Light absorbing anisotropic film, light absorbing anisotropic film manufacturing method, layered body, compound lens, and virtual reality display device

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a light absorbing anisotropic film that has a high film strength, as well as a light absorbing anisotropic film manufacturing method, a layered body, a compound lens, and a virtual reality display device. In this light absorbing anisotropic film, the absolute value ΔT of the difference between the average values of transmittances satisfies the following expression (A).　(A): ΔT1=|T1–T2|≤1.5%　In expression (A), T1 represents the average value of the transmittance of the light absorbing anisotropic film, and T2 represents the average value of the transmittance of the light absorbing anisotropic film after being heated for 10 minutes at 130°C.

Description

Light-absorbing anisotropic film, method for manufacturing a light-absorbing anisotropic film, laminate, composite lens, and virtual reality display device.

[0001] The present invention relates to a light-absorbing anisotropic film, a method for manufacturing a light-absorbing anisotropic film, a laminate, a composite lens, and a virtual reality display device.

[0002] Traditionally, when functions such as attenuation, polarization, scattering, or light shielding of irradiated light, including laser light or natural light, were required, devices operating on different principles were used for each function. Therefore, products corresponding to these functions were manufactured using different manufacturing processes for each function. For example, in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), linear and circular polarizers are used to control optical rotation and birefringence in the display. Similarly, in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), circular polarizers are used to prevent reflection of ambient light.

[0003] Conventionally, iodine has been widely used as a dichroic substance in these polarizing plates (polarizing elements), but polarizing elements that use organic dyes as dichroic substances instead of iodine are also being investigated. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a light-absorbing anisotropic film having a curved surface portion, wherein the difference in transmittance measured by a predetermined procedure is 2.5% or less ([Claim 1]).

[0004] International Publication No. 2024 / 202820

[0005] The present inventors investigated known light-absorbing anisotropic films described in Patent Document 1 and others (including those using iodine) and found that there was room for improvement in film strength.

[0006] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a light-absorbing anisotropic film having high film strength, as well as a method for manufacturing a light-absorbing anisotropic film, a laminate, a composite lens, and a virtual reality display device.

[0007] The inventors diligently studied to achieve the above objectives and discovered that a light-absorbing anisotropic film in which the difference in the average transmittance before and after heating at 130°C for 10 minutes is within 1.5% has high film strength, thus completing the present invention. In other words, the inventors found that the above objectives can be solved by the following configuration.

[0008] [1] A light-absorbing anisotropic film in which the absolute value ΔT1 of the difference between the average values ​​of the transmittances satisfies the following formula (A): ΔT1 = |T1 - T2| ≤ 1.5% (A) where, in formula (A), T1 represents the average value of the transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic film. T2 represents the average value of the transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic film after heating at 130°C for 10 minutes. [2] The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to [1], wherein the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 400 nm is 92% or more. [3] The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to [1] or [2] having a three-dimensional curved surface shape. [4] The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to [3], wherein the maximum value of the radius of curvature of the three-dimensional curved surface shape is 30 mm or more and 80 mm or less. [5] The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the average value T1 is 35% or more. [6] A light-absorbing anisotropic film according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the degree of polarization at wavelengths of 380 to 780 nm is 90% or more. [7] A light-absorbing anisotropic film according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the number of peaks appearing in the X-ray diffraction spectrum with diffraction angle 2θ in the range of 15 to 30° is 2 or more. [8] A light-absorbing anisotropic film according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the number of peaks appearing in the X-ray diffraction spectrum with diffraction angle 2θ in the range of 15 to 30° is 5 or more. [9] A light-absorbing anisotropic film according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the number of peaks appearing in the X-ray diffraction spectrum with diffraction angle 2θ in the range of 15 to 30° is 7 or more.

[10] A light-absorbing anisotropic film according to any one of [1] to [9], containing a dichroic substance.

[11] A dichroic substance content of 150 mg / cm² ３The light-absorbing anisotropic film described in

[10] .

[12] The light-absorbing anisotropic film described in

[10] or

[11] , wherein the dichroic material is at least four types of dichroic materials, including a dichroic material having a structure represented by formula (1) described later, and a dichroic material having a structure represented by formula (2) described later.

[13] The light-absorbing anisotropic film described in

[12] , wherein the dichroic material is at least four types of dichroic materials, including at least two types of dichroic materials having a structure represented by formula (1), and at least two types of dichroic materials having a structure represented by formula (2).

[14] A method for producing a light-absorbing anisotropic film described in any of [1] to

[13] , wherein the maximum temperature when producing the light-absorbing anisotropic film is 150°C or higher.

[15] A laminate having the light-absorbing anisotropic film described in any of [1] to

[13] .

[16] A composite lens having the laminate described in

[15] , a lens, and a half-mirror in that order.

[17] A virtual reality display device having the laminate described in

[15] .

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a light-absorbing anisotropic film having high film strength, as well as a method for manufacturing the light-absorbing anisotropic film, a laminate, a composite lens, and a virtual reality display device.

[0010] Figure 1 is a top view showing an example of the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the procedure for measuring transmittance. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the laminate of the present invention. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the composite lens of the present invention. Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the virtual reality display device of the present invention, representing an example of the light rays of the main image.

[0011] The present invention will now be described in detail. The following descriptions of constituent elements may be based on representative embodiments and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments. In this specification, numerical ranges expressed using "~" mean a range that includes the numbers written before and after "~" as the lower and upper limits. In this specification, an upper or lower limit stated in a numerical range described in steps may be replaced with an upper or lower limit in another numerical range described in steps. In addition, an upper or lower limit stated in a numerical range described in this specification may be replaced with a value shown in the examples. In this specification, each component may be made using one substance alone or two or more substances in combination. Here, when two or more substances are used in combination for each component, the content for that component refers to the total content of the substances used in combination, unless otherwise specified. In this specification, "(meth)acrylic" is a notation that represents "acrylic" or "methacrylic".

[0012] In this specification, "transmittance" refers to the average transmittance in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm.

[0013] In this specification, the "absorption axis" refers to the polarization direction in which the absorbance is maximized when linearly polarized light is incident on the surface. The "reflection axis" refers to the polarization direction in which the reflectance is maximized when linearly polarized light is incident on the surface. The "transmission axis" refers to the direction in which the absorption axis or reflection axis is perpendicular to the surface. Furthermore, the "latent axis" refers to the direction in which the refractive index is maximized.

[0014] In this specification, Re(λ) and Rth(λ) represent the in-plane retardation and thickness retardation at wavelength λ, respectively. Unless otherwise specified, wavelength λ is 550 nm. In this invention, Re(λ) and Rth(λ) are values ​​measured at wavelength λ using an AxoScan (manufactured by Axometrics). By inputting the average refractive index ((nx + ny + nz) / 3) and film thickness (d) into the AxoScan, the following can be calculated in the slow axis direction (°): Re(λ) = R0(λ) Rth(λ) = ((nx + ny) / 2 - nz) × d Note that R0(λ) is displayed as a numerical value calculated by the AxoScan, but it means Re(λ).

[0015] In this specification, the refractive indices nx, ny, and nz are measured using an Abbe refractometer (NAR-4T, manufactured by Atago Corporation) with a sodium lamp (λ = 589 nm) as the light source. Wavelength dependence can be measured using a multi-wavelength Abbe refractometer DR-M2 (manufactured by Atago Corporation) in combination with an interference filter. Values ​​from the Polymer Handbook (JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.) and catalogs of various optical films can also be used. Examples of average refractive index values ​​for major optical films are given below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49), and polystyrene (1.59).

[0016] In this specification, A plates and C plates are defined as follows: There are two types of A plates: positive A plates and negative A plates. When the refractive index in the slow axis direction within the film plane (the direction in which the refractive index is maximum within the plane) is nx, the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis within the plane is ny, and the refractive index in the thickness direction is nz, a positive A plate satisfies the relationship in equation (A1), and a negative A plate satisfies the relationship in equation (A2). Note that a positive A plate has a positive Rth value, and a negative A plate has a negative Rth value. Equation (A1) nx > ny ≈ nz Equation (A2) ny < nx ≈ nz Note that the above "≈" includes not only cases where the two are completely identical, but also cases where the two are substantially identical. "Substantially identical" means, for example, that when (ny - nz) × d (where d is the film thickness) is -10 to 10 nm, preferably -5 to 5 nm, it is included in "ny ≈ nz", and when (nx - nz) × d is -10 to 10 nm, preferably -5 to 5 nm, it is included in "nx ≈ nz". There are two types of C plates: positive C plates and negative C plates. A positive C plate satisfies the relationship in equation (C1), and a negative C plate satisfies the relationship in equation (C2). Note that a positive C plate shows a negative Rth value, and a negative C plate shows a positive Rth value. Equation (C1) nz > nx ≈ ny Equation (C2) nz < nx ≈ ny Note that the above "≈" includes not only cases where the two are completely identical, but also cases where the two are substantially identical. "Substantially identical" means that, for example, when (nx - ny) × d (where d is the thickness of the film) is 0 to 10 nm, preferably 0 to 5 nm, it is included in "nx ≈ ny".

[0017] In this specification, examples of substituents (monovalent substituents) include the substituents listed in substituent group A below. In this specification, "may have substituents" includes not only embodiments without substituents but also embodiments having one or more substituents. <Substituent Group A> Substituents include, for example, halogen atoms (e.g., fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom); alkyl groups (preferably C1 to C48, more preferably C1 to C24, particularly preferably C1 to C8 alkyl groups, for example, linear alkyl groups having C1 to C6 (e.g., methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group), branched alkyl groups having C3 to C6 (e.g., isopropyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, sec-butyl group, neopentyl group, isohexyl group, 3-methylpentyl group), and cyclic alkyl groups having C3 to C12 (e.g., cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, 1-norbornyl group, 1-adamantyl group)); Alkenyl groups (preferably 2 to 48 C12, more preferably 2 to 18 C12 alkenyl groups, for example vinyl groups, allyl groups, 1-butenyl groups, 2-butenyl groups); Alkynyl groups (preferably 2 to 6 C12 alkynyl groups, more preferably 2 to 4 C12 alkynyl groups, for example ethynyl groups, 1-propynyl groups, propargyl groups, 1-butynyl groups, 2-butynyl groups); Aryl groups (preferably 6 to 48 C12, more preferably 6 to 24 C12 aryl groups, for example phenyl groups, oligoaryl groups (naphthyl groups, anthryl groups), phenanthrenyl groups, fluorenyl groups, pyrenyl groups, triphenylenyl groups, biphenyl groups); Heteroaryl groups (preferably heterocyclic groups having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms, for example, 2-thienyl group, 4-pyridyl group, 2-furyl group, 2-pyrimidinyl group, 1-pyridyl group, 2-benzothiazolyl group, 1-imidazolyl group, 1-pyrazolyl group, benzotriazole-1-yl group);Arylalkyl groups (preferably arylalkyl groups having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, for example, benzyl group, phenethyl group, methylbenzyl group, phenylpropyl group, 1-methylphenylethyl group, phenylbutyl group, 2-methylphenylpropyl group, tetrahydronaphthyl group, naphthylmethyl group, naphthylethyl group, indenyl group, fluorenyl group, anthracenylmethyl group (anthrylmethyl group), phenanthrylmethyl group (phenanthrylmethyl group)); silyl groups (preferably silyl groups having 3 to 38 carbon atoms, more preferably silyl groups having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, for example, trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tributylsilyl group, t-butyldimethylsilyl group, t-hexyldimethylsilyl group); hydroxyl groups; cyano groups; nitro groups; morpholino groups; Alkoxy groups (preferably alkoxy groups having 1 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, 1-butoxy group, 2-butoxy group, isopropoxy group, t-butoxy group, dodecyloxy group, cycloalkyloxy group (for example, cyclopentyloxy group, cyclohexyloxy group)); aryloxy groups (preferably aryloxy groups having 6 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, phenoxy group, 1-naphthoxy group); alkenyloxy groups (preferably alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, vinyloxy group, 1-propenyloxy group, 2-n-propenyloxy group (allyloxy group), 1-n-butenyloxy group, prenyloxy group); Heterocyclic oxy groups (preferably heterocyclic oxy groups having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms, for example, 1-phenyltetrazole-5-oxy group, 2-tetrahydropyranyloxy group); silyloxy groups (preferably silyloxy groups having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms, for example, trimethylsilyloxy group, t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, diphenylmethylsilyloxy group); acyloxy groups (preferably acyloxy groups having 2 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, acetoxy group, pivaloyloxy group, benzoyloxy group, dodecanoyloxy group, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group);Hydroxyalkyl groups (preferably hydroxyalkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, hydroxymethyl groups); hydroxyalkyleneoxy groups (preferably hydroxyalkyleneoxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, for example, hydroxyethyleneoxy groups); alkoxycarbonyloxy groups (preferably alkoxycarbonyloxy groups having 2 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, ethoxycarbonyloxy groups, t-butoxycarbonyloxy groups, cycloalkyloxycarbonyloxy groups (for example, cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy groups)); aryloxycarbonyloxy groups (preferably aryloxycarbonyloxy groups having 7 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, phenoxycarbonyloxy groups); Carbamoyloxy groups (preferably carbamoyloxy groups having 1 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy group, N-butylcarbamoyloxy group, N-phenylcarbamoyloxy group, N-ethyl-N-phenylcarbamoyloxy group); sulfamoyloxy groups (preferably sulfamoyloxy groups having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, N,N-diethylsulfamoyloxy group, N-propylsulfamoyloxy group); alkylsulfonyloxy groups (preferably alkylsulfonyloxy groups having 1 to 38 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, methylsulfonyloxy group, hexadecylsulfonyloxy group, cyclohexylsulfonyloxy group); arylsulfonyloxy groups (preferably arylsulfonyloxy groups having 6 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, phenylsulfonyloxy group); Acyl groups (preferably acyl groups having 1 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably acyl groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, formyl group, acetyl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group, pivaloyl group, benzoyl group, tetradecanoyl group, cyclohexanoyl group);Alkoxycarbonyl groups (preferably alkoxycarbonyl groups having 2 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, octadecyloxycarbonyl group, cyclohexyloxycarbonyl group, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexyloxycarbonyl group); aryloxycarbonyl groups (preferably aryloxycarbonyl groups having 7 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, phenoxycarbonyl group); Carbamoyl groups (preferably carbamoyl groups having 1 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, carbamoyl group, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl group, N-ethyl-N-octylcarbamoyl group, N,N-dibutylcarbamoyl group, N-propylcarbamoyl group, N-phenylcarbamoyl group, N-methylN-phenylcarbamoyl group, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbamoyl group); amino groups (preferably amino groups having 32 or fewer carbon atoms, more preferably 24 or fewer carbon atoms, for example, amino group, methylamino group, N,N-dimethylamino group, N,N-dibutylamino group, tetradecylamino group, 2-ethylhexylamino group, cyclohexylamino group); anilino groups (preferably anilino groups having 6 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, anilino group, N-methylanilino group); Heterocyclic amino groups (preferably heterocyclic amino groups having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms, for example, 4-pyridylamino group); carbonamide groups (preferably carbonamide groups having 2 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, acetamide group, benzamide group, tetradecaneamide group, pivaloylamide group, cyclohexaneamide group); ureido groups (preferably carbonamide groups having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably carbonamide groups having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, ureido group, N,N-dimethylureido group, N-phenylureido group); imide groups (preferably imide groups having 36 carbon atoms or less, more preferably carbon atoms of 24 carbon atoms or less, for example, N-succinimide group, N-phthalimide group);Alkoxycarbonylamino groups (preferably alkoxycarbonylamino groups having 2 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, methoxycarbonylamino group, ethoxycarbonylamino group, t-butoxycarbonylamino group, octadecyloxycarbonylamino group, cyclohexyloxycarbonylamino group); aryloxycarbonylamino groups (preferably aryloxycarbonylamino groups having 7 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, phenoxycarbonylamino group); sulfonamide groups (preferably sulfonamide groups having 1 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, methanesulfonamide group, butanesulfonamide group, benzenesulfonamide group, hexadecanesulfonamide group, cyclohexanesulfonamide group); Sulfamoylamino groups (preferably C1-C48, more preferably C1-C24 sulfamoylamino groups, for example, N,N-dipropylsulfamoylamino group, N-ethyl-N-dodecylsulfamoylamino group); Azo groups (preferably C1-C32, more preferably C1-C24 azo groups, for example, phenylazo group, 3-pyrazolylazo group); Alkylthio groups (preferably C1-C48, more preferably C1-C24 alkylthio groups, for example, methylthio group, ethylthio group, octylthio group, cyclohexylthio group); Arylthio groups (preferably C6-C48, more preferably C6-C24 arylthio groups, for example, phenylthio group); Heterocyclic thio groups (preferably C1-C32, more preferably C1-C18 heterocyclic thio groups, for example, 2-benzothiazolylthio group, 2-pyridylthio group, 1-phenyltetrazolylthio group); Alkyl sulfinyl group (preferably an alkyl sulfinyl group having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl sulfinyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, dodecane sulfinyl group); aryl sulfinyl group (preferably an aryl sulfinyl group having 6 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably an aryl sulfinyl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, phenyl sulfinyl group);Alkylsulfonyl groups (preferably alkylsulfonyl groups having 1 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example methylsulfonyl group, ethylsulfonyl group, propylsulfonyl group, butylsulfonyl group, isopropylsulfonyl group, 2-ethylhexylsulfonyl group, hexadecylsulfonyl group, octylsulfonyl group, cyclohexylsulfonyl group); arylsulfonyl groups (preferably arylsulfonyl groups having 6 to 48 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 24 carbon atoms, for example phenylsulfonyl group, 1-naphthylsulfonyl group); sulfamoyl groups (preferably sulfamoyl groups having 32 or fewer carbon atoms, more preferably 24 or fewer carbon atoms, for example sulfamoyl group, N,N-dipropylsulfamoyl group, N-ethyl-N-dodecylsulfamoyl group, N-ethyl-N-phenylsulfamoyl group, N-cyclohexylsulfamoyl group, N-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfamoyl group); Phosphonyl group (preferably a phosphonyl group having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably a phosphonyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, a phenoxyphosphonyl group, an octyloxyphosphonyl group, or a phenylphosphonyl group); phosphinoylamino group (preferably a phosphinoylamino group having 1 to 32 carbon atoms, more preferably a phosphinoylamino group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, for example, a diethoxyphosphinoylamino group or a dioctyloxyphosphinoylamino group); epoxy group; -NHCOCH; ３ ;-SO ２ NHC ２ H ４ OCH ３ ;-NHSO ２ CH ３ Examples include ;, and two or more of these may be combined. These substituents may be further substituted by other substituents. If there are two or more substituents, they may be the same or different. Also, if possible, they may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

[0018] [Optical Absorption Anisotropic Film] The optical absorption anisotropic film of the present invention is an optical absorption anisotropic film in which the absolute value ΔT1 of the difference in the average values ​​of the transmittances satisfies the following formula (A) (hereinafter, this will also be simply abbreviated as "the transmittance difference satisfies formula (A)"). ΔT1 = |T1 - T2| ≤ 1.5% (A) Here, in the above formula (A), T1 represents the average value of the transmittance of the optical absorption anisotropic film, and T2 represents the average value of the transmittance of the optical absorption anisotropic film after heating at 130°C for 10 minutes. Furthermore, the optical absorption anisotropic film of the present invention is a film that exhibits absorption anisotropy in at least a part of the wavelength region of 380 to 780 nm, and it is preferable that the absorption anisotropy is in the in-plane direction of the optical absorption anisotropic film. In particular, it is preferable that the optical absorption anisotropic film functions as an absorption-type linear polarizer.

[0019] As described above, the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention has high film strength because the transmittance difference satisfies equation (A). The reason for this effect is not entirely clear, but the inventors speculate as follows. First, the state in which the transmittance difference satisfies equation (A) indicates that the orientation and dispersion states of the components contained in the light-absorbing anisotropic film are not easily affected by thermal fluctuations. Therefore, it is presumed that the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention remains in the same state as described above even under external energy such as fracture, and as a result, it is thought to have high film strength.

[0020] The light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention preferably has a curved surface portion. Here, the curved surface portion means a part with a curved shape. The curved shape means a shape having a curvature greater than 0, and includes curved shapes that are developable surfaces and three-dimensional curved shapes. The radius of curvature of the shape having curvature is preferably 10 mm or more and 120 mm or less, and more preferably 15 mm or more and 90 mm or less. A developable surface means a surface that can be unfolded into a plane without stretching or contracting each part of the surface, and examples of curved shapes that are developable surfaces include surfaces corresponding to cylindrical surfaces, elliptical cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, and elliptical cone surfaces, and may be convex or concave curved surfaces. A three-dimensional curved surface means a curved surface that does not exist through the deformation of a plane, that is, a curved surface that is not a developable surface, and examples of three-dimensional curved surfaces include surfaces corresponding to spheres and ellipsoidal surfaces, and surfaces whose cross-section forms a parabola or hyperbola (for example, a paraboloid of revolution), and may be convex or concave curved surfaces.

[0021] In the present invention, it is preferable that the light-absorbing anisotropic film has a three-dimensional curved shape, and more preferably that it has a three-dimensional curved shape with a maximum radius of curvature of 30 mm or more and 80 mm or less, in order to significantly expand the field of view when used in a virtual reality display device (particularly a virtual reality display device having a three-dimensional curved lens) as described later.

[0022] Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the light-absorbing anisotropic film has a lens-shaped curved surface. Examples of lens-shaped curved surfaces include spherical shapes and spheroidal shapes, and the lens shape may be convex or concave.

[0023] Figure 1 shows an example of the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention. Figure 1 is a top view of the light-absorbing anisotropic film, and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 1. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the light-absorbing anisotropic film 10 has a curved shape. More specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the light-absorbing anisotropic film 10 has a shape that is curved convexly toward the upper side of the paper (convex shape). In other words, the light-absorbing anisotropic film 10 has a convex shape that protrudes toward one surface side. It can also be said that the light-absorbing anisotropic film 10 has a concave shape with the other surface side concave. In Figure 1, the shape of the light-absorbing anisotropic film when viewed from above is shown as a pentagon, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and the shape of the light-absorbing anisotropic film when viewed from above may be a square, a circle, or any other shape.

[0024] [Transmittance Measurement Procedure] The average transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention (i.e., T1 and T2 in formula (A) above) shall be the values ​​measured by the following procedure. If the light-absorbing anisotropic film is included in a laminated structure, the measurement shall be performed after removing the light-absorbing anisotropic film from the laminated structure by peeling or the like. However, if the adjacent layer to the light-absorbing anisotropic film is a layer that does not affect the transmittance measurement, the measurement may be performed on the laminated structure of the light-absorbing anisotropic film and the adjacent layer. <Procedure> 1: Project the light-absorbing anisotropic film orthogonally and identify the maximum projection image with the largest area. However, if the light-absorbing anisotropic film has a planar shape and does not have a curved shape, the maximum projection image may be interpreted as the main surface of the light-absorbing anisotropic film. 2: Draw a circle X with the minimum area that includes the entire maximum projection image of the light-absorbing anisotropic film, with the centroid of the maximum projection image of the light-absorbing anisotropic film as the center of the circle. 3. Draw a circle Y with a radius of half the radius of circle X, with the centroid of the maximum projection image of the light-absorbing anisotropic film as the center of the circle. 4. Calculate the average value T1 of the transmittance measured at a total of 5 points: the intersection (1 point) of a line passing through the centroid of the maximum projection image of the light-absorbing anisotropic film and extending in the direction normal to the maximum projection image with the light-absorbing anisotropic film, and the intersection (4 points) of each line passing through any 4 points on circle Y and extending in the direction normal to the maximum projection image with the light-absorbing anisotropic film. 5. After heating the light-absorbing anisotropic film at 130°C for 10 minutes, calculate the average value T2 of the transmittance measured in steps 1 to 4 above.

[0025] The procedure for measuring transmittance will be explained using Figure 3. In step 1, the maximum projection image is the projection image with the largest area among the projection images obtained by orthogonally projecting the light-absorbing anisotropic film 10 shown in Figure 1, as shown in maximum projection image 1 in Figure 3. Also, circle X in step 2 is the circle with the smallest area that contains the entire maximum projection image 1 among the circles centered at the centroid 4 of the maximum projection image 1, as shown in circle X2 in Figure 3. Also, circle Y in step 3 is a circle with a radius of 1 / 2 the radius of circle X2, as shown in circle Y3 in Figure 3. Also, the intersection point G in step 4 is a point on the light-absorbing anisotropic film corresponding to the position of the centroid 4 of the maximum projection image 1, that is, the intersection point (1 point) of the light-absorbing anisotropic film with a line that passes through the centroid 4 of the maximum projection image 1 and extends in the direction normal to the maximum projection image 1. Furthermore, each intersection point in step 5 refers to the intersection (4 points) between the light-absorbing anisotropic film and each line extending in the direction normal to the maximum projection image 1, passing through any 4 points Z on the circle Y2. According to the above method, there is no restriction on the size of the measurement sample including the light-absorbing anisotropic film, but it is generally in the range of 2 cm square to 10 cm square. In addition, a size of 2 cm square to 6 cm square is preferable because it allows for a more accurate evaluation of the average transmittance.

[0026] [Measurement Conditions for Transmittance] The transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention refers to the average value of the visibility-corrected single transmittance in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm, as measured using a polarizing film measuring device (for example, an automatic polarizing film measuring device VAP-7070 manufactured by JASCO Corporation). The visibility-corrected single transmittance can be measured by the following procedure. Further, when the light-absorbing anisotropic film has a curved surface portion, the light-absorbing anisotropic film is cut into a 2 cm square, and a sample bonded to a flat glass substrate is prepared. Further, the sample may have other layers that are known not to affect haze on the transmittance side. <Procedure> 1: Set such that the absorption axis of the polarizer is substantially parallel to the bottom side of the sample holder. 2: Set the sample holder in the spectrometer. Since the sample holder is designed to fit properly in a jig inside the spectrometer, the position and orientation of the sample holder are unchanged for each measurement. 3: Perform primary prediction / secondary prediction centering on the angle at which the sample holder is set, and determine the absorption axis. 4: Measure the transmission spectrum in cross nicol / parallel nicol, and calculate the single transmittance, parallel transmittance, orthogonal transmittance, degree of polarization, dichroism, and orientation spectrum. Based on these numerical values, color calculation and weighted averaging using a specified light source and CIE visibility are performed to calculate the visibility-corrected single transmittance.

[0027] As described above, in the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention, the absolute value ΔT1 of the difference between the average transmittance values satisfies the formula (A) described below, and preferably satisfies the following formula (A1), and more preferably satisfies the following formula (A2). ΔT1 = |T1−T2| ≦ 1.5% (A) ΔT1 = |T1−T2| ≦ 1.3% (A1) ΔT1 = |T1−T2| ≦ 1.1% (A2)

[0028] In the present invention, T1 in the above formula (A), that is, the average transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic film before heating at 130°C for 10 minutes is preferably 35% or more, and more preferably 40% or more. Further, the upper limit of T1 in the above formula (A) is not particularly limited, but it is often 50% or less.

[0029] Furthermore, in the present invention, when the polarizing plate is used in a virtual reality display device described later, for the reason that leakage light (ghost) can be suppressed, it is preferable that the degree of polarization of the light-absorbing anisotropic film at a wavelength of 380 to 780 nm (hereinafter, also simply abbreviated as "degree of polarization P") is 90% or more, and more preferably 99% or more. The upper limit of the degree of polarization P is not particularly limited, but is often less than 100%.  Here, the degree of polarization P is calculated by measuring the parallel transmittance (H0) and orthogonal transmittance (H90) of the light-absorbing anisotropic film for light with a wavelength of 380 to 780 nm using an analyzer, and can be calculated from the following formula.  Degree of polarization (%) = {(H0 - H90) / (H0 + H90)}^1 / 2 × 100  Furthermore, the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 400 nm described later can be calculated by measuring the parallel transmittance (H0) and orthogonal transmittance (H90) of the light-absorbing anisotropic film for light with a wavelength of 400 nm and calculating from the above formula.

[0030] Furthermore, in the present invention, when used in a virtual reality display device described later, for the reason that leakage light (ghost) can be further suppressed, the degree of polarization of the light-absorbing anisotropic film at a wavelength of 400 nm (hereinafter, simply abbreviated as "degree of polarization P ４００ ") is preferably 92% or more, more preferably 93% or more. The upper limit of the degree of polarization P ４００ is not particularly limited, but is often less than 100%.

[0031] In the present invention, for the reason that the film strength of the light-absorbing anisotropic film is higher, it is preferable that the number of peaks appearing in the diffraction angle 2θ range of 15 to 30° in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the light-absorbing anisotropic film be 2 or more, more preferably 5 or more, and even more preferably 7 or more. Here, the above X-ray diffraction spectrum is the spectrum obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) measured under the following conditions. For details on how to count the number of peaks, see below. In addition, in XRD, the in-plane rotation angle φ of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer may be fixed at any angle from 0 to 180°, and the measurement range of the diffraction angle 2θ (15 to 30°) may be measured at 0.008° intervals, or the in-plane rotation angle φ (0 to 180°) of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer may be fixed at any angle within the measurement range of the diffraction angle 2θ (15 to 30°), and the measurement range of the light-absorbing anisotropic layer may be fixed at any angle from 0 to 180°, and the measurement range of the diffraction angle 2θ (0 to 180°) may be measured at 1° intervals. <Measurement Conditions> Incident X-ray source: CuKα rays Reference position of rotation angle φ (0°): Absorption axis (measured with Axo scan). Rotation angle φ during measurement: 0° Measurement interval of diffraction angle 2θ: 0.008° Number of integrations: 1 Integration time: 1 deg / min

[0032] Furthermore, the number of peaks appearing in the range where the diffraction angle 2θ in the X-ray diffraction spectrum is 15 to 30° is counted by the following procedure. <Procedure> 1: XRD is measured under the above conditions, and intensity data in increments of 0.008 degrees is obtained (2θ = 15° to 30°) 2: When I(θm) is defined as the intensity after smoothing at a certain angle θm, a 35-point moving average method is performed under the following conditions to carry out smoothing treatment. ・θs = θm - 0.136° ・θe = θm + 0.136° (・15.136° ≦ θm ≦ 29.864°) ・I(θm) = (average value of intensity from θs to θe) 3: For the data of θm and I(θm) (in increments of 0.008°) obtained in the above step 2, when θp satisfying the following conditions are consecutive, a group of 20 or more consecutive θp is counted, and the number thereof is taken as the number of peaks. That is, focusing on the fact that the intensity is always smaller than the maximum value before and after the peak (maximum value), for two points before and after θp (θp ± 0.2°), θp that satisfies I(θp) > I(θp ± 0.2°) is obtained. Furthermore, one peak has a certain width, and a plurality of θp exist consecutively per one peak. Therefore, if I(θp) > I(θp ± 0.2°) is satisfied for 20 or more consecutive θp, this is counted as one peak. ・15.336° ≦ θp ≦ 29.664° ・I(θp) > I(θp - 0.2°) and I(θp) > I(θp + 0.2°)

[0033] The average film thickness of the light absorption anisotropic film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 5.0 µm, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 µm.

[0034] The material of the light absorption anisotropic film of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the transmittance difference of the light absorption anisotropic film satisfies formula (A). For example, dichroic substances used in stretched polarizers (excluding iodine; the same applies hereinafter), liquid crystal compounds, iodine used in stretched polarizers, polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, and the like can be used.

[0035] [First Embodiment] <Dichroic Substance> The light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention preferably contains a dichroic substance. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention that contains a dichroic substance will also be referred to as "the light-absorbing anisotropic film according to the first embodiment of the present invention." Here, a dichroic substance means a dye whose absorbance differs depending on the direction. Furthermore, the dichroic substance may or may not exhibit liquid crystalline properties.

[0036] Dichroic materials are not particularly limited and include visible light absorbing materials (dichroic dyes), luminescent materials (fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials), ultraviolet absorbing materials, infrared absorbing materials, nonlinear optical materials, carbon nanotubes, and inorganic materials (e.g., quantum rods). Conventionally known dichroic materials (dichroic dyes) can also be used. Specifically, for example, paragraphs

[0067] to

[0071] of JP 2013-228706, paragraphs

[0008] to

[0026] of JP 2013-227532, paragraphs

[0008] to

[0015] of JP 2013-209367, paragraphs

[0045] to

[0058] of JP 2013-14883, paragraphs

[0012] to

[0029] of JP 2013-109090, paragraphs

[0009] to

[0017] of JP 2013-101328, JP Paragraphs

[0051] to

[0065] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-37353, paragraphs

[0049] to

[0073] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-63387, paragraphs

[0016] to

[0018] of Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 11-305036, paragraphs

[0009] to

[0011] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-133630, paragraphs

[0030] to

[0169] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-215337, paragraphs

[0021] to

[0075] of Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-106242, and paragraphs [0010-215846] Paragraphs

[0011] to

[0025] of JP 2011-048311, paragraphs

[0017] to

[0069] of JP 2011-213610, paragraphs

[0013] to

[0133] of JP 2011-237513, paragraphs

[0074] to

[0246] of JP 2016-006502, paragraphs

[0005] to

[0051] of JP 2018-053167, paragraphs

[0014] to

[0032] of JP 2020-11716 Paragraphs

[0005] to

[0041] of International Publication No. 2016 / 060173, paragraphs

[0008] to

[0062] of International Publication No. 2016 / 136561, paragraphs

[0014] to

[0033] of International Publication No. 2017 / 154835, paragraphs

[0014] to

[0033] of International Publication No. 2017 / 154695, paragraphs

[0013] to

[0037] of International Publication No. 2017 / 195833, paragraphs

[0014] to

[0034] of International Publication No. 2018 / 164252,Examples include paragraphs

[0021] to

[0030] of International Publication No. 2018 / 186503, paragraphs

[0043] to

[0063] of International Publication No. 2019 / 189345, paragraphs

[0043] to

[0085] of International Publication No. 2019 / 225468, paragraphs

[0050] to

[0074] of International Publication No. 2020 / 004106, and paragraphs

[0015] to

[0038] of International Publication No. 2021 / 044843.

[0037] Dichroic azo dye compounds are preferred as the dichroic substance. Dichroic azo dye compounds refer to azo dye compounds whose absorbance differs depending on the direction. Dichroic azo dye compounds may or may not exhibit liquid crystalline properties. If a dichroic azo dye compound exhibits liquid crystalline properties, it may exhibit either nematic or smectic properties. The temperature range in which the liquid crystalline phase is exhibited is preferably room temperature (about 20 to 28°C) to 300°C, and more preferably 50 to 200°C from the viewpoint of handling and manufacture suitability.

[0038] In the present invention, from the viewpoint of color adjustment, it is preferable to use at least one dye compound (first dichroic azo dye compound) having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 700 nm, and at least one dye compound (second dichroic azo dye compound) having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 nm or more and less than 560 nm.

[0039] Furthermore, in the present invention, three or more dichroic azo dye compounds may be used in combination. For example, from the viewpoint of making the light-absorbing anisotropic film closer to black, it is preferable to use a first dichroic azo dye compound, a second dichroic azo dye compound, and at least one dye compound (third dichroic azo dye compound) having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 380 nm to less than 455 nm.

[0040] Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the dichroic azo dye compound has a crosslinking group. Examples of crosslinking groups include (meth)acryloyl group, epoxy group, oxetanyl group, and styryl group, with (meth)acryloyl group being preferred. In particular, it is preferable to use three or more dichroic azo dye compounds in combination, and for the dichroic azo dye compound having a crosslinking group to be 50% by mass or more of the total mass of the dichroic azo dye compounds.

[0041] In the present invention, it is preferable that the dichroic material is at least four types of dichroic material, including a dichroic material having a structure represented by the following formula (1) and a dichroic material having a structure represented by the following formula (2), for the reason that the film strength of the light-absorbing anisotropic film is higher.

[0042] In formula (1) above, X represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Here, examples of substituents represented by one aspect of X include those listed in substituent group A above, among which alkyl groups and alkoxy groups are preferred. In the present invention, X is preferably a hydrogen atom.

[0043] In formulas (1) and (2) above, R represents a substituent. Examples of substituents represented by R include those listed in substituent group A above, among which alkyl groups and alkoxy groups are preferred.

[0044] In the above formulas (1) and (2), m represents an integer from 0 to 5. However, multiple m values ​​may be the same or different. Also, if there are multiple R values ​​depending on the number of m values, the multiple R values ​​may be the same or different. m is preferably an integer from 0 to 3, and more preferably an integer from 0 to 2.

[0045] In the above formula (2), n represents an integer from 0 to 4. However, multiple n values ​​may be the same or different. Also, if there are multiple R values ​​depending on the number of n, the multiple R values ​​may be the same or different. m is preferably an integer from 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 2.

[0046] Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the dichroic material comprises at least four types of dichroic materials, including at least two dichroic materials having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least two dichroic materials having the structure represented by formula (2), for the reason that the film strength of the light-absorbing anisotropic film is further increased.

[0047] Furthermore, in the present invention, it is preferable to use two dichroic substances having the structure represented by formula (1) as at least one dye compound (first dichroic azo dye compound) having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 560 to 700 nm, a dichroic substance having the structure represented by formula (2) as at least one dye compound (second dichroic azo dye compound) having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 455 nm to less than 560 nm, and a dichroic substance having the structure represented by formula (2) as at least one dye compound (third dichroic azo dye compound) having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 380 nm to less than 455 nm.

[0048] In this invention, when used in a virtual reality display device described later, stray light (ghosting) can be further suppressed, and therefore the content of dichroic substances (referring to the total content when two or more dichroic substances are used in combination; the same applies hereinafter) is 150 mg / cm². ３ Preferably, it is 200 mg / cm³ or more. ３ It is more preferable that the amount be greater than or equal to 230 mg / cm³. ３ It is even more preferable that the above is true. Furthermore, there is no particular upper limit to the content of the dichroic substance, but it is 500 mg / cm³. ３ Preferably, it is 400 mg / cm³. ３ The following is more preferable: where the content of the dichroic substance (mg / cm³) ３The pigment content can be obtained by measuring a solution obtained by dissolving an optical laminate having a light-absorbing anisotropic film, or by measuring an extract obtained by immersing the optical laminate in a solvent, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but is not limited to the above method. Quantification can be performed by using the dichroic substance contained in the light-absorbing anisotropic film as a standard sample. One example of a method for calculating the dichroic substance content is to calculate the volume by multiplying the thickness of the light-absorbing anisotropic film obtained from a microscopic image of the cross-section of the optical laminate by the area of ​​the optical laminate used to measure the amount of pigment, and then divide this volume by the amount of pigment measured by HPLC to calculate the pigment content.

[0049] <Liquid Crystal Compounds> The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to the first aspect of the present invention preferably contains a liquid crystal compound. This allows for the orientation of dichroic substances with a higher degree of orientation while suppressing the deposition of dichroic substances. As the liquid crystal compound, either a polymer liquid crystal compound or a low-molecular-weight liquid crystal compound can be used, and a polymer liquid crystal compound is preferred because it can achieve a high degree of orientation. In addition, a polymer liquid crystal compound and a low-molecular-weight liquid crystal compound may be used in combination as the liquid crystal compound. Here, "polymer liquid crystal compound" refers to a liquid crystal compound having repeating units in its chemical structure. Also, "low-molecular-weight liquid crystal compound" refers to a liquid crystal compound that does not have repeating units in its chemical structure. Examples of polymer liquid crystal compounds include the thermotropic liquid crystal polymer described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2011-237513 and the polymer liquid crystal compounds described in paragraphs

[0012] to

[0042] of International Publication No. 2018 / 199096. Examples of low-molecular-weight liquid crystal compounds include those described in paragraphs

[0072] to

[0088] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-228706, among which liquid crystal compounds exhibiting smectic properties are preferred. Examples of such liquid crystal compounds include those described in paragraphs

[0019] to

[0140] of International Publication No. 2022 / 014340, which are incorporated herein by reference. Preferably, the liquid crystal compound is one that does not exhibit dichroism in the visible light region (wavelength region of 380 to 780 nm).

[0050] The content of the liquid crystal compound in the light-absorbing anisotropic film is preferably 25 to 2000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 1300 parts by mass, and even more preferably 200 to 900 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the dichroic substance. Having the liquid crystal compound content within the above range further improves the degree of orientation of the dichroic substance. The liquid crystal compound may be present as a single compound or as two or more compounds. If two or more liquid crystal compounds are present, the content of the liquid crystal compound refers to the total content of the liquid crystal compounds.

[0051] When the light-absorbing anisotropic film according to the first aspect of the present invention contains a liquid crystal compound, it is preferable that the liquid crystal compound is homogeneously oriented within the light-absorbing anisotropic film. Furthermore, it is preferable that the dichroic substance is oriented in a specific direction within the light-absorbing anisotropic film. In particular, it is even more preferable that the dichroic substance is oriented in one direction within the plane within the light-absorbing anisotropic film. It is especially preferable that the dichroic substance is oriented within the homogeneously oriented liquid crystal compound.

[0052] The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to the first aspect of the present invention is preferably a film formed using a light-absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, and more preferably a film in which the orientation state of the light-absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition containing the liquid crystal compound and the dichroic substance is fixed.

[0053] <Surfactants> The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to the first aspect of the present invention preferably contains a surfactant. The surfactant preferably has a leveling function that makes the coated film flat. For example, silicon atom-containing compounds, polyacrylate compounds, and fluorine atom-containing compounds can be used. In particular, from the viewpoint of reducing environmental pollution, silicon atom-containing compounds and polyacrylate compounds are preferred as surfactants, and compounds having a branched siloxane structure are preferred. Copolymers described in International Publication No. 2023 / 054164 are particularly preferred. The surfactant content in the light-absorbing anisotropic film is preferably 0.01% to 10%, more preferably 0.01% to 6.0%, and even more preferably 0.05% to 3.0%, based on the total mass of the solids in the light-absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition (i.e., the mass of the light-absorbing anisotropic film).

[0054] <Other Components> In addition to the components described above, the light-absorbing anisotropic film according to the first aspect of the present invention may also contain adhesion modifiers, plasticizers, and polymers. Examples of adhesion modifiers include reactive additives listed in paragraphs

[0123] to

[0129] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-91088, and boronic acid monomers listed in paragraphs

[0015] to

[0028] of International Publication No. 2015 / 053359.

[0055] [Second Embodiment] <Polyvinyl Alcohol Resin> The light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention preferably contains a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin. Hereinafter, the embodiment in which the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention contains a PVA resin will also be referred to as "the light-absorbing anisotropic film according to the second embodiment of the present invention." Here, as the PVA resin, a polymer material obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate is preferred, but it may also contain components copolymerizable with vinyl acetate, such as unsaturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated sulfonic acids, olefins, and vinyl ethers. Furthermore, as the PVA resin, a modified PVA resin containing acetoacetyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, carboxyl groups, oxyalkylene groups, etc., can also be used.

[0056] [Method for Manufacturing a Light-Absorbing Anisotropic Film] The method for manufacturing a light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the transmittance difference of the light-absorbing anisotropic film satisfies formula (A). However, it is preferable that the maximum temperature when manufacturing the light-absorbing anisotropic film is 150°C or higher, as this makes it easier for the transmittance difference of the manufactured light-absorbing anisotropic film to satisfy formula (A). Here, "maximum temperature when manufacturing a light-absorbing anisotropic film" refers to the highest temperature among the temperatures in each step of manufacturing the light-absorbing anisotropic film (for example, a coating step, an orientation step, a wet stretching step, etc.).

[0057] Furthermore, a method for manufacturing a light-absorbing anisotropic film according to a first aspect of the present invention is described in paragraphs

[0047] to

[0062] of International Publication No. 2024 / 202820, with respect to the above-mentioned temperature conditions (maximum temperature of 150°C or higher), and these descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

[0058] [Laminate] The laminate of the present invention includes the light-absorbing anisotropic film described above. The laminate of the present invention includes other members other than the light-absorbing anisotropic film described above, and the other members are not particularly limited, but examples include a phase difference layer, a reflective polarizer layer (e.g., a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, a linearly polarized reflective polarizer, etc.), a surface anti-reflective layer, an adhesive layer, a support, and an alignment layer. Among these, the phase difference layer and the reflective polarizer layer are preferably cited as other members. That is, the laminate of the present invention is preferably a laminate having a light-absorbing anisotropic film, a phase difference layer, and a reflective polarizer layer.

[0059] Figure 4 shows an example of a laminate of the present invention. The laminate 50A shown in Figure 4 has, in this order, a light-absorbing anisotropic film 52, a phase difference layer 54 that has the function of converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, a positive C plate 56, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 58. Figure 5 shows another example of a laminate of the present invention. The laminate 50B shown in Figure 5 has, in this order, a light-absorbing anisotropic film 52, a linearly polarized reflective polarizer 60, a phase difference layer 54 that has the function of converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, and a positive C plate 56. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, all components included in the laminate 50A and the laminate 50B have a curved shape similar to that of the light-absorbing anisotropic film 52. When the phase difference layer 54 in the laminate 50A and the laminate 50B is a λ / 4 plate, the angle between the slow axis of the phase difference layer 54 and the transmission axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic film 52 is preferably within the range of 45° ± 10°. Laminates 50A and 50B include two phase difference layers: a phase difference layer 54 and a positive C plate 56. In addition, on the side of the optical absorption anisotropy film 52 of laminate 50A opposite to the phase difference layer 54, there may be an additional phase difference layer having the function of converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. Similarly, on the side of the optical absorption anisotropy film 52 of laminate 50B opposite to the linearly polarized reflective polarizer 60, there may be an additional phase difference layer having the function of converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. Laminates 50A and 50B are suitably applied to a virtual reality display device described later. The optical absorption anisotropy film 52 is the optical absorption anisotropy film described above. The optical absorption anisotropy film 52 corresponds to the optical absorption anisotropy film 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 described above. Other components included in the laminate besides the light-absorbing anisotropic film, and methods for manufacturing the laminate, are described in paragraphs

[0065] to

[0085] of International Publication No. 2024 / 202820, and these descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

[0060] [Composite Lens] The composite lens of the present invention comprises the laminate of the present invention described above, a lens, and a half-mirror in that order. Figure 6 shows an example of the composite lens of the present invention. The composite lens 70 comprises a laminate 72, a lens 74, and a half-mirror 76 in that order. As shown in Figure 6, each component included in the composite lens 70 has a curved shape similar to that of a light-absorbing anisotropic film. The configuration of the laminate 72 is as described above. Other components included in the composite lens other than the laminate are described in paragraphs

[0087] to

[0088] of International Publication No. 2024 / 202820, and these descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

[0061] [Virtual Reality Display Device] The virtual reality display device of the present invention has the light-absorbing anisotropic film, laminate, or composite lens of the present invention described above. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of a virtual reality display device. The virtual reality display device 80 shown in Figure 7 has, from the right side in the figure, an image display panel 82, a circular polarizer 84, a half mirror 86, a lens 88, and a laminate 90 of the present invention. The laminate 90 used in Figure 7 has the same configuration as the laminate 50A described above, with the light-absorbing anisotropic film 52 positioned on the eye side. The composite lens described above is formed by the laminate 90, lens 88, and half mirror 86 shown in Figure 7. In the virtual reality display device 80 shown in Figure 7, the light rays 92 emitted from the image display panel 82 pass through the circular polarizer 84 to become circularly polarized light, and then pass through the half mirror 86. Next, the light passes through the lens 88 and enters the laminate 90 of the present invention from the side of the reflective polarizer layer (for example, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer), is reflected, passes through the lens 88 again, is reflected again by the half mirror 86, passes through the lens 88 once more, and enters the laminate 90. At this time, the circular polarization state of the light ray 92 does not change when it is reflected by the laminate 90, but when it is reflected by the half mirror 86, it changes to a circular polarization whose rotation direction is opposite to that of the circular polarization when it entered the laminate 90. Therefore, the light ray 92 passes through the laminate 90 and is visible to the user. Furthermore, when the light ray 92 is reflected by the half mirror 86, the image is magnified because the half mirror has the shape of a concave mirror, and the user can see the magnified virtual image. The above mechanism is called a reciprocating optical system or a folded optical system. Furthermore, the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention contained in the laminate 90 functions as a so-called linear polarizer, blocking light that has unnecessarily passed through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, thereby preventing it from appearing as stray light (ghosting) and being observed by the user of the virtual reality display device. In the light-absorbing anisotropic film of the present invention, since the transmittance measured by the procedure described above satisfies formula (1) above, the occurrence of the stray light (ghosting) can be suppressed.

[0062] The image display panel 82 is a known image display panel (display panel), such as an organic electroluminescent display panel. In the illustrated example, the image display panel 82 emits an unpolarized image (image light). The unpolarized image emitted by the image display panel 82 passes through the circular polarizer 84 and is converted into circularly polarized light.

[0063] The present invention will be described in more detail below based on examples. The materials, amounts used, proportions, processing content, and processing procedures shown in the following examples can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited by the examples shown below.

[0064] [Example 1] [Preparation of Absorption Anisotropic Film A1 Having a Light-Absorbing Anisotropic Film] <Preparation of Support> The following composition was placed in a mixing tank, stirred, and then heated at 90°C for 10 minutes. The obtained composition was then filtered through filter paper with an average pore size of 34 μm and a sintered metal filter with an average pore size of 10 μm to prepare a dope. The solid content concentration of the dope was 23.5% by mass, the amount of plasticizer added was a ratio to the cellulose acylate, and the solvent of the dope was methylene chloride / methanol / butanol = 81 / 18 / 1 (mass ratio).

[0065] ------------------------------------------------------------------- Cellulose acylate dope ------------------------------------------------------------------- Cellulose acylate (acetyl substitution degree 2.86, viscosity-average degree of polymerization 310) 100 parts by mass Sugar ester compound 1 (formula (S4) below) 6.0 parts by mass Sugar ester compound 2 (formula (S5) below) 2.0 parts by mass Silica particle dispersion (AEROSIL R972, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) 0.1 parts by mass Solvent (methylene chloride / methanol / butanol) 351.9 parts by mass

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] The dope prepared as described above was cast using a drum film-forming machine. The dope was cast from the die so that it was in contact with a metal support cooled to 0°C, and then the resulting web (film) was peeled off the drum. The drum was made of SUS (stainless steel).

[0069] After the casting process, the obtained web (film) was peeled from the drum and dried for 20 minutes in a tenter device at 30-40°C during film transport, using clips to hold both ends of the web in place. Subsequently, the web was further dried by zone heating while being transported on a roll. The obtained web was knurled and then wound up to form cellulose acylate film A1. The thickness of the obtained cellulose acylate film A1 was 60 μm, the in-plane retardation Re(550) at a wavelength of 550 nm was 1 nm, and the thickness-direction retardation Rth(550) at a wavelength of 550 nm was 35 nm.

[0070] <Formation of Photo-Alignment Film B1> The photo-alignment film-forming composition B1, described later, was continuously applied to the cellulose acylate film A1 using a wire bar. The cellulose acylate film A1 with the coating film formed was dried with 140°C hot air for 120 seconds, and then polarized ultraviolet light (10 mJ / cm²) was irradiated onto the coating film. ２ By using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a photo-alignment film B1 was formed, and a TAC (triacetylcellulose) film with the photo-alignment film was obtained. The thickness of the photo-alignment film B1 was 1.5 μm.

[0071] -------------------------------------------------- Composition of Photo-Alignment Film Forming Composition B1 -------------------------------------------------- ・Photo-alignment compound PA-1 100.00 parts by mass ・EPICLON N-695 (manufactured by DIC Corporation) 55.74 parts by mass ・jER YX7400 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) 18.75 parts by mass ・Polymerizable polymer PA-2 8.01 parts by mass ・Thermo-cationic polymerization initiator PAG-1 16.75 parts by mass ・Stabilizer DIPEA 1.06 parts by mass ・Butyl acetate 1230.49 parts by mass --------------------------------------------------

[0072] Photo-orienting compound PA-1 [In the formula below, the numerical values ​​listed for each repeating unit represent the content (mass%) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units. Weight-average molecular weight: 32000]

[0073] Polymerizable polymer PA-2 [In the formula below, the values ​​of a, b, and c represent the content (mass%) of each repeat relative to the total repeating units. Weight-average molecular weight: 40500]

[0074] Thermal cationic polymerization initiator PAG-1

[0075] Stabilizer DIPEA

[0076] <Formation of Light-Absorbing Anisotropic Film C1> A light-absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition C1 with the following composition was applied to the obtained photo-aligned film B1 using a wire bar to form a coated film. Next, the coated film was heated at 150°C for 15 seconds, followed by heating at 80°C for 5 seconds, and then cooled to room temperature (25°C) (first heating step). Next, the coated film was heated at 75°C for 15 seconds (second heating step), and then cooled again to room temperature. After that, an illuminance of 200 mW / cm was applied using an LED (light-emitting diode) lamp (center wavelength 365 nm). ２A 1.0 μm thick optical anisotropic film C1 (polarizer) was fabricated on the optical alignment film B1 by irradiating it for 2 seconds under the specified irradiation conditions. The transmittance of the optical anisotropic film C1 in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer, and the average visible light transmittance was 43%. The absorption axis of the optical anisotropic film C1 was in the plane of the optical anisotropic film C1 and was perpendicular to the width direction of the cellulose acylate film A1.

[0077] -------------------------------------------------- Composition C1 for forming anisotropic light-absorbing film -------------------------------------------------- • The following dichroic substance Dye-Y1 0.02 parts by mass • The following dichroic substance Dye-M1 0.12 parts by mass • The following dichroic substance Dye-C1 0.12 parts by mass • The following dichroic substance Dye-C2 0.37 parts by mass • The following liquid crystal compound L-1 1.29 parts by mass • The following liquid crystal compound L-2 0.33 parts by mass • The following liquid crystal compound L-3 0.22 parts by mass • The following adhesion improver A-1 0.04 parts by mass • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (manufactured by BASF) 0.07 parts by mass • The following surfactant F-1 0.007 parts by mass • Cyclopentanone 94.97 parts by mass • Benzyl alcohol 2.44 parts by mass ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0078] Dichroic substance Dye-Y1

[0079] Dichroic substance Dye-M1

[0080] Dichroic substance Dye-C1

[0081] Dichroic substance Dye-C2

[0082] Liquid crystal compound L-1 [In the formula below, the numerical values ​​listed for each repeating unit ("59", "15", "26") represent the content (mass%) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units. Weight-average molecular weight: 18000]

[0083] Liquid crystal compound L-2

[0084] Liquid crystal compound L-3

[0085] Adhesion improver A-1

[0086] Surfactant F-1 [In the formula, the numerical value indicated for each repeating unit represents the content (mass%) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units. Weight-average molecular weight: 16000]

[0087] <Formation of protective layer D1> A protective layer forming solution D1 with the following composition was continuously applied to the light-absorbing anisotropic film C1 using a wire bar. Then, it was dried with hot air at 80°C for 5 minutes and irradiated with an LED lamp (center wavelength 365 nm) under irradiation conditions of 300 mJ, thereby forming a laminate in which a protective layer D1 made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a thickness of 0.5 μm was formed, that is, an absorption-type anisotropic film A1 having a cellulose acylate film A1 (support), a photo-alignment film B1, a light-absorbing anisotropic film C1, and a protective layer D1 adjacent to each other in this order.

[0088] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Composition of coating solution D1 for forming protective layer --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Modified polyvinyl alcohol 3.31 parts by mass Initiator IRGACURE 2959 (manufactured by BASF) 0.17 parts by mass Glutaraldehyde 0.07 parts by mass Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate 0.05 parts by mass Surfactant F-9 0.0018 parts by mass Water 74.0 parts by mass Ethanol 22.4 parts by mass ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[0089] Modified polyvinyl alcohol [In the formula below, the numerical values ​​listed for each repeating unit represent the content (mass%) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units. Weight-average molecular weight: 14000]

[0090] Surfactant F-9

[0091] [Example 2] [Preparation of an absorption-type anisotropic film A2 having a light-absorbing anisotropic film] An absorption-type anisotropic film A2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the following light-absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition C2 was used instead of the light-absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition C1, and the heating temperature for 15 seconds in the first heating step was changed to 140°C. -------------------------------------------------- Composition C2 for forming anisotropic light-absorbing film -------------------------------------------------- • The above dichroic substance Dye-Y1 0.02 parts by mass • The following dichroic substance Dye-M2 0.12 parts by mass • The above dichroic substance Dye-C1 0.12 parts by mass • The above dichroic substance Dye-C2 0.37 parts by mass • The above liquid crystal compound L-1 1.29 parts by mass • The above liquid crystal compound L-2 0.33 parts by mass • The above liquid crystal compound L-3 0.22 parts by mass • The above adhesion improver A-1 0.04 parts by mass • Polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (manufactured by BASF) 0.07 parts by mass • The following surfactant F-1 0.007 parts by mass • Cyclopentanone 94.97 parts by mass • Benzyl alcohol 2.44 parts by mass ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0092] Dichroic substance Dye-M2

[0093] [Example 3] [Preparation of Absorption Anisotropic Film A3 Having a Light-Absorbing Anisotropic Film] Absorption anisotropic film A3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the heating temperature for 15 seconds in the first heating step was changed to 150°C.

[0094] [Example 4] [Preparation of Absorbing Anisotropic Film A4 Having a Light-Absorbing Anisotropic Film] First, one side of a polyethylene terephthalate (100 μm) resin substrate was subjected to corona treatment. Next, 100 parts by mass of a PVA-based resin, which was a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization 4200, degree of saponification 99.2 mol%) and acetoacetyl-modified PVA (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "Gosephymer") in a 9:1 ratio, was mixed with 13 parts by mass of potassium iodide, and the mixture was dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous PVA solution (coating solution). The aqueous PVA solution was applied to the corona-treated surface of the resin substrate and dried to obtain a laminate, and the obtained laminate was uniaxially stretched 3.0 times in the longitudinal direction of the resin substrate at 150°C (dry auxiliary stretching step). After stretching the laminate, it was immersed for 30 seconds in an insolubilization bath at a liquid temperature of 40°C (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by mixing 4 parts by mass of boric acid with 100 parts by mass of water). Next, it was immersed for 60 seconds in a dyeing bath at a liquid temperature of 30°C (a iodine aqueous solution obtained by mixing iodine and potassium iodide in a weight ratio of 1:7 with 100 parts by weight of water), while adjusting the concentration so that the final transmittance (Ts) of the polarizer obtained would be a predetermined value. Then, it was immersed for 30 seconds in a crosslinking bath at a liquid temperature of 40°C (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by mixing 3 parts by weight of potassium iodide and 5 parts by weight of boric acid with 100 parts by weight of water) (crosslinking treatment). After that, the laminate was uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) to a total stretching ratio of 5.5 times while immersed in a boric acid aqueous solution at a liquid temperature of 90°C (boric acid concentration 5% by mass, potassium iodide concentration 5% by mass). Subsequently, the laminate was immersed in a washing bath at a liquid temperature of 20°C (an aqueous solution obtained by mixing 3 parts by mass of potassium iodide with 100 parts by mass of water). Furthermore, while drying in an oven maintained at approximately 90°C, it was brought into contact with a stainless steel heating roll whose surface temperature was maintained at approximately 75°C. In this way, a polarizer was formed on the resin substrate, and an absorption-type anisotropic film A4 having a resin substrate / polarizer configuration was obtained.

[0095] [Example 5] [Preparation of an absorption-type anisotropic film A5 having a light-absorbing anisotropic film] An absorption-type anisotropic film A5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the following light-absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition C3 was used instead of the light-absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition C1, and the heating temperature for 15 seconds in the first heating step was changed to 140°C. -------------------------------------------------- Composition C3 for forming anisotropic light-absorbing films -------------------------------------------------- • 0.02 parts by mass of the following dichroic substance Dye-Y1 • 0.12 parts by mass of the following dichroic substance Dye-M1 • 0.25 parts by mass of the following dichroic substance Dye-C1 • 0.24 parts by mass of the following dichroic substance Dye-C2 • 1.29 parts by mass of the following liquid crystal compound L-1 • 0.33 parts by mass of the following liquid crystal compound L-2 • 0.22 parts by mass of the following liquid crystal compound L-3 • 0.04 parts by mass of the following adhesion improver A-1 • 0.07 parts by mass of polymerization initiator IRGACUREOXE-02 (manufactured by BASF) • 0.007 parts by mass of the following surfactant F-1 • 94.97 parts by mass of cyclopentanone • Benzyl alcohol 2.44 parts by mass ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

[0096] [Comparative Example 1] [Preparation of Absorption Anisotropic Film HA1 Having a Light-Absorbing Anisotropic Film] Absorption anisotropic film HA1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the heating temperature for 15 seconds in the first heating step was changed to 140°C.

[0097] [Comparative Example 2] [Preparation of Absorbing Anisotropic Film HA2 Having a Light-Absorbing Anisotropic Film] First, one side of a polyethylene terephthalate (100 μm) resin substrate was subjected to corona treatment. Next, 100 parts by mass of a PVA-based resin, which was a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization 4200, degree of saponification 99.2 mol%) and acetoacetyl-modified PVA (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "Gosephymer") in a 9:1 ratio, was mixed with 13 parts by mass of potassium iodide, and the mixture was dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous PVA solution (coating solution). The aqueous PVA solution was applied to the corona-treated surface of the resin substrate and dried to obtain a laminate, and the obtained laminate was uniaxially stretched 2.4 times in the longitudinal direction of the resin substrate at 130°C (dry auxiliary stretching step). After stretching the laminate, it was immersed for 30 seconds in an insolubilization bath at a liquid temperature of 40°C (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by mixing 4 parts by mass of boric acid with 100 parts by mass of water). Next, it was immersed for 60 seconds in a dyeing bath at a liquid temperature of 30°C (a iodine aqueous solution obtained by mixing iodine and potassium iodide in a weight ratio of 1:7 with 100 parts by weight of water), while adjusting the concentration so that the final transmittance (Ts) of the polarizer obtained would be a predetermined value. Then, it was immersed for 30 seconds in a crosslinking bath at a liquid temperature of 40°C (a boric acid aqueous solution obtained by mixing 3 parts by weight of potassium iodide and 5 parts by weight of boric acid with 100 parts by weight of water) (crosslinking treatment). After that, the laminate was uniaxially stretched in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) to a total stretching ratio of 5.5 times while immersed in a boric acid aqueous solution at a liquid temperature of 70°C (boric acid concentration 5% by mass, potassium iodide concentration 5% by mass). Subsequently, the laminate was immersed in a washing bath at a liquid temperature of 20°C (an aqueous solution obtained by mixing 3 parts by mass of potassium iodide with 100 parts by mass of water). Furthermore, while drying in an oven maintained at approximately 90°C, it was brought into contact with a stainless steel heating roll whose surface temperature was maintained at approximately 75°C. In this way, a polarizer was formed on the resin substrate, and an absorption-type anisotropic film HA2 having a resin substrate / polarizer configuration was obtained.

[0098] [Fabrication of a virtual reality display device] <Fabrication of a phase difference layer film 1 having a positive A plate> A photo-alignment film forming coating liquid E1 with the following composition was continuously applied to the cellulose acylate film A1 described above using a wire bar. The cellulose acylate film A1 with the coating film formed was dried with hot air at 140°C for 120 seconds, and then polarized ultraviolet light (10 mJ / cm²) was irradiated onto the coating film. ２ By using an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a photo-alignment film E1 with a thickness of 0.2 μm was formed, and a TAC film with a photo-alignment film was obtained.

[0099] -------------------

[0100] Polymer PA-2 [In the formula below, the numerical values ​​listed for each repeating unit represent the content (mass%) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units. Weight-average molecular weight: 45,000]

[0101] Acid Generator CPI-110TF

[0102] Composition F1 having the following composition was applied onto the photo-alignment film E1 using a bar coater. The coating formed on the photo-alignment film E1 was heated to 120°C with hot air, then cooled to 60°C, and then heated at a wavelength of 365 nm and a pressure of 100 mJ / cm² using a high-pressure mercury lamp under a nitrogen atmosphere. ２ The coating is irradiated with ultraviolet light, followed by heating to 120°C while applying 500 mJ / cm² of UV light. ２By irradiating the coating with ultraviolet light, the orientation of the liquid crystal compound was fixed, and a phase difference layer film 1 having a positive A plate F1 was fabricated. The thickness of the positive A plate F1 was 2.5 μm, and Re(550) was 144 nm. Furthermore, the positive A plate satisfied the relationship Re(450) ≤ Re(550) ≤ Re(650). Re(450) / Re(550) was 0.82. The above positive A plate corresponds to a so-called λ / 4 plate.

[0103] ------------------------------------------------------------------- Composition F1 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ・Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-1 43.50 parts by mass ・Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-2 43.50 parts by mass ・Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-3 8.00 parts by mass ・Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-4 5.00 parts by mass ・Polymerization initiator PI-1 0.55 parts by mass ・Leveling agent T-1 0.20 parts by mass ・Cyclopentanone 235.00 parts by mass

[0104] Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-1 (tBu represents a tert-butyl group)

[0105] Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-2

[0106] Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-3

[0107] Polymerizable liquid crystal compound LA-4 (Me represents a methyl group)

[0108] Polymerization initiator PI-1

[0109] Leveling agent T-1 [In the formula below, the numerical values ​​listed for each repeating unit represent the content (mass%) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units. Weight-average molecular weight: 25000]

[0110] <Preparation of Phase Difference Layer Film 2 Having a Positive C Plate> The cellulose acylate film A1 described above was used as a temporary support. The cellulose acylate film A1 was passed through a dielectric heating roll at a temperature of 60°C to raise the surface temperature of the film to 40°C. Then, an alkaline solution with the composition shown below was applied to one side of the film using a bar coater at a rate of 14 ml / m². ２ The film was coated with [a specific material], heated to 110°C, and transported for 10 seconds under a steam-type far-infrared heater manufactured by Noritake Co., Limited. Then, using the same bar coater, 3 ml / m of pure water was applied to the film. ２ The film was then coated. Next, after repeating the process of rinsing with a fountain coater and removing the water with an air knife three times, the film was transported to a 70°C drying zone for 10 seconds to dry, thereby producing an alkali-saponified cellulose acylate film A1.

[0111] -------------------------------------------------- (Alkaline solution) -------------------------------------------------- Potassium hydroxide 4.7 parts by mass Water 15.8 parts by mass Isopropanol 63.7 parts by mass Fluorine-containing surfactant SF-1 (C １４ H ２９ O(CH ２ CH ２ O) ２０ H) 1.0 part by mass of propylene glycol, 14.8 parts by mass of ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[0112] A coating solution G1 for forming an orientation film, having the composition described below, was continuously applied to the alkali-saponified cellulose acylate film A1 using a #8 wire bar. The resulting film was dried with 60°C hot air for 60 seconds, and then with 100°C hot air for 120 seconds to form the orientation film G1.

[0113] -------------------

[0114] A coating solution H1 for forming positive C plates, having the composition described below, is applied to the orientation film G1. The resulting coating film is then aged at 60°C for 60 seconds, followed by heating under air at 70 mW / cm². ２ Using an air-cooled metal halide lamp (manufactured by iGraphics Co., Ltd.), 1000 mJ / cm ２ By irradiating with ultraviolet light to fix its orientation, the liquid crystal compound was vertically oriented, and a phase difference layer film 2 having a positive C plate H1 with a thickness of 0.5 μm was fabricated. The Rth(550) of the obtained positive C plate was -60 nm.

[0115] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Coating solution H1 for forming positive C plate --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ・80 parts by mass of the following liquid crystal compound LC-1 ・20 parts by mass of the following liquid crystal compound LC-2 ・1 part by mass of the following vertically oriented liquid crystal compound propellant S01 ・8 parts by mass of ethylene oxide modified trimethylolpropane triacrylate (V#360, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.) ・3 parts by mass of Irgacure 907 (manufactured by BASF) ・1 part by mass of Kayacure DETX (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) ・0.4 parts by mass of the following compound B03 ・170 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketone ・30 parts by mass of cyclohexanone ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[0116] Liquid crystal compound LC-1

[0117] Liquid crystal compound LC-2

[0118] Vertically oriented liquid crystal compound targeting agent S01

[0119] Compound B03 [In the formula below, the numerical values ​​listed for each repeating unit represent the content (mass%) of each repeating unit relative to the total number of repeating units. Weight-average molecular weight: 15000]

[0120] <Fabrication of Optical Laminate B0> Optical laminate B0 was fabricated using the following procedure. A broadband dielectric multilayer film (3M trademark name APF) was used as the linearly polarized reflective polarizer. The positive A plate side of the obtained phase difference layer film 1 was bonded to one side of the APF, and the alignment layer and support were peeled off. Furthermore, the alignment film was peeled off, and the positive C plate side of the obtained phase difference layer film 2 was bonded to the exposed liquid crystal surface with an adhesive, and the support and alignment layer were peeled off. In this way, optical laminate B0 consisting of a linearly polarized reflective polarizer / adhesive layer / positive A plate / positive C plate was fabricated.

[0121] <Formation of Half-Mirror Lens> A half-mirror lens was formed by depositing aluminum onto the convex side of a lens (Thorlab convex meniscus lens LE1076-A (2-inch diameter)) to achieve a reflectivity of 40%.

[0122] <Preparation of Absorbing Polarizer Film 1MK5> The protective layer side of the absorbing polarizer film A1 prepared in Example 1 was bonded to a PMMA film via an adhesive sheet, and only the support was peeled off to form the absorbing polarizer film 1M, which was then set in the molding apparatus. At this time, it was positioned so that the PMMA film side was on the bottom. The molding space inside the molding apparatus consisted of box 1 and box 2 separated by the absorbing polarizer film 1M. In box 1, which is below the absorbing polarizer film 1M, mold 1 (a convex lens with a diameter of 2 inches and a radius of curvature of 84 mm) was placed with its convex surface (molding surface) facing upwards. In box 2, which is above the absorbing polarizer film 1M, a transparent window was installed at the top, and an IR light source for heating the absorbing polarizer film 1M was installed on the outside of this window. Next, the inside of box 1 and box 2 were evacuated using a vacuum pump to a pressure of 0.1 atmospheres or less. Next, as a heating step for the absorptive polarizer film 1M, infrared light was irradiated and the film was heated until its temperature reached 108°C. Since the glass dislocation temperature Tg of the PMMA film used as a support is 105°C, the film was kept in a state where it could easily stretch during molding. Next, as a step to press the absorptive polarizer film 1M against the mold 1 and deform it to conform to the shape of the mold 1, gas was introduced from a gas cylinder into the box 2 and pressurized to 300 kPa, thereby pressing the absorptive polarizer film 1M against the mold 1. Finally, the absorptive polarizer film 1M was removed from the lens mold 1. This resulted in an absorptive polarizer film 1M that was molded in a non-planar shape. Next, the absorptive polarizer film 1M that was molded in a non-planar shape was set in the molding apparatus with the top and bottom reversed compared to the initial molding, so that the PMMA film side was on the top. At this time, the non-planar molded region within the absorptive polarizer film 1M from the initial molding protruded downwards. A meniscus lens (2 inches in diameter, 70 mm radius of curvature on the concave side) with aluminum vapor deposition on the convex side was placed as mold 2 directly below the non-planar molded region within the absorption polarizer film 1M, with the concave side facing upwards. Next, the inside of box 1 and box 2 were evacuated using a vacuum pump to a pressure of 0.1 atmospheres or less.Next, as a step to heat the absorptive polarizer film 1M, infrared light was irradiated and the absorptive polarizer film 1M was heated until its temperature reached 108°C. Next, as a step to press the absorptive polarizer film 1M against the mold 2 and deform it to conform to the shape of the mold 2, gas was introduced into the box 2 from a gas cylinder and pressurized to 300 kPa, thereby pressing the absorptive polarizer film 1M against the mold 2. Finally, the absorptive polarizer film 1M was removed from the lens, which was the mold 2. This resulted in obtaining an absorptive polarizer film 1MK5 that had been formed into a curved surface by molding method 1.

[0123] <Fabrication of Optical Laminate B0K5> Optical laminate B0 was set in a molding apparatus. At this time, it was positioned so that the positive C plate side was on the bottom. Then, optical laminate B0K5 was obtained in a non-planar shape in the same manner as the fabrication method for the absorption polarizer film 1MK5.

[0124] <Fabrication of Optical Laminate B1K5> The APF (linearly polarized reflecting polarizer) side of the optical laminate B0K5 obtained above and the photo-alignment film side of the absorbing polarizer film 1MK5 were bonded together with an adhesive. However, the lamination was carried out so that the transmission axis of the APF and the transmission axis of the light-absorbing anisotropic film were aligned. In this way, an optical laminate B1K5 consisting of a positive C plate / positive A plate / adhesive layer / APF / adhesive layer / absorbing polarizer was fabricated.

[0125] <Fabrication of Composite Lenses> The half-mirror lens fabricated above was adjusted to the lens diameter and radius of curvature of mold 2 in the same manner as the fabrication method for the absorption polarizer film 1MK5, and molded into a non-planar shape. Next, the fabricated optical laminate B1K5 was bonded to the concave side of the non-planar molded half-mirror lens with an adhesive to obtain a composite lens. Each composite lens was obtained in the same manner as above, except that the absorption polarizer film fabricated in Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 was used instead of the absorption polarizer film A1.

[0126] <Fabrication of Virtual Reality Display Devices> We disassembled the Huawei VR Glass, a virtual reality display device manufactured by Huawei that employs a reciprocating optical system, and removed all of its composite lenses. We then incorporated the composite lenses fabricated above into the main body in place of the removed composite lenses, and further positioned them so that the light-absorbing anisotropic film side of the composite lens faced the eye, thereby fabricating each virtual reality display device.

[0127] The light-absorbing anisotropic film was extracted from each fabricated virtual reality display device (each composite lens), and the absolute value ΔT1 of the difference in the average transmittance, the average transmittance T1, the polarization degree P, and the polarization degree P ４００ The number of peaks appearing in the diffraction angle 2θ range of 15 to 30°, and the content of dichroic substances (unit: mg / cm²). ３ Each of the following was measured using the method described above. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0128] [Evaluation] (1) In the virtual reality display device in which the ghost was created, a black and white checkerboard pattern was displayed on the image display panel, and the visibility of the ghost was evaluated visually according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1 below. (Ghost evaluation) A: Almost invisible B: Slightly visible but not bothersome C: Ghost is visible

[0129] (2) Elongation at Breakage The light-absorbing anisotropic films were removed from the composite lenses prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2. The ease of stretching and the rate of breakage of the removed light-absorbing anisotropic films were then evaluated according to the following criteria when the films were slowly stretched by hand. The results are shown in Table 1 below. (Evaluation of Elongation at Breakage) S: Very easy to stretch and difficult to break. A: Easy to stretch and difficult to break. B: Standard ease of stretching and difficult to break under normal use. C: Somewhat difficult to stretch and easy to break. D: Very difficult to stretch and easily breaks.

[0130]

[0131] As shown in Table 1, it was found that light-absorbing anisotropic films whose absolute value ΔT1 of the difference in average transmittances does not satisfy formula (A) had low elongation at break and inferior film strength (Comparative Examples 1-2). In contrast, it was found that light-absorbing anisotropic films whose absolute value ΔT1 of the difference in average transmittances satisfies formula (A) had high elongation at break and high film strength (Examples 1-5). Furthermore, from a comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and between Example 4 and Comparative Example 2, it was found that when the maximum temperature during the fabrication of the light-absorbing anisotropic film is 150°C or higher, the absolute value ΔT1 of the difference in average transmittances satisfies formula (A). Furthermore, from a comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, it was found that when the film contains at least four types of dichroic substances, including at least two types of dichroic substances having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least two types of dichroic substances having the structure represented by formula (2), the absolute value ΔT1 of the difference in average transmittances satisfies formula (A). In particular, a comparison of Examples 1 to 3 revealed that the film strength of the light-absorbing anisotropic film is higher when it contains at least four types of dichroic substances, including at least two dichroic substances having the structure represented by formula (1) and at least two dichroic substances having the structure represented by formula (2). Furthermore, a comparison of Example 3 and Example 4 revealed that the film strength of the light-absorbing anisotropic film is higher when the number of peaks appearing in the diffraction angle 2θ range of 15 to 30° in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the light-absorbing anisotropic film is 7 or more.

[0132] 1 Maximum projection image 2 Circle X 3 Circle Y 4 Centroid 10 Light-absorbing anisotropic film Z Any four points on the circle Y 50A, 50B Laminate 54 Phase difference layer having the function of converting linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light 56 ​​Positive C plate 58 Cholesteric liquid crystal layer 60 Linearly polarized reflective polarizer 70 Composite lens 72, 90 Laminate 74, 88 Lens 76, 86 Half mirror 80 Virtual reality display device 82 Image display device 84 Circular polarizer 92 Light ray

Claims

1. A light-absorbing anisotropic film in which the absolute value ΔT1 of the difference between the average values ​​of the transmittances satisfies the following equation (A): ΔT1 = |T1 - T2| ≤ 1.5% (A) Here, in equation (A), T1 represents the average value of the transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic film. T2 represents the average value of the transmittance of the light-absorbing anisotropic film after heating at 130°C for 10 minutes.

2. The optical absorption anisotropic film according to claim 1, wherein the degree of polarization at a wavelength of 400 nm is 92% or more.

3. The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to claim 1, having a three-dimensional curved shape.

4. The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to claim 3, wherein the maximum value of the radius of curvature of the three-dimensional curved surface shape is 30 mm or more and 80 mm or less.

5. The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to claim 1, wherein the average value T1 is 35% or more.

6. The optical absorption anisotropic film according to claim 1, wherein the degree of polarization at wavelengths of 380 to 780 nm is 90% or more.

7. The optical absorption anisotropic film according to claim 1, wherein the number of peaks appearing in the X-ray diffraction spectrum with a diffraction angle 2θ in the range of 15 to 30° is 2 or more.

8. The optical absorption anisotropic film according to claim 1, wherein the number of peaks appearing in the X-ray diffraction spectrum with a diffraction angle 2θ in the range of 15 to 30° is 5 or more.

9. The optical absorption anisotropic film according to claim 1, wherein the number of peaks appearing in the X-ray diffraction spectrum with a diffraction angle 2θ in the range of 15 to 30° is 7 or more.

10. The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to claim 1, comprising a dichroic substance.

11. The content of the dichroic substance is 150 mg / cm³. ３ The above describes the light-absorbing anisotropic film according to claim 10.

12. The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to claim 10, wherein the dichroic substance is at least four types of dichroic substances, including a dichroic substance having a structure represented by the following formula (1) and a dichroic substance having a structure represented by the following formula (2). In formulas (1) and (2) above, X represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. R represents a substituent. m represents an integer from 0 to 5. However, multiple m values ​​may be the same or different. Also, if there are multiple R values ​​depending on the number of m, the multiple R values ​​may be the same or different. n represents an integer from 0 to 4. However, multiple n values ​​may be the same or different. Also, if there are multiple R values ​​depending on the number of n, the multiple R values ​​may be the same or different.

13. The light-absorbing anisotropic film according to claim 12, wherein the dichroic material comprises at least four types of dichroic materials, including at least two dichroic materials having a structure represented by formula (1) and at least two dichroic materials having a structure represented by formula (2).

14. A method for producing a light-absorbing anisotropic film according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the maximum temperature during production of the light-absorbing anisotropic film is 150°C or higher.

15. A laminate having a light-absorbing anisotropic film according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

16. A composite lens comprising, in this order, the laminate described in claim 15, a lens, and a half-mirror.

17. A virtual reality display device having the laminate described in claim 15.

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