Forest fire detection station and method for operating a forest fire detection station
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/EP2026/058997
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-27
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images
Figure EP2026058997_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Forest fire detection station and procedure for operating a forest fire detection station
[0002] The invention relates to a forest fire detection station, wherein the forest fire detection station is configured to accommodate a movable forest fire detection unit, wherein the accommodation of the movable forest fire detection unit is arranged in a lockable space of the forest fire detection station, and to a method for operating a forest fire detection station.
[0003] Systems for detecting and locating forest fires are known. These systems monitor the area to be observed using optical sensors capable of detecting the smoke plumes produced by a forest fire. These sensors are, for example, rotating cameras, which, however, have the disadvantage of being less effective at night and prone to false detections, such as those caused by dust clouds resulting from agricultural activities. Furthermore, optical systems can generally only detect a forest fire once it has already progressed and the smoke plumes are visible over considerable distances. Monitoring using an infrared camera mounted on a satellite in high orbit has the disadvantage that the camera's resolution, over such long distances, prevents the early detection of forest fires. Satellites are also expensive to purchase and maintain, especially the initial launch.Monitoring by mini-satellites in low Earth orbit has the disadvantage that the satellites are not geostationary, meaning they require a certain amount of time to complete one orbit, during which the area is not monitored. A large number of satellites are needed for comprehensive monitoring, and launching them is also expensive. Satellite-based monitoring is also associated with high carbon dioxide emissions during launches. The larger a forest fire is, the more difficult it is to determine its direction and speed of spread. Weather, wind, soil conditions, and vegetation all influence its path and speed of spread, which can change rapidly. It is therefore crucial to detect a forest fire very early to minimize damage, keep the fire under control, and give firefighters a decisive advantage.
[0004] During a forest fire, the complex thermal decomposition processes (distillation, pyrolysis, carbonization, and the oxidation of the resulting gas products from flame combustion) occur simultaneously and often in close proximity to one another. The thermal decomposition of fuels takes place in front of and along the fire line, while enclaves of intermittent open flame often persist far behind the flame front.
[0005] Flame combustion generally occurs between 800°C and 1200°C. Smoldering ground fires occur between 300°C and 600°C. Combustible gases, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are formed more rapidly at temperatures above 200°C and reach their peak at 320°C. VOCs are the collective term for organic, carbon-containing substances that vaporize into the gas phase at room temperature or higher, particularly terpenes. Various other organic compounds, such as methanol, as well as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and molecular hydrogen are also formed. Flame combustion only begins at 425°C to 480°C. Flame temperatures of 700°C to 1300°C are most common. In this temperature range, primarily carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), especially sulfur dioxide, are formed. Smoldering fires spread slowly, approximately...At a rate of 3 cm / h, they can generate ground temperatures exceeding 300°C for several hours, with peak temperatures reaching 600°C. Another method for detecting forest fires involves installing a network of gas sensors directly in the forest. These sensors detect gases released during the development of forest fires, allowing for very early detection before they become visible from a distance using optical systems. However, due to varying forest vegetation and soil composition, different gases and gas concentrations are produced, making accurate detection very difficult. Furthermore, the increasing temperatures during the different phases of forest fire development alone result in varying gases and gas concentrations.
[0006] Mobile forest fire detection units, especially flying drones, have proven to be a valuable tool for detecting forest fires. In the event of a fire, drones are tasked with locating the source of the fire and, if necessary, searching for people. Drones used for locating and fighting forest fires are typically equipped with two cameras: a visual camera and a thermal imaging camera. The visual camera allows for the real-time observation and detection of various situations. The thermal imaging camera searches for sources of fire or for the heat signature of a person.
[0007] Drones fly lower than helicopters, providing a more nuanced view of the situation, and can navigate in confined or hazardous spaces. With thermal imaging capabilities, they can pinpoint hotspots at the source of a fire within seconds and even detect people trapped in areas of dense smoke. The information gathered from the air by drones allows incident commanders to make informed decisions.
[0008] Drones carrying extinguishing agents can be used to combat detected fires, particularly in their incipient stages when the fire's spread is limited. This can prevent the fire from spreading and thus avoid a large-scale forest fire with immense damage to people and nature. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a forest fire detection station for locating forest fires at an early stage, in which a mobile forest fire detection unit can be protected and which enables the mobile forest fire detection unit to be supplied with power.
[0009] It is also an object of the present invention to provide a forest fire detection system that has improved detection accuracy, operates reliably and automatically, is infinitely expandable and cost-effective in installation and maintenance.
[0010] It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for operating a forest fire detection station that has improved detection accuracy, operates reliably and automatically, is arbitrarily expandable and cost-effective in installation and maintenance.
[0011] Description of the invention
[0012] The problem is solved by means of the forest fire detection station according to the invention for locating forest fires at an early stage. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
[0013] The forest fire detection station according to the invention, for locating forest fires at an early stage, comprises a housing, a control unit, a memory unit, a communication unit, a mount for a mobile forest fire detection unit, and a power supply. The forest fire detection station is configured to accommodate a mobile forest fire detection unit, supply it with electrical power, and communicate with gateways, terminal devices, the mobile forest fire detection unit itself, and the network server. The mobile forest fire detection unit is preferably a flight-capable and autonomously flying drone. Gateways, terminal devices, and the network server are part of a stationary forest fire detection system capable of performing an initial localization of a forest fire.The mobile forest fire detection unit is designed to perform a second localization of a forest fire, with the accuracy of the second localization being improved compared to the first. Optionally, the mobile forest fire detection unit is suitable for fighting the forest fire, preferably autonomously.
[0014] According to the invention, the forest fire detection station is designed to accommodate the movable forest fire detection unit, wherein the accommodation of the movable forest fire detection unit is arranged in a lockable compartment of the forest fire detection station. The compartment is formed by the housing of the forest fire detection station and can be opened or closed.
[0015] The forest fire detection station is designed to house the mobile forest fire detection unit and features all-around weather protection that can be opened or closed. The forest fire detection station has a power supply, preferably an energy conversion device (e.g., solar cells). Optionally, the power supply includes an energy storage device (battery) that is charged with electrical energy by the energy conversion device.
[0016] The problem is also solved by the forest fire detection system according to the invention for locating forest fires at an early stage. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set out in the dependent claims.
[0017] The forest fire detection system according to the invention for locating forest fires at an early stage comprises several terminal units, the terminal units being stationary in the forest. Each terminal unit comprises a sensor unit, a logic unit, and a communication unit. The logic unit is designed and suitable for evaluating the signals acquired by the sensor unit. The logic unit is, for example, a microcomputer and comprises memory, a microprocessor, and suitable software. Each terminal unit comprises a sensor array for gas analysis and for measuring the temperature of the gases, with which a forest fire and / or a fire source can be detected. In this document, the terms "terminal unit" and "first forest fire detection unit" are used synonymously.
[0018] The forest fire detection system according to the invention also has several gateways, a network server and an application server, wherein the first forest fire detection units, the second forest fire detection unit, the forest fire detection station, the gateways, the network server and the application server have communication units for communication in the forest fire detection system, and wherein the forest fire detection system is optionally designed as a mesh network.
[0019] In a further development of the invention, each terminal device comprises a stationary forest fire detection unit. The stationary forest fire detection unit has sensors for gas analysis and for measuring the temperature of the gases, with which a forest fire and / or a fire source can be detected. Acquired sensor data can be sent from a terminal device to a network server via gateways.
[0020] In a further embodiment of the invention, the gateways communicate with other gateways, end devices, and / or the network server. All end devices communicate via the most suitable gateway. These gateways handle the routing and, if more than one gateway is within range of an end device and the local network is overloaded, can redirect the communication to an alternative. After a gateway receives the data packets from the end device via LoRa / LoRaWAN, it sends them via the Internet Protocol (IP) to a network server and an application server, which in turn has interfaces to IoT platforms and applications. In another embodiment of the invention, the end devices communicate only with gateways. In a LoRaWAN mesh gateway network, message packets are exchanged between the end devices and a central network server via gateways.The end devices are connected to gateways via a single-hop connection.
[0021] In another embodiment of the invention, the network server communicates with gateways and / or the application server. After a gateway has received the data packets from the end device via LoRa / LoRaWAN, it sends them via the Internet Protocol (IP) to a network server and to an application server, which in turn has interfaces to IoT platforms and applications.
[0022] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection system comprises a LoRaWAN mesh network. The LoRaWAN mesh gateway network has a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the end devices and a central internet network server via gateways. The LoRaWAN mesh gateway network has a multitude of end devices connected to gateways via a single-hop connection. A mesh network has a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the first and second forest fire detection units, and optionally between a network server and the first and second forest fire detection units, via gateways distributed throughout the forest. Such a mesh network is infinitely scalable and resilient to the failure of individual gateways.
[0023] LoRaWAN uses a star network architecture, where all end devices communicate via the most suitable gateway. These gateways handle routing and can redirect communication to an alternative if more than one gateway is within range of an end device and the local network becomes congested. Some other IoT protocols (such as ZigBee or Z-Wave), on the other hand, use mesh network architectures to increase the maximum distance between an end device and a gateway. The end devices in the mesh network relay messages among themselves until they reach a gateway, which then forwards the messages to the internet. Mesh networks are self-programming and dynamically adapt to environmental conditions without requiring a master controller or hierarchy.To forward messages, the end devices in a mesh network must be either constantly or periodically ready to receive messages and cannot be put into standby mode for extended periods. This results in higher energy consumption by the end devices for forwarding messages to and from the gateways, and consequently, a reduction in battery life.
[0024] In contrast, LoRaWAN's star network architecture allows end devices (especially Class A and B) to enter a power-saving sleep mode for extended periods, thus minimizing battery drain and enabling operation for several years without a battery change. The gateway acts as a bridge between simple protocols optimized for battery life (LoRa / LoRaWAN), which are better suited for resource-constrained end devices, and the Internet Protocol (IP), used to provide IoT services and applications. After receiving data packets from the end device via LoRa / LoRaWAN, the gateway forwards them via the Internet Protocol (IP) to a network server and an application server, which in turn has interfaces to IoT platforms and applications.
[0025] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station functions as a gateway for communication within the forest fire detection system. Gateways facilitate the exchange of message packets between end devices, mobile forest fire detection units, and a central network server within a LoRaWAN mesh gateway network. The end devices are connected to the gateways via a single-hop connection. Thus, a forest fire detection station simultaneously serves as a weatherproof housing for a mobile forest fire detection unit and functions as a gateway for communication with a network server.
[0026] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station can communicate via at least two different communication channels, wherein the communication channels include satellite communication, LPWAN, LoRaWAN, 4G, 5G, LTE, radio, or similar wireless or wired communication channels. Information is received via the communication channels, e.g., position data of a detected fire, and transmitted, e.g., data about the status of the forest fire detection station. Using multiple communication channels is more resilient and ensures reliable message transmission.
[0027] In a further embodiment of the invention, the wildfire detection station communicates with other gateways, terminal devices, mobile wildfire detection units, border gateways, and / or the network server of the wildfire detection system. The gateways of the wildfire detection system are typically frontend gateways. The frontend gateways are interconnected, connected to terminal devices, and sometimes to border gateways. Frontend gateways are not connected to a network or application server. A border gateway can also be combined with a frontend gateway to form a mesh gateway device within a single unit. The border gateways are connected to frontend gateways, terminal devices, and / or the network server, either via a wired connection and / or a wireless connection using Internet Protocol.
[0028] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station comprises a receiving unit, a landing platform for the mobile forest fire detection unit, a transmitting unit, a power supply unit, and / or a coupling unit for mobile forest fire detection units. The forest fire detection station is configured to accommodate a mobile forest fire detection unit, supply it with electrical power, and communicate with gateways, terminal devices, the mobile forest fire detection unit, and the network server.
[0029] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection station includes sensors for detecting the mobile forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection station uses these sensors to detect the presence and / or coupling of the mobile forest fire detection unit with the forest fire detection station.
[0030] In a further aspect of the invention, the power supply unit comprises an energy conversion device arranged on the top of the forest fire detection station. The energy conversion device is preferably a photovoltaic system that provides the forest fire detection station with electrical energy without requiring maintenance.
[0031] In a further embodiment of the invention, the energy supply unit comprises an energy storage device (battery) arranged on the underside of the forest fire detection station, specifically beneath the landing platform of the forest fire detection station. The energy storage device is charged by the energy conversion device. The electrical energy stored in the energy storage device can be used to charge the second forest fire detection unit and thus power the forest fire detection station.
[0032] In a further embodiment of the invention, the power supply unit is designed and suitable for supplying the forest fire detection station and / or the mobile forest fire detection unit with electrical energy. The mobile forest fire detection unit can be charged and the forest fire detection station operated using the electrical energy stored in the power supply unit's energy storage. In a further embodiment of the invention, the mobile forest fire detection unit is immobilized and coupled to the forest fire detection station in standby mode. The forest fire detection station and mobile forest fire detection unit are typically in standby mode to conserve energy. They are only activated upon receiving a signal to initiate a forest fire detection process.
[0033] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection system is suitable and designed to automatically perform the detection, initial and / or secondary localization of a fire source. The forest fire detection and / or extinguishing process is initiated immediately after the initial localization of the fire source, for example, by using a flying drone as a mobile forest fire detection unit. Detection and / or extinguishing of a fire source can therefore begin immediately after a fire has started.
[0034] The problem is also solved by means of the inventive method for operating a forest fire detection station. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set out in the dependent claims.
[0035] The inventive method for operating a forest fire detection station comprises four process steps: In the first process step, information is received by a forest fire detection station of a forest fire detection system. The information contains position data of the fire source determined by an initial localization of the fire source and information about the extent of the fire source. The forest fire detection station has a communication unit for this purpose.
[0036] In the second step of the process, the operating state of the forest fire detection station is automatically changed upon receiving the information. The forest fire detection station is typically in a standby state in which information can be received and / or transmitted. This standby state is changed in such a way that the forest fire detection station puts a movable forest fire detection unit located within it into a ready-to-use state.
[0037] In the third step of the process, the forest fire detection station automatically sends a message to a mobile forest fire detection unit. This automatic message transmission includes the transfer of position data of the fire source and a start command to the mobile forest fire detection unit.
[0038] In the fourth step of the process, the mobile wildfire detection unit starts automatically after receiving the message sent by the wildfire detection station. The mobile wildfire detection unit receives the location data of the fire source and the start command. The mobile wildfire detection unit starts and moves to the location of the fire source.
[0039] In a further development of the invention, the information includes the detection of a forest fire, the position of the forest fire, a command to initiate a localization of the forest fire using the mobile forest fire detection unit, and the speed and / or direction of spread of the forest fire. The forest fire detection station is a weatherproof housing for the mobile forest fire detection unit. In standby mode, the mobile forest fire detection unit is immobilized and coupled to the forest fire detection station. The information includes, for example, the detection of a forest fire, its initial localization, and, if applicable, its speed and direction of spread.
[0040] In a further embodiment of the invention, after receiving the information, the forest fire detection station is opened to enable the launch of the mobile forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection station, which serves as a weatherproof housing for the forest fire detection unit, is typically closed in its standby state. To launch the mobile forest fire detection unit, the forest fire detection station is opened. In a further embodiment of the invention, after receiving the information, the mobile forest fire detection unit is detached from the forest fire detection station and / or the forest fire detection station is opened. In standby mode, the mobile forest fire detection unit is immobilely coupled to the forest fire detection station. The mobile forest fire detection unit is designed as an autonomous flying drone and is launched from the forest fire detection station at the start of the forest fire detection process.
[0041] In a further embodiment of the invention, after a change in the operating state of the forest fire detection station, a message is sent to the mobile forest fire detection unit indicating that the forest fire detection station has reached a changed operating state and is ready to start. This change in operating state results in the ready-to-start state, which includes opening the forest fire detection station and / or decoupling the mobile forest fire detection unit from the forest fire detection station. In standby mode, the mobile forest fire detection unit is immobilely coupled to the forest fire detection station. This coupling includes a data line between the forest fire detection station and the mobile forest fire detection unit. When the mobile forest fire detection unit is started from the forest fire detection station, it is decoupled.
[0042] In a further development of the invention, the motor of the mobile forest fire detection unit is started. The motor is preferably an electric motor that is supplied with electrical energy by means of an energy storage device (battery).
[0043] In a further development of the invention, the mobile forest fire detection unit is positioned within the forest fire detection station to facilitate its return. After the fire source has been located a second time, the mobile forest fire detection unit returns to the forest fire detection station to be recharged and, if necessary, serviced. This involves reconnecting the mobile forest fire detection unit to the forest fire detection station.
[0044] In a further embodiment of the invention, the positioning of the movable forest fire detection unit within the forest fire detection station is detected by the forest fire detection station using suitable sensors and / or, after positioning is complete, the movable forest fire detection unit communicates this information to the forest fire detection station. This communication takes place via the data line between the forest fire detection station and the movable forest fire detection unit.
[0045] In a further embodiment of the invention, after the positioning of the movable wildfire detection unit in the wildfire detection station is complete, the wildfire detection station is closed and / or the movable wildfire detection unit is coupled to the wildfire detection station. After coupling, the movable wildfire detection unit is recharged and, if necessary, serviced and put into a standby state. For this purpose, the wildfire detection station is closed to protect the movable wildfire detection unit from weather, damage from animals, and vandalism.
[0046] In a further embodiment of the invention, information is received from the forest fire station and / or the mobile forest fire detection unit for the detection and / or extinguishing of a forest fire. This information includes the ID of the terminal unit that detected a forest fire and / or the information that a potential forest fire has been detected. The mobile forest fire detection unit can optionally be used not only for the second localization of a fire source but also for fire suppression. In this case, the mobile forest fire detection unit also contains extinguishing agents, for example, in a tank. The ID of the terminal unit of the forest fire detection system also includes the position of the terminal unit that performs the initial localization of the fire source.The mobile forest fire detection unit therefore has the position of the first localization of the fire source and can create a flight route to the first localization and move to the position of the first localization.
[0047] In another aspect of the invention, the position of the end device is read from a database using its ID. The forest fire station receives the ID of the end device of the forest fire detection system that performed the initial localization. The ID of the end device of the forest fire detection system also includes the position of the end device that, as the first forest fire detection unit, performed the initial localization of the fire source. The IDs of all end devices arranged in the forest fire detection system are stored in a database, preferably on the network server. The ID is sent from the forest fire station to the mobile forest fire detection unit and read by the control unit of the mobile forest fire detection unit.The mobile forest fire detection unit therefore has information on the location of the terminal unit of the forest fire detection system, which was the first forest fire detection unit to perform an initial localization of the fire source.
[0048] In a further embodiment of the invention, the received information includes commands for detecting a forest fire. The mobile forest fire detection unit has information on the location of the terminal unit of the forest fire detection system, which, as the first forest fire detection unit, performed an initial localization of the fire source. The received information further includes commands to launch the mobile forest fire detection unit from the forest fire detection station, to fly to the initial localization of the fire source, to detect and secondly locate the fire source, and optionally to combat the fire. This enables automatic and / or autonomous detection of a fire source by the mobile forest fire detection unit.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a control command is generated upon receipt of the information, and this control command serves to put the forest fire detection station into a ready-to-start state. In standby mode, the mobile forest fire detection unit is immobilized and coupled to the forest fire detection station. The network server of the forest fire detection system receives the initial location of the first forest fire detection unit, generates a control command, and sends the control command to the forest fire detection station with the mobile forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection station receives the control command and transmits it to the mobile forest fire detection unit. Putting the forest fire detection station into a ready-to-start state involves opening a cover that protects the mobile forest fire detection unit from the elements and vandalism.
[0049] In a further embodiment of the invention, after reaching the changed operating state and / or the ready-to-start state, a message is generated and / or sent to the mobile forest fire detection unit, signaling to the mobile forest fire detection unit that the second localization of the forest fire can be carried out. The second localization includes the start of the mobile forest fire detection unit, the flight of the mobile forest fire detection unit to the location of the first localization and detection, and the second localization of the forest fire.
[0050] In a further embodiment of the invention, the mobile forest fire detection unit performs a second localization of the forest fire after receiving the communication. This second localization comprises the launch of the mobile forest fire detection unit, its flight to the location of the first localization and detection, and the second localization of the forest fire.
[0051] Description of the embodiments: Embodiments of the forest fire detection system and the method for locating forest fires at an early stage according to the invention are shown schematically simplified in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.
[0052] They show:
[0053] Fig. 1: Forest fire detection system
[0054] Fig. 2: Detailed view of the forest fire detection system according to the invention
[0055] Fig. 3: Second forest fire detection unit (drone)
[0056] Fig. 4a: Forest fire detection device, closed
[0057] Fig. 4b: Forest fire detection device, opening process
[0058] Fig. 4c: Forest fire detection device, open
[0059] Fig. 5: Forest fire detection device above the fire source
[0060] Fig. 6: Search pattern of the forest fire detection device, spiral
[0061] Fig. 7: Search pattern of the forest fire detection device, grid
[0062] An embodiment of a forest fire detection system 1 according to the invention, arranged in a forest W to be monitored, is shown in Fig. 1. The forest fire detection system 1 has a mesh gateway network 10 that utilizes LoRaWAN network technology. The LoRaWAN network 10 has a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the first forest fire detection sensors ED and a central internet network server NS via gateways. The first forest fire detection sensor is part of an end device ED and is located within it. In this document, therefore, end device ED and first forest fire detection sensor are used synonymously with the same reference numeral. The LoRaWAN mesh gateway network 10 has a plurality of first forest fire detection sensors ED, which are connected to gateways G via a single-hop connection FSK. The gateways G are typically mesh gateways MGD.The mesh gateways (MGD) are interconnected and partially linked to border gateways (BGD). The border gateways (BGD) are connected to the internet network server (NS), either via a wired connection (WN) or wirelessly using the Internet Protocol (IP).
[0063] A number of forest fire detection devices 100 are arranged in and around the forest W. Each forest fire detection device 100 has a forest fire detection station 200 and a movable forest fire detection unit 300 (see Fig. 4).
[0064] To autonomously locate a forest fire, an initial detection is carried out by one or more of the fixed first forest fire detection sensors (EDs). The first forest fire detection sensor (ED) features a sensor array for gas analysis, measuring the temperature of the gases, and determining the prevailing wind direction and speed. Alternatively or additionally, the sensor array can also acquire or receive signals regarding the prevailing wind direction from external measuring devices.
[0065] In the next step of the process, the forest fire is located using an initial localization. This initial localization is performed using the first forest fire detection sensor (ED), which marks the location of the fire. The initial localization is further enhanced by multiple first forest fire detection sensors (ED): Each of these sensors detects a signal originating from the gases produced by the forest fire, along with the individual timestamps of each signal's detection. Based on these three detected signals and their recorded detection timestamps, the forest fire's position is determined. Additionally, the 25DRY01P-WQ
[0066] Wind speed and direction are included in the initial localization of the forest fire, which can be detected using the first forest fire detection sensor ED.
[0067] To perform the initial localization, the position of each first forest fire detection sensor (ED) must be known as precisely as possible. Position determination can be carried out, for example, during the installation of the first ED. The first ED can be placed, for instance, on a tree in the forest W to be monitored, and its position can be determined once using a navigation satellite system, such as GPS (Global Positioning System). A standard GPS device or a smartphone can be used for this purpose.
[0068] It is also possible to determine the position of a first forest fire detection sensor (ED) using a suitable receiver. For position determination, the first forest fire detection sensor (ED) receives signals from at least four, usually six, sources. In the case of using the GPS satellite navigation system, these are radio signals on the Li frequency (1575.42 MHz). The sources are satellites that continuously broadcast their current position and the exact time. The determined position of the first forest fire detection sensor (ED) is stored permanently on the network server (NS) and optionally also in the control unit of the first forest fire detection sensor (ED) whose position was determined in this way. Alternatively or additionally, the position of a first forest fire detection sensor (ED) can be determined continuously or at intervals using the satellite navigation system.The position of a first forest fire detection sensor ED is then regularly checked and updated. The network server NS has a first control unit in the form of a software program stored in memory, by means of which the position of a fire source can be determined. Based on the initial localization of the forest fire BH by means of the first forest fire detection sensors ED, a second forest fire detection sensor 330 is positioned near the fire source such that the distance of the second forest fire detection sensor 330 to the fire source BF is less than the distance of a first forest fire detection sensor ED at the time of the first detection of the forest fire. For this purpose, the second forest fire detection sensor 330 is arranged in a movable and autonomously controllable, airborne forest fire detection unit 300 (see Fig. 3). The movable forest fire detection unit 300 is part of a forest fire detection device 100 (see Fig. 1).4, 5) arranged in a forest fire detection station 100.
[0069] This second localization of the fire source is advantageously more accurate than the first localization using the first forest fire detection sensors ED. The fire source is therefore located more precisely and can be fought more effectively. In addition to the second localization, the forest fire detection unit 300 transmits further information, such as the extent of the fire, to the network server NS, either via a direct connection between the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 and the internet network server NS, and / or via a connection between the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 and one or more gateways G, MGD, BGD. The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 includes a control unit and a communication unit for this purpose.
[0070] The positioning of the second 330 forest fire detection sensor, the second detection, and the second localization of the fire source typically occur multiple times over a period of time. The position, extent, direction, and speed of spread of the fire are therefore continuously recorded and updated.
[0071] After the second localization, the fire can optionally be fought using the mobile forest fire detection unit 300. The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 optionally includes an extinguishing unit. This extinguishing unit contains extinguishing agents, such as water or foam, which are ejected. Depending on the size of the fire and its direction and speed of spread, the extinguishing agent can be ejected multiple times. In particular, the extinguishing agent can be directed in different directions to contain the fire or extinguish it efficiently.
[0072] A detailed view of a forest fire detection system 1 according to the invention is shown in Fig. 2. The forest fire detection system 1 has a plurality of first forest fire detection sensors (terminals) ED, wherein eight first forest fire detection sensors ED communicate with a gateway G via a single-hop connection FSK. The gateways FGD are interconnected and connected to border gateways BGD. The border gateways BGD are connected to the internet network server NS, either via a wired connection WN or via a wireless connection using the internet protocol IP. A plurality of forest fire detection devices 100 are arranged around the forest to be monitored.
[0073] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the movable forest fire detection unit 300 according to the invention. The movable forest fire detection unit 300 is designed as an autonomous flying drone and therefore has a drive unit 320 with a plurality of rotors 322 driven by motors 321. The motors 321 are usually electric motors and are supplied with energy by a rechargeable energy storage device (battery). The forest fire detection unit 300 is steered by pivoting the rotors 322 and varying the rotational speed of the individual motors 321.
[0074] For the second localization of a fire source, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 has a second forest fire detection sensor 330, which in this embodiment is an infrared camera. Additionally, in this embodiment, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 has a further forest fire detection sensor 340, which is configured as a gas sensor. The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 also has a navigation sensor 350, which detects objects in the vicinity of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300. The navigation sensor 350 has one or more cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors (e.g., radar, ultrasound, lidar) that detect obstacles during the flight of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300.The obstacles are detected, recognized, and analyzed by the control unit located in the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 in such a way that the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 automatically avoids the obstacles during its flight. All of the aforementioned components are connected to and controlled by a second control unit of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300.
[0075] An embodiment of a forest fire detection station 100 is shown in Fig. 4. The forest fire detection station 100 comprises the main components housing 200 and the movable forest fire detection unit 300.
[0076] In this and the following embodiments, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 has two coaxial rotors with foldable rotor blades. The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 includes all the components of the unit presented in the preceding embodiment (see Fig. 3). The second forest fire detection sensor 330 is also designed as an IR camera, which, when the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 is active (flying or hovering), is directed towards the ground essentially parallel to the vertical axis of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300.
[0077] The forest fire detection station 100 is designed to accommodate the movable forest fire detection unit 300 and includes the housing 200. The forest fire detection station 100 has the landing platform 270, on which the movable forest fire detection unit 300 is arranged, and which divides the forest fire detection station 100 into two separate compartments 201 and 202. In its resting state, the movable forest fire detection unit 300 is located in the first compartment 201, which is designed to be openable. The weather protection 210 is designed to be opened and closed at the top (Fig. 4a). The forest fire detection station 100 has two interlocking half-shells that can be rotated relative to each other by means of hinges. The top side has an energy conversion unit 220, which in this embodiment is a photovoltaic system.
[0078] In the second room, 202, the components for operating the forest fire detection station 100 are arranged in a weatherproof manner. The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 is coupled to the forest fire detection station 100 via the receiver 250. The receiver 250 is connected to the energy storage unit of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 in order to charge the energy storage unit of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 with electrical energy.
[0079] The sensor device 280 detects the presence and / or coupling of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 with the forest fire detection station 100. The communication unit 260 comprises the receiving device 261 and the transmitting device 262 for communication with terminal devices ED, further gateways G, BGD, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 and the network server NS.
[0080] The energy storage unit 230 can be charged with electrical energy by the energy conversion unit 220 and supplies the forest fire detection station 100 and the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 with electrical energy. Additionally, the forest fire detection station 100 also has a control unit 240, which controls the energy conversion unit 220, the launch and landing of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300, and the opening and closing of the weather protection 210. The second room 202 is also protected from the weather by the landing platform 270, even when the weather protection 210 is open. For the operation of the forest fire detection station 100 and for the second localization of a forest fire, after the first detection and first localization BH of a fire source by a fixed first forest fire detection sensor ED (see Fig.
[0081] 1) The second forest fire detection sensor 330, and thus the mobile forest fire detection unit 300, is moved to the target area Z for the purpose of second detection, second localization, and forest fire detection. For this purpose, a route is first determined on the network server NS. The route includes the current position of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 as part of the forest fire detection station 100, as well as the position of the target area Z, in particular the first localization point BH. The forest fire detection station 100 has the communication unit 260, which is connected to the network server NS and receives and sends information about the extent of the fire and position data.
[0082] Upon receiving the information, the controller 240 generates a control command, thereby placing the forest fire detection station 100 into a ready-to-start state. Once ready, the controller 240 generates and transmits a message to the mobile forest fire detection unit 300, signaling that, following the initial localization of a forest fire by a stationary forest fire detection unit ED, a second localization of the forest fire can be performed. The weather protection 210 of the forest fire detection station 100 is opened (Fig. 4b). The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 is decoupled from the forest fire detection station 200 for start-up, and the motor 321 of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 is started (Fig. 4c).The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 then moves by motor along the calculated route to the target area Z of the first localization BH and performs a second localization of the forest fire.
[0083] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the second localization of a forest fire using the mobile forest fire detection unit 300. Having arrived in the target area Z around the first localization BH, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 scans for a source of a forest fire using the forest fire detection sensors 330 and 340. After detecting a source of fire, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 moves so that it hovers vertically at a distance E above the source of the fire. The source of the fire is thus located at the nadir of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 and is continuously detected by the second forest fire detection sensor 330, which is designed as an IR camera. The distance E is greater than the treetop height of the forest W. The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 then continuously transmits its position to the network server NS via the forest fire detection system 1.
[0084] This second localization of the fire source is advantageously more accurate than the first localization using the first forest fire detection sensors ED. The fire source is therefore located more precisely and can be fought more effectively. The mean square deviation of the second localization is 2.9 m in this embodiment. 4 In addition to the second localization of the fire source, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 transmits additional information, such as the extent of the fire, to the network server NS, either via a direct connection between the forest fire detection unit 300 and the internet network server NS and / or via a connection between the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 and one or more gateways G, MGD, BGD. The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 has a second control unit and a communication unit for this purpose.
[0085] The positioning of the second 330 forest fire detection sensor, the second detection, and the second localization of the fire source typically occur multiple times over a period of time. The position, extent, direction, and speed of spread of the fire are therefore continuously recorded and updated.
[0086] Depending on the extent, direction and speed of spread of the fire, the positioning of the second forest fire detection sensor 330, the second detection and second localization of the fire source and the forest fire detection can also be carried out simultaneously in parallel by means of a plurality of movable forest fire detection units 300.
[0087] The second controller of the forest fire detection unit 300 has a memory in which an executable program is stored by the second controller, enabling the autonomous and / or automatic operation of the second forest fire detection unit 300. Second detection of the fire source and second localization of the fire source are advantageously carried out fully or at least partially autonomously by means of the described method according to the invention for detecting a forest fire.
[0088] Figures 6 and 7 show the flight paths of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 to the initial location BH. The forest area W is traversed by open roads R and a stream B and features a clearing L and a lake S. The forest W itself consists of coniferous and deciduous trees (mixed forest), with the individual trees exhibiting varying tree heights, clearance heights, crown heights, and crown widths. The forest area W is surrounded by an open area P. The forest fire detection system 1, configured as shown in Figure 1 (see Figure 1), is located within the forest area W and is not shown here for clarity.
[0089] The route includes the current position of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 as part of the forest fire detection station 100, as well as the position of the target area Z. The forest fire detection device 100 has a communication unit that is connected to the network server NS and receives and sends information about the extent of the fire and position data.
[0090] The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 then travels under motorized power along the calculated route to the target area Z of the initial location. The mobile forest fire detection unit 300 flies at an altitude greater than the treetop height of the forest W, between 5 m and 100 m above the treetops, preferably between 10 m and 75 m above the treetops, and most preferably between 25 m and 50 m above the treetops. After takeoff, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 navigates its flight path to the fire and / or fire source at an altitude above the treetops to minimize or avoid obstacles during flight. Maneuvering around obstacles would increase the flight time. The flight altitude for detection is between 10 m and 100 m above the treetops, preferably between 25 m and 75 m above the treetops and particularly preferably between 30 m and 50 m above the treetops.
[0091] The first location BH exhibits a combined mean squared deviation (MSE) depending on the number of first forest fire detection sensors ED per unit area. In this embodiment, the density of deployed devices ED is 1 device ED per hectare (ha) of forest area. The MSE is greater than or equal to 100 m. 4 , in this and all further embodiments 95 m 4 Due to the short distance of the second forest fire detection sensor 330 to the fire source, the combined mean squared deviation (MSE) of the second location is significantly lower and less than 2.9 m. 4 , in this and all further embodiments 2.9 m 4 .
[0092] To detect a forest fire, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 performs a close-meshed overflight of the target area Z. This close-meshed overflight is such that the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 flies over an area with the first localization point at its center, continuously detecting and locating a fire source during this flight. The area flown over here is 20 m x 20 m. In further embodiments, the area flown over is 25 m x 25 m, preferably 50 m x 50 m, particularly preferably 100 m x 100 m, and especially preferably 150 m x 150 m.
[0093] The mesh density of the overflight depends on the resolution of the ground-facing forest fire detection sensor (here, an IR camera): The mesh density is chosen such that the individual meshes of the overflight overlap in such a way that the entire area being overflown is monitored without gaps. The meshes of the overflight can optionally be spaced less than 0.5 m apart. The overflight of the target area Z can be carried out in spirals (Fig. 6) or in lines (Fig. 7).
[0094] In target area Z, the second detection and localization of the fire source takes place, and optionally, the fire source is extinguished using the mobile forest fire detection unit 300. The second control unit of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 generates and / or executes control commands for the second detection of a fire source, for the second localization of a fire source, for the movement of the forest fire detection unit 300, for the navigation of the mobile forest fire detection unit 300, for the steering of the forest fire detection unit 300, and / or for the ejection of extinguishing agents 313.
[0095] After detection and second localization of the fire source, the mobile forest fire detection unit 300 returns to the forest fire detection station 100 and couples to the receiver 250 in such a way that the forest fire detection unit 300 is connected to the power supply (energy storage 230) of the forest fire detection station 100. The forest fire detection unit 300 is then recharged with electrical energy. Additionally, the weather protection 210 is closed (Fig. 4), and the forest fire detection station 100 is ready for use again. REFERENCE SIGN LIST
[0096] 1 Forest fire fighting system
[0097] 10 LoRaWAN mesh gateway network
[0098] ED terminal / First forest fire detection sensor G Gateway
[0099] NS Internet Network Server
[0100] IP Internet Protocol
[0101] MHF Multi-Hop Radio Network
[0102] MDG Mesh Gateways
[0103] BGD Border Gateway
[0104] FSK FSK modulation
[0105] WN Wired connection
[0106] W Forest
[0107] 100 forest fire detection stations
[0108] 200 cases
[0109] 201 First Room
[0110] 202 Second Room
[0111] 210 Weather protection
[0112] 220 energy conversion units
[0113] 230 energy storage units
[0114] 240 control
[0115] 250 capacity for forest fire fighting unit, 260 communication unit
[0116] 261 Receiving device
[0117] 262 Transmitting device 270 Landing platform
[0118] 280 Sensor device
[0119] 300 Mobile forest fire detection unit 320 Flight propulsion / drive unit
[0120] 321 Engine
[0121] 322 Rotor
[0122] 330 First sensor
[0123] 340 Second Sensor
[0124] 350 navigation sensor
[0125] 360 navigation unit
[0126] BH Place of first localization
[0127] W Forest area
[0128] L clearing
[0129] R Street
[0130] B Bach
[0131] See
[0132] P Non-forested area / Plain
Claims
PATENT CLAIMS 1. Forest fire detection station (100) for locating forest fires at an early stage with • a housing (200), • a controller (240) • an (energy) storage device (230), • a communication unit • a recording (250) for the recording of a mobile forest fire detection unit (300) • an energy supply characterized by the fact that the forest fire detection station (100) is equipped to accommodate the mobile forest fire detection unit (300), wherein the receiving (250) of the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) is arranged in a lockable room of the forest fire detection station (100).
2. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the forest fire detection system (1) comprises terminal devices (ED), gateways (G, BGD), a network server (NS) and / or an application server 3. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that The terminal devices (ED) each comprise a stationary forest fire detection unit.
4. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the gateways (G, BGD) communicate with gateways (G, BGD), end devices (ED) and / or the network server (NS).
5. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 2 to 4, characterized by the fact that The terminal devices (ED) only communicate with gateways (G, BGD).
6. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 2 to 5, characterized by the fact that The network server (NS) communicates with gateways (G, BGD) and / or the application server.
7. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 2 to 6, characterized by the fact that the forest fire detection system (1) includes a LoRaWAN mesh network (10).
8. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forest fire detection station (100) acts as a gateway (G) for communication of a forest fire detection system (1).
9. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to claim 8, characterized in that the forest fire detection station (100) can communicate via at least two different communication channels, including communication channels such as satellite communication, LP-WAN, LoRaWAN, 4G, 5G, LTE, radio or similar wireless or wired communication channels.
10. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by the fact that the forest fire detection station (100) communicates with other gateways (G), terminals (ED), mobile forest fire detection unit (300), border gateways (BGD) and / or the network server (NS) of the forest fire detection system (1).
11. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that The forest fire detection station (100) comprises a receiving unit, a landing platform for the mobile forest fire detection unit (300), a transmitting unit, a power supply unit and / or a coupling unit for mobile forest fire detection units.
12. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that The forest fire detection station (100) has sensors for detecting the mobile forest fire detection unit (300).
13. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the forest fire detection station (100) is configured to accommodate the movable forest fire detection unit (300), wherein the forest fire detection station (100) has all-round weather protection which is designed to be opened or closed at the top.
14. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that The power supply unit comprises a power conversion device (220) located on the top of the forest fire detection station (100).
15. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the power supply unit includes an energy storage device (battery) which is located on the underside of the forest fire detection station (100), the energy storage unit is located under the landing platform of the forest fire detection station (100).
16. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the power supply unit is designed and suitable for supplying electrical energy to the forest fire detection station (100) and / or the mobile forest fire detection unit (300).
17. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that In standby mode, the movable forest fire detection unit (300) is immovably coupled to the forest fire detection station (100).
18. Forest fire detection system (1) for locating forest fires at an early stage according to one or more of claims 8 to 17, characterized in that the forest fire detection system (1) is suitable and intended to automatically perform detection, first and / or second localization of a fire source 19. Procedure for operating a forest fire detection station (100) with the procedure steps • Receiving information at a forest fire detection station (100) of a forest fire detection system (1), • Automatic change of the operating state of the forest fire detection station (100) as a result of receiving the information • Automatic sending of a message by the forest fire detection station (100) to a mobile forest fire detection unit (300), • Automatic start of the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) after receiving the message sent by the forest fire detection station (100).
20. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that the information includes the detection of a forest fire, the position of the forest fire, a command to start a localization of the forest fire using the mobile forest fire detection unit (300), the spread speed and / or spread direction of the forest fire.
21. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 20, characterized in that After receiving the information, the forest fire detection station (100) is opened to allow the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) to be launched.
22. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 21, characterized by the fact that When the operating state changes, the movable forest fire detection unit (300) is decoupled from a forest fire detection station (100) and / or the forest fire detection station (100) is opened.
23. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 22, characterized by the fact that After the change in operating state, the forest fire detection station (100) sends a message to the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) indicating that the forest fire detection station (100) has reached a changed operating state and is ready to start. where the state ready to start is reached with the changed operating state, wherein the ready-to-start state includes the opening of the forest fire detection station (100) and / or the decoupling of the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) from the forest fire detection station (100).
24. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to one or more of claims 19 to 23, characterized by the fact that 25. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 24, characterized by the fact that the positioning of the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) in the forest fire detection station (100) is detected by the forest fire detection station (100) and / or the mobile forest fire detection unit by means of suitable sensors and / or after completion of the positioning, the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) communicates the achievement of the positioning to the forest fire detection station (100).
26. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 24 or 25, characterized by the fact that After the positioning of the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) in the forest fire detection station (100) is completed and / or after communication of the achievement of the positioning to the forest fire detection station (100), the forest fire detection station (100) is closed and / or the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) is coupled with the forest fire detection station (100).
27. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to one or more of claims 19 to 26, characterized by the fact that For the detection and / or extinguishing of a forest fire with a forest fire detection station (100), information is received from the forest fire station (100) and / or the mobile forest fire detection unit (300), the information including the ID of the terminal device (ED) that has detected a detected forest fire and / or the information that a possible forest fire has been detected.
28. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 27, characterized in that The position of the end device (ED) is read from a database using the ID of the end device (ED).
29. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 27 or 28, characterized by the fact that The information received includes commands for the detection of a forest fire.
30. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to one or more of claims 27 to 29, characterized by the fact that As a result of receiving the information, a control command is generated, the control command being used to put the forest fire detection station (100) into a ready-to-start state.
31. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 30, characterized by the fact that After reaching the changed operating state and / or the ready-to-start state, a message is generated and / or sent to the mobile forest fire detection unit (300), signaling to the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) that after an initial localization of a forest fire by a stationary forest fire detection unit (ED), a second localization of the forest fire can be carried out.
32. Method for operating a forest fire detection station (100) according to claim 31, characterized in that, after receiving the notification, the mobile forest fire detection unit (300) performs the second localization of the forest fire.