Reactor for pyrolysis of biomass

Abstract

A mobile reactor (1) to convert a batch of biomass into biochar in a batch process. The mobile reactor (1) comprises a pyrolysis chamber (100) for receiving the biomass. A longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber (110) extends from a first end of the pyrolysis chamber (101) to a second end of the pyrolysis chamber (102). In the intended use of the reactor (1), when placed on a ground, the pyrolysis chamber (100) is aligned in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber (110) forms a target angle (a) of 20°-50° to the horizontal, wherein the first end of the pyrolysis chamber (101) is the lowerlying end of the pyrolysis chamber (100).

Description

[0001] Reactor for Pyrolysis of Biomass

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The invention refers in a first aspect to an in particular mobile reactor to convert biomass into biochar, in a second aspect to a method for converting biomass into biochar and in a third aspect to a use of the in particular mobile reactor .

[0004] Background Art

[0005] The conversion of biomass into biochar with a reactor is a well-established process with applications in carbon sequestration, soil enhancement, and renewable energy generation. Biochar is typically produced through pyrolysis, utilizing different reactor designs .

[0006] One example of prior art is EP 3423751, which discloses a reactor system for efficient pyrolytic conversion of biomass into biochar . While such systems optimize gas flow and thermal regulation, they are primarily designed for stationary installations, limiting their applicability for decentralized biomass sources such as agricultural fields or forestry operations .

[0007] JP H06 33044 A discloses a vehicle-mounting type carbonization device improved in operating efficiency through omitting labor such as transportation from each storage site and enabling individual carbonization at each site .

[0008] US 2020 / 407642 Al discloses a covered cavity kiln pyrolyzer with modulated means of rotation, to promote mixing and exposure of the biomass to heat, thereby allowing complete and efficient pyrolysis of biomass therein.

[0009] US 2022 / 145184 Al discloses a disposal system for the processing of solid waste devices to recycle materials located within the devices and recover, reuse and recycle such materials .

[0010] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxA key challenge in biochar production is the transportation of bulky and / or low-density biomass to centralized processing facilities . This results in high logistical costs to transport the biomass to the facility and to transport the biochar back to the deployment area, energy consumption, and inefficiencies in biomass utilization .

[0011] Disclosure

[0012] The present invention therefore addresses these challenges by proposing an advanced in particular mobile reactor that enhances the feasibility of decentralized biomass-to-biochar conversion.

[0013] The present invention addresses these challenges by the features of the first aspect referring to an in particular mobile reactor that converts biomass into biochar, by a second aspect referring to a method to convert biomass into biochar and by a third aspect that refers to a use of the reactor according to the first aspect .

[0014] Unless otherwise stated, the following definitions shall apply in this specification:

[0015] The terms "a" , ’’an," ’’the" and similar terms used in the context of the present invention are to be construed to cover both the singular and plural unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by the context . Further, the terms "including" , "containing" and "comprising" are used herein in their open, non-limiting sense . The term "containing" shall include both, "comprising" and "consisting of" .

[0016] Advantageously, the term ’’biomass” here refers to organic material that can be used as a source of carbon. Typically, such biomass comprises plant-based materials, agriculture residues, forestry by-products, and other organic waste .

[0017] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxFurther advantageously, the biomass for the present invention might be derived from coffee plants, e . g. , pruned branches, pulp and stems or leaves .

[0018] Advantageously, the term "biochar" here refers to a carbon-rich solid material produced through the pyrolysis of biomass under limited oxygen conditions . The properties of biochar depend on the feedstock composition and the pyrolysis condition.

[0019] Advantageously, for the present invention, the biochar results from the pyrolysis of agricultural residues or coffee plant biomass or similar .

[0020] Advantageously, the term "pyrolysis chamber" here refers to a container or similar which is suitable for the pyrolysis of biomass and is therefore heat-resistant to resist the high temperatures of the pyrolysis and isolated to allow high temperatures . The chamber typically operates at elevated temperatures, typically ranging between 300°C and 900°C .

[0021] Advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber is designed for the oxygen-limited (controlled with gas or specifically air inlets) thermal decomposition of biomass . It enables the conversion of biomass into biochar, and gas (syngas) through a regulated heating process .

[0022] In particular, an inlet refers to an opening for air or gas to enter the respective part of the reactor .

[0023] Anyway, it might occur that air or gas inadvertently escapes through the inlets .

[0024] In particular, the described inlet or inlets ( first inlet, second inlet, third inlet, fourth inlet) are not completely gas-tight or air-tight in the insert direction .

[0025] Advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber is sealed with except of defined air or gas inlets, to restrict uncontrolled oxygen ingress to ensure a controlled pyrolysis process .

[0026] Advantageously, the term "combustion chamber" here refers to a high-temperature, oxygen-regulated

[0027] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxreaction space designed to facilitate the complete oxidation of (volatile) gases generated during the pyrolysis process .

[0028] Advantageously, the combustion chamber according to the invention comprises a controlled gas flow respectively airflow management (e . g. by means of gas flow inlets) , heat-resistant materials, and / or a gas mixing mechanisms (e . g. by means of obstacles) to optimize energy output while minimizing emissions . In particular, the combustion chamber interacts with the pyrolysis chamber to ensure efficient gas combustion.

[0029] Advantageously, the term "batch" here refers to a single, discrete quantity of feedstock that is processed through the reactor in one complete cycle of a batch process .

[0030] Further advantageously, the "batch process" refers to a non-continuous process in which a fixed quantity of biomass is loaded into a reactor and then fully processed before the next batch begins .

[0031] Advantageously, the term "ground" refers to a surface on which an obj ect or user may stand, move, or be supported, such as a floor, terrain, or base surface, and is not limited to a particular material, inclination, or environment .

[0032] The first aspect of the invention refers to a reactor to convert a batch of biomass into biochar in a batch process .

[0033] Advantageously, the reactor is a mobile reactor .

[0034] Advantageously, the term "mobile" reactor refers to a transportable reactor that can be moved and set up by one to three people . In particular, a "mobile" reactor refers to a compact, lightweight, and easily deployable assembly designed for transport and operation by a small team without the need for heavy machinery and / or permanent infrastructure .

[0035] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxAdvantageously, the reactor might be "portable" , meaning that it can be transported with a standard vehicle such as a trailer, a pickup, or a motorbike-like or motorcycle transportation vehicle .

[0036] Advantageously, the reactor is further "self-sufficient" , therefore operates independently without power or water supply.

[0037] Further advantageously, the in particular mobile reactor is "field-ready" , meaning it is suitable for use in remote locations such as agricultural fields or forestry sites .

[0038] Such an in particular mobile reactor ultimately enables the processing of biomass into biochar directly in the field or forest, remote from electrical connections and other infrastructure .

[0039] To enable the mobility of the in particular mobile reactor, the reactor comprises the following features :

[0040] The in particular mobile reactor comprises a pyrolysis chamber . The pyrolysis chamber is adapted to receive the biomass .

[0041] Advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber is designed as a sealed, oxygen-limited chamber for the controlled thermal decomposition of biomass into biochar . The chamber typically operates at elevated temperatures, typically ranging between 300°C and 900°C .

[0042] In particular, the biomass serves as a feedstock for conversion into biochar through a pyrolysis process within the in particular mobile reactor .

[0043] Further advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber is adapted to load a biomass of at least 1.5m length.

[0044] Advantageously, the mobile reactor is adapted to run a batch process . This means that in operation, the reactor is filled with feedstock, the pyrolysis chamber is closed, and the pyrolysis process is performed. After completion of the process, the reactor is opened and the reactor contents are discharged.

[0045] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxIn particular, the biochar resulting from the pyrolysis retains a stable carbon structure, making it suitable for agricultural, environmental, and industrial applications .

[0046] The longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber extends from a first end of the pyrolysis chamber to a second end of the pyrolysis chamber .

[0047] In an advantageous embodiment, the pyrolysis chamber has a cylindrical shape and the longitudinal axis extends along the longitudinal extension of the cylinder . Further advantageous shapes might be a cuboid extending along a longitudinal axis or similar .

[0048] In the intended use of the reactor, e . g. , in remote locations such as agricultural fields or forestry sites, when placed on a ground or floor, the pyrolysis chamber is aligned in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber forms a target angle a of 20°-50° to the horizontal, wherein the first end of the pyrolysis chamber is the lower-lying end, meaning the one of the two ends of the pyrolysis chamber that is closer to the ground or floor, of the pyrolysis chamber .

[0049] This means in particular that the longitudinal axis, meaning the longitudinal extension, of the pyrolysis chamber is inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle of 20°-50° .

[0050] In particular, the inclination angle is equal to or less than 50° to maintain ergonomic accessibility of the mobile reactor . This ensures that an operator of average height can reach the upper sections of the mobile reactor during the intended use without additional climbing aids . Further, in particular, the inclination angle is equal to or more than 20° to ensure that the char in the pyrolysis chamber assembles in the lower-lying end of the pyrolysis chamber .

[0051] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxAdvantageously, the mobile reactor is operated in a stationary manner, e . g. during the pyrolysis, and remains in a fixed geometric configuration. Therefore, the target angle that is installed, will be fixed during the intended use of the reactor . This means in particular, that the pyrolysis chamber is fixed during the intended use, meaning that it is not rotating and not changing the target angle .

[0052] In particular, the pyrolysis chamber is adapted to conduct an autothermal process . Therefore, no permanent external heating source is required, in particular, an initial ignition can start the process . In particular, in an autothermal process, the heat required to maintain the pyrolysis temperature is generated within the reactor respectively within the process itself, for example by controlled partial oxidation reactions, such that little or no external heating is required. Thus, the process can be maintained substantially without external heat supply.

[0053] Advantageously, the batch process in the mobile reactor is initiated by igniting the feedstock in the pyrolysis chamber, no permanent external heater is required.

[0054] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the in particular mobile reactor comprises further a combustion chamber . The combustion chamber is adapted to combust gas that is produced during the pyrolysis process in the pyrolysis chamber and is extracted from the pyrolysis chamber .

[0055] Advantageously, the combustion chamber is connected, in particular is in fluid connection, to the pyrolysis chamber and is designed to combust gases generated during the pyrolysis process in the pyrolysis chamber .

[0056] Advantageously, the combustion chamber is arranged in fluid connection and adj acent or nearby the second end of the pyrolysis chamber in direction of the gas ascent of the pyrolysis chamber, meaning in direction where the gas would leave the pyrolysis chamber during the pyrolysis process . The direction of the gas ascent of course

[0057] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxwould typically or in particular be in a direction above the pyrolysis chamber in vertical direction.

[0058] Further advantageously, being connected respectively in fluid connection can also mean that a connecting part between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber is introduced to connect the two .

[0059] Further advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged adj acently to each other, wherein the pyrolysis chamber is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber via at least one opening (or conduit) .

[0060] The inclined or tilted arrangement of the pyrolysis chamber relative to the horizontal with an angle of 20°-50° enables the setup by a small team or even a single person, in particular for one or more of the following reasons :

[0061] • Compared to an upright standing pyrolysis chamber as it is known in the prior art, the inclined or tilted arrangement of the pyrolysis chamber allows a lower working height, which simplifies the work on the reactor .

[0062] • Compared to an upright standing pyrolysis chamber, the inclined or tilted arrangement of the pyrolysis chamber requires less preparation in cutting of biomass, e . g. , even long branches can be loaded into the pyrolysis chamber, in particular through a loading facility arranged on the longitudinal side of the pyrolysis chamber .

[0063] • Compared to an upright standing pyrolysis chamber, the combustion chamber, if there is any, can easily be mounted onto the pyrolysis chamber (the combustion chamber is typically arranged at the highest end of the pyrolysis chamber where the gas ascends from the pyrolysis chamber) . For an upright standing pyrolysis chamber, the working height to install the combustion chamber would be the whole length of the pyrolysis chamber, which might be about ca . 2m-3.5m, which is not easy to do for a single person, meaning an individual person, alone, in particular since the combustion chamber is typically

[0064] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxheavy to lift . In contrast, with the inclined pyrolysis chamber, the working height is much lower, e . g. , between 1.3m - 2m. To install the combustion chamber on this height is much simpler and feasible for a single person .

[0065] A further advantageous effect of the inclined arrangement of the pyrolysis chamber is that during the pyrolysis process, an inclined pyrolysis front forms in the reactor . Inclined front here means that the pyrolysis front is not vertical to the surface of the longitudinal sides of the pyrolysis chamber, but is inclined or tilted. The pyrolysis front refers to the active thermal decomposition zone within the pyrolysis chamber where the biomass undergoes the thermochemical conversion. It is a moving boundary between unprocessed and converted biochar progressing through the biomass during the pyrolysis process . The inclined pyrolysis front has the advantage that it forms a larger surface than it would if it were limited to the pyrolysis chamber diameter .

[0066] Advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber and / or the combustion chamber are stationary during the intended use . In particular the pyrolysis chamber is maintained in a fixed position during the operation or the intended use respectively. In particular the pyrolysis chamber is maintained in a stationary position relative to the ground.

[0067] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the in particular mobile reactor comprises further a hinge to connect the combustion chamber with the pyrolysis chamber . The hinge connects the combustion chamber with the pyrolysis chamber in a way that the combustion chamber is foldable up and down from the pyrolysis chamber .

[0068] Advantageously, the hinge might either be permanently installed at the pyrolysis chamber and at the combustion chamber or might be removably installed, such that the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber can be separated easily and connected easily via the hinge .

[0069] The hinge has in particular the effect that the combustion chamber can be placed on top of the pyrolysis

[0070] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxchamber in a simplified manner . If the combustion chamber is connected to the pyrolysis chamber via the hinge, the combustion chamber can be placed on top of the pyrolysis chamber by simply folding the combustion chamber over the hinge onto the pyrolysis chamber .

[0071] Therefore, the advantageous embodiment comprising the hinge again enables the simplified setup of the in particular mobile reactor and allows a small team or even individual person to bring the combustion chamber on top of the pyrolysis chamber without much effort .

[0072] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the in particular mobile reactor might further comprise a chimney which is preferably arranged on top of the combustion chamber, in particular in a direction of the gas ( flue gas) ascent of the combustion chamber, in particular in a vertical direction above the gas outlet or combustion chamber exit of the combustion chamber .

[0073] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber has a length 1 of 1 . 5m < 1 < 3m, in particular of 1 . 8m < 1 < 2.5m. As mentioned above, the inclined arrangement of the pyrolysis chamber enables an easy handling of the reactor even though the length 1 of the reactor might be around 2m - 3.5m. Due to the inclined arrangement of the pyrolysis chamber, the working height to set up the pyrolysis chamber with the combustion chamber as well as the loading of the pyrolysis chamber with biomass is simplified.

[0074] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber comprises at least one obstacle to optimize the combustion process, in particular to optimize the gas flow in the combustion chamber to maximize the combustion of the gas in the combustion chamber .

[0075] The at least one obstacle is designed in a way to manipulate the gas flow in the combustion chamber to enable an optimized and therefore maximized combustion of the gas .

[0076] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxIn a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber might comprise two, three, four, five or more than five such obstacles .

[0077] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pyrolysis chamber comprises a loading facility that is arranged on a longitudinal side of the pyrolysis chamber . In particular, the longitudinal side of the pyrolysis chamber is a side that extends in longitudinal direction along the longitudinal axis .

[0078] In particular the longitudinal side of the pyrolysis chamber is the side that is "parallel" to the longitudinal axis, e . g. , the lateral side of a cylinder if the pyrolysis chamber is cylindrically shaped.

[0079] Further advantageously, the loading facility is arranged on a side of the pyrolysis chamber that is directed in upward direction, in a direction away from the ground or floor, such that biomass can be easily thrown through the loading facility into the pyrolysis chamber .

[0080] Advantageously, the loading facility is a flap or lid or hatch that can be opened and closed. Further advantageously, the loading facility, e . g. the flap, is designed in such a way that it can be closed essentially gastight or airtight to prevent gas or air from entering the chamber . Further advantageously, the size of the loading facility is adapted to the size of the biomass, e . g. a length of 1.5 to 3m, to simplify loading of the biomass . By arranging the loading facility on the longitudinal side of the pyrolysis chamber again, the handling of the reactor is simplified, rendering it an even more mobile reactor . For the inclined pyrolysis reactor, if the loading facility is arranged on the longitudinal side, the working height for loading the pyrolysis chamber is ca . 1.1m to 1.8m. Therefore, the loading facility can be reached easily and therefore the pyrolysis chamber can be easily loaded with biomass . In addition, by arranging the loading facility on the side of an inclined pyrolysis chamber (in contrast to loading it from the top or from the side in an upright

[0081] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxstanding reactor) biomass can easily be deposited into the pyrolysis chamber by simply throwing the biomass through the loading facility into the pyrolysis chamber from above (if the loading facility is arranged on the upward directed side of the pyrolysis chamber, which is favourable) .

[0082] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the in particular mobile reactor comprises at least three legs to setup the reactor on the ground or floor . The at least three legs are adjustable in height to align the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber with reference to the horizontal, to form the target angle a. The legs might be adjusted in length and / or in their orientation in relation to the reactor or the ground or floor to achieve the targeted alignment of the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber with the ground. The adjustability of the at least three legs is in particular relevant if the ground or floor is uneven or sloping, but the alignment of the pyrolysis chamber still needs to stay within the target angle a. By adjusting the length or orientation of the legs, the pyrolysis chamber can be adjusted to the desired target angle a.

[0083] Advantageously, the at least three legs might be for example telescopic legs, screw-adjustable legs, folding legs, spring loaded legs or similar .

[0084] An advantageous embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor comprises four adjustable legs to set up the rector on the ground or floor .

[0085] In a further advantageous embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor, the pyrolysis chamber comprises a first gas or air inlet to control the primary gas or air flow into the pyrolysis chamber . The gas might be a combustion gas or other process gases .

[0086] Further advantageously, the first gas or air inlet of the pyrolysis chamber is arranged at or near by the first end of the pyrolysis chamber .

[0087] In particular, the primary gas or air flow into the pyrolysis chamber, as described in this invention, is

[0088] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxadvantageously a regulatable gas or air flow introduced through the first gas or air inlet at the lower end of the first and second end or a lower section of the pyrolysis reactor, the section or end of the pyrolysis chamber that is closer to the ground or floor . In particular, the primary gas or air flow drives the combustion of the char layer and therefore enables the efficient conversion of biomass into biochar and gases .

[0089] Advantageously, the primary gas or air flow might be regulated by adjusting the size of the first gas or air inlet . For example, the primary gas or air flow through the first air or gas inlet might be controlled by means of a rosette mechanism.

[0090] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pyrolysis chamber comprises a second gas inlet, in particular air inlet, to control the secondary gas flow respectively air flow into the pyrolysis chamber .

[0091] Further advantageously, the second gas or air inlet of the pyrolysis chamber is arranged at or near by the second end of the pyrolysis chamber, in particular close to the combustion chamber .

[0092] In particular, the secondary gas or air flow into the pyrolysis chamber, as described in this invention, is advantageously a regulatable gas or air flow introduced through the second gas or air inlet at the upper end of the first and second end or upper section of the pyrolysis reactor, the section or end of the pyrolysis chamber that is closer to the combustion chamber . In particular, the secondary gas or air flow is introduced into the pyrolysis chamber above the char layer and ensures gas oxidation of the gases that are released during the pyrolysis process of the biomass .

[0093] Therefore, in particular, the pyrolysis chamber comprises dedicated mechanical air or gas control devices at the first end and the second end of the pyrolysis chamber for controlling the air flow.

[0094] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxFurther advantageously, in a further embodiment, the first and / or second air or gas inlet are arranged in a top end wall and / or a bottom end wall of the in particular cylindrically-shaped pyrolysis chamber .

[0095] Advantageously, the first and / or second air or gas inlet is a valve and therefore refers to a device for controlling the flow of a fluid, such as a gas or liquid, through a passage or conduit in the pyrolysis chamber, preferable at or close by the first or second end of the pyrolysis chamber . Further advantageously, each valve of said valves might be controllable, in particular manually and / or automatically.

[0096] Advantageously, the secondary gas or air flow might be regulated by adjusting the size of the second gas or air inlet . For example, the secondary gas or air flow through the second gas or air inlet might be controlled by means of an in particular continuously adjustable slider .

[0097] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the in particular mobile reactor comprises further a control system to control the gas or air flow through the first gas or air inlet and / or the second gas or air inlet of the pyrolysis chamber . Thereby, the pyrolysis process might be automated.

[0098] Further advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber is adapted such that an air or gas path forms along the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber, wherein the air exits in particular at the second end of the pyrolysis chamber, wherein the gas or air enters at the lower-lying first end of the pyrolysis chamber through the first gas or air inlet .

[0099] Further advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber is adapted to operate as an in particular partial axial flow reactor and therefore in particular refers to a reactor in which the flow of the reaction medium, e . g. air or gas, occurs predominantly at least partially along a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor and / or essentially in a direction parallel to the

[0100] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxlongitudinal axis of the combustion chamber (in some embodiments around the obstacles) , typically from an inlet at one end, e . g. the first air or gas inlet of the reactor to an air or gas outlet, in particular at the opposite end, e . g. the second gas or air inlet or a gas or air outlet, or in particular an air or gas outlet of the combustion chamber .

[0101] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a shell, in particular a removable shell, is arranged at least partially around the pyrolysis chamber and around the second air inlet of the pyrolysis chamber . The shell is arranged in such a way, that a channel forms between the outer surface of the pyrolysis chamber and the shell . The secondary air flow passes through the channel before it enters the pyrolysis chamber through the second air inlet of the pyrolysis chamber .

[0102] In particular, guiding the secondary air flow through the channel between the shell and the outer surface of the pyrolysis reactor has the technical effect that the air of the secondary air flow heats up before it enters the pyrolysis chamber through the second air inlet . By heating up the air of the secondary air flow, the effect of the secondary air flow in the pyrolysis chamber is enhanced .

[0103] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pyrolysis chamber comprises an unloading facility that is arranged at or near by the first end of the pyrolysis chamber or in the lower lying section of the pyrolysis chamber . The unloading facility is adapted to simplify unloading the often hot biochar . In particular, the unloading facility is a flap or slider that can be opened and the biochar falls out of the pyrolysis chamber onto the ground or into an appropriate container .

[0104] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber comprises a third air and gas inlet to control the third air or gas flow into

[0105] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxthe combustion chamber . In particular, the third air or gas flow into the combustion chamber ensures optimization of the gas combustion to reduce emissions of the reactor .

[0106] In a further advantageous embodiment, the reactor is built from individual modules that are each below ca . 100kg of weight, in particular below 75 kg, e . g. such that each individual module can be easily transported by maximum three people .

[0107] For example, the pyrolysis chamber can be split along a longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber to divide it into two parts that can be easily transported and assembled again.

[0108] Advantageously, such modules might be e . g. the pyrolysis chamber 100, wherein even the pyrolysis chamber 100 might comprise more than one module, and / or the combustion chamber 200, and / or the chimney 400, and / or the hinge 300, and / or the at least three legs 11, and / or any other assembly parts .

[0109] A further advantageous embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor comprises a connecting element in particular arranged between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber and adapted to establish a fluid connection between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber . This connecting element might comprise a fourth air inlet or multiple fourth air inlets . The one or more fourth air inlet might have the shape of a round opening or a slot or any other shape . In particular, such an embodiment does not comprise third air or gas inlets in the combustion chamber .

[0110] The second aspect of the invention refers to a method for converting a batch of biomass into biochar in a batch process with an in particular mobile reactor according to the first aspect of the invention. The method comprises :

[0111] • Loading the pyrolysis chamber with biomass,

[0112] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docx• Pyrolysis of the biomass in the pyrolysis chamber, and • Unloading of the biochar from the pyrolysis chamber .

[0113] In a further advantageous embodiment of the second aspect, the method comprises further the combustion of the gas produced during the pyrolysis in the combustion chamber .

[0114] In an advantageous embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor, the reactor is adapted such that during the intended use, initially, the second gas or air inlet, in particular a cover or lid, is opened at the second end of the pyrolysis chamber, providing the primary air or gas flow, for example combustion air, a primary air or gas flow. Once sufficient heat is generated, a chimney effect is established, this might occur in particular if a temperature of the gas or air within the reactor is above 100°C . This effect draws air through the first air or gas inlet, at which point the second air or gas inlet, or the cover or lid is closed.

[0115] Advantageously, thereafter, the first air or gas inlet functions as the primary air source .

[0116] Further advantageously, if present, the fourth air inlet or inlets serve as secondary air source .

[0117] Further advantageously, in this configuration with the fourth gas or air inlets, no third air inlets in the combustion chamber are employed.

[0118] The described steps might also be steps of a further advantageous method.

[0119] The third aspect of the invention refers to a use of the in particular mobile reactor according to the first aspect of the invention for converting a batch of biomass into biochar in a batch process .

[0120] A further aspect of the invention refers to a set comprising the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber to build the in particular mobile reactor according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0121] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxOther advantageous embodiments are listed in the dependent claims as well as in the description below.

[0122] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0123] The technology will be better understood and obj ects other than those set forth above will become apparent from the following detailed description thereof . Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings, wherein :

[0124] Fig. la and b show two different advantageous embodiments of an in particular mobile reactor,

[0125] Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor comprising a chimney,

[0126] Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor comprising a hinge,

[0127] Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor with a pyrolysis reactor comprising an in particular removable shell,

[0128] Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor wherein the combustion chamber comprises obstacles, and

[0129] Fig. 6a and 6b show further embodiments of the in particular mobile reactor .

[0130] Embodiments

[0131] Fig. la shows an advantageous embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor 1 to convert a batch of biomass in a batch process into biochar . The reactor 1 comprises a pyrolysis chamber 100 for receiving biomass .

[0132] A longitudinal axis 110 of the pyrolysis chamber 100 extends from a first end of the pyrolysis chamber 101 to a second end of the pyrolysis chamber 102.

[0133] In the intended use of the reactor 1, when placed on a ground, the pyrolysis chamber 100 is aligned in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis

[0134] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxchamber 110 forms a target angle a of 20°-50° to the horizontal, wherein the first end of the pyrolysis chamber 101 is the lower-lying end of the pyrolysis chamber 100.

[0135] Fig. lb to 5 show different embodiments of a in particular mobile reactor 1 to convert a batch of biomass in a batch process into biochar . The reactor 1 comprises a pyrolysis chamber 100 for receiving the biomass and advantageously a combustion chamber 200 for the combustion of gas produced during pyrolysis of the biomass in the pyrolysis chamber 100.

[0136] A longitudinal axis 110 of the pyrolysis chamber 100 extends from a first end of the pyrolysis chamber 101 to a second end of the pyrolysis chamber 102.

[0137] Advantageously, the combustion chamber 200 is arranged in fluid connection and adj acent to or nearby the second end of the pyrolysis chamber 102 in direction of the gas ascent .

[0138] In the intended use of the reactor 1, when placed on a ground, the pyrolysis chamber 100 is aligned in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber 110 forms a target angle a of 20°-50° to the horizontal, wherein the first end of the pyrolysis chamber 101 is the lower-lying end of the pyrolysis chamber 100.

[0139] Advantageously, the reactor 1 comprises at least three legs 11 to set up the reactor 1 on the ground. The at least three legs 11 are adjustable in height to align the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber 110 with reference to the horizontal, to form the target angle a .

[0140] In an advantageous embodiment of the reactor 1, the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber ( 110) has a length 1 of 1 . 5m < 1 < 3m, in particular of 1 . 8m < 1 < 2.5m.

[0141] Fig. lb shows an embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor 1 wherein the combustion chamber 200 is arranged adj acent to the second end of the pyrolysis chamber 102, in fluid connection with the pyrolysis chamber

[0142] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docx100 such that the gases produced during the pyrolysis process ascend from the pyrolysis chamber 100 into the combustion chamber 200.

[0143] Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor 1 wherein the reactor is standing on three legs 11. In addition, a chimney 400 is arranged on top of the combustion chamber 200.

[0144] Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor 1 comprising a hinge 300 to connect the combustion chamber 200 with the pyrolysis chamber 100 in a way that the combustion chamber 200 is foldable up and down from the pyrolysis chamber 100.

[0145] In addition, advantageously, the reactor 1 might further comprise a loading facility 111 arranged on a longitudinal side of the pyrolysis chamber 100. The loading facility 111 might be a flap . In a further advantageous embodiment of the reactor 1, the pyrolysis chamber 100 might comprise an unloading facility 112 arranged at or near by the first end of the pyrolysis chamber 101 to unload the biochar .

[0146] Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show a further embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor 1 comprising further a first air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 121 to control the primary air or gas flow into the pyrolysis chamber 100 and / or a second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 122 to control the secondary air or gas flow into the pyrolysis chamber 100.

[0147] Advantageously, the first air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 121 is arranged at or nearby the first end of the pyrolysis chamber 101. In particular, the primary air or gas flow through the first air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 121 might be controllable with a rosette mechanism.

[0148] Further advantageously, the second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 122 is arranged at or nearby the second end of the pyrolysis chamber 102. In particular wherein the second air or gas flow through the second air

[0149] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxor gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 122 is controllable with a slider .

[0150] In a further advantageous embodiment, the combustion chamber 200 comprises a third air or gas inlet 223 to control the third air or gas flow into the combustion chamber 200.

[0151] Further advantageously, the reactor 1 might further comprise a control system to control the air or gas flow through the first air or gas inlet 121 and / or the second air or gas inlet 122 of the pyrolysis chamber and / or the third air or gas flow through the third air or gas inlet 223 in the combustion chamber 200.

[0152] The embodiment of Fig. 4 shows further a mobile reactor 1 comprising an in particular removable shell 130 which is arranged at least partially around the pyrolysis chamber 100 and the second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 122, such that a channel 131 forms between the outer surface of the pyrolysis chamber 100 and the shell 130 in a way that the secondary air flow passes the channel 131 before it enters the pyrolysis chamber 100 through the second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 122.

[0153] Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of the in particular mobile reactor 1, wherein the combustion chamber 200 comprises at least one obstacle 210 to optimize the combustion process . Of course, the combustion chamber 200 might advantageously comprise multiple obstacles 210 for optimization .

[0154] Advantageously, the embodiments as shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 are all suitable to conduct a method to convert biomass into biochar .

[0155] Advantageously, the embodiment of the reactor 1 as shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 are all suitable to be used for converting biomass into biochar .

[0156] Advantageously, the pyrolysis chamber is adapted to load biomass pieces of at least 1.5m length . Further advantageously, the reactor 1 comprises individual modules for building the reactor 1, in particular, wherein

[0157] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxeach module is below 100 kg of weight, in particular below 75kg of weight . Such modules might be e . g. the pyrolysis chamber 100, wherein even the pyrolysis chamber 100 might comprise more than one module, and / or the combustion chamber 200, and / or the chimney 400, and / or the hinge 300, and / or the at least three legs 11, and / or any other assembly parts .

[0158] Fig. 6a und 6b show further embodiments of the in particular mobile reactor 1. In particular in Fig. 6a und 6b, a connecting element 500 between the pyrolysis chamber 100 and the combustion chamber 200 comprises fourth air or gas inlet 501. In particular, the fourth air inlet 501 might be an individual inlet or multiple inlets and might have a shape of an opening or a slot . The embodiments as shown in Fig. 6a and 6b can further comprise further features as described in the embodiments before (e . g. obstacles, hinge, chimney, first air or gas inlet, second air or gas inlet, etc . ) . Further advantageously, the embodiments as shown in these figures might comprise first 121 and or second 122 gas or air inlets .

[0159] Fig. 1 to 6b show in particular embodiments of the in particular mobile reactor that might be used to conduct a method according to the second aspect of the invention and / or to a use of the in particular mobile reactor .

[0160] For reasons of clarity and to avoid overloading the figures, not all features described in the specification and / or defined in the claims are necessarily depicted in each figure, and not all reference signs are shown. However, the features disclosed in connection with the various embodiments may be combined with one another in any suitable manner, unless explicitly indicated otherwise .

[0161] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docxReference Table

[0162] I In particular mobile reactor

[0163] II At least three legs of the reactor

[0164] 100 Pyrolysis chamber

[0165] 101 First end of pyrolysis chamber

[0166] 102 Second end of pyrolysis chamber

[0167] 110 Longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber III Loading facility

[0168] 112 Unloading facility

[0169] 121 First air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 122 Second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber 130 Removable shell

[0170] 131 Channel

[0171] 200 Combustion chamber

[0172] 223 Third air or gas inlet

[0173] 210 Obstacles

[0174] 300 Hinge

[0175] 400 Chimney

[0176] 500 Connecting element

[0177] 501 Fourth air or gas inlet

[0178] a Target angle

[0179] AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docx

Claims

24Claims1. A mobile reactor ( 1 ) to convert a batch of biomass into biochar in a batch process comprising a pyrolysis chamber ( 100) for receiving the biomass,wherein a longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber ( 110) extends from a first end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 101 ) to a second end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 102 ) ,in the intended use of the reactor ( 1 ) when placed on a ground, the pyrolysis chamber ( 100) is aligned in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber ( 110) forms a target angle (a) of 20°-50° to the horizontal, wherein the first end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 101 ) is the lower-lying end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 100) .

2. The mobile reactor according to claim 1, comprising further a combustion chamber (200) for the combustion of gas produced during pyrolysis of the biomass in the pyrolysis chamber ( 100) ,wherein the combustion chamber (200) is arranged in fluid connection and adj acent to or nearby the second end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 102 ) in direction of the gas ascent .

3. The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to claim 2, comprising further a hinge (300 ) to connect the combus-tion chamber (200) with the pyrolysis chamber ( 100) in a way that the combustion chamber (200) is foldable up and down from the pyrolysis chamber ( 100) .

4. The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber ( 110) has a length 1 of 1 . 5m < 1 < 3m, in particular of 1 . 8m < 1 < 2.5m.AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docx5 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 4 , wherein the combustion chamber ( 200 ) comprises at least one obstacle ( 210 ) to optimi ze the combustion process .6 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims , wherein the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) comprises a loading facility ( 111 ) , in particular arranged on a longitudinal side of the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) .7 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims , further comprising at least three legs ( 11 ) to set up the mobile reactor ( 1 ) on the ground, wherein the at least three legs ( 11 ) are adj ustable in height to align the longitudinal axis of the pyrolysis chamber ( 110 ) with reference to the hori zontal , to form the target angle (a) .8 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims , wherein the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) comprises• a first air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber ( 121 ) to control the primary air or gas flow into the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) and / or• a second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber ( 122 ) to control the secondary air or gas flow into the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) .9 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to claim 8 , wherein the first air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber ( 121 ) is arranged at or nearby the first end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 101 ) ,in particular, the primary air or gas flow through the first air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber ( 121 ) is controllable with a rosette mechanism .AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docx10 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to claim 8 or 9 , wherein the second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber ( 122 ) is arranged at or nearby the second end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 102 ) ,in particular wherein the secondary air or gas flow through the second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber ( 122 ) is controllable with a slider .11 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 9 to 10 , wherein the mobile reactor ( 1 ) comprises further a control system to control the air or gas flow through the first air or gas inlet ( 121 ) and / or the second air or gas inlet ( 122 ) of the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) .12 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 8 to 11 , wherein an in particular removable shell ( 130 ) is arranged at least partially around the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) and the second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber ( 122 ) , such that a channel ( 131 ) forms between the outer surface of the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) and the shell ( 130 ) in a way that the secondary air or gas flow passes the channel ( 131 ) before it enters the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) through the second air or gas inlet of the pyrolysis chamber ( 122 ) .13 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims , wherein the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) comprises an unloading facility ( 112 ) arranged at or nearby the first end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 101 ) to unload the biochar .14 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 13 , wherein the combustion chamber ( 200 ) comprises a third air or gas inlet ( 223 ) to control the third air or gas flow into the combustion chamber ( 200 ) .AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docx2715 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the claims 2 to 14 further compris ing a connecting element ( 500 ) adapted to connect the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) with the combustion chamber ( 200 ) , wherein the connecting element ( 500 ) comprises at least one fourth air inlet ( 501 ) .16 . The mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims , comprising individual modules for building the mobile reactor ( 1 ) , in particular, wherein each module is below 100 kg of weight , in particular below 75 kg of weight .17 . Method for converting a batch of biomass into biochar in a batch process with a mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to claim 1 to 0 , comprising• Loading the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) with biomass ,• Pyrolysis of the biomass in the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) , and• Unloading of the biochar from the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) .18 . Method according to claim 17 , comprising • Open the second air or gas inlet ( 122 ) at the second end of the pyrolysis chamber ( 102 ) to provide a primary air or gas flow,• Closing the second air or gas inlet ( 122 ) as soon as the heat in the pyrolysis chamber ( 100 ) increases to a temperature that establishes a chimney ef fect in the chamber ( 100 ) such that air draws through the first air or gas inlet ( 121 ) .19 . Use of the mobile reactor ( 1 ) according to claim 1 to 0 for converting a batch of biomass into biochar in a batch process .AR / P195019PC002026-03-25 final.docx

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