Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a first receiver; a second receiver; and a control unit that, when the first receiver is ON, controls reception of a first signal on a first carrier using the first receiver, determines a second carrier on the basis of the reception of the first signal, and when the first receiver is OFF, controls reception of a second signal on the second carrier using the second receiver.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 5G-A (advanced), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G), reducing power consumption is being considered. However, sufficient consideration has not been given to how to utilize multiple carriers to reduce power consumption. If such consideration is insufficient, the effectiveness of power consumption reduction and communication performance may be limited.

[0006] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can reduce power consumption.

[0007] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a first receiver, a second receiver, and a control unit that, when the first receiver is on, controls the reception of a first signal on a first carrier using the first receiver, determines a second carrier based on the reception of the first signal, and, when the first receiver is off, controls the reception of a second signal on the second carrier using the second receiver.

[0008] According to one aspect of this disclosure, the power consumption of the terminal can be reduced.

[0009] Figure 1A-1B shows an example of UE behavior based on LP-WUS. Figure 2 shows an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system. Figure 3A-3B shows an example of a carrier on which an LP signal according to option 1 of Embodiment 0 is received. Figure 4A-4B shows an example of one or more second carriers according to Embodiment 1. Figure 5 shows an example of second carrier selection according to option 1-1 of Embodiment 2. Figure 6 shows an example of anchor carrier switching according to option 1-2 of Embodiment 2. Figure 7A-7B shows an example of anchor carrier switching time according to option 1-2 of Embodiment 2. Figure 8A-8B shows an example of monitoring start timing according to option 1-2 of Embodiment 2. Figure 9 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 10 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 11 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 12 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 13 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0010] (Paging) LTE supports notification of system information changes using paging messages to user terminals in RRC_CONNECTED mode and RRC_IDLE mode. System information change notification using paging messages is also supported in NR. In NR, system information change notifications using paging messages can be sent to user terminals in RRC_CONNECTED mode, RRC_IDLE mode, and RRC_INACTIVE mode.

[0011] In NR, the UE in RRC idle mode or RRC inactive mode performs discontinuous reception (DRX) at predetermined intervals to reduce power consumption. The UE monitors one paging occasion (PO) for each DRX cycle.

[0012] Here, PO is a set of monitoring occasions (periods for monitoring, PDCCH monitoring opportunities) for a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH). PO may consist of one or more time-domain resource units (e.g., one or more slots, one or more subframes, one or more symbols).

[0013] At the PO, downlink control information (DCI) (paging DCI, paging DCI, DCI format 1_0) is transmitted for scheduling a downlink shared channel (e.g., PDSCH) that transmits paging messages. The paging DCI may have cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits that are scrambled with a predetermined radio network temporary identifier (Paging-Radio Network Temporary Identifier: P-RNTI). When a user terminal detects downlink control information in which the CRC is scrambled with P-RNTI, it can determine that the downlink control information is a paging DCI for scheduling a PDSCH that transmits paging messages.

[0014] A single paging frame (PF) is a single wireless frame and may contain one or more pointing objects (POs). A PF may also be the starting point of a PO. Each wireless frame may be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN).

[0015] In RRC_CONNECTED mode, if a common search space (paging search space) is provided for monitoring paging, the UE will monitor the paging DCI at least once during the period of system information changes.

[0016] The UE receives instructions regarding at least one of system information changes and Public Warning System (PWS) notifications based on short messages transmitted by the paging DCI.

[0017] (UE Power Consumption Reduction) Several technologies are specified to reduce UE power consumption. ◆ Hardware reduction: e.g., reduction of the number of antennas, reduction of bandwidth, introduction of half-duplex FDDs. ◆ Reduction of processing load: e.g., introduction of UEs with limited capabilities such as peak rate and bandwidth (low category in LTE, reduced capability (RedCap) in NR), dynamic optimization of some capabilities (dynamic reduction of the number of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) layers). ◆ Optimization of PDCCH monitoring operation (e.g., transition to sleep state): e.g., discontinuous reception (DRX), wake-up signal (WUS), paging early indication (PEI). ◆ Optimization of existing operations for low power consumption: e.g., early data transmission (EDT) in LTE, small data transmission (SDT) in NR.

[0018] WUS is a simple signal that notifies in advance whether a specific UE operation, such as PDCCH monitoring, is necessary. This allows the UE to detect in advance that a specific UE operation is unnecessary, and by omitting that operation, UE power consumption can be reduced. WUS is implemented in LTE and NR systems and supports multiple functions, including those for IDLE / INACTIVE mode and CONNECTED mode.

[0019] The PEI notifies the UE in advance whether there are any paging messages. If there are no paging messages addressed to the UE, the UE can reduce its power consumption by omitting the time / frequency synchronization, paging PDCCH reception, and paging message reception required for receiving paging messages.

[0020] EDT is a function that transmits small-sized data within the existing RACH operation.

[0021] (Low-power (LP) - Wake-up signal (WUS)) UE energy efficiency is also important in wireless communication systems. Power consumption depends on the length of the set wake-up period (e.g., paging cycle). Long extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) cycles can be used to meet battery life requirements, but this may result in high latency and fail to meet delay requirements.

[0022] As shown in the example in Figure 1A, the UE may have a main receiver (MR, main radio) used in normal data communication, and a low-power wake-up receiver (WUR, low-power wake-up receiver, LP-WUR, low-power receiver, LR), which is a simpler circuit (receiver) that operates with lower power consumption than the MR. By operating the LR instead of the MR, an ultra-deep sleep state (UDS, low-power state), which consumes less power than the sleep state and deep sleep state, can be realized. As in this example, even when the MR is powered off, the LR can monitor / receive the LP-WUS. This reduces the power consumption of the MR. As shown in the example in Figure 1B, the LR may trigger the power-on of the MR based on the LP-WUS, so that the MR monitors paging messages (it may terminate the UDS or return from the UDS). The LR may also trigger the power-off of the MR based on the LP-WUS.

[0023] During periods when there is no data transmission or reception, the UE (User Encoder) turns off the MR (Motor Relay) and turns on only the LR (Leading Relay) to reduce power consumption. During periods when paging is occurring, the UE turns on the MR to perform data transmission and reception.

[0024] (Carrier design in future wireless communication systems) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 21 and beyond, 6G systems), it is expected that advanced services exceeding those of 5G NR systems will be realized in order to solve social issues in the 2030s and beyond, as exemplified below: - Scalable network (NW). - Easy-to-operate NW. - Sustainable / resilient NW. - Improved performance (e.g., throughput / capacity) at lower bit costs. - Significant reduction in the cost / complexity / power consumption of cellular networks. - Increased revenue / creation of new value through cellular networks.

[0025] For scalable networks, it is desirable that the basic design of a 6G system be applicable not only to use cases within the 6G system but also to potential new use cases that may arise later. This is because it will be beneficial and practical for features that are expected to be released in the future.

[0026] For easily operable networks, it is desirable to avoid specifying multiple options for the same purpose.

[0027] For sustainable and fast-recovering networks, significant cost and energy consumption reductions are desirable for both the network side and the terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)). Furthermore, improved fault tolerance and rapid recovery capabilities against all kinds of events (e.g., operational errors, high traffic, disasters, etc.) are also desirable.

[0028] The following describes an example of a carrier design in a future wireless communication system, as shown in Figure 2.

[0029] The UE may monitor multiple frequencies (for example, which may be called monitoring frequencies / synchronous rasters) to detect a first carrier (for example, which may be called a perch carrier).

[0030] If a first carrier is detected, the UE may perform a synchronous operation (which may be called a first synchronous operation) and receive / retrieve information (e.g., system information).

[0031] The UE may perform initial access / random access on a second carrier (which may be called an anchor carrier, for example) based on the received / acquired information (e.g., system information) and establish an RRC connection with the NW. At least a portion of the initial access / random access may be performed on the first carrier.

[0032] The UE may transmit / receive data on a third carrier (which may be called a data carrier, for example) that is set up by signals transmitted / received on a second carrier.

[0033] It should be noted that the names of perch carrier / anchor carrier / data carrier, etc. in the present disclosure are merely examples, and thus the names are not limited to these.

[0034] This example of carrier design shows a low frequency band (coverage band) and a high frequency band (capacity band). In the example shown in FIG. 2, after the power of a UE (MR) is turned on, the UE performs cell search using a monitoring frequency. Subsequently, the resource of the monitoring frequency detected by the UE becomes a perch carrier (first carrier), and the UE receives information related to an anchor carrier (second carrier) on the perch carrier. The UE performs initial access (IA) using at least one of the perch carrier and the anchor carrier. From the cell search until the completion of IA, the UE is in idle mode.

[0035] After the completion of initial access, the UE enters an RRC connected (CONNECTED) mode. The UE receives information related to a data carrier (third carrier) on the anchor carrier. The UE performs additional synchronization on the anchor carrier. The UE transmits and receives data for a specific use case (for example, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) / other purposes) on the data carrier.

[0036] In this example of carrier design, when the UE enters idle mode / inactive mode again, RRC reconnection may be performed using at least one of LP-WUS / WUR and a mobility operation.

[0037] It should be noted that in this example of carrier design, carriers other than the perch carrier may be on-demand carriers (that is, carriers that are not always in an on state) from the perspective of NW energy reduction. For example, at least one of the second carrier (anchor carrier) and the third carrier (data carrier) supports on-demand transmission / configuration in which transmission is controlled based on a wake-up signal / trigger signal, and on-demand transmission / configuration does not have to be supported for the first carrier (perch carrier).

[0038] For example, the UE may transmit a wake-up signal / trigger signal based on information related to a second carrier received on a first carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the second carrier in response to the wake-up signal / trigger signal. As another example, the UE may transmit a wake-up signal / trigger signal based on information related to a third carrier received on a second carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the third carrier in response to the wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0039] In this carrier design example, the UE may acquire first synchronization (or information related to the first synchronization) on a first carrier, and acquire second synchronization (or information related to the second synchronization) on a second carrier. In this case, the UE may perform transmission and reception on the first carrier (or transmission and reception on the first carrier and partial transmission and reception on the second carrier) based on the first synchronization, and perform transmission and reception on the second carrier and the third carrier (or partial transmission and reception on the second carrier and transmission and reception on the third carrier) based on the second synchronization.

[0040] <Monitoring Frequency / Synchronization Raster> The monitoring frequency / synchronization raster may indicate a frequency position of a synchronization signal block (SSB) that can be used by the UE for system acquisition.

[0041] In existing NR (for example, up to Rel. 18), the frequency position (center frequency) of a synchronization signal block is represented as N*1200 kHz + M*50 kHz (N is an integer from 1 to 2499, M is 1, 3 or 5) in a range from 0 to 3000 MHz (frequency range (FR) 1), and is represented as 3000 MHz + N*1.44 MHz (N is an integer from 0 to 14756) at frequencies above 3000 MHz (FR2).

[0042] Furthermore, during initial access in existing NR, the order in which the UE searches the synchronization raster depends on the implementation of the UE. For efficient searching, a Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) is specified, and a GSCN range is notified to the UE. The GSCN is represented as 3N + (M - 3) / 2 in FR1, and is represented as 7499 + N in FR2.

[0043] In this disclosure, the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be more limited (e.g., smaller) than the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters in existing NRs. In other words, the frequency spacing of the monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be wider than in existing NRs.

[0044] For example, the location of a synchronization raster may be defined based on its relationship to information relating to a frequency band (e.g., a frequency band index). The UE may monitor or search for the location of a synchronization raster associated with a frequency band index. Alternatively, the UE may assume that the location of a synchronization raster is associated with a frequency band index, and may monitor or search for synchronization rasters based on that assumption.

[0045] For example, the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined may be limited. A UE may monitor or search for the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined among the bandwidths supported by the UE. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined in only a specific bandwidth among the bandwidths supported by the UE, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0046] For example, in a given bandwidth, a GSCN or synchronous raster may be defined only at specific frequency positions. For example, in a given bandwidth, a GSCN or synchronous raster may be defined within X Hz (where X is any number) from the lower limit of that bandwidth. A UE may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster at (only) the specific frequency positions in which it is defined for each of the bandwidths it supports. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined only at (only) specific frequency positions in a given bandwidth, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0047] This allows for an extension of the time required for cell search per frequency (i.e., the period of the synchronization signal block per frequency), thereby reducing network energy consumption and shortening the time required for initial access.

[0048] The monitoring frequency resources detected by the UE may correspond to potential perch carriers (first carriers).

[0049] <Perch Carrier> The first carrier may be a carrier common to multiple UEs.

[0050] The first carrier could be a common carrier regardless of the use case / service / device type, for example.

[0051] In the first carrier, common signals (e.g., synchronization signal blocks / master information blocks / system information blocks) may be transmitted. Furthermore, the transmission and reception of data (e.g., application layer information) is not assumed in the first carrier. Also, the transmission and reception of information relating to a specific UE or a specific group of UEs (e.g., information other than that relating to the second carrier) is not assumed in the first carrier.

[0052] The first carrier (the signal transmitted in it) may be kept in an always-on state (transmitted periodically).

[0053] Signals transmitted on the first carrier (e.g., synchronization signal blocks / master information blocks / system information blocks) may include information about an anchor carrier (second carrier) that is available in the system or used by the UE.

[0054] The first carrier may have a frequency lower than a specific value (for example, 800 MHz).

[0055] The first carrier may correspond to a single (base station) beam.

[0056] The UE may perform a first synchronization in the first carrier. The first synchronization may mean a first step / level (e.g., coarse) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations.

[0057] The first carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0058] By defining and utilizing the first carrier in this way, it is possible to cover all future use cases and contribute to achieving a scalable network.

[0059] <Anchor Carrier> The second carrier may be a carrier / frequency used for network connection / control.

[0060] The second carrier may be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service. A UE may determine which second carrier is compatible with its device based on information obtained from the first carrier.

[0061] In the second carrier, at least one of the following transmissions / receptions / operations may occur: - Transmission / reception of a system information block for a specific use case (e.g., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)); - Connection establishment; - Transmission / reception of a wake-up signal (WUS); - Wake-up receiver (WUR) operation; - Second synchronization; - Information about the third carrier.

[0062] The terms "Wake-up signal (WUS)" and "Wake-up receiver" may be interpreted as "Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS)" and "Low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)."

[0063] By using a second carrier to perform LP-WUS / WUR related operations, it is possible to reduce network energy consumption and user energy consumption.

[0064] The second carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be constantly on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the second carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0065] The second synchronization may refer to the second step / level (e.g., a more precise) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations. For example, a UE may achieve the first synchronization on the first carrier and the second synchronization on the second carrier.

[0066] The second carrier may be included in the first carrier in certain cases (for example, in the case of a [narrowband] IoT device). Alternatively, the second carrier may be configured as a carrier that overlaps the same frequency band as the first carrier.

[0067] The second carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0068] At least one operation performed on the second carrier may also be performed on the first / third carrier. Furthermore, at least one operation performed on the first / third carrier may also be performed on the second carrier.

[0069] <Data Carrier> The third carrier may be a carrier used for transmitting / receiving data.

[0070] The third carrier could be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service.

[0071] The third carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be constantly on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the third carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0072] The third carrier may be included in both the coverage band and the capacity band, for example. The third carrier within the capacity band may be used as a surplus carrier.

[0073] The third career may include the first career.

[0074] UE / NW may use the first carrier as a third carrier only in specific cases. Such specific cases may be, for example, at least one of (re-)initial access, fallback cases, and mobility on the second carrier.

[0075] UE may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier. Also, U may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier in the case of mobility on the first carrier.

[0076] The first, second, and third carriers corresponding to terrestrial networks (TN) and the first, second, and third carriers corresponding to non-terrestrial networks (NTN) may be defined separately or in common.

[0077] Furthermore, certain devices (for example, devices that do not perform cell search / RRC connectivity (e.g., Ambient IoT (A-IoT))) do not need to use a second carrier.

[0078] Furthermore, the carrier design described above may be applied to a cell-free configuration as appropriate. For example, the first carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the second carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the third carrier may correspond to a second cell (e.g., an area).

[0079] The first carrier may be located on a synchronization raster. The first carrier may be used for at least one of the following: initial access [for an always-on signal], cellular network search (cell search), synchronization, and system information. The always-on signal may include at least one of SSB and SIB1. The second carrier may be used for at least one of the following: PCell, RACH, paging, and control plane (C-plane). The second carrier does not have to be used for cell search. The third carrier may be used for at least one of the following: PCell / SCell, data transmission and reception, user plane (U-plane), and connection status within the cellular network.

[0080] (Point of contention) 5G is a system that transmits and receives signals while adding carriers as needed to the carrier to which the terminal made initial access (received the synchronization signal). 6G is expected to solve various social issues looking ahead to the 2030s, and as mentioned above, changes from 5G are possible in the system configuration, including the operating carriers.

[0081] As mentioned above, the concept of perch / anchor / data carriers is being considered to optimize the operational carrier from a RAN perspective. If the terminal power saving function (LP-WUS / WUR) being considered for 5G is extended to 6G, the terminal power saving function does not take into account carrier design such as perch / anchor / data, so there is a risk that the power consumption reduction effect and communication performance will be suppressed.

[0082] Therefore, the inventors conceived of a function to reduce the power consumption of the terminal.

[0083] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0084] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0085] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0086] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0087] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0088] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0089] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0090] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0091] In this disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used: ◆FDM: frequency division multiplexing ◆TDM: time division multiplexing ◆CDM: spatial division multiplexing

[0092] In the present disclosure, ceil(x), the ceiling function, and the ceiling function may each be substituted for one another. In the present disclosure, floor(x), the floor function, and the floor function may each be substituted for one another. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), the square root of x, and root x may each be substituted for one another. In the present disclosure, x mod y, mod(x, y), the mod function, and modulo operation may each be substituted for one another. In the present disclosure, Σ i=M M+N-1 f(i), Σ i=M M+N-1 f i , the sum of f(i) or f i over i = M, M+1, ..., M+N-1 (summation), f(M)+f(M+1)+...+f(M+N-1), f M +f M+1 +...+f M+N-1 may each be substituted for one another. C(n,k), the number of combinations of choosing k values from n values (combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n C k , C n k may each be substituted for one another. In the present disclosure, x / / y and floor(x / y) may each be substituted for one another.

[0093] In the present disclosure, A b , A_b, Ab, and the notation with b subscripted to A may each be substituted for one another. In the present disclosure, A c , A^c, and the notation with c superscripted to A may each be substituted for one another. In the present disclosure, A b c , A_b^c, and the notation with b subscripted to A and c superscripted to A may each be substituted for one another. In the present disclosure, x ~ may be represented with a tilde over x, and may be referred to as x tilde. In the present disclosure, x - may be represented with a bar over x, and may be referred to as x bar. In the present disclosure, x ＾This can also be represented by placing a caret (^) above x, or it may be called an x-hat.

[0094] In this disclosure, the terms process, procedure, operation, and behavior may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0095] In this disclosure, base station (BS), gNB, network (NW), radio access network (RAN), and core network (CN) may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0096] In this disclosure, state and mode may be interchangeable. The state may be one of a plurality of states, including RRC_CONNECTED, RRC_IDLE, and RRC_INACTIVE.

[0097] In this disclosure, carrier, CC, frequency, and band may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0098] In this disclosure, RedCap / eRedCapUE may be a UE with reduced capabilities compared to a typical UE. For example, RedCap / eRedCapUE may have a smaller maximum supported bandwidth compared to a typical UE. For example, in FR1, RedCap / eRedCapUE may have a maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz during initial access and thereafter. For example, in FR2, RedCap / eRedCapUE may have a maximum bandwidth of 100 MHz during initial access and thereafter. For example, RedCap / eRedCapUE may have a smaller number of supported receive branches compared to a typical UE. For example, RedCap / eRedCapUE may have one or two supported receive branches. Also, RedCap / eRedCapUE may have a smaller maximum number of supported MIMO layers. For example, RedCap / eRedCapUE may support one or two MIMO layers. Also, RedCap / eRedCapUE may support a small modulation order. For example, RedCap / eRedCapUE may optionally support 256QAM in FR1.

[0099] In this disclosure, the terms "linking" and "association" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0100] (Wireless Communication Method) In this disclosure, the first signal, the signal on the first carrier, the MR synchronization signal, the SSB, the signal on the initial access carrier, and the signal for initial access may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, the second signal, the signal on the second carrier, the LP signal, the LP-WUS, the LP synchronization signal (LP-synchronization signal (SS)), the signal received by the LR, the signal for low power purposes, and the wake-up signal may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, the third signal, the signal on the third carrier, the non-LP signal, and the paging message may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0101] In this disclosure, MR, first receiver, and receiver for receiving signals on the first carrier may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, LR, second receiver, receiver for receiving signals on the second carrier, and receiver for receiving a specific signal when the first receiver is off may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0102] In this disclosure, carrier, carrier type, carrier group, carrier set, CC, BWP, and [center / start / end] frequencies (RE / RB) may be interpreted interchangeably. A carrier type may refer to one of a plurality of types, for example, including at least one of a perch carrier, an anchor carrier, and a data carrier. A carrier set may include a plurality of carriers having a plurality of different carrier types. A carrier set may also include associations between a plurality of carriers having a plurality of different carrier types. A carrier set may include one or more perch carriers, one or more anchor carriers, and one or more data carriers. For example, carrier set #0 may include perch carrier #0, anchor carrier #0, and data carrier #0, and carrier set #1 may include perch carrier #0, anchor carrier #1, and data carriers #1 and #2.

[0103] The first carrier may be a carrier for receiving the MR synchronization signal. The first carrier may be, for example, a perch carrier. The second carrier may be a carrier for receiving the LP signal. The second carrier may be, for example, an anchor carrier, a perch carrier, or a data carrier. In this disclosure, multiple carriers and second carrier groups may be interchangeable.

[0104] If MR is on, UE may receive an MR synchronization signal on the first carrier. If MR is off (low power state, LR is on), UE may receive an LP signal on the second carrier. Based on the reception of the LP signal, UE may turn on MR.

[0105] <Embodiment 0> This embodiment may be based on any of the following options.

[0106] ◆Option 1 The UE may receive / monitor the LP signal on the same carrier as the received MR synchronization signal. The carrier that is always the same as the received MR synchronization signal may be a second carrier having the same bandwidth as the first carrier of the received MR synchronization signal, or it may be the first carrier of the received MR synchronization signal. As shown in the example in Figure 3A, the bandwidth of the anchor carrier on which the LP signal is received may be the same as the bandwidth of the perch carrier on which the MR synchronization signal was received. As shown in the example in Figure 3B, the LP signal may be received on the perch carrier on which the MR synchronization signal was received.

[0107] ◆Option 2 The UE may receive / monitor the LP signal on either or both of the same carrier as the received MR synchronization signal, or a different carrier from the received MR synchronization signal. The carrier on which the LP signal is received / monitor may be one or more second carriers, one or more second carriers in a carrier set including the first carrier, or one or more second carriers including part or all of the bandwidth of the first carrier. The second carrier may have bandwidth that overlaps with the bandwidth of the first carrier, or bandwidth that does not overlap with the bandwidth of the first carrier.

[0108] The following multiple embodiments may also assume option 2.

[0109] <Embodiment 1> The UE may receive / monitor the LP signal on a second carrier associated with a first carrier that has received the MR synchronization signal. The second carrier may be included in a second carrier group. The first carrier and the second carrier may be included in a single carrier set. The first carrier and the second carrier group may be included in a single carrier set.

[0110] According to this embodiment, a UE that has received an MR synchronization signal on the first carrier can appropriately determine the second carrier for receiving the LP signal.

[0111] <<Embodiment 1-1>> The UE may assume that one or more second carriers (second carriers [group]) for receiving the LP signal are advertised from the NW [on the first carrier that has received the MR synchronization signal]. For example, the second carriers [group] may be advertised by the MR synchronization signal [on the corresponding first carrier]. For example, the second carriers [group] for receiving the LP signal may be set / updated / instructed by the RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI [on the corresponding first carrier].

[0112] Figure 4A shows an example of an anchor carrier according to Embodiment 1. A perch carrier for receiving MR synchronization signals may be linked to one anchor carrier for receiving LP signals. The UE may determine one anchor carrier based on the reception of MR synchronization signals / settings / updates / instructions on the perch carrier and receive LP signals on one anchor carrier.

[0113] Figure 4B shows an example of an anchor carrier group according to Embodiment 1. A perch carrier for receiving MR synchronization signals may be linked to a plurality of anchor carriers (anchor carrier groups) for receiving LP signals. The UE may determine the anchor carrier group based on the reception of MR synchronization signals / settings / updates / instructions on the perch carrier and receive LP signals on the anchor carrier group.

[0114] <<Embodiment 1-2>> The UE may assume that the linking between the first carrier and one or more second carriers [groups] is defined in the specification. When the UE receives an MR synchronization signal on the first carrier, it may receive an LP signal on the second carrier corresponding to the first carrier.

[0115] The provisions for the second carrier may be based on one or more of the following examples x.

[0116] ◆Example 1: The second carrier index for each first carrier index is defined by a formula / table. When the UE receives an MR synchronization signal on the first carrier, it may receive an LP signal on the second carrier having a second carrier index corresponding to the first carrier index.

[0117] ◆Example 2: A second carrier index for each terminal type is defined by a formula / table. The terminal type may be selected from several types, including, for example, at least one of a non-RedCap device, a RedCap device, an IoT device, and an eMBB device. A UE may report its terminal type as a UE capability. When a UE receives an MR synchronization signal on the first carrier, it may receive an LP signal on the second carrier having a second carrier index corresponding to its terminal type.

[0118] ◆Example 3: The number of second carriers [in the second carrier group] for receiving an LP signal, Nc_lp, is defined. When Nc_all is the number of second carriers corresponding to one first carrier, Nc_all and Nc_lp may be based on one of the following options: —◆Option 1: Nc_all = Nc_lp —◆Option 2: Nc_all ≥ Nc_lp —◆Option 3: Nc_all > Nc_lp

[0119] ◆Example 4: Two or more examples from Examples 1 to 3 may be combined. For example, for each terminal type, a second carrier index corresponding to the first carrier index may be defined by a formula / table. For example, for each terminal type, the number of second carriers Nc_lp may be defined.

[0120] <Embodiment 2> The UE may receive / monitor the LP signal on one or more of the multiple second carriers. Multiple second carriers may be associated with the first carrier on which the MR synchronization signal is received.

[0121] According to this embodiment, the UE can receive / monitor the LP signal on a suitable second carrier.

[0122] This embodiment may be based on one or more of the following multiple options x.

[0123] ◆Option 1 The UE receives / monitors the LP signal on a single second carrier. This option may be based on one of the following options 1-x.

[0124] ―◆Option 1-1 The UE attempts to receive the LP signal by switching the second carrier (candidate carrier) according to the priority rule. The UE may also prioritize selecting a second carrier with higher priority from among multiple second carriers (multiple candidate carriers) and attempt to receive the LP signal on the selected second carrier. The priority rule may be based on one or more of the following options 1-1-x.

[0125] --◆Option 1-1-1 Priority is based on the secondary carrier index. For example, the smaller the secondary carrier index, the higher the priority.

[0126] --◆Option 1-1-2 Priority is based on the frequency position of the second carrier. For example, the lower the frequency of the [start or end] RE / RB at the end of the second carrier, the higher the priority. For example, the lower the center frequency of the second carrier, the higher the priority.

[0127] --◆Option 1-1-3 Priority is based on the frequency gap between the first and second carriers. For example, the smaller the frequency gap, the higher the priority. For example, the reference frequency positions of the first and second carriers used in calculating the frequency gap may be the center frequencies of each carrier, or the start or end RE / RB frequencies of each carrier.

[0128] One or more of the multiple options 1-1-x may be set / updated / instructed from the NW to the UE by RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI. Depending on the UE capabilities of the terminal type, one or more of the multiple options 1-1-x may be set / updated / instructed.

[0129] Figure 5 shows an example of the selection of a second carrier according to option 1-1 of Embodiment 2. In this example, anchor carriers #0 (anchor carrier index = 0) and #1 (anchor carrier index = 1) are associated with one parch carrier, the center frequency of anchor carrier #0 is lower than the center frequency of anchor carrier #1, and the gap between the center frequency of anchor carrier #0 and the center frequency of the parch carrier is larger than the gap between the center frequency of anchor carrier #0 and the center frequency of the parch carrier. When option 1-1-1 is applied, the UE preferentially selects anchor carrier #0, which has a smaller anchor carrier index, from among anchor carriers #0 and #1. When option 1-1-2 is applied, the UE preferentially selects anchor carrier #0, which has a lower center frequency, from among anchor carriers #0 and #1. When option 1-1-3 is applied, the UE preferentially selects anchor carrier #1, which has a smaller frequency gap, from among anchor carriers #0 and #1.

[0130] ―◆Option 1-2 If LP signal reception is set / enabled, and the UE fails to receive an LP signal between the start of monitoring the LP signal on the second carrier [within the second carrier group] and the monitoring time T_s [ms or symbol or slot or frame or subframe], it switches to the next highest priority second carrier (candidate carrier) [within the second carrier group] and monitors the LP signal on that second carrier.

[0131] The criteria / timing for initiating monitoring of the second carrier may be based on one of the following options 1-2-x:

[0132] --◆Option 1-2-1 The timing at which the MR synchronization signal is received on the first carrier. For example, the timing of the start of monitoring on the second carrier may be the beginning (start) or end (end) symbol of the MR synchronization signal received on the first carrier.

[0133] --◆Option 1-2-2 After a waiting period T_r [ms or symbol or slot or frame or subframe] from the time the MR synchronization signal is received on the first carrier. For example, the timing of the start of monitoring on the second carrier may be after T_r has elapsed from the time the MR synchronization signal received on the first carrier is received.

[0134] --◆Option 1-2-3 A combination of Option 1-2-1 and Option 1-2-2.

[0135] The values ​​for monitoring time and / or standby time may be specified in the specifications, or they may be set / updated / instructed from the network to the user interface via RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI.

[0136] Figure 6 shows an example of anchor carrier switching according to option 1-2 of Embodiment 2. In this example, the anchor carrier group includes anchor carrier #0 having the first priority and anchor carrier #1 having the second priority. When LP signal reception is set / enabled, the UE first monitors the LP signal on anchor carrier #0, which has the highest priority. Subsequently, if the UE fails to receive an LP signal on anchor carrier #0 from the start of monitoring the LP signal until after monitoring time T_s, it switches to anchor carrier #1, which has the next highest priority, and monitors the LP signal on anchor carrier #1.

[0137] In the examples in Figures 7A and 7B, the anchor carrier group includes anchor carrier #0 having the first priority, anchor carrier #1 having the second priority, and anchor carrier #2 having the third priority.

[0138] In the example in Figure 7A, the monitoring time T_s for anchor carriers #0, #1, and #2 is the same. The common monitoring time T_s for multiple anchor carriers may be specified in the specifications or may be set / updated / instructed by RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI. If LP signal reception is set / enabled, the UE first monitors the LP signal on anchor carrier #0, which has the highest priority. Subsequently, if the UE fails to receive the LP signal on anchor carrier #0 after the monitoring time T_s from the start of monitoring, it switches to anchor carrier #1, which has the next highest priority, and monitors the LP signal on anchor carrier #1. Subsequently, if the UE fails to receive the LP signal on anchor carrier #1 after the monitoring time T_s from the start of monitoring, it switches to anchor carrier #2, which has the next highest priority, and monitors the LP signal on anchor carrier #2. Subsequently, if the UE fails to receive the LP signal on anchor carrier #2 within the monitoring time T_s from the start of monitoring the LP signal, it may continue monitoring the LP signal on anchor carrier #2, or it may switch to anchor carrier #0 and repeat this monitoring operation.

[0139] In the example in Figure 7B, monitoring times T_s1, T_s2, and T_s3 are associated with anchor carriers #0, #1, and #2, respectively. Individual monitoring times T_s1, T_s2, and T_s3 for each anchor carrier may be specified in the specification or set / updated / instructed by RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI. When LP signal reception is set / enabled, the UE first monitors the LP signal on anchor carrier #0, which has the highest priority. Subsequently, if the UE fails to receive an LP signal on anchor carrier #0 after monitoring time T_s1 from the start of monitoring, it switches to anchor carrier #1, which has the next highest priority, and monitors the LP signal on anchor carrier #1. Subsequently, if the UE fails to receive an LP signal on anchor carrier #1 after monitoring time T_s2 from the start of monitoring, it switches to anchor carrier #2, which has the next highest priority, and monitors the LP signal on anchor carrier #2. Subsequently, if the UE fails to receive the LP signal on anchor carrier #2 between the start of monitoring the LP signal and the end of the monitoring time T_s2, it may continue monitoring the LP signal on anchor carrier #2, or it may switch to anchor carrier #0 and repeat this monitoring operation.

[0140] Figure 8A shows an example of the monitoring start timing according to option 1-2-1 of Embodiment 2. In this example, the UE starts monitoring the LP signal on anchor carrier #0 from the timing of the end of the MR synchronization signal on the perch carrier.

[0141] Figure 8B shows an example of the monitoring start timing for option 1-2-2 of Embodiment 2. In this example, the UE starts monitoring the LP signal on anchor carrier #0 at a timing T_r after the end of the MR synchronization signal on the perch carrier.

[0142] ―◆Option 1-3 The UE receives / monitors the LP signal on a single second carrier based on a combination of Option 1-1 and Option 1-2.

[0143] ◆Option 2 The UE may simultaneously receive / monitor LP signals on multiple second carriers.

[0144] The maximum number of second carriers that can be received / monitored simultaneously may be specified in the specifications, reported from the UE to the NW as UE capability, or set / updated / instructed from the NW to the UE by RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI depending on UE capability.

[0145] ◆Option 3 The UE may switch between Option 1 and Option 2 depending on the UE's capabilities.

[0146] <Embodiment 3> The carrier for receiving non-LP signals (non-LP signal carrier) may be the same as or different from the carrier for receiving LP signals (LP signal carrier). The LP signal carrier may be a second carrier. The non-LP signal carrier may be the same second carrier as the LP signal carrier, a different second carrier from the LP signal carrier, or a carrier other than a second carrier.

[0147] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately determine the carrier for receiving LP signals and the carrier for receiving non-LP signals.

[0148] Non-LP signal carriers may be associated with LP signal carriers. LP signal carriers and non-LP signal carriers may be included within the same second carrier group.

[0149] Non-LP signals may include, for example, paging messages. Non-LP signal carriers may be, for example, carriers for receiving paging messages (paging carriers).

[0150] The UE may select an LP signal carrier and a paging carrier from the second carrier group. The UE may receive / monitor LP signals on the LP signal carrier and receive / monitor paging messages on the paging carrier.

[0151] The paging carrier may be selected from all carriers within the second carrier group.

[0152] The paging carrier may be selected from multiple carriers other than the LP signal carrier within the second carrier group. The UE may select the LP signal carrier from the second carrier group and then select the paging carrier from one or more second carriers within that second carrier group excluding the LP signal carrier. The priority of the paging carrier may be lower than that of the LP signal carrier. The UE may select the LP signal carrier from the second carrier group and then select the second carrier with the next highest priority after the LP signal carrier within that second carrier group as the paging carrier.

[0153] The selection of the LP signal carrier and the reception / monitoring of the LP signal may be based on at least one of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

[0154] The UE may prioritize selecting a high-priority second carrier from among multiple second carriers (multiple candidate carriers) [within the second carrier group] and attempt to receive paging messages on the selected second carrier (paging carrier). The priority rule may be based on one or more of the following options x:

[0155] --◆Option 1: Priority is based on the secondary carrier index. For example, the smaller the secondary carrier index, the higher the priority.

[0156] --◆Option 2 Priority is based on the frequency position of the second carrier. For example, the lower the frequency of the [start / end] RE at the end of the second carrier, the higher the priority. For example, the lower the center frequency of the second carrier, the higher the priority.

[0157] --◆Option 3 The priority is based on the frequency gap between the LP signal carrier and the paging carrier. For example, the smaller the frequency gap, the higher the priority. For example, the reference frequency position of the LP signal carrier and the paging carrier used in calculating the frequency gap may be the center frequency of each carrier, or the start or end RE / RB frequency of each carrier.

[0158] --◆Option 4 Priority is based on the frequency gap between the first carrier and the paging carrier. For example, the smaller the frequency gap, the higher the priority. For example, the reference frequency position of each carrier used in calculating the frequency gap may be the center frequencies of the first and second carriers, or the start or end RE / RB frequencies of each carrier.

[0159] One or more of the multiple options 1-1-x may be applied, as configured / updated / instructed from the NW to the UE by RRC IE / MAC CE / DCI.

[0160] The UE may select a second carrier from the second carrier group for receiving LP signals and paging messages.

[0161] The selection of a second carrier for receiving LP signals and paging messages may be based on at least one of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

[0162] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0163] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0164] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0165] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0166] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive at least one piece of information (QCL information) from the NW from among several of the following QCL rules / QCL types: ◆ QCL type A (Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread) ◆ QCL type B (Doppler shift and Doppler spread) ◆ QCL type C (Doppler shift and mean delay) ◆ QCL type D (spatial reception parameters)

[0167] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: ◆SSB ◆CSI-RS with / without repetition ◆TRS ◆DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH

[0168] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: ◆ Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE ◆ Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells ◆ Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG)

[0169] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LPP messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0170] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0171] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0172] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0173] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: ◆ A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; ◆ A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; ◆ The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0174] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: ◆ Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; ◆ The capability of each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each option in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple options in each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each choice in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple choices in each embodiment.

[0175] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC), or a capability per functionality / model.

[0176] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0177] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0178] Information regarding whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: ◆ The information is set by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is determined by one or more relevant higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. ◆ The information is based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆ The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is determined by a combination of several of the above methods. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCIs and reported by UE capabilities.

[0179] The above multiple embodiments / options / choices may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice.

[0180] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. <Note 1> A terminal having: a first receiver; a second receiver; and a control unit that, when the first receiver is on, controls the reception of a first signal on a first carrier using the first receiver, determines a second carrier based on the reception of the first signal, and controls the reception of a second signal on the second carrier using the second receiver when the first receiver is off. <Note 2> The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the first carrier is associated with one or more second carriers. <Note 3> The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit selects the second carrier from a plurality of carriers associated with the first carrier. <Note 4> The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit selects a third carrier from a plurality of carriers associated with the first carrier to be used for receiving a third signal after the reception of the second signal. <Note A> A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits a first signal on a first carrier and a control unit that controls the transmission of a second signal on a second carrier, wherein when the first receiver of a terminal is on, the first signal is received using the first receiver, the second carrier is determined based on the reception of the first signal, and when the first receiver is off, the second signal is received using the second receiver of the terminal.

[0181] <Supplement> The terminal in Appendix 1 to Appendix 4 may be a user terminal 20. The first receiver / second receiver in Appendix 1 to Appendix 4 may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit in Appendix 1 to Appendix 4 may be a control unit 210. The base station in Appendix A may be a base station 10. The receiving / transmitting unit in Appendix A may be a transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit in Appendix A may be a control unit 110.

[0182] The UE / transmitting unit 220 may have a first receiver and a second receiver.

[0183] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0184] Figure 9 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0185] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0186] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0187] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0188] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0189] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0190] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0191] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0192] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0193] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0194] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0195] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0196] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0197] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0198] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0199] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0200] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0201] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0202] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0203] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0204] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0205] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0206] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0207] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0208] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0209] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0210] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0211] (Base Station) Figure 10 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0212] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0213] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0214] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0215] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0216] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0217] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0218] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0219] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0220] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0221] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0222] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0223] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0224] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0225] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0226] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0227] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0228] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0229] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0230] (User Terminal) Figure 11 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0231] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0232] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0233] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0234] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0235] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0236] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0238] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0239] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0240] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0241] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0242] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0243] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0244] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0245] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0246] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0247] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0248] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0249] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0250] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0251] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0252] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0253] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0254] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0255] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0256] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0257] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0258] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0259] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0260] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0261] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0262] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0263] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0264] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0265] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0266] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0267] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0268] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0269] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0270] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0271] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0272] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0273] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0274] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0275] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0276] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0277] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0278] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0279] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0280] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0281] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0282] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0283] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0284] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0285] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0286] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0287] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0288] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0289] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0290] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0291] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0292] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0293] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0294] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0295] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0296] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0297] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0298] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0299] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0300] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0301] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0302] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0303] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0304] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0305] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0306] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0307] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0308] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0309] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0310] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0311] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0312] Figure 13 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0313] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0314] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0315] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0316] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0317] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0318] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0319] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0320] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0321] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0322] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0323] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0324] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0325] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0326] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0327] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0328] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0329] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0330] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0331] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0332] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0333] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0334] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0335] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0336] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0337] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0338] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0339] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0340] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0341] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0342] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0343] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0344] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0345] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0346] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a first receiver, a second receiver, and a control unit that, when the first receiver is on, controls the reception of a first signal on a first carrier using the first receiver, determines a second carrier based on the reception of the first signal, and, when the first receiver is off, controls the reception of a second signal on the second carrier using the second receiver.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the first carrier is associated with one or more second carriers.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit selects the second carrier from a plurality of carriers associated with the first carrier.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit selects a third carrier from a plurality of carriers associated with the first carrier to be used for receiving the third signal after receiving the second signal.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: when the first receiver is turned on, controlling the reception of a first signal on a first carrier using the first receiver; determining a second carrier based on the reception of the first signal; and when the first receiver is turned off, controlling the reception of a second signal on the second carrier using the second receiver.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a first signal on a first carrier; and a control unit that controls the transmission of a second signal on a second carrier, wherein when the first receiver of a terminal is on, the first signal is received using the first receiver, the second carrier is determined based on the reception of the first signal, and when the first receiver is off, the second signal is received using the second receiver of the terminal.

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