Hydrogel polymer-based formulation and preparation for plants with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, and procedures for their manufacture

Abstract

The hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants contains (a) a formulation carrier, which is a super water-absorbent polymer potassium polyacrylate or a biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate, (b) a water carrier in the formulation which is vermiculite, earthworm humus, collagen or bat guano, whereby, in the formulation preparation process, water (hereinafter referred to as: added water) is first added to the water carrier, and (c) a water transfer medium in the formulation, which is clay, bentonite or zeolite, which is added to the water carrier with added water in the formulation preparation process, whereby, in the formulation preparation process, the previously prepared mixture of the aforementioned water carrier with added water and of the aforementioned water transfer medium is added to the aforementioned formulation carrier. The formulation further comprises one or more fertilisers and one or more biostimulators for plants and, if necessary, lubricant and biochar. The aforementioned formulation is used to make a preparation for plants in the form of tablets or in the form of granules.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] 1

[0003] Hydrogel polymer-based formulation and preparation for plants with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, and procedures for their manufacture

[0004] Description of the invention

[0005] Technical field

[0006] The invention relates to a plant formulation comprising a hydrogel polymer, water and fertilisers for plants, as well as biostimulators for plants, whereby the hydrogel polymer is a super-absorbent polymer which transforms into a hydrogel in the presence of water. In addition, the invention also relates to a plant preparation made from said plant formulation, as well as to the processes for the manufacturing of said formulation and of said preparation.

[0007] Description of the technical issue

[0008] The process of preparing formulations for plants and transforming them into preparations in the form of granules or tablets with a super water-absorbent polymer as the carrier for the formulation, including ingredients such as plant nutrients or fertilisers and biostimulators or bioactivators for plants, in which said super water-absorbent polymer transforms into a hydrogel in the presence of water, is a technically demanding process requiring special attention during preparation, as well as controlling the conditions for the preparation of the mixture of ingredients in the formulation and the preparation of preparations from said mixture of ingredients in the formulation, whereby said formulation is used to make a preparation in the form of granules or tablets.

[0009] It is technically very difficult to add water to the mixture of ingredients for the preparation of the formulation, which is then used to prepare the preparation in the form of granules or tablets. If water comes into contact with the super-water-Description

[0010] 2

[0011] absorbent polymer too quickly, said polymer is moistened too quickly and stars to form lumps, which prevents the even distribution of ingredients in the formulation and, later, in the preparation made using the formulation. The preparation is made from the formulation by tabletting the formulation into tablets and granulating it into granules. Water in such a formulation is needed in order for the components of the formulation to be combined and compressed together into tablets. Similarly, water in such a formulation is needed in order for the components of the formulation to be combined and compressed together into granules in the granulation process.

[0012] Therefore, the technical problem in the preparation of the formulation from the mixture of ingredients and, further, in making the preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules using such a formulation is to provide a precise amount of water in the mixture of ingredients in the formulation, which on the one hand allows the formulation to be tabletted or granulated into tablets and granules, while on the other hand preventing the uneven distribution of ingredients and the formation of lumps in the formulation and, later, in the preparation which can either be presented in the form of tablets or granules.

[0013] When water is incorrectly added to the mixture of ingredients in the preparation of the formulation, especially if water content is excessive, the formation of hydrogel from the polymer occurs too quickly and in an uncontrolled manner, whereby excessively large particles, lumps and larger clusters of mixtures of hydrogel polymer with other components of the formulation are formed; in the worst case scenario, the formulation includes no other ingredients, which leads to an uneven distribution of ingredients in the formulation and prevents the preparation of the mixture of ingredients with the polymer when an excessive quantity of water is present, and prevents the granulation of the formulation into granules or the tabletting of the formulation into tablets during the preparation of the preparation. In the worst case scenario, a hydrogel is formed from a polymer with undesirable characteristics of the structure and rheology of the mixture due to an excessive water content. The hydrogel made using polymer with absorbed water is very sticky and sticks to parts of devices, which prevents the formation of a uniformDescription

[0014] 3

[0015] mixture of formulation components and further prevents the formation of granules or tablets from such a formulation.

[0016] In addition, the technical problem is to produce, with an affordable process and devices, such a mixture of the formulation and, subsequently, a preparation in the form of granules or tablets, where the preparation in the growth medium of the plant allows water retention, while at the same time offering a combination of plant nutrients (fertilisers) and biostimulants for plants in a certain mutual ratio of the quantities of these ingredients, where these ingredients are evenly distributed in the preparation and where the preparation allows for an easy and accurate dosing and use, as well as for easy packaging and storage. The technical problem is therefore also the process of producing multi-functional preparations in the form of granules or in the form of hydrogel polymer tablets, where such preparations allow for an accurate dosing of a combination of various plant nutrients (fertilisers) and biostimulators for plants, and are adapted according to each plant type and plant growth phase. Each plant type and each plant growth phase requires the optimal combination of necessary nutrients (fertilisers) and biostimulators, as well as water around the root of the plant, especially in the first phase of growth of a young plant, during which the plant is most sensitive.

[0017] Information on state of the art

[0018] The EP 3280780 B1 patent, published and granted on 11 October 2023, describes a water-absorbent preparation, which is an agricultural product for improving soil properties containing a super-absorbent or super-absorbent polymer (abbreviation: SAP), fertiliser, water-soluble phosphate to improve the water absorption of such a product and, furthermore, at least one other beneficial additive for plants selected among fertilisers, mycorrhiza, micronutrients, amino acids, plant activators, plant growth regulators, as well as bactericides, fungicides, and virucides. This patent points out that preparations for improving the properties of soils containing SAPDescription

[0019] 4

[0020] polymers reduce the absorption of water in these super-absorbent polymers due to the presence of salts, especially as fertilisers.

[0021] The described water-absorbent preparation comprises (a) at least one or more super-absorbent polymers, including crosslinked polyacrylic acid potassium salt, acrylic acid polymer sodium salt, sodium polyacrylates; (b) at least one water-soluble phosphate selected from monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, rock phosphate (phosphate rock), monopotassium phosphate, potassium diphosphate, and dipotassium phosphate; and (c) a fertiliser; wherein the water-soluble phosphate is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% by weight of the super-absorbent polymer.

[0022] The fertiliser described is an organic or inorganic fertiliser, such as e.g. urea, NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), nitrogen-based fertiliser, phosphate, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sulphur, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, cobalt, boron and their salts and derivatives, peat, limestone, stone phosphate, blood meal, bone meal, compost, humic acid, amino acids, seaweed extracts, fish meal, poultry feather meal, potassium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium sulphate, potassium nitrate, potassium magnesium sulphate, zinc sulphate, zinc oxide, zinc ammonium complex, di-ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, triple superphosphate, or mixtures thereof.

[0023] Further additives in the preparation include, for example, inert fillers, binders, surfactants, and dispersing agents. Described inert fillers and binders include, for example, mineral soils and clays such as bentonite, perlite, talc, kaolin, aluminium silicate, diatomaceous earth, atapulgite, clay, barium sulphate, mica, zeolites, calcium carbonate, precipitated silicon dioxide, precipitated silicates, aluminium silicate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, and magnesium citrate, as well as sugars, such as sucrose and lactose.

[0024] The implementation examples describe show that, due to the water-soluble phosphate in this preparation, a high degree of water absorption is maintained inDescription

[0025] 5

[0026] relation to the weight of the super-absorbent polymer compared to the preparation without added water-soluble phosphate, despite the fertiliser and salt content.

[0027] The preparation is in the form of granules, powder, or in liquid form, and is used in agriculture for application to a plant, root, seed, or seedling using various methods, including, for example, mixing the described preparation with another plant growth medium, where said plants, roots, seeds, or seedlings are then planted in this mixture of growth medium.

[0028] The preparation in the form of granules is manufactured according to the procedure consisting of:

[0029] - mixing an organic or inorganic fertiliser with at least one binder;

[0030] - adding a super-absorbent polymer and homogenizing the mixture;

[0031] - adding at least one water-soluble phosphate to the mixture;

[0032] - adding water to a mixture of fertiliser, binder, super-absorbent polymer and water-soluble phosphate to form a dough-like mixture;

[0033] - granulating dough-like mixtures into granules; and

[0034] - drying the granules.

[0035] Granulation is carried out through the process of extrusion, pan granulation or fluid-bed granulation.

[0036] In one of the implementation examples described (reference example 2), precipitated silicate and kaolin (filler and binder) are first mixed with one another, after which a super-absorbent polymer hereinafter referred to as “SAP”) and water-soluble trisodium phosphate is added to the mixture. The required amount of distilled water is then added during stirring, forming a dough-like mixture, whereby the exact amount of water is not disclosed anywhere in the document. Said dough-like mixture is extruded through an extruder in order to produce granules. The extruded granules are dried in a fluid bed drier.

[0037] In the second implementation example described (reference example 3), a superabsorbent polymer, kaolin and trisodium phosphate are mixed with each otherDescription

[0038] 6

[0039] during constant stirring. An amount of distilled water is added to this mixture during mixing to form a dough-like mixture, which is then used to make granules through the process of extrusion through an extruder, after which the manufactured granules are dried in a fluid bed drier.

[0040] The preparation may contain from 0.1 g to 100 g of super-absorbent polymer (hereinafter referred to as “SAP”) per 100 g of preparation, preferably from 0.1 g to 50 g of SAP per 100 g of preparation or from 0.1 g to 10 g of SAP per 100 g of preparation.

[0041] In addition, the aforementioned patent also describes an agricultural product made of several individual parts, which contains several packagings and includes: (a) a first container with a super-absorbent polymer; (b) a second container with water-soluble phosphate; and (c) optionally a third container with a plant beneficial additive (e.g. mycorrhizas, fertiliser, etc.), whereby these ingredients are mixed together before use.

[0042] In parallel to this EP 3280780 B1 patent, the patent application WO 2016 / 162783 was published before said patent on 13 October 2016, with similar content and with reference to the same priority right, with the date of the first filed application on 6 April 2015.

[0043] The aforementioned documents EP 3280780 B1 and WO 2016 / 162783 do not indicate the amount of water to be added to the mixture of the ingredients of the preparation for further preparation of the granulate, and do not describe the issue of ensuring a uniform (homogeneous) distribution of the ingredients in the preparation, in the so-called dough-like mixture, and in the formulation made from said preparation in the form of granules.

[0044] The use of super-absorbent polymers (abbreviated as SAP) in combination with plant growth promoting additives (fertilisers) for the preparation of soil additives isDescription

[0045] 7

[0046] described in the patent application WO 1998 / 012154, published on

[0047] 28 March 1998. The described soil additive is presented in the form of granules. In the presented solution, the water absorption of super-absorbent polymers is controlled through repeated wet / dry cycles in the soil to achieve a gradual release of the plant growth stimulating additive from the soil additive into the surrounding soil during individual wet cycles. The super-absorbent polymer is sodium or potassium polyacrylate, i.e. anionic super-absorbent polymers, in the form of particles, whereby the degree of their swelling in aqueous solutions depends on the concentration of cations in the solutions.

[0048] The plant growth stimulating additive is absorbed into the particles of this superabsorbent polymer (and is therefore not only an admixture in the polymer), and is either urea or nitrate (e.g. ammonium nitrate or calcium nitrate) or a compound containing at least nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium, and either nitrate or phosphate. Additives as described are fertilisers for plants. This combined soil supplement has an absorption capacity index (ACI) in the range of 4 to 50 (or 10 to 45), which is expressed as a proportion of the weight of water in the water-saturated polymer relative to the weight of the dry polymer (the ACI is calculated using the following formula: (weight of water-saturated polymer - weight of dry polymer) / weight of dry polymer)).

[0049] The soil additive is made by dissolving the super-absorbent polymer (SAP) in water to achieve a swollen aqueous gel state (hydrogel) of the polymer. A water-soluble inorganic compound with cations for cross-linking with polyacrylate, e.g. a soluble salt of at least one of the alkali metals (group IA), alkaline earth metals (group HA), aluminium, copper (II), iron (III) and zinc or ammonium ion salts is then added to this mixture. This water-soluble inorganic compound comprises at least one cation of the potassium, calcium and ammonium groups, with nitrate as an anion. Nitrates and phosphates with the aforementioned cations are described as salts, which are simultaneously crosslinkers and additives to stimulate plant growth (essentially fertilisers). Preferably, the additive itself for stimulating plant growth is such a compound with cations. The transverse connection of the cationsDescription

[0050] 8

[0051] to the polymer allows the SAP polymer swelling to be loosened, in order to achieve the desired absorption capacity index (ACI) of the polymer gel thus prepared in the final product. A plant growth stimulating additive, which is either urea or nitrate (e.g. ammonium nitrate or calcium nitrate), or a compound containing at least nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium and containing nitrate or phosphate, is further added. The prepared product is then separated from the water by a drying process to obtain a solid with a moisture content of 1 % to 10%, which is then ground to the desired particle size. The dry product thus prepared has a controlled level of swelling. On first contact with water, it therefore swells only moderately, which is also the case during repeated future cycles of contact with water, which allows for the gradual release of the additive to stimulate growth in the soil. The product “soil additive” according to patent application

[0052] WO 1998 / 012154 is added to the soil in the amount of 0.01 to 0.5 weight percent.

[0053] The preparation in the form of granules with mycorrhizal fungi for use in agriculture is described in the patent application WO 2023 / 094496, published on 1 June 2023. The preparation includes a combination of mycorrhizal fungi, microalgae, and carrier granules. The mycorrhizal fungi in this preparation are a combination of ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal fungi, or this combination includes more than 90% of endomycorrhizal fungi. The preparation contains from 0.5 to 5% by weight of mycorrhizal fungi according to the total weight of the preparation in its dry state (or according to dry weight), and / or from 500 to 500,000 spores of mycorrhizal fungi per kilogram of the preparation. The carrier granule is zeolite or bentonite. Zeolite load-bearing granules are contained in the preparation in an amount of more than 80% by weight (w / w) of the dry weight of the preparation. The described preparation does not contain super-absorbent polymers.

[0054] Microalgae in the preparation according to patent application WO 2023 / 094496 are as follows:

[0055] a) microalgae of the phylum: Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, Heterokontophyta or Rhodophyta; and / orDescription

[0056] 9

[0057] b) microalgae of the genus: Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Nannochlor opsis, Muriellopsis, Isochrysis, Tisochrysis, Desmodesmus, Haematococcus, Arthrospira and Anabaena.

[0058] An endomycorrhizal concentrate comprising endomycorrhizal fungal spores and a powder carrier medium, selected from zeolite powder and / or one or more clay minerals, such as bentonite, montmorillonite, apatite, or a combination thereof, is described in the patent application WO 2009 / 009805, published on

[0059] 15 January 2009. The described concentrate does not contain super-absorbent polymers. The concentrate of endomycorrhizal fungi contains over 700 spores per gram of concentrate. The concentrate is used in the form of a water-soluble preparation or dispersion comprising an endomycorrhizal concentrate and one or more concentrates of various plant growth promoting microorganisms and / or metabolites (e.g. enzymes) of these plant growth promoting microorganisms, including a) Trichoderma fungi spp, e.g. Trichoderma harzianum, e.g. strain T22; b) bacteria, preferably nitrogen-binding species, e.g. Azomonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, Azospirillum spp, Azotobacter spp, Rhizobium spp, Agrobacteria spp, Bacillus spp, Bavarea spp. The described bacteria also contain Actimomycetes thermophilus, Streptomyces spp, Azotobacter chococcum, Mixobacteria eelvibrio, M. cytophaga, Bacillus ciculaus, Bacillus subtilis.

[0060] The granular formulation of mycorrhizal fungi is described on the website https: / / mycorrhizae.com / mycoapply-endo / , accessed on 17 December 2024, describing the product “MycoApply® Endo” made by Mycorrhizal Applications, USA, for use in agriculture and horticulture, among others, and states that this product is a granular inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi containing four types of endomycorrhizal fungi. The specification of this granular product available at https: / / mycorrhizae.com / wp-content / uploads / 2018 / 05 / IAPS19-App-Spec-Sheet-Endo-Single-lsolate-v1.1-20230428-Web.pdf, accessed on 17 December 2024, states that these four species of fungi are Rhizophagus intraradices, FunneliformisDescription

[0061] 10

[0062] mosseae, Claroideoglomus claroideum and Claroideoglomus etunicatum. The granular formulation contains 132.4 g of propagulates of these fungi per gram of formulation, or 33.1 propagulates of each type of fungus per gram of formulation. The formulation contains 0.03% of active ingredients, i.e. the aforementioned fungi, and 99.97% of inactive ingredients, i.e. clay as a carrier. It is recommended to dose 0.57 grams of formulation per litre of soil, which means about

[0063] 75 propagules of fungus per liter of soil.

[0064] The granular formulation with mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria and fertiliser is described at https: / / plantrevolution.com / products / granular?srsltid=AfmBOooGSgFp2ELLfnTr4_ OGSPmycupyij8koFtCRjbj4FyDeaNOmlKS, accessed on 17 December 2024, which represents the formulation with the trade name “Plant Success Organics Granular® Mycorrhizae 3-1-2” made by Plant Revolution, Inc., USA. The label of this product is available at https: / / cdn.shopify.eom / s / files / 1 / 0231 / 9722 / 0928 / files / plant_success_organics_gra nular_1 lb_master_lowres.pdf?1975, accessed on 17 December 2024.

[0065] The granular formulation contains mycorrhizal fungi, namely the following endomycorrhizal fungi: Glomus aggregatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus clarum, Glomus monosporum, Glomus deserticola, Gigaspora margarita and Paraglomus brazilianum, as well as the following ectomycorrhizal fungi: Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogon fulvigleba, Rhizopogon villosullus, Rhizopogon amylopogon, Pisolithus tinctorious, Scleroderma citrinum, Scleroderma cepa, Suillus granulatus, Laccaria bicolor and Laccaria laccata. The bacteria in the formulation are: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus azotoformans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter chroococcum, Paenibacillus durum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Furthermore, the granular formulation also contains fungi of the species Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma harzianum, as well as yeast fungi of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fertiliser in the formulation contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 3:1:2, and isDescription

[0066] 11

[0067] obtained from hydrolyzed poultry feather meal, meat meal, bone meal, poultry meal, blood meal, fish meal, and the mineral langbeinite (potassium magnesium sulfate). The carrier components of the granular formulation that carry these microorganisms have not been described.

[0068] The tablets with mycorrhizal funghi are described at https: / / www.bio-plex.com / wp-content / uploads / 2017 / 01 / 8-2 -4-BIO-Mycorrhiza-9x5-label-NEW.pdf, accessed on 17 December 2024, and at https: / / www.bio-plex.com / shop / which presents the product “BioPlex® 8-2-4 BIO- MYCORRHIZA™ fertiliser Planting Tablets” made by BioPlex® Organics, USA. The described tablets contain 0.05% fungi, which are ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctoris, Rhizopogon villosulus, Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogon amylopogon and Rhizopogon fulvigleba, and vesicular arbuscular (VAM) endomycorrhizal fungi Glomus intratadices (new name:

[0069] Rhizophagus irregularis), Glomus clarum, Glomus monosporus, Glomus deserticola, Glomus brasilianum, Glomus margarita and Glomus mosseae.

[0070] Mycorrhizal fungi are in the form of viable spores. The tablets also contain the fertilisers nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the so-called NPK, in a ratio of 8:2:4 with slowed release, and further also contain iron and calcium. Furthermore, the tablets contain black sugar cane molasses (5%), active beneficial microbes (0.5%), compost (86.95%), and inert ingredients as fillers (7.05%).

[0071] A slightly different tablet with mycorrhizal fungi is described by the website https: / / www.soiltechcorp.com / product / plant-success-tablets / , accessed on

[0072] 17 December 2024, which presents tablets with the trade name “Plant Success Tablets” made by Soil Technologies Corp., ZDA. The website https: / / www.soiltechcorp.com / wp-content / uploads / Plant_Success-Tabs_TDS.pdf, accessed on 17 December 2024, describes further details, namely that these tablets contain a mixture of 17 types of ecto- and endomycorrhizal fungi, as well as macro nutrients for plants, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plants (abbreviation: NPK) in the ratio 17:9:5. NPK macro nutrients are derived from urea formalehyde, potassium nitrate, phosphoric acid, and monopotassium phosphate. The tablets contain the extract of seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and mycorrhizalDescription

[0073] 12

[0074] fungi in calcined clay, namely the following endomycorrhizal fungi: Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, Glomus clarum, Glomus monosporum, Glomus deserticola, Glomus brasillianum, Glomus etunicatum and Gigaspora margarita, and the following ectomycorrhizal fungi: Pisolithus tinctorious, Rhizopogon villosullus, Rhizopogon luteolus, Rhizopogon amylopogon, Rhizopogon fulvigleba, Scleroderma citrinum, Scleroderma cepa, Laccarria laccata and Laccarria bicolor. Other components of the tablets are not described.

[0075] None of the documents found in our research of the state of the art describes the problem of preparing a formulation from a mixture of ingredients, which includes a hydrogel super-absorbent polymer and water, as well as plant nutrients and plant biostimulators, while providing a homogeneous mixture of ingredients in the formulation, from which a preparation would then be made in the form of granules through the process of granulation or in the form of tablets through the tabletting process, in order to prepare a preparation with a uniform (homogeneous) distribution of ingredients.

[0076] Description of the solution of the technical issue

[0077] The object pursuant to the present invention is a hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of tablets or granules.

[0078] Furthermore, the object pursuant to the present invention is a preparation for plants made using a hydrogel polymer with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is in the form of granules or in the form of tablets and which is made from said formulation.

[0079] Furthermore, the object pursuant to the present invention is the process of preparing a formulation for plants from a hydrogel polymer with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, and the process of preparing a preparation for plantsDescription

[0080] 13

[0081] from a hydrogel polymer with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, whereby said preparation is made from said formulation.

[0082] A formulation within the meaning pursuant to the present invention is a mixture of two or more substances which are components of a formulation, and is intended for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of tablets or granules, whereby said preparation is used in agriculture, farming and horticulture to be added to the soil, or as a growth medium into which a seed or tuber of a plant is planted, or into which cuttings of a plant are rooted to grow into a plant.

[0083] A substance within the meaning pursuant to the present invention is a chemical element or a compound of a chemical element with other chemical elements as occurring in nature or as manufactured industrially or in a laboratory.

[0084] A plant within the meaning pursuant to the present invention is a living plant or a living part of a plant, including roots and cuttings.

[0085] The object pursuant to the present invention is a hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of tablets, whereby said formulation contains the following ingredients:

[0086] a formulation carrier selected from the group consisting of potassium polyacrylate, which is a super water-absorbent polymer, and lignosulfonate, which is a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer, where said super water-absorbent polymer absorbs water in the presence of water and forms a hydrogel in combination with water;

[0087] a water carrier in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water carrier”), which is selected from the group consisting of vermiculite, earthworm humus, collagen, and bat guano, and a combination of two water carriers listed herein, to which water isDescription

[0088] 14

[0089] first added in the process of preparation of the formulation (hereinafter referred to as “added water”);

[0090] a water transfer medium in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water transfer medium”), which is selected from the group consisting of clay, bentonite and zeolite, and a combination of two water transfer mediums listed herein, which is mixed with the water carrier with added water during the preparation of the formulation;

[0091] whereby, in the process of preparation of the formulation, a previously prepared mixture of said water carrier with added water and said water transfer medium is mixed and added to said formulation carrier,

[0092] whereby the target water content in the formulation for the manufacture of tablets is from 13% to 19% by weight of water per weight of the formulation, whereby this is the target weight % of water in the formulation for the manufacture of tablets.

[0093] Furthermore, the object of the present invention is a hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of tablets, whereby said formulation contains the following ingredients:

[0094] a formulation carrier selected from the group consisting of potassium polyacrylate, which is a super water-absorbent polymer, and lignosulfonate, which is a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer, where said super water-absorbent polymer absorbs water in the presence of water and forms a hydrogel in combination with water;

[0095] a water carrier in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water carrier”), which is clay and to which water is first added in the process of preparation of the formulation (hereinafter referred to as “added water”);Description

[0096] 15

[0097] a water transfer medium in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water transfer medium”), which is selected from the group consisting of zeolite and bentonite, which is mixed with the water carrier with added water during the preparation of the formulation;

[0098] whereby, in the process of preparation of the formulation, a previously prepared mixture of said water carrier with added water and said water transfer medium is mixed and added to said formulation carrier,

[0099] whereby the target water content in the formulation for the manufacture of tablets is from 13% to 19% by weight of water per weight of the formulation, whereby this is the target weight % of water in the formulation for the manufacture of tablets.

[0100] Furthermore, the object of the present invention is a hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of granules, whereby said formulation contains the following ingredients:

[0101] a formulation carrier selected from the group consisting of potassium polyacrylate, which is a super water-absorbent polymer, and lignosulfonate, which is a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer, where said super water-absorbent polymer absorbs water in the presence of water and forms a hydrogel in combination with water;

[0102] a water carrier in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water carrier”), which is selected from the group consisting of vermiculite, earthworm humus, collagen, and bat guano, and a combination of two water carriers listed herein, to which water is first added in the process of preparation of the formulation (hereinafter referred to as “added water”);Description

[0103] 16

[0104] a water transfer medium in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water transfer medium”), which is selected from the group consisting of clay, bentonite and zeolite, and a combination of two water transfer mediums listed herein, which is mixed with the water carrier with added water during the preparation of the formulation;

[0105] whereby, in the process of preparation of the formulation, a previously prepared mixture of said water carrier with added water and said water transfer medium is mixed and added to said formulation carrier,

[0106] whereby the target water content in the formulation for the manufacture of granules is from 3% to 6% by weight of water per weight of the formulation, whereby this is the target weight % of water in the formulation for the manufacture of granules.

[0107] Furthermore, the object of the present invention is a hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of granules, whereby said formulation contains the following ingredients:

[0108] a formulation carrier selected from the group consisting of potassium polyacrylate, which is a super water-absorbent polymer, and lignosulfonate, which is a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer, where said super water-absorbent polymer absorbs water in the presence of water and forms a hydrogel in combination with water;

[0109] a water carrier in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water carrier”), which is clay and to which water is first added in the process of preparation of the formulation (hereinafter referred to as “added water”);

[0110] a water transfer medium in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water transfer medium”), which is selected from the groupDescription

[0111] 17

[0112] consisting of zeolite and bentonite, which is mixed with the water carrier with added water during the preparation of the formulation;

[0113] whereby, in the process of preparation of the formulation, a previously prepared mixture of said water carrier with added water and said water transfer medium is mixed and added to said formulation carrier,

[0114] whereby the target water content in the formulation for the manufacture of granules is from 3% to 6% by weight of water per weight of the formulation, whereby this is the target weight % of water in the formulation for the manufacture of granules.

[0115] In the specified formulation for plants, which is either used for the manufacture of a preparation for plants in the form of tablets or for the manufacture of a preparation for plants in the form of granules,

[0116] - each component of the formulation has an initial weight of water, which is calculated on the basis of the weight of each ingredient in the formulation and the measurement of the water content in each ingredient with a substance moisture meter, whereby the water content in each ingredient of the formulation is measured in weight % of water in each ingredient, where these are weight % of water per weight of each ingredient, including the water it contains, and this measurement is carried out at the beginning of the formulation preparation process, where the initial weight of water in each ingredient of the formulation is calculated as the product of the stated weight of each ingredient in the formulation and weight % of water in this individual ingredient, pursuant to the following Formula 1:Description

[0117] 18

[0118] (% by weight of water in ( eight of each individual Initial weight of water n each individual ingredient) X ingredient, including water (g)) each individual ingredient (g)

[0119] 100%

[0120] - where the initial weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the sum of the initial weights of water of the individual components in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 2:

[0121] Initial weight of water (Initial weight of water + (Initial weight of water + (Initial weight of water i

[0122]

[0123] n the formulation (g) = in ingredient 1 (gj) in ingredient 2 (g )) in ingredient n (gjj

[0124] where 1, 2 or n means an individual ingredient in the formulation;

[0125] - where the target weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the product of the weight of the formulation, including the water it contains, where the weight of the formulation is the sum of the weights of the individual components in the formulation, and the target weight % of water in the formulation, pursuant to the following Formula 3:

[0126] (Target % by weight of (Weight of the formulation, Target weight of water water in the formulation) X including water (g))

[0127] in the formulation (g) =

[0128] 100%

[0129] - where the added weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the difference between the target weight of water in the formulation and the initial weight of water in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 4:Description

[0130] 19

[0131] Added weight of water (Target weight of water > (Initial weight of water in the formulation (g) = in the formulation (g)) in the formulation (g)) - whereby the added water in the quantity of the aforementioned calculated added weight of water in the formulation is first added to the aforementioned water carrier under constant stirring in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture of water carrier and added water, whereby this water is deionized and filtered using a UV filter in order to sterilize the water and to destroy potential microorganisms in this water;

[0132] - whereby the aforementioned water transfer medium is then added to said water carrier with the added weight of water, which is in the form of a homogeneous mixture of water carrier and added water, under constant stirring, so that the water from the water carrier passes into the water transfer medium and is evenly distributed throughout the mixture of the water carrier, added water and water transfer medium, and that a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier, added water and water transfer medium is achieved;

[0133] - whereby, in the process of preparing the formulation, a previously prepared homogeneous mixture of the aforementioned water carrier with added water and the aforementioned water transfer medium is added to the prepared formulation carrier in the amount of 80% of the weight of the formulation carrier, so that the water from the mixture of the water carrier, added water and water transfer medium slowly passes into the formulation carrier, after which the remaining 20% of the weight of the formulation carrier is added under constant stirring to obtain a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier.

[0134] In the formulations pursuant to the present invention for the manufacture of tablets and the manufacture of granules from said tablets, the water content of these formulations is crucial. This is why it is important to already measure and controlDescription

[0135] 20

[0136] the water content in the individual components of this formulation. These ingredients often already contain a certain amount of water, which can fluctuate depending on the air humidity conditions in the environment in which these ingredients are manufactured or stored. Therefore, each of these ingredients in the preparation of the formulation potentially adds a certain amount of water into the formulation, which is, in this document, referred to as the initial weight of water in each ingredient and is calculated according to the aforementioned Formula 1.

[0137] In the process of preparation of the formulation pursuant to this invention and in the process of preparation of the preparation pursuant to this invention from this formulation, it is crucial to measure the water content in these individual ingredients at the beginning of the process of preparation of the formulation and also later, in the mixture of these ingredients in some later steps of this process of preparation of the formulation and the subsequent process of preparation of the preparation from this formulation.

[0138] This is why it is important to measure the water content in the prepared formulation and in the formulation immediately before the production of tablets or granules from this formulation.

[0139] The water content in each component of the formulation, in the mixture of these components and in the prepared formulation is measured with a substance moisture meter. The substance moisture meter measures the water content in % by weight of water according to the total weight of the substance that includes the water contained.

[0140] In each ingredient of the formulation, the measured water content is provided in weight % of water in each ingredient per weight of said individual ingredient, which includes the aforementioned water in that ingredient. Such weight % of water in each component of the formulation shall be calculated pursuant to the following Formula 5:Description

[0141] 21

[0142] % by weight of water in each (Weight of water in each individual ingredient (g)) individual ingredient = - - - x 100 % (Weight of each individual ingredient,

[0143] including water (g))

[0144] In the formulation, the measured water content is provided in weight % of water in the formulation per weight of said formulation, which includes the aforementioned water in that formulation. Such weight % of water in the formulation shall be calculated pursuant to the following Formula 6:

[0145] (Weight of water in the formulation (gj) % by weight of water in the formulation - - - - — x 100%

[0146]

[0147] (Weight of form ulation, includi ng water (gj)

[0148] The water carrier in the formulation absorbs water in a larger amount according to its dry weight. The water carrier must be able to absorb water up to at least 60% by weight (w / w) of its dry weight. The water carrier is selected from the group consisting of vermiculite, earthworm humus, collagen, and bat guano, and a combination of two water carriers listed herein.

[0149] Vermiculite in the formulation and the preparation made from vermiculite is a natural mineral of magnesium iron-aluminium silicate with the chemical formula (Mg, Ca, K, Fe+2)3(Si, AI, Fe+3)40io(OH)2'4H20

[0150] Vermiculite is an expanded mineral of magnesium-iron-aluminium silicate, which absorbs water well, up to 80% by weight of its dry weight. It is preferably crushed to particle size in microns (pm), where particle size is preferably in the particle diameter range of 20 pm to 800 pm, and most preferably amounts to 300 pm.

[0151] Vermiculite in the formulation pursuant to the present invention acts as a water carrier, both adsorbing water (binding it to its surface) and absorbing water (absorbing it into its structure). During the preparation of the formulation, it serves as a water carrier, transferring the water in the formulation to a water transferDescription

[0152] 22

[0153] medium (e.g. clay, bentonite or zeolite), whereby the water then passes from the mixture of the water carrier, added water and water transfer medium into a super water-absorbent polymer.

[0154] Vermiculite in the form of tablets or in the form of granules for plants, manufactured using the formulation pursuant to the present invention, serves to improve the properties of the soil or growth medium to which the preparation is added, improving the structure of the growth medium, as well as its air permeability and water permeability, water absorption, and the ability of the growth medium to retain water. In addition to being a carrier of water in formulations, vermiculite also contains macronutrients for plants such as magnesium, calcium, sulphur, phosphorus, potassium, the micronutrients iron and manganese, and beneficial plant elements silicon, aluminum and sodium, which act as plant biostimulators.

[0155] In one of the implementation examples of the formulation and the preparation made from the formulation pursuant to the present invention, vermiculite is expanded vermiculite, which has a particle size in the particle diameter range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm and contains the following ingredients:

[0156] Ingredient Name Quantity in % by weight per 1 kg of dry weight of vermiculite

[0157] SiO2Silicon dioxide 40.64

[0158] MgO Magnesium oxide 23.61

[0159] Al2O3Aluminium oxide 11.22

[0160] H2O Water 13.08

[0161] Fe2O3Iron oxide 10.56

[0162] CaO Calcium oxide 2.97

[0163] TiO2Titanium oxide 0.94

[0164] P2O5 Phosphorus pentoxide 0.40

[0165]

[0166] Description

[0167] 23

[0168] K2O Potassium oxide 0.77

[0169] MnO Manganese oxide 0.12

[0170] Na2O Sodium oxide <0.05

[0171] SO3Sulphur oxide <0.30

[0172]

[0173] Humus earthworm or vermi-compost is the water carrier in the formulation pursuant to this invention. In one of the implementation examples of the formulation and the preparation made using said formulation pursuant to this invention, earthworm humus is the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus, where this compost is already been overgrown with the mycelium (a network of hyphae) of oyster mushrooms. This earthworm humus is selected from a group of humus consisting of the humus of Lumbricus rubellus earthworm and the humus of Eisenia fetida earthworm. In addition, earthworm humus in the formulation and the preparation prepared using the formulation pursuant to this invention is also an organic fertiliser with a low nutrient content, which has a high microbiological potential. Earthworm humus contains primary macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, secondary macronutrients calcium and magnesium, and carbon as the basic nutrient for plants. The microbiological potential within the meaning of this invention means that earthworm humus provides a medium for the growth of microorganisms, particularly for the growth of bacteria and fungi, which are beneficial for plants.

[0174] The collagen in the formulation pursuant to the present invention is a water carrier. One of the implementation examples of the formulation and of the preparations made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention uses collagen, which is made from leather residues and has a nitrogen content of 13% by weight of collagen or in the range from 12% to 16% by weight of nitrogen per total weight of collagen. Collagen consists of amino acids linked into peptides, which includeDescription

[0175] 24

[0176] glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. In some implementation examples pursuant to the present invention, collagen with a nitrogen content of 13% by weight which is mid- and highly hydrolyzed with short- and medium-term activity of 1 to 3 months is used. In addition, the collagen in the formulation and in the preparation pursuant to this invention also acts as an organic fertiliser due to its nitrogen content, and further also acts as a plant biostimulator, containing collagen hydrolysates and increasing the resistance of plants to abiotic stress.

[0177] In an alternative implementation example pursuant to the present invention, the following is used as the water carrier in the formulation instead of the aforemention water carriers:

[0178] - bat guano, which is an organic fertiliser from bat droppings and has a high phosphorus content;

[0179] - similar organic fertilisers that can be mixed with each other.

[0180] Bat guano is the water carrier used in the formulation. It is obtained from bat droppings and has a high phosphorus content, also containing nitrogen and potassium. In addition, bat guano is also an organic fertiliser containing nitrogen (N) at a concentration of 2% by weight to 5% by weight, phosphorus (P) at a concentration of 9% by weight to 13% by weight, and potassium (K) at a concentration of 1 % by weight to 2% by weight per weight of bat guano. When using a preparation made from a formulation with bat guano as a water carrier in a plant growth medium, bat guano is a source of primary macronutrients for the plant, namely phosphorus and lower proportions of nitrogen and potassium, and micronutrients, and in addition also contains beneficial microorganisms for plants.

[0181] Similar organic fertilisers used as a water carrier in the formulation in alternative implementations of the formulation pursuant to the present invention include, for example, treated biological paper sludge, compost, humus from vegetable and animal waste, bone meal, fish meal, and horn meal. Treated biological paper sludge has a high water absorption.Description

[0182] 25

[0183] When the water carrier in the formulation is selected from the group consisting of, inter alia: earthworm humus, collagen, bat guano, and treated paper biological sludge, said water carrier in the formulation and the preparation made from said formulation also acts as a source of plant nutrients which it contains, which thereby makes it an organic fertiliser.

[0184] Compared to the aforementioned water carrier, the water transfer medium in the formulation absorbs water to a smaller degree relative to its dry weight. The water transfer medium is selected from the group consisting of clay, bentonite and zeolite, and a combination of the two water transfer mediums listed herein.

[0185] The clay in the formulation pursuant to the present invention is a water transfer medium transferring water from the water carrier to a super water-absorbent polymer, which is the carrier of the formulation, and also acts as a binder for adhering the components of the formulation into granules or tablets in the preparation of the preparation from the formulation. In a preparation pursuant to the present invention made using the aforementioned formulation, whereby the preparation is used in a plant growth medium, clay retains water and moisture in the growth medium. In addition, clay in the growth medium also allows for a slower release of plant nutrients from the preparation, because it has a high cation exchange capacity (abbreviation: CEC) and therefore retains nutrients in the growth medium. In the formulation pursuant to the present invention, the clay used is crushed to a particle size in microns (pm), whereby the particle size is preferably in the particle diameter range of 5 μm to 300 μm.

[0186] In one of the implementation examples of the formulation and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention, clay containing the following ingredients in mg per litre of clay is used:

[0187] - calcium (Ca) < 31 mg / l,

[0188] - magnesium (Mg) < 13 mg / l,

[0189] - nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO3-N) < 14 mg / l,Description

[0190] 26

[0191] - chlorine (Cl) < 27 mg / l,

[0192] - sulphur (S) < 33 mg / l,

[0193] - phosphorus (P) < 7.8 mg / l,

[0194] - iron (Fe) 1.0 mg / l,

[0195] - manganese (Mn) < 0.09 mg / l,

[0196] - zinc (Zn) < 0.07 mg / l,

[0197] - boron (B) 0.11 mg / l,

[0198] - copper (Cu) < 0.07 mg / l, and

[0199] - molybdenum (Mo) < 0.10 mg / l.

[0200] The collagen in the formulation pursuant to the present invention is a water transfer medium. Bentonite is the mineral montmorillonite and is a bentonite clay. Montmorillonite is a layered silicate (phyllosilicate), which is a chemically hydrated sodium calcium aluminum magnesium silicate hydroxide with the formula (Na, Ca)o.33(AI, Mg)2(Si40io)(OH)2*nH20. In the preparation pursuant to the present invention prepared using the formulation, montmorillonite is also a source of secondary nutrients, such as magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), for plants. In addition, it is a source of useful elements, such as silicon (Si), aluminium (Al) and sodium (Na), for plants. The particle diameter size of bentonite clay is in the range of 20 pm to 300 pm. In one of the implementation examples of the formulation and the preparation pursuant to the present invention prepared using the formulation, montmorillonite is calcium montmorillonite. In further implementation examples of the formulation and of the preparation pursuant to the present invention prepared using the formulation, the bentonite used is produced by the Slovenian company Montana d.o.o.

[0201] In the preparation of the preparation prepared using the formulation, bentonite also functions as a binding agent used to bind ingredients into granules or tablets. In a preparation prepared using the formulation, when used in a growth medium, bentonite retains water and nutrients in the growth medium and increases the cationic conductivity of the growth medium and the exchange of cations.Description

[0202] 27

[0203] In some implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, the water transfer medium is zeolite. Zeolite is a porous aluminosilicate that is a clinoptilolite mineral. It contains the structure of interconnected spaces, helping it to absorb water and nutrients for plants, and then slowly release water and plant nutrients to be available for the roots of the plant. Due to the negative charge, it binds and contains cations of alkali metals, especially potassium, and binds ammonium compounds and slowly releases them into the growth medium. In addition, it also contains aluminum and silicon. It is crushed to a particle size of 300 pm in diameter.

[0204] When the zeolite in the preparation prepared using the formulation is used in the growth medium, it retains water and plant nutrients and slowly releases them so that water and plant nutrients are available to the root of the plant.

[0205] In specific alternative implementations of the invention, the water carrier in the formulation is clay (formulation in implementation examples 16 and 17) and the water transfer medium in the formulation is selected from the group consisting of bentonite (formulation in implementation example 17) and zeolite (formulation in the implementation example 16).

[0206] The formulation carrier pursuant to the present invention carries the components of the formulation and is mixed with them following the formulation preparation process as described in this description, in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture of formulation components. In the aforementioned formulation and in the preparation prepared using the aforementioned formulation pursuant to the present invention, the formulation carrier carries the other components of the formulation or preparation and provides a medium for the distribution of these components.Description

[0207] 28

[0208] The carrier of the formulation is a super water-absorbent polymer, which absorbs water in the presence of water, binds the water to itself in the spaces between the polymer chains, and forms a hydrogel together with water, which is why it is also called a hydrogel polymer. The super water-absorbent polymer, which is the carrier of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, is selected from the group consisting of a super water-absorbent polymer potassium polyacrylate and a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer lignosulfonate.

[0209] The super water-absorbent polymer which is also the carrier of the formulation is manufactured in the form of grains and granules of different sizes, where said grains or granules absorb water very quickly and become sticky upon entering into contact with water. By adding more water, these grains or granules of polymer absorb even more water and swell to form a hydrogel, and can bind water in the amount of a multiple of their dry polymer weight. This makes it difficult to transform such a hydrogel polymer into granules and tablets in the presence of water. Due to their ease of use and dosage, these forms of preparations in the form of granules and tablets are the most desirable forms for use in agriculture and horticulture (horticulture, fruit growing, viticulture, cultivation of ornamental plants and medicinal plants). A certain amount of water is indispensable in the technological process of granulating or tabletting the mixture of the components of the formulation into a preparation in the form of granules or tablets. This water present in the mixture of the formulation allows the granules of the polymer to stick together with other components of the formulation, such as fertilisers and biostimulators, when pressed and transformed into granules or tablets.

[0210] When the super water-absorbent polymer in the preparation made from said formulation pursuant to the present invention is used in the plant growth medium, it absorbs and binds water, forms a hydrogel and swells, thus retaining water in the growth medium and allowing the slow release of water at the roots of plants, allowing the passage of water molecules from its mesh hydrogel structure to the roots of plants, thereby supplying them with water and contributing, together with the passage of water, to the transition of nutrients from the preparation to the rootsDescription

[0211] 29

[0212] of plants. In this way, the hydrogel polymer acts as a water supply in the growth medium or soil, enabling the accessibility of water and the passage of this water to the roots of plants and, together with this water, the transfer of nutrients from the preparation to the roots of plants between two periods of rain or watering, as well as during the dry season. In addition, the aforementioned water-absorbent polymer in the preparation helps to loosen the growth medium or soil into which it is applied.

[0213] In some of the implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, a super water-absorbent polymer (potassium polyacrylate) is used as the formulation carrier. This hydrogel polymer, potassium polyacrylate, is a superabsorption polymer (abbreviation: SAP) with the following chemical formula: [-CH2-CH(CO2K)-]n, and is the potassium salt of polyacrylic acid.

[0214] In the presence of water, the polymer potassium polyacrylate absorbs water due to its chemical structure, because it consists of long chains of acrylate monomer, which are cross-linked to form a mesh structure with intermediate spaces between each chain. Each monomer in a potassium polyacrylate polymer contains a carboxyl group that is hydrophilic and which, in the presence of potassium ions, ionizes into a negatively charged carboxyl group to which the potassium cation binds. Due to its hydroph ily, each carboxyl group in the polymer attracts water molecules and binds them to itself through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions.

[0215] Upon contact with water, the polymer potassium polyacrylate binds water on its surface and into its structure due to its hydrophily and negative charge. When water is absorbed into the polymer, its polymer chains expand and water is further absorbed and bound into the spaces between the chains, which causes the polymer to swell and retain even more water in its structure. This is also further helped by potassium cations, which dissociate from the carboxyl groups of theDescription

[0216] 30

[0217] polymer in the presence of water, thus creating and increasing the osmotic pressure, which further increases the absorption of water into the polymer.

[0218] The cross-linking of the polymer allows the polymer to retain its structure during water absorption and swelling and does not dissolve in water, but forms a gel that becomes a hydrogel, due to water being used as a carrier medium. In the presence of water, the polymer potassium polyacrylate therefore forms a hydrogel and is classified as a hydrogel polymer. When drying a hydrogel of a polymer of potassium polyacrylate, water passes out of the hydrogel, causing this polymer to dry and shrink in volume.

[0219] The super water-absorbent polymer potassium polyacrylate is used in agriculture as a super-absorbent polymer (hereinafter also abbreviated as SAP) for the absorption and retention of water in the soil or in the growth medium, thus acting as a water supply for plants in the growth medium, especially during drought. This improves the availability of water for plants and the delivery of nutrients to the roots of plants. Potassium polyacrylate can absorb water in the amount of more than 500 times its dry weight, retain it in its mesh structure, and then gradually release it into its surroundings in drought conditions. When added to the growth medium, it improves the ability of the growth medium to retain water, while also improving the structure of the growth medium. It is best suited for being added into the soil in its arid and semi-arid areas.

[0220] A hydrogel of a potassium polyacrylate polymer in a preparation pursuant to the present invention, when the preparation is added in a growth medium (substrate) or soil for plants and where this hydrogel is formed in the presence of water, acts as an ion pump and pumps (or transports) cationic plant nutrients into the root of the plant in the growth medium. This is beneficial because most plant nutrients are found in cationic form, namely the primary macronutrient potassium, secondary macronutrients calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and micronutrients copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni). The potassium in potassium polyacrylate can act as a plant nutrient becauseDescription

[0221] 31

[0222] potassium is one of the three main plant macronutrients, in addition to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Hydrogel potassium polyacrylate thereby increases the absorption of cationic plant nutrients into the root of the plant from organic fertilisers and / or inorganic fertilisers contained in the preparation pursuant to the present invention.

[0223] As a polymer, potassium polyacrylate is more suitable for use in agriculture than sodium polyacrylate since, unlike the latter, it does not increase the salinisation of the soil or of the growth medium. The polymer potassium polacrilate is sold on the market in the form of powder or granules, which are dry and without water.

[0224] The polymer potassium polyacrylate is harmless to human health, unlike the first generation of synthetic polymers, including sodium acrylamide, which is a probable carcinogen for humans and animals and harms the nervous system of humans when they are exposed to it frequently or when they are exposed to large quantities.

[0225] In one of the implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, a super water-absorbent polymer (potassium polyacrylate) is used as the formulation carrier, which is not soluble in water and which is selected from the group consisting of:

[0226] - the polymer potassium polyacrylate, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight;

[0227] - the polymer potassium polyacrylate, which absorbs water in the amount of 100 times its dry weight;

[0228] - the polymer potassium polyacrylate, which absorbs water in the amount of 150 times its dry weight.

[0229] In other implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer lignosulfonate is used as the carrier of the formulation. This biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate is anDescription

[0230] 32

[0231] organic super water-absorbent polymer (SAP) that has an absorption capacity of 10 g to 15 g of water per 1 g of this polymer. It is a 100% organic soil improver, which is obtained from wood derivatives and from lignin. It is presented in the form of granules with a particle size from 0.5 mm to 4 mm in diameter for more than 90% of the particles of this polymer. This biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate is made from wood, namely from the by-products of the paper and wood pulp industries. It is used as a water storage medium in soil and in the plant growth medium, and does not contain any fertilisers or substances that would act as nutrients for plants or as phytosanitary agents. It has a pH of 4-9, which is stable and less susceptible to salts. It decomposes into humus in about 10 years. After 5 years of use in soil or in the growth medium, it still retains about 80% of its water absorption efficiency. This biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate absorbs water in the presence of water, binds it in its structure, and swells to form a hydrogel, thus retaining water. In this way, it absorbs water from its surroundings in the soil or in the growth medium, whereby said water comes from rainfall or from irrigation / watering of plants, stores it, and then slowly releases it into the environment in which the roots of the plants are located during periods of drought or heat.

[0232] The method of manufacturing said biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate is described by the published patent applications WO 2020 / 152314 (published on 30 July 2020) and US 2022 / 0195128 (published on 23 June 2022), the applicant of which is the Austrian university “Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien” in Vienna.

[0233] According to the method described, the produced lignosulfonate polymer presents further cross-linked connections of native lignosulfonate units, is insoluble in water, and is essentially made entirely of lignosulfonates and does not contain crosslinkers.

[0234] The described method of preparing such lignosulphonate polymers from a solution of lignosulphonate precursor, which is brown CSF, comprises:

[0235] - the process of filtration of brown CSF to remove fibers and particles of lignin with a filter with a pore diameter of about 5 pm, followed by the process of ultrafiltration of such filtered brown CSF to remove low-molecular weightDescription

[0236] 33

[0237] lignin and other impurities from the solution of said brown CSF, whereby the process of ultrafiltration is carried out with a membrane that retains particles with a molecular weight of 20 kDa, where the retained part of the solution represents a pure solution of the lignosulfonate precursor, where this solution is concentrated at a concentration of at least 5 wt. % or preferably at least 10 wt. % of the lignosulfonate precursor in the solution;

[0238] - adjusting the pH of the concentrated pure lignosulfonate precursor solution to pH 7, and adding the radical-forming enzyme to that solution, where that enzyme is either laccase, peroxidase or a mixture of both (this enzyme is obtained from microbiological cultures), where this enzyme catalyses the formation of radicals in organic compounds, mainly oxygen radicals, especially in phenolic hydroxyl groups and especially lignosulfonate radicals, and at the same time adding oxygen gas to this solution while stirring during the reaction time of 250 minutes to form a solution of the lignosulfonate precursor mixture with the enzyme and oxygen;

[0239] - resting the lignosulfonate precursor mixture solution with enzyme and oxygen to polymerize the lignosulfonate precursor, forming a gel-like substance or hydrogel comprising a lignosulfonate polymer and water from the solution of that mixture; and

[0240] - drying of the lignosulfonate polymer hydrogel obtained through this process whereby, for example, the hydrogel obtained through this process is divided into pieces of 20 g and dried for 12 hours at a temperature of 80°C in a drying oven.

[0241] These two patent applications state that lignosulfonates are sulphonated lignins and salts of lignosulfonic acid, where lignosulfonic acid is a water-soluble polymer consisting of monomeric units of coumaril alcohol, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, in which individual hydroxyl groups (-OH) are replaced by sulphonyl groups (-SO3-). Such lignosulphonates are a by-product of the sulphite process of cellulose production. Lignosulfonate solutions are a waste product of paper production and contain red and brown CSF. This brown CSF contains coarse components such as lignin fibers and lignin particles, as well as low-molecular-Description

[0242] 34

[0243] weight salts and organic compounds. The specified brown CSF is the starting raw material of the lignosulfonate precursor solution in the described method of preparation of lignosulfonate polymers.

[0244] A controlled transfer of water to a super water-absorbent polymer, which is either a potassium polyacrylate polymer or a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer lignosulfonate, is achieved using a water carrier and a water transfer medium pursuant to the formulation preparation procedure described herein. The controlled transfer of water to the super water-absorbent polymer in the formulation prevents the formation of hydrogel from this polymer when adding water to the formulation, thereby preventing the polymer from caking, since the water from the water carrier is first transferred to the water transfer medium and then the water is transferred from the mixture of the water carrier and the water transfer medium to the aforementioned super water-absorbent polymer. This ensures a uniform transfer of water to the super-water-absorbent polymer in the process of preparation of the formulation, namely to the particles / granules of this polymer. This water, however, is crucial in the formulation pursuant to the present invention in order to be able to produce a preparation in the form of tablets or granules through granulation in the formulation manufacturing process. This water allows the components of the formulation, including said polymer, to stick together under the action of a pressing force during the process of tabletting into tablets or during the process of granulating into granules.

[0245] In one of the implementation examples pursuant to the present invention (implementation example 1 and 2), the hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of tablets pursuant to the present invention, encompasses:

[0246] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 38% by weight to 80% by weight (hereinafter: % by weight) per total weight of the formulation;Description

[0247] 35

[0248] - said vermiculite as a water carrier in an amount of from 16% by weight to 56% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0249] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 4% by weight to 6% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0250] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 3 and 4), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:

[0251] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 80% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0252] - said earthworm humus as a water carrier in an amount of from 12.7% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0253] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 4% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0254] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 5 and 6), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:

[0255] - said polymer lignosulfonate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 60% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0256] - said collagen as a water carrier in an amount of from 10% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0257] - said bentonite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 3% by weight to 7% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0258] In the following implementation example, a formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation example 7), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:

[0259] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 30% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0260] - said earthworm humus as a water carrier in an amount of from 7% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; andDescription

[0261] 36

[0262] - said water transfer medium comprising a combination of clay and bentonite, comprising clay in an amount ranging from 2% by weight to 5% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, and bentonite in an amount ranging from 3% by weight to 5% by weight according to total weight of the formulation.

[0263] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 8 and 9), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:

[0264] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 10% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0265] - said earthworm humus as a water carrier in an amount of from 10% by weight to 30% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0266] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 2% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0267] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 10 and 11), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:

[0268] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0269] - said water transfer medium comprising a combination of collagen and bat guano, comprising collagen in an amount ranging from 20% by weight to 40% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, and bat guano in an amount ranging from 5% by weight to 20% by weight according to total weight of the formulation; and

[0270] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0271] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 12 and 13), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:Description

[0272] 37

[0273] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0274] - said collagen as a water carrier in an amount of from 20% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0275] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0276] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 14 and 15), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:

[0277] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0278] - said water transfer medium comprising a combination of earthworm humus and bat guano, comprising earthworm humus in an amount ranging from 20% by weight to 40% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, and bat guano in an amount ranging from 5% by weight to 20% by weight according to total weight of the formulation; and

[0279] - said zeolite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0280] In two specific implementation cases pursuant to the present invention, that is, in further implementation cases (implementation cases 16 and 17), the formulation pursuant to the present invention, from which the preparation is prepared in the form of tablets, comprises a water carrier, i.e. clay, and a water transfer medium, i.e. either bentonite (implementation case 17) or zeolite (implementation case 16).

[0281] In one of the specific implementation examples, a formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation example 16), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:

[0282] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 40% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;Description

[0283] 38

[0284] - said clay as a water carrier in an amount of from 9.3% by weight to 20.3% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0285] - said zeolite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 2% by weight to 7% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0286] In a second specific implementation example, a formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation example 17), from which said preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made, comprises:

[0287] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 30% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0288] - said clay as a water carrier in an amount of from 10% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0289] - said bentonite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0290] In implementation examples pursuant to the present invention for formulations from which preparations in the form of granules are made, for such formulations pursuant to the present invention, and for formulations made from these formulations in the form of granules, the process further includes a lubricant or talc separator, which is magnesium hydrogen metasilicate.

[0291] Each such formulation pursuant to the present invention for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules comprises a talc lubricant (magnesium hydrogen metasilicate) in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight of talc per total weight of the formulation, and the aforementioned formulation for the manufacture of granules comprises, for this added amount of talc, from 3% by weight to 5% by weight less of a water carrier, calculated from the total weight of the formulation. This means that the recipe for such a formulation for the production of granules ranges from 3 wt. % to 5 wt. % less of the water carrier, calculated from the total weight of the formulation, as is the recipe for such aDescription

[0292] 39

[0293] formulation for the production of tablets, namely it ranges by as much as wt. % less of the water carrier, as the volume of wt. % of the talc lubricant.

[0294] Said talc is mixed and added to the formulation for the preparation in the form of granules in a special step in the preparation in the form of granules from the prepared formulation, where the process of mixing the talc to the prepared formulation is carried out just before the granulation step in the preparation of the formulation for plants and the preparation for plants in the form of granules, and in this step of mixing the talc to the prepared formulation, a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc is made, which is then used for the preparation of a preparation for plants in the form of granules in the next step.

[0295] In one of the implementation examples pursuant to the present invention (implementation example 1 and 2), the hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of granules pursuant to the present invention, encompasses:

[0296] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 38% by weight to 80% by weight (hereinafter: % by weight) per total weight of the formulation;

[0297] - said vermiculite as the water carrier in an amount of 16% to 56% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;

[0298] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 4% by weight to 6% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0299] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0300] In this implementation example, the formulation for the preparation of granules encompasses the lubricant talc in the amount of 3% by weight of the entire weight of the formulation and the aforementioned vermiculite as the water carrier in the amount of 53% by weight of the entire weight of the formulation, if the highest amount of the water carrier vermiculite amounts to 56% by weight according to theDescription

[0301] 40

[0302] total weight of the formulation. In the following example, the formulation in the amount of 5% by weight of talc per total weight of the formulation contains the aforementioned vermiculite as the water carrier in the amount of 51% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0303] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 3 and 4), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:

[0304] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 80% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0305] - said earthworm humus as the water carrier in an amount of 12.7% to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;

[0306] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 4% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0307] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0308] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 5 and 6), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:

[0309] - said polymer lignosulfonate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 60% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0310] - said collagen as the water carrier in an amount of 10% to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;

[0311] - said bentonite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 3% by weight to 7% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0312] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.Description

[0313] 41

[0314] In the following implementation example, a formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation example 7), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:

[0315] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 30% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0316] - said earthworm humus as the water carrier in an amount of 7% to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;

[0317] - said water transfer medium comprising a combination of clay and bentonite, comprising clay in an amount ranging from 2% by weight to 5% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, and bentonite in an amount ranging from 3% by weight to 5% by weight according to total weight of the formulation; and

[0318] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0319] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 8 and 9), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:

[0320] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 10% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0321] - said earthworm humus as the water carrier in an amount of 10% to 30% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;

[0322] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 2% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0323] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0324] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 10 and 11), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:Description

[0325] 42

[0326] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0327] - said water transfer medium comprising a combination of collagen and bat guano, comprising collagen in an amount ranging from 20% by weight to 40% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, whereby this quantity is reduced by the quantity of added talc as the lubricant, and bat guano in an amount ranging from 5% by weight to 20% by weight according to total weight of the formulation;

[0328] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0329] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0330] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 12 and 13), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:

[0331] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0332] - said collagen as the water carrier in an amount of 20% to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;

[0333] - said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0334] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0335] In the following implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation examples 14 and 15), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:

[0336] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;Description

[0337] 43

[0338] - said water transfer medium comprising a combination of earthworm humus and bat guano, comprising earthworm humus in an amount ranging from 20% by weight to 40% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, whereby this quantity is reduced by the quantity of added talc as the lubricant, and bat guano in an amount ranging from 5% by weight to 20% by weight according to total weight of the formulation;

[0339] - said zeolite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0340] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0341] In two specific implementation cases pursuant to the present invention, that is, in further implementation cases (implementation cases 16 and 17), the formulation pursuant to the present invention, from which the preparation is prepared in the form of granules, comprises a water carrier, i.e. clay, and a water transfer medium, i.e. either bentonite (implementation case 17) or zeolite (implementation case 16).

[0342] In one specific implementation example, a formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation example 16), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:

[0343] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 40% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0344] - said clay as the water carrier in an amount of 9.3% to 20.3% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;

[0345] - said zeolite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 2% by weight to 7% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0346] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.Description

[0347] 44

[0348] In the second specific implementation example, a formulation pursuant to the present invention (implementation example 17), from which said preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises:

[0349] - said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 30% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation;

[0350] - said clay as the water carrier in an amount of 10% to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;

[0351] - said bentonite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and

[0352] - the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0353] Furthermore, the hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants pursuant to the present invention, from which the preparation for plants in the form of tablets or the preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises at least one other ingredient selected from the group consisting of:

[0354] - one or more plant fertilisers, and

[0355] - one or more plant biostimulators,

[0356] whereby said component, which is one or more fertilisers or one or more biostimulators or a combination of these, is mixed and added to said previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier.

[0357] In such implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules or for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of tablets, the formulation prepared pursuant to this process comprises either:

[0358] a) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and one fertiliser for plants;Description

[0359] 45

[0360] b) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and two fertilisers for plants;

[0361] c) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and three fertilisers for plants; d) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and several fertilisers for plants; e) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and one biostimulator for plants; f) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and two biostimulators for plants;

[0362] g) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and three biostimulators for plants; h) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and several biostimulators for plants; i) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one fertiliser for plants and one biostimulator for plants; or

[0363] j) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, several fertilisers for plants and several biostimulators for plants.

[0364] In further implementations of the invention, the hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and plant biostimulators pursuant to the present invention is adapted to the individual plant species and plant growth phase.

[0365] The elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are fundamental nutrients for plants, which are essential for the life of the plant, for its growth and development, and for the process of photosynthesis and respiration of the plant.

[0366] Plant fertiliser is a substance that contains one or more plant nutrients and is important for plant growth, where these plant nutrients are macronutrients andDescription

[0367] 46

[0368] micronutrients. Macronutrients for plants are primary macronutrients and secondary macronutrients. Primary and secondary macronutrients are needed by the plant for its growth in large quantities. Micronutrients are needed by the plant for its growth in smaller quantities than macronutrients.

[0369] The primary macronutrients are the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K); together, they are also called NPK nutrients, or fertilisers for plants.

[0370] Secondary macronutrients are the elements calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulphur (S).

[0371] Micronutrients for plants, also called trace minerals or trace elements, are the elements boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn).

[0372] In implementations of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, the formulation contains at least one or more plant fertilisers, where the plant fertiliser is selected from the group consisting of:

[0373] - at least one plant primary macronutrient or several primary macronutrients, where the primary macronutrient is selected from the group consisting of: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).

[0374] In implementations of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, the formulation further contains at least one or more plant fertilisers, where the plant fertiliser is selected from the group consisting of:

[0375] - at least one plant secondary macronutrient or several secondary macronutrients, where the secondary macronutrient is selected from the group consisting of: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulphur (S).Description

[0376] 47

[0377] In implementations of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, the formulation further contains at least one or more plant fertilisers, where the plant fertiliser is selected from the group consisting of:

[0378] - at least one plant micronutrient or several micronutrients, where the plant micronutrient is selected from the group consisting of: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn).

[0379] In one implementation pursuant to the present invention, said formulation pursuant to the present invention contains all of the aforementioned plant macronutrients, namely the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulphur (S), and at least one plant micronutrient, two plant micronutrients or more plant micronutrients, where the plant micronutrient is selected from the group consisting of: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn).

[0380] In such a implementation of the invention, the stated formulation pursuant to the present invention contains the listed plant macronutrients and micronutrients in the following amounts:

[0381] - from 1 % to 23% by weight of nitrogen (N) per total weight of the formulation; - from 1 % to 30% by weight of phosphorus (P) per total weight of the formulation;

[0382] - from 1 % to 30% by weight of potassium (K) per total weight of the formulation;

[0383] - from 1 % to 10% by weight of calcium (Ca) per total weight of the formulation; - from 1 % to 5% by weight of magnesium (Mg) per total weight of the formulation;

[0384] - from 1 % to 8% by weight of sulphur (S) per total weight of the formulation; - from 0.001 % to 2% by weight of one plant micronutrient or two micronutrients or more micronutrients per total weight of the formulation.Description

[0385] 48

[0386] The aforementioned one plant micronutrient or the aforementioned two micronutrients or the aforementioned more micronutrients are selected from the group consisting of: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn).

[0387] The total amount of one micronutrient, when the formulation pursuant to the present invention contains, in addition to all the aforementioned macronutrients, only one micronutrient, ranges from 0.001 % to 2% by weight of this micronutrient per total weight of the formulation.

[0388] When a formulation pursuant to the present invention contains two micronutrients in addition to all of the aforementioned macronutrients, the total amount of both micronutrients together is from 0.001 wt. % to 2 wt. % of both micronutrients together per total weight of the formulation.

[0389] Where a formulation pursuant to the present invention contains, in addition to all of the aforementioned macronutrients, several micronutrients in total, the total amount of the several micronutrients in total is from 0.001 wt. % to 2 wt. % of these several micronutrients in total per total weight of the formulation.

[0390] Organic fertilisers which are selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to: bat guano, guano, seaweed, seaweed extract, collagen, earthworm humus, treated paper biological sludge, compost, humus from vegetable and animal waste, bone meal, fish meal, fish emulsion, horn meal, blood meal, poultry feather meal, alfalfa flour, corn flour, cottonseed flour, soy flour, Neem cake and Neem powder from the fruits and seeds of the Azadirachta indica or Neem tree or trees, respectively (the so-called Neem cake and Neem powder), urea and mixtures of these, are used as the source of the aforementioned macronutrients and micronutrients.Description

[0391] 49

[0392] In one of the implementations of the formulation and the preparation prepared from the formulation pursuant to the present invention, an organic fertiliser selected from the group consisting of:

[0393] - earthworm humus, which is a compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus and which contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium;

[0394] - bat guano containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;

[0395] - collagen fertiliser or collagen, which has a high nitrogen content of 12.5% to 13% by weight of collagen;

[0396] - horn meal containing nitrogen of up to 12% by weight and phosphorus up to 2% by weight per weight of this meal;

[0397] - Neem cake, which is an organic fertiliser that contains the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in a ratio of 3:3:3 and some other nutrients, and is obtained as a by-product in the extraction of Neem oil from the seeds of the Neem tree (the Azadirachta indica tree);

[0398] - hydrolyzed poultry manure containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc; or

[0399] - a combination of these fertilisers are used as a source of fertilisers for plants.

[0400] The aforementioned earthworm humus is the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus, where this compost has already been overgrown with the mycelium (a network of hyphae) of oyster mushrooms. This compost contains aliphatic compounds, i.e. organic hydrocarbons without aromatic rings (cyclic hydrocarbons with unsaturated bonds), whereby these aliphatic hydrocarbons also contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and halogens. This oyster-growing compost also contains wheat and barley straw, as well as poultry manure, and is composted for 30 days and parboiled. In some implementationDescription

[0401] 50

[0402] examples pursuant to the present invention, said earthworm humus contains the following elements in % by weight per weight of said humus:

[0403] - nitrogen N 2.6% by weight,

[0404] - phosphorus P 0.3% by weight,

[0405] - potassium K 1.15% by weight,

[0406] - calcium Ca 5.8% by weight, and

[0407] - magnesium Mg 1.9% by weight; and

[0408] - has a ratio of carbon and nitrogen C: N of about 11.52: 1.

[0409] This earthworm humus contains primary macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, secondary macronutrients calcium and magnesium, and carbon as the basic nutrient for plants. This humus has a high microbiological potential. It is produced through the digestive tract of earthworms, which contains a lot of bacteria and certain enzymes secreted by these bacteria, whereby these bacteria and enzymes accelerate plant growth.

[0410] The microbiological potential within the meaning of this invention means that earthworm humus provides a medium for the growth of microorganisms, particularly for the growth of bacteria and fungi, which are beneficial for plants.

[0411] In addition to being an organic fertiliser, earthworm humus is also a carrier of water in the formulation in some formulations pursuant to the present invention, and therefore has a dual function.

[0412] Bat guano used in the formulation and in the preparation pursuant to the present invention is an organic fertiliser made using bat droppings, which has a high content of phosphorus and also contains nitrogen and potassium. This is an organic fertiliser containing nitrogen (N) at a concentration of 2% by weight to 5% by weight, phosphorus (P) at a concentration of 9% by weight to 13% by weight, and potassium (K) at a concentration of 1 % by weight to 2% by weight per weight of bat guano. This bat guano is a source of primary macronutrients for the plantDescription

[0413] 51

[0414] (phosphorus and lower shares of nitrogen and potassium) and micronutrients, and also contains beneficial microorganisms. In addition to being an organic fertiliser, bat guano is also a carrier of water in the formulation in some formulations pursuant to the present invention, and therefore has a dual function.

[0415] The collagen fertiliser in the formulation and in the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to this invention is collagen which has a nitrogen content of up to 13% by weight per weight of collagen or in the range from 12% to 16% w / w of nitrogen per total weight of collagen. In some implementation examples pursuant to the present invention, collagen with a nitrogen content from 12.5% to 13% by weight which is mid- and highly hydrolyzed with short- and medium-term activity of from 1 to 3 months and which is therefore a source of rapid and medium-term nitrogen is used. The aforementioned collagen is made of leather residues. Collagen consists of amino acids linked into peptides, whereby said amino acids include e.g. glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. In addition to acting as an organic fertiliser in the formulation and the preparation made from the formulation, the collagen fertiliser or collagen is, in some formulations pursuant to this invention, a carrier of water in the formulation, acting indirectly as a binding agent for the components of the formulation. In the preparation prepared using the formulation, it also acts as a biostimulator for plants, increasing their resistance to abiotic stress.

[0416] Hom meal used in the formulation and in the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention is an organic fertiliser obtained from the horns and hooves of equidae, containing nitrogen and a small proportion of potassium and phosphorus. It has a content of up to 12% by weight of nitrogen per weight of horn meal, with a long-term action of 2 to 4 months, and is therefore a long-lasting source of nitrogen for plants. This horn meal is obtained from cooked and ground horns and hooves of equidae. In addition to the function of an organic fertiliser, horn meal in the formulation pursuant to the present invention also has the function of an alternative water carrier.Description

[0417] 52

[0418] Inorganic fertilisers and mineral fertilisers selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to: NPK fertilisers, ammonium nitrate, diammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate (organic), potassium sulphate, elemental potassium, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, polysulphate (polyhalite, which is hydrated potassium, calcium and magnesium sulphate mineral), magnesium sulphate, potassium magnesium sulphate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium ammonium nitrate, crude phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate (ground limestone), calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime), calcium oxide (burnt powdered lime), zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, calcium chloride etc. are also used as synthetic nitrogen sources. In addition, the organic synthetic fertiliser methylene urea, which is a source of nitrogen, is also used as the source of the aforementioned macronutrients.

[0419] As a source of the aforementioned micronutrients, alternative implementations of the formulation and of the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention can also use fertilisers selected from the group including, but not limited to: iron chelate with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA), borax (sodium borate), copper chelate with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cu-EDTA), potassium chloride, manganese sulphate, sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, nickel sulphate, and zinc sulphate.

[0420] As a source of these macronutrients and micronutrients, fertilisers as known in the state of the art and as used for fertilizing plants and containing nutrients for plants are further used in alternative formulations of the formulation and of the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention.Description

[0421] 53

[0422] In one of the implementations of the formulation and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention, a controlled-release fertiliser for plants containing the primary nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), the secondary nutrient magnesium (Mg) and micronutrients or trace elements boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), produced under the trade name Osmocote® 5-6 by the Dutch company ICL Growing Solutions (Dead Sea Works Ltd. and Everris International B. V.), is used as a fertiliser. The following elements are present in Osmocote® 5-6 in weight percentages by weight of this product:

[0423] - nitrogen N 16% by weight (total nitrogen), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO 3) 7.2% by weight and ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4) 8.8% by weight;

[0424] - phosphorus P in the form of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 8% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide P₂O₅ 6% by weight and elemental phosphorus P 3.5% by weight, of which water-soluble phosphorus 2.6% by weight;

[0425] - potassium K in the form of potassium oxide (K2O) 12% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide K2O 12% by weight, and elemental potassium K 10% by weight, of which water-soluble potassium 10% by weight;

[0426] - magnesium Mg in the form of magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.2% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide MgO 0.6% by weight, and elemental magnesium Mg 1.3% by weight, of which water-soluble magnesium 0.3% by weight; - boron B 0.01 % by weight, of which water-soluble boron 0.01 % by weight; - copper Cu 0.015% by weight, of which water-soluble copper 0.015% by weight, of which copper EDTA (Cu-EDTA) 0.015% by weight;

[0427] - iron Fe 0.3% by weight, of which water-soluble iron Fe 0.3% by weight, of which iron EDTA (Fe-EDTA) 0.3% by weight;

[0428] - manganese Mn 0.05% by weight, of which water-soluble manganese 0.05% by weight, of which manganese EDTA (Mn-EDTA) 0.05% by weight;

[0429] - molybdenum Mo 0.01 % by weight, of which water-soluble molybdenum 0.01% by weight, and

[0430] - zinc Zn 0.012% by weight, of which water-soluble zinc 0.012% by weight, of which zinc EDTA (Zn-EDTA) 0.012% by weight.Description

[0431] 54

[0432] Osmocote® 5-6 allows controlled slow release of plant nutrients or fertilisers over a period of 5-6 months.

[0433] In further alternative implementations of the formulation and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention, any other fertiliser with controlled release of plant nutrients, which has different contents and different ratios of macronutrients and micronutrients for plants, where these contents of macronutrients and micronutrients and their ratios are adapted for individual plant species, can be used as a fertiliser.

[0434] In other implementations of the formulation and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention, a fertiliser for plants in the form of fine granules containing secondary nutrients magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S), and micronutrients or trace elements (minerals) which are boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), is used as a fertiliser. The following elements are present in this fertiliser in weight percentages by weight of this fertiliser:

[0435] - elemental magnesium Mg 8.4% by weight or magnesium oxide MgO 14% by weight;

[0436] - elemental sulphur S 16.9% by weight, of which water-soluble sulphur 16.9% by weight or sulphur trioxide SO₃ 42.2% by weight, of which water-soluble SO₃ 42.2% by weight;

[0437] - boron B 0.2% by weight;

[0438] - copper Cu 1 % by weight;

[0439] - iron Fe 15% by weight;

[0440] - manganese Mn 2.5% by weight;

[0441] - molybdenum Mo 0,04% by weight; and

[0442] - zinc Zn 1 % by weight.Description

[0443] 55

[0444] Furthermore, the hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants pursuant to the present invention, from which the preparation for plants in the form of tablets or the preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, comprises at least one or more biostimulators for plants.

[0445] A plant biostimulator or biostimulant or bioactivator within the meaning of the present invention is a substance or microorganism or algae, an extract of algae or a fungus, or parts thereof. Plant biostimulators stimulate plant nutrition processes and improve one or more of the characteristics of the plant and its rhizosphere, whereby these characteristics are nutrient utilization efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, nutrient availability in the soil (in the growth medium) or rhizosphere of the plant, and quality characteristics of the plant.

[0446] Plant biostimulants are, in short, substances that stimulate plant growth and are neither plant nutrients nor soil improvers or pesticides.

[0447] The rhizosphere is the narrower area of soil or of the growth medium around the roots of a plant that is directly affected by secretions (exudates) of the roots, and where soil (or growth medium), the plant with other plants and other creatures interact with each other. Other creatures in the rhizosphere include bacteria and other microorganisms, fungi, and nematodes (earthworms).

[0448] The growth medium or growth substrate is the medium in which the plant grows. In some implementations, this may be soil in which the plant grows.

[0449] A microorganism within the meaning of the present invention is a cellular or non-cellular entity, which also include lower fungi and viruses, which are capable of replicating and transmitting genetic material.

[0450] The specified plant biostimulator in the formulation pursuant to the present invention is selected from the group consisting of:Description

[0451] 56

[0452] - humic acids and fulvic acids;

[0453] - bacteria beneficial for plants;

[0454] - fungi beneficial for plants;

[0455] - seaweed and its extracts;

[0456] - chitosan;

[0457] - protein hydrolysates, amino acids, and mixtures of peptides; and

[0458] - inorganic compounds or elements selected from the group consisting of aluminium (Al), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co) and sodium (Na).

[0459] Humic acids, which act as a biostimulator for plants, are organic compounds formed by the decomposition of plants, animals and microorganisms and which are obtained by extraction from naturally decomposed organic matter (peat or volcanic soil), compost and vermicompost (earthworm -processed compost), or leonardite (an oxidative form of lignite). Humic acids are natural organic polymers with carboxylic groups. Humic acids, among other things, help to increase the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients in the plant through increased cationic exchange, to which carboxyl groups of humic acids contribute, and also increase the availability of phosphorus.

[0460] Fulvic acids, which act as a biostimulator for plants, are, similarly to humic acids, organic compounds formed by the degradation of plants, animals and microorganisms, and obtained by extraction, similarly to humic acids.

[0461] The humic acids used as a component of the formulation pursuant to the present invention which is also used for preparing the preparation using said formulation, are obtained through extraction from earthworm humus. In one of the implementations of the formulation and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention, humic acids are obtained by extraction from earthworm humus, which is compost that has been processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus, and is selected from the group ofDescription

[0462] 57

[0463] humus consisting of the humus of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus and the humus of the earthworm Eisenia fetida.

[0464] These humic acids are added to said formulation in an amount of 1 % by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0465] Humic acids from earthworm humus have an advantage over extracts from leonardites and algae, since their H / C (hydrogen / carbon) atomic ratio indicates a strong replacement of aromatic rings, which form the “nucleus” of the humic acid molecule, and well-developed aliphatic chains, which form the “periphery” of the humic acid molecule. Their nitrogen content corresponds to high values for peat humic acids. The atomic ratio of O / C is about 0.6, which means that about two carbon atoms make for one oxygen atom in the humic acid molecule. This indicates the high content of active acid groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl), amide and amino groups in the humic acid molecules. They are also preferred due to their functional composition, the content of carbohydrates and amino acids, the degree of oxidation and the degree of benzoid groups of humic and fulvic acids from earthworm humus.

[0466] Beneficial bacteria for plants that act as biostimulators for plants are bacteria that interact with the root of the plant and have an impact from the soil in the rhizosphere to the inside of the root cell. The roots of the plant can supply plant nutrients or increase the efficiency of the use of the nutrient in the plant, provoke the plant’s resistance to diseases, increase its tolerance to abiotic stress (the influence of non-living factors on the plant such as water, air, heat, light), or stimulate the growth of the plants with the compounds they produce. These bacteria include the bacteria of the genus Rhizobium, which mutually and endosymbiotically coexist with the plant by infecting (inoculating) the root of the legume and grow inside the roots of the legume, binding (fixing) nitrogen from the air and converting it into a more accessible form that the legume plant eventually uses for itself. Furthermore, these bacteria also include rhizospheric bacteria, theDescription

[0467] 58

[0468] so-called plant growth stimulating rhizobacteria that live and function in the rhizosphere.

[0469] Bacteria beneficial for plants, which act as a biostimulator for plants and which are used to prepare the formulation pursuant to this invention and the preparation made using the formulation, are selected from the group consisting of: genera of bacteria Bacillus sp., Azotobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Paenibacillus sp., Azospirillum sp. and Beijerinckia sp.

[0470] In the further implementation of the invention, the bacteria beneficial for plants are selected from the group consisting of the following types of bacteria: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium.

[0471] In further implementations of formulations and preparations pursuant to the present invention, these formulations and preparations contain bacteria beneficial for plants selected from the group consisting of bacteria that bind (fix) nitrogen and promote plant growth, which include the following bacteria:

[0472] - Paenibacillus polymyxa;

[0473] - Azotobacter vinelandii;

[0474] - Azospirillum brasilense;

[0475] - Beijerinckia indica;

[0476] - Pseudomonas putida;

[0477] - bacteria of the Bacillus genus, which include:

[0478] - Bacillus licheniformis;

[0479] - Bacillus megaterium;

[0480] - Bacillus pumilus;

[0481] - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; and

[0482] - Bacillus subtilis.Description

[0483] 59

[0484] Bacteria that bind (fix) nitrogen

[0485] Microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and archaea, which produce nitrogenase enzymes, carry out the biological nitrogen fixation process (abbreviation: BNF). Thanks to these enzymes, these microorganisms can use atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a form of nitrogen that is useful for plants and microorganisms.

[0486] Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of some plants form symbiotic connections with these plants. These bacteria are not unique in a particular genus, but very diverse. Nitrogen is an essential element that affects crop yields, thereby affecting the development of the leaf surface and the efficiency of plant photosynthesis. The use of chemical nitrogen fertilisers can improve soil fertility, thereby improving agricultural production. The use of large quantities of nitrogen fertilisers, however, can harm the quality of crops. When cultivating crops (plants for food, animal feed and for other economic purposes), the inclusion of nitrogen-binding microorganisms increases the use of nitrogen fertiliser in these plants through biological nitrogen fixation, while at the same time increasing the quality of the crop.

[0487] Paenibacillus polymyxa

[0488] Paenibacillus sp. are well-known rhizobacteria that promote plant growth (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; abbreviated and hereinafter referred to as “PGPR”). Paenibacillus sp. promote plant growth and protect plants against various phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and viruses using several mechanisms. The PGPR bacteria colonize plant roots, promote plant growth, and reduce the occurrence of diseases in cultivated plants. Therefore, they are useful as a sustainable alternative to agro-chemicals.

[0489] The Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria can affect plant growth by binding atmospheric nitrogen. They are adapted to a low-nutrient environment andDescription

[0490] 60

[0491] produce spores that allow bacteria to persist in the soil. Furthermore, these bacteria can produce antimicrobial compounds with beneficial effects on plant health. The Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria are useful for:

[0492] - improving the microbiome of the soil by encouraging the positive movement of bacteria in the soil;

[0493] - improving the characteristics of the crop, namely the biomass of the crop; - improving the absorption of nutrients, namely nitrogen by fixing nitrogen, phosphorus by producing organic acids with the help of enzymes, and iron by producing compounds of siderophores with bound iron;

[0494] - improving seed germination and leaf growth through the production of phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin;

[0495] - protecting plants against fungal pathogens through the secretion of antimicrobial compounds such as polymyxin, colistin and fusaricidin;

[0496] - improving plant resistance to abiotic stress by regulating abiotic stress genes in plants in which said stress is caused by drought, cold, or salt.

[0497] Azotobacter vinelandii

[0498] Azotobacter vinelandii is a nitrogen-binding bacterium which freely lives in soil. These bacteria use atmospheric nitrogen to metabolize the bacterial cell, where such nitrogen is later mineralized in the soil, thus providing the crops with a significant part of the nitrogen available in the soil. Azotobacter vinelandii binds nitrogen and increases nitrogen absorption in plants, releasing iron-binding siderophores and increasing iron absorption in plants. It is a plant growth stimulating rhizobacterium (PGPR), producing plant growth hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (abbreviation: IAA; a hormone of a type of auxins that regulate plant growth) and gibberellins. In addition, A. vinelandii increases the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress caused by drought and salinity. Since the A. vinelandii bacterium enters a dormant lifestyle under stressful conditions, it can survive in the soil long after inoculation. The Azotobacter vinelandii bacteria are useful for:Description

[0499] 61

[0500] - nitrogen binding in areas of the plant where the air content is high, i.e. in the rhizosphere and in the leaves of the plant, seeing as they bind from 15 kg to 60 kg of nitrogen / hectare per year;

[0501] - dissolving phosphorus (phosphate compounds in soil), i.e. of up to 45% of available phosphorus;

[0502] - producing iron-binding siderophores that increase iron absorption in plants; - producing antifungal metabolites such as azotobactin and hydroxybenzoic acid;

[0503] - producing hydrogen cyanide HCN, which inhibits the growth of certain pathogenic fungi, nematodes and insects;

[0504] - producing alginates, which prolong the life of plants by retaining water.

[0505] Azospirillum brasilense

[0506] Azospirillum brasilense is a free-living bacterium that binds atmospheric nitrogen (diazotroph) and can bind it in the presence of low oxygen levels, i.e. in the rhizosphere. This bacterium is very associated with the rhizosphere of grasses, and is suitable for growing cereals. A. brasilense has the ability of fixing nitrogen from 20 to 40 kg / ha. It can significantly improve leaf area and grain yield, e.g. in com, sorghum, pearl millet and sugarcane. In addition, A. brasilense also has positive effects on other crops. For soybeans, it can double or triple most agricultural traits, such as the weight of soy tubers, the dry weight of the plant, the weight of the seed, the weight of the pod, and the total nitrogen content, compared to conventional cultivation practices.

[0507] The Azospirillum brasilense bacteria are useful for:

[0508] - increasing the nutrition of plants by increasing the absorption of potassium K, sulphur S, iron Fe and manganese Mn;

[0509] - nitrogen binding under microaerophilic conditions (with low oxygen content, such as in roots and rice fields), where they can bind up to 35 kg of nitrogen per hectare in one cycle;Description

[0510] 62

[0511] - stimulating plant growth, seeing as they produce phytohormones such as indolacetic acid, auxins, gibberellin, cytokines and ethylene;

[0512] - increasing the tolerance of the plant to biotic stress since they activate plant immune response mechanisms by activating plant resistance genes; - increasing the tolerance of plants to drought and increasing the biomass of plants, since they have a biostimulative effect;

[0513] - possessing a biocontrol effect since they limit the availability of Fe iron for other soil bacteria when they form siderophores, binding iron to them, and stimulating the immune system of plants with specific metabolites.

[0514] Beijerinckia indica

[0515] Beijerinckia indica is a free-living nitrogen-binding bacterium that can live in soil with a low pH (3.0-10.0). This bacterium can survive in very poor soil or in soil with a high content of organic matter, low in nutrients. Thus, it can survive in soils with low phosphorus (P) availability, low calcium (Ca) content and high iron (Fe) concentration. The B. indica bacteria can bind nitrogen at a usual rate of around 10 to 13 mg of nitrogen (N) per gram of available carbon sources. In addition, it dissolves potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) from soil rocks, thereby increasing the availability of these nutrients for plants. B. indica promotes plant growth. The Beijerinckia indica bacteria are useful for:

[0516] - improving compost materials, since they improve the nitrogen content in organic substances due to the binding of nitrogen (N), and they also improve the availability of nutrients for plants by dissolving phosphorous (P) and potassium (K);

[0517] - increasing the absorption of nitrogen (N) in the leaves of certain trees; - improving earthworm compost in combination with certain fungi, where they can increase the absorption of nutrients in grapes under salinity conditions;

[0518] - improving difficult soils and substrates, since they can grow in soils with little or no calcium (Ca) and with a high content of iron (Fe) and aluminiumDescription

[0519] 63

[0520] (Al), and can improve the availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil (dissolving phosphorus from soil rocks).

[0521] Pseudomonas putida

[0522] Due to its adaptability, metabolic diversity and ability to interact with plants and the environment, the Pseudomonas putida is a valuable microorganism in many applications, from environmental cleaning to agriculture and biotechnology.

[0523] Particularly important is the role of Pseudomonas putida in sustainability, soil health, and bioremediation. It is a versatile microorganism with several valuable uses. It is known for its ability to degrade a broad range of organic pollutants. It is highly effective in bioremediation in contaminated environments, including soil and water.

[0524] This microorganism can improve soil health by increasing the circulation of nutrients and their availability, making it useful in agriculture. Pseudomonas putida can stimulate plant growth, improve root development, and improve nutrient absorption, leading to healthier plants and increased yields. It contributes to the circulation of nutrients by binding nitrogen and dissolving phosphorus, which reduces the need for chemical fertilisers. Pseudomonas putida can reduce the incidence of plant diseases by competing with pathogens or by inhibiting pathogens. It is resistant and can thrive in demanding environmental conditions, which is why it can be used for a variety of purposes. Due to its metabolic versatility, it is used in biotechnology for the production of bioplastics, biofuels, and enzymes.

[0525] The Bacillus genus

[0526] The species of the Bacillus genus, mostly those of the Bacillus subtilis group, form endospores, are rod-shaped and gram-positive bacteria living in the wild. In the last two decades, they have become crucial in the market for biological products and as biostimulants, biofertilisers, and biocontrol agents. The Federal Food andDescription

[0527] 64

[0528] Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States classifies them as Generally Recognized As Safe (abbreviation: GRAS). They are also referred to as plant probiotic bacteria because of their ability to:

[0529] - promote the systemic resistance of plants,

[0530] - efficiently functioning as niche colonizing bacteria, and

[0531] - acting directly against plant pathogens in the soil.

[0532] Depending on the conditions, their ability to survive in soil for several years and their occurrence in nature are additional advantages of the Bacillus bacteria. Within the group, they exhibit similar characteristics, which include:

[0533] - the ability to bind nitrogen by absorbing atmospheric nitrogen and converting it into a useful form for plants;

[0534] - plant growth promoting (abbreviation: PGP) by producing analogues of phytohormones, such as auxins, which have a positive effect on the agronomic properties of plants, such as biomass, protein and carbohydrate content, length of leaves, shoots and roots, and other properties;

[0535] - increasing the availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere by dissolving minerals and degrading molecules in the soil; and

[0536] - causing a biostimulative effect, by increasing the tolerance of plants to adverse abiotic conditions.

[0537] In addition, Bacillus spp. produce metabolites that act against pathogens in plants (fungi / bacteria). Formulations with bacteria of the genus Bacillus are applied directly to the roots of plants by irrigation, to seeds by coating, or to leaves by spraying, which shows their adaptability when used in agriculture.

[0538] Bacillus licheniformis

[0539] Bacillus licheniformis is a bacterium that forms endospores and produces enzymes to break down lignin. In addition, it is also used in the treatment of waste and slurry.Description

[0540] 65

[0541] Some strains produce siderophores, which increase the absorption of iron in plants. Other strains of Bacillus licheniformis can produce cytokinin which, for example, increases cell division and chlorophyll content in cucumbers, and increases the fresh weight and size of cotyledons (seedlings). Other strains can produce gibberellins which can, for example, prevent dwarfism in the alder tree.

[0542] Bacillus megaterium

[0543] Bacillus megaterium can be used as a biofertiliser since it binds (fixes) phosphates and potassium. This bacterium is effective in breaking down organic phosphorus in soil. It can move soil bacteria, thereby contributing to reducing soil pathogens. It promotes the systemic resistance of the plant through natural processes in plant tissues, in order to increase resistance to plant pathogens. It also produces the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (abbreviation: IAA, an auxin-type hormone), which can improve plant growth. This bacterium can contribute to increasing fruit yields and mineral content in crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers.

[0544] Bacillus pumilus

[0545] Bacillus pumilus of the genus Bacillus, which binds nitrogen due to the presence of the enzyme nitrogenase, also stimulates plant growth and protects plants from plant pathogens. As a plant growth stimulator, it produces several phytohormones, such as gibberelins and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and also produces siderophores and phosphate dissolving compounds. Additionally, it can also produce the enzyme ACC deaminase (i.e. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase; abbreviation: ACC), which contributes to the reduction of ethylene levels in plants by degrading said amino acid ACC.

[0546] Bacillus pumilus is used in rice cultivation to increase root length, root area, number of knots, root tips and forks (root branches), and the chlorophyll content in the leaves. Additionally, it can also promote the growth of rice and maize plants under conditions of salinity stress. It is also used in the cultivation of legumes,Description

[0547] 66

[0548] wheat, tomatoes, and trees. Concurrent inoculation with Bacillus pumilus, with Pseudomonas and Arthrobacter sp. bacteria in wheat, and with the Bacillus subtilis bacterium in amaranth and sugarcane was known to increase the protein and sugar content of these plants. Concomitant inoculation with Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis and with mycorrhizal fungi in pine seedlings improved the survival rate of seedlings.

[0549] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

[0550] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a useful biofertiliser and biocontrol agent in agriculture, which is also used to stimulate plant growth. It improves the availability of nutrients in the soil due to nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium dissolution, and the production of siderophores, which increase the availability of iron for plants. It produces phytohormones, such as indolacetic acid (IAA), as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which affect the growth of plant cells.

[0551] The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increases the resistance of plants to biotic stresses of pathogens by altering soil microflora, which benefits microorganisms that stimulate the growth of plants near the rhizosphere, and by promoting the systemic resistance of plants. It also increases the resistance of plants to abiotic stress, by stimulating chemical and physical changes in plants.

[0552] Bacillus subtilis

[0553] Bacillus subtilis has the ability to interact with a wide range of plants, in which it acts as a biofertiliser and as a biostimulator. It fixes nitrogen, dissolves phosphorus, and produces siderophores to increase iron availability. This contributes to increasing the availability of plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron. The Bacillus subtilis produces enzymes that regulate plant pathogen populations in the rhizosphere. It produces compounds homologous to phytohormones, and promotes the production of metabolites in plants. It produces secondary metabolites that protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses,Description

[0554] 67

[0555] similar to other Bacillus species. Bacillus subtilis produces extracellular compounds that bind to soil particles, thereby contributing to the improvement of soil structure. In addition, it also produces enzymes that improve soil structure and urease activity in the soil.

[0556] In one of the implementations of the formulation and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation pursuant to the present invention consist of said bacterium in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is in the form of a powder. In the specified bacterial concentrate in the form of powder, bacteria are encapsulated in a clay envelope in order to avoid the reaction of fertilisers with bacteria, since fertilisers inhibit and prevent the development of bacteria when bacteria are in direct contact with fertilisers. Such a bacterial concentrate in powder form contains 1 billion (109) CFUs of bacteria in 1 gram of bacterial concentrate, i.e. 1 billion colony-forming units of bacteria per 1 g of bacterial concentrate (CFUs).

[0557] In implementation examples of the formulation and of the preparation made using said formulation pursuant to the present invention in the form of tablets, the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation pursuant to the present invention contain the aforementioned bacteria in the form of a bacterial concentrate, where such a bacterial concentrate in the form of powder is added to said formulation for the manufacture of a tablet formulation in an amount of 0.03% by weight to 0.1 % by weight per total weight of the formulation. 100 g of such tablet formulation therefore contains from 0.03 g to 0.1 g of said bacterial concentrate, which is from 30 million CFU to 100 million CFU of bacteria, and 1 g of such formulation therefore contains from 300,000 CFU to 1 million CFU of bacteria.

[0558] In implementation examples of the formulation and of the preparation made using said formulation pursuant to the present invention in the form of granules, theDescription

[0559] 68

[0560] formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation pursuant to the present invention contain the aforementioned bacteria in the form of a bacterial concentrate, where such a bacterial concentrate in the form of powder is added to said formulation for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules in an amount of 0.005% by weight to 0.5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0561] 100 g of such granule formulation therefore contains from 0.005 g to 0.5 g of said bacterial concentrate, which is from 5 million CFU to 500 million CFU of bacteria, and 1 g of such formulation therefore contains from 50,000 CFU to 5 million CFU of bacteria.

[0562] The specified bacterial concentrate is added to the previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier through stirring.

[0563] In the implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, which is used to prepare the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, said formulation and said prepared preparation contain said bacterial concentrate, whereby said concentrate consists of a combination of at least two or more species of bacteria beneficial for plants, where these species of bacteria are selected from the group consisting of:

[0564] Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter

[0565] chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium.

[0566] In a further implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention in the form of granules or in the form of tablets contains the aforementioned bacterial concentrate, whereby said concentrate consists of a combination of all species of bacteria beneficial for plants, i.e. the combination of Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter

[0567] chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, BacillusDescription

[0568] 69

[0569] licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium.

[0570] In a further implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention in the form of granules or in the form of tablets contains said bacterial concentrate, which consists of a combination of at least two or more bacteria beneficial for plants, whereby those types of bacteria are selected from the group consisting of: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida.

[0571] In a further implementation example, the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention in the form of granules or in the form of tablets contains the aforementioned bacterial concentrate, whereby said concentrate consists of a combination of all species of bacteria beneficial for plants, i.e. the combination of Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida.

[0572] Fungi beneficial for plants that act as a biostimulator for plants act differently on the roots of plants, most of them in mutual symbiosis with the plant. Mycorrhizal fungi, for example, establish a symbiosis (coexistence) called mycorrhiza with more than 90% of all plant species. Arbuscule-forming mycorrhizal fungi or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (abbreviation: AMF or AM) are endomycorrhizal fungi that penetrate the root cells of the plant with their hyphae and grow their hyphae into the root cells of the plant (agricultural or horticultural plants), forming branched hyphae structures called arbuscules within the root cells. Mycorrhizal fungi, through their hyphal roots, supply the plant with water, plant nutrients, macronutrients, and micronutrients, and increase the plant’s tolerance to bioticDescription

[0573] 70

[0574] stress (stress due to the action of other plants, animals, microorganisms and creatures on the plant) and abiotic stress.

[0575] Fungi beneficial for plants which act as a biostimulator for plants and which are used to prepare the formulation pursuant to this invention and the preparation made using the formulation are selected from the group consisting of:

[0576] - endomycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., Scutellospora sp., Acaulospora sp., Sclerocystis sp. and Entrophospora sp., which are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;

[0577] - endomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizoglomus irregulare, Funneliformis geosporum, Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium;

[0578] - ectomycorrhizal fungi Amanita muscaria, Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Hortiboletus rubellus and Pisolithus tinctoriuis; and

[0579] - genus of Trichoderma sp. funghi.

[0580] The aforementioned mycorrhizal fungi, through their hyphal roots, supply the plant with water, plant nutrients, macronutrients, and micronutrients, and increase the plant’s tolerance to biotic stress (stress due to the action of other plants, animals, microorganisms and creatures on the plant) and abiotic stress. Endomycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic connections with plants.

[0581] Endomycorrhizal fungi supply water and plant nutrients and other substances to plants within the root cells of the plant. Ectomycorrhizal fungi supply water and plant nutrients and other substances to plants in the proximity of the roots of the plant and outside of the root cells of the plant.

[0582] Mycorrhizal fungi are added to the formulation pursuant to the present invention in the form of fungal propagulates. Propagates of mycorrhizal fungi within the meaning of this invention include viable fungal spores, fungal hyphae and vesiclesDescription

[0583] 71

[0584] of fungi, snippets of hyphae of fungi and pieces of roots of the guest plant with hyphae of fungi, whereby the guest plant is the plant on or in which mycorrhizal fungi are grown and on or in which hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi are ingrown. Live or viable spores and hyphae of the mycorrhizal fungi are important for the most successful growth of the mycorrhizal fungus in the root of the host plant.

[0585] In one of the implementation examples of the formulation and of the preparation made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, the formulation pursuant to the present invention comprises said mycorrhizal fungus in the form of a concentrate of mycorrhizal fungi, which is in the form of granules of mycorrhizal fungi, whereby these granules comprise clay granules and viable propagulates and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, whereby these propagulates and vesicles are viable and these are clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, whereby clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain 36 propagulates of mycorrhizal fungi per 1 gram of the aforementioned clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi or 36,000 propagulates of mycorrhizal fungi per 1 kg of the aforementioned clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi. In the aforementioned clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal propagulates and vesicles are encapsulated in a clay envelope in order to avoid the reaction of mycorrhizal propagulates and vesicles with fertilisers in the formulation, since fertilisers inhibit and prevent the development of mycorrhizal propagulates and vesicles in the hyphae of fungi when these propagulates and vesicles of fungi are in direct contact with fertilisers. These clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi comprise 60% clay by weight per total weight of clay granules, as well as 25% bentonite and 15% zeolite by weight per total weight of clay granules.

[0586] These clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi are added to said formulation in an amount of 1 % by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0587] In 100 g of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, 1 % by weight of mycorrhizal fungi granules contains 1 g of mycorrhizal fungi granules, comprising 36 viable mycorrhizal fungi propagulates. 5% by weight of mycorrhizal fungiDescription

[0588] 72

[0589] granules in 100 g of the formulation pursuant to the present invention thereby contains 5 g of mycorrhizal fungi granules, i.e. 180 viable mycorrhizal fungi propagulates.

[0590] The aforementioned clay granules are added to the previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier through stirring.

[0591] In some implementations of the formulations pursuant to the present invention and the preparations made using the formulations pursuant to the present invention which are used for ornamental annuals, perennials, shrubs, vegetable seedlings and, partially, fruit and ornamental trees, endomycorrhizal fungi selected from the group consisting of the endomycorrhizal fungi Rhizoglomus irregulare, Funneliformis geosporum and Funneliformis mosseae are used to prepare these formulations.

[0592] In other implementations of the formulations pursuant to the present invention and the preparations made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention used for woody shrubs and forest and fruit trees, ectomycorrhizal fungi selected from the group consisting of Amanita muscaria, Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Hortiboletus rubellus and Pisolithus tinctoriuis are used for the preparation of these formulations.

[0593] When the preparation pursuant to the present invention in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, made using the formulation pursuant to the present invention, is applied to the growth medium or soil for plants and comes into contact with the root of the plant and with water in the growth medium, the propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi grow into shoots of fungi hyphae or hyphae of fungi grow from spores of fungi, and these hyphae grow around the root of the plant, reaching the root of the plant and, in the case of endomycorrhizal fungi, hyphae of fungi grow into the root of the plant, that is, into the cells of the root of the plant, and further grow in the cells of the root of the plant. In doing so, the hyphae ofDescription

[0594] 73

[0595] fungi draw water from the root environment and transfer it to the root cells of the plant, while also transferring nutrients for plants from the formulation pursuant to the present invention to the root cells with water. Hyphae of endomycorrhizal fungi, however, draw sugar from the root cells of the plant, which is produced by the plant during photosynthesis and transported to its root.

[0596] In the case of ectomycorrhizal fungi from the aforementioned propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, shoots of fungi hyphae grow or hyphae of fungi grow from spores of fungi, whereby these hyphae grow around the root of the plant, reaching the root of the plant. In doing so, the hyphae of fungi draw water from the root environment and transfer it to the root of the plant, while also transferring nutrients for plants from the formulation pursuant to the present invention to the root of the plant.

[0597] The fungi of the genus Trichoderma sp. stimulate plant growth, improve the utilization of nutrients in plants, and inhibit the development of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil / growth medium, and thereby promote plant resistance to diseases.

[0598] Seaweeds and their extracts, which act as a biostimulator for plants and are beneficial for plants, are mostly brown algae, such as the genera Ascophyllum, Fucus and Laminaria. They are particularly useful for their polysaccharides which form a gel in the presence of water, retaining water in the growth medium and contributing to the ventilation of the soil and the delivery of macronutrients and micronutrients to the roots of the plant. Polyanionic groups contribute to the binding and exchange of cations. At the same time, these seaweed extracts have an anti-stress effect on plants. Alginates, which are an extract of brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum, act as a biostimulator for plants, are also a soil improver, and bind and retain water.Description

[0599] 74

[0600] In some implementations of the formulations and preparations pursuant to the present invention, alginate, which is an extract of brown algae of Ascophyllum nodosum, is used. This alginate is a sodium alginate that contains polysaccharides and amino acids and acts as a biostimulator for plants, increasing the resistance of plants to stress. In the growth medium, the polysaccharides of the alginate absorb water and form a hydrogel in the presence of water. This is why sodium alginate is classified as a super-absorbent polymer. In its structure, it binds water and retains it so that it is available to the roots of plants during the dry season. In addition, sodium alginate in the growth medium contributes to the slow release of nutrients and improves the structure of the growth medium.

[0601] The aforementioned alginate is added to the aforementioned formulation in an amount of from 5% to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0602] Chitosan acts as a biostimulator for plants and is a linear polysaccharide, namely a polysaccharide from D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is obtained from chitinous shells (exoskeletons) of shrimp, lobster and other crustaceans and fungal cell walls using treatment with an alkaline compound. In some implementations of the formulations and preparations pursuant to the present invention, the chitosan used is obtained from the shell of crustaceans and molluscs. The aforementioned chitosan is added to the aforementioned formulation in an amount of from 0.05% to 1 % by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0603] When used in a plant growth medium, chitosan acts in the preparation made using this formulation as a biostimulator or bioactivator, to promote plant root growth and increase plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, while also possessing antimicrobial properties, as it inhibits the growth of various plant pathogens.

[0604] Chitosan promotes plant tolerance to abiotic stress and contributes to the protection of the plant against pathogenic fungi. In the article “Chitosan as a potential natural compound to manage plant diseases” (Saberi Riseh, R., Hassanisaadi, M., Vatankhah, M., Abdani Babaki, S., Barka, E. A., 2022,Description

[0605] 75

[0606] International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 220, 998-1009), authors Saberi Riseh et al. state that chitosan decreases the amount of plant diseases through two main mechanisms, namely through direct antimicrobial function against pathogens (e.g. deposition on the surface of microbes) and by triggering a plant defence response that involves the activation of plant cells after binding chitosan to receptors on the cell surface, which offers great potential in the fight against phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. Saberi Riseh et al. state that chitosan with a higher degree of deacetylation, when obtained from chitin by deacetylation, has better biological properties. For example, plant crops grown in soil with chitosan added were more resistant to diseases before and after harvest.

[0607] Therefore, chitosan is known as a plant defense activator, which works by triggering various physiological and morphological responses in the plant that stimulate the natural defense mechanism of the plant, thereby stimulating the immunity of the plant against pathogens. In doing so, it contributes to reducing the amount of plant protection products needed to protect crops.

[0608] Protein hydrolysates, including amino acids and peptide mixtures (proteins from two or up to 1000 amino acids), act as biostimulators for plants. They are produced through the chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins, which are a by-product of plant crop residues or animal waste (e.g. collagen and epithelial tissues). In his article “Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation” (du Jardin, P., 2015. Scientia Horticulturae 196, 3-14), the author Patrick du Jardin states that amino acids and peptides can also be obtained by chemical synthesis and that these also include non-protein amino acids. Du Jardin states, for example, that glycine betaine is known for its anti-stress effect on plants, while protein hydrolysates in the soil increase the biomass of microorganisms, ventilation and soil fertility, while some amino acids and peptides acting as chelates bind to metal ions and thus contribute to the availability of nutrients for plant roots.Description

[0609] 76

[0610] In some implementations of the formulation and preparation pursuant to the present invention in the form of granules or in the form of tablets which are made using the aforementioned formulation, the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation pursuant to the present invention comprise amino acids selected from the group consisting of amino acids of vegetable origin, amino acids derived from soybeans, and amino acids derived from animal by-products of slaughterhouse residues of collagens and bellies. These amino acids are further selected from the group consisting of: arginine, asparagine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, methionine, tryptophan, proline, glutamine, lysine, cysteine, histidine, valine, alanine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine.

[0611] The aforementioned amino acids are added to the aforementioned formulation in an amount of from 0.5% to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0612] These amino acids in the preparation provide an additional source of nitrogen as a primary macronutrient and act as a biostimulator, stimulating plant nutrition processes and improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and nutrient availability in the growth medium or soil or in the rhizosphere of plants. In addition, amino acids improve the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stress. At the same time, amino acids act as a chelating agent and bind metal cations to the complex or chelate, which are more easily transferred to the root of the plant by being bound to the amino acid.

[0613] Some inorganic compounds and elements act as a plant biostimulator and stimulate plant growth, improving the quality of plants and their tolerance to abiotic stress. They are therefore classified as plant biostimulators, as stated by du Jardin in the aforementioned article. These are inorganic salts of chemical elements, which are aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), sodium (Na), selenium (Se) and silicon (Si), and non-water soluble forms of amorphous silicates. These elements are useful for certain types of plants, but not for all of them. In some implementation examples of the formulations and preparations pursuant to the present invention, vermiculite,Description

[0614] 77

[0615] which functions as a water carrier in the formulation, is used as a source of aluminium, silicon and sodium elements, and in other implementation examples of the formulations and preparations pursuant to the present invention, bentonite, which functions as a water transfer medium in the formulation, is used as a source of aluminium, silicon and sodium elements. Similarly, in special implementations of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, the source of the elements aluminium, silicon and sodium is zeolite (mineral clinoptilolite), which has the function of the water transfer medium in the formulation.

[0616] In further implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention and a preparation pursuant to the present invention made from the aforementioned formulation, the formulation pursuant to the present invention further comprises, as appropriate, at least one other ingredient selected from the group consisting of:

[0617] - magnesium stearate lubricant, and

[0618] - biochar,

[0619] whereby said component, which is the magnesium stearate lubricant or biochar or a combination of these, is mixed and added to said previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier.

[0620] In some implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation made using said formulation further comprises a lubricant or separator, which is magnesium stearate. This magnesium stearate lubricant acts as a lubricant or separator.

[0621] In the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets from the formulation, magnesium stearate prevents the formulation and tablets from sticking to the working or contact surfaces of the used tablet press, where the working or contact surfaces of the tablet press are the surfaces (e.g. the contact surfaces of theDescription

[0622] 78

[0623] matrix plate and tablet seal) that come into contact with the prepared formulation and its ingredients during tabletting, and that also come into contact with the surfaces of the shaped and then manufactured tablet. During tabletting, the contact surfaces of the tablet can become humid since, when pressing the prepared formulation into the tablet in the tablet press, water from the prepared formulation is squeezed out of this formulation and the tablet.

[0624] Similarly, magnesium stearate in the manufacture of the preparation in the form of granules from the formulation, including talc that is used as a further lubricant, prevents the formulation and granules from sticking to the working or contact surfaces of the used granulator, where the working or contact surfaces of the granulator are the surfaces (e.g. the contact surfaces of the filling funnel and of the rotating cylinders of the granulator) that come into contact with the prepared formulation and its ingredients during granulation, and that also come into contact with the surfaces of the shaped and then manufactured granules. During granulation, the aforementioned contact surfaces of the granulator can also become humid since, when pressing the prepared formulation (including talc that is used as a further lubricant) into granules in the granulator, water from the prepared formulation is squeezed out of this formulation and the granules.

[0625] Magnesium stearate is added to the formulation in an amount of 0.25% to 0.75% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0626] The aforementioned magnesium stearate lubricant is mixed and added to the formulation for the manufacture of tablets or to the formulation for the manufacture of granules pursuant to the present invention in a special step in the preparation of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, which is a step of mixing the other components of the formulation, in which the other components of the formulation are mixed and added to the previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier. Other listed components of the formulation that are mixed together with magnesium stearate include, for example, one fertiliser or several fertilisers forDescription

[0627] 79

[0628] plants and / or one biostimulator for plants or several biostimulators for plants and, if necessary, biochar or a combination of these.

[0629] In addition, magnesium from magnesium stearate functions as a secondary macronutrient for plants in the manufactured preparation in the form of tablets or the manufactured preparation in the form of granules used in a plant growth medium.

[0630] In such implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules or for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of tablets, the formulation prepared pursuant to this process which also includes magnesium stearate lubricant comprises either:

[0631] a) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and magnesium stearate lubricant;

[0632] b) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar;

[0633] c) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants and magnesium stearate lubricant;

[0634] d) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several biostimulators for plants and magnesium stearate lubricant;

[0635] e) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, one or several biostimulators for plants and magnesium stearate lubricant; f) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar;Description

[0636] 80

[0637] g) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several biostimulators for plants, magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar; or

[0638] h) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, one or several biostimulators for plants, magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar.

[0639] In some implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the preparation pursuant to the present invention, which is made using the present formulation, said formulation pursuant to the present invention also comprises biochar. This biochar is derived from biomass and contains carbon. In the preparation pursuant to the present invention used in a plant growth medium, biochar increases fertility, improves the structure of the growth medium and soil, and is a source of carbon. In addition, biochar provides a microenvironment for mycorrhizal fungi, for other fungi beneficial for plants and for microorganisms, especially for bacteria that are beneficial for plants, and improves the capacity of the growth medium for mycorrhizal fungi and other fungi beneficial for plants and microorganisms. Therefore, biochar has a microbiological potential since it provides a medium for the growth of microorganisms, particularly for the growth of bacteria and fungi, which are beneficial for plants. Biochar binds water and plant nutrients and retains them in the growth medium.

[0640] The aforementioned biochar is added to the formulation in an amount of 3% to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

[0641] The aforementioned biochar is mixed and added to the formulation for the manufacture of tablets or to the formulation for the manufacture of granules pursuant to the present invention in a special step in the preparation of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, which is a step of mixing the other components of the formulation, in which the other components of the formulationDescription

[0642] 81

[0643] are mixed and added to the previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier. Other listed components of the formulation that are mixed together with biochar include, for example, one fertiliser or several fertilisers for plants and / or one biostimulator for plants and / or, if necessary, magnesium stearate lubricant or a combination of these.

[0644] In such implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules or for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of tablets, the formulation prepared pursuant to this process which also includes biochar comprises either:

[0645] a) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and biochar;

[0646] b) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar;

[0647] c) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants and biochar;

[0648] d) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several biostimulators for plants and biochar;

[0649] e) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, one or several biostimulators for plants and biochar;

[0650] f) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar;

[0651] g) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several biostimulators for plants, magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar; orDescription

[0652] 82

[0653] h) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, one or several biostimulators for plants, magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar.

[0654] In the implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention, which is used to make the preparation in the form of granules, the formulation pursuant to the present invention and the formulation made using this formulation further comprises a lubricant or separator, which is talc,

[0655] i.e. magnesium hydrogen metasilicate.

[0656] The formulation pursuant to the present invention for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules comprises of 3% to 5% by weight of talc per total weight of the formulation, whereby the aforementioned formulation for the preparation of granules comprises, for such an added quantity of talc, of 3% to 5% by weight less of the water carrier, calculated per total weight of the formulation. This means that the recipe for such a formulation for the production of granules ranges from 3 wt. % to 5 wt. % less of the water carrier, calculated from the total weight of the formulation, as is the recipe for such a formulation for the production of tablets, namely it ranges by as much as wt. % less of the water carrier, as the volume of wt. % of the talc lubricant.

[0657] For example, in a formulation that, according to the recipe, comprises 56% by weight of the water carrier per total weight of the formulation from which the preparation in the form of tablets is made, the formulation for granules (from which the preparation in the form of granules is made) comprises a water carrier in the range of 51 % by weight to 53% by weight of the water carrier per total weight of the formulation, which is 5% to 3% by weight less of the water carrier than the quantity included in the formulation for tablets. In addition, the formulation for granules at 51 % by weight of the water carrier comprises additional 5% by weight of talc per total weight of the formulation, while the formulation for granules at 53%Description

[0658] 83

[0659] by weight of the water carrier comprises additional 3% of talc per total weight of the formulation. The formulation recipes for the manufacture of tablets do not consist of and do not include talc.

[0660] The aforementioned talc is mixed and added to the formulation for the preparation in the form of granules in a special step in the preparation in the form of granules from the prepared formulation, where the process of mixing the talc to the prepared formulation is carried out just before the granulation step in the preparation of the formulation for plants and the preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described in the following chapter, “Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules”. In this step of mixing the talc into the prepared formulation, a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc is made, from which the preparation for plants in the form of granules is made in the next step.

[0661] The aforementioned talc (magnesium hydrogen metasilicate) in a homogeneous mixture of talc and the prepared formulation in the step of making granules from this mixture of talc and the prepared formulation additionally absorbs water from the prepared formulation and allows better adhesion of the components of the formulation with each other into granules, preventing the formulation and the granules made using the formulation from sticking to the working or contact surfaces of the granulator used, where the working surfaces of the granulator are the surfaces (e.g. the contact surfaces of the filling funnel and of the rotating cylinders of the granulator) that come into contact with the prepared formulation and its ingredients during granulation. The aforementioned talc is in pure powder form and has a particle diameter in the range from 10 pm to 50 pm (microns).

[0662] A prepared formulation within the meaning pursuant to the present invention is a formulation prepared for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules or for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of tablets.Description

[0663] 84

[0664] In implementation examples of the formulation pursuant to the present invention for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules, such a formulation prepared comprises either:

[0665] a) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier;

[0666] b) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and one or several fertilisers for plants; c) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier and one or several biostimulators for plants;

[0667] d) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants and one or several biostimulators for plants;

[0668] e) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants and magnesium stearate lubricant;

[0669] f) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several biostimulators for plants and magnesium stearate lubricant;

[0670] g) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, one or several biostimulators for plants and magnesium stearate lubricant; h) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, biochar and magnesium stearate lubricant;

[0671] i) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several biostimulators for plants, biochar and magnesium stearate lubricant; or

[0672] j) a homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium, formulation carrier, one or several fertilisers for plants, one or several biostimulators for plants, biochar and magnesium stearate lubricant.Description

[0673] 85

[0674] When a manufactured preparation in the form of granules is used in the plant growth medium, the magnesium from talc functions as a secondary macronutrient for plants, while silicon from talc functions as biostimulator for plants.

[0675] The object of the invention further encompasses the process of preparing a formulation for plants, preparing a preparation for plants in the form of granules and preparing a preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described below.

[0676] The process of preparing a formulation for plants, preparing a preparation for plants in the form of granules and preparing a preparation for plants in the form of tablets

[0677] Since the individual components of the formulation often already contain a certain amount of water, which may fluctuate depending on the air humidity conditions in the environment in which these ingredients are manufactured or stored, measuring and controlling the water content of these individual components is crucial for the process of preparing the formulation pursuant to the present invention. This water is brought into the formulation by the individual ingredients containing water, which can affect the process of preparation of the formulation.

[0678] Therefore, the water content in each component of the formulation must be measured in % by weight of water per weight of each component, whereby the initial weight of water in each component must then be calculated on the basis of this measured water content. This is done before each individual ingredient is added to the mixture of ingredients when preparing the formulation.

[0679] It is equally important to measure the water content in the prepared formulation and in the formulation immediately before the production of tablets or granules.Description

[0680] 86

[0681] All water added in the formulation preparation process, i.e. the so-called added water, which is added either to the water carrier in the formulation (the so-called added weight of water in the formulation) or to the prepared formulation (the so-called added weight of water in the prepared formulation), is deionized and filtered using a UV filter to sterilize the water and to destroy potential microorganisms in the water.

[0682] The process of preparing a plant formulation and making a plant preparation consists of steps 1 to 13 as described below.

[0683] Step 1: Measurement of water content in individual components of the formulation and calculation of the weight of water to be added to the water carrier in the formulation

[0684] Each individual component of the formulation, with the exception of ingredients such as bacterial concentrate, mycorrhizal fungal concentrate or clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, chitosan, magnesium stearate and talc (magnesium hydrogen metasilicate), is measured for water content before weighing.

[0685] The water content is measured using a moisture measuring device, which is, for example, a digital moisture analyser with a halogen heater. In doing so, a sample of 10 g of each component of the formulation is weighed and inserted into the moisture analyser, and the water content of this component is measured.

[0686] The measured water content of each ingredient is provided in % by weight of water per weight of each ingredient, which includes the water contained in this ingredient. For this measured water content of each ingredient in weight %, the following Formula 5 applies:Description

[0687] 87

[0688] % by weight of water in each Weight of water in each individual ingredient (g))

[0689] individual ingredient = - — x 100%

[0690] (Weight of each individual ingredient,

[0691] including water (g))

[0692] Depending on the measured water content of each component of the formulation, the weight of the water in the formulation is then calculated and introduced into the entire formulation, which is named in the present invention as the initial weight of the water in each component. This initial weight of water in each ingredient is calculated as the product of the stated weight of each ingredient in the formulation and the water content of this ingredient in % by weight pursuant to the following Formula 1:

[0693] (% by weight of water in (Weight of each individual Initial weight of water in each individual ingredient) X ingredient, including water (g )) each individual ingredient (g) = - 100%

[0694] Then, depending on the weight of individual ingredients in the formulation according to the recipe of the formulation and the calculated initial weight of water in these individual ingredients, and depending on the previously measured water content in these ingredients, the initial weight of water in the formulation is calculated, which is the total initial weight of water of all ingredients in the entire formulation according to the recipe. The initial weight of water in the formulation is calculated as the sum of the initial weights of water of the individual components in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 2:

[0695] Initial weight of water (I nitial weight of water + Initial weight of water +,.. f (Initial weight of water in the formulation (g) = in ingredient 1 (g)) in ingredient 2 g)) in ingredient n (g))

[0696] where 1, 2 or n means an individual ingredient in the formulation.

[0697] This is followed by the calculation of the target weight of water in the formulation. The target weight of water in the formulation is calculated as the product of theDescription

[0698] 88

[0699] weight of the formulation, including the water it contains, where the weight of the formulation is the sum of the weights of the individual components in the formulation, and the target % by weight of water in the formulation (i.e. the target content of water in the formulation) pursuant to the following Formula 3:

[0700] (Target % by weight of (Weight of the formulation, Target weight of water water in the formulation) X including water (g))

[0701] in the formulation (g) = - 100%

[0702] If the formulation is used to make the preparation in the form of tablets, then the target water content in the prepared formulation must be in the range of 13% to 19% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation. For example, this means that the target weight of water in a 100 g formulation for the preparation of tablets is from 13 g to 19 g of water per 100 grams of formulation.

[0703] If the formulation is used to make the preparation in the form of granules, then the target water content in the prepared formulation must be in the range of 3% to 6% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation. This means, for example, that the target weight of water in such a formulation for the preparation of granules is from 3 g to 6 g of water per 100 grams of formulation.

[0704] Then, the added weight of water in the formulation is calculated, which is the weight of water that needs to be added to the water carrier in the formulation in order to reach the target weight of water in the prepared formulation and thus reach the target water content in the formulation. The added weight of water in the formulation is calculated as the difference between the target weight of water in the formulation and the initial weight of water in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 4:

[0705] Added weight of water (Target weight of water > (initial weight of water in the formulation (g) = in the formulation (g)) in the formulation (g))Description

[0706] 89

[0707] Step 2: Weighing the weight of the formulation components pursuant to the recipe of the formulation

[0708] Pursuant to the recipe of the formulation, each individual component of the formulation is weighed and placed into its own container.

[0709] If a granulation formulation is prepared (for further preparation of a preparation in the form of granules made using the formulation), the recipe for such a formulation for granules ranges from 3% by weight to 5% by weight less of the water carrier, calculated from the weight of the entire formulation, as included in the recipe for such a formulation for tablets, and further also contains from 3% by weight to 5% by weight of talc, i.e. magnesium hydrogen metasilicate, calculated from the weight of the entire formulation.

[0710] The formulation recipes for the manufacture of tablets do not consist of and do not include talc.

[0711] The aforementioned talc is mixed into the granule formulation in a special step added to “Step 13A: Manufacture of a preparation for plants in the form of granules” (described below), whereby the talc is mixed into the prepared formulation in “Step 13A-1: Weighing the weight of talc and mixing the talc into the prepared formulation after performing Step 12” (described later).

[0712] Step 3: Preparation of the water carrier in the formulation

[0713] Depending on the recipe of the formulation, the water carrier in the formulation is either vermiculite, earthworm humus, collagen or bat guano or a combination of two water carriers listed herein.Description

[0714] 90

[0715] In alternative implementations of the invention, a water carrier different than the ones listed above may be used, and is selected from the group consisting of, inter alia, bat guano and treated paper biological sludge.

[0716] In specific alternative implementations of the invention, the water carrier in the formulation is clay, and the water transfer medium in the formulation is selected from the group consisting of bentonite and zeolite.

[0717] Pursuant to the recipe of the formulation, the weighed water carrier in the formulation is poured into a mixer, after which water is added into said water carrier during mixing, whereby said water is deionized and filtered using a UV filter to sterilize the water and to destroy potential microorganisms in the water.

[0718] Water is added to the water carrier in the formulation in the amount of water weight added to the formulation as described in Step 1 above.

[0719] Water is added by means of a fine spray at a constant stirring rate of 25 to 60 revolutions per minute (hereinafter referred to as: rpm), at room temperature. The duration of mixing is from 3 to 5 minutes.

[0720] If the water carrier is vermiculite, mixing is carried out for 3 minutes; if the water carrier is earthworm humus or collagen or bat guano, mixing is carried out for 5 minutes. Mixing is carried out intensively, in order to evenly distribute the water over the water carrier to achieve a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier and the added water, i.e. a homogeneous mixture of water carrier and added water. In this mixture of water carrier and added water, a water content of approximately 60% by weight of the water per weight of the mixture is achieved.

[0721] A horizontal paddle mixer is used to mix smaller weights (of up to 40 kg) of formulation components. For mixing weights of ingredients of up to 100 kg, a vertical mixer is used; for larger weights of ingredients (i.e. for 1 tonne of weight), a horizontal mixer with plows is used; and for even larger weights, a 4-tonneDescription

[0722] 91

[0723] horizontal mixer with knives and two side macerators and a connection power of 27 kW is used.

[0724] Step 4: Mixing the water transfer medium in the formulation

[0725] The mixture of the water carrier and the added water in the specified mixer is then mixed with the water transfer medium. Said water transfer medium is selected from the group consisting of clay, bentonite or bentonite clay and zeolite, and a combination of two water transfer mediums listed herein.

[0726] Mixing is carried out quickly and intensively at a mixing rate of 25 to 60 rotations per minute, and is carried out for at least 30 minutes and so long as all clusters (agglomerates) have disappeared, in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture of water carrier (e.g. vermiculite or collagen or earthworm humus) with a water transfer medium (e.g. clay or bentonite clay), in order to transfer water from the water carrier (e.g. vermiculite or collagen or earthworm humus) into the water transfer medium (e.g. clay or bentonite clay), and in order to homogeneously distribute water through the entire mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium. The water from the water carrier passes into the water transfer medium during this mixing, and is evenly distributed in a homogeneous mixture. In this homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium, a water content of from 40% to 45% by weight of the water per weight of said mixture is achieved.

[0727] In special alternative implementations of the invention, in which the formulation contains clay as water carrier and whereby the water transfer medium is selected from the group consisting of bentonite and zeolite, the water transfer medium bentonite or zeolite is then mixed in the aforementioned mixer with the mixture of clay as water carrier and added water.

[0728] Step 5: Emptying and cleaning the mixer for the next steps of the processDescription

[0729] 92

[0730] The homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium is then removed from the mixer. The aforementioned mixer is cleaned and dried for further steps of the process.

[0731] Step 6: Mixing a mixture of a water carrier, added water and a water transfer medium with a formulation carrier, which is a polymer of potassium polyacrylate or a polymer of lignosulfonate

[0732] A weighed amount of the formulation carrier pursuant to the recipe, which is a polymer of potassium polyacrylate or a polymer of lignosulfonate, is then introduced into the aforementioned cleaned mixer in an amount of 80% of the weight of said weighed amount. At a mixing speed in the range of 25 to 60 rpm, a previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium is added and mixed at once.

[0733] Due to the rapid mixing of the aforementioned mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium into the polymer potassium polyacrylate or polymer lignosulfonate (depending on the recipe), water slowly passes from the aforementioned mixture of a water carrier, added water and water transfer medium into the granules of the polymer potassium polyacrylate or polymer lignosulfonate. The slow passage of water into the granules of the polymer prevents the formation of lumps. Mixing is carried out intensively at the indicated mixing rate for

[0734] 3 minutes. After 3 minutes of mixing, the remaining 20% by weight of the weighed amount of the formulation carrier, i.e. potassium polyacrylate polymer or lignosulfonate polymer, depending on the recipe, is added at once at the mixing speed of the mixer in the range of 25 to 60 rpm, and the mixing is carried out for 3 minutes to obtain a dry homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier.

[0735] When this mixture of a water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier is prepared for further manufacturing of tablets, an approximateDescription

[0736] 93

[0737] water content in the range of 13% by weight to 19% by weight per weight of the mixture is achieved.

[0738] When this mixture of a water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier is prepared for further manufacturing of granules, an approximate water content in the range of 3% by weight to 6% by weight per weight of the mixture is achieved.

[0739] If the formulation only includes the aforementioned components, i.e. water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier, the next Step 7 of the procedure is skipped and further steps of the procedure (from Step 8 to Step 13) are performed. In doing so, it is crucial that the mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier is consistent, homogeneous and free of lumps.

[0740] Step 7: Adding the other components of the formulation through mixing

[0741] In the process of preparing formulations which further include at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of:

[0742] - one or more plant fertilisers, and

[0743] - one or more plant biostimulators,

[0744] and which further include, if necessary, at least another ingredient selected from the group consisting of:

[0745] - magnesium stearate lubricant, and

[0746] - biochar,

[0747] the remaining ingredient or several other ingredients pursuant to the recipe are added into the aforementioned mixture in which the dry homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier has been prepared in Step 6, whereby they are added into the mixer at the same time or successively, after which the mixing of all these formulation components is carried out at an intensive mixing speed in the range of 25 to 60 rpm and in the period from 30 to 60 minutes in order to obtain a uniform mixture of all theDescription

[0748] 94

[0749] ingredients in the formulation pursuant to the recipe. In doing so, it is essential that the mixture of formulation ingredients is consistent, homogeneous and free of lumps.

[0750] If the formulation also contains mycorrhizal fungi as a biostimulator, the mixing process in the aforementioned mixer in this Step 7 is carried out with a mixing temperature lower than or equal to 26°C; when mixing, care must be taken that the temperature of the mixture does not exceed 26°C.

[0751] Step 8: Sifting of the formulation

[0752] The formulation prepared in Step 6, which contains water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier as ingredients, or

[0753] the formulation prepared in Step 7 which, in addition to water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier also contains at least one or more components, including one or more fertilisers for plants and / or one or more biostimulators for plants, and furthermore, if necessary, contains at least one or both ingredients selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate and biochar lubricant, is sifted through a sieve with a pore size of up to 5 mm pore diameter.

[0754] This separates the lumps of the mixture from the powdery mixture of the formulation and sifts the formulation into an airtight plastic container with a lid. A vibrating sieve shall be used for sifting.

[0755] Step 9: Controlling the moisture or water content in the formulation

[0756] After sifting the formulation, the sifted formulation is subjected to moisture measurement on a substance moisture measuring device. A sample of 10 g is taken from the prepared formulation and placed in the humidity measuring device. When the device measures humidity, the humidity of the prepared formulation is read, which is given in % by weight of water per weight of the formulation.Description

[0757] 95

[0758] The target water content of the formulation for the preparation of tablets should be in the range of 13% by weight to 19% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation.

[0759] The target water content of the formulation for the preparation of granules should be in the range of 3% by weight to 6% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation.

[0760] In the event of a measured target water content in the prepared formulation, Step 10 as described below is performed.

[0761] If the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target water content, the additional Step 9A is performed as described below.

[0762] Additional step 9A: Calculation of the added weight of water in the prepared formulation and mixing said weight of water into the prepared formulation

[0763] If the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target water content, this additional Step 9A is performed, in which the added weight of water in the prepared formulation is calculated as the difference between the target weight of water in the formulation and the weight of water in the prepared formulation pursuant to the following Formula 7:

[0764] Added weight of water in (Target weight of water > (Weight of water in the the prepared formulation (g) = in the formulation (g)) prepared formulation (g))

[0765] In this case, the weight of the water in the prepared formulation is calculated as the product of the measured % by weight of water in the prepared formulation and the weight of the prepared formulation, including water, pursuant to the following Formula 8:Description

[0766] 96

[0767] (Measured % by weight of water (Weight of the prepared Weight of water in the in the prepared formulation) X formulation, including water (g) prepared formulation (g) = - 100%

[0768] The prepared formulation is returned into said mixer and the added weight of water for the prepared formulation is added through fine spraying with a spray and stirring continuously at a rate of 25 to 60 rpm at a room temperature which must not exceed 26°C. Mixing is carried out for 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture, which is then sifted similarly to Step 8 described above, and the humidity of which is then controlled as in Step 9.

[0769] Step 10: Resting of the prepared formulation

[0770] The formulation controlled in Step 9 with the measured target water content is transferred into a plastic container, covered with a lid and left to stand and rest for a period of 3 hours to 5 hours, in order for the water in the formulation to be further evenly distributed across all components of the formulation.

[0771] Step 11: Temporary storage of the prepared formulation before making the preparation

[0772] After resting the formulation in Step 10, the prepared formulation is transferred into an airtight polyethylene plastic bag, which can be sealed and does not allow the ingress of moisture and water, whereby said bag is placed into a plastic container, and the bag and the plastic container with the lid are closed, so that the formulation does not come into contact with water and moisture.

[0773] Step 12: Checking the humidity or water content of the prepared formulation before making the preparationDescription

[0774] 97

[0775] A sample of 10 g is taken from the formulation after temporary storage and placed in a humidity measuring device. When the device measures humidity, the humidity of the formulation is read, which is given in % by weight of water per weight of the formulation.

[0776] The target water content of the formulation for the preparation of tablets should be in the range of 13% by weight to 19% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation.

[0777] The target water content of the formulation for the preparation of granules should be in the range of 3% by weight to 6% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation.

[0778] If the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target water content, the aforementioned additional Step 9Aand the following Step 10 and Step 11, as well as this Step 12, are performed as described below.

[0779] In the event of a measured target water content in the prepared formulation, the following Step 13 is performed.

[0780] Step 13: Making the plant preparation

[0781] The formulation with a measured target water content in the formulation ranging from 3% to 6% of water per total weight of the formulation is used to prepare a preparation in the form of granules as described in Step 13A.

[0782] The formulation with a measured target water content in the formulation ranging from 13% to 19% of water per total weight of the formulation is used to prepare a preparation in the form of tablets as described in Step 13B.

[0783] Step 13A: Making the plant preparation in the form of granules

[0784] Step 13A of making the plant preparation in the form of granules consists of two successive steps, i.e. Step 13A-1 in which the weight of talc is determined and theDescription

[0785] 98

[0786] talc is stirred into the prepared formulation after Step 12, and Step 13A-2 of preparing a preparation for plants in the form of granules using a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc.

[0787] Step 13A-1: Weighing the weight of talc and mixing the talc into the prepared formulation after performing Step 12

[0788] In the formulation for preparing a plant preparation in the form of granules with a measured target water content in the formulation ranging from 3% to 6% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation, from 3% to 5% by weight of talc per total weight of the formulation is first weighed and then transferred to a separate recipient, pursuant to the recipe for the formulation for the preparation of granules.

[0789] After the finished previous step 12, the prepared formulation is added into the cleaned and dried mixer used in the previous Step 3 and Step 7.

[0790] A horizontal paddle mixer is used to mix smaller weights (of up to 40 kg) of the prepared formulation. In case of mixing larger weights of the prepared formulation (of up to 100 kg), a vertical mixer is used. If mixing even larger weights of the formulation (for example for 1 tonne of weight), a horizontal mixer with plows is used, and for even larger weights of the formulation, a 4 tonne horizontal mixer with knives and two side macerators and a connection power of 27 kW is used.

[0791] The aforementioned mixer is used to add the weighed talc pursuant to the recipe (in the amount of 3% to 5% by weight of the entire formulation) to the prepared formulation, by adding the talc to the prepared formulation during constant mixing in the mixer with an intensive mixing speed in the range of 25 to 60 rpm and during the mixing time from 30 to 60 minutes, to obtain a uniform mixture of the formulation with the talc. In doing so, it is essential that the mixture of the formulation and talc is consistent, homogeneous and free of lumps.Description

[0792] 99

[0793] If the formulation also contains mycorrhizal fungi as a biostimulator, the mixing process of the prepared formulation and talc in the aforementioned mixer in this Step 13A-1 is carried out with a mixing temperature lower than or equal to 26°C; when mixing, care must be taken that the temperature of the mixture of the formulation and talc does not exceed 26°C.

[0794] In Step 13A-1, a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc is prepared.

[0795] The aforementioned talc is magnesium hydrogen metasilicate which, in the homogeneous mixture of talc and the formulation prepared in Step 13A-2 of the preparation of granules from this mixture of talc and formulation, additionally absorbs water from the prepared formulation and allows better adhesion of the components of the formulation with each other into granules, preventing the formulation and the granules made using the formulation from sticking to the working surfaces of the granulator used, where the working surfaces of the granulator are the surfaces that come into contact with the prepared formulation and its ingredients during granulation. The aforementioned talc is in pure powder form and has a particle diameter in the range from 10 pm to 50 pm (microns).

[0796] Step 13A-2: Making the plant preparation in the form of granules using a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc

[0797] The homogeneous mixture of talc and the prepared formulation with the measured target water content in the formulation ranging from 3% to 6% of water per total weight of the formulation prepared in Step 13A-1 is fed into the filling funnel of the granulator above two rotating cylinders with symmetrically placed semicircular openings.

[0798] When granulating in a granulator, the homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation with talc passes smoothly from the funnel of the granulator to the rotating cylinders with symmetrically placed semicircular openings, whereby theseDescription

[0799] 100

[0800] cylinders then separate the homogeneous mixture of the formulation and talc into smaller pieces, which are pressed together and formed into granules. The granules shaped during this process pass down into the granule collection chamber.

[0801] The aforementioned talcum powder mixed into the prepared formulation in Step 13A-1 allows the homogeneous mixture of the talcum powder formulation in the granulator to pass smoothly from the filling funnel of the granulator between the rotating cylinders with symmetrically positioned semicircular openings, and to compress and form granules between these rollers that pass down into the granule collection chamber.

[0802] If the prepared granule formulation does not contain talc, the prepared formulation adheres to the working surfaces of the granulator and does not pass smoothly from the filling funnel of the granulator to the rotating cylinders of the granulator. In addition, the granules are not emptied from the area of the rotating cylinders with symmetrically positioned semicircular openings of the granulator, but are returned to the filling funnel of the granulator, which blocks the filling of the filling funnel of the granulator with more of the prepared formulation.

[0803] The manufactured granules are packed in plastic bags that are water- and moisture-impermeable, and stored for transport to customers.

[0804] Step 13B: Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets

[0805] The formulation with a measured target water content in the formulation ranging from 13% to 19% of water per total weight of the formulation is poured into an eccentric tablet press.

[0806] This tablet press is a tablet press on which the formulation is pressed together and the particles of the formulation are brought closer together under the force ofDescription

[0807] 101

[0808] compression to connect into a solid compact tablet. The formulation tabletting process can alternatively be performed on a rotating tablet press.

[0809] Both tablet presses have a tablet pressing unit made of a matrix plate with a matrix recess and a lower seal below the plane of the matrix plate, whereby the upper surface of the seal is clamped into the matrix plate and where this upper surface of the lower seal forms the bottom of the matrix recess, whereby the upper seal lies above the plane of the matrix plate.

[0810] For both tablet presses, the formulation is poured into the filling container of the tablet press and is then dispensed from the filling container into the matrix recess of the tablet press with a free fall due to gravity, in an amount to fill the matrix recess.

[0811] This is followed by compression, where the upper seal strikes the lower seal at a certain distance from the bottom of the matrix recess (i.e. the upper surface of the lower seal) to form a tablet with a certain height, which is then compressed between the lower and upper seals. Under the pressure of both seals on the tablet, the particles of the formulation are redistributed so that the smaller particles are compressed and mixed into the empty spaces between the larger particles, after which the particles are slightly deformed and finally connected to each other in the tablet. Finally, the upper seal is lifted upwards, followed by the lower seal, to push up the shaped tablet and eject it from the matrix recess.

[0812] The eccentric (stroke) tablet press only has one pressing unit, so only one tablet is produced in this eccentric press at a time. A rotary tablet press has several pressing units, meaning that tablets can be continuously compressed using the rotary tablet press in short intervals.

[0813] Alternatively, a hydraulic tablet press is used for tabletting, which acts similarly to the eccentric tablet press, with the exception that both tools are moved by a hydraulic cylinder instead of an eccentric wheel. For this reason, the steps of fillingDescription

[0814] 102

[0815] the formulation into the tablet press can be stopped at each individual step for intermediate filling with three different materials for the manufacture of two- or three-layer tablets. The formulation is filled into a matrix with three filling frames that slide along the matrix. After the first and second filling, the lower tool moves down by the set thickness of the layer. After that, the upper tool approaches the matrix to close it, after which the lower tool begins to lift, thereby making a tablet imprint. Then, the upper tool rises, and the lower tool rises to the level of the matrix and ejects the compressed tablets, which are pushed into the collection container by the filling frame.

[0816] For the manufacture of tablets pursuant to the present invention, an eccentric tablet press is used for the cheaper but slower manufacture of tablets from the formulation. A hydraulic tablet press is used to make multilayer tablets.

[0817] In the alternative implementation of the invention, a rotating tablet press is used for the manufacture of tablets from the formulation, which is also a more expensive implementation.

[0818] For this invention, it is important that the matrix plate, seals and other parts of the tablet press are made of stainless metal with a hardness of at least 58 HRC according to Rockwell, and that they have a smooth polished surface to prevent the material (formulation) from sticking to the tool. This hardness is important to prevent the tool from deforming, since the fine mineral particles of the formulation are squeezed between the die and the untempered tool, blocking the tool.

[0819] Otherwise, the press is blocked with hard particles, causing faster wear and adhesion of the material to the tool.

[0820] The compression force of the tablet must be in the range from 60 kN to 80 kN.

[0821] If the formulation contains mycorrhizal fungi in the form of propagules and vesicles, the compression force of the tablet is in the range from 50 kN to 60 kN in order to prevent the destruction of propagules and vesicles.Description

[0822] 103

[0823] During tabletting, it is very important that the formulation is dry, has a water content of no more than 13% to 19% by weight of water, and is in the form of powder.

[0824] If the surfaces of the tablet press that come into contact with the formulation and the tablet formed by pressing using this formulation during pressing (i.e. the contact surfaces of the matrix plates and of the seals of the tablet press) are slightly moist, magnesium stearate is added to the formulation in the amount of from 0.25 to 0.75% by weight per total weight of the formulation. The humidification of these tablet surfaces occurs because the water from the formulation is squeezed out of the tablet when the tablet is pressed in the tablet press.

[0825] Magnesium stearate acts as a lubricant (lubricant or separator), preventing the tablets from sticking to the aforementioned contact surfaces of the tablet. In addition, magnesium from magnesium stearate functions as a secondary macronutrient for plants in the final preparation in the form of tablets.

[0826] Alternatively, magnesium stearate is automatically sprayed onto the matrix plate in the matrix recess and onto the contact surface of the lower and upper seals before filling the formulation into the matrix recess.

[0827] The manufactured tablets are checked on an ongoing basis to ensure that the manufactured tablets are compact and do not crumble. At the beginning of the tabletting process, one out of ten manufactured tablets is examined. The examination process controls the strength of tablets, their correct shape, and the weight of tablets. The strength of the tablets must be sufficient that they do not break, crush or crumble. The tablets must have a smooth surface and edges and must not be chipped. The weight of the tablets must be within the defined weight range and may deviate from said defined weight range by a maximum of 10% of the defined weight. The weight of the tablets is measured on a digital scale. TheDescription

[0828] 104

[0829] defined weights of the tablet pursuant to the present invention are in the range of 5 g to 45 g and are as follows: 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, 40 g and 45 g.

[0830] Tablets that do not meet the specified control criteria are discarded.

[0831] Step 13B-1: Temporary packaging of tablets

[0832] The manufactured tablets are temporarily packed in an airtight and impermeable plastic bag that does not allow water and moisture to escape, before being packaged in the final packaging, which is the packaging in which the tablets are sold.

[0833] Step 13B-2: Packaging the tablets in the final packaging

[0834] After temporary packaging, the manufactured tablets are packed in the final packaging, which is the packaging in which the tablets are sold.

[0835] In the first version of the packaging, the tablets are packed in polyethylene thermo-curable plastic wrappers containing 10 tablets, which are then packaged into a cardboard packaging. The plastic wrapper is made out of polyethylene with a thickness of 0.08 mm.

[0836] In the second version of the packaging, the tablets are packed in so-called “zip” PVC bags containing 50 tablets in total.

[0837] In the third version of the packaging, the tablets are packed in a blister package.

[0838] In the fourth version of the packaging, the tablets are packed for the professional market, i.e. for wholesale users, in polyethylene bags containing 500 tablets each and in cardboard boxes containing 2 x 500 tablets each. The bags are at least 0.09 mm thick and tear-resistant.Description

[0839] 105

[0840] In the fifth version of the package, the tablets are packed for the professional market in polyethylene bags containing 250 tablets each.

[0841] Implementation examples of hydrogel polymer plant formulations with fertilisers and plant biostimulators

[0842] These implementation examples of the formulations describe some of the possible implementation examples of the formulations and recipes for these formulations pursuant to the present invention.

[0843] The implementation examples of hydrogel polymer plant formulations with fertilisers and plant biostimulators described in this chapter which are used for the preparation of plants in the form of tablets and in the form of granules, describe the components of these formulations and their quantities and recipes for these formulations.

[0844] In the implementation example, each individual formulation and recipe for each individual formulation which is used for the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as well as each individual formulation and recipe for each individual formulation which is used for the preparation for plants in the form of granules are similar, and only differ in the content of talc lubricant (magnesium hydrogen metasilicate).

[0845] Said talc as a lubricant contains only the formulation and recipe for the formulation from which the preparation for plants in the form of granules is made. The formulation and recipe for the formulation from which the preparation for plants in the form of tablets is made does not contain talc as a lubricant.

[0846] In individual implementation examples, the process of preparing the aforementioned formulation for plants and preparing a preparation for plants in theDescription

[0847] 106

[0848] form of tablets using said formulation, and the process of preparing the aforementioned formulation for plants and preparing a preparation for plants in the form of granules using said formulation is performed pursuant to the process described in the description of the invention in chapter “The process of preparing a formulation for plants, preparing a preparation for plants in the form of granules and preparing a preparation for plants in the form of tablets”. Exceptionally, each individual implementation example briefly describes the sequence of adding the formulation ingredients.

[0849] Implementation example 1: Formulation for plants comprising vermiculite, clay and potassium polyacrylate for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[0850] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 1 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[0851] Recipe for formulation 1:

[0852] Formulation 1 For For

[0853] tablets granule

[0854] s

[0855] Area (g) or

[0856] Quantit Quantity

[0857] Ingredient (% by Function

[0858] y(g) (g)

[0859] weight)

[0860] vermiculite 16 11 16 to 56 water carrier

[0861] clay 4 4 4 to 6 water transfer medium potassium formulation carrier;

[0862] 80 80 38 to 80

[0863] polyacrylate hydrogel polymer only for granules: antitalc (Mg hydrogen

[0864] 0 5 3 to 5 caking agent and metasilicate)

[0865] lubricant

[0866]

[0867] Description

[0868] 107

[0869] Total (g) 100 100

[0870]

[0871] The vermiculite in formulation 1 is the water carrier in the formulation. This vermiculite is a natural mineral of magnesium iron-aluminium silicate, as described in the description of the invention, which is expanded vermiculite and has a particle size in the particle diameter range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm.

[0872] This vermiculite contains the following components:

[0873] Ingredient Name Quantity in % by weight per 1 kg of dry weight of vermiculite

[0874] SiO2Silicon dioxide 40.64

[0875] MgO Magnesium oxide 23.61

[0876] Al2O3Aluminium oxide 11.22

[0877] H2O Water 13.08

[0878] Fe2O3Iron oxide 10.56

[0879] CaO Calcium oxide 2.97

[0880] TiO2Titanium oxide 0.94

[0881] P2O5Phosphorus 0.40

[0882] pentoxide

[0883] K2O Potassium oxide 0.77

[0884] MnO Manganese oxide 0.12

[0885] Na2O Sodium oxide <0.05

[0886] SO3Sulphur oxide <0.30

[0887]

[0888] The clay in formulation 1 is a water transfer medium. This clay has a particle size in the particle diameter range of 5 μm to 300 μm and contains the following ingredients in mg per litre of clay:

[0889] - calcium (Ca) < 31 mg / l,

[0890] - magnesium (Mg) < 13 mg / l,

[0891] - nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO3-N) < 14 mg / l,

[0892] - chlorine (Cl) < 27 mg / l,

[0893] - sulphur (S) < 33 mg / l,Description

[0894] 108

[0895] - phosphorus (P) < 7.8 mg / l,

[0896] - iron (Fe) 1.0 mg / l,

[0897] - manganese (Mn) < 0.09 mg / l,

[0898] - zinc (Zn) < 0.07 mg / l,

[0899] - boron (B) 0.11 mg / l,

[0900] - copper (Cu) < 0.07 mg / l, and

[0901] - molybdenum (Mo) < 0.10 mg / l.

[0902] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 1 is a hydrogel polymer and is the formulation carrier as described in the description of the invention. A potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight, or a potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of up to 100 times its dry weight, is used.

[0903] This formulation 1 is a basic formulation and does not include additional fertilisers and biostimulators. Vermiculite already contains elements such as magnesium, calcium, silicon, aluminum and iron, while clay already contains elements such as calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, chlorine, sulphur and phosphorus in small quantities.

[0904] The formulation 1 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant in the amount of 5 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of vermiculite as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 5 g, i.e. 11 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of vermiculite as a water carrier in the formulation 1 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 5 g, compared to the comparable formulation 1 for tablets (which contains 16 g of vermiculite).

[0905] Talc, i.e. magnesium hydrogen metasilicate, is a lubricant or a separator. The talc used is in pure powder form and has a particle diameter in the range from 10 pm to 50 pm (microns). The talc used in the process of preparing the preparation in the form of granules prevents the adhesion of the formulation and the granulesDescription

[0906] 109

[0907] made using said formulation to the working or contact surfaces of the used granulator. The aforementioned talc is mixed and added to the formulation for the preparation in the form of granules in a special step in the preparation in the form of granules from the prepared formulation, where the process of mixing the talc to the prepared formulation is carried out just before the granulation step in the preparation of the formulation for plants and the preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described in the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, i.e. added in Step 13A-2 as described in the description of the invention. In this step of mixing the talc into the prepared formulation, a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc is made, from which the preparation for plants in the form of granules is made in the next step. When a manufactured preparation in the form of granules is used in the plant growth medium, the magnesium from talc functions as a secondary macronutrient for plants, while silicon from talc functions as biostimulator for plants.

[0908] Formulation 1 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 to 6 and in steps from 8 to 13 and in Step 13A: Making the plant preparation in the form of granules, including steps 13A-1 and 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[0909] Formulation 1 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 to 6 and in steps from 8 to 13 and in Step 13B: Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[0910] The plant preparation made from formulation 1, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is universal and is used for the cultivation of most plants. TheDescription

[0911] 110

[0912] exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[0913] Implementation example 2: Formulation for plants comprising vermiculite, clay and potassium polyacrylate, and bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi as biostimulators for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[0914] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 2 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[0915] Recipe for formulation 2:

[0916] Formulation 2 For For

[0917] tablets granules

[0918] Quantity Quantity Area (g) or

[0919] Ingredient Function

[0920] (g) (g) (% by weight)

[0921] vermiculite 16 11 16 to 56 water carrier water transfer clay 4 4 4 to 6

[0922] medium potassium formulation carrier;

[0923] 76.97 76.995 38 to 80

[0924] polyacrylate hydrogel polymer for tablets:

[0925] biostimulator, bacterial 0.03 to 0.1

[0926] 0.03 0.005 bacteria beneficial concentrate for granules:

[0927] for plants 0.005 to 0.5

[0928] granules of biostimulator, fungi 3 3 1 to 5

[0929] mycorrhizal fungi beneficial for plants

[0930]

[0931] Description

[0932] 111

[0933] talc (Mg only for granules: hydrogen 0 5 3 to 5 anti-caking agent metasilicate) and lubricant Total (g) 100 100

[0934]

[0935] The vermiculite in formulation 2 is the water carrier in the formulation. This vermiculite is a natural mineral of magnesium iron-aluminium silicate, as described in the description of the invention, which is expanded vermiculite and has a particle size in the particle diameter range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm. This vermiculite is the same as in formulation 1 above.

[0936] The clay in formulation 2 is a water transfer medium. This clay has a particle size in the particle diameter range of 5 μm to 300 μm and is the same as in formulation 1 above.

[0937] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 2 is a hydrogel polymer and is the formulation carrier as described in the description of the invention. A potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 100 times its dry weight, is used. This potassium polyacrylate is the same as in formulation 1 above.

[0938] This formulation 2 includes biostimulators for plants, namely:

[0939] - bacteria beneficial for plants in the form of a bacterial concentrate, and - fungi beneficial for plants, which are mycorrhizal fungi and appear in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi.

[0940] The bacterial concentrate in formulation 2 is a biostimulator for plants and contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium.Description

[0941] 112

[0942] In an alternative implementation of this formulation 2, said bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.

[0943] Said bacterial concentrate is in powder form. In this bacterial concentrate in the form of powder, bacteria are encapsulated in a clay envelope in order to avoid the reaction of bacteria with the fertilisers in the formulation, since fertilisers inhibit and prevent the development of bacteria when bacteria are in direct contact with fertilisers. Such a powdered bacterial concentrate contains 1 billion CFU of bacteria in 1 gram of this bacterial concentrate, where CFU is a colony-forming unit of bacteria.

[0944] Said powdered bacterial concentrate is added to formulation 2 for the manufacture of tablets in an amount of 0.03 g of bacterial concentrate per 100 g of formulation, which is 30 million CFU of said bacteria in 100 g of formulation 2 for tablets and 300,000 CFU of said bacteria in 1 g of this formulation 2 for tablets. Said powdered bacterial concentrate is added to formulation 2 for the manufacture of granules in an amount of 0.005 g of bacterial concentrate per 100 g of formulation, which is 5 million CFU of said bacteria in 100 g of formulation 2 for granules and 50,000 CFU of said bacteria in 1 g of this formulation 2 for granules.

[0945] These bacteria act as a biostimulator for plants. When the preparation is applied to the plant growth medium after this invention, the bacteria listed in the preparation bind (fix) nitrogen from the air and convert it into a form of nitrogen that is useful for plants and microorganisms. In addition, these bacteria in plants increase the efficiency of the use of nutrients in the plant and increase the tolerance of the plant to abiotic stress, as well as to biotic stress, while also stimulating the growth of plants with the compounds they produce.Description

[0946] 113

[0947] Fungi beneficial for plants in formulation 2 are mycorrhizal fungi and appear in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi. These clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain viable propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, which are mycorrhizal fungi of the species Rhizoglomus irregulare, mycorrhizal fungi of the species Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium, and mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp.

[0948] These clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi comprise clay granules and viable propagules and vesicles of these mycorrhizal fungi, where these propagules and vesicles are viable. These clay granules comprise 60% by weight of clay, as well as 25% bentonite and 15% zeolite by weight per total weight of clay granules. In clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal propagules and vesicles are encapsulated in a clay envelope in order to avoid the reaction of mycorrhizal propagules and vesicles with fertilisers in the formulation. Clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain 36 propagules of mycorrhizal fungi per 1 gram of these clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi. Formulation 2 contains 3 g of granules of mycorrhizal fungi in 100 g of formulation, which means that there are 108 viable mycorrhizal fungi propagules in 100 g of formulation.

[0949] These mycorrhizal fungi act as a biostimulator for plants. When the preparation according to this invention is applied to the plant growth medium and comes into contact with the water and the root of the plant, shoots of hyphae of fungi and hyphae of fungi grow from the propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, wherein said hyphae grow around the root of the plant, next to the root of the plant and into the root of the plant, into the cells of the root of the plant, and further into the cells of the root of the plant. In doing so, the hyphae of fungi draw water from the root environment and transfer it to the root cells of the plant, while also transferring nutrients for plants from the preparation pursuant to the present invention and from the growth medium into the root cells with water. Hyphae of fungi, however, draw sugar from the root cells of the plant, which is produced by the plant during photosynthesis and transported to its root. These mycorrhizalDescription

[0950] 114

[0951] fungi, through their hyphae, supply the roots of the plant with water, plant nutrients, macronutrients and micronutrients, and increase the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stress.

[0952] The formulation 2 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 5 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of vermiculite as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 5 g, i.e. 11 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of vermiculite as a water carrier in the formulation 2 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 5 g, compared to the comparable formulation 2 for tablets (which contains 16 g of vermiculite).

[0953] Formulation 2 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[0954] Formulation 2 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[0955] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[0956] The plant preparation made from formulation 2, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is universal and is used for the cultivation of most plants. The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[0957] Implementation example 3: Formulation for plants comprising earthworm humus, clay and potassium polyacrylate, and chitosan and amino acids asDescription

[0958] 115

[0959] biostimulators for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[0960] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 3 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[0961] Recipe for formulation 3:

[0962] Formulation 3 For For

[0963] tablets granules

[0964] Area (g)

[0965] Quantity Quantity or

[0966] Ingredient Function

[0967] (g) (g) (% by

[0968] weight)

[0969] earthworm humus 12.7 7.7 12.7 to 50 water carrier

[0970] clay 4 4 4 to 10 water transfer medium potassium formulation carrier;

[0971] 80 80 20 to 80

[0972] polyacrylate hydrogel polymer chitosan 0.8 0.8 0.8 biostimulator

[0973] amino acids 2.5 2.5 2.5 biostimulator

[0974] talc (Mg hydrogen only for granules: anti0 5 3 to 5

[0975] metasilicate) caking agent and lubricant Total (g) 100 100

[0976]

[0977] The earthworm humus (vermicompost) in formulation 3 is the water carrier in the formulation. This earthworm humus is the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus, where this compost has already been overgrown with the mycelium (a network of hyphae) of oyster mushrooms, as is described in the description of the invention. This compost contains aliphatic compounds, i.e. organic hydrocarbons without aromatic rings (cyclic hydrocarbons with unsaturated bonds), whereby these aliphatic hydrocarbons also containDescription

[0978] 116

[0979] oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and halogens. This oyster-growing compost also contains wheat and barley straw, as well as poultry manure, and is composted for 30 days and parboiled. This earthworm humus contains the following elements in % by weight of this humus:

[0980] - nitrogen N 2.6% by weight,

[0981] - phosphorus P 0.3% by weight,

[0982] - potassium K 1.15% by weight,

[0983] - calcium Ca 5.8% by weight, and

[0984] - magnesium Mg 1.9% by weight; and

[0985] - has a ratio of carbon and nitrogen C: N of about 11.52: 1.

[0986] The clay in formulation 3 is the water transfer medium in the formulation. This clay has a particle size in the particle diameter range of 5 μm to 300 μm and contains, as described in the description of the invention, the following ingredients in mg per litre of clay:

[0987] - calcium (Ca) < 31 mg / l,

[0988] - magnesium (Mg) < 13 mg / l,

[0989] - nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO3-N) < 14 mg / l,

[0990] - chlorine (Cl) < 27 mg / l,

[0991] - sulphur (S) < 33 mg / l,

[0992] - phosphorus (P) < 7.8 mg / l,

[0993] - iron (Fe) 1.0 mg / l,

[0994] - manganese (Mn) < 0.09 mg / l,

[0995] - zinc (Zn) < 0.07 mg / l,

[0996] - boron (B) 0.11 mg / l,

[0997] - copper (Cu) < 0.07 mg / l, and

[0998] - molybdenum (Mo) < 0.10 mg / l.

[0999] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 3 is a hydrogel polymer and is the formulation carrier as described in the description of the invention. A potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 100 times its dryDescription

[1000] 117

[1001] weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 150 times its dry weight, is used.

[1002] This formulation 3 includes biostimulators for plants, namely:

[1003] - chitosan and

[1004] - amino acids.

[1005] The chitosan in formulation 3 is a biostimulator for plants and is a linear polysaccharide, namely a polysaccharide from D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is obtained from crustacean and mollusc shells. When a preparation made from this formulation is used in a plant growth medium, chitosan acts as a biostimulator for plants, accelerating the growth of plant roots and increasing the resistance of plants to abiotic and biotic stress.

[1006] The amino acids in formulation 3 are a biostimulator for plants. These amino acids are as follows: arginine, asparagine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, methionine, tryptophan, proline, glutamine, lysine, cysteine, histidine, valine, alanine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine. When a preparation made using this formulation is used in a plant growth medium, amino acids in the preparation act as a biostimulator for plants, stimulating plant nutrition processes and improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and nutrient availability in the growth medium or soil or in the rhizosphere of plants. In addition, amino acids improve the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stress. At the same time, amino acids act as a chelating agent and bind metal cations to the complex or chelate, which are more easily transferred to the root of the plant by being bound to the amino acid.

[1007] The formulation 3 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 5 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 5 g, i.e. 7.7 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier in the formulation 3 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. byDescription

[1008] 118

[1009] 5 g, compared to the comparable formulation 3 for tablets (which contains 12.7 g of earthworm humus).

[1010] Formulation 3 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1011] Formulation 3 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1012] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1013] The plant preparation made from formulation 3, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is universal and is used for the cultivation of most plants. The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1014] Implementation example 4: Formulation for plants comprising earthworm humus, clay and potassium polyacrylate, chitosan and amino acids as biostimulators, and bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1015] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 4 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[1016] Recipe for formulation 4:Description

[1017] 119

[1018] Formulation 4 For tablets For

[1019] granules

[1020] Area (g) or

[1021] Ingredient Quantity (g) Quantity (g) Function

[1022] (% by weight)

[1023] earthworm

[1024] 12.7 7.7 12.7 to 50 water carrier humus

[1025] water transfer clay 4 4 4 to 10

[1026] medium formulation potassium

[1027] 76.97 76.995 20 to 80 carrier; hydrogel polyacrylate

[1028] polymer chitosan 0.8 0.8 0.8 biostimulator amino acids 2.5 2.5 2.5 biostimulator for tablets:

[1029] biostimulator, bacterial 0.03 to 0.1 For

[1030] 0.03 0.005 bacteria beneficial concentrate granules:

[1031] for plants 0.005 to 0.5

[1032] granules of biostimulator, mycorrhizal 3 3 1 to 5 fungi beneficial for fungi plants

[1033] talc (Mg only for granules: hydrogen 0 5 3 to 5 anti-caking agent metasilicate) and lubricant Total (g) 100 100

[1034]

[1035] The earthworm humus (vermicompost) in formulation 4 is the water carrier in the formulation. This earthworm hummus is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 3, i.e. the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus, as described in the description of the invention.Description

[1036] 120

[1037] The clay in formulation 4 is the water transfer medium in the formulation. This clay is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 3, with the particle size in the particle diameter range of 5 μm to 300 μm.

[1038] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 4 is a hydrogel polymer and is the formulation carrier as described in the description of the invention. This potassium polyacrylate is the same as in formulation 3 above. A potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 100 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 150 times its dry weight, is used.

[1039] This formulation 4 includes biostimulators for plants, namely:

[1040] - chitosan,

[1041] - amino acids,

[1042] - bacteria beneficial for plants in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is the same as in formulation 2 above, and

[1043] - fungi beneficial for plants, which are mycorrhizal fungi and appear in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, and are the same as in formulation 2 above.

[1044] The chitosan in formulation 4 is a biostimulator for plants. It is a linear polysaccharide, namely a polysaccharide from D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is obtained from crustacean and mollusc shells, and is the same as in formulation 3 above. When a preparation made from this formulation is used in a plant growth medium, chitosan acts as a biostimulator for plants, accelerating the growth of plant roots and increasing the resistance of plants to abiotic and biotic stress.

[1045] The amino acids in formulation 4 are a biostimulator for plants. These amino acids are the same as in formulation 3 above and are as follows: arginine, asparagine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, methionine, tryptophan, proline, glutamine, lysine, cysteine, histidine, valine, alanine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine.Description

[1046] 121

[1047] When a preparation made using this formulation is used in a plant growth medium, amino acids in the preparation act as a biostimulator for plants, stimulating plant nutrition processes and improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization, and nutrient availability in the growth medium, and improve the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, amino acids act as a chelating agent and bind metal cations to the complex or chelate, which are more easily transferred to the root of the plant by being bound to the amino acid.

[1048] The bacterial concentrate in formulation 4 is a biostimulator for plants. It is the same as in formulation 2 above. Such powdered bacterial concentrate contains 1 billion CFUs of bacteria in 1 g of this bacterial concentrate.

[1049] In one implementation of this formulation 4, this bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium.

[1050] In another implementation of this formulation 4, said bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.

[1051] 100 g of formulation 4 for tablets contains 0.03 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 30 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 300,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria. 100 g of formulation 4 for granules contains 0.005 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 5 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 50,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria.Description

[1052] 122

[1053] Clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi in formulation 4 are the same as in formulation 2 above and contain viable propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, which are mycorrhizal fungi of the species Rhizoglomus irregulare, mycorrhizal fungi of the species Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium, and mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp. These mycorrhizal fungi act as a biostimulator for plants.

[1054] 100 g of the formulation 4 contains 3 g of granules of mycorrhizal fungi,

[1055] i.e. 108 viable propagules of the aforementioned mycorrhizal fungi.

[1056] The formulation 4 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 5 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 5 g, i.e. 7.7 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier in the formulation 4 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 5 g, compared to the comparable formulation 4 for tablets (which contains 12.7 g of earthworm humus).

[1057] Formulation 4 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1058] Formulation 4 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1059] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B- 2, as described above in the description of the invention.Description

[1060] 123

[1061] The plant preparation made from formulation 4, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is universal and is used for the cultivation of most plants. The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1062] Implementation example 5: Formulation for plants comprising collagen, bentonite and biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate, as well as organic fertilisers for plants, biostimulators of humic acid, and bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1063] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 5 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[1064] Recipe for formulation 5:

[1065] Formulation For tablets For granules

[1066] 5

[1067] Area (g) or

[1068] Ingredient Quantity (g) Quantity (g) (% by Function weight)

[1069] collagen 15 12 10 to 50 water carrier water transfer bentonite 5 5 3 to 7

[1070] medium formulation carrier; biological super lignosulfonate 39.95 39.99 20 to 60

[1071] water-absorbent polymer;

[1072] bat guano 14.25 14.25 O to 50 organic fertiliser

[1073]

[1074] Description

[1075] 124

[1076] potassium

[1077] sulphate 7 7 O to 50 organic fertiliser (organic)

[1078] polysulphate

[1079] 7 7 O to 50 organic fertiliser (polyhalite)

[1080] crude

[1081] 7 7 O to 50 organic fertiliser phosphate

[1082] lubricant and magnesium

[1083] 0.75 0.75 0.25 to 0.75 macronutrient stearate

[1084] source Mg humic acid

[1085] 1 1 1 to 3 biostimulator (powder)

[1086] for tablets:

[1087] biostimulator, bacterial 0.03 to 0.1

[1088] 0.05 0.01 bacteria beneficial concentrate For granules:

[1089] for plants

[1090] 0.005 to 0.5

[1091] granules of

[1092] biostimulator, fungi mycorrhizal 3 3 1 to 5

[1093] beneficial for plants fungi

[1094] talc (Mg only for granules: hydrogen 0 3 3 to 5 anti-caking agent metasilicate) and lubricant Total (g) 100 100

[1095]

[1096] The collagen in formulation 5 is the water carrier in the formulation. This collagen is made from leather residues and has a nitrogen content of 13% by weight of collagen or in the range from 12% to 16% by weight of nitrogen per total weight of collagen. The collagen used is mid- and highly hydrolyzed. This collagen consists of amino acids linked into peptides, which include glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. If the preparation made using this formulation 5 is used in the plant growth medium and applied to the growth medium, this collagen acts as a source of nitrogen and thereby also acts as an organic fertiliser, due to its nitrogenDescription

[1097] 125

[1098] content, which is a source of fast- and medium-acting nitrogen. In addition, this collagen acts as a biostimulator for plants, containing collagen hydrolysates and increasing the resistance of plants to abiotic stress.

[1099] The bentonite in formulation 5 is the water transfer medium in the formulation. Said bentonite is the mineral montmorillonite and is a bentonite clay.

[1100] Montmorillonite is a layered silicate (phyllosilicate), which is a chemically hydrated sodium calcium aluminum magnesium silicate hydroxide. The particle diameter size of bentonite clay is in the range of 20 pm to 300 pm. In this formulation 5, calcium montmorillonite is used as produced by the Slovenian company Montana d.o.o. In a preparation prepared using the formulation 5, when used in a plant growth medium, bentonite retains water and nutrients in the growth medium and increases the cationic conductivity of the growth medium and the exchange of cations. In addition, bentonite (montmorillonite) is also a source of secondary nutrients for plants such as magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), and a source of beneficial elements for plants such as silicon (Si), aluminium (Al) and sodium (Na).

[1101] The polymer lignosulfonate in formulation 5 is a formulation carrier. In formulation 5, a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer lignosulfonate as described in the description of the invention is used. This biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate is an organic super water-absorbent polymer that has an absorption capacity of 10 g to 15 g of water per 1 g of this polymer. It is a 100% organic soil improver, which is obtained from wood derivatives and from lignin. It is presented in the form of granules with a particle size from 0.5 mm to 4 mm in diameter for more than 90% of the particles of this polymer. It is made from wood, namely from the by-products of the paper and wood pulp industries. It is used as a water storage medium in soil and in the plant growth medium, and does not contain any fertilisers or substances that would act as nutrients for plants or as phytosanitary agents. It decomposes into humus in about 10 years. After 5 years of use in soil or in the growth medium, it still retains about 80% of its water absorption efficiency. This biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate absorbs water in the presence of water, binds it in its structure, and swells to form a hydrogel, thus retaining water. In thisDescription

[1102] 126

[1103] way, it absorbs water from its surroundings in the soil or in the growth medium, whereby said water comes from rainfall or from irrigation / watering of plants, stores it, and then slowly releases it into the environment in which the roots of the plants are located during periods of drought or heat.

[1104] This formulation 5 includes fertilisers for plants, namely:

[1105] - bat guano, which is an organic fertiliser;

[1106] - potassium sulphate, which is an organic fertiliser;

[1107] - polysulphate (polyhalite), which is an organic fertiliser; and

[1108] - raw phosphate, which is an organic fertiliser.

[1109] Bat guano in formulation 5 is an organic fertiliser made using bat droppings, which has a high content of phosphorus and also contains nitrogen and potassium. This is an organic fertiliser containing nitrogen (N) at a concentration of 2% by weight to 5% by weight, phosphorus (P) at a concentration of 9% by weight to 13% by weight, and potassium (K) at a concentration of 1 % by weight to 2% by weight per weight of bat guano. When using a preparation made from formulation 5 in a plant growth medium, bat guano is a source of primary macronutrients for the plant, namely phosphorus and lower proportions of nitrogen and potassium, and micronutrients, and in addition also contains beneficial microorganisms for plants.

[1110] The magnesium stearate in formulation 5 is a lubricant or separator. In the preparation of the preparation in the form of tablets using the formulation, magnesium stearate prevents the formulation and tablets from sticking to the working or contact surfaces of the used tablet press. In the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules using the formulation, magnesium stearate prevents the formulation and granules from sticking to the working or contact surfaces of the used granulator, whereby said sticking of the formulation and granules to the working or contact surfaces of the used granulator is mainly prevented by talc used as a lubricant. Magnesium from magnesium stearate functions as a secondary macronutrient for plants in the manufactured preparation in the form of tablets or the manufactured preparation in the form of granules usedDescription

[1111] 127

[1112] in a plant growth medium. In addition, magnesium stearate in the formulation prevents the components of the formulation from sticking to each other in lumps and to the surfaces of working devices in the formulation preparation process.

[1113] This formulation 5 includes biostimulators for plants, namely:

[1114] - humic acids,

[1115] - bacteria beneficial for plants in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is the same as in formulation 2 above, and

[1116] - fungi beneficial for plants, which are mycorrhizal fungi and appear in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, and are the same as in formulation 2 above.

[1117] The humic acids in formulation 5 are a biostimulator for plants. Humic acids are natural organic polymers with carboxylic groups. In formulation 5, powdered humic acids obtained by extraction from earthworm humus, which is the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus, are used. When the preparation made using this formulation is used in a plant growth medium, these humic acids contribute to the increase of intake of macronutrients and micronutrients in the root of the plant through increased cationic exchange, to which carboxyl groups of humic acids contribute, and also increase the availability of phosphorus.

[1118] The bacterial concentrate in formulation 5 is a biostimulator for plants.

[1119] Formulation 5 uses the same bacterial concentrate as formulation 2 above. Such powdered bacterial concentrate contains 1 billion CFUs of bacteria in 1 g of this bacterial concentrate.

[1120] In one implementation of this formulation 5, this bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilisDescription

[1121] 128

[1122] and Bacillus megaterium. In another implementation of this formulation 5, said bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.

[1123] 100 g of formulation 5 for tablets contains 0.05 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 50 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 500,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria. 100 g of formulation 5 for granules contains 0.01 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 10 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 100,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria.

[1124] Mycorrhizal fungi in formulation 5 are a biostimulator for plants and are in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, which are the same as in formulation 2 above and contain viable propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, which are mycorrhizal fungi of the species Rhizoglomus irregulare, mycorrhizal fungi of the species Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium, and mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp.

[1125] 100 g of the formulation 5 contains 3 g of granules of mycorrhizal fungi,

[1126] i.e. 108 viable propagules of the aforementioned mycorrhizal fungi.

[1127] The formulation 5 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 3 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of collagen as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 3 g, i.e. 12 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of collagen as a water carrier in the formulation 5 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 3 g, compared to the comparable formulation 5 for tablets (which contains 15 g of collagen).Description

[1128] 129

[1129] Formulation 5 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1130] Formulation 5 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1131] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1132] The plant preparation made from formulation 5, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is universal and is used for the cultivation of most plants. The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1133] Implementation example 6: Formulation for plants comprising collagen, bentonite and biodegradable polymer lignosulfonate, as well as fertilisers for plants, biostimulators of humic acid, and bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1134] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 6 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[1135] Recipe for formulation 6:

[1136] Formulation 6 For tablets For

[1137] granules

[1138]

[1139] Description

[1140] 130

[1141] Area (g) or

[1142] Ingredient Quantity (g) Quantity (g) (% by Function weight)

[1143] collagen 17 14 10 to 50 water carrier water transfer bentonite 7 7 3 to 7

[1144] medium formulation carrier; biological super lignosulfonate 38.20 38.24 20 to 60

[1145] water-absorbent polymer;

[1146] bat guano 5 5 O to 50 organic fertiliser potassium

[1147] sulphate O to 50 organic fertiliser (organic) 5 5

[1148] methylene synthetic organic O to 50

[1149] urea 10 10 fertiliser ammonium

[1150] O to 50 synthetic fertiliser nitrite 10 10

[1151] triple

[1152] superphosphat O to 50 synthetic fertiliser e 5 5

[1153] lubricant and magnesium

[1154] 0.75 0.75 0.25 to 0.75 macronutrient stearate

[1155] source Mg humic acid

[1156] 1 1 1 to 5 biostimulator (powder)

[1157] for tablets:

[1158] biostimulator, bacterial 0.03 to 0.1

[1159] 0.05 0.01 bacteria beneficial concentrate For granules:

[1160] for plants 0.005 to 0.5

[1161]

[1162] Description

[1163] 131

[1164] granules of

[1165] biostimulator, fungi mycorrhizal 1 1 1 to 5

[1166] beneficial for plants fungi

[1167] talc (Mg only for granules: hydrogen 0 3 3 to 5 anti-caking agent metasilicate) and lubricant Total (g) 100 100

[1168]

[1169] The collagen in formulation 6 is the water carrier in the formulation. This collagen is the same as in formulation 5 above.

[1170] The bentonite in formulation 6 is the water transfer medium in the formulation. This bentonite is the same as in formulation 5 above.

[1171] The polymer lignosulfonate in formulation 6 is a formulation carrier. In formulation 6, a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer lignosulfonate as described in the description of the invention is used. This polymer lignosulfonate is the same as in formulation 5 above.

[1172] This formulation 6 includes fertilisers for plants, namely:

[1173] - bat guano, which is an organic fertiliser;

[1174] - potassium sulphate, which is an organic fertiliser;

[1175] - methylene urea, which is a synthetic organic fertiliser;

[1176] - ammonium nitrate, which is a synthetic fertiliser; and

[1177] - triple superphosphate, which is a synthetic fertiliser.

[1178] Bat guano in formulation 6 is an organic fertiliser from bat droppings and is the same as in formulation 5 above.

[1179] Magnesium stearate in formulation 6 is a lubricant or separator and is the same as in formulation 5 above. In addition, magnesium stearate in the formulationDescription

[1180] 132

[1181] prevents the components of the formulation from sticking to each other in lumps and to the surfaces of working devices in the formulation preparation process.

[1182] This formulation 6 includes biostimulators for plants, namely:

[1183] - humic acids, which are the same as in formulation 5 above,

[1184] - bacteria beneficial for plants in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is the same as in formulation 2 above, and

[1185] - fungi beneficial for plants, which are mycorrhizal fungi and appear in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, and are the same as in formulation 2 above.

[1186] The humic acids in formulation 6 are a biostimulator for plants. In formulation 6, the same humic acids as in formulation 5 are used, i.e. in powdered form and obtained by extraction from earthworm humus, which is the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus.

[1187] The bacterial concentrate in formulation 6 is a biostimulator for plants.

[1188] Formulation 6 uses the same bacterial concentrate as formulation 2 above. Such powdered bacterial concentrate contains 1 billion CFUs of bacteria in 1 g of this bacterial concentrate.

[1189] In one implementation of this formulation 6, this bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. In another implementation of this formulation 6, said bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.Description

[1190] 133

[1191] 100 g of formulation 6 for tablets contains 0.05 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 50 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 500,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria. 100 g of formulation 6 for granules contains 0.01 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 10 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 100,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria.

[1192] Mycorrhizal fungi in formulation 6 are biostimulants for plants and are in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, which are the same as in formulation 2 above, except that they are used in the amount of 1 g of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi per 100 g of formulation in formulation 6, which means that there are 36 viable propagules of mycorrhizal fungi in 100 grams of this formulation. These clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain viable propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, which are mycorrhizal fungi of the species Rhizoglomus irregulare, mycorrhizal fungi of the species Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium, and mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp.

[1193] The formulation 6 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 3 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of collagen as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 3 g, i.e. 14 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of collagen as a water carrier in the formulation 6 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 3 g, compared to the comparable formulation 6 for tablets (which contains 17 g of collagen).

[1194] Formulation 6 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.Description

[1195] 134

[1196] Formulation 6 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1197] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1198] The plant preparation made from formulation 6, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is universal and is used for the cultivation of most plants. The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1199] Implementation example 7: Formulation for plants comprising earthworm humus, clay, bentonite and potassium polyacrylate, as well as fertilisers for plants, biostimulators of humic acid, and bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1200] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 7 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[1201] Recipe for formulation 7:

[1202] Formulation 7 For tablets For granules

[1203] Area (g) or

[1204] Ingredient Quantity (g) Quantity (g) (% by Function weight)

[1205] earthworm

[1206] 10 7 7 to 15 water carrier humus

[1207] water transfer clay 2.8 2.8 2 to 5

[1208] medium

[1209]

[1210] Description

[1211] 135

[1212] bentonite

[1213] water transfer (montmorillonite 3.5 3.5 3 to 5

[1214] medium

[1215] )

[1216] formulation potassium

[1217] 29.95 29.99 30 to 50 carrier; hydrogel polyacrylate

[1218] polymer magnesium

[1219] 5 to 20 fertiliser (Mg, S) sulphate 5.95 5.95

[1220] fertiliser (N, P, K, Osmocote® 5-6

[1221] 10 to 40 Mg, B, Cu, Fe, fertiliser

[1222] 38 38 Mn, Mo, Zn) iron chelate 5 5 3 to 8 fertiliser (Fe)

[1223] lubricant and magnesium

[1224] 0.75 0.75 0.25 to 0.75 macronutrient stearate

[1225] source Mg humic acid

[1226] 2 2 1 to 5 biostimulator (powder)

[1227] for tablets:

[1228] 0.03 to 0.1 biostimulator, bacterial

[1229] 0.05 0.01 For bacteria beneficial concentrate

[1230] granules: for plants 0.005 to 0.5

[1231] granules of biostimulator, mycorrhizal 2 2 1 to 5 fungi beneficial for fungi plants

[1232] talc (Mg only for granules: hydrogen 0 3 3 to 5 anti-caking agent metasilicate) and lubricant Total (g) 100 100

[1233]

[1234] Description

[1235] 136

[1236] The earthworm humus (vermicompost) in formulation 7 is the water carrier in the formulation. This earthworm humus is the same as in formulation 3 above. This earthworm hummus is the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus.

[1237] Formulation 7 contains a combination of two water transfer media in the formulation, i.e. a combination of clay and bentonite (montmorillonite).

[1238] The clay in formulation 7 is the water transfer medium in the formulation. This clay in formulation 7 is the same as the clay in formulation 3. Its particle diameter size is in the range of 5 μm to 300 μm.

[1239] The bentonite (montmorillonite) in formulation 7 is an additional water transfer medium in the formulation, in addition to clay. This bentonite is the same as the bentonite in formulation 5 above. It is the mineral montmorillonite with a particle size of bentonite clay in the particle diameter range from 20 pm to 300 pm, and is the montmorillonite as produced by the Slovenian company Montana d.o.o.

[1240] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 7 is a hydrogel polymer as described in the description of the invention, and is the same as in formulation 3 above. A potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 100 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 150 times its dry weight, is used.

[1241] This formulation 7 includes fertilisers for plants, namely:

[1242] - magnesium sulphate;

[1243] - fertiliser with the trade name Osmocote® 5-6; and

[1244] - iron chelate.Description

[1245] 137

[1246] The fertiliser with the trade name Osmocote® 5-6 in formulation 7 is a controlled-release plant fertiliser containing the primary nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), the secondary nutrient magnesium (Mg), and trace elements boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). These elements are present in Osmocote® 5-6 in weight percentages by weight of this product:

[1247] - nitrogen N 16% by weight (total nitrogen), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO 3) 7.2% by weight and ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4) 8.8% by weight;

[1248] - phosphorus P in the form of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 8% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide P₂O₅ 6% by weight and elemental phosphorus P 3.5% by weight, of which water-soluble phosphorus 2.6% by weight;

[1249] - potassium K in the form of potassium oxide (K2O) 12% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide K2O 12% by weight, and elemental potassium K 10% by weight, of which water-soluble potassium 10% by weight;

[1250] - magnesium Mg in the form of magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.2% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide MgO 0.6% by weight, and elemental magnesium Mg 1.3% by weight, of which water-soluble magnesium 0.3% by weight; - boron B 0.01 % by weight, of which water-soluble boron 0.01 % by weight; - copper Cu 0.015% by weight, of which water-soluble copper 0.015% by weight, of which copper EDTA (Cu-EDTA) 0.015% by weight;

[1251] - iron Fe 0.3% by weight, of which water-soluble iron Fe 0.3% by weight, of which iron EDTA (Fe-EDTA) 0.3% by weight;

[1252] - manganese Mn 0.05% by weight, of which water-soluble manganese 0.05% by weight, of which manganese EDTA (Mn-EDTA) 0.05% by weight;

[1253] - molybdenum Mo 0.01 % by weight, of which water-soluble molybdenum 0.01% by weight, and

[1254] - zinc Zn 0.012% by weight, of which water-soluble zinc 0.012% by weight, of which zinc EDTA (Zn-EDTA) 0.012% by weight.

[1255] Osmocote® 5-6 allows controlled slow release of plant nutrients or fertilisers over a period of 5-6 months. Osmocote® 5-6 is manufactured by the Dutch company ICL Growing Solutions (Dead Sea Works Ltd. and Everris International B. V.).Description

[1256] 138

[1257] The iron chelate in formulation 7 is a micronutrient for the plant. The iron chelate in this formulation is chelated iron, which is the iron chelate of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and is in the form of microgranules. The iron (Fe) chelate used is 13% chelated iron EDTA containing 13 g of iron (Fe) in 100 g of chelated iron with EDTA. When the preparation made using this formulation is used in a plant growth medium, iron chelate improves the bioavailability of iron for the plant, whereby iron is a micronutrient for the plant. Unlike non-chelate forms of iron, in which iron is washed away from the root of the plant due to an increased humidity of the growth medium, or which contains a higher degree of limestone due to an increased water hardness, or where iron is less available to the plant due to an increased alkalinity (a higher pH value) of the growth medium, the chelate forms of iron are still available to the roots of the plant and are released from the chelated complex. In an alkaline medium or in hard water, iron binds to other anions (e.g. to carbonate) and is no longer available to be absorbed into plant roots.

[1258] Magnesium stearate in formulation 7 is a lubricant or separator and is the same as in formulation 5 above. In addition, magnesium stearate in the formulation prevents the components of the formulation from sticking to each other in lumps and to the surfaces of working devices in the formulation preparation process.

[1259] This formulation 7 includes biostimulators for plants, namely:

[1260] - humic acids, which are the same as in formulation 5 above,

[1261] - bacteria beneficial for plants in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is the same as in formulation 2 above, and

[1262] - fungi beneficial for plants, which are mycorrhizal fungi and appear in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, and are the same as in formulation 2 above.

[1263] The humic acids in formulation 7 are a biostimulator for plants. In formulation 7, the same humic acids as in formulation 5 are used, i.e. in powdered form and obtained by extraction from earthworm humus, which is the compost processedDescription

[1264] 139

[1265] with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus.

[1266] The bacterial concentrate in formulation 7 is a biostimulator for plants.

[1267] Formulation 7 uses the same bacterial concentrate as formulation 2 above. Such powdered bacterial concentrate contains 1 billion CFUs of bacteria in 1 g of this bacterial concentrate.

[1268] In one implementation of this formulation 7, this bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. In another implementation of this formulation 7, said bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.

[1269] 100 g of formulation for tablets contains 0.05 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 50 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 500,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria. 100 g of formulation 7 for granules contains 0.01 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 10 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 100,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria.

[1270] Mycorrhizal fungi in formulation 7 are biostimulants for plants and are in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, which are the same as in formulation 2 above, except that they are used in the amount of 2 g of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi per 100 g of formulation in formulation 7, which means that there are 72 viable propagules of mycorrhizal fungi in 100 grams of this formulation. These clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain viable propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, which are mycorrhizal fungi of the species RhizoglomusDescription

[1271] 140

[1272] irregulare, mycorrhizal fungi of the species Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium, and mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp.

[1273] The formulation 7 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 3 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 3 g, i.e. 7 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier in the formulation 7 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 3 g, compared to the comparable formulation 7 for tablets (which contains 10 g of earthworm humus).

[1274] Formulation 7 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1275] Formulation 7 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1276] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1277] In both processes of preparation of the formulation 7, i.e. in the process of preparation of the formulation for further preparation of the preparation in the form of granules and in the process of preparation of the formulation for further preparation of the preparation in the form of tablets, both water transfer media in the formulation (i.e. clay and bentonite) are added at the same time during Step 4: Mixing the water transfer medium in the formulation into the mixture of water carrier and added water that was prepared earlier (in Step 3).Description

[1278] 141

[1279] Plant preparation made using formulation 7, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is used for growing conifers, evergreen plants and flowering plants because it has a higher proportion of magnesium, where magnesium prevents needles and leaves of evergreen plants and shrubs, which fall off after two to three years, from falling off prematurely, and where magnesium prevents the flower stems from falling off, and also increases the metabolism of the plant because it acts using mitochondria, making the plants darker in colour and more resistant. The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1280] Implementation example 8: Formulation for plants comprising earthworm humus, clay and potassium polyacrylate, and plant fertilisers for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1281] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 8 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[1282] Recipe for formulation 8:

[1283] Formulation 8 For For

[1284] tablets granule

[1285] s

[1286] Area (g) or

[1287] Quantit Quantity

[1288] Ingredient (% by Function

[1289] y(g) (g)

[1290] weight)

[1291] earthworm humus 17 12 10 to 30 water carrier

[1292] clay 3 3 2 to 5 water transfer medium potassium formulation carrier;

[1293] 40 40 10 to 40

[1294] polyacrylate hydrogel polymer

[1295]

[1296] Description

[1297] 142

[1298] fertiliser fertiliser (N, P, K, Mg, B,

[1299] 10 to 40

[1300] Osmocote® 5-6 40 40 Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn) only for granules: antitalc (Mg hydrogen

[1301] 0 5 3 to 5 caking agent and metasilicate)

[1302] lubricant

[1303] Total (g) 100 100

[1304]

[1305] The earthworm humus (vermicompost) in formulation 8 is the water carrier in the formulation, and is the same as in formulation 3 above. This earthworm hummus is the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus.

[1306] The clay in formulation 8 is a water transfer medium, and is the same as in formulation 3 above. This clay has a particle diameter size in the range of 5 μm to 300 μm.

[1307] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 8 is a hydrogel polymer as described in the description of the invention, and is the same as in formulation 3 above. A potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 100 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 150 times its dry weight, is used.

[1308] Formulation 8 comprises the plant fertiliser with the trade name Osmocote® 5-6, which is a controlled-release plant fertiliser containing the primary nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), the secondary nutrient magnesium (Mg), and trace elements boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). These elements are present in Osmocote® 5-6 in weight percentages by weight of this product:

[1309] - nitrogen N 16% by weight (total nitrogen), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO 3) 7.2% by weight and ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH4) 8.8% by weight;Description

[1310] 143

[1311] - phosphorus P in the form of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 8% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide P₂O₅ 6% by weight and elemental phosphorus P 3.5% by weight, of which water-soluble phosphorus 2.6% by weight;

[1312] - potassium K in the form of potassium oxide (K2O) 12% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide K2O 12% by weight, and elemental potassium K 10% by weight, of which water-soluble potassium 10% by weight;

[1313] - magnesium Mg in the form of magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.2% by weight, of which water-soluble oxide MgO 0.6% by weight, and elemental magnesium Mg 1.3% by weight, of which water-soluble magnesium 0.3% by weight; - boron B 0.01 % by weight, of which water-soluble boron 0.01 % by weight; - copper Cu 0.015% by weight, of which water-soluble copper 0.015% by weight, of which copper EDTA (Cu-EDTA) 0.015% by weight;

[1314] - iron Fe 0.3% by weight, of which water-soluble iron Fe 0.3% by weight, of which iron EDTA (Fe-EDTA) 0.3% by weight;

[1315] - manganese Mn 0.05% by weight, of which water-soluble manganese 0.05% by weight, of which manganese EDTA (Mn-EDTA) 0.05% by weight;

[1316] - molybdenum Mo 0.01 % by weight, of which water-soluble molybdenum 0.01% by weight, and

[1317] - zinc Zn 0.012% by weight, of which water-soluble zinc 0.012% by weight, of which zinc EDTA (Zn-EDTA) 0.012% by weight.

[1318] Osmocote® 5-6 allows controlled slow release of plant nutrients or fertilisers over a period of 5-6 months. Osmocote® 5-6 is manufactured by the Dutch company ICL Growing Solutions (Dead Sea Works Ltd. and Everris International B. V.).

[1319] The formulation 8 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 5 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 5 g, i.e. 12 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier in the formulation 8 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 5 g, compared to the comparable formulation 8 for tablets (which contains 17 g of earthworm humus).Description

[1320] 144

[1321] Formulation 8 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1322] Formulation 8 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1323] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1324] The plant preparation made from formulation 8, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is universal and is used for the cultivation of most plants. The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1325] Implementation example 9: Formulation for plants comprising earthworm humus, clay and potassium polyacrylate, as well as fertilisers for plants, biostimulators of bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1326] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 9 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[1327] Recipe for formulation 9:

[1328] Formulation 9 For tablets For granules

[1329]

[1330] Description

[1331] 145

[1332] Area (g) or

[1333] Quantity

[1334] Ingredient Quantity (g) (% by Function

[1335] (g)

[1336] weight)

[1337] earthworm

[1338] 17 12 10 to 30 water carrier humus

[1339] water transfer clay 3 3 2 to 5

[1340] medium formulation potassium

[1341] 37.95 37.99 10 to 40 carrier; hydrogel polyacrylate

[1342] polymer fertiliser (N, P, K, Osmocote® 5-6

[1343] 10 to 40 Mg, B, Cu, Fe, fertiliser

[1344] 40 40 Mn, Mo, Zn)

[1345] for tablets:

[1346] biostimulator, bacterial 0.03 to 0.1

[1347] 0.05 0.01 bacteria beneficial concentrate For granules:

[1348] for plants 0.005 to 0.5

[1349] biostimulator, granules of

[1350] 2 2 1 to 5 fungi beneficial for mycorrhizal fungi

[1351] plants

[1352] talc (Mg only for granules: hydrogen 0 5 3 to 5 anti-caking agent metasilicate) and lubricant Total (g) 100 100

[1353]

[1354] The earthworm humus (vermicompost) in formulation 9 is the water carrier in the formulation, and is the same as in formulation 8 and in formulation 3 above.

[1355] The clay in formulation 9 is a water transfer medium, and is the same as in formulation 8 and in formulation 3 above.Description

[1356] 146

[1357] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 8 is a hydrogel polymer as described in the description of the invention, and is the same as in formulation 8 and in formulation 3 above.

[1358] Formulation 9 comprises the plant fertiliser with the trade name Osmocote® 5-6, which is a controlled-release plant fertiliser and is the same as in formulation 8 above.

[1359] This formulation 9 includes biostimulators for plants, namely:

[1360] - bacteria beneficial for plants in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is the same as in formulation 2 above, and

[1361] - fungi beneficial for plants, which are mycorrhizal fungi and appear in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, and are the same as in formulation 2 above.

[1362] The bacterial concentrate in formulation 9 is a biostimulator for plants.

[1363] Formulation 9 uses the same bacterial concentrate as formulation 2 above. Such powdered bacterial concentrate contains 1 billion CFUs of bacteria in 1 g of this bacterial concentrate.

[1364] In one implementation of this formulation 9, this bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. In another implementation of this formulation 9, said bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis. 100 g of formulation 9 for tablets contains 0.05 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 50 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 500,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria. 100 g of formulation 9 for granules contains 0.01 gDescription

[1365] 147

[1366] of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 10 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 100,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria.

[1367] Mycorrhizal fungi in formulation 9 are biostimulants for plants and are in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, which are the same as in formulation 2 above, and are used in the amount of 2 g of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi per 100 g of formulation in formulation 9, which means that there are 72 viable propagules of mycorrhizal fungi in 100 grams of this formulation. These clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain viable propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, which are mycorrhizal fungi of the species Rhizoglomus irregulare, mycorrhizal fungi of the species Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium, and mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp.

[1368] The formulation 9 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 5 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 5 g, i.e. 12 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of earthworm humus as a water carrier in the formulation 9 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 5 g, compared to the comparable formulation 9 for tablets (which contains 17 g of earthworm humus).

[1369] Formulation 9 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1370] Formulation 9 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets,Description

[1371] 148

[1372] as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1373] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1374] The plant preparation made from formulation 9, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is universal and is used for the cultivation of most plants. The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1375] Implementation example 10: Formulation for plants comprising collagen, bat guano, clay and potassium polyacrylate, and plant fertilisers and biostimulator alginate for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1376] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 10 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[1377] Recipe for formulation 10:

[1378] Formulation 10 For For

[1379] tablets granule

[1380] s

[1381] Area (g) or

[1382] Quantit Quantity

[1383] Ingredient (% by Function

[1384] y(g) (g)

[1385] weight)

[1386] collagen 30 25 20 to 40 water carrier

[1387] water carrier; fertiliser bat guano 5 5 5 to 20

[1388] (P, N);

[1389] clay 9.3 9.3 5 to 15 water transfer medium potassium formulation carrier;

[1390] 35 35 20 to 50

[1391] polyacrylate hydrogel polymer

[1392]

[1393] Description

[1394] 149

[1395] horn meal 10 10 5 to 15 fertiliser (N, P) magnesium lubricant; macronutrient 0.25 to 0.75

[1396] stearate 0.7 0.7 source Mg

[1397] alginate 10 10 5 to 15 biostimulator

[1398] only for granules: antitalc (Mg hydrogen

[1399] 0 5 3 to 5 caking agent and metasilicate)

[1400] lubricant

[1401] Total (g) 100 100

[1402]

[1403] Formulation 10 contains a combination of two water transfer media in the formulation, i.e. a combination of collagen and bat guano.

[1404] The collagen in formulation 10 is the water carrier in the formulation. The collagen in formulation 10 is the same as the collagen in formulation 5 above. This collagen is made from leather residues and has a nitrogen content of 13% by weight of collagen or in the range from 12% to 16% by weight of nitrogen per total weight of collagen. The collagen used is mid- and highly hydrolyzed. This collagen consists of amino acids linked into peptides, which include glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. If the preparation made using this formulation 10 is used in the plant growth medium and applied to the growth medium, this collagen acts as a source of nitrogen and thereby also acts as an organic fertiliser, due to its nitrogen content, which is a source of fast- and medium-acting nitrogen. In addition, this collagen acts as a biostimulator for plants, containing collagen hydrolysates and increasing the resistance of plants to abiotic stress.

[1405] The bat guano in formulation 10 is a water carrier in the formulation, which is an additional water carrier in addition to collagen. This bat guano is the same as in formulation 5 above and is, in addition to being a water carrier, also an organic fertiliser in formulation 10. It is obtained from bat droppings and has a high phosphorus content, also containing nitrogen and potassium. This is also an organic fertiliser containing nitrogen (N) at a concentration of 2% by weight to 5% by weight, phosphorus (P) at a concentration of 9% by weight to 13% by weight,Description

[1406] 150

[1407] and potassium (K) at a concentration of 1 % by weight to 2% by weight per weight of bat guano. When using a preparation made from formulation 10 in a plant growth medium, bat guano is a source of primary macronutrients for the plant, namely phosphorus and lower proportions of nitrogen and potassium, and micronutrients, and in addition also contains beneficial microorganisms for plants.

[1408] The clay in formulation 10 is a water transfer medium. This clay is the same as clay in formulation 3 above. Its particle diameter size is in the range of 5 μm to 300 μm.

[1409] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 10 is a hydrogel polymer as described in the description of the invention, and is the same as in formulation 3 above. A potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 100 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 150 times its dry weight, is used.

[1410] Formulation 10 contains plant fertiliser, i.e. horn meal. The horn meal in formulation 10 is an organic fertiliser. It is derived from horns and hooves of equidae, and contains nitrogen and a small portion of potassium and phosphorous. Hom meal contains up to 12% by weight of nitrogen per its own weight, with a long-term action of 2 to 4 months, and is therefore a long-lasting source of nitrogen for plants. This horn meal is obtained from cooked and ground horns and hooves of equidae.

[1411] Magnesium stearate in formulation 10 is a lubricant or separator and is the same as in formulation 5 above. In addition, magnesium stearate in the formulation prevents the components of the formulation from sticking to each other in lumps and to the surfaces of working devices in the formulation preparation process.

[1412] Formulation 10 further contains alginate as a biostimulator for plants. This alginate is sodium alginate, which is an extract of brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosumDescription

[1413] 151

[1414] and contains polysaccharides and amino acids. Alginates have an anti-stress effect on plants. Polyanionic groups of polysaccharides contribute to the binding and exchange of cations. When the preparation made using this formulation is applied into the plant growth medium, the polysaccharides of alginate absorb water, bind it, and retain it in their structure, and form a hydrogel in the presence of water, so that this water is then available to the roots of plants in the dry season. Sodium alginate in the growth medium contributes to the slow release of nutrients and improves the structure of the growth medium. Polysaccharides of alginate contribute to the supply of macronutrients and micronutrients to the roots of the plant, and to the ventilation of the growth medium.

[1415] The formulation 10 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 5 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of collagen as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 5 g, i.e. 25 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of collagen as a water carrier in the formulation 10 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 5 g, compared to the comparable formulation 10 for tablets (which contains 30 g of collagen).

[1416] Formulation 10 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1417] Formulation 10 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1418] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.Description

[1419] 152

[1420] In both processes of preparation of the formulation 10, i.e. in the process of preparation of the formulation for further preparation of the preparation in the form of granules and in the process of preparation of the formulation for further preparation of the preparation in the form of tablets, both water carriers in the formulation (i.e. collagen and bat guano) are prepared at the same time during Step 3: Preparation of the water carrier in the formulation, where they are added into the mixer, after which water in the amount of added water weight in the formulation is added to them during mixing and, after Step 3, the water transfer medium in the formulation, which is clay, is then added in the following Step 4.

[1421] A plant preparation made from formulation 10, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is used for growth media and soil for growing seedlings of vegetables, berries (e.g. high bush blueberry, chokeberry, currant, raspberry, gooseberry), ornamental plants and seedlings of fruit trees (e.g. pear, apple, cherry, peach, apricot, fig, quince, kiwi). The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1422] Implementation example 11: Formulation for plants comprising collagen, bat guano, clay and potassium polyacrylate, and plant fertilisers and biostimulators alginate and mycorrhizal fungi for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1423] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 11 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in the form of granules (for granules).

[1424] Recipe for formulation 11:

[1425] Formulation 1 For For

[1426] 1 tablets granules

[1427] Quantity Quantity Area (g) or (%

[1428] Ingredient Function

[1429] (g) (g) by weight)

[1430]

[1431] Description

[1432] 153

[1433] collagen 30 25 20 to 40 water carrier water carrier; bat guano 5 5 5 to 20

[1434] fertiliser (P, N); water transfer clay 9.3 9.3 5 to 15

[1435] medium potassium formulation carrier;

[1436] 32.97 32.995 20 to 50

[1437] polyacrylate hydrogel polymer horn meal 10 10 5 to 15 fertiliser (N, P)

[1438] lubricant; magnesium

[1439] 0.25 to 0.75 macronutrient source stearate

[1440] 0.7 0.7 Mg

[1441] alginate 10 10 5 to 15 biostimulator

[1442] for tablets:

[1443] biostimulator, bacterial 0.03 to 0.1

[1444] 0.03 0.005 bacteria beneficial concentrate for granules:

[1445] for plants

[1446] 0.005 to 0.5

[1447] granules of

[1448] biostimulator, fungi mycorrhizal 2 2 1 to 5

[1449] beneficial for plants fungi

[1450] talc (Mg only for granules: hydrogen 0 5 3 to 5 anti-caking agent metasilicate) and lubricant Total (g) 100 100

[1451]

[1452] Formulation 11 contains a combination of two water transfer media in the formulation, i.e. a combination of collagen and bat guano, the same as in formulation 10 above.

[1453] The collagen in formulation 11 is the water carrier in the formulation. The collagen in formulation 11 is the same as the collagen in formulation 10 and in formulation 5 above. This collagen is made from leather residues and has a nitrogen content ofDescription

[1454] 154

[1455] 13% by weight of collagen or in the range from 12% to 16% by weight of nitrogen per total weight of collagen. The collagen used is mid- and highly hydrolyzed.

[1456] The bat guano in formulation 11 is a water carrier in the formulation, which is an additional water carrier in addition to collagen. This bat guano is the same as in formulation 10 and in formulation 5 above. In addition to functioning as a water carrier in formulation 11, bat guano is also an organic fertiliser. It is obtained from bat droppings and has a high phosphorus content, also containing nitrogen and potassium.

[1457] The clay in formulation 11 is a water transfer medium. This clay is the same as the clay in formulation 10 and in formulation 3 above. Its particle diameter size is in the range of 5 μm to 300 μm.

[1458] The potassium polyacrylate in formulation 11 is a hydrogel polymer as described in the description of the invention, and is the same as in formulation 10 and in formulation 3 above. A potassium polyacrylate polymer, which absorbs water in the amount of from 200 times to 300 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 100 times its dry weight or which absorbs water in the amount of up to 150 times its dry weight, is used.

[1459] Formulation 11 contains plant fertiliser, i.e. horn meal. The horn meal in formulation 11 is an organic fertiliser and is the same as in formulation 10 above. It is derived from horns and hooves of equidae, and contains nitrogen and a small portion of potassium and phosphorous.

[1460] The magnesium stearate in formulation 11 is a lubricant or separator and is the same as in formulation 10 and in formulation 5 above. In addition, magnesium stearate in the formulation prevents the components of the formulation from sticking to each other in lumps and to the surfaces of working devices in the formulation preparation process.Description

[1461] 155

[1462] Formulation 11 further contains biostimulators for plants, namely:

[1463] - alginate, which is the same as in formulation 10 above;

[1464] - bacteria beneficial for plants in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is the same as in formulation 2 above, and

[1465] - fungi beneficial for plants, which are mycorrhizal fungi and appear in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, and are the same as in formulation 2 above.

[1466] The alginate in formulation 11 is a biostimulator for plants. In formulation 11, the same alginate as in formulation 10 above is used, i.e. sodium alginate, which is an extract of brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and contains polysaccharides and amino acids.

[1467] The bacterial concentrate in formulation 11 is a biostimulator for plants.

[1468] Formulation 11 uses the same bacterial concentrate as formulation 2 above. Such powdered bacterial concentrate contains 1 billion CFUs of bacteria in 1 g of this bacterial concentrate.

[1469] In one implementation of this formulation 11, this bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. In another implementation of this formulation 11, said bacterial concentrate contains bacteria of the species Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis.

[1470] 100 g of formulation 11 for tablets contains 0.03 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 30 million CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 300,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria. 100 g of formulation 11 for granules contains 0.005 g of powdered bacterial concentrate and thereby contains 5 million CFUs of the aforementionedDescription

[1471] 156

[1472] bacteria, while 1 g of this formulation contains 50,000 CFUs of the aforementioned bacteria.

[1473] Mycorrhizal fungi in formulation 11 are biostimulants for plants and are in the form of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, which are the same as in formulation 2 above, except that they are used in the amount of 2 g of clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi per 100 g of formulation in formulation 11, which means that there are 72 viable propagules of mycorrhizal fungi in 100 grams of this formulation. These clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain viable propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, which are mycorrhizal fungi of the species Rhizoglomus irregulare, mycorrhizal fungi of the species Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium, and mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp.

[1474] The formulation 11 for granules described herein contains talc as a lubricant, which is the same as in the aforementioned formulation 1, in the amount of 5 g per 100 g of the formulation, and therefore contains an amount of collagen as a water carrier which is reduced by the same amount of 5 g, i.e. 25 g per 100 g of the formulation. This amount of collagen as a water carrier in the formulation 11 for granules is reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added, i.e. by 5 g, compared to the comparable formulation 11 for tablets (which contains 30 g of collagen).

[1475] Formulation 11 for the preparation of the preparation in the form of granules is prepared in steps of the Process of preparation of formulation for plants and preparation for plants in the form of granules, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13A-2, as described above in the description of the invention.

[1476] Formulation 11 for the manufacture of the preparation in the form of tablets is prepared according to the steps of the Process of preparation of the formulation for plants and the manufacture of the preparation for plants in the form of tablets, as described above, in steps from 1 up to and including 13 and in step 13B:

[1477] Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, including steps 13B-1 and 13B-2, as described above in the description of the invention.Description

[1478] 157

[1479] In both processes of preparation of the formulation 11 (similarly to both processes of the preparation of formulation 10), i.e. in the process of preparation of the formulation for further preparation of the preparation in the form of granules and in the process of preparation of the formulation for further preparation of the preparation in the form of tablets, both water carriers in the formulation

[1480] (i.e. collagen and bat guano) are prepared at the same time during Step 3:

[1481] Preparation of the water carrier in the formulation, where they are added into the mixer, after which water in the amount of added water weight in the formulation is added to them during mixing and, after Step 3, the water transfer medium in the formulation, which is clay, is then added in the following Step 4.

[1482] A plant preparation made from formulation 11, either in the form of granules or in the form of tablets, is used for growth media and soil for growing seedlings of vegetables, berries (e.g. high bush blueberry, chokeberry, currant, raspberry, gooseberry), ornamental plants and seedlings of fruit trees (e.g. pear, apple, cherry, peach, apricot, fig, quince, kiwi). The exception is the process of hydroponic cultivation of plants, where this preparation is not used.

[1483] Implementation example 12: Formulation for plants comprising collagen, clay and potassium polyacrylate, and mycorrhizal fungi as a plant fertiliser and biostimulator, for the preparation of a preparation in the form of tablets and in the form of granules

[1484] The recipe describes the ingredients for formulation 12 for preparing a preparation in the form of tablets (for tablets) and for preparing a preparation in ...

Claims

Claims1Claims1. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of tablets, whereby said formulation contains the following ingredients:a formulation carrier selected from the group consisting of potassium polyacrylate, which is a super water-absorbent polymer, and lignosulfonate, which is a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer, where said super water-absorbent polymer absorbs water in the presence of water and forms a hydrogel in combination with water; a water carrier in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water carrier”), which is selected from the group consisting of vermiculite, earthworm humus, collagen, and bat guano, and a combination of two water carriers listed herein, to which water is first added in the process of preparation of the formulation (hereinafter referred to as “added water”);a water transfer medium in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water transfer medium”), which is selected from the group consisting of clay, bentonite and zeolite, and a combination of two water transfer mediums listed herein, which is mixed with the water carrier with added water during the preparation of the formulation;characterised in thatin the process of preparation of the formulation, a previously prepared mixture of said water carrier with added water and said water transfer medium is mixed and added to said formulation carrier,whereby the target water content in the formulation for the manufacture of tablets is from 13% to 19% by weight of water per weight of the formulation, whereby this is the target weight % of water in the formulation for the manufacture of tablets.Claims22. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of tablets, whereby said formulation contains the following ingredients:a formulation carrier selected from the group consisting of potassium polyacrylate, which is a super water-absorbent polymer, and lignosulfonate, which is a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer, where said super water-absorbent polymer absorbs water in the presence of water and forms a hydrogel in combination with water; a water carrier in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water carrier”), which is clay and to which water is first added in the process of preparation of the formulation (hereinafter referred to as “added water”);a water transfer medium in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water transfer medium”), which is selected from the group consisting of zeolite and bentonite, which is mixed with the water carrier with added water during the preparation of the formulation;characterised in thatin the process of preparation of the formulation, a previously prepared mixture of said water carrier with added water and said water transfer medium is mixed and added to said formulation carrier,whereby the target water content in the formulation for the manufacture of tablets is from 13% to 19% by weight of water per weight of the formulation, whereby this is the target weight % of water in the formulation for the manufacture of tablets.Claims33. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of granules, whereby said formulation contains the following ingredients:a formulation carrier selected from the group consisting of potassium polyacrylate, which is a super water-absorbent polymer, and lignosulfonate, which is a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer, where said super water-absorbent polymer absorbs water in the presence of water and forms a hydrogel in combination with water; a water carrier in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water carrier”), which is selected from the group consisting of vermiculite, earthworm humus, collagen, and bat guano, and a combination of two water carriers listed herein, to which water is first added in the process of preparation of the formulation (hereinafter referred to as “added water”);a water transfer medium in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water transfer medium”), which is selected from the group consisting of clay, bentonite and zeolite, and a combination of two water transfer mediums listed herein, which is mixed with the water carrier with added water during the preparation of the formulation;characterised in thatin the process of preparation of the formulation, a previously prepared mixture of said water carrier with added water and said water transfer medium is mixed and added to said formulation carrier,whereby the target water content in the formulation for the manufacture of granules is from 3% to 6% by weight of water per weight of the formulation, whereby this is the target weight % of water in the formulation for the manufacture of granules.Claims44. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which a preparation for plants is made in the form of granules, whereby said formulation contains the following ingredients:a formulation carrier selected from the group consisting of potassium polyacrylate, which is a super water-absorbent polymer, and lignosulfonate, which is a biodegradable super water-absorbent polymer, where said super water-absorbent polymer absorbs water in the presence of water and forms a hydrogel in combination with water; a water carrier in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water carrier”), which is clay and to which water is first added in the process of preparation of the formulation (hereinafter referred to as “added water”);a water transfer medium in the formulation (hereinafter referred to as the “water transfer medium”), which is selected from the group consisting of zeolite and bentonite, which is mixed with the water carrier with added water during the preparation of the formulation;characterised in thatin the process of preparation of the formulation, a previously prepared mixture of said water carrier with added water and said water transfer medium is mixed and added to said formulation carrier,whereby the target water content in the formulation for the manufacture of granules is from 3% to 6% by weight of water per weight of the formulation, whereby this is the target weight % of water in the formulation for the manufacture of granules.

5. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants, pursuant to any one of the previous claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterised in that:Claims5- each component of the formulation has an initial weight of water, which is calculated on the basis of the weight of each ingredient in the formulation and the measurement of the water content in each ingredient with a substance moisture meter, whereby the water content in each ingredient of the formulation is measured in weight % of water in each ingredient, where these are weight % of water per weight of each ingredient, including the water it contains, and this measurement is carried out at the beginning of the formulation preparation process, where the initial weight of water in each ingredient of the formulation is calculated as the product of the stated weight of each ingredient in the formulation and weight % of water in this individual ingredient, pursuant to the following Formula 1:(% by weight of water in (Weight of each individual Initial weight of water in each individual ingredient) X ingredient, including water (g)) each individual ingredient (g) = - 100%- where the initial weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the sum of the initial weights of water of the individual components in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 2:Initial weight of water (Initial weight of water + (Initial weight of water +.. J (Initial weight of water in the formulation (g) = in ingredient 1 (g)) in ingredient 2 (g)) in ingredient n (g)) where 1, 2 or n means an individual ingredient in the formulation;- where the target weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the product of the weight of the formulation, including the water it contains, where the weight of the formulation is the sum of the weights of the individual components in the formulation, and the target weight % of water in the formulation, pursuant to the following Formula 3:Claims6(Target % by weight of (Weight of the formulation, Target weight of water water in the formulation) X including water (g )) in the formulation (g) =100%- where the added weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the difference between the target weight of water in the formulation and the initial weight of water in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 4:Added weight of water (Target weight of water (Initial weight of water in the formulation (g) = in the formulation (g)) in the formulation (g))- whereby the added water in the quantity of the aforementioned calculated added weight of water in the formulation is first added to the aforementioned water carrier under constant stirring in order to obtain a homogeneous mixture of water carrier and added water, whereby this water is deionized and filtered using a UV filter in order to sterilize the water and to destroy potential microorganisms in this water;- whereby the aforementioned water transfer medium is then added to said water carrier with the added weight of water, which is in the form of a homogeneous mixture of water carrier and added water, under constant stirring, so that the water from the water carrier passes into the water transfer medium and is evenly distributed throughout the mixture of the water carrier, added water and water transfer medium, and that a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier, added water and water transfer medium is achieved;- whereby, in the process of preparing the formulation, a previously prepared homogeneous mixture of the aforementioned water carrier with added water and the aforementioned water transfer medium is added to the prepared formulation carrier in the amount of 80% of theClaims7weight of the formulation carrier, so that the water from the mixture of the water carrier, added water and water transfer medium slowly passes into the formulation carrier, after which the remaining 20% of the weight of the formulation carrier is added under constant stirring to obtain a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier.

6. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 38% by weight to 80% by weight (hereinafter: % by weight) per total weight of the formulation;said vermiculite as a water carrier in an amount of from 16% by weight to 56% by weight per total weight of the formulation; andsaid clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 4% by weight to 6% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

7. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 80% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said earthworm humus as a water carrier in an amount of from 12.7% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 4% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation.Claims88. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer lignosulfonate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 60% by weight per total weight of the formulation;said collagen as a water carrier in an amount of from 10% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; andsaid bentonite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 3% by weight to 7% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

9. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 30% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said earthworm humus as a water carrier in an amount of from 7% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and said water transfer medium comprising a combination of clay and bentonite, comprising clay in an amount ranging from 2% by weight to 5% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, and bentonite in an amount ranging from 3% by weight to 5% by weight according to total weight of the formulation.

10. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 10% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation;Claims9said earthworm humus as a water carrier in an amount of from 10% by weight to 30% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 2% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

11. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said water transfer medium comprising a combination of collagen and bat guano, comprising collagen in an amount ranging from 20% by weight to 40% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, and bat guano in an amount ranging from 5% by weight to 20% by weight according to total weight of the formulation; andsaid clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

12. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said collagen as a water carrier in an amount of from 20% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation; andsaid clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

13. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants inClaims10the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 1 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said water transfer medium comprising a combination of earthworm humus and bat guano, comprising earthworm humus in an amount ranging from 20% by weight to 40% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, and bat guano in an amount ranging from 5% by weight to 20% by weight according to total weight of the formulation; andsaid zeolite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

14. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 2 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 40% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said clay as a water carrier in an amount of from 9.3% by weight to 20.3% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and said zeolite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 2% by weight to 7% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

15. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, pursuant to the previous claim 2 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 30% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said clay as a water carrier in an amount of from 10% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; andClaims11said bentonite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

16. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, from which the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules is made, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 4 or 5, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation for the preparation of a preparation in the form of granules further contains talc as a lubricant, which is magnesium hydrogen metasilicate, whereby said talc is mixed and added to the formulation for the preparation in the form of granules in a special step in the preparation in the form of granules from the prepared formulation, where the process of mixing the talc to the prepared formulation is carried out just before the granulation step in the preparation of the formulation for plants and the preparation for plants in the form of granules, and in this step of mixing the talc to the prepared formulation, a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc is made, which is then used for the preparation of a preparation for plants in the form of granules in the next step.

17. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 16, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation for the manufacture of a preparation in the form of granules comprises a talc lubricant (magnesium hydrogen metasilicate) in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight of talc per total weight of the formulation, and the aforementioned formulation for the manufacture of granules comprises, for this added amount of talc, from 3% by weight to 5% by weight less of a water carrier, calculated from the total weight of the formulation.

18. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants inClaims12the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 38% by weight to 80% by weight (hereinafter: % by weight) per total weight of the formulation;said vermiculite as the water carrier in an amount of 16% to 56% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 4% by weight to 6% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

19. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 80% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said earthworm humus as the water carrier in an amount of 12.7% to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 4% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

20. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:Claims13said polymer lignosulfonate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 60% by weight per total weight of the formulation;said collagen as the water carrier in an amount of 10% to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;said bentonite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 3% by weight to 7% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

21. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 30% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said earthworm humus as the water carrier in an amount of 7% to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;said water transfer medium comprising a combination of clay and bentonite, comprising clay in an amount ranging from 2% by weight to 5% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, and bentonite in an amount ranging from 3% by weight to 5% by weight according to total weight of the formulation; andthe lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

22. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:Claims14said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 10% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said earthworm humus as the water carrier in an amount of 10% to 30% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 2% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

23. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said water transfer medium comprising a combination of collagen and bat guano, comprising collagen in an amount ranging from 20% by weight to 40% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, whereby this quantity is reduced by the quantity of added talc as the lubricant, and bat guano in an amount ranging from 5% by weight to 20% by weight according to total weight of the formulation; said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

24. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:Claims15said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said collagen as the water carrier in an amount of 20% to 40% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;said clay as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

25. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 3, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said water transfer medium comprising a combination of earthworm humus and bat guano, comprising earthworm humus in an amount ranging from 20% by weight to 40% by weight according to total weight of the formulation, whereby this quantity is reduced by the quantity of added talc as the lubricant, and bat guano in an amount ranging from 5% by weight to 20% by weight according to total weight of the formulation;said zeolite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

26. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 4, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:Claims16said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 40% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said clay as the water carrier in an amount of 9.3% to 20.3% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;said zeolite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 2% by weight to 7% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

27. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, pursuant to the previous claim 4, 5, 16 or 17, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains:said polymer potassium polyacrylate in an amount of from 30% by weight to 50% by weight per total weight of the formulation; said clay as the water carrier in an amount of 10% to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation, where this amount shall be reduced by the amount of talc lubricant added;said bentonite as a water transfer medium in an amount of from 5% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation; and the lubricant talc in an amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

28. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 5 to 27, characterised in that it further contains at least one more ingredient selected from the group consisting of:one or more plant fertilisers, andone or more plant biostimulators,Claims17whereby said component, which is one or more fertilisers or one or more biostimulators or a combination of these, is mixed and added to said previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier.

29. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 28, characterised in that it contains at least one or more fertilisers for plants, whereby said fertiliser for plants is selected from the group consisting of:- at least one plant primary macronutrient or several primary macronutrients, where the primary macronutrient is selected from the group consisting of: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).

30. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 28 to 29, characterised in that it contains at least one or more fertilisers for plants, whereby said fertiliser for plants is selected from the group consisting of:- at least one plant secondary macronutrient or several secondary macronutrients, where the secondary macronutrient is selected from the group consisting of: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulphur (S).

31. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 28, 29 or 30, characterised in that it contains at least one or more fertilisers for plants, whereby said fertiliser for plants is selected from the group consisting of:Claims18- at least one plant micronutrient or several micronutrients, where the plant micronutrient is selected from the group consisting of: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn).

32. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 29 or 30, characterised in that it contains: - all listed plant macronutrients, i.e. the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S), and- at least one plant micronutrient, two plant micronutrients or more plant micronutrients, where the plant micronutrient is selected from the group consisting of: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn).

33. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 32, characterised in that it contains the aforementioned plant macronutrients and micronutrients in the following amounts:- from 1 % to 23% by weight of nitrogen (N) per total weight of the formulation;- from 1 % to 30% by weight of phosphorus (P) per total weight of the formulation;- from 1 % to 30% by weight of potassium (K) per total weight of the formulation;- from 1 % to 10% by weight of calcium (Ca) per total weight of theformulation;Claims19- from 1 % to 5% by weight of magnesium (Mg) per total weight of the formulation;- from 1 % to 8% by weight of sulphur (S) per total weight of the formulation; and- from 0.001 % to 2% by weight of one plant micronutrient or two micronutrients or more micronutrients per total weight of the formulation.

34. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 28, characterised in that the source of fertilisers for plants is an organic fertiliser selected from the group consisting of:earthworm humus, which is a compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus and which contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium; bat guano containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; collagen fertiliser or collagen, which has a high nitrogen content of 12.5% to 13% by weight of collagen;horn meal containing nitrogen of up to 12% by weight and phosphorus up to 2% by weight per weight of this meal;Neem cake, which is an organic fertiliser that contains the nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in a ratio of 3:3:3, and is obtained as a by-product in the extraction of Neem oil from the seeds of the Neem tree (the Azadirachta indica tree);hydrolyzed poultry manure containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc; ora combination of these fertilisers are used as a source of fertilisers for plants.Claims2035. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 28, characterised in that a controlled-release plant fertiliser containing the primary nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K), the secondary nutrient magnesium (Mg) and micronutrients or trace elements (minerals) boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) is used as the source of fertilisers for plants.

36. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 28, characterised in that a fertiliser for plants in the form of fine granules containing secondary nutrients magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S), and micronutrients or trace elements (minerals) which are boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), is used as the source of fertilisers for plants.

37. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 28, characterised in that a fertiliser for plants selected from the group consisting of NPK fertilisers, ammonium nitrate, diammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate (organic), potassium sulphate, elemental potassium, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, polysulphate (polyhalite, which is hydrated potassium, calcium and magnesium sulphate mineral), magnesium sulphate, potassium magnesium sulphate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium ammonium nitrate, crude phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate (ground limestone), calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime), calcium oxide (burntClaims21powdered lime), zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, calcium chloride, methylene urea, iron chelate with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe- EDTA), borax (sodium borate), copper chelate with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cu-EDTA), potassium chloride, managenese sulphate, sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, nickel sulphate, and zinc sulphate are used as the source of fertilisers for plants.

38. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and plant biostimulators which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims from 28 to 37, characterised in that it contains one or more biostimulators for plants selected from the group consisting of:humic acids and fulvic acids;bacteria beneficial for plants;fungi beneficial for plants;seaweed and its extracts;chitosan;protein hydrolysates, amino acids, and mixtures of peptides; and inorganic compounds or elements selected from the group consisting of aluminium (Al), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co) and sodium (Na).

39. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 38, characterised in that the aforementioned humic acids are obtained through the extraction from earthworm humus which is the compost processed with earthworms of the species Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms of the species Pleurotus ostreatus, whereby the aforementioned formulation contains humic acids in the amount of from 1 % by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.Claims2240. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 38 or 39, characterised in that the aforementioned bacteria beneficial for plants that act as a biostimulator for plants are selected from the group consisting of: genera of bacteria Bacillus sp., Azotobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Paenibacillus sp., Azospirillum sp. and Beijerinckia sp.

41. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 40, characterised in that the aforementioned bacteria beneficial for plants are selected from the group consisting of the following types of bacteria: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium.

42. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 40, characterised in that the aforementioned bacteria beneficial for plants are selected from the group consisting of bacteria that bind (fix) nitrogen and promote plant growth, which include the following bacteria:- Paenibacillus polymyxa;- Azotobacter vinelandii;- Azospirillum brasilense;- Beijerinckia indica;- Pseudomonas putida;- bacteria of the Bacillus genus, which include:- Bacillus licheniformis;- Bacillus megaterium;Claims23- Bacillus pumilus;- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; and- Bacillus subtilis.

43. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 40 to 42, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains the aforementioned bacteria in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is in the form of powder, whereby bacteria are encapsulated in a clay coating in the aforementioned bacterial concentrate in the form of powder in order to avoid the reaction of bacteria with fertilisers in said formulation, whereby the bacterial concentrate in the form of powder contains 1 billion CFU (CFU - colony forming units) of bacteria per 1 g of bacterial concentrate, where such bacterial concentrate in the form of powder is added to the aforementioned formulation which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of tablets, in an amount of 0.03% by weight to 0.1 % by weight per total weight of the formulation, whereby said bacterial concentrate is mixed and added to said previously prepared homogeneous mixture containing a water carrier, added water, a water transfer medium and a formulation carrier.

44. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 40 to 42, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains the aforementioned bacteria in the form of a bacterial concentrate, which is in the form of powder, whereby bacteria are encapsulated in a clay coating in the aforementioned bacterial concentrate in the form of powder in order to avoid the reaction of bacteria with fertilisers in said formulation, whereby the bacterial concentrate in the form of powder contains 1 billion CFU (CFU - colony forming units) of bacteria per 1 g of bacterial concentrate, where such bacterial concentrate in the form of powder is added to the aforementioned formulation which is usedClaims24to make the aforementioned preparation for plants in the form of granules, in an amount of 0.005% by weight to 0.5% by weight per total weight of the formulation, whereby said bacterial concentrate is mixed and added to said previously prepared homogeneous mixture containing a water carrier, added water, a water transfer medium and a formulation carrier.

45. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 43 to 44, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains the aforementioned bacterial concentrate, whereby said concentrate contains a combination of at least two or more bacteria beneficial for plants, whereby said types of bacteria are selected from the group consisting of: Paenibacillus polymyxa, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium.

46. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 45, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains the aforementioned bacterial concentrate, whereby said bacterial concentrate contains a combination of the types of bacteria set out in the previous claim 45.

47. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 43 to 44, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains the aforementioned bacterial concentrate, whereby said concentrate contains a combination of at least two or more bacteria beneficial for plants, whereby said types of bacteria are selected from the group consisting of: Paenibacillus polymyxa, AzotobacterClaims25vinelandii, Azospirillum brasilense, Beijerinckia indica, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida.

48. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 47, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains the aforementioned bacterial concentrate, whereby said bacterial concentrate contains a combination of the types of bacteria set out in the previous claim 47.

49. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 38 to 48, characterised in that the aforementioned fungi beneficial for plants that act as biostimulators for plants are selected from the group consisting of:endomycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., Scutellospora sp., Acaulospora sp., Sclerocystis sp. and Entrophospora sp., which are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; endomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizoglomus irregulare, Funneliformis geosporum, Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis caledonium;ectomycorrhizal fungi Amanita muscaria, Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Hortiboletus rubellus and Pisolithus tinctoriuis; andgenus of Trichoderma sp. funghi.

50. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 49, characterised in that the aforementionedClaims26formulation contains the aforementioned mycorrhizal fungi in the form of mycorrhizal fungi concentrate which is present in the form of granules of mycorrhizal fungi, whereby said granules contain clay granules and viable propagules and vesicles of mycorrhizal fungi, whereby the clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain 36 propagules of mycorrhizal fungi per 1 gram of these clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, and whereby, in the aforementioned clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, the mycorrhizal propagules and vesicles are encapsulated in a clay coating in order to avoid the reaction of mycorrhizal propagules and vesicles with fertilisers in the formulation, whereby the aforementioned clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi contain 60% by weight of clay per total weight of clay granules, 25% by weight of bentonite and 15% by weight of zeolite per total weight of clay granules, and where the aforementioned clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi are mixed and added into the previously prepared homogeneous mixture of a water carrier, added water, a water transfer medium and a formulation carrier.

51. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 50, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains the aforementioned clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi in the amount of from 1 % by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

52. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 38 to 51, characterised in that the aforementioned seaweed is brown algae selected from the group consisting of genera Ascophyllum, Fucus and Laminaria, and that the aforementioned extracts from these algae are polysaccharides obtained from these algae.

53. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plantsClaims27pursuant to the previous claim 52, characterised in that the aforementioned seaweed extract is alginate, which is an extract of Ascophyllum nodosum brown algae.

54. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 53, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains the aforementioned alginate in the amount of from 5% by weight to 15% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

55. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and plant biostimulators which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims from 38 to 54, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains chitosan obtained from crustacean and mollusc shells in the amount of from 0.05% by weight to 1 % by weight per total weight of the formulation.

56. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 38 to 55, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains amino acids selected from the group consisting of amino acids of vegetable origin, amino acids derived from soybeans, and amino acids derived from animal by-products of slaughterhouse residues of collagens and bellies.

57. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 38 to 55, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains amino acids selected from the group consisting of: arginine, asparagine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, methionine, tryptophan, proline, glutamine, lysine, cysteine, histidine, valine, alanine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine.Claims2858. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 56 or 57, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains amino acids in the amount of from 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

59. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to any one of the previous claims 5 to 58, characterised in that the formulation further contains at least one more ingredient selected from the group consisting of:magnesium stearate lubricant, andbiochar,whereby said component, which is the magnesium stearate lubricant or biochar or a combination of these, is mixed and added to said previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier.

60. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 59, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains magnesium stearate as a lubricant in the amount of from 0.25% by weight to 0.75% by weight per total weight of the formulation.

61. A hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants which is used to make the aforementioned preparation for plants pursuant to the previous claim 59 or 60, characterised in that the aforementioned formulation contains biochar in the amount of from 3% by weight to 10% by weight per total weight of the formulation.Claims2962. A process for the preparation of a hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, whereby said formulation is a formulation pursuant to any one of the previous claims 3, 4 or 5 or to any one of the previous claims 16 to 61, and the process for the preparation of a preparation for plants in the form of granules using said formulation, characterised in that the aforementioned process consists of the following steps:- Step 1: Measurement of water content in individual components of the formulation and calculation of the weight of water to be added to the water carrier in the formulation, in which each individual component of the formulation, with the exception of ingredients such as bacterial concentrate, concentrate of mycorrhizal fungi or clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, chitosan, magnesium stearate and talc (magnesium hydrogen metasilicate), are measured for their water content using a moisture measuring device before they are weighed,whereby the measured water content of each ingredient is provided in % by weight of water per weight of each ingredient, which includes the water that this ingredient contains, and where the measured water content of each ingredient in % by weight is provided using the following Formula 5:% by weight of water in each (Weight of water in each individual ingredient (g)) individual ingredient = - — x100% (Weight of each individual ingredient,including water (g))where, based on the measured water content of each ingredient of the formulation expressed as % by weight of water in each ingredient, the weight of water that this ingredient brings into the entire formulation is then calculated based on its weight, whereby said weight of water in each ingredient is called the initial weight of water in each ingredient, and where this initial weight of water in each ingredient is calculated as the product of the stated weight of each ingredient in theClaims30formulation and the water content in said ingredient is calculated as % by weight of water in each ingredient pursuant to the following Formula 1:(% by weight of water in (Weight of each individual ingredient, Initial weight of water In each individual ingredient) X including water (g))each individual ingredient (g)100%whereby then, depending on the weight of individual ingredients in the formulation according to the recipe of the formulation and the calculated initial weight of water in these individual ingredients, and depending on the previously measured water content in these ingredients, the initial weight of water in the formulation is calculated, which is the total initial weight of water of all ingredients in the entire formulation according to the recipe, whereby the initial weight of water in the formulation is calculated as the sum of the initial weights of water of each individual ingredient in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 2:Initial weight of water (Initial weight of water f (Initial weight of water + (Initial weight of water in the formulation (gj = in ingredient I (g)i in ingredient 2 (gj) in ingredient n (g)) where 1, 2 or n means an individual ingredient in the formulation;whereby the target weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the product of the weight of the formulation, including the water it contains, where the weight of the formulation is the sum of the weights of the individual components in the formulation, and the target weight % of water in the formulation, pursuant to the following Formula 3:Claims31(Target % by weight of (Weight of the formulation, Target weight of water water in the formulation ) X including water (g ) )in the formulation (g) = - 100%whereby, in the formulation used to make the preparation in the form of granules, the target water content in the prepared formulation must be in the range of 3% to 6% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation;where the added weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the weight of water that must be added to the water carrier in the formulation in order to achieve the target weight of water in the prepared formulation and thus achieve the target content of water in the formulation, whereby the added weight of water in the formulation is calculated as the difference between the target weight of water in the formulation and the initial weight of water in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 4:Added weight of water (Target weight of water > (Initial weight of water in the formulation (g) = the formulation (g)) in the formulation (g))- Step 2: Weighing the weight of the formulation components pursuant to the recipe of the formulation, whereby each individual ingredient of the formulation is weighed according to the recipe of the formulation and then poured / added into a separate container;whereby in the formulation used to make a preparation in the form of granules from the formulation, such a formulation for granules contains the amount of the water carrier pursuant to the recipe, whereby said amount of the water carrier is then reduced by the quantity of the added talc as a lubricant, whereby the quantity of talc is from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation, depending on the recipe, and furthermore also contains talc in the amount of fromClaims323% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation, depending on the recipe;- Step 3: Preparation of the water carrier in the formulation where, according to the recipe for the formulation, the weighed water carrier in the formulation is poured into the mixer and water is added to it during mixing, whereby said water is deionized and filtered using a UV filter, to sterilize the water and to destroy potential microorganisms in the water, whereby water is added in the amount of the added weight of water in the formulation, as calculated in Step 1 above;whereby water is added by means of a fine spray at a constant stirring rate of 25 to 60 revolutions per minute (hereinafter referred to as: rpm), at room temperature, and mixing is performed from 3 to5 minutes,whereby, if the water carrier is vermiculite, mixing is carried out for 3 minutes, and if the water carrier is earthworm humus or collagen or bat guano, mixing is carried out for 5 minutes;whereby mixing is carried out intensively, in order to evenly distribute the water over the water carrier to achieve a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier and the added water, i.e. a homogeneous mixture of water carrier and added water;- Step 4: Mixing of the water transfer medium in the formulation, whereby the mixture of the water carrier and the added water in said mixer is then mixed with the water transfer medium and the mixing is carried out quickly and intensively at a mixing rate of 25 to 60 rotations per minute, and is carried out for at least 30 minutes and for as long as it takes to obtain a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier with the water transfer medium, and to transfer the water from the water carrier to the water transfer medium and to homogeneously distribute the water in the entire mixture of the water carrier, added water and the water transfer medium;Claims33- Step 5: Emptying and cleaning the mixer for the next steps of the process, in which the homogeneous mixture of the water carrier, added water and the water transfer medium is then removed from the mixer and said mixer is cleaned and dried in order to perform the following steps of the process;- Step 6: Mixing a mixture of a water carrier, added water and a water transfer medium with a formulation carrier, which is a polymer of potassium polyacrylate or a polymer of lignosulfonate, whereby a weighed amount of the formulation carrier pursuant to the recipe is introduced into the aforementioned cleaned mixer in the amount of 80% of the weight of the said weighed amount, and the previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium is added and mixed at once in this amount of the formulation carrier at a mixing speed in the range of 25 to 60 rpm;whereby, due to the rapid mixing of the aforementioned mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium into the formulation carrier, which is the polymer potassium polyacrylate or polymer lignosulfonate (depending on the recipe), water slowly passes from the aforementioned mixture of a water carrier, added water and water transfer medium into the granules of the formulation carrier; whereby the mixing is carried out intensively for 3 minutes with the stated mixing speed and whereby, after 3 minutes of mixing, the remaining amount of 20% by weight of the weighed amount of the formulation carrier is added at the same time at the mixing speed of the mixer in the range of 25 to 60 rpm, and the mixing is carried out for 3 minutes to obtain a dry homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier, whereby said mixture must be free of lumps;whereby, if the formulation only includes water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier as components, the next Step 7 of the procedure is skipped and further steps of the procedure (from Step 8 to Step 13) are performed;Claims34- Step 7: Adding the remaining ingredients of the formulation, whereby in the process of preparing formulations which further include at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of: one or more fertilisers for plants and one or more biostimulators for plants,and which further include, if necessary, at least another ingredient selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar, the remaining ingredient or several other ingredients pursuant to the recipe are added into the aforementioned mixture in which the dry homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier has been prepared in Step 6, whereby they are added into the mixer at the same time or successively, after which the mixing of all these formulation components is carried out at an intensive mixing speed in the range of 25 to 60 rpm and in the period from 30 to 60 minutes in order to obtain a uniform mixture of all the ingredients in the formulation pursuant to the recipe, whereby said mixture must be free of lumps;whereby, if the formulation also contains mycorrhizal fungi as a biostimulator, the mixing process in the aforementioned mixer in this Step 7 is carried out with a mixing temperature lower than or equal to 26°C and, when mixing, care must be taken that the temperature of the mixture does not exceed 26°C;- Step 8: Sifting of the formulation, whereby the formulation prepared in Step 6, which contains water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier as ingredients, or the formulation prepared in Step 7 which, in addition to water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier also contains at least one or more components, including one or more fertilisers for plants and / or one or more biostimulators for plants, and furthermore, if necessary, contains at least one or both ingredients selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate and biochar lubricant,Claims35is sifted through a sieve with a pore size of up to 5 mm pore diameter, in order to separate the lumps of the mixture from the powdery mixture of the formulation, after which the formulation is sifted into an airtight plastic container with a lid;- Step 9: Controlling the moisture or water content in the formulation, whereby the humidity is measured using a humidity measuring device which is used to read the humidity of the prepared formulation, which is provided in % by weight of water per total weight of the formulation, whereby the target water content of the formulation for the preparation of granules should be in the range of 3% by weight to 6% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation;whereby, In the event of a measured target water content in the prepared formulation, Step 10 as described below is performed; orwhereby, if the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target content, the additional Step 9A is performed as described below;- Additional step 9A: Calculation of the added weight of water in the prepared formulation and mixing said weight of water into the prepared formulation, whereby this step is performed if the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target water content, whereby the added weight of water in the prepared formulation is then calculated as the difference between the target weight of water in the formulation and the weight of water in the formulation prepared pursuant to the following Formula 7:Added weight of water in „.,r r, the prepared formulation (g) = (Target weight of water (Weight of water in the in the formulation (g)) prepared formulation ))Claims36whereby, in this case, the weight of the water in the prepared formulation is calculated as the product of the measured % by weight of water in the prepared formulation and the weight of the prepared formulation, including water, pursuant to the following Formula 8:(Measured % by weight of water (Weight of the prepared Weight of water in the in prepared formulation) X formulation, including water (g)) prepared formulation (g) = 100%whereby the prepared formulation is then returned / poured into said mixer and the added weight of water for the prepared formulation is added through fine spraying with a spray and stirring continuously at a rate of 25 to 60 rpm at a room temperature which must not exceed 26°C, and mixing is carried out for 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture, which is then sifted similarly to Step 8 described above, and the humidity of which is then controlled as in Step 9 above;- Step 10: Resting of the prepared formulation, whereby the formulation with the measured target water content is transferred into a plastic container, covered with a lid and left to stand and rest for a period of 3 hours to 5 hours, in order for the water in the formulation to be further evenly distributed across all components of the formulation.- Step 11: Temporary storage of the prepared formulation before making the preparation, whereby, after resting the formulation in Step 10, the prepared formulation is transferred into an airtight polyethylene plastic bag, which can be sealed and does not allow the ingress of moisture and water, whereby said bag is placed into a plastic container, and the bag and the plastic container with the lid are closed, so that the formulation does not come into contact with water and moisture;Claims37- Step 12: Controlling the moisture or water content in the prepared formulation before the preparation of the preparation, whereby the humidity is measured after temporary storage using a humidity measuring device which is used to read the humidity of the prepared formulation, which is provided in % by weight of water per total weight of the formulation,whereby the target water content of the formulation for the preparation of granules is in the range of 3% by weight to 6% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation,whereby, if the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target water content, the aforementioned additional Step 9Aand the following Step 10 and Step 11 described above are performed, after which the present Step 12 is performed;orwhereby, if the measured water content in the prepared formulation is the same as the target water content in the formulation, the following Step 13 is performed;- Step 13: Making the plant preparation, whereby the formulation with a measured target water content in the formulation ranging from 3% to 6% of water per total weight of the formulation is used to prepare a preparation in the form of granulesin Step 13A: Making the plant preparation in the form of granules, which consists of two successive steps, i.e. Step 13A-1 in which the weight of talc is determined and the talc is stirred into the prepared formulation after Step 12, and Step 13A-2 of preparing a preparation for plants in the form of granules using a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc;Step 13A-1: Weighing the weight of talc and mixing the talc into the prepared formulation after performing Step 12, whereby talc is firstClaims38weighed in the amount of from 3% by weight to 5% by weight per total weight of the formulation according to the recipe used for the formulation for the preparation of granules, and then the weighed talc is transferred into a separate container;whereby the prepared formulation is then transferred into the cleaned and dried mixer (as used in previous Steps 3 and 7) after completion of the previous Step 12, and the weighed talc is added into said mixer along with the prepared formulation according to the recipe, by adding the talc to the prepared formulation at an intensive mixing speed in the range of 25 to 60 rpm and mixing from 30 minutes to 60 minutes to obtain a uniform mixture of the prepared formulation with talc, while stirring constantly in the mixer;whereby, if the formulation also contains mycorrhizal fungi as a biostimulator, the mixing process of the prepared formulation and talc in the aforementioned mixer in this step is carried out with a mixing temperature lower than or equal to 26°C; when mixing, care must be taken that the temperature of the mixture of the formulation and talc does not exceed 26°C;- Step 13A-2: Making the plant preparation in the form of granules using a homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation and talc, whereby the homogeneous mixture of talc and the prepared formulation, prepared in Step 13A-1, is poured into the filling funnel of the granulator with two rotating cylinders with symmetrically positioned semicircular openings, whereby during granulation in the aforementioned granulator, the homogeneous mixture of the prepared formulation with talc passes smoothly from the funnel of the granulator to the rotating cylinders with symmetrically placed semicircular openings, whereby these cylinders then separate the homogeneous mixture of the formulation and talc into smaller pieces, which are pressed together and formed into granules, whereby said granules pass down into the granule collection chamber;Claims39whereby the manufactured granules are then packed in plastic bags that are water- and moisture-impermeable, and stored for transport to customers.

63. A process for the preparation of a hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, whereby said formulation is a formulation pursuant to any one of the previous claims from 1 to 2 or pursuant to any one of the previous claims from 5 to 15 or pursuant to any one of the previous claims from 28 to 61, and the process for the preparation of a preparation for plants in the form of tablets using said formulation, characterised in that the aforementioned process consists of the following steps:- Step 1: Measurement of water content in individual components of the formulation and calculation of the weight of water to be added to the water carrier in the formulation, in which each individual component of the formulation, with the exception of ingredients such as bacterial concentrate, concentrate of mycorrhizal fungi or clay granules of mycorrhizal fungi, chitosan and magnesium stearate, are measured for their water content using a moisture measuring device before they are weighed,whereby the measured water content of each ingredient is provided in % by weight of water per weight of each ingredient, which includes the water that this ingredient contains, and where the measured water content of each ingredient in % by weight is provided using the following Formula 5:% by weight of water in each (Weight of water in each individual ingredient (g)) individual ingredient = - x 100 %(Weight of each individual ingredientincluding water (g))Claims40where, based on the measured water content of each ingredient of the formulation expressed as % by weight of water in each ingredient, the weight of water that this ingredient brings into the entire formulation is then calculated based on its weight, whereby said weight of water in each ingredient is called the initial weight of water in each ingredient, and where this initial weight of water in each ingredient is calculated as the product of the stated weight of each ingredient in the formulation and the water content in said ingredient is calculated as % by weight of water in each ingredient pursuant to the following Formula 1:(% by weight of water in (Weight of each individual ingredient, Initial weight of water in each ingredient') X including water (g))each individual ingredient (g) = - '■ -;- 0%whereby then, depending on the weight of individual ingredients in the formulation according to the recipe of the formulation and the calculated initial weight of water in these individual ingredients, and depending on the previously measured water content in these ingredients, the initial weight of water in the formulation is calculated, which is the total initial weight of water of all ingredients in the entire formulation according to the recipe, whereby the initial weight of water in the formulation is calculated as the sum of the initial weights of water of each individual ingredient in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 2:l st weight of water (Initial weight of water * (Initial weight of water *... + (Initial weight of water in the formulation |g) = in ingredient t (gjj in ingredient 2 (gj) in ingredient n [g )|where 1, 2 or n means an individual ingredient in the formulation;whereby the target weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the product of the weight of the formulation, including the water itClaims41contains, where the weight of the formulation is the sum of the weights of the individual components in the formulation, and the target weight % of water in the formulation, pursuant to the following Formula 3:(Target % by weight of (Weight of the formulation, Target weight of water water in the formulation) X including water (g))in the formulation (g) = - 100%whereby, in the formulation used to make the preparation in the form of tablets, the target water content in the prepared formulation must be in the range of 13% to 19% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation;where the added weight of water in the formulation is then calculated as the weight of water that must be added to the water carrier in the formulation in order to achieve the target weight of water in the prepared formulation and thus achieve the target content of water in the formulation, whereby the added weight of water in the formulation is calculated as the difference between the target weight of water in the formulation and the initial weight of water in the formulation pursuant to the following Formula 4:Added weight of water (Target weight of water > (Initial weight of water in the formulation (g) = in the formulation (g)) in the formulation (g))- Step 2: Weighing the weight of the formulation components pursuant to the recipe of the formulation, whereby each individual ingredient of the formulation is weighed according to the recipe of the formulation and then poured / added into a separate container;Claims42- Step 3: Preparation of the water carrier in the formulation where, according to the recipe for the formulation, the weighed water carrier in the formulation is poured into the mixer and water is added to it during mixing, whereby said water is deionized and filtered using a UV filter, to sterilize the water and to destroy potential microorganisms in the water, whereby water is added in the amount of the added weight of water in the formulation, as calculated in Step 1 above;whereby water is added by means of a fine spray at a constant stirring rate of 25 to 60 revolutions per minute (hereinafter referred to as: rpm), at room temperature, and mixing is performed from 3 to5 minutes,whereby, if the water carrier is vermiculite, mixing is carried out for 3 minutes, and if the water carrier is earthworm humus or collagen or bat guano, mixing is carried out for 5 minutes;whereby mixing is carried out intensively, in order to evenly distribute the water over the water carrier to achieve a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier and the added water, i.e. a homogeneous mixture of water carrier and added water;- Step 4: Mixing of the water transfer medium in the formulation, whereby the mixture of the water carrier and the added water in said mixer is then mixed with the water transfer medium and the mixing is carried out quickly and intensively at a mixing rate of 25 to 60 rotations per minute, and is carried out for at least 30 minutes and for as long as it takes to obtain a homogeneous mixture of the water carrier with the water transfer medium, and to transfer the water from the water carrier to the water transfer medium and to homogeneously distribute the water in the entire mixture of the water carrier, added water and the water transfer medium;- Step 5: Emptying and cleaning the mixer for the next steps of the process, in which the homogeneous mixture of the water carrier, added water andClaims43the water transfer medium is then removed from the mixer and said mixer is cleaned and dried in order to perform the following steps of the process;- Step 6: Mixing a mixture of a water carrier, added water and a water transfer medium with a formulation carrier, which is a polymer of potassium polyacrylate or a polymer of lignosulfonate, whereby a weighed amount of the formulation carrier pursuant to the recipe is introduced into the aforementioned cleaned mixer in the amount of 80% of the weight of the said weighed amount, and the previously prepared homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium is added and mixed at once in this amount of the formulation carrier at a mixing speed in the range of 25 to 60 rpm;whereby, due to the rapid mixing of the aforementioned mixture of water carrier, added water and water transfer medium into the formulation carrier, which is the polymer potassium polyacrylate or polymer lignosulfonate (depending on the recipe), water slowly passes from the aforementioned mixture of a water carrier, added water and water transfer medium into the granules of the formulation carrier; whereby the mixing is carried out intensively for 3 minutes with the stated mixing speed and whereby, after 3 minutes of mixing, the remaining amount of 20% by weight of the weighed amount of the formulation carrier is added at the same time at the mixing speed of the mixer in the range of 25 to 60 rpm, and the mixing is carried out for 3 minutes to obtain a dry homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier, whereby said mixture must be free of lumps;whereby, if the formulation only includes the aforementioned components water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier, the next Step 7 of the procedure is skipped and further steps of the procedure (from Step 8 to Step 13) are performed;Claims44- Step 7: Adding the remaining ingredients of the formulation, whereby in the process of preparing formulations which further include at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of: one or more fertilisers for plants and one or more biostimulators for plants,and which further include, if necessary, at least another ingredient selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate lubricant and biochar, the remaining ingredient or several other ingredients pursuant to the recipe are added into the aforementioned mixture in which the dry homogeneous mixture of water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier has been prepared in Step 6, whereby they are added into the mixer at the same time or successively, after which the mixing of all these formulation components is carried out at an intensive mixing speed in the range of 25 to 60 rpm and in the period from 30 to 60 minutes in order to obtain a uniform mixture of all the ingredients in the formulation pursuant to the recipe, whereby said mixture must be free of lumps;whereby, if the formulation also contains mycorrhizal fungi as a biostimulator, the mixing process in the aforementioned mixer in this Step 7 is carried out with a mixing temperature lower than or equal to 26°C and, when mixing, care must be taken that the temperature of the mixture does not exceed 26°C;- Step 8: Sifting of the formulation, whereby the formulation prepared in Step 6, which contains water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier as ingredients, or the formulation prepared in Step 7 which, in addition to water carrier, added water, water transfer medium and formulation carrier also contains at least one or more components, including one or more fertilisers for plants and / or one or more biostimulators for plants, and furthermore, if necessary, contains at least one or both ingredients selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate and biochar lubricant,Claims45is sifted through a sieve with a pore size of up to 5 mm pore diameter, in order to separate the lumps of the mixture from the powdery mixture of the formulation, after which the formulation is sifted into an airtight plastic container with a lid;- Step 9: Controlling the moisture or water content in the formulation, whereby the humidity is measured using a humidity measuring device which is used to read the humidity of the prepared formulation, which is provided in % by weight of water per total weight of the formulation;whereby the target water content of the formulation for the preparation of tablets should be in the range of 13% by weight to 19% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation;whereby, In the event of a measured target water content in the prepared formulation, Step 10 as described below is performed; orwhereby, if the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target water content, the additional Step 9A is performed as described below;- Additional step 9A: Calculation of the added weight of water in the prepared formulation and mixing said weight of water into the prepared formulation, whereby this step is performed if the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target water content, whereby the added weight of water in the prepared formulation is then calculated as the difference between the target weight of water in the formulation and the weight of water in the formulation prepared pursuant to the following Formula 7:Added weight of water in(Target weight of water (Weight of water in the the prepared formulation (g) =in the formulation (g)) prepared formulation (g)jClaims46whereby, in this case, the weight of the water in the prepared formulation is calculated as the product of the measured % by weight of water in the prepared formulation and the weight of the prepared formulation, including water, pursuant to the following Formula 8:(Measured % by weight of water (Weight of the prepared Weight of water in the the prepared formulation) X formulation, including water (g)) prepared formulation (a) = - - - - - 100%whereby the prepared formulation is then returned / poured into said mixer and the added weight of water for the prepared formulation is added through fine spraying with a spray and stirring continuously at a rate of 25 to 60 rpm at a room temperature which must not exceed 26°C, and mixing is carried out for 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixture, which is then sifted similarly to Step 8 described above, and the humidity of which is then controlled as in Step 9;- Step 10: Resting of the prepared formulation, whereby the formulation with the measured target water content is transferred into a plastic container, covered with a lid and left to stand and rest for a period of 3 hours to 5 hours, in order for the water in the formulation to be further evenly distributed across all components of the formulation.- Step 11: Temporary storage of the prepared formulation before making the preparation, whereby, after resting the formulation in Step 10, the prepared formulation is transferred into an airtight polyethylene plastic bag, which can be sealed and does not allow the ingress of moisture and water, whereby said bag is placed into a plastic container, and the bag and the plastic container with the lid are closed, so that the formulation does not come into contact with water and moisture;Claims47- Step 12: Controlling the moisture or water content in the prepared formulation before the preparation of the preparation, whereby the humidity is measured after temporary storage using a humidity measuring device which is used to read the humidity of the prepared formulation, which is provided in % by weight of water per total weight of the formulation;whereby the target water content of the formulation for the preparation of tablets is in the range of 13% by weight to 19% by weight of water per total weight of the formulation,whereby, if the measured water content in the prepared formulation is lower than the target water content, the aforementioned additional Step 9Aand the following Step 10 and Step 11 described above are performed, after which the present Step 12 is performed;orwhereby, if the measured water content in the prepared formulation is the same as the target water content in the formulation, the following Step 13 is performed;- Step 13: Making the plant preparation, whereby the formulation with a measured target water content in the formulation ranging from 13% to 19% of water per total weight of the formulation is used to prepare a preparation in the form of tablets- in Step 13B: Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, whereby the aforementioned formulation is added into a tablet press that is an eccentric tablet press on which the formulation is pressed together and the particles of the formulation are brought closer together under the force of compression to connect into a solid compact tablet,whereby the tablet press has a tablet pressing unit made of a matrix plate with a matrix recess and a lower seal below the plane of the matrix plate, whereby the upper surface of the seal is clamped into the matrix plate and where this upper surface of the lower seal forms theClaims48bottom of the matrix recess, whereby the upper seal lies above the plane of the matrix plate;whereby the formulation is poured into the filling container of the tablet press and is then dispensed from the filling container into the matrix recess of the tablet press with a free fall due to gravity, in an amount to fill the matrix recess;whereby this is followed by compression, where the upper seal strikes the lower seal at a certain distance from the bottom of the matrix recess (i.e. the upper surface of the lower seal) to form a tablet with a certain height, which is then compressed between the lower and upper seals,whereby, under the pressure of both seals on the tablet, the particles of the formulation are redistributed so that the smaller particles are compressed and mixed into the empty spaces between the larger particles, after which the particles are slightly deformed and finally connected to each other in the tablet, whereby the upper seal is finally lifted upwards, followed by the lower seal, to push up the shaped tablet and eject it from the matrix recess;whereby the eccentric (stroke) tablet press only has one pressing unit, so only one tablet is produced in this eccentric press at a time; whereby the aforementioned matrix plate, seals and other parts of the tablet press are made of stainless metal with a hardness of at least 58 HRC according to Rockwell, and that they have a smooth polished surface to prevent the formulation from sticking to them;whereby the compression force of the tablet is in the range from 60 kN to 80 kN, if the formulation does not contain mycorrhizal fungi; andwhereby the compression force of the tablet is in the range from 50 kN to 60 kN, if the formulation contains mycorrhizal fungi, in order to prevent the destruction of propagules and vesicles;whereby the manufactured tablets are checked on an ongoing basis to ensure that they are compact and do not crumble, whereby, at theClaims49beginning of the tabletting process, one out of ten manufactured tablets is examined, whereby the examination process controls the strength of tablets, their correct shape and the weight of tablets, whereby the strength of the tablets must be sufficient that they do not break, crush or crumble, and whereby the tablets must have a smooth surface and edges and must not be chipped, whereby the weight of the tablets must be within the defined weight range and may deviate from said defined weight range by a maximum of 10% of the defined weight, whereby the tablets that do not meet the specified control criteria are discarded;- where Step 13B of the manufacture of tablets is followed by:- Step 13B-1: Temporary packaging of tablets, whereby the manufactured tablets are temporarily packed in an airtight and impermeable plastic bag that does not allow water and moisture to escape, before being packaged in the final packaging, which is the packaging in which the tablets are sold; and- Step 13B-2: Packaging the tablets in the final packaging, whereby, after temporary packaging, the manufactured tablets are packaged in the final packaging, which is the packaging in which the tablets are sold.

64. The process of the preparation of a hydrogel polymer plant formulation with fertilisers and biostimulators for plants, and the process of the preparation of a preparation for plants in the form of tablets using the aforementioned formulation pursuant to the previous claim 63, characterised in that the aforementioned Step 13B: Making the plant preparation in the form of tablets, the formulation tabletting process is performed on a rotating tablet press which includes several compressing units for a continuous compression of tablets.

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