invention. In this arrangement, the reflective coating 20 is constructed, for example, as shown in Figure 4, and the thickness of the functional layer 22 of the reflective coating 20 decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent windscreen edge, which in the example shown is the lower windscreen edge 10.2. Due to the decrease in the thickness of the functional layer 22, the average reflectivity of the reflective coating 20 decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent windscreen edge 10.2. Thus, a reflectivity gradient is formed. Compared to conventional solutions, where the SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0198] 29

[0199] Since the reflective coating 20 is typically intended to overlap precisely with the underlying masking area M at its end facing the center of the glass, the manufacturability of the vehicle glass assembly can be improved accordingly. Specifically, the reflectivity gradient of the reflective coating 20 creates a certain tolerance in its arrangement, as its end facing the center of the glass is not visually perceived as a line or edge, but rather is rendered invisible or at least less perceptible to the human eye due to the gradient. Overall, this can, for example, reduce the effort required for positioning the reflective coating 20 during the manufacturing of the vehicle glass assembly and improve the overall visual appearance of the vehicle glass assembly. Furthermore, the reflectivity gradient can also be used selectively for information display in the display area, e.g.,To represent a graphic element with a "soft" or flowing transition into the transparent area D. In Fig. 5f, the decrease in the thickness of the functional layer 22 of the reflective coating 20 is simplified by three areas with different hatching density. It is understood that the decrease in the thickness of the functional layer 22 can be non-linear, as shown in Fig. 5f, or alternatively linear.

[0200] Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the inventive method for manufacturing a vehicle disc arrangement 10 according to the invention by means of a flowchart, wherein at least

[0201] P1) a first glass pane 2 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV is provided;

[0202] P2) an opaque element 5 is applied to the outer surface III or the inner surface IV of the first glass pane 2, which forms an opaque masking area M; and

[0203] P3) a reflective coating 20, which, viewed in a direction from a vehicle interior to an external environment, is arranged in front of the opaque element 5, is applied at least in the display area A on the interior-side surface IV of the first glass pane 2,

[0204] wherein the mean reflectivity of the reflective coating 20 decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent disk edge 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT

[0205] 30 Reference sign list

[0206] 1 second pane of glass

[0207] 2 first glass pane

[0208] 3 thermoplastic intermediate layer

[0209] 4 imaging unit

[0210] 5 opaque elements

[0211] 10 Vehicle window arrangement

[0212] 10.1 upper edge of disc, top edge

[0213] 10.2 lower edge of disc, bottom edge

[0214] 10.3 Disc edge

[0215] 10.4 Disc edge

[0216] 20 Reflective coating

[0217] 21 lower blocker layer

[0218] 22 Functional layer

[0219] 23 upper blocker layer

[0220] 24 Anti-reflective module

[0221] 24.1 Optically low refractive index layer of the anti-reflective module 24 24.2 Optically high refractive index layer of the anti-reflective module 24

[0222] D Viewing area

[0223] M masking area

[0224] A Display area of ​​the vehicle window arrangement 10

[0225] E Eyebox

[0226] a angle of incidence

[0227] I outer surface of the second glass pane 1

[0228] 11 Interior surface of the second glass pane 1 III Exterior surface of the first glass pane 2

[0229] IV Interior surface of the first glass pane 2

[0230] XX' Intersection line

[0231] Z enlarged section

Claims

SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055-WO-PCT 31 Claims 1. Vehicle windscreen assembly (10) with a transparent viewing area (D) and an opaque masking area (M) formed by an opaque element (5), wherein a display area (A) for displaying information is provided in the opaque masking area (M), the vehicle windscreen assembly (10) comprising: a first glass pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV); and a reflective coating (20) which, viewed from a vehicle interior to an external environment, is arranged in front of the opaque element (5) and is applied at least in the display area (A) to the interior surface (IV) of the first glass pane (2), wherein the mean reflectivity of the reflective coating (20) decreases with increasing distance from a nearest pane edge (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4).

2. Vehicle window arrangement (10) according to claim 1, wherein the area fraction of the reflective coating (20) in relation to the underlying interior surface (IV) of the first glass pane (2) decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent pane edge (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4).

3. Vehicle window arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflective coating (20) has at least one functional layer (22) based on at least one metal and the thickness of the at least one functional layer (22) decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent window edge (10.1 , 10.2, 10.3, 10.4).

4. Vehicle window arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reflective coating (20) is a p-polarized radiation reflecting coating.

5. Vehicle window arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reflective coating (20) is formed in a point-like manner in sections and / or wherein the reflective coating (20) is formed in a line-like manner in sections.

6. Vehicle window arrangement (10) according to claim 5, wherein a mean point diameter of the point-shaped reflective coating (20) and / or SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT 32 a mean line thickness of the linearly formed reflective coating (20) decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent disk edge (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4).

7. Vehicle window arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reflective coating (20) projects at least partially into the viewing area (D) of the vehicle window arrangement (10).

8. Vehicle window arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reflective coating (20) comprises at least one functional layer (22) which is formed from: a nickel-chromium alloy, Niobium, or Chrome, and which is optionally provided with at least one dielectric layer and / or an anti-reflective coating.

9. Vehicle window arrangement (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reflective coating (20) comprises in the specified order, starting from the interior surface (IV) of the first glass pane (2): a dielectric lower blocker layer (21) with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.9, at least one functional layer (22) based on at least one metal, a dielectric upper blocker layer (23) with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.9, an optically low refractive index layer (24.1) with a refractive index of less than or equal to 1.6, an optically high refractive index layer (24.2) with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.

9.

10. Vehicle disc arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: a second glass pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II); and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3), SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055- WO-PCT 33 wherein the inner surface (II) of the second glass pane (1) and the outer surface (III) of the first glass pane (2) are connected to each other via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (3).

11. Method for manufacturing a vehicle window assembly (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein at least: a) a first glass pane (2) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV) is provided; b) an opaque element (5) is applied to the outer surface (III) or the inner surface (IV) of the first glass pane (2), forming an opaque masking area (M); and c) a reflective coating (20), which is arranged in front of the opaque element (5) when viewed from a vehicle interior to an external environment, is applied at least in the display area (A) on the interior surface (IV) of the first glass pane (2), wherein the mean reflectivity of the reflective coating (20) decreases with increasing distance from the nearest adjacent pane edge (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4).

12. Method according to claim 11, wherein a second glass pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II) is provided; and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3) is provided, wherein the inner surface (II) of the second glass pane (1) and the outer surface (III) of the first glass pane (2) are connected to each other via a thermoplastic intermediate layer (3).

13. Display system for a vehicle, comprising: a vehicle window arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10; and at least one imaging unit (4), wherein the imaging unit (4) is directed towards and illuminates the display area (A).

14. Display system according to claim 13, wherein the imaging unit (4) irradiates the display area (A) with p-polarized radiation at an angle of incidence (a) of 60° to 70°. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2025055-WO-PCT 34 15. Use of the vehicle window arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 as a vehicle windscreen, as a vehicle side window, as a vehicle roof window and / or as a vehicle rear window.

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