Signal transmitter for an autonomous vehicle for communicating a vehicle state to external observers

Abstract

The application relates to a signal transmitter for an autonomous vehicle for communicating a vehicle state to external observers, the signal transmitter comprising: a housing (9); a first output unit (3) for outputting visual signals; a second output unit (5) for outputting acoustic signals; a signal generator; and a detection means for detecting a lack of functionality or partial functionality of the first output unit. If a malfunction is identified, an error signal can be output to a higher-level control device and / or via the second output unit. If there is partial functionality, the first output unit can generate emergency lighting.

Description

[0001] patent application

[0002] Kurt Oelsch GmbH remote control devices

[0003] Jahnstraße 68 + 70

[0004] 12347 Berlin

[0005] Signal transmitter for an autonomous vehicle to communicate a vehicle status to external observers

[0006] Technical field

[0007] The invention relates to a signal transmitter comprising:

[0008] a case,

[0009] a first output unit integrated into the housing for the output of visual signals,

[0010] a second output unit integrated into the housing for the output of acoustic signals,

[0011] a signal generator for outputting a signal to the first output unit and / or second output unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a signal transmitter.

[0013] Description

[0014] These types of signaling devices are used, among other things, to indicate the operating status of technical equipment such as machines, systems, or vehicles. Their primary function is to visually and audibly signal malfunctions or operating conditions so that operating personnel can react quickly. Additionally, these signaling devices can indicate conditions that pose potential hazards to the environment or people.

[0015] The housing of a signal transmitter is typically a separate enclosure that can be attached to machines or systems, for example, via detachable connections. The integration of two output units enables effective signaling through visual and acoustic means, thereby increasing the attention of those around the device, even under challenging perceptual conditions. A signal transmitter housing can have various designs. For example, the housing can be a column and / or be modular, composed of different modules. Furthermore, the signal generator of a signal transmitter can include a data processing unit, which may contain a processor, memory, and / or a communication unit. The signal generator can also be understood as, or include, a controller.Furthermore, a signal generator can also convert digital signals into analog signals (and / or vice versa).

[0016] With regard to autonomous vehicles, it is important to inform the surrounding area about the current operating status of these vehicles. This information can significantly improve interaction between autonomous vehicles themselves, as well as between autonomous vehicles and pedestrians or other road users. Autonomous vehicles are also increasingly being used on construction sites and in agriculture. On construction sites, in particular, for safety reasons, people near the machinery must know exactly what the autonomous vehicle is doing. The situation is similar in agriculture, where agricultural machinery operates autonomously, and people nearby must always be informed about its operating status to prevent accidents.

[0017] Therefore, there is a need to extend autonomous vehicles in such a way that suitable and reliable communication with external observers is enabled.

[0018] State of the art

[0019] European patent EP 3 121 798 Bl describes modular display units that can be assembled in various configurations to provide visual and acoustic signals in industrial and commercial environments. These units consist of several modules connected in series, containing LED lights and / or acoustic signaling elements, and featuring a switching module for individual control of each module.

[0020] However, such a modular display unit is not suitable for use in an autonomous vehicle. Autonomous vehicles are exposed to environmental influences such as rain, snow, extreme temperatures, and vibrations. The modular display unit is not designed for such conditions and could therefore become unreliable.

[0021] German patent application DE 10 2005 046 545 A1 describes a signaling device, in particular a signal tower, for indicating the operating states of technical equipment. This signaling device is characterized by a multifunctional mounting device that can accommodate both electrical lighting elements such as incandescent lamps and electronic carriers such as printed circuit boards. The printed circuit board can include a sound generator, such as a horn or a loudspeaker.

[0022] While such a signaling device can generally be used for vehicles, autonomous vehicles in particular have especially high requirements for safety and reliability, meaning that the disclosed signaling device for a manually operated vehicle cannot be readily adapted for an autonomously driving vehicle.

[0023] A further problem arises with regard to the aforementioned disclosures of the prior art when a signal generator (unexpectedly for an external observer) does not produce a signal output. In such cases, it is unclear to external observers whether the machine equipped with this signal generator is in pause mode or switched off, has a defect, or whether the signal generator itself is faulty. Thus, external observers cannot rely on the signal generators according to the prior art, particularly in such situations.

[0024] Furthermore, a machine equipped with a signal transmitter has no way of switching to a suitable operating mode if the signal transmitter no longer provides reliable outputs, as no information value can be derived to indicate this.

[0025] Disclosure of the invention

[0026] The object of the invention was to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and, in particular, to provide an improved signal transmitter that meets high requirements for safety and reliability.

[0027] The problem according to the invention is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims. According to the invention, the problem is further solved in particular by the fact that a signal transmitter of the type mentioned at the outset comprises a detection means for detecting a malfunction or partial functionality of the first output unit and is further configured such that it is suitable for an autonomous vehicle to communicate a vehicle state to external observers.

[0028] The signal generator according to the invention can, for example, indicate whether an autonomous vehicle is driving in autonomous mode, whether it is stopped, or whether it has come to a standstill due to a technical malfunction. A visual output can be provided via the first output unit, with a specific color representing a particular state, while an acoustic signal can be emitted simultaneously via the second output unit. The ability to detect the functionality or partial functionality of the first output unit via a detection means allows for an appropriate response, thus ensuring the reliability of the signal generator for external observers. One possible response could be for the second output unit to emit an acoustic signal, indicating to external observers that the first output unit is defective and that particular caution is required in the vicinity of the autonomous vehicle.

[0029] Another possible response could be to provide the autonomous vehicle with information about the signal generator's defect. The vehicle could then be put into a pause mode and only resume autonomous operation once the signal generator has been repaired. This would increase safety, as the autonomous vehicle would not continue driving with a faulty initial output unit.

[0030] The detection method can be implemented as follows, for example. A voltage source is applied to the first output unit. A series resistor is used, for instance, to ensure that the current flowing through the first output unit remains within its specifications. This protects the first output unit from overload and premature failure. Once the voltage source is applied, the voltage across the first output unit can be measured. A functioning first output unit should exhibit a characteristic forward voltage. An intact and functioning first output unit shows a significant voltage drop because it conducts current and emits light.However, if the first output unit is defective, for example due to an internal short circuit or an open circuit, no voltage drop may be detectable, or the measured voltage may be unusually high or low. The measured voltage drop can be used to assess whether the first output unit is functioning or not. No voltage drop or a very low voltage drop may indicate a defective first output unit.

[0031] In general, a detection device can also be described as a system comprising one or more sensors, such as optical sensors, and a data processing unit. These sensors can be strategically placed on or near the first output unit to continuously monitor its functional status. The data processing unit analyzes the data acquired by the sensors and thereby detects a malfunction or partial functionality of the first output unit.

[0032] The suitability of the signal transmitter for autonomous vehicles to communicate a vehicle's status to external observers can contribute to increased road safety, for example, when used with road-legal vehicles. The signal transmitter can make it easier for pedestrians and human drivers to understand the intentions and maneuvers of the autonomous vehicle more intuitively and transparently, thus preventing misunderstandings and accidents. Furthermore, in the case of agricultural machinery, construction vehicles, tractors, or similar vehicles, the occupational safety of people in the vicinity can be improved. The signal transmitter can inform the surroundings about the status and intentions of the autonomous vehicle. By using visual signals from the first output unit and acoustic signals from the second output unit, different vehicle states can be communicated clearly and unambiguously.

[0033] Since the exemplary signal transmitter is suitable for autonomous vehicles, it is robust against weather conditions. The housing material can, for example, be made of corrosion-resistant material. Furthermore, the signal transmitter can be designed to withstand temperatures from -40 °C to +70 °C.

[0034] It is understood that the invention may, in a further aspect, relate to an autonomous vehicle which has the signal transmitter described in various embodiments according to the invention. The autonomous vehicle may be selected from the group comprising (but not limited to): passenger cars, trucks, tractors, agricultural machinery, construction vehicles, ambulances, buses, motorhomes, and special-purpose vehicles.

[0035] Furthermore, for the purposes of the invention, an external observer can be a person, but also a camera and / or other technical device.

[0036] A vehicle state within the meaning of the invention refers, for example, to an operating state of an autonomous vehicle. The vehicle state includes, for example, states such as (but not limited to): The vehicle is in autonomous driving mode. The vehicle is stopped. The vehicle is stopped due to a technical malfunction.

[0037] In one exemplary embodiment, the signal transmitter comprises a processor-controlled controller, which can be in data communication (wired or wireless) with a higher-level control unit via a communication unit. This higher-level control unit could, for example, be the control unit of an autonomous vehicle or a smartphone. The signal transmitter's controller can be in direct data communication with the higher-level control unit.

[0038] The controller can receive input signals from the higher-level control unit to generate signals for the first and / or second output unit. This enables centralized control and coordination of signaling. Furthermore, it allows for synchronized and situation-dependent signaling.

[0039] Furthermore, the controller can also send output signals to the higher-level control unit regarding the malfunction or partial functionality of the first output unit. This feature enables centralized monitoring and diagnostics, thereby optimizing system maintenance.

[0040] For example, the controller comprises a data processing unit with a processor, a memory, and a communication unit, and can be housed within a casing. The controller can function as a signal generator or detection device and / or include a signal generator or a detection device. It is understood that the higher-level control unit can also comprise a data processing unit with a processor, a memory, and a communication unit. In another exemplary embodiment, the controller is configured to output an error signal to a higher-level control unit and / or to output an audible error signal via the second output unit in the event of a malfunction of the first output unit.

[0041] Outputting a fault signal to a higher-level control unit when the first output unit malfunctions enables a rapid response to system errors and minimizes downtime. The ability to output an audible fault signal via the second output unit ensures that a warning is issued even if the visual signals fail, thus increasing safety. Furthermore, it can indicate that a visual signal has failed. This allows vehicle occupants to hear the audible signal and take corrective action. External observers can also be alerted, becoming particularly attentive as they can see that the signal generator or the associated autonomous vehicle is not transmitting a visual output signal.

[0042] In another exemplary embodiment, the control system is configured to control the first output unit in such a way that it outputs emergency lighting if the first output unit is only partially functional. Furthermore, the control system can be configured to output an error signal to a higher-level control unit and / or to output an audible error signal via the second output unit.

[0043] Controlling the primary output unit for emergency lighting in cases of partial functionality ensures the visibility of the signaling device despite its limited operation. Partial functionality of an output unit with multiple light elements might manifest, for example, as one light element being defective while the others remain fully functional. In this case, the output unit is controlled so that the functioning light elements shine more brightly, thus overpowering the defective one. Alternatively, the functioning light elements can emit a specific error signal, such as a flashing pattern, to visually indicate to external observers and / or occupants that the signaling device has only a partially functional primary output unit.

[0044] Emergency lighting can be designed to ensure the visibility and recognizability of the signaling device under restricted conditions. This can be achieved by increasing the intensity of the remaining functional lighting elements. This ensures, in particular, that the signaling device remains effectively visible even with partial functionality. Furthermore, the emergency lighting can be designed so that a fault in the primary output unit is visualized by a specific light signal from the functional lighting elements, making it easily recognizable by external observers or occupants of the autonomous vehicle. This allows appropriate measures to be taken to rectify the fault or to exercise caution, as the signaling device cannot be relied upon.

[0045] Outputting an acoustic fault signal via the second output unit when the first output unit is only partially functional ensures that information about a fault in the first output unit is also transmitted to external observers or the occupants of the autonomous vehicle via an additional communication channel. This increases the reliability of the signal generator, as the probability of such a fault being detected and rectified by external observers or occupants of the autonomous vehicle increases. Furthermore, external observers can rely more heavily on the signal from the generator.

[0046] It may be designed so that the functionality of the first output unit is independent of the functionality of the second output unit. This allows the signal transmitter to continue communicating important information even if one of the units is only partially functional or has failed.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, the signal transmitter features an interface for detachable mounting to an autonomous vehicle. Providing this interface simplifies installation and maintenance, as the transmitter can be quickly mounted or dismounted as needed. The interface ensures high compatibility with various vehicle types and models, thus promoting the universal applicability of the signal transmitter. The interface can be electromechanical. A purely mechanical interface provides a mechanical connection to the vehicle, while an electromechanical interface additionally provides electrical connections for power or data cables. This ensures both a secure mounting and the necessary electrical connectivity for the system's functionality.The interface can, for example, have an electrical connection in the form of a 5-pin M12 connector. This connector comprises, for example, five pins with the following assignments: Pin 1 for +24 V, Pin 2 for 0 V, Pin 3 for CAN H, Pin 4 for CAN L, and Pin 5 unused (nc). An external thread, or, when using a flange socket, an internal thread, ensures that the interface can be attached to a counterpart on the vehicle, thus guaranteeing a secure connection. Additionally, the standardized pinout allows for easy integration into existing vehicle networks. The connector's design ensures a reliable connection.

[0048] The interface can have form-fitting and / or force-fitting connecting elements, independent of the plug or electrical connection, which detachably attach the housing to the autonomous vehicle.

[0049] In one exemplary embodiment, the first output unit comprises at least one LED array. The use of an LED array in the first output unit enables uniform and bright light distribution, resulting in improved visibility of the signaling device. Implementing an LED array optimizes the energy efficiency of the signaling device. An LED array offers a longer lifespan and higher reliability, leading to reduced maintenance costs and downtime of the signaling device. For example, the LED array comprises a large number of diodes. If at least one diode fails, the remaining functional diodes can increase the light intensity via the controller to provide emergency lighting. The LED array's ability to increase the light intensity of the remaining diodes in the event of a diode failure ensures continuous operation of the signaling device and increases operational reliability.By adjusting the light intensity, the failure of individual diodes can be compensated for, resulting in consistent signal quality even under suboptimal conditions. The emergency lighting function contributes to safety by ensuring that the signaling device continues to emit recognizable signals even in the event of partial failures.

[0050] Regarding the detection method, a voltage source can be applied to the diodes, and a series resistor can ensure that the current remains within its specifications. After applying the voltage source, the voltage across the diode can be measured. A functioning diode should exhibit a characteristic forward voltage, which typically varies between 1.8 volts and 3.3 volts for standard LEDs, depending on the diode's material and color. In the case of a defect, such as an internal short circuit or an open circuit, no voltage drop or an atypical one may be detectable. The measured voltage drop allows for an assessment of the diode's functionality. No voltage drop or a very low voltage drop may indicate a defective diode.

[0051] An LED array can contain diodes of different colors: for example, red, green, white, blue, or yellow. Diodes with a lifespan of over 100,000 hours are used, for example.

[0052] In another exemplary embodiment, two diodes of the LED array can be arranged under a common lens. By grouping several diodes of different colors, which are never emitted simultaneously (e.g., red and green), under one lens, the overall size of the signal transmitter can be reduced, thus also lowering the costs.

[0053] The individual diodes in an LED array can be arranged at an angle to the vertical or relative to the longitudinal axis of the proposed signaling device. By defining the angle, together with the appropriate lens, the vertical beam pattern can be adapted to comply with applicable regulations. For example, a diode can be aligned at an angle between 3° and 15°, preferably between 5° and 10°, and particularly around 8°. This arrangement can improve the light distribution, resulting in more uniform and wider illumination and increasing the visibility of the signaling device from various viewing angles. Furthermore, the efficiency of the signaling device is optimized, as the light can be used more precisely, thus reducing scattering losses.

[0054] In another exemplary embodiment, the signal transmitter housing is designed in the form of a column. The first output unit can be located in the upper half of the column relative to its overall height. The second output unit, on the other hand, can be located in the lower half of the column relative to its overall height. The column-shaped design of the housing allows for a clear separation of the output units, resulting in optimized signal perception. Positioning the first output unit in the upper half of the column increases the visibility of the signal transmitter. Arranging the second output unit in the lower half of the column ensures balanced use of the housing and contributes to a favorable center of gravity for the signal transmitter.

[0055] The housing can be made from a material from the following group (but is not limited to): aluminum, plastic (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, or ABS), stainless steel, glass-fiber reinforced plastic, or carbon fiber. The housing can also comprise a combination of the aforementioned materials. For example, aluminum is used for the housing. Aluminum is a lightweight material and inherently corrosion-resistant, which ensures the housing's durability in various environments. This corrosion resistance can be further enhanced by anodizing, which creates a protective oxide layer that improves resistance to weathering and abrasion. Finally, aluminum offers good thermal conductivity, which helps to efficiently dissipate the heat generated by the internal components, thus preventing overheating.

[0056] The housing can also consist of various parts. For example, the first output unit can be concealed and protected by a transparent element. This transparent element can be made of materials such as tempered glass or transparent plastic (e.g., polycarbonate, acrylic, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)), which offer high impact resistance and weather resistance. These materials protect the internal components from external influences without impairing light transmission or signal effectiveness.

[0057] Furthermore, part of the housing, for example the base of a column-shaped housing, can be made of plastic, making it more suitable for mounting on an autonomous vehicle.

[0058] A column-shaped housing, for example, has a height of 50 mm to 400 mm, preferably 150 mm to 300 mm, and particularly 180 mm to 200 mm. These dimensions offer the advantage that the housing is compact enough to be mounted discreetly on the vehicle, yet large enough to ensure sufficient visibility and signaling effect.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, a column-shaped housing has a diameter of 20 mm to 200 mm, more preferably 50 mm to 120 mm, and particularly 70 mm to 90 mm. These dimensions enable a compact yet stable design.

[0060] Preferably, the signal transmitter weighs between 0.1 kg and 5 kg, more preferably between 1 kg and 2.5 kg, particularly about 1.5 kg. This weight range ensures easy handling and installation.

[0061] Furthermore, the signal transmitter can have an IP66 protection rating, meaning it is completely protected against dust and powerful water jets. This increases the reliability and longevity of the signal transmitter, especially in harsh environments and adverse weather conditions.

[0062] In another embodiment, the LED array is arranged circularly around the entire column. This circular arrangement ensures uniform horizontal light distribution, improving signal visibility from all directions parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal center plane. This arrangement allows for efficient use of available space. Furthermore, the use of an LED array reduces energy consumption compared to traditional lighting methods, resulting in longer operating times for battery-powered devices.

[0063] Furthermore, the second output unit can include a loudspeaker. Including a loudspeaker as a second output unit offers a versatile acoustic signaling option capable of reproducing a variety of tones, voice announcements, and differentiated signals. This enables more detailed and specific communication, providing precise and clear information in various situations. The loudspeaker can also be integrated around its entire circumference within a column-shaped housing, incorporating openings through which sound waves can escape, ensuring even and effective sound distribution in all directions.

[0064] Alternatively, the second output device could include a horn or other acoustic device (e.g., sirens or piezo buzzers). Horns offer a simple yet effective way to produce loud and penetrating sounds, which can be particularly useful in emergency situations or noisy environments. Other options could include other acoustic signaling devices specifically tailored to the requirements and environmental conditions to ensure signaling and communication.

[0065] In one exemplary embodiment, the signal transmitter further includes a detection device for detecting a malfunction of the second output unit. The inclusion of such a device increases operational reliability by enabling early detection of failures and facilitating preventive maintenance. For example, such a detection device can be implemented by continuously monitoring the operating status of the second output unit with integrated sensors and periodically checking test signals. The sensors receive and compare the transmitted signals to ensure that the output unit is functioning correctly.

[0066] In this context, the first output unit can emit a visual error signal, indicating to external observers or vehicle occupants that the second output unit is malfunctioning. External observers are thus informed that they cannot expect an audible signal output regarding the vehicle's operating status and can adjust their actions accordingly.

[0067] In another embodiment, the signal transmitter includes a battery and / or a solar module. The option of powering the signal transmitter with a battery increases placement flexibility, as a constant connection to an external power source is not required. Integrating a solar module enables an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy supply, reducing operating costs and increasing independence from external power sources.

[0068] Alternative designs are also conceivable, in which the signal transmitter draws electrical energy from an autonomous vehicle via an interface. This capability enables a dynamic energy supply and can facilitate implementation in autonomous vehicle systems.

[0069] The signal generator can operate with a voltage of 12 V DC. In alternative embodiments, the signal generator can also be designed for operating voltages of 24 V DC or 48 V DC. In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for operating a signal generator according to one of the aforementioned embodiments. The method preferably comprises the following steps:

[0070] a. Output of visual and / or acoustic signals by the first output unit and / or the second output unit to communicate a vehicle status to external observers;

[0071] b. Detecting a malfunction or partial functionality of the first output unit using a detection device;

[0072] c. In the event of a malfunction of the first output unit:

[0073] Outputting an error signal to a higher-level control unit, and / or

[0074] Output of an acoustic error signal via the second output unit; i.e., if the first output unit is partially functional:

[0075] Controlling the first output unit to output emergency lighting, and / or

[0076] Outputting an error signal to a higher-level control unit, and / or

[0077] Output of an acoustic error signal via the second output unit.

[0078] The system for operating the signaling device ensures a high level of operational reliability through monitoring and error reporting, enabling a rapid response to malfunctions. The ability to activate emergency lighting in the event of partial functionality helps maintain signaling and can enhance safety.

[0079] A person skilled in the art will recognize that the advantages, technical effects, and exemplary embodiments discussed in connection with the signal generator according to the invention apply analogously to the method for operating it. Likewise, all advantages, technical effects, and exemplary embodiments described in the context of the method are transferable to the signal generator. Further exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention is not intended to be limited solely to these exemplary embodiments. They serve only to further illustrate the invention. The present invention is intended to relate to all matters that a person skilled in the art would now and in the future consider obvious for realizing the invention.

[0080] Brief description of the drawing

[0081] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary signal transmitter in a side view.

[0082] Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an exemplary signal transmitter in a side view without the representation of an LED array.

[0083] Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an exemplary signal transmitter from below.

[0084] Fig. 4 shows another exemplary embodiment of an exemplary signal transmitter in a side view.

[0085] Examples of implementation

[0086] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary signal transmitter 1 for an autonomous vehicle for communicating a vehicle status to external observers in a side view. The signal transmitter 1 comprises a housing 9, a first output unit 3 integrated in the housing 9 for outputting visual signals, and a second output unit 5 integrated in the housing 9 for outputting acoustic signals.

[0087] Furthermore, the signal transmitter 1 includes, in particular, a signal generator (not shown) for outputting a signal to the first output unit and / or second output unit, as well as a detection means (not shown) for detecting a malfunction or partial functionality of the first output unit. The housing 9 is designed as a column and has, for example, a diameter in the range of 40 mm to 160 mm and a height in the range of 50 to 300 mm. The housing 9 comprises aluminum, which may be anodized. In addition, the housing 9 may have a base 15, which is made of a different material and has a different diameter than the rest of the housing 9. For example, this part of the housing 9 may be made of plastic.

[0088] The housing can be conceptually divided into an upper and a lower half with respect to its overall height. The first output unit 3, comprising two LED arrays 7, each containing a plurality of diodes 13, is located on the upper half of the housing 9. The LED arrays 7 are arranged around the entire column. For example, two diodes 13 are always arranged under a common lens. The two LED arrays 7 are also arranged one above the other, thus forming two rows of diodes 13. In addition to diodes 13, an LED array 7 includes, among other things, a substrate, conductive traces, resistors, and capacitors. The LED arrays 7 are permanently integrated into the housing 9 and can be secured within the housing 9 using suitable connection techniques, either force-fit, form-fit, and / or material-fit. Furthermore, the LED arrays 7 are positioned behind a protective cover.

[0089] The diodes can display various colors and are aligned at an angle of 8° ± to the vertical. The luminous intensity is >= 230 cd (amber), >= 120 cd (red), >= 120 cd (green), and the lifespan of the LEDs is > 100,000 hours.

[0090] If at least one diode 13 fails, the remaining functional diodes 13 can increase the light intensity via a controller (not shown) to provide emergency lighting. This controller is a processor-controlled unit, which is also located in housing 9.

[0091] The second output unit 5, designed for emitting acoustic signals, is located in the lower half of the housing 9. Special openings 17 are provided in the housing 9 for this purpose, effectively directing the sound outwards without compromising the protective function of the housing 9. The second output unit 5 can, for example, be used to output an acoustic error signal in the event of a malfunction of the first output unit 3.

[0092] The second output unit 5 is designed specifically as a loudspeaker and can generate acoustic signals with a volume of up to 105 dB. The loudspeaker is designed to provide clear and distinct acoustic output that is easily audible even in noisy environments. In addition to error signals, the second output unit 5 can also emit warning signals, status messages, or other acoustic information to improve safety and communication in the vicinity of the autonomous vehicle.

[0093] An interface 11 is located on the housing base 15 of the signal transmitter 1. This interface 11 allows the signal transmitter 1 to be detachably attached to an autonomous vehicle. The interface 11 is designed to ensure a secure and stable mechanical connection while simultaneously establishing the electrical connection to the vehicle. The interface 11 is robust and weatherproof to meet the requirements of use in various environments and under different weather conditions. It is protected against dust, moisture, and vibrations, which increases the reliability and service life of the signal transmitter.

[0094] Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the signal transmitter 1 shown in Fig. 1. The description in Fig. 1 also applies to this representation, with the reference numerals in both figures referring to the same components.

[0095] For the sake of clarity, the first output unit 3 for visual output and the associated two LED arrays 7 are not shown in the schematic side view.

[0096] The second output unit 5, which is responsible for emitting acoustic signals, is integrated in the lower half of the housing 9.

[0097] An interface 11 is located on the underside of the signal transmitter 1, which serves to detachably attach the signal transmitter 1 to an autonomous vehicle. This interface 11 is located at the base 15 of the housing 9. The housing base 15 can have a diameter of 90 mm. Therefore, the diameter of the housing base 15 can differ from that of the rest of the housing 9, which, as already described in Fig. 1, can have a diameter of 80 mm.

[0098] Within the housing base 15 is a round opening, which can have a diameter of, for example, 20–70 mm and extend 10–80 mm deep into the housing 9. The interface 11, for example a connector or adapter with an external thread, is positioned in this opening. This external thread is designed to screw into a corresponding receptacle on the autonomous vehicle to ensure a stable and secure connection. The electrical connection is, for example, a 5-pin connector. The 5-pin design means that the connector has five contacts or pins, allowing multiple connections or signal lines to pass through the connector. The pin assignment is, for example, as follows: Pin 1 for +24V, Pin 2 for 0V, Pin 3 for CAN H, Pin 4 for CAN L, and Pin 5 (nc) is not used.This standardized pin assignment enables easy integration of the signal transmitter 1 into existing vehicle networks and ensures a reliable electrical connection for power and data transmission.

[0099] Fig. 3 shows a schematic bottom view of the signal transmitter 1 shown in Fig. 1. The description in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 also applies to this representation, with the reference numerals in all figures referring to the same components.

[0100] The interface 11, which includes an electrical connection, is located in the center of the signal transmitter 1. This connection is, for example, a 5-pin connector. The electrical connection is located in an opening in the housing base 15. Furthermore, mounting holes are arranged on the front face of the housing base 15, allowing for easy attachment of the signal transmitter 1.

[0101] Fig. 4 shows another exemplary embodiment of a signal transmitter 1 in a side view. In contrast to the embodiments described above, this variant has a modified design of the housing openings 17 and is also modular in construction. The housing 9 consists of two sections: The upper section contains the first output unit 3, while the lower section at the housing base 15 comprises the second output unit (5). Reference numeral list

[0102] Signal transmitter

[0103] first output unit

[0104] Second output unit

[0105] LED array

[0106] Housing

[0107] interface

[0108] diode

[0109] Case base

[0110] Case opening

Claims

Patent claims 1. Signal transmitter (1), comprising a case (9), a first output unit (3) integrated in the housing (9) for outputting visual signals, a second output unit (5) integrated in the housing (9) for outputting acoustic signals, a signal generator for outputting a signal to the first output unit (3) and / or second output unit (5), characterized by the fact that the signal transmitter (1) further comprises a detection means for detecting a malfunction or partial functionality of the first output unit (3) the signal transmitter (1) for an autonomous vehicle is suitable for communicating a vehicle state to external observers.

2. Signal transmitter (1) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the signal transmitter (1) comprises a processor-controlled controller, wherein the controller can be in data communication with a higher-level control unit via a communication unit, wherein the controller can receive input signals from the higher-level control unit for the generation of signals for the first output unit (3) and / or second output unit (5); and / or wherein the controller can output signals to the higher-level control unit regarding the malfunction or partial functionality of the first output unit (3).

3. Signal transmitter (1) according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the control is set up to, in the event of a malfunction of the first output unit (3), to send an error signal to a higher-level control unit; and / or to output an acoustic error signal via the second output unit (5).

4. Signal transmitter (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the control is set up to ensure that the first output unit (3) is partially functional, to control the first output unit (3) such that it outputs emergency lighting; and / or to send an error signal to a higher-level control unit; and / or to output an acoustic error signal via the second output unit (5).

5. Signal transmitter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that The signal transmitter (1) has an interface (11) for detachably attaching the signal transmitter (1) to an autonomous vehicle.

6. Signal transmitter (1) according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the interface (11) is designed as an electromechanical interface and has an electrical connection, in particular a 5-pin M12 connector.

7. Signal transmitter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the first output unit (3) comprises at least one LED array (7).

8. Signal transmitter (1) according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the LED array (7) comprises a plurality of diodes (13) and in the event of failure of at least one diode (13) the remaining functional diodes (13) can increase the light intensity via a controller to provide emergency lighting.

9. Signal transmitter (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that at least two diodes (13) of the LED array (7) are arranged under a common lens.

10. Signal transmitter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the housing (9) is designed in the form of a column, wherein the first dispensing unit (3) is located in an upper half of the column in relation to the overall height, and / or the second output unit (5) is arranged in a lower half of the column with respect to the overall height.

11. Signal transmitter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second output unit (5) comprises a loudspeaker, a horn, a siren and / or a piezo signal generator.

12. Signal transmitter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal generator (1) comprises a further detection means for detecting a malfunction of the second output unit (5), wherein the first output unit (3) is configured to output a visual error signal when a malfunction of the second output unit (5) is detected.

13. Signal transmitter (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal transmitter (1) has a battery and / or a solar module for power supply.

14. Autonomous vehicle comprising a signal transmitter (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

15. Method for operating a signal transmitter (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 - 13, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a. Output of visual and / or acoustic signals by the first output unit (3) and / or the second output unit (5) to communicate a vehicle status to external observers; b. Detecting a malfunction or partial functionality of the first output unit (3) by means of a detection device; c. In the event of a malfunction of the first output unit (3): Output of an error signal to a higher-level control unit, and / or Output of an acoustic error signal via the second output unit (5); i.e., in the event of partial functionality of the first output unit (3): - Control of the first output unit (3) to output emergency lighting, and / or Outputting an error signal to a higher-level control unit, and / or Output of an acoustic error signal via the second output unit (5).

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