Device at least comprising an outer part and an inner part

Abstract

Device at least comprising an outer part (23) and an inner part (20), wherein the inner part (20) and the outer part (23) are positioned relative to one another such that the inner part (20) is located at least partially within the outer part (23), wherein a press fit acts between the outer part (23) and the inner part (20) in a joint, and wherein the outer part (23) and the inner part (20) are connected by at least one cohesive connection point (61).

Description

[0001] R. 417937

[0002] - 1 -

[0003] Description

[0004] title

[0005] Device comprising at least an outer part and an inner part

[0006] State of the art

[0007] It is well known that joining permanent magnets to objects made of other metals is a challenging task. This is especially true for rare-earth permanent magnets, such as mixtures of neodymium, iron, and boron. The resulting welds are often characterized by pores and / or cracks, which compromise the strength of the joint. Beyond these material-related challenges, there are also manufacturing-related hurdles to overcome. This is particularly true when there is a gap or space between the magnet and the object to which it is to be welded. Depending on the size of the gap, weak points can then develop in the weld joint between the two components and the weld itself.These are, in particular, defects not visible from the outside, such as pores and / or cracks. While the aforementioned gap size can potentially be addressed using known machining methods, these methods present two fundamental problems: firstly, the joining partners must be measured meticulously and, if necessary, combined through equally complex pairing procedures to achieve a gap size within a technically acceptable range. This results in significant time expenditure and, understandably, high manufacturing costs. Even if simplified measures can be implemented to overcome this technical obstacle, the problem remains that multiple suppliers of a joining partner, and thus R. 417937.

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[0009] Due to the associated differing manufacturing tolerances, this is only possible with further increased effort. The technical approach proposed here is intended to overcome the difficulties outlined.

[0010] Embodiments of the invention

[0011] From a first perspective, a device is provided, comprising at least an outer part and an inner part, wherein the inner and outer parts are positioned relative to each other such that the inner part is at least partially located within the outer part. A compression force acts in a joint between the outer and inner parts. Furthermore, the outer and inner parts are connected by at least one material-bonded joint. This proposed device enables the inner and outer parts to be pre-assembled, and subsequently, a solid connection between them is achieved by at least one material-bonded joint (welded joint). The compression force is generated by reducing the gap between the outer and inner parts.Reduction occurs through the creation of at least one liquid melt zone, followed by the solidification of this zone. The associated solidification shrinkage causes the outer part to shrink onto the inner part.

[0012] According to a further embodiment, the at least one metallurgical joint is said to comprise at least a portion of material from the outer part and a portion of material from the inner part. In particular, it is provided that the outer part is locally completely melted in the direction of the inner part. A liquefied portion of material from the outer part and a liquefied portion of material from the inner part form a metallurgical joint made of a new alloy between the outer part and the inner part.

[0013] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material-bonded connection between the outer part and the inner part is to be mandrel-shaped, i.e., shaped like a mandrel. Instead of the word "mandrel," a general description such as a paraboloid, a stake, a rod-shaped, or a pin-shaped connection could also be used. It is intended to be R. 417937

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[0015] It can be expressed that the material-bonded connection point extends in principle in three dimensions, but has a pin or rod shape – and here, in particular, the formerly liquefied portion. Alternatively, this material-bonded connection point can also be described as hemispherical. Another alternative is that the material-bonded connection point extends radially inwards along a single direction of propagation.One advantage of such a material-jointed connection is that its production is particularly simple, since any energy input required to create the connection, for example in the form of radiation, in the simplest case only needs to be directed in a single direction (radially inwards) and to a single location on the outer part, and only needs to act there for a preferably specific period of time in order to create the connection.

[0016] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material-bonded connection is designed in an annular form. For this purpose, for example, a "point-shaped" energy transfer point, i.e., an energy transfer point with a macroscopically "small" area, is moved along an annular or circular path on a surface of the outer part, so that preferably through at least one, but possibly also several, rotations of the energy transfer point, an annular molten zone, which solidifies after melting, is formed, creating the material-bonded connection. This annular design of the solidified melt or annular material-bonded connection results in a larger force transmission area—at the same depth of the connection point in the inner part—compared to a simple material-bonded connection, which—as mentioned above—is, for example, mandrel-shaped.Furthermore, a ring-shaped, material-bonded connection also has a cross-sectional area at the radially internal transition point between the solidified melt and the previously unmelted material of both the outer and inner parts. Overall, this results in a potentially highly resilient or even more resilient connection.

[0017] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material-bonded connection point is designed around a central axis, wherein the central R. 417937

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[0019] The axis is aligned perpendicularly to an outer surface of the outer part. This results in an even stronger connection point. This can be achieved because the ring-shaped, material-bonded connection point thus creates a contact area between the liquefied and then solidified material and the solidified material of the inner and outer parts that is significantly larger than the simple surface area of ​​the mandrel-shaped connection point.

[0020] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the material-bonded connection point is arranged in a specific position relative to a central plane of the inner part. A central plane of the inner part can be described, for example, as follows: in the case of a purely cylindrical inner part, a central plane is conceived such that it is arranged at half the height of the cylindrical inner part as a plane-parallel displacement of the respective end faces of the inner part. This half-height is intended to correspond to a central location of the inner part. Accordingly, the material-bonded connection point is arranged offset from this central plane of the inner part, i.e., with an offset relative to this central plane of the inner part.This has the advantage, for example, that if the inner part is to interact with another element not yet mentioned, the interaction will be concentrated on the side of the central plane where the bonded joint is not located. Thus, this area, subjected to this type of stress, is less weakened by the joint. Such a case can occur, for instance, if the external effect is a magnetic field, particularly a permanent magnetic field. In such a case, if the inner part was magnetized before welding, the permanent magnetic field will indeed be weakened by the welding process, but this weakening is less significant due to the inner part's location beyond the central plane.For example, if the material-bonded connection were on the same side of the central plane as the effect of the permanent magnet to the outside, or another function, such as a mechanical torque transmission, then this side of the inner part would be weakened more by the material-bonded connection. R. 417937.

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[0022] In a further embodiment of the method, the depth of the joint in the inner part is less than the material thickness of the outer part. Such a selected depth has the advantage that, firstly, the inner part is subjected to less mechanical stress during the welding process than if the joint depth were greater; secondly, the volumetric extent of any change in the microstructure of the inner part is smaller than if this depth were greater. This is particularly important if the inner part is a magnet, since melting or remelting the magnetic material at this point (and beyond) reduces or eliminates the magnetic properties of the melted area. The permanent magnet is thus weakened.

[0023] Another aspect is that the position of the inner part within the outer part results in a common overlap length. The outer part is designed to be connected to a stop, preferably as a single piece. The inner part is intended to abut this stop. In this configuration, the distance between the center of the connection point and the stop should be less than half the common overlap length. It was observed that a process step involving the reduction of the gap between the outer and inner parts causes the outer part to deform somewhat unevenly. This uneven deformation results in the formation of a contact point or surface on the inner part, located between the stop and a previously mentioned central plane of the inner part.This improves the quality of the gap between the outer and inner parts in this area (it is smaller), so that the connection point can be made with better quality.

[0024] According to a further embodiment, at least one crack is present in the inner part, preferably originating from the joint. The preferred origin of the crack from the joint preferably means that the crack is located at a transition zone between the solidified melt and the zone of the inner part that is not melted by the proposed method. That is, the area of ​​the crack is at a material boundary between the joint and the inner part. It is possible that unmelted material of the inner part exists between an area of ​​the crack and the joint. This weakening of the connection between the inner and outer parts has the advantage that, according to R. 417937

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[0026] In the event of a crack forming under stress between the inner and outer parts, the solidified area (solidified fusion zone), i.e., for example, the mandrel-shaped or ring-shaped part of the joint, tends to retain its shape. This means that if the actual joint (weld) should fail, a mechanical connection in the sense of a positive-locking connection between the inner and outer parts remains due to the existing crack, for example, in the case of complete weld failure. The joint preferably remains integrally bonded to the outer part, with at least a portion of the joint or the former joint in the form of at least a part of the ring or ring.The mandrel is located within a shell contour (for example, a cylindrical shell) of the inner part, so that, in particular, after complete dissolution of the material-bonded connection, a complete form fit exists.

[0027] Another consideration is that the crack should be dome-shaped or paraboloid. This has the advantage of allowing for controlled failure, if necessary, and thus providing a positive-locking connection between the inner and outer parts.

[0028] Another consideration is that the inner part is made of a magnetizable or magnetized material. Preferably, the magnetizable material is magnetized before being inserted into the outer part. This has the advantage that the quality of the magnetization is better than magnetization that occurs after the inner part, made of magnetizable material, is placed inside the outer part.

[0029] In connection with the magnetization, it is advantageously provided that at least one north pole and one south pole are formed on one end face of the inner part, wherein at least one north pole and one south pole are formed oppositely polarized on the other, i.e., opposite, end face of the inner part. That is to say, that one north pole and one south pole are formed on one end face, and on the other opposite end face a south pole is formed opposite one north pole, and opposite one south pole on one end face, on the other end face R. 417937

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[0031] A north pole is formed. Such an arrangement allows the position of an end face of the inner part to be detected by a sensor.

[0032] The aforementioned design results in a further characteristic: at least one magnetically neutral point is formed on a surface of the inner part. Based on the description of the pole and counterpole positions given above, with one north pole and one south pole on each end face, a magnetically neutral point (essentially a magnetically neutral point) is formed diametrically opposite each other on a surface. Such a magnetically neutral point has the advantage of being particularly suitable for forming a metallurgical connection, as such a metallurgical connection at this magnetically neutral point results in a particularly low influence on the magnetic poles or the magnetic field. This means that an inner part designed as a permanent magnet is particularly easy to detect and evaluate compared to a sensor or sensor arrangement.

[0033] According to a further embodiment, a gap / joint with a gap width of zero is provided, so that a joint or joining point is formed. As is particularly clear from the above, this has the advantage that a connection point can be particularly resilient, since defects such as voids occur very rarely. If, in addition, a press fit is created between the outer and inner parts (press fit after joining), then, for example, during handling in a production plant, a temporarily durable connection between the inner and outer parts is created, so that separation of these two elements due to unforeseen events is unlikely. In addition, the gap reduced to zero, which thus becomes a joint or joining point, is therefore less prone to damage.The joint is formed, as expected, continuously around the outer circumference of the inner part, which makes the subsequently manufactured joint or the multiple manufactured joints particularly durable.

[0034] If the reduction of the gap between the inner and outer parts is achieved by generating at least one liquid melt zone on the outside of the outer part, which then solidifies into a solid melt zone upon cooling, this has the effect of R. 417937.

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[0036] The advantage is that the gap reduction can be achieved without contact, meaning that, for example, no special forces act on the inner part, especially if it is made of a permanent magnetic material or a permanently magnetically excitable material, so that damage to this material of the inner part can be largely ruled out.

[0037] If there is at least one solidified, solid melt zone on the outer circumference of the outer part, this is advantageous due to the particularly good accessibility of this outer circumference.

[0038] In a particular embodiment of the at least one solidified melt zone, it is provided that this melt zone extends at least around the outer circumference of the outer part. The melt zone is preferably generated by superimposing the velocity of an outer surface of the outer part (in particular by rotation of the outer part) and the velocity of an energy transfer surface (in particular by rotation about an axis that is not the same as the rotation axis of the outer part). Such a superposition of two different velocities, when carried out continuously or at least partially continuously, results in a melt zone arrangement or melt zone that is recognizable on the outer circumference of the outer part in the form of a "horizontal spiral". This continuous execution or generationThe design of the circumferential or partially circumferential melting zone has the advantage that it is generated continuously, thus preventing the formation of any "holding zones" of the energy transfer surface on the outer circumference. Consequently, the melting zone arrangement is preferably uniform along its entire length. This leads, for example, to a uniform, quasi-concentric, and particularly non-critical thermal effect on the inner part, which is especially advantageous in conjunction with an inner part made of a magnetic material. The at least one solid melting zone within the outer part should, in particular, be located only within the outer part.

[0039] According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a movement of an energy transfer surface occurs over a diameter during the formation of the at least one melting zone arrangement. This diameter yields R. 417937

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[0041] This is achieved through the aforementioned rotational movement of the energy transfer surface around the outer circumference of the outer part. Such a diameter can, for example, reach 70% to 80% of the axial length of the area of ​​the outer part intended for clamping. In contrast, a connection point is designed to have a diameter that, for example, in the case of a point-shaped or mandrel-shaped design (see above), corresponds to the diameter of the point or mandrel. In the case of an annular design of the connection point, this diameter describes the largest diameter of the annular connection point. It is intended that the diameter of the movement of the energy transfer surface is larger than the diameter of a connection point, or conversely, that the diameter of a connection point is smaller than the diameter of the rotational movement of the energy transfer surface around the outer circumference of the outer part.One advantage of such an arrangement of diameters, or rather, the selection of their relative sizes, is that similar movements (rotation) can be executed when programming the production system. Similar movements, or a transition from one movement to another similar to the first, typically result in similar forces acting on the production equipment, preventing dead spots in the movements and thus avoiding overload or localized high loads.

[0042] In a further embodiment, a joint is directly adjacent to at least one solid melt zone within the outer part. Such an arrangement has the advantage that, during the manufacturing of the joint, the already solidified melt zone is not remelted and, accordingly, its state remains unchanged.

[0043] According to further embodiments, at least one solid melt zone is formed in a loop shape on the circumference of the outer part, wherein a connection point is arranged on sections of two loops, or a connection point is arranged in a loop, or a connection point is arranged on a section of a loop. R. 417937

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[0045] Furthermore, it is stipulated that the diameter of a connection point is larger than the width of a solid melt zone.

[0046] If the same energy transfer device, in particular an optical setup utilizing coherent, monochromatic light, e.g. a laser or electron beam (highly focusable matter beam), is used for reducing the gap and creating the connection point, then the use and in particular the construction of another energy transfer device for generating different elements on the device is avoided.

[0047] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the figures shown below. They show:

[0048] Figure 1 shows a basic representation of an inner part to be joined and an outer part to be joined.

[0049] Figure 2 shows a representation of the inner part and the outer part after being pushed together,

[0050] Figure 3 shows the inner part and the outer part after melt-induced shrinkage of the outer part onto the inner part.

[0051] Figure 4 shows the inner part and the outer part during the melt-induced shrinkage of the outer part onto the inner part while the melt zone is still liquid.

[0052] Figure 5 shows the inner part and the outer part during the melt-induced shrinkage of the outer part onto the inner part after the solidification of the at least one liquid melt zone.

[0053] Figure 6 shows the production of a first embodiment of a welded connection between a permanent magnet and the outer part, R. 417937

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[0055] Figure 7 shows the creation of a second embodiment of a welded connection between a permanent magnet and the outer part.

[0056] Figure 8 shows a spatial view of an outer surface of an outer part with several embodiments of a combination of a melting zone and a position of a welded joint relative to a melting zone.

[0057] Figure 9 shows a view of an outer part after welding, including a representation of the relative position of a welded joint to a central plane to an inner part.

[0058] Figure 10 shows a further embodiment of an inner part to be joined and an outer part to be joined,

[0059] Figure 11 shows the position of a connection point relative to an inner part and to an outer part.

[0060] Figure 12 shows a development of an outer surface of an outer part and a representation of work steps.

[0061] Figure 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of the outer part with its outer surface,

[0062] Figure 14 shows another exemplary embodiment of the outer part with its outer surface,

[0063] Figure 15 shows an inner part including an example of magnetization,

[0064] Figure 16 shows a representation of a permanently magnetic neutral point of an inner part,

[0065] Figure 17 shows an arrangement of an inner part and an outer part and an associated manufacturing device,

[0066] Figure 18 shows an abstract representation of a manufacturing process. R. 417937

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[0068] Figure 1 shows an inner part 20 and an outer part 23 coaxially aligned. These two parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are represented here in a very simplified form. The inner part 20 is a cylindrical body, and the outer part 23 is an annular cylindrical body. The axis 26 shown here can be either an axis of symmetry for the inner part 20 or an axis of symmetry for the outer part 23. In a first step S10, these two parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are prepared for the method described here. As indicated in Figure 1 by the two converging arrows 27 and 28, the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 are moved towards each other in step S13. It is less important which of these two parts is moved towards the other, or whether both parts are moved towards each other together.

[0069] Figure 2 shows how the two parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are pre-assembled for further steps of the process. After step S13, in which the two parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are moved towards each other, they are held in a target position relative to each other, as shown in Figure 2 (step S16: setting a target position). This target position refers in particular to position 31, in which both the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 occupy a target position. The target position, or position 31, can be determined, for example, by the inner part 20 being positioned with its left end face (in Figure 2) at position 31, and the outer part 23 being moved with its left end face (ring end face) towards position 31.When position 31 is assumed as a target position (common target position) of inner part 20 and outer part 23, it can be generally stated or described that the inner part 20 is at a defined location at a target position, and the outer part 23 is also at a defined location at the target position. If both parts, inner part 20 and outer part 23, are at the target position (position 31), there is an additional space between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23, which is referred to here as gap 34 (joining gap). This gap 34 can vary in several respects. During the technical manufacturing of a combination of inner part 20 and outer part 23, semi-finished products of inner part 20 and outer part 23 are produced, which typically all have—strictly speaking—different shapes. For example, the outer diameter of an inner part 20R. 417937.

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[0071] from an outer diameter of another inner part 20 (typical case). The same applies to an outer part 23, where the inner diameter of one outer part 23 differs from the inner diameter of another outer part 23. Depending on the pairing of an inner part 20 with an outer part 23, a gap 34 shape can be formed that is unique and differs more or less significantly from the gap 34 and its shape of another pairing of an inner part 20 with another outer part 23. In the proposed method for connecting an outer part 23 with an inner part 20, in which the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 are positioned relative to each other such that the inner part 20 is at least partially inside the outer part 23, a further step S19 is performed in which the gap 34 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 is reduced.This reduction has the advantage that the gap 34 is reduced to a subsequently known dimension. In particular, it is intended that the dimension of the gap 34, i.e., its mean radial gap thickness t34 (or gap width, relative to axis 26), has a dimension of zero, so that the gap 34 is formed or transformed into a joint or joining point. The gap thickness t34 produced by the reduction process can, in principle, also deviate from a dimension of zero and have a larger actual dimension, which lies within a specified gap thickness tolerance. In a further step S22, it is provided that at least one material-bonded connection point is created between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20.Figure 3 shows how, after step S19, the dimension of the gap 34 between the inner diameter of the outer part 23 and the outer diameter of the inner part 20 is reduced to such an extent that the gap 34 now has the dimension t34 equal to zero (joint or joining point).

[0072] Figures 4 and 5 illustrate, in a simplified manner, a method or process step S19, which represents one way to reduce a gap 34 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23. Figure 4 shows an initial position, as also shown in Figure 2, for step S19 of the reduction process. Furthermore, Figure 4 shows an end 37 of an energy transport medium, which can be, for example, a fiber that guides high-energy light, for example, laser light or, more generally, an electromagnetic wave, to an opening 40 or energy output point. Figure 4 also shows a beam 43 emitted from the opening 40R. 417937

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[0074] The beam 43 is directed towards an outer surface of the outer part 23. The outer surface 46 of the outer part 23, for example, has the shape of a cylindrical shell. Figure 4 also shows that the beam 43 has a starting position, which is indicated there by dashed lines as a beam 43 striking the outer surface 46. This beam 43 is moved along the outer surface 46 to reduce the gap 34 and the outer part 23, so that in the edge regions of the outer part 23, which are parts of the outer surface 46, the material 64 of the outer part 23 melts and thus forms a (briefly local) liquid melt zone 49. The term "melt zone 49" used here can refer to a currently liquid melt zone 49 as well as to a formerly liquid melt zone 49, namely a solid or solidified melt zone 49.The formation of the liquid melt zone 49 is followed by solidification of the liquid material. With the solidification of the liquid material, or the melt zone 49, the material of the outer part 23 shrinks in the region of the outer surface 46. This shrinkage of at least one melt zone 49 results in a shortening of the outer part 23 in both the circumferential and axial directions. This shrinkage of the outer part 23 is primarily perpendicular to the circumferential direction, causing the outer part 23, with its inner surface 52, to move towards an outer surface 55 of the inner part 20 and exert a radial stress upon contact with surface 55. The stress state in the outer part 23 can be influenced by the quantity or proportion of the melt zone 49 (or melt zones 49) within the outer part 23. In simplified terms, the shrinkage and the resulting radial stress increase with each additional mass / volume fraction of the melt zone 49.

[0075] As explained in relation to the previous figures, particularly Figure 4, it should be noted that in Figure 5 the melt zone 49 shown there has now solidified. This melt zone 49 represents an unspecified quantity of solidified material from the previously melted areas, which constitute one or more melt zones 49. According to the representation chosen here based on Figure 5, the gap t34 = 0, i.e., the inner surface 52 of the outer part 23 now rests against the outer surface 55 of the inner part 20. In the case shown here, a contact stress acts in the joint 58 between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 as a result of the radially applied stresses, which is relieved by the gap 34 now being zero. R. 417937

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[0077] further manufactured melt zones 49 or a further manufactured portion of melt zones 49 in the outer part 23 has been created

[0078] The reduction of the gap 34 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23 is thus achieved by generating at least one liquid melt zone 49, subsequently solidifying the at least one liquid melt zone 49 (solidification shrinkage) and, due to solidification, shrinking the outer part 23 onto the inner part 20.

[0079] As already mentioned, after step S19, in which the outer part 23 is reduced to the inner part 20, a material-bonded connection point 61 is to be created, which is a connection between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20.

[0080] Figure 6 illustrates, by way of example, the creation of a connection point 61 between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 in step S22. Here, the material-bonded connection point 61 is again produced from liquefied material 63 using an energy conduction device, as already shown in Figure 4, in particular the same energy conduction device. Figure 6 shows the state of the combination of inner part 20 and outer part 23, as is already the case in principle for Figure 3 and in any case also for Figure 5. In the embodiment according to Figure 6, several melt zones 49 have been created on the outer circumference or on the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23. In this example, a further melt zone is created between two melt zones 49, which, however, is not only created in the outer part 23, but also in the inner part 20 for the aforementioned connection purpose.For this purpose, a jet 43 emerges from the end 37 – and in particular from the opening 40 of the end 37 – which can have the same properties as the jet 43 described in Figure 4. During the production of this connection point 61, the jet 43 is directed at a predetermined time at a specific location onto the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23. This method of generating the connection point 61 creates a metallurgical connection point 61, which can be described as mandrel-shaped or, for example, paraboloidal, or as a shape that at least partially resembles or is equivalent to a paraboloid of revolution. The liquefied material 63 of the melt zone forming a metallurgical connection point 61 consists of the material 65 of the inner part 20 (for example, NdFeB, i.e., R. 417937).

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[0082] The outer part 23 (i.e., made of a metal or alloy such as steel in general or corrosion-resistant steel ("stainless steel") and, for example, an additional protective layer intended to prevent corrosion of the inner part 20 (for example, a triple coating of nickel, copper, and nickel again) partially mixes, so that this partially mixed liquefied material 63 can cool together, ultimately creating the metallurgical bond 61. This results in a particularly heterogeneous alloy of the material 64 of the outer part 23, optionally the protective layer, and the material 65 of the inner part. This alloy can be heterogeneous because different mixing ratios of the material 64 of the outer part 23, optionally the protective layer, and the material 65 of the inner part arise at different locations within this melt (liquefied material 63).As shown in Figure 6, such a connection 61 can be created between melt zones 49, which have a different, previously mentioned function. The material-bonded connection 61 thus contains at least a portion of material 64 from the outer part 23 and a portion of material 65 from the inner part 20. It should also be mentioned here that step S22 of creating the connection 61 has an effect on the outer part 23. The previously introduced melt zones 49 increase the internal stress state of the outer part 23. When the connection 61 is created by liquefying material 64 of the outer part 23 and material 65 of the inner part 20, a portion of the cross-section of the outer part 23, and thus the outer part 23 itself, is somewhat relieved of stress because no stresses are transmitted at the location of the melt.To ensure that the inner surface 52 of the outer part 23 rests securely against the outer surface 55 of the inner part 20, it can preferably be provided that a press fit (interlocking fit) acts securely between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23, so that the internal stress of the outer part 23 is large enough due to the relaxation effect of manufacturing a joint 61 and that a gap 34 does not form again, thus slightly impairing the quality of the joint 61.

[0083] Figure 7 shows how, in step S22, an alternative embodiment of a material-bonded connection 61 between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 is produced. As in the other embodiment, an energy transmission device is provided, from the end 37 of which a beam 43 emerges. R. 417937

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[0085] This jet 43 is applied to or directed onto the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 by a device not shown here, either circularly or non-circularly – but preferably circularly. Through this circulation of the jet 43, material 64 of the outer part 23 and shortly thereafter material 65 of the inner part 20 are liquefied, according to the shape of the orbit of the energy application surface of the jet 43 on the outer surface 46. If the orbit is circular, a circular or annular joint 61 is formed, which has a central axis 68 (axis of symmetry) in the ring. The resulting melt ultimately solidifies in an annular shape, so that a non-liquefied core 69 remains radially within the annular joint 61 around the central axis 68, which can also be referred to here as a nozzle. The annular, material-jointed joint 61 is formed around the central axis 68.manufactured. It thus has the central axis 68 around which the ring-shaped material-locking connection point 61 extends, the central axis 68 being oriented perpendicularly to an outer surface 46 of the outer part 23.

[0086] As can be seen in comparison with the connection point 61 carried out according to Figure 6, the size of a connection surface between liquefied material 63 from material 64 of the outer part 23 and from material 65 of the inner part 20 and solidified material of inner part 20 and outer part 23 is significantly larger than the simple surface of the mandrel-shaped connection point 61.

[0087] Figure 6 illustrates in principle that the depth tIT of the connection point 61 in the inner part 20 is less than the material thickness t23 of the outer part 23. This condition, formulated and illustrated in principle in Figure 6, is also preferably intended to apply to an annular connection point 61.

[0088] Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a specific phenomenon. Both Figure 6 and Figure 7 show an example of a crack 100. This crack 100, which originates in the inner part 20, is caused by material stresses resulting from the cooling of the melt at the joint 61. In cases where pull-out forces act between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20—that is, forces opposing the retention of the inner part 20 in the outer part 23—such a crack 100 can widen. These pull-out forces can be R. 417937

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[0090] for example, during the operation of the device consisting of the outer part 23 and the inner part 20, for example under the load of a permanent magnetic field emanating from the inner part 20 and interacting with a ferromagnetic partner.

[0091] Such a crack 100 preferably originates from the joint 61, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. The preferred origin of the crack 100 from the joint 61 preferably means that the crack 100 is located at a transition zone 101 between the solidified melt of the joint 61 and the zone 102 of the inner part 20 that is not melted by the proposed method. That is, the region of the crack 100 is at a material boundary between the joint 61 and the inner part 20.

[0092] Experiments have shown that the connection point 61 preferentially remains connected to the outer part 23, i.e., it does not tear off there, while material areas between the connection point 61 and a crack 100 remain bonded to the outer part 23, thus creating a positive-locking connection between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20 (remaining inner part) in the extreme case (complete tearing off). As indicated by way of example in Figure 7, the crack 100 can, for example, continue in the shape of a spherical cap or cap (dashed line continuation), so that after a complete crack 100 (tearing off from the remainder of the inner part 20), the positive lock is formed on the outer part 23 by means of a rounded, cap-shaped undercut in a crack counter-contour. Without going into further details, a similar situation can occur in the embodiment according to Figure 6.While in the embodiment shown in Figure 7 the surface of a complete crack can be, for example, spherical, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6 it can be, for example, a paraboloidal surface. As can be seen in the examples shown in Figures 6 and 7, the situation can arise that there is unmelted material 65 of the inner part 20 between a region of the crack 100 and the joint 61.

[0093] Figure 8 shows another embodiment of a connection point 61 on an outer surface 46 in conjunction with the melting zones 49, which served to reduce the outer part 23 to the inner part 20. The [Figure 8R. 417937]

[0094] - 19 -

[0095] The illustrated embodiments of the connection points 61 are mandrel-shaped or paraboloid-shaped connection points 61. The following descriptions also apply in principle to an annular connection point 61, as shown in Figure 7. The embodiments described for Figure 8 have in common that an outer part 23 is shrunk or reduced onto an inner part 20 by creating melt zones 49. A connection point 61 can, in principle, be placed between melt zones 49, so that the functions of the melt zone(s) 49 and the connection point 61 are separate. Alternatively, for example, a connection point 61 can also be placed at a location where at least part of a melt zone 49 has already been placed or manufactured.While there may be embodiments of combinations of inner part 20 and outer part 23 that exclusively have separate melting zones 49 and separate connection points 61, there may also be embodiments in which the connection points 61 are exclusively located or manufactured at positions where a melting zone 49 has already been previously arranged or created. Furthermore, there may also be embodiments in which mixed arrangements are present on the outer circumference or on the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23, namely melting zones 49 that are not influenced by connection points 61 and their preceding melting zones, or that have not been remelted by these connection points 61 and their preceding melting zone, and melting zones 49 that are or have been remelted by the manufacturing process of a connection point 61.It can also be seen here that a diameter D61 of a connection point 61 is larger than a width B49 of a solid melt zone 49.

[0096] Figure 9 shows another embodiment of a combination of an inner part 20 and an outer part 23. As can be seen in Figure 9 when looking at the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23, various melting zones 49 are formed there, which served to reduce the outer part 23 to the inner part 20. Furthermore, the axis 26 is shown, and a central plane 70, or rather its position, is thus shown in principle. This central plane 70 is a central plane of the inner part 20. For the exemplary embodiments, the position of this central plane 70 is to be understood such that the inner part 20, as before, is a fundamentally prismatic body (including a circular cylinder) having a first end face 21 and a second star-shaped surface 22, with both end faces 21 and 22 in R. 417937

[0097] - 20 -

[0098] The two planes are oriented in opposite directions (pointing away from each other). In the middle between these two planes, or rather the end faces 21, 22, i.e., passing through the center of the body inner part 20, there is a conceptually inscribed plane 70 (central plane), which can, for example, be parallel to the end faces 21, 22. As shown in Figure 9, in one embodiment a connection point 61 is to be offset from a central plane 70 of the inner part 20. It should be expressly mentioned here that the connection point 61 can also be located directly on the plane 70.

[0099] Figure 10 shows another embodiment. This embodiment has an outer part 23 which has a shape that differs from the embodiments described previously. This outer part 23 has a significantly more complex functionality. As in the embodiment described previously, this outer part 23 serves to receive an inner part 20 in its area shown on the right in Figure 10. In this respect, the functionality is the same as in the previous embodiment(s). Beyond this receiving area of ​​the outer part 23, there is an annular flange 80 extending essentially radially inwards with respect to the axis 26, to which a pipe extension 83 connects in an axial direction away from the inner part 20.The three sections of this outer part 23 – receiving area, flange 80, and pipe extension 83 – can be manufactured in one piece (preferred variant), but could also be assembled and manufactured by joining corresponding parts to form the outer part 23. The pipe extension 83 serves to be joined with a pin 86. In particular – although this is not of particular importance here – this pin 86 can be connected to the pipe extension 83 by fusion shrinking, as is done by the fusion zones 49. As already described for Figures 1 and 2, the inner part 20 is manufactured according to Figure 10 in accordance with the arrow 27 shown there, which essentially corresponds to the arrow 27 and its associated sequence of movements shown in Figures 1 and 2. The inner part 20 is inserted or pushed into the outer part 23, specifically into the receiving area. A gap 34 is formed, as already shown in Figure 2.An inner surface of the flange 80 serves as a stop 89 for the inner part 20 inserted into the outer part 23. As in the aforementioned embodiments, the outer part 23 is bonded to the outer surface 46 at the point where the inner part 20 is received, with the aforementioned melt zones 49R. 417937.

[0100] - 21 -

[0101] The outer part 23 is provided (using the same methods as described above) so that the receiving area of ​​the outer part 23 conforms to the outer surface 55 of the inner part 20. It is also intended that a pressure is created between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23.

[0102] Figure 11 discusses further possible details of this embodiment. As shown here, a connection point 61 is created from the outer circumference of the outer part 23 in the same way as in the previously described embodiments, as explained, for example, in Figures 6 and 7 and their accompanying descriptions. The plane 70, which is only imaginary and not visible, is also located centrally between the two end faces 21, 22 of the inner part 20. The interaction of the outer part 23, which is shrunk onto the inner part 20, with the inner part 20 results in, for example, the relationships described below. For instance, inserting the inner part 20 up to the stop 89 of the outer part 23 results in a total overlap tUET. As shown here, the total overlap tUET is, for example, less than the width B20 of the inner part 20.Because, according to this embodiment shown in Figure 11, an inner part 20 is formed which projects beyond an outermost edge 92 of the outer part 23, a projection of the inner part 20, or protrusion tUEV of the inner part 20, results. It should be noted here that in the aforementioned embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 9, similarly extreme edges or outermost edges 92 can occur. These are typically due to the manufacturing process and are related to so-called weld distortion. Because, in this embodiment shown in Figures 10 and 11, a flange is formed on the side of the end face 22 of the inner part 20, weld distortion at this point is rather insignificant.The proposed method (melt shrinkage by generating melt zones 49) results in an annular contact surface abutting the outer circumference of the inner part 20 against an inner surface (inner circumference) of the outer part 23, which is part of the inner surface 52. The width of the contact surface is indicated here with reference lines and the designation BA. As shown here, positioning the inner part 20 within the outer part 23 creates a common overlap length tUET, and the inner part 20 is moved against a stop 89 of the outer part 23. A distance R is maintained. 417937.

[0103] - 22 -

[0104] of a center (central axis 68) of the junction 61 to the stop 89 smaller than half of the common overlap length tUET .

[0105] Figure 12 shows a development of the outer surface 46 of an outer part 23. This figure 12 depicts a total of three developments, i.e., a representation of the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 across three developments between 0° and 360°, which also includes a temporal component of a processing sequence on the outer circumference of the outer part 23. The process begins spatially and temporally on the left side of the representation in Figure 12 (0°, point A). At this starting point A (beginning), a melt zone 49 is generated along the circumference of the outer surface 46. This melt zone 49, as exemplified here, is created by the superposition of a rotating movement of an energy transfer point, generated by a stationary device that begins, for example, at point A, and a simultaneous rotating movement of the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 around the axis 26.Depending on the ratio of the rotational speed of the energy transfer point and the movement of the outer surface 46 (rotation), different shapes of this "spiral" shown in Figure 12 result. As can be seen, for example, in Figure 12, the melting zone 49 has a total of twelve loops 103. In this example, these loops are tangent to each other at one point. Depending on the aforementioned ratio of the rotational speed of the energy transfer surface and the rotational speed of the outer part 23, the loops 103 can, for example, intersect, i.e., two adjacent or immediately adjacent loops 103 form two points of intersection. Here in this example, two immediately adjacent loops 103 are tangent to each other. The loops 103 could also be designed such that the loops 103 are adjacent with a gap between them.

[0106] During one revolution of the outer part 23 around the axis 26 from 0° to 360°, a total of twelve loops 103 are formed. This means that the energy transfer surface completes a total of twelve revolutions during one revolution of the outer part 23. The melting zone 49 ends at point E. This process of forming the melting zone 49 results in a reduction of the gap 34 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23. According to procedure R. 417937, this process is intended to...

[0107] - 23 -

[0108] that at least one material-bonded connection point 61 is created between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20. In the embodiment chosen here, four material-bonded connection points 61 are subsequently created between the outer part 23 and the inner part 20. These four connection points 61 are also designed as annular connection points 61, by way of example. As can be seen here, it is provided that a rotating movement of an energy transfer surface takes place over a diameter DO, wherein a diameter D1 at the connection point is smaller than the diameter DO. In particular, it is provided that the ratio of the diameter DO of the moving energy transfer surface to the diameter D1 of a connection point 61 is selected to be D0 / D1 = 5... 10, in particular D0 / D1 = 5.With regard to the ratio of width BA of the bearing surface to diameter D1 of a connection point 61, a ratio of BA / D1 = 4 ... 8 is provided.

[0109] After the creation of at least one melting zone 49 by reaching point E, the energy transfer via the energy transfer point to an outer circumference or the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 is terminated for a short time or for a corresponding partial revolution of the outer part 23. The outer part 23 is thus rotated—relative to a last location E of a last energy transfer for the purpose of reducing the gap 34—to a first location P61, so that a first connection point 61 can be created, or rather, at which a first connection point 61 is to be created. After this location P61 (first location) is reached, energy is transferred at this first location P61 to create the first connection point 61.Depending on the desired design of the connection point 61, energy can be briefly transferred to the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23 while at rest, in order to create a connection point 61 that has the aforementioned mandrel shape or the shape of a paraboloid of revolution. Alternatively, the material-jointed connection point 61 can also be designed in a ring shape. In this case, the energy transfer point rotates at the designated location P61 to create the first material-jointed connection point 61, for example, with the outer part 23 stationary (no rotation of the outer part 23). After this first connection point 61 has been created, the energy transfer at the energy transfer point is stopped. Regarding the selection of the location P61 for the first creation of a connection point 61 after reaching the endpoint E, see R. 417937.

[0110] - 24 -

[0111] It is provided that this first location is between +370° and -370°, preferably 360°, away from the last energy transmission point that served to reduce the gap 34. Such a position for such a first connection point 61 is particularly provided for connections consisting of an inner part 20 and an outer part 23, which have four, five, or six connection points 61 on the circumference of the outer part 23. After this first connection point 61 has been created, it is provided that a second connection point 61 is created. For this second location, it is provided that this is between 135° and 225° – preferably 180° – away from the first location and that energy is transferred there to create the second connection point 61.For this purpose, after the first connection point 61 is created, the energy is switched off again (no energy is transferred to the outer surface 46 of the outer part 23), then the outer part 23 is moved (rotated) to the intended location (second location) and the energy transfer point is switched on again there, i.e., energy is transferred to create the second connection point 61. To create a third connection point 61, it is provided analogously that after the second connection point 61 is created, the energy transfer point is no longer supplied with energy (switched off or no further energy supply) and the outer part 23 is rotated further to the position (third location) where the third connection point 61 is to be created, and then the energy is switched on again to create a third connection point 61 by means of the additional energy transfer point that is then created.The location of the third connection point 61 is situated between the first location of the first connection point 61 and the second location of the second connection point 61. A fourth transmission point can then be placed, for example, between the first connection point 61 and the second connection point 61.

[0112] According to the illustration in Figure 12, the process of energy transfer for reducing the gap 34 and creating connection points 61 can proceed as follows: Reduction of the gap between points A and E during (ultimately) one revolution; after reaching point E, switching off the energy transfer; then rotation of the outer part 23 to the first location to create a first connection point 61 (e.g., rotation from position point E (position 360°) to the first location (e.g., position 720°, or tolerated, e.g., at a position around 720°, e.g., between 710° and 730°)), so that the outer part 23R. 417937

[0113] - 25 -

[0114] and the opening 40 at the first location, and during the rotation, the outer part 23 cools down). The energy transmission is switched on to generate the first connection point 61 at the first location, then the energy transmission is switched off. Then the outer part 23 is rotated so that the outer part 23 and the opening 40 at the second location are opposite each other to generate a second connection point 61. This second location is preferably opposite the first location, i.e., at position 900° (after a total of 2.5 rotations; or tolerated, for example, at a position between 855° and 945°). The energy transmission is switched on to generate the second connection point 61 at the second location, then the energy transmission is switched off. A third connection point 61 at the third location can, for example, be generated between the first location and the second location, starting from position 900° after a further rotation of 90°. A fourth connection point 61 at the fourth location can, for example, be generated between the first location and the second location.Starting from position 990°, and after a further rotation of 180°, positions are generated between the first and second locations. All positions can be tolerated within a specified angular range.

[0115] As an alternative to the example described above, a third connection point 61 at the third location can be created, for example, starting from position 900° and rotating by 270°, between the first and second locations. A fourth connection point 61 at the fourth location can be created, for example, starting from position 1170° and rotating by 180°, again between the first and second locations. All positions can be toleranced within a specified angular range.

[0116] Figure 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of the outer part 23 with its outer surface 46. The outer surface 46 shown here corresponds to the result of the process as described for Figure 12. As can be seen, the outer circumference of the outer surface 46 has the melting zone 49 with its twelve loops 103. As is also clearly shown here, the end E of the melting zone 49 is at the same angular position (0° or 360°) as the position of the beginning A of the melting zone 49. In this case, the positions of points A and E are even at the same position, i.e., at the same axial position with respect to the axis 26. As is clearly shown in this illustration according to Figure 13, the connection points 61 are located between the loops 103 of the melting zone 49. Depending on R. 417937

[0117] - 26 -

[0118] During the execution of the melting zone 49, it is possible that the connection points 61 are created at locations where a section of a melting zone 49 has already been created. This means that the process of creating a connection point 61 then results in the melting zone 49 being melted a second time. It is also possible that a connection point 61 is created within a loop 103 of a melting zone 49.

[0119] Figure 14 shows another exemplary embodiment of the outer part with its outer surface. As mentioned previously, depending on the ratio of the orbital speed of the energy transfer surface and the rotational speed of the outer part 23, the loops 103 can, for example, intersect, i.e., two adjacent or immediately adjacent loops 103 form two intersection points. Furthermore, the following relative positions between loops 103 and connection points 61 are possible: A connection point 61 can be arranged on sections of two loops 103, a connection point 61 can be arranged within a loop 103, or a connection point 61 can be arranged on a section of a loop 103.

[0120] Figure 15 shows an inner part 20. This inner part 20 is, by way of example, cylindrical. This inner part 20 – designed as a magnet – has a magnetization that will be explained in more detail below. Like all the other previously mentioned inner parts 20, this inner part 20 has an end face 106, which here has a circular shape. The end face 106 has a lower half 107 and an upper half 108. In this example, this end face 106 is such that the lower half 107 corresponds to a permanent magnetic south pole S and the upper half 108 to a permanent magnetic north pole N. Accordingly, and as shown in Figure 15, the back side, or rather the upper half 108, is oriented in such a way that the lower half 107 corresponds to a permanent magnetic south pole S and the upper half 108 to a permanent magnetic north pole N.In the axial direction (axis 26) in the region of the other axially oriented half of the inner part 20, a permanent magnetic polarization also exists, such that behind the front permanent magnetic north pole N of the end face 106 there is a permanent magnetic south pole S and behind the front permanent magnetic south pole S of the end face 106 there is a permanent magnetic north pole N. The magnetization is such that at least one north pole N and one south pole S are formed on one end face 106 of the inner part 20, while on another, opposite end face 109 of the inner part 20 inR. 417937.

[0121] - 27 -

[0122] In the axial direction or direction of axis 26, at least one south pole S and one north pole N are formed with opposite poles.

[0123] As can be seen from Figure 15, in this embodiment, a neutral point 110 exists at a location on a lateral surface 112 (e.g., cylindrical surface) of the inner part 20 between the four different polarities, which is represented here by the two intersecting dashed lines. As is also evident from the physical properties, another neutral point 110 exists on the opposite side of the inner part 20 – not shown here, but actually present – ​​which is 180° opposite with respect to the axis 26. The neutral point 110 is also shown in Figure 16.

[0124] In the event that, for example, only two connection points 61 are to be provided, which constitute a material-bonded connection 61 between the inner part 20 and the outer part 23, it is particularly preferred that the connection points 61 are each provided at a location that is a permanently magnetically essentially neutral location or the neutral point 110. According to another definition, it may be provided that the connection point 61 only approximately occupies a correspondingly optimal location, namely on a line 114, which is preferably arranged parallel to the axis 26 and describes a magnetic boundary line between two different polarities N, S at an end face 106, 107. This corresponds to line 114 in Figures 15 and 16.Accordingly, it is provided that in one embodiment at least one magnetically neutral point 110 is formed on the outer surface 112 of the inner part 20, in particular two, at which a material-jointed connection point 61 is created.

[0125] Figure 17 shows a device comprising a drive 125, which rotates the pin 86—or the already attached inner part 20 and outer part 23. The drive 120 accordingly drives an assembly 125. The melt zone 49 has already been formed on the outer surface 46. Furthermore, two connection points 61 are already visible, which are located at least partially on the melt zone 49. A device 123, such as R. 417937, is used to produce the melt zone 49 and the connection points 61.

[0126] - 28 -

[0127] The device 123 has an energy converter that serves to convert, for example, electrical energy into, for example, electromagnetic radiation (for example, light, in particular laser). Energy is transported from the device 123 to the end 37 by means of a conductor 126, where the energy exits the opening 40 and strikes the outer surface 46. The point of impact is the aforementioned energy transfer surface 129. The device 123 is controlled by a control unit 130. This control unit 130 is configured to execute all steps of one of the aforementioned methods or is programmed for use in one of these methods. A machine-readable storage medium 133 is associated with, or is arranged within, this control unit 130. A computer program 136 is stored on this storage medium 133 so that it can be used in one of the aforementioned methods.

Claims

R. 417937 - 29 - Claims 1. Device comprising at least an outer part (23) and an inner part (20), wherein the inner part (20) and the outer part (23) are positioned relative to each other such that the inner part (20) is at least partially located inside the outer part (23), wherein a pressure is exerted in a joint between the outer part (23) and the inner part (20), and wherein the outer part (23) and the inner part (20) are connected by at least one materially bonded connection point (61).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material-bonded connection point (61) has at least a proportion of material (64) of the outer part (23) and a proportion of material (65) of the inner part (20).

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the material-bonded connection point (61) is mandrel-shaped, in particular in the manner of a paraboloid of revolution.

4. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the material-bonded connection point (61) is ring-shaped.

5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the material-bonded connection point (61) is designed around a central axis (68), wherein the central axis (68) is aligned perpendicularly to an outer surface (46) of the outer part (23).

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is an offset between the material-bonded connection point (61) and a central plane (70) of the inner part (20). R. 417937 - 30 - 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection point (61) in the inner part (20) has a depth (tIT) that is less than a material thickness (t23) of the outer part (23).

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner part (20) is positioned in the outer part (23) such that the inner part (20) and the outer part (23) have a common overlap length (tUET) and the inner part (20) abuts a stop (89) of the outer part (23), wherein a distance of a center of the connection point (61) to the stop (89) is less than half of the common overlap length (tUET).

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is a crack (100) in the inner part (20).

10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that a region of the crack (100) is located at a material boundary between the connection point (61) and the inner part (20).

11. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that unmelted material (65) of the inner part (20) is located between a region of the crack (100) and the connection point (61).

12. Device according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the crack (100) is dome-shaped or paraboloid-shaped.

13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner part (20) is a magnet.

14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the magnet is magnetized such that at least one north pole (N) and one south pole (S) are located on one end face (106) of the inner part (20), wherein at least one south pole (S) and one north pole (N) are located oppositely on another end face (109) of the inner part (20). R. 417937 - 31 - 15. Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that at least one magnetically neutral point (110) is located on a lateral surface (112) of the inner part (20), at which a material-bonded connection point (61) is located.

16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint between the outer part (23) and the inner part (20) is zero.

17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer part (23) has at least one solid melting zone (49) on its outer surface (46).

18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the at least one solid melting zone (49) is located within the outer part (23) - in particular only within the outer part (23).

19. Device according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that a connection point (61) is directly adjacent to at least one solid melt zone (49) within the outer part (23).

20. Device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that at least one solid melting zone (49) is formed in a loop shape inside / on the outer part (23), wherein a connection point (61) is arranged on sections of two loops (103), or a connection point (61) is arranged in a loop (103), or a connection point (61) is arranged on a section of a loop (103).

21. Device according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that a diameter (D1) of a connection point (61) is larger than a width (B49) of a solid melt zone (49).

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