Method for connecting an outer part to an inner part

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for connecting an outer part (23) to an inner part (20), wherein the inner part (20) and the outer part (23) are positioned relative to each other in such a way that the inner part (20) is at least partially inside the outer part (23), and then a gap (34) between the inner part (20) and the outer part (23) is reduced, in that this reduction is carried out by producing at least one liquid melting zone (49), subsequently solidifying the at least one liquid melting zone (49) and shrinking the outer part (23) onto the inner part (20) due to the solidification, and then at least one integrally bonded connection point (61) is produced between the outer part (23) and the inner part (20).

Description

[0001] R. 417011

[0002] - 1 -

[0003] Description

[0004] title

[0005] Method for connecting an outer part to an inner part

[0006] State of the art

[0007] It is well known that joining permanent magnets to objects made of other metals is a challenging task. This is especially true for rare-earth permanent magnets, such as mixtures of neodymium, iron, and boron. The resulting welds are often characterized by pores and / or cracks, which compromise the strength of the joint. Beyond these material-related challenges, there are also manufacturing-related hurdles to overcome. This is particularly true when there is a gap or space between the magnet and the object to which it is to be welded. Depending on the size of the gap, weak points can then develop in the weld joint between the two components and the weld itself.These are, in particular, defects not visible from the outside, such as pores and / or cracks. While the aforementioned gap size can potentially be addressed using known machining methods, these methods present two fundamental problems: firstly, the joining partners must be measured meticulously and, if necessary, combined through equally complex pairing procedures to achieve a gap size within a technically acceptable range. This results in significant time expenditure and, understandably, high manufacturing costs. Even if simplified measures can be implemented to overcome this technical obstacle, the problem remains that multiple suppliers of a joining partner, and thus R. 417011.

[0008] - 2 -

[0009] Due to the associated differing manufacturing tolerances, this is only possible with further increased effort. The technical approach proposed here is intended to overcome the difficulties outlined.

[0010] Embodiments of the invention

[0011] From a first perspective, a method for joining an outer part to an inner part is provided, wherein the inner and outer parts are positioned relative to each other such that the inner part is at least partially located inside the outer part. Following this step, a further step is provided to reduce the gap between the inner and outer parts. This reduction is achieved by generating at least one liquid melt zone, followed by the solidification of this liquid melt zone. The associated solidification shrinkage causes the outer part to shrink onto the inner part. In a further step, at least one metallurgical bond is then created between the outer and inner parts.These proposed measures ensure that when creating the material-bonded joint, the gap between the inner and outer parts is reduced, thereby avoiding or reducing the risk of defects forming in the material-bonded joint (welded joint).

[0012] According to a further embodiment, the at least one material-bonded connection is achieved by partially melting the outer part and partially melting the inner part. This means that the outer part is melted, i.e., liquefied, in at least one area or location. In particular, it is provided that the outer part is completely penetrated locally with molten material in the direction of the inner part. The liquefied material of the outer part and the liquefied material of the inner part mix at least partially, then solidify and cool. This creates the aforementioned material-bonded connection between the outer and inner parts. The melting of the outer and inner parts occurs almost simultaneously. This approach also has the advantage of improving heat conduction from the outer to the inner part by reducing the gap, and thus...due to the improved heat conduction, a form of the resulting connection point technically R. 417011.

[0013] - 3 -

[0014] This can be implemented more advantageously. In particular, this reduces the notch effect at the transition point between the outer and inner parts.

[0015] According to another aspect of the invention, a liquefied material of the outer part and a liquefied material of the inner part mix at least partially, thereby locally forming at least a new alloy and cooling down, thus creating a materially bonded connection.

[0016] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material-bonded connection between the outer and inner parts is to be formed in a mandrel-like shape, i.e., in the form of a mandrel. Instead of the word "mandrel," a general description such as a paraboloid, a stake, a rod-shaped, or pin-shaped connection could also be used. This is intended to express that the material-bonded connection extends in three dimensions, but in this case, a pin or rod shape is created for the material-bonded connection—and here, in particular, for the formerly liquefied portion. Alternatively, this material-bonded connection can also be described as hemispherical. Another alternative is that the material-bonded connection extends radially inward along a single direction of propagation.One advantage of such a material-jointed connection is that its production is particularly simple, since any energy input required to create the connection, for example in the form of radiation, in the simplest case only needs to be directed in a single direction and to a single location on the outer part and only needs to act there for a preferably specific period of time in order to create the connection.

[0017] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material-bonded connection point is designed in an annular form. For this purpose, for example, a "point-shaped" energy transfer point, i.e., an energy transfer point with a macroscopically "small" area, is moved along an annular or circular path on a surface of the outer part, so that preferably through at least one, but possibly also several, rotations of the energy transfer point, an annular, solidified after melting, is formed. 417011

[0018] - 4 -

[0019] A molten zone forms, creating the metallurgical bond. This ring-shaped design of the solidified melt, or ring-shaped metallurgical bond, results in a larger force transmission area compared to a simple metallurgical bond, such as a mandrel-shaped one, at the same bond depth in the inner part. Furthermore, a ring-shaped metallurgical bond also has a cross-sectional area at the radially internal transition point between the solidified melt and the previously unmelted material of both the outer and inner parts. Overall, this results in a potentially high-strength or even higher-strength bond.

[0020] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material-bonded connection is designed around a central axis, the central axis being oriented perpendicular to an outer surface of the outer part. This results in an even stronger connection. This can be achieved because the ring-shaped material-bonded connection thus designed results in a contact area between the liquefied and then solidified material and the solidified material of the inner and outer parts being significantly larger than the simple surface area of ​​the mandrel-shaped connection.

[0021] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material-bonded connection point is arranged in a specific position relative to a central plane of the inner part. A central plane of the inner part can be described, for example, as follows: in the case of a purely cylindrical inner part, a central plane is conceived such that it is arranged at half the height of the cylindrical inner part as a plane-parallel displacement of the respective end faces of the inner part. This half-height is intended to correspond to a central location of the inner part. Accordingly, the material-bonded connection point is arranged offset from this central plane of the inner part.This has the advantage, for example, that if the inner part is to interact with another element not yet mentioned, in such a case of interaction the inner part is stressed by the interaction on the side of the central plane where the material-bonded connection point is not located. Thus, this area stressed by this type of load tends to be protected by R. 417011.

[0022] - 5 -

[0023] The joint is less weakened. Such a case can occur, for example, if the external effect is due to a magnetic field, particularly a permanent magnetic field. In such a case, if the inner part was magnetized before the welding process, the permanent magnetic field is indeed weakened by the welding process, but this weakening is less significant due to the location beyond the central plane. If, for example, the metallurgical joint were on the same side of the central plane as the external effect of the permanent magnet, or had another function, such as mechanical torque transmission, then this side of the inner part would be weakened more significantly by the metallurgical joint.

[0024] In a further embodiment of the method, the depth of the joint in the inner part is less than the material thickness of the outer part. Such a selected depth has the advantage that, firstly, the inner part is subjected to less mechanical stress during the welding process than if the joint depth were greater, and secondly, the volumetric extent of any change in the microstructure of the inner part would be smaller than if this depth were greater. This is particularly important if the inner part is a magnet, since melting or remelting the magnetic material at this point (and beyond) reduces or eliminates the magnetic properties of the melted area. The permanent magnet is thus weakened.

[0025] According to another aspect, positioning the inner part within the outer part creates a common overlap length. It is intended that the outer part is connected to a stop, preferably as a single piece. The inner part is to be moved towards this stop or even abut it. In such a position, the distance from the center of the connection point to the stop should be less than half the common overlap length. It was found that during the process step of reducing the gap between the outer and inner parts, the outer part deforms unevenly to a certain extent. This uneven deformation of the outer part results in the formation of a contact point or contact surface of the outer part on the inner part, which R. 417011

[0026] - 6 -

[0027] between the stop and a previously mentioned central plane of the inner part. This improves the quality of the gap between the outer and inner parts in this area (it reduces the size), allowing for a higher quality joint.

[0028] According to a further embodiment, the aforementioned method creates at least one crack in the inner part, originating from the joint. The preferred origin of the crack from the joint preferably means that the crack is located at a transition zone between the solidified melt and the area of ​​the inner part that remains unmelted by the proposed method. This weakening of the connection between the inner and outer parts has the advantage that, under any stress between the inner and outer parts, the solidified area (solidified melt zone), i.e., for example, the mandrel-shaped or ring-shaped part of the joint, tends to retain its shape due to the resulting crack.This means that if the actual joint (weld) should fail, a mechanical connection in the form of a positive-locking connection between the inner and outer parts remains due to the existing crack, for example, in the case of complete weld failure. The joint preferably remains integrally bonded to the outer part, with at least part of the joint or the former joint, in the form of at least part of the ring or mandrel, located within a cladding contour (for example, the cylindrical shell) of the inner part, so that a complete positive lock is created, particularly after complete failure of the bond.

[0029] From another perspective, the crack is designed to be located at a transition zone between the solidified melt and the unmelted zone of the inner part. Placing the crack at this transition zone creates a defined predetermined breaking point, preventing uncontrolled failure of the metallurgical bond. This enables a "controlled" fracture behavior in which the primary bond fails, but a residual mechanical bond is already in place, preventing the inner part from completely falling out or detaching. This increases the operational reliability of the component, particularly under R. 417011.

[0030] - 7 -

[0031] unexpected or extreme loads, without the need to over-dimension the original material bond itself.

[0032] Another consideration is that unmelted material from the inner part is present between the crack and the joint. The presence of this unmelted material between the crack and the joint better protects the integrity of the joint itself. This means that the metallurgical bond is not directly weakened or completely compromised, even in the event of cracking. The unmelted material acts as a kind of deflection zone, maintaining the mechanical stability of the actual joint (fusion zone) to the outer part, while the crack can separate the inner part from the outer part in a controlled manner, propagating around the unmelted material under load.

[0033] From another perspective, it is intended that pull-out forces act between the outer and inner parts, counteracting the retention of the inner part in the outer part and thus causing the crack to widen. The design makes it possible to control and utilize the crack's expansion through targeted external pull-out forces. This is advantageous for applications where controlled separation or defined compliance under tensile load is desired. It also allows the function of the residual positive connection to be tested or initiated under real-world loading conditions without the primary connection failing suddenly and uncontrollably.

[0034] Another consideration is that, under the pull-out forces, the joint remains connected to the outer part, and material areas between the joint and the crack remain connected to the outer part. This ensures that even with controlled crack propagation under pull-out forces, the material bond between the outer part and the relevant material areas of the inner part remains intact. This creates and reliably maintains the residual positive connection, preventing the inner part from being completely lost or falling out uncontrollably if the primary connection completely breaks. This prevents the detached part of R. 417011 from...

[0035] - 8 -

[0036] The inner part enters areas of an associated device and impairs other functions there.

[0037] Another aspect is that, under further increased pull-out forces, a positive-locking connection is created between the outer and inner parts after a complete tear-out. This advantageously provides a two-stage safety mechanism. After the failure of the material-bonded connection under increased pull-out forces, a positive-locking connection immediately engages. This prevents a sudden and complete failure of the component and thus enables an "emergency mode."

[0038] Another aspect of the design is that a complete tear-off creates a positive locking connection via a rounded, spherical undercut in a crack counter-contour. The specific geometric shape of the undercut (rounded, spherical) ensures a particularly robust and stable positive locking connection with a relatively large cross-section after complete tear-off. A spherical geometry thus offers high strength, especially shear strength, against further pull-out forces and can effectively absorb rotationally symmetrical forces, maximizing the reliability of the emergency connection and making further loosening or wedging of the parts more difficult.

[0039] From another perspective, it is stipulated that the surface of a complete crack should have a spherical or paraboloid shape. The targeted design of the crack surface as a spherical cap or paraboloid enables the geometrically optimized formation of a positive-locking residual connection, which offers high stability and load-bearing capacity even after the complete failure of the material-bonded connection. These shapes are inherently resistant to pull-out forces and offer high surface pressure when the inner part is wedged in the outer part. This ensures that the inner part remains securely in the outer part even in an emergency and cannot be uncontrollably dislodged, thus increasing the safety and reliability of the component even in its damaged state. Achieving this shape leads to improved mechanical locking properties. R. 417011

[0040] - 9 -

[0041] Another approach involves first manufacturing the inner part from a magnetizable material and then magnetizing it. Preferably, the magnetization should take place before the inner part is inserted into the outer part. This has the advantage that the quality of the magnetization is better than magnetization that occurs after the inner part has been inserted into the outer part.

[0042] In connection with the magnetization, it is advantageously provided that at least one north pole and one south pole are formed on one end face of the inner part, while at least one north pole and one south pole are formed oppositely on the other, i.e., opposite, end face of the inner part. That is, a north pole and a south pole are formed on one end face, and on the other opposite end face, a south pole is formed opposite the one north pole, and a north pole is formed opposite the one south pole on one end face and on the other end face. Such an arrangement allows the position of an end face of the inner part to be detected by a sensor.

[0043] The aforementioned design results in a further characteristic: at least one magnetically neutral point is formed on a surface of the inner part. Based on the description of the pole and counterpole positions given above, with one north pole and one south pole on each end face, a magnetically neutral point (essentially a magnetically neutral point) is formed diametrically opposite each other on a surface. Such a magnetically neutral point has the advantage of being particularly suitable for forming a metallurgical connection, as such a metallurgical connection at this magnetically neutral point results in a particularly low influence on the magnetic poles or the magnetic field. This means that an inner part designed as a permanent magnet is particularly easy to detect and evaluate compared to a sensor or sensor arrangement.

[0044] According to a further design, the gap is reduced to zero, so that a joint or joining point is formed. As is particularly clear from the above, this is governed by R. 417011.

[0045] - 10 -

[0046] The advantage is that a joint can be made particularly robust, as defects such as voids occur very rarely. If additional pressure is applied between the outer and inner parts (press fit after joining), a temporarily durable connection is created between the inner and outer parts, for example, during handling in a production facility, making separation of these two elements due to unforeseen events unlikely. Furthermore, the gap, reduced to zero and thus forming a joint or joining point, is expected to be completely zero around the outer circumference of the inner part, making the subsequently created joint or joints particularly durable.

[0047] If the reduction of the gap between the inner part and the outer part is achieved by generating at least one liquid melt zone on the outside of the outer part, which then becomes a solid melt zone upon cooling, this has the advantage that the gap reduction can be effected without contact and, as a result, no special forces act on the inner part, especially if it is made of a permanent magnetic material or a permanently magnetically excitable material, so that damage to this material of the inner part can be largely ruled out.

[0048] If at least one liquid melt zone is created on the outer circumference of the outer part, this is advantageous due to the particularly good accessibility of this outer circumference.

[0049] In a particular embodiment of the generation of the at least one liquid melt zone, it is provided that this zone has at least one melt zone circumferentially around the outer circumference of the outer part, which is preferably generated by superimposing the velocity of an outer surface of the outer part (in particular by rotation of the outer part) and the velocity of an energy transfer surface (in particular rotation about an axis that is not the same as the rotation axis of the outer part). Such a superposition of two different velocities results, when carried out continuously or at least partially continuously, in a melt zone arrangement R. 417011

[0050] - 11 -

[0051] or melting zone, which is recognizable on the outer circumference of the outer part in the form of a "horizontal spiral". This continuous implementation or design of the circumferential or partially circumferential melting zone has the advantage that it is generated continuously and consequently no "holding areas" of the energy transfer surface are created on the outer circumference, and thus the melting zone arrangement is preferably uniform over its entire length. This leads, for example, to a uniform, quasi-concentric, and in particular non-critical thermal effect on the inner part, which is especially advantageous in connection with an inner part made of a magnetic material.

[0052] According to a further embodiment of the invention, a movement of an energy transfer surface occurs over a diameter during the formation of the at least one melting zone arrangement. This diameter results from the aforementioned rotational movement of the energy transfer surface over the outer circumference of the outer part. Such a diameter can, for example, reach 70% to 80% of the axial length of the area of ​​the outer part intended for clamping. In contrast, a connection point is provided to have a diameter which, for example in the case of a point-shaped or mandrel-shaped design – see above – corresponds to the diameter of the point or mandrel. In the case of an annular design of the connection point, this diameter describes the largest diameter of the annular connection point.It is intended that the diameter of the energy transfer surface's movement is larger than the diameter of a connection point, or conversely, that the diameter of a connection point is smaller than the diameter of the energy transfer surface's rotating movement around the outer circumference of the outer part. An advantage of such an arrangement of diameters, or rather, the selection of the relative sizes of the two diameters, is that similar movements (rotation) can be executed when programming the production system. Similar movements, or a transition from one movement to another similar to the first, typically result in similar forces on a production device, meaning that no dead spots are reached in the movements, and consequently, no overload or localized high load occurs. R. 417011.

[0053] - 12 -

[0054] If the same energy transfer device, in particular an optical setup utilizing coherent, monochromatic light, e.g. a laser or an electron beam (highly focusable matter beam), is used for reducing the gap and creating the connection point, then the use and in particular the construction of another energy transfer device for generating different elements on the device is avoided.

[0055] Furthermore, a computer program is provided that is trained to perform all the steps of one of the procedures, or that it is programmed to perform a procedure when it is run on a computer.

[0056] A machine-readable storage medium is proposed on which the computer program is stored or on which the computer program is stored for use in a procedure.

[0057] A control unit should be designed to perform all steps of one of the procedures, or it should be programmed for use in one of the procedures.

[0058] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the figures shown below. They show:

[0059] Figure 1 shows a basic representation of an inner part to be joined and an outer part to be joined.

[0060] Figure 2 shows a representation of the inner part and the outer part after being pushed together,

[0061] Figure 3 shows the inner part and the outer part after melt-induced shrinkage of the outer part onto the inner part.

[0062] Figure 4 shows the inner part and the outer part during the melt-induced shrinkage of the outer part onto the inner part while the melt zone is still liquid, R. 417011

[0063] - 13 -

[0064] Figure 5 shows the inner part and the outer part during the melt-induced shrinkage of the outer part onto the inner part after the solidification of the at least one liquid melt zone.

[0065] Figure 6 shows the creation of a first embodiment of a welded connection between a permanent magnet and the outer part.

[0066] Figure 7 shows the creation of a second embodiment of a welded connection between a permanent magnet and the outer part.

[0067] Figure 8 shows a spatial view of an outer surface of an outer part with several embodiments of a combination of a melting zone and a position of a welded joint relative to a melting zone.

[0068] Figure 9 shows a view of an outer part after welding, including a representation of the relative position of a welded joint to a central plane to an inner part.

[0069] Figure 10 shows a further embodiment of an inner part to be joined and an outer part to be joined,

[0070] Figure 11 shows the position of a connection point relative to an inner part and to an outer part.

[0071] Figure 12 shows a development of an outer surface of an outer part and a representation of work steps.

[0072] Figure 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of the outer part with its outer surface,

[0073] Figure 14 shows another exemplary embodiment of the outer part with its outer surface,

[0074] Figure 15 shows an inner part including an example of magnetization, R. 417011

[0075] - 14 -

[0076] Figure 16 shows a representation of a permanently magnetic neutral point of an inner part,

[0077] Figure 17 shows an arrangement of an inner part and an outer part and an associated manufacturing device,

[0078] Figure 18 shows a manufacturing process in abstract form.

[0079] Figure 1 shows an inner part 20 and an outer part 23 coaxially aligned. These two parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are represented here in a very simplified form. The inner part 20 is a cylindrical body, and the outer part 23 is an annular cylindrical body. The axis 26 shown here can be either an axis of symmetry for the inner part 20 or an axis of symmetry for the outer part 23. In a first step S10, these two parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are prepared for the method described here. As indicated in Figure 1 by the two converging arrows 27 and 28, the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 are moved towards each other in step S13. It is less important which of these two parts is moved towards the other, or whether both parts are moved towards each other together.

[0080] Figure 2 shows how the two parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are pre-assembled for further steps of the process. After step S13, in which the two parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are moved towards each other, they are held in a target position relative to each other, as shown in Figure 2 (step S16: setting a target position). This target position refers in particular to position 31, in which both the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 occupy a target position. The target position, or position 31, can be determined, for example, by the inner part 20 being positioned with its left end face (in Figure 2) at position 31, and the outer part 23 being moved with its left end face (ring end face) towards position 31.When position 31 is assumed as a target position (common target position) of inner part 20 and outer part 23, it can be generally formulated or described that the inner part 20 is at a defined location at a target position and the outer part 23 is at a similarly defined location at R. 417011.

[0081] - 15 -

[0082] The target position is reached. If both parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are in the target position (position 31), there is an additional space between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23, which is referred to here as the gap 34 (joining gap). This gap 34 can vary in several respects. During the technical production of a combination of inner part 20 and outer part 23, semi-finished products of inner part 20 and outer part 23 are produced, which typically all have a different shape – strictly speaking. For example, the outer diameter of one inner part 20 can differ from the outer diameter of another inner part 20 (the usual case). The same applies to an outer part 23, where the inner diameter of one outer part 23 differs from the inner diameter of another outer part 23.Depending on the pairing of an inner part 20 with an outer part 23, a gap 34 can form that is unique and differs more or less significantly from the gap 34 and its shape of another pairing of an inner part 20 with another outer part 23. In the proposed method for connecting an outer part 23 with an inner part 20, in which the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 are positioned relative to each other such that the inner part 20 is at least partially inside the outer part 23, a further step S19 is performed in which the gap 34 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 is reduced. This reduction has the advantage that the gap 34 is reduced, for example, to a subsequently known dimension. In particular, it is provided that the dimension of the gap 34, i.e., its mean radial gap thickness (or, for example, its mean radial gap thickness), is determined.The gap width (reference to axis 26) has a dimension of zero, so that the gap 34 is formed or transformed into a joint or joining point. The gap thickness t34 produced by the reduction process can, in principle, also deviate from zero and have a larger actual dimension, which lies within, for example, a specified gap thickness tolerance. In a further step S22, it is provided that at least one material-bonded connection point is created between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20. Figure 3 shows how, after step S19, the dimension of the gap 34 between the inner diameter of the outer part 23 and the outer diameter of the inner part 20 is reduced to such an extent that the gap 34 now has a dimension t34 equal to zero (joint or joining point).

[0083] Figures 4 and 5 illustrate, in a simplified and exemplary manner, a procedure or a procedure step, step S19, which represents one possibility for a R. 417011

[0084] - 16 -

[0085] The gap 34 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 is to be reduced. Figure 4 shows an initial position, as also shown in Figure 2, for step S19 of the reduction process. Furthermore, Figure 4 shows an end 37 of an energy transport medium indicated here, which can, for example, be a fiber that guides high-energy light, for example, laser light or, more generally, an electromagnetic wave, to an opening 40 or energy output point. Figure 4 also shows a beam 43 that extends from the opening 40 and is directed towards an outer surface of the outer part 23. The outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 has, for example, the shape of a cylindrical shell. Figure 4 also shows that the beam 43 has an initial position, which is indicated there by dashed lines as if the beam 43 were striking the outer surface 46.This beam 43 is moved along the outer surface 46 to reduce the gap 34 and the outer part 23, so that in the edge regions of the outer part 23, which are parts of the outer surface 46, the material of the outer part 23 melts and thus forms a (briefly local) liquid melt zone 49. The term melt zone 49 used here can refer to a currently liquid melt zone 49 as well as to a formerly liquid melt zone 49, namely a solid or solidified melt zone 49. The creation of the liquid melt zone 49 is followed by the solidification of the liquid material, and with the solidification of the liquid material or the melt zone 49, the material of the outer part 23 shrinks in the region of the outer surface 46. This shrinkage of this at least one melt zone 49 results in a shortening of the outer part 23 in both the circumferential and axial directions.This causes the outer part 23 to shrink, primarily perpendicular to its circumferential direction. As a result, the outer part 23, with its inner surface 52, moves towards an outer surface 55 of the inner part 20, and upon contact with surface 55, a radial stress is exerted. The stress state in the outer part 23 can be influenced by the quantity or proportion of the melt zone 49 (or melt zones 49) within the outer part 23. In simplified terms, the shrinkage and the resulting radial stress increase with each additional mass / volume fraction of the melt zone 49.

[0086] As explained in the previous figures, especially Figure 4, it should be noted that the melting zone 49 shown in Figure 5 has now solidified. This melting zone 49 represents an unspecified quantity of solidified material R. 417011

[0087] - 17 -

[0088] the previously melted areas, which constitute one or more melt zones. According to the representation chosen here according to Figure 5, the gap dimension t34 = 0, i.e., the inner surface 52 of the outer part 23 now rests against the outer surface 55 of the inner part 20. In the case shown here, a clamping stress acts in the joint 58 between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 as a result of the radially imposed stresses, which arose from the gap 34, which has become zero, and then from further manufactured melt zones 49 or a further manufactured portion of melt zones 49 in the outer part 23.

[0089] The reduction of the gap 34 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 is thus achieved by generating at least one liquid melt zone 49, subsequently solidifying the at least one liquid melt zone 49 (solidification shrinkage) and, due to the solidification, shrinking the outer part 23 onto the inner part 20.

[0090] As already mentioned, after step S19, in which the outer part 23 is reduced to the inner part 20, a material-bonded connection point 61 is to be created, which is a connection between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20.

[0091] Figure 6 shows, by way of example, the creation of a connection point 61 between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 in step S22. Here, the material-bonded connection point 61 is again produced from liquefied material 63 using an energy conduction device, as already shown in Figure 4, in particular the same energy conduction device. Figure 6 shows the state of the combination of inner part 20 and outer part 23, as is already the case in principle for Figure 3 and in any case also for Figure 5. In the embodiment according to Figure 6, several melt zones 49 have been created on the outer circumference or on the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23. In this example, a further melt zone is created between two melt zones 49, which, however, is not only created in the outer part 23, but also in the inner part 20 for the aforementioned connection purpose.For this purpose, a jet 43 emerges from the end 37 – and in particular from the opening 40 of the end 37 – which can have the same properties as the jet 43 described in Figure 4. During the production of this connection point 61, the jet 43 is directed at the outer surface for a predetermined time at a location. R. 417011.

[0092] - 18 -

[0093] Surface 46 of the outer part 23 is directed. This type of creation of the connection point 61 results in a materially bonded connection point 61, which can be described as thorn-shaped or, for example, as paraboloid-shaped or as a shape that at least partially resembles or is equivalent to a paraboloid of revolution.The liquefied material 63 of the melt zone forming a metallurgical bond 61, consisting of the material 65 of the inner part 20 (for example, NdFeB, i.e., neodymium, iron, and boron), the outer part 23 (i.e., for example, a metal or alloy such as steel in general or a corrosion-resistant steel ("stainless steel"), and, for example, an additional protective layer intended to prevent corrosion of the inner part 20 (for example, a triple coating of nickel, copper, and nickel again), partially mixes, so that this partially mixed liquefied material 63 can cool together, thereby ultimately creating the metallurgical bond 61. In this process, a particularly heterogeneous alloy is formed from the material 64 of the outer part 23, optionally the protective layer, and the material 65 of the inner part.This alloy can be heterogeneous because different mixing ratios of the material 64 of the outer part 23, possibly including the protective layer, and the material 65 of the inner part are formed at different locations within this melt (liquefied material 63). As shown in Figure 6, such a connection point 61 can be created between melt zones 49, which have a different, previously mentioned function. It should also be noted here that step S22 of creating the connection point 61 has an effect on the outer part 23. Due to the previously introduced melt zones 49, an internal stress state of the outer part 23 increases. When the connection point 61 is created, in which material 64 of the outer part 23 and material 65 of the inner part 20 are liquefied, a portion of the cross-section of the outer part 23, and thus the outer part 23 itself, is somewhat relieved of stress because no stresses are transmitted at the location of the melt.To ensure that the inner surface 52 of the outer part 23 rests securely against the outer surface 55 of the inner part 20, it is preferably possible to provide that a press fit (interference fit) is ensured between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23, so that the internal stress of the outer part 23 is sufficiently high due to the stress relief effect from the production of a joint 61, preventing the formation of a gap 34 and thus preventing a slight deterioration in the quality of the joint 61. R. 417011.

[0094] - 19 -

[0095] Figure 7 illustrates how, in step S22, an alternative embodiment of a material-bonded connection 61 between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 is produced. As in the other embodiment, an energy transmission device is provided, from the end 37 of which a jet 43 emerges. This jet 43 is applied or directed by a device (not shown) in a circular or non-circular manner – preferably circularly – onto the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23. This circulation of the jet 43 liquefies material 64 of the outer part 23 and, shortly thereafter, material 65 of the inner part 20, according to the shape of the orbit of the energy-contact surface of the jet 43 on the outer surface 46. If the orbit is circular, a circular or annular connection 61 is formed, which has a central axis 68 (axis of symmetry) in the ring.The resulting melt ultimately solidifies in a ring shape, leaving a non-liquefied core 69 radially within the annular connection 61 around the central axis 68, which can also be referred to as a nozzle. The annular, material-jointed connection 61 is formed or manufactured around the central axis 68. It thus has the central axis 68 around which the annular, material-jointed connection 61 extends, with the central axis 68 being oriented perpendicular to an outer surface 46 of the outer part 23.

[0096] As can be seen in comparison with the connection point 61 carried out according to Figure 6, the size of a connection surface between liquefied material 63 from material 64 of the outer part 23 and from material 65 of the inner part 20 and solidified material of inner part 20 and outer part 23 is significantly larger than the simple surface of the mandrel-shaped connection point 61.

[0097] Figure 6 illustrates in principle that the depth tIT of the connection point 61 in the inner part 20 is less than the material thickness t23 of the outer part 23. This condition, formulated and illustrated in principle in Figure 6, is also preferably intended to apply to an annular connection point 61.

[0098] Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a specific phenomenon. Both Figure 6 and Figure 7 show an example of a crack 100. This crack 100, which originated in the inner part 20, is caused by material stresses that arise during the process. R. 417011

[0099] - 20 -

[0100] The cooling of the melt at the connection point 63 is caused by the formation of a crack. In a case where pull-out forces act between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20, i.e., forces that oppose holding the inner part 20 in the outer part 23, such a crack 100 can enlarge. These pull-out forces can occur, for example, during operation of the device between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20, for example, under the load of a permanent magnetic field emanating from the inner part 20 and interacting with a ferromagnetic partner.

[0101] Such a crack 100 preferably originates from the joint 61, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. The preferred origin of the crack 100 from the joint 61 preferably means that the crack 100 is located at a transition zone 101 between the solidified melt of the joint 61 and the zone 102 of the inner part 20 that is not melted by the proposed method. That is, the region of the crack 100 is at a material boundary between the joint 61 and the inner part 20.

[0102] Experiments have shown that the connection point 63 preferentially remains connected to the outer part 23, i.e., it does not tear off there, while material areas between the connection point 63 and a crack 100 remain bonded to the outer part 23, thus creating a positive-locking connection between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 (remaining inner part) in the extreme case (complete tearing off). As indicated by way of example in Figure 7, the crack 100 can, for example, continue in the shape of a spherical cap or cap (dashed line continuation), so that after a complete crack 100 (tearing off from the remainder of the inner part 20), the positive lock is formed on the outer part 23 by means of a rounded, cap-shaped undercut in a crack counter-contour. Without going into further details, a similar situation can occur in the embodiment according to Figure 6.While in the embodiment shown in Figure 7 the surface of a complete crack can be, for example, spherical, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6 it can be, for example, a paraboloidal surface. As can be seen in the examples shown in Figures 6 and 7, the situation can arise that between a region of the crack 100 and the joint 61 there is unmelted material 65 of the inner part 20. R. 417011.

[0103] - 21 -

[0104] Figure 8 shows another embodiment of a connection point 61 on an outer surface 46 in conjunction with the melting zones 49, which served to reduce the outer part 23 to the inner part 20. The embodiments of the connection points 61 shown in Figure 8 are mandrel-shaped or paraboloid-shaped connection points 61. The following descriptions also apply in principle to an annular connection point 61, as shown in Figure 7. The embodiments described for Figure 8 have in common that an outer part 23 is shrunk or reduced onto an inner part 20 by creating melting zones 49. A connection point 61 can, in principle, be placed between the melting zones 49, so that the functions of the melting zone(s) 49 and the connection point 61 are separate.Alternatively, for example, a connection point 61 can also be located at a position where at least part of a melt zone 49 has already been placed or manufactured. While there may be embodiments of combinations of inner part 20 and outer part 23 that exclusively have separate melt zones 49 and separate connection points 61, there may also be embodiments in which the connection points 61 are placed or manufactured exclusively at locations where a melt zone 49 has already been arranged or created. Furthermore, there may also be embodiments in which mixed arrangements are present on the outer circumference or on the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23, namely melt zones 49 that are not influenced by connection points 61 and their preceding melt zones.not remelted a second time by this connection point 61 and its preceding melt zone, and melt zones 49 that are or were remelted a second time by the manufacturing process of a connection point 61. It is also evident here that the diameter D61 of a connection point 61 is larger than the width B49 of a solid melt zone 49.

[0105] Figure 9 shows another embodiment of a combination of an inner part 20 and an outer part 23. As can be seen in Figure 9 when looking at the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23, various melting zones 49 are formed there, which served to reduce the outer part 23 to the inner part 20. Furthermore, the axis 26 is shown, and a central plane 70, or rather its position, is thus shown in principle. This central plane 70 is a central plane of the inner part 20. The position of this central plane 70 is intended for the R. 417011

[0106] - 22 -

[0107] In exemplary embodiments, the inner part 20 is understood to be, as before, a fundamentally prismatic body (including a circular cylinder) having a first end face 21 and a second star-shaped surface 22, with both end faces 21, 22 oriented in opposite directions (pointing away from each other). Midway between these two planes, i.e., through the center of the inner part 20, lies a conceptually inscribed plane 70 (central plane), which may, for example, be parallel to the end faces 21, 22. As shown in Figure 9, in one exemplary embodiment, a connection point 61 is to be offset from a central plane 70 of the inner part 20. It should be expressly mentioned here that the connection point 61 can also be located directly on the plane 70.

[0108] Figure 10 shows another embodiment. This embodiment has an outer part 23 which has a shape that differs from the embodiments described previously. This outer part 23 has a significantly more complex functionality. As in the embodiment described previously, this outer part 23 serves to receive an inner part 20 in its area shown on the right in Figure 10. In this respect, the functionality is the same as in the previous embodiment(s). Beyond this receiving area of ​​the outer part 23, there is an annular flange 80 extending essentially radially inwards with respect to the axis 26, to which a pipe extension 83 connects in an axial direction away from the inner part 20.The three sections of this outer part 23 – receiving area, flange 80, and pipe extension 83 – can be manufactured in one piece (preferred variant), but could also be assembled and manufactured by joining corresponding parts to form the outer part 23. The pipe extension 83 serves to be joined with a pin 86. In particular – although this is not of particular importance here – this pin 86 can be connected to the pipe extension 83 by fusion shrinking, as is done by the fusion zones 49. As already described for Figures 1 and 2, the inner part 20 is manufactured according to Figure 10 in accordance with the arrow 27 shown there, which essentially corresponds to the arrow 27 and its associated sequence of movements shown in Figures 1 and 2. The inner part 20 is inserted or pushed into the outer part 23, specifically into the receiving area. A gap 34 is formed, as already shown in Figure 2.An inner surface of the flange 80 serves as a stop 89R. 417011.

[0109] - 23 -

[0110] for the inner part 20 inserted into the outer part 23. As in the aforementioned embodiments, the outer part 23 is provided with the aforementioned melt zones 49 on its outer surface 46 at the point where the inner part 20 is received (using the same methods as described above), so that the receiving area of ​​the outer part 23 conforms to the outer surface 55 of the inner part 20. Here too, it is provided that a compression is created between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23.

[0111] Figure 11 discusses further possible details of this embodiment. As shown here, a connection point 61 is created from the outer circumference of the outer part 23 in the same way as in the previously described embodiments, as explained, for example, in Figures 6 and 7 and their accompanying descriptions. The plane 70, which is only imaginary and not visible, is also located centrally between the two end faces 21, 22 of the inner part 20. The interaction of the outer part 23, which is shrunk onto the inner part 20, with the inner part 20 results in, for example, the relationships described below. Inserting the inner part 20 up to the stop 89 of the outer part 23 results in a total overlap tUET. As shown here, the total overlap tUET is, for example, less than the width B20 of the inner part 20.Because, according to this embodiment shown in Figure 11, an inner part 20 is formed which projects beyond an outermost edge 92 of the outer part 23, a projection of the inner part 20, or protrusion tUEV of the inner part 20, results. It should be noted here that in the aforementioned embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 9, similarly extreme edges or outermost edges 92 can occur. These are typically due to the manufacturing process and are related to so-called weld distortion. Because, in this embodiment shown in Figures 10 and 11, a flange is formed on the side of the end face 22 of the inner part 20, weld distortion at this point is rather insignificant.The proposed method (melt shrinkage by generating melt zones 49) results in an annular contact surface on the outer circumference of the inner part 20 against an inner surface (inner circumference) of the outer part 23, which is part of the inner surface 52. The width of the contact surface is indicated here with reference lines and the designation BA. As shown here, it is intended that by positioning the inner part 20 in R. 417011.

[0112] - 24 -

[0113] The outer part 23 creates a common overlap length tUET, and the inner part 20 is moved to a stop 89 of the outer part 23. The distance from the center (central axis 68) of the connection point 61 to the stop 89 is less than half the common overlap length tUET.

[0114] Figure 12 shows a development of the outer surface 46 of an outer part 23. This figure 12 depicts a total of three developments, i.e., a representation of the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 across three developments between 0° and 360°, which also includes a temporal component of a processing sequence on the outer circumference of the outer part 23. The process begins spatially and temporally on the left side of the representation in Figure 12 (0°, point A). At this starting point A (beginning), a melt zone 49 is generated along the circumference of the outer surface 46. This melt zone 49, as illustrated here, is created by the superposition of a rotating movement of an energy transfer point, generated by a stationary device that begins, for example, at point A, and a simultaneous rotating movement of the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 around the axis 26.Depending on the ratio of the rotational speed of the energy transfer point and the movement of the outer surface 46 (rotation), different shapes of this "spiral" shown in Figure 12 result. As can be seen, for example, in Figure 12, the melting zone 49 has a total of twelve loops 103. In this example, these loops are tangent to each other at one point each. Depending on the aforementioned ratio of the rotational speed of the energy transfer surface and the rotational speed of the outer part 23, the loops 103 can, for example, intersect, i.e., two adjacent or immediately adjacent loops 103 form two points of intersection. Here in this example, two immediately adjacent loops 103 are tangent to each other. The loops 103 could also be designed such that the loops 103 are adjacent with a gap between them.

[0115] During one revolution of the outer part 23 around the axis 26 from 0° to 360°, a total of twelve loops 103 are formed. This means that the energy transfer surface completes a total of twelve revolutions during one revolution of the outer part 23. The melting zone 49 ends at point E. This process of R. 417011

[0116] - 25 -

[0117] The formation of the melt zone 49 results in a reduction of the gap 34 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 through this exemplary process step. According to the procedure, at least one metallurgical connection 61 is created between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 after this process. In the embodiment chosen here, four metallurgical connections 61 are subsequently created between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20. These four connections 61 are also designed as annular connections 61. As can be seen here, a rotating movement of an energy transfer surface over a diameter DO is provided, with a diameter D1 at the connection being smaller than the diameter DO.It is specifically provided that the ratio of the diameter DO of a moving energy transfer surface to the diameter D1 of a connection point 61 is selected to be D0 / D1 = 5...10, and in particular D0 / D1 = 5. With regard to the ratio of the width BA of the bearing surface to the diameter D1 of a connection point 61, a ratio BA / D1 = 4...8 is provided.

[0118] After the creation of at least one melting zone 49 by reaching point E, in this example, the transfer of energy via the energy transfer point to an outer circumference or the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 is terminated for a short time or for a corresponding partial revolution of the outer part 23. The outer part 23 is thus rotated—relative to a last location E of a last energy transfer for the purpose of reducing the gap 34—to a first location P61, so that a first connection point 61 can be created, or rather, at which a first connection point 61 is to be created. After this location P61 (first location) is reached, energy is transferred at this first location P61 to create the first connection point 61.Depending on the desired design of the connection cell 61, energy can be briefly transferred to the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 while at rest, in order to create a connection point 61 that has the aforementioned mandrel shape or the shape of a paraboloid of revolution. Alternatively, the material-jointed connection cell 61 can also be designed in a ring shape. In this case, the energy transfer point rotates at the designated location P61 to create the first material-jointed connection point 61, for example, with the outer part 23 stationary (no rotation of the outer part 23). After creation, R. 417011.

[0119] - 26 -

[0120] At this first connection point 61, the energy transmission is switched off. Regarding the selection of the location P61 for the first creation of a connection point 61 after reaching the endpoint E, it is provided that this first location is between +370° and -370°, preferably 360°, away from the last energy transmission point that served to reduce the gap 34. Such a position for such a first connection point 61 is particularly suitable for connections consisting of an inner part 20 and an outer part 23, which have four, five, or six connection points 61 on the circumference of the outer part 23. After this creation of the first connection point 61, it is provided that a second connection point 61 is created.For this second location, it is provided that it is situated at a distance of between 135° and 225° – preferably 180° – from the first location, and that energy is transferred there to generate the second connection point 61. For this purpose, after the first connection point 61 has been generated, the energy is switched off again (no energy is transferred to the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23), then the outer part 23 is moved (rotated) to the designated location (second location), and the energy transfer point is switched on again there, i.e., energy is transferred to generate the second connection point 61. To generate a third connection point 61, it is provided analogously that, after the second connection point 61 has been generated, the energy transfer point is no longer supplied with energy (switched off).(no further energy supply) and to rotate the external part 23 further to the position (third location) where the third connection point 61 is to be created, and then to switch the energy on again in order to create a third connection point 61 by means of the additional energy transmission point that then arises. The location of the third connection point 61 is between the first location of the first connection point 61 and the second location of the second connection cell 61. A fourth transmission point can then, for example, be placed between the first connection point 61 and the second connection point 61.

[0121] According to the illustration in Figure 12, the process of energy transfer for reducing the gap 34 and creating connection points 61 can proceed as follows: Reduction of the gap between points A and E during (ultimately) one revolution; after reaching point E, switching off the energy transfer; then rotation of the outer part 23 to the first location R. 417011

[0122] - 27 -

[0123] To create a first connection point 61 (e.g., rotation from position point E (position 360°) to the first location (e.g., position 720°, or tolerated, e.g., at a position around 720°, e.g., between 710° and 730°), such that the outer part 23 and the opening 40 are opposite each other at the first location, and cooling of the outer part 23 during the rotation). The energy transmission is switched on to create the first connection point 61 at the first location, then the energy transmission is switched off. Then the outer part 23 is rotated so that the outer part 23 and the opening 40 are opposite each other at the second location to create a second connection point 61. This second location is preferably opposite the first location, i.e., at position 900° (after a total of 2.5 rotations; or tolerated, e.g., at a position between 855° and 945°). Switch on the power transmission to generate the second connection point 61 at the second location, then switch off the power transmission.A third connection point 61 at the third location can, for example, be created between the first and second locations by rotating 90° from position 900°. A fourth connection point 61 at the fourth location can, for example, be created between the first and second locations by rotating 180° from position 990°. All positions can be toleranced within a specified angular range.

[0124] As an alternative to the example described above, a third connection point 61 at the third location can be created, for example, starting from position 900° and rotating by 270°, between the first and second locations. A fourth connection point 61 at the fourth location can be created, for example, starting from position 1170° and rotating by 180°, again between the first and second locations. All positions can be toleranced within a specified angular range.

[0125] Figure 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of the outer part 23 with its outer surface 46. The outer surface 46 shown here corresponds to the result of the process as described for Figure 12. As can be seen, the outer circumference of the outer surface 46 has the melting zone 49 with its twelve loops 103. As is also clearly shown here, the end E of the melting zone 49 is at the same angular position (0° or 360°) as the position of the beginning A of the melting zone 49. In this case, the positions of points A and ER are 417011.

[0126] - 28 -

[0127] even at the same position, i.e., at the same axial position with respect to axis 26. As is clearly shown in this illustration according to Figure 13, the connection points 61 are located between the loops 103 of the melting zone 49. Depending on the design of the melting zone 49, it is possible that the connection points 61 are created at locations where a section of the melting zone 49 has already been created. This means that the process of creating a connection point 61 then results in the melting zone 49 being melted a second time. It is also possible that a connection point 61 is created within a loop 103 of a melting zone 49.

[0128] Figure 14 shows another exemplary embodiment of the outer part with its outer surface. As mentioned previously, depending on the ratio of the orbital speed of the energy transfer surface and the rotational speed of the outer part 23, the loops 103 can, for example, intersect, i.e., two adjacent or immediately adjacent loops 103 form two intersection points. Furthermore, the following relative positions between loops 103 and connection points 61 are possible: A connection point 61 can be arranged on sections of two loops 103, a connection point 61 can be arranged within a loop 103, or a connection point 61 can be arranged on a section of a loop 103.

[0129] Figure 15 shows an inner part 20. This inner part 20 is, by way of example, cylindrical. This inner part 20 – designed as a magnet – has a magnetization that will be explained in more detail below. Like all the other previously mentioned inner parts 20, this inner part 20 has an end face 106, which here has a circular shape. The end face 106 has a lower half 107 and an upper half 108. In this example, this end face 106 is such that the lower half 107 corresponds to a permanent magnetic south pole S and the upper half 108 to a permanent magnetic north pole N. Accordingly, and as shown in Figure 15, the back side, or rather the upper half 108, is oriented in such a way that the lower half 107 corresponds to a permanent magnetic south pole S and the upper half 108 to a permanent magnetic north pole N.in the axial direction (axis 26) in the area of ​​the other axially oriented half of the inner part 20 also a permanent magnetic polarization, according to which behind the front permanent magnetic north pole N of the front face 106 there is a permanent magnetic south pole S and behind the front permanent magnetic south pole S of the front face 106 an R. 417011.

[0130] - 29 -

[0131] A permanent magnetic north pole N is located. Magnetization is carried out in such a way that at least one north pole N and one south pole S are formed on an end face 106 of the inner part 20, wherein at least one south pole S and one north pole N are formed oppositely on another, opposite end face 109 of the inner part 20 in the axial direction or direction of the axis 26.

[0132] As can be seen from Figure 15, in this embodiment, a neutral point 110 exists at a location on a lateral surface 112 (e.g., cylindrical surface) of the inner part 20 between the four different polarities, which is represented here by the two intersecting dashed lines. As is also evident from the physical properties, another neutral point 110 exists on the opposite side of the inner part 20 – not shown here, but actually present – ​​which is 180° opposite with respect to the axis 26. The neutral point 110 is also shown in Figure 16.

[0133] In the event that, for example, only two connection points 61 are to be provided, which constitute a material-bonded connection 61 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23, it is particularly preferred that the connection points 61 are each provided at a location that is a permanently magnetically essentially neutral location or the neutral point 110. According to another definition, it may be provided that the connection point 61 only approximately occupies a correspondingly optimal location, namely on a line 114, which is preferably arranged parallel to the axis 26 and describes a magnetic boundary line between two different polarities N, S at an end face 106, 107. This corresponds to line 114 in Figures 15 and 16.Accordingly, it is provided that in one embodiment at least one magnetically neutral point 110 is formed on the outer surface 112 of the inner part 20, in particular two, at which a material-jointed connection point 61 is created.

[0134] Figure 17 shows a device comprising a drive 125, which rotates the pin 86—or the already attached inner part 20 and outer part 23. The drive 120 accordingly drives an assembly 125. The melt zone 49 has already been formed on the outer surface 46. (Furthermore, R. 417011)

[0135] - 30 -

[0136] Two connection points 61 are already visibly formed, which are located at least partially on the melt zone 49. A device 123, which includes, for example, an energy converter for converting electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light, especially laser), is used to produce the melt zone 49 and the connection points 61. The energy is transported from the device 123 to the end 37 by means of a conductor 126, where it exits the opening 40 and strikes the outer surface 46. The point of impact is the aforementioned energy transfer surface 129. The device 123 is controlled by a control unit 130. This control unit 130 is configured to execute all steps of one of the aforementioned processes or is programmed for use in a process.This control unit 130 is assigned a machine-readable storage medium 133, or this medium is located within this control unit 130. A computer program 136 is stored on this storage medium 133 so that it can be used in one of the aforementioned procedures.

Claims

R. 417011 - 31 - Claims 1. Method for connecting an outer part (23) with an inner part (20), wherein the inner part (20) and the outer part (23) are positioned relative to each other such that the inner part (20) is at least partially inside the outer part (23), and then a gap (34) between the inner part (20) and the outer part (23) is reduced by generating at least one liquid melt zone (49), subsequently solidifying the at least one liquid melt zone (49) and shrinking the outer part (23) onto the inner part (20) as a result of the solidification, and then generating at least one metallurgical connection point (61) between the outer part (23) and the inner part (20).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one materially bonded connection point (61) is carried out by partially melting the outer part (23) and by partially melting the inner part (20).

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that a liquefied material (63) of the outer part (23) and a liquefied material (65) of the inner part (20) mix at least partially and cool down, thereby creating the materially bonded connection point (61).

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the material-bonded connection point (61) is produced in a mandrel shape, in particular in the manner of a paraboloid of revolution.

5. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the material-bonded connection point (61) is designed in an annular form. R. 417011 - 32 - 6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the annular material-jointed connection point (61) is designed around a central axis (68), wherein the central axis (68) is aligned perpendicularly to an outer surface (46) of the outer part (23).

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material-bonded connection point (61) is offset from a central plane (70) of the inner part (20).

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a depth (tIT) of the connection point (61) in the inner part (20) is made smaller than a material thickness (t23) of the outer part (23).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by positioning the inner part (20) in the outer part (23) a common overlap length (tUET) is generated and the inner part (20) is moved to a stop (89) of the outer part (23), wherein a distance of a center of the connection point (61) to the stop (89) is less than half of the common overlap length (tUET).

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one crack (100) is formed in the inner part (20) originating from the connection point (63).

11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the crack (100) is formed at a transition area (101) between the solidified melt and the unmelted zone (102) of the inner part (20).

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that unmelted material (65) of the inner part (20) is located between a region of the crack (100) and the connection point (61).

13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that pull-out forces act between the outer part (23) and the inner part (20) which provide a holding force. R. 417011 - 33 - the inner part (20) counteracts the outer part (23), and thereby the crack (100) increases.

14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that under the load of the pull-out forces the connection point (63) remains connected to the outer part (23), and material areas between the connection point (63) and the crack (100) remain connected to the outer part (23).

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that, under a further increased load of the pull-out forces, a positive-locking connection point is created between the outer part (23) and the inner part (20) after a complete tear-off.

16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that a positive locking is formed by means of a calotte-shaped undercut in a crack counter-contour by means of a complete tear-off.

17. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a surface of a complete crack has a calotte-shaped or a paraboloid shape.

18. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner part (20) is made of a magnetizable material and is subsequently magnetized.

19. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that magnetization is carried out such that at least one north pole (N) and one south pole (S) are formed on an end face (106) of the inner part (20), wherein at least one south pole (S) and one north pole (N) are formed oppositely on another end face (109) of the inner part (20).

20. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that at least one magnetically neutral area (110) is formed on a lateral surface (112) of the inner part (20), at which a material-bonded connection point (61) is created. R. 417011 - 34 - 21. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gap (34) is reduced to zero.

22. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that pressure is exerted between the outer part (23) and the inner part (20).

23. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one melting zone (49) has at least one melting zone (49) circumferentially around the outer circumference of the outer part (23), which is generated by superimposing a velocity of the outer surface of the outer part (23) and a velocity of an energy transfer surface.

24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that a movement of an energy transfer surface takes place over a diameter (DO), wherein a diameter (D1) of a connection point (61) is made smaller than the diameter (DO).

25. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reduction of the gap (34) and the connection point (61) are generated by the same energy transfer device, in particular laser melting device.

26. Computer program (136) that is configured or set up to perform steps of one of the methods according to any one of claims 1 to 25 or that it is programmed to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 25 when executed on a computer.

27. Machine-readable storage medium (133) on which the computer program (136) according to claim 26 is stored, or on which the computer program (136) according to claim 26 is stored for use in a method of claims 1 to 25. R. 417011 - 35 - 28. Control unit (130) configured to perform all steps of one of the methods according to any one of claims 1 to 25 or programmed for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.

Images