Terminal and communication method

Abstract

This terminal comprises: a communication unit that communicates using half-duplex time division duplexing in a plurality of cells; and a control unit that, for the purpose of directional collision processing, determines a reference cell on a per-symbol basis from among the plurality of cells. One cell from among the plurality of cells is capable of simultaneous communication of an uplink signal and a downlink signal. The control unit controls measurement of inter-link interference in the reference cell or a cell other than the reference cell.

Description

Terminal and Communication Method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal and a communication method.

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) has specified the 5th generation mobile communication system (also referred to as 5G, New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)), and is further proceeding with specification of the next generation called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution or 6G.

[0003] For example, in 3GPP Release 18, extension of duplex schemes (Duplex) is under discussion (Non-Patent Document 1). Specifically, SBFD (Sub-Band non-overlapping Full Duplex), which is a new duplex (duplexing) scheme that enables simultaneous use of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) within a carrier of a time division duplex (TDD) band, has been proposed. SBFD may also be read as XDD (Cross Division Duplex).

[0004] "New SI: Study on evolution of NR duplex operation", RP-213591, 3GPP TSG RAN#94-e, 3GPP, December 2021

[0005] Measurement of downlink signals in a case where half-duplex TDD CA operation and SBFD operation on one cell are supported has not been sufficiently studied.

[0006] Communication in a case where half-duplex TDD CA operation and SBFD operation on one cell are supported and collision processing is performed has not been sufficiently studied.

[0007] An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal that supports half-duplex TDD CA operation and SBFD operation on one cell and can appropriately perform measurement of downlink signals.

[0008] One aspect of this disclosure is to provide a terminal that supports half-duplex TDD CA operation and SBFD operation on a single cell, and that can properly perform communication when collision handling occurs.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises a communication unit that communicates using half-duplex time-division duplexing in a plurality of cells, and a control unit that determines a reference cell for each symbol from among the plurality of cells for directional collision processing, wherein one of the plurality of cells is a cell capable of simultaneous communication of uplink signals and downlink signals, and the control unit controls the measurement of inter-link interference in the reference cell or other cells other than the reference cell.

[0010] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises a communication unit that communicates using half-duplex time-division duplexing in a plurality of cells, and a control unit that determines a reference cell for each symbol from among the plurality of cells for directional collision processing, wherein one of the plurality of cells is a cell capable of simultaneous communication of uplink signals and downlink signals, and the control unit controls the uplink or downlink of symbols between the reference cell and other cells other than the reference cell.

[0011] This is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a wireless communication system. This is a diagram showing the frequency range used in the wireless communication system. This is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of wireless frames, subframes, slots, and symbols used in the wireless communication system. This is a diagram explaining SBFD operation. This is a diagram explaining SBFD operation. This is a diagram explaining UE capabilities. This is a diagram explaining UE capabilities. This is a diagram explaining parameters for setting directional collision handling. This is a diagram explaining the determination of a reference cell. This is a diagram explaining the determination of a reference cell. This is a diagram showing an example of the procedure for determining a reference cell. This is a diagram explaining the half-duplex CA operation of the UE. This is a diagram explaining the half-duplex CA operation of the UE. This is a diagram explaining directional collision handling when an SBFD operating cell is included. This is a diagram explaining Proposal 1. This is a diagram explaining Proposal 1. This is a diagram explaining Proposal 2. This is a diagram explaining Proposal 3. This is a diagram explaining Proposal 4. This is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to this embodiment. This is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a UE according to this embodiment. This is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and terminal according to this embodiment. This is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle.

[0012] The embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that identical or similar reference numerals are used to denote the same functions and components, and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0013] <Configuration of the Wireless Communication System> The wireless communication system 10 shown in Figure 1 is a wireless communication system that conforms to a method called 5G. On the other hand, the wireless communication system 10 may also be a wireless communication system that conforms to a method called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0014] The wireless communication system 10 can support Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO), which generates a more directional beam by controlling the wireless signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements; carrier aggregation (CA), which uses multiple component carriers (CCs) bundled together; and dual connectivity (DC), which enables simultaneous communication with two base stations.

[0015] As shown in Figure 1, the wireless communication system 10 includes a base station 100 (hereinafter also referred to as gNodeB (gNB) 100) that constitutes the Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) 20, and a terminal 200 (hereinafter also referred to as user equipment (UE) 200) that communicates wirelessly with the base station 100. The NG-RAN 20 is connected to a core network (CN) which is not shown. The CN is composed of multiple network functions (NFs). Examples of NFs include the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) and the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF). The AMF performs, for example, the registration of the terminal 200. The NWDAF performs, for example, the optimization of the CN. Note that the specific configuration of the wireless communication system 10, such as the number of base stations 100 and terminals 200, is not limited to the example shown in Figure 1. Also, the NG-RAN 20 and CN may simply be referred to as the "network".

[0016] The base station 100 may be a base station in a Centralized-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) configuration, having a distributed unit (DU) with a function for connecting to a terminal 200 and a central unit (CU) with a function for connecting to the network. In this case, the base station 100 may be read as a DU, a CU, or a DU and a CU. When the base station 100 is read as a DU, it may be called a gNB-DU. When the base station 100 is read as a CU, it may be called a gNB-CU. When the base station 100 is read as a DU and a CU, the DU portion may be called a gNB-DU and the CU portion may be called a gNB-CU.

[0017] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 10 may support multiple frequency ranges (FRs). That is, as shown in Figure 2, it may support the following FRs: • FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz • FR2-1: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz • FR2-2: Over 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz

[0018] In FR1, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15, 30, or 60 kHz and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz may be used. In FR2-1, an SCS of 60 or 120 kHz (or 240 kHz) and a BW of 50 to 400 MHz may be used.

[0019] Note that SCS may also be interpreted as numerology. Numerology is defined in 3GPP TS 38.300 and corresponds to a single subcarrier interval in the frequency domain.

[0020] In FR2-2, to avoid an increase in phase noise, Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) with a larger SCS may be applied.

[0021] Figure 3 shows an example of the configuration of wireless frames (system frames), subframes, and slots used in the wireless communication system 10. As shown in Figure 3, one slot consists of 14 symbols, and the larger (wider) the SCS, the shorter the symbol period (and slot period). However, the SCS is not limited to the interval (frequency) shown in Figure 3. For example, 480 kHz, 960 kHz, etc. may be used as the SCS.

[0022] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one slot does not necessarily have to be 14 (for example, it could be 28 or 56 symbols, etc.). In addition, the number of slots per subframe may differ depending on the SCS.

[0023] The time direction (t) shown in Figure 3 may also be called the time domain, symbol period, or symbol time. The frequency direction may also be called the frequency domain, resource block, subcarrier, bandwidth part (BWP), or similar.

[0024] The wireless communication system 10 may support coverage enhancement (CE) to broaden the coverage of the cell (or physical channel) formed by the gNB100. Coverage enhancement may provide mechanisms to increase the reception success rate of various physical channels, such as repeated transmission (repetition) of PRACH (physical random access channel).

[0025] For example, terminal 200 receives information related to the random access procedure from base station 100 as a downlink signal (DL: Downlink) (e.g., SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1)).

[0026] Furthermore, for example, terminal 200 transmits PRACH to base station 100 as a UL signal using a resource such as RACH Occasion (RO), which is used to transmit a random access preamble. For example, terminal 200 repeatedly transmits PRACH to base station 100 as a UL signal.

[0027] The UL signal may include, for example, UL data signals and control information. For example, the UL signal may include information about the processing capability of terminal 200 (e.g., UE capability). The UL signal may also include reference signals.

[0028] The channels used to transmit UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, terminal 200 transmits control information using PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using PUSCH. Note that PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel, and PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. The shared channel may also be called a data channel.

[0029] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of the following: DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal), PTRS (Phase Tracking Reference Signal), CSI-RS (Channel State Information - Reference Signal), SRS (Sounding Reference Signal), and PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) for position information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used to demodulate the UL data signal and are transmitted using PUSCH.

[0030] Meanwhile, the base station 100 transmits information related to the RACH procedure to the terminal 200 as a DL signal (e.g., SIB1) in response to the operation of the terminal 200.

[0031] Furthermore, for example, base station 100 receives PRACH from terminal 200 as a UL signal. For example, base station 100 repeatedly receives PRACH from terminal 200 as a UL signal.

[0032] The channels used to transmit DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). For example, base station 100 transmits control information to terminal 200 using PDCCH and transmits DL data signals using PDSCH. Note that PDSCH is an example of a Downlink Shared Channel, and PDCCH is an example of a Downlink Control Channel. Note that PDCCH may be interpreted as Downlink Control Information (DCI), control information, etc., transmitted in PDCCH.

[0033] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRSRS, and PRS for location information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used to demodulate the DL data signal and are transmitted using PDSCH.

[0034] <SBFD-compatible and non-SBFD-compatible UEs> 3GPP has published a technical report on SBFD operation (see Figure 4). SBFD operation within TDD carriers has been studied, and the SBFD scheme within single-configuration DL and UL BWP pairs with aligned center frequencies has become the baseline (see Figures 4 and 5).

[0035] Options 1 to 4 for SBFD operation were reported (see Figure 4). Option 4 for SBFD operation reported the existence of SBFD-enabled and non-SBFD-enabled UEs. In other words, SBFD-enabled and non-SBFD-enabled UEs can exist in 3GPP wireless networks. For SBFD-enabled UEs, the time and frequency position of the subband for SBFD operation is known. SBFD-enabled UEs can communicate in duplexed cells (SBFD-operating cells) capable of simultaneous communication of UL and DL signals within the time-division duplex band. The UE behavior of non-SBFD-enabled UEs follows existing specifications.

[0036] From a RAN1 perspective, a new UE operation may be introduced for SBFD-enabled UEs, based on the time and frequency position of the subband for SBFD operation. Of the four options, option 4 for SBFD operation is agreed upon as the baseline for SBFD operation, at least for the RRC_CONNECTED state.

[0037] <Half-duplex CA operation 1> Rel-18 / 19 specifies gNB side SBFD enhancements. The base station can transmit DL in one subband and receive UL in another subband. The UE operates in half-duplex mode.

[0038] Apart from SBFD, half-duplex operation of UEs in TDD CA (carrier aggrigation) scenarios was discussed. • UEs cannot simultaneously receive and transmit within a serving cell or between cells in the same frequency band. • Depending on UE capability, UEs may or may not be able to simultaneously receive and transmit between cells in different frequency bands (see FG 2-5, Figure 6).

[0039] In Rel-16, directional collision handling was introduced for half-duplex TDD CA UEs, specifically for UEs that cannot perform simultaneous Tx / Rx operations between cells. FG 14-5 was introduced to define the UE capability for directional collision handling for half-duplex TDD CA operation (see Figure 7). For UEs reporting FG 14-5, the base station can set a higher-layer parameter, such as RRC, “directionalCollisionHandling-r16” for each serving cell (see Figure 8). If a UE cannot perform simultaneous Tx / Rx operations, and if a UE cannot handle directional collisions between multiple cells, the network ensures that all serving cells have the same direction. For example, if a UE reports that it cannot perform simultaneous Tx / Rx operations, and if a UE reports that it cannot perform directional collision handling, the network (base station) ensures that all serving cells have the same direction. In other words, the network ensures that all serving cells have the same direction for UEs that do not support simultaneous Tx / Rx and directional collision handling.

[0040] <Half-Duplex CA Operation 2> In half-duplex CA operation, a cell is divided into a reference cell and other cells that are not the reference cell (another cell) for the purpose of half-duplex CA operation. The UE reports support for the “half-DuplexTDD-CA-SameSCS-r16” capability (see Figure 7), and the reference cell can be determined when the parameter “directionalCollisionHandling-r16” (see Figure 8) is set (see Figure 9).

[0041] A reference cell is determined per symbol. In the determination of a reference cell, only symbols indicated as semi-static SFI D / U and symbols indicated as semi-static F involving DL reception or UL transmission configured by a higher layer are considered (see FIG. 9 and FIG. 10). In other words, if a symbol is indicated as semi-static F on a cell, and no DL or UL is configured for the symbol by a higher layer, the cell is not considered in the reference cell determination for that symbol. SFI is an abbreviation for Slot Format Indicator, D is an abbreviation for Downlink, U is an abbreviation for Uplink, and F is an abbreviation for Flexible. For details of reference cell determination, refer to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10.

[0042] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example procedure for determining a reference cell. In step 1, the UE determines a set of cells that can be considered for reference cell determination. In step 2, the UE determines a reference cell from the set of cells obtained in step 1. In step 3, the UE performs directional collision processing between the reference cell and other cells. The directional collision processing will be described in <Half-duplex CA operation 3> below.

[0043] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example procedure for determining a reference cell. FIG. 12 shows CA configured by CC (Component Carrier) #1 to CC#5. CC#1 is excluded from reference cell determination because a symbol is indicated as semi-static F on the cell, and no DL or UL is configured for the symbol by a higher layer. Cells that can be considered for reference cell determination are CC#2 to CC#5 (step 1).

[0044] The UE determines, from CC#2 to CC#5 (the set of cells) obtained in step 1, the active cell having the smallest cell index as the reference cell (step 2). In the example of FIG. 12, the UE determines CC#2 as the reference cell.

[0045] <Half-duplex CA operation 3> Section 11.1 of TS38.213 specifies the operation after a UE determines a reference cell. Section 11.1 of TS38.213 specifies UE operations for the case where another cell has the same frequency band as the reference cell, the case where another cell has a different frequency band from the reference cell, and the case where it does not matter whether another cell has the same or different frequency band as the reference cell.

[0046] Figures 13 and 14 are diagrams explaining the half-duplex CA operation of a UE. The description shown in FIG. 13 continues to the description of FIG. 14. The content before "And if another cell among…" in FIG. 13 is the description related to the determination of the reference cell, which is the same as that in FIG. 9. After "And if another cell among…", UE operations are specified for the case where another cell has the same frequency band as the reference cell, the case where another cell has a different frequency band from the reference cell, and the case where it does not matter whether another cell has the same or different frequency band as the reference cell.

[0047] When another cell has the same frequency band as the reference cell, the UE operation can be divided into three cases: Case 1-1, Case 1-2, and Case 1-3 as shown in FIG. 13.

[0048] When another cell has a different frequency band from the reference cell, the UE operation can be divided into three cases: Case 2-1, Case 2-2, and Case 2-3 as shown in FIG. 14.

[0049] When it does not matter whether another cell has the same or different frequency band as the reference cell, the UE operation can be divided into seven cases: Case 3-1, Case 3-2, Case 3-3, Case 3-4, Case 3-5, Case 3-6, and Case 3-7 as shown in FIG. 14.

[0050] For details of the UE operation, refer to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14.

[0051] <SBFD Operation Cell> This section describes a case where directional collision handling for half-duplex communication is configured in a case where two or more serving cells include at least one SBFD operation cell.

[0052] First, we will describe an example of the operation of the first step in determining the set of cells to be considered in determining the reference cell (candidate reference cell). The following options are possible as examples of such operation.

[0053] In Option 1, the UE determines candidate reference cells according to existing rules, without considering SBFD symbols and non-SBFD symbols.

[0054] Specifically, the UE determines candidate reference cells according to existing rules. For example, the UE may treat SBFD symbols and DL symbols without distinction.

[0055] According to Option 1, there is no need to change existing rules. However, existing rules are based on semi-static settings (e.g., semi-static SFI (Slot Format Indicator), RRC configured DL / UL reception / transmission). Therefore, Flexible symbols without semi-static settings are not considered when determining candidate reference cells.

[0056] In Option 2, the UE determines candidate reference cells without considering the SBFD operating cell.

[0057] Specifically, the UE excludes SBFD operating cells and then selects candidate reference cells from among the non-SBFD operating cells according to existing rules. In other words, candidate reference cells are selected without considering whether the symbol is an SBFD symbol or a non-SBFD symbol of an SBFD operating cell.

[0058] According to Option 2, candidate reference cells are selected from among non-SBFD operating cells, allowing existing rules to be reused. However, since SBFD operating cells can never be reference cells, their priority in directional collision handling will be lower.

[0059] In option 3, the UE determines candidate reference cells without considering SBFD symbols.

[0060] Specifically, the UE determines the candidate reference cells for the symbol. In such cases, the symbol may be as follows:

[0061] The symbol is either downlink or uplink, as specified by higher-layer RRC parameters (parameters notified by RRC signaling), such as tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated, if the SBFD UL Sub-band is not set as the symbol.

[0062] A symbol is uplink if the symbol is Flexible, the SBFD UL Sub-band is not set for the symbol, and the UE transmits SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH in the symbol.

[0063] A symbol is downlink if the symbol is Flexible, the SBFD UL Sub-band is not set for the symbol, and the UE receives PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS in the symbol.

[0064] In Option 3, if the symbol is an SBFD symbol of an SBFD operating cell, the SBFD operating cell is not considered as a candidate for the reference cell. If the symbol is a non-SBFD symbol of an SBFD operating cell, the SBFD operating cell is considered as a candidate for the reference cell.

[0065] According to Option 3, candidate reference cells are determined from cells whose symbols are Non-SBFD symbols, allowing existing rules to be reused. Since SBFD operating cells of SBFD symbols can never be reference cells, SBFD operating cells have a lower priority in directional collision handling.

[0066] In option 4, the UE determines candidate reference cells either without considering SBFD symbols or with SBFD symbols.

[0067] Specifically, the UE decides whether or not to consider SBFD symbols when determining candidate reference cells, depending on whether PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS is configured in the upper layer (in the DL sub-band) and whether PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS is configured in the upper layer (in the UL sub-band).

[0068] For example, if the symbol is the SBFD symbol of a serving cell, the serving cell will be considered in determining the candidate reference cell in one or more of the following cases:

[0069] Case-a is the case in which the UE transmits PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS using symbols (within the UL-Sub-band), as shown in Figure 15.

[0070] Case b is the case in which the UE receives PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS as a symbol (within the DL-Sub-band), as shown in Figure 15.

[0071] Case c is the case where, as shown in Figure 15, the UE does not transmit PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS with the symbol (in the UL-Sub-band) and does not receive PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS with the symbol (in the DL-Sub-band).

[0072] Case-d is the case in which, as shown in Figure 15, the UE simultaneously transmits PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS with symbols (in the UL-Sub-band) and receives PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS with symbols (in the DL-Sub-band).

[0073] Which case to apply may be predetermined in the wireless communication system 10, or it may be set by RRC.

[0074] For example, in Case-a and Case-b, the SBFD operating cell of the SBFD symbol may be considered as a candidate for the reference cell. In Case-a, the symbol may be considered a (RRC) UL symbol. Rules similar to the existing rule "the symbol is flexible and the UE transmits SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH in the symbol" can be applied to the SBFD symbol. In Case-b, the symbol may be considered a (RRC) DL symbol. Rules similar to the existing rule "the symbol is flexible and the UE receives PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS in the symbol" can be applied to the SBFD symbol.

[0075] For example, in Case-c, the SBFD operating cell does not need to be considered as a candidate for the reference cell.

[0076] For example, in Case-d, an SBFD operating cell may or may not be considered as a candidate for the reference cell. For example, in the wireless communication system 10, if it is defined that UL / DL transmission / reception (of the UL / DL Sub-band) (configured at a higher layer) always takes precedence over DL / UL transmission / reception (of the DL / UL Sub-band) (configured at a higher layer), an SBFD operating cell may be considered as a candidate for the reference cell, and its symbol may be assumed to be an (RRC) UL / DL symbol.

[0077] In Option 4, different cases may be applied to the SBFD DL symbol and the SBFD Flexible symbol. For example, for the SBFD DL symbol, the SBFD operating cell may be considered as a candidate reference cell in Cases a to d. For the SBFD Flexible symbol, the SBFD operating cell may be considered as a candidate reference cell in Cases a and b, but may not be considered as a candidate reference cell in Cases c and d.

[0078] Secondly, we will describe an example of the operation of the first step in determining a reference cell from among the candidate reference cells. An example of such operation is the Alt. shown below.

[0079] In Alt.a, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the candidate reference cells. Alt.a is the same as the existing rules.

[0080] In Alt.b, the reference cell may be a high-priority SBFD-operated cell. For example, if there is at least one SBFD-operated cell among the candidate reference cells, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the at least one SBFD-operated cell. If there are no SBFD-operated cells among the candidate reference cells, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the candidate reference cells.

[0081] In Alt.c, the reference cell may be a high-priority Non-SBFD operating cell. For example, if there is at least one Non-SBFD operating cell among the candidate reference cells, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the at least one Non-SBFD operating cell. If there are no Non-SBFD operating cells among the candidate reference cells, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the candidate reference cells.

[0082] In Alt.d, the reference cell may be an SBFD operating cell of a high-priority SBFD symbol. For example, if there is at least one SBFD operating cell of an SBFD symbol among the candidate reference cells, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the at least one SBFD operating cell of an SBFD symbol. If there is no SBFD operating cell of at least one SBFD symbol among the candidate reference cells, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the candidate reference cells.

[0083] In Alt.e, the reference cell may be a Non-SBFD operating cell of a high-priority Non-SBFD symbol. For example, if there is at least one Non-SBFD operating cell of a Non-SBFD symbol among the candidate reference cells, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the at least one Non-SBFD operating cell of a Non-SBFD symbol. If there is no at least one Non-SBFD operating cell of a Non-SBFD symbol among the candidate reference cells, the reference cell may be the cell with the smallest cell index among the candidate reference cells.

[0084] As described above, the UE, assuming that directional collision handling is to be applied in the SBFD operating cell, determines the procedure for determining the reference cell according to the conditions. The procedure for determining the reference cell may include at least one of the first and second procedures described above. The conditions are the options and conditions defined in Alt. described above.

[0085] <Definition of Terms> The following explains the definitions of terms related to SBFD.

[0086] SBFD symbol: A symbol set in the SBFD subband. Non-SBFD symbol: A symbol not set in the SBFD subband. DL (or semistatic D) symbol: A symbol indicated as DL by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon and / or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated. UL (or semistatic U) symbol: A symbol indicated as UL by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon and / or TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated. Flexible (or semistatic F, or flexible) symbol: A symbol indicated as flexible by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon and / or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated. SBFD DL symbol: A symbol designated as Downlink (DL) by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon and / or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated, in which the SBFD subband is set within the symbol. SBFD Flexible (FL) symbol: A symbol designated as Flexible by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon and / or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated, in which the SBFD subband is set within the symbol.

[0087] <Points for Consideration> At the RAN1#120 meeting, it was agreed to support SBFD operation on a single cell in the CA case. The impact on half-duplex TDD CA operation may be further discussed.

[0088] We propose a half-duplex CA collision handling method with SBFD cells, and discuss the method for determining the reference cell and the collision handling between cells.

[0089] However, the following points may be further discussed: 1. P / SP / AP / L1 CLI-RSSI / SRS-RSRP measurement resources were introduced in Rel-19, but the handling of L1 CLI-RSSI / SRS-RSRP measurement resources has not been considered. Note that P is an abbreviation for periodic. SP is an abbreviation for semi-persistent. AP is an abbreviation for aperiodic. CLI-RSSI is an abbreviation for Cross-Link Interference-Received Signal Strength Indicator. SRS-RSRP is an abbreviation for Sounding Reference Signal-Reference Signal Received Power. 2. Some of the cases described in Figures 13 and 14 do not cover collision handling.

[0090] This disclosure provides a technique for half-duplex CA collision processing that takes into account P / SP / AP / L1 CLI-RSSI / SRS-RSRP measurement resources.

[0091] This disclosure provides techniques relating to UE operation that cover half-duplex TDD CA collision handling.

[0092] <Proposal Summary> This disclosure provides the technologies of Proposal 1 to Proposal 4. • Proposal 1: Consideration of L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurement for half-duplex CA collision processing for configured or scheduled DL reception. • Proposal 2: Modification of UE operation / specifications for Case 1-1 / Case 1-2 / Case 1-3 shown in Figure 13. • Proposal 3: Modification of UE operation / specifications for Case 2-1 / Case 2-2 / Case 2-3 shown in Figure 14. • Proposal 4: Modification of UE operation / specifications for Case 3-1 / Case 3-2 / Case 3-3 / Case 3-4 / Case 3-5 / Case 3-6 / Case 3-7 shown in Figure 14.

[0093] <Proposal 1> In Proposal 1, L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurements are taken into consideration in half-duplex CA collision handling for configured or scheduled DL reception.

[0094] Regarding the determination of the reference cell, some of the above <SBFD operating cell> will be updated. For example, “PDCCH / PDSCH / CSI-RS configured in the upper layer” will be replaced with “L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurement configured in the upper layer.” Specifically, “receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS” will be replaced with “receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS, or measure L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI.”

[0095] Furthermore, Proposal 1 is combined with Proposals 2 / 3 / 4 described below. For example, Proposals 2 / 3 / 4 may include configured PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS, or L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurements in the configured DL reception. In addition, “P / SP / AP” may be added to “L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI” as described below, or only a part of P / SP / AP, for example, only P, or only P / SP, may be added.

[0096] Figures 16 and 17 illustrate Proposal 1. The explanation for Figure 16 continues in the explanation for Figure 17.

[0097] As explained in <Half-duplex CA Operation 2> above, the UE determines a reference cell for each symbol. If the symbol is flexible and the UE is configured by the upper layer to receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS at the symbol, or to measure L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI, the symbol is configured as a downlink by the upper layer.

[0098] If other cells in a cell with directionalCollisionHandling-r16 configured are operating in the same frequency band as the reference cell, the UE does not expect to be configured by the upper layer to receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS in the flexible symbols of the reference cell, or to measure L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI, nor to detect DCI formats that schedule transmission in the symbols of other cells.

[0099] If the reference cell and other cells among those configured with directionalCollisionHandling-r16 are operating in different frequency bands, and tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated indicates the symbols as the downlink or uplink of the other cells and the uplink or downlink of the reference cell, respectively, the UE assumes the symbols are flexible and does not need to receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS, or L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurements configured in the upper layer, nor does it assume to transmit SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH configured in the upper layer.

[0100] If the reference cell and other cells with directionalCollisionHandling-r16 configured are operating in different frequency bands, and the UE detects a DCI format that schedules transmission with one or more symbols in the symbol set of the other cells, the UE does not need to receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS, or L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurements configured at higher layers with the flexible symbol of the reference cell in the symbol set.

[0101] Regardless of whether the reference cell and other cells are operating in the same frequency band or different frequency bands, if at least one symbol in the symbol set is designated as downlink by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated, or is a symbol corresponding to a PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS reception, or an L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurement set by a higher layer in the reference cell, the UE will not transmit a PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH set by a higher layer in the symbol set of another cell.

[0102] Regardless of whether the reference cell and other cells are operating in the same frequency band or different frequency bands, if the symbol set is indicated as downlink by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated, or corresponds to PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS reception or L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurement configured by the upper layer in the reference cell, the other cell will not transmit SRS configured by the upper layer in its symbol set.

[0103] Regardless of whether the reference cell and other cells are operating in the same frequency band or different frequency bands, if at least one symbol in the symbol set is designated as an uplink by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated, or is a symbol corresponding to an SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH transmission set by a higher layer in the reference cell, the UE will not receive a PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS, or an L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurement set by a higher layer in the symbol set of another cell.

[0104] Regardless of whether the reference cell and other cells are operating in the same frequency band or different frequency bands, if the UE is configured by the upper layer to transmit SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH on the reference cell, or to receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS, or to measure L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI respectively, the UE assumes that the symbols indicated as downlink or uplink by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated on the other cells are flexible.

[0105] <Proposal 1: Summary> According to the above process, the UE supports half-duplex TDD CA operation and SBFD operation on a single cell, and can properly perform L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurements.

[0106] <Proposal 2> Proposal 2 provides a technique for when SBFD operation and directionalCollisionHandling-r16 are configured, and when other cells operate in the same frequency band as the reference cell. In other words, it provides a technique for changing the UE operation / specifications in Case 1-1 / Case 1-2 / Case 1-3 when SBFD operation is supported.

[0107] Proposal 2 describes the cases in which the current restrictions in Proposal 2-1 are relaxed when the SBFD subband is set to a reference cell / other cell, and Proposal 2-2 describes the UE operation in each case of Proposal 2-1.

[0108] <Proposal 2: Proposal 2-1> When SBFD operation and directionalCollisionHandling-r16 are set and the UE operates in the same frequency band as the reference cell (Case 1-1, Case 1-2, and Case 1-3), the specifications are changed as follows (see also Figure 18): ・Case 1-1 The UE does not expect the symbols to be indicated as non-SBFD downlink or uplink in the reference cell by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated, respectively, and to be indicated as uplink or non-SBFD downlink in other cells. ・Case 1-2 The UE does not expect tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated to indicate the symbols of the reference cell as non-SBFD downlink and to detect a DCI format that schedules the transmission of symbols from other cells. Case 1-3: The UE does not expect the higher layer to configure it to receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS in the flexible symbol or SBFD symbol of the reference cell and to detect the DCI format to be scheduled to be transmitted in the symbol of another cell.

[0109] Following the specification changes described above (when the SBFD subband is set in the reference cell / other cells), the current restrictions will be relaxed, and the following cases may be permitted: • Case 1-A: The symbol is set as an SBFD DL symbol in the reference cell and as a semi-static UL symbol in other cells. • Case 1-B: The symbol is set as a semi-static SFI UL symbol in the reference cell and as an SBFD DL symbol in other cells. • Case 1-C: The symbol is set as an SBFD DL symbol in the reference cell, and the UE detects a DCI scheduling a UL transmission using the symbol from another cell.

[0110] <Proposal 2: Proposal 2-2> Proposal 2-2 describes the UE operation in Case 1-A, Case 1-B, and Case 1-C of Proposal 2-1.

[0111] <Proposal 2: Proposal 2-2: Case 1-A> The symbol is set as an SBFD DL symbol in the reference cell and as a semi-SFI UL symbol in other cells. The following Case 1A-1, Case 1A-2, and Case 1A-3 are provided as UE behaviors.

[0112] - Case 1A-1 If DCI schedules the UE to receive DL reception on the reference cell's symbol: - Alt. 1A-1-1 The UE can receive DL reception on the reference cell's symbol. The UE does not send UL transmissions on the symbols of other cells. - Alt. 1A-1-2 The UE does not expect such a case. - Case 1A-2 If the UE is configured to receive DL reception on the reference cell's symbol: - Alt. 1A-2-1 The UE assumes the symbol is flexible. The UE does not need (or will not receive) configured DL reception, and does not expect to send configured UL transmissions on the symbols of the reference cell or other cells. - Alt. 1A-2-2 The UE receives configured DL reception on the reference cell's symbol. The UE does not send configured UL transmissions on the symbols of other cells. - Alt.1A-2-3 The UE does not need to receive (or does not receive) configured DL reception in the reference cell's symbol. The UE can send configured UL transmissions in other cells.

[0113] Case 1A-3: If DCI configures or schedules UE to send UL transmissions with the reference cell symbol, there will be no conflict.

[0114] <Proposal 2: Proposal 2-2: Case 1-B> The symbol is set as a semi-SFI UL symbol in the reference cell and as an SBFD DL symbol in other cells. The following Case 1B-1, Case 1B-2, and Case 1B-3 are provided as UE behaviors.

[0115] - Case 1B-1 If DCI schedules UE to receive DL reception with the symbol of another cell, -Alt.1B-1-1 UE receives DL reception with the symbol of another cell. UE does not send UL transmission with the symbol of the reference cell. -Alt.1B-1-2 UE does not expect such a case.

[0116] - Case 1B-2 If the UE is configured to receive DL reception on the symbol of another cell: - Alt. 1B-2-1 The UE assumes the symbol is flexible. The UE does not need (or does not receive) configured DL reception and does not expect to send configured UL transmissions on the symbol of the reference cell or another cell. - Alt. 1B-2-2 The UE receives configured DL reception on the symbol of another cell. The UE does not send configured UL transmissions on the symbol of the reference cell. - Alt. 1B-2-3 The UE does not need (or does not receive) configured DL reception on the symbol of another cell. The UE may / can send configured UL transmissions on the reference cell.

[0117] Case 1B-3: If the UE is in another cell and is scheduled by DCI or configured to send UL transmissions, there will be no conflict.

[0118] <Proposal 2: Proposal 2-2: Case 1-C> The symbol is set as an SBFD DL symbol in the reference cell, and the UE detects a DCI that schedules UL transmission with the symbol in another cell. The following Case 1C-1, Case 1C-2, and Case 1C-3 are provided as UE actions.

[0119] Case 1C-1: If the DCI schedules the UE to receive DL reception with the symbol of the reference cell, the UE does not expect such a case.

[0120] - Case 1C-2 If the UE is configured to receive DL reception on the reference cell's symbol, -Alt.1C-2-1 The UE does not expect such a case. -Alt.1C-2-2 The UE does not need (or will not receive) configured DL reception on the reference cell's symbol, and the UE sends UL transmissions on other cells.

[0121] Case 1C-3: If the UE is configured or scheduled by DCI to send a UL transmission with the symbol of the reference cell, there will be no conflict.

[0122] <Proposal 2: Summary> According to the above process, the UE supports half-duplex TDD CA operation and SBFD operation on a single cell, and can properly perform communication when collision handling occurs.

[0123] <Proposal 3> Proposal 3 provides a technique for when SBFD operation and directionalCollisionHandling-r16 are configured, and when the UE operates in a different frequency band than the reference cell. In other words, it provides a technique for modifying the UE operation / specifications in Case 2-1 when SBFD operation is supported.

[0124] Case 2-2 may work when the reference cell's symbol is SBFD DL or non-SBFD DL. Case 2-3 is not related to semi-static SFI DL symbols. Therefore, Cases 2-2 and 2-3 remain unchanged. Case 2-1 is modified as follows (see also Figure 19): Case 2-1 If tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated respectively designates a symbol as a non-SBFD downlink or uplink to another cell, or as an uplink or non-SBFD downlink to the reference cell, the UE assumes the symbol is flexible and does not need to receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS configured in the upper layer, nor does it expect to transmit SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH configured in the upper layer.

[0125] The above changes are limited to non-SBFD DL cases. With the above changes, the UE behavior in the following cases is clarified: ・Case2-A The UE is configured to receive DL reception with an SBFD DL symbol from another cell, and the symbol is set as a semi-SFI U in the reference cell. ・Case2-B The UE is scheduled by DCI to receive DL reception with an SBFD DL symbol from another cell, and the symbol is set as a semi-SFI U in the reference cell. ・Case2-C The UE is configured or scheduled by DCI to send UL transmissions with an SBFD DL symbol from another cell, and the symbol is set as a semi-SFI U in the reference cell. ・Case2-D The UE is configured to receive DL reception with an SBFD DL symbol in the reference cell, and the symbol is set as a semi-SFI U in other cells. ・Case2-E The UE is scheduled by DCI to receive DL reception with an SBFD DL symbol in the reference cell, and the symbol is set as a semi-SFI U in other cells. Case 2-F UE is configured or scheduled by DCI to send a UL transmission with the SBFD DL symbol of the reference cell, and the symbol is configured as semi-SFI U in other cells.

[0126] The UE operation in the above cases will be as follows: ・UE operation for Case 2-A The UE is configured to receive DL reception with the SBFD DL symbol of another cell, and the symbol is set as semi-SFI U in the reference cell. Alt.1B-2-1 / Alt.1B-2-2 / Alt.1B-2-3 from Proposal 2 Case 1B-2 may be reused. If Alt1.B-2-1 is applied, it is the same as legacy (Case 2-1). ・UE operation for Case 2-B The UE is scheduled by DCI to receive DL reception with the SBFD DL symbol of another cell, and the symbol is set as semi-SFI U in the reference cell. Alt1.B-1-1 / Alt.1B-1-2 from Proposal 2 Case 1B-1 may be reused.・UE behavior for Case 2-C The UE is configured or scheduled by DCI to send UL transmissions with the SBFD DL symbol of another cell, and the symbol is set as semi-SFI U in the reference cell. In this case there is no collision. ・UE behavior for Case 2-D The UE is configured to receive DL receptions with the SBFD DL symbol of the reference cell, and the symbol is set as semi-SFI U in another cell. Alt.1A-2-1 / Alt.1A-2-2 / Alt.1A-2-3 in Proposal 2 Case 1A-2 can be reused. If Alt.1A-2-1 is applied, it is the same as legacy (Case 2-1). ・UE behavior for Case 2-E The UE is scheduled by DCI to receive DL receptions with the SBFD DL symbol of the reference cell, and the symbol is set as semi-SFI U in another cell. Alt.1A-1-1 / Alt.1A-1-2 in Proposal 2, Case 1A-1, can be reused. • UE operation for Case 2-F: The UE is configured or scheduled by DCI to send a UL transmission with the SBFD DL symbol of the reference cell, and the symbol is configured as a semi-SFI U in other cells. In this case, there are no collisions.

[0127] <Proposal 3: Summary> According to the above process, the UE supports half-duplex TDD CA operation and SBFD operation on a single cell, and can properly perform communication when collision handling occurs.

[0128] <Proposal 4> Proposal 4 provides a technique for when SBFD operation and directionalCollisionHandling-r16 are set, and it does not matter whether other cells are in the same or different frequency band as the reference cell. In other words, it provides a technique for modifying the UE operation / specifications in Case 3-3 / Case 3-4 / Case 3-6 when SBFD operation is supported.

[0129] Cases 3-1, 3-2, 3-5, and 3-7 are not related to semi-static SFI DL symbols. Therefore, these cases remain unchanged. Cases 3-3, 3-4, and 3-6 are modified as follows (see also Figure 20): Case 3-3: If at least one symbol in the symbol set of a UE is indicated as a non-SBFD downlink by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated, or is a symbol corresponding to a PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS reception set by an upper layer in the reference cell, the UE does not transmit a PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH set by an upper layer in the symbol set of another cell. - Case 3-4: If the symbol set of the UE is configured as non-SBFD downlink by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon, or corresponds to receiving PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS configured by the upper layer in the reference cell, the UE will not transmit SRS configured by the upper layer in the symbol set of another cell. - Case 3-6: If the UE is configured by the upper layer in the reference cell to transmit SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH, or to receive PDCCH, PDSCH, or CSI-RS respectively, the UE will assume that symbols configured as non-SBFD downlink or uplink by tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon or tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationDedicated in other cells are flexible.

[0130] Cases 3-3 / 3-4 / 3-6 may be limited to non-SBFD DL cases. With the above changes, the UE behavior in the following cases is clarified: ・Case 3-A The UE is configured to send a UL transmission (e.g., SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH) with the symbol of another cell, and the symbol is set as an SBFD DL symbol in the reference cell. ・Case 3-B The UE is configured to send a UL transmission (e.g., SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH) with the symbol of the reference cell, and the symbol is set as an SBFD DL symbol in another cell.

[0131] The UE behavior in Case 3-A and Case 3-B above is as follows: ・UE behavior for Case 3-A The UE is configured to send a UL transmission (e.g., SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH) with the symbol of another cell, and the symbol is set as an SBFD DL symbol in the reference cell. The following Case 3A-1, Case 3A-2, and Case 3A-3 are provided as UE behaviors. ・・Case 3A-1 If the DCI schedules the UE to receive DL reception with the symbol of the reference cell -Alt.3A-1-1 The UE does not expect such a case. -Alt.3A-1-2 The UE does not send a configured UL transmission with the symbol of another cell. The UE can receive the scheduled DL reception in the reference cell. ・・Case 3A-2 If the UE is configured to receive DL reception with the symbol of the reference cell -Alt.3A-2-1 The UE does not expect such a case. -Alt.3A-2-2 The UE does not need to receive (or does not receive) configured DL reception on the reference cell's symbol. The UE can send configured UL transmissions on other cells. -Alt.3A-2-3 The UE does not send configured UL transmissions on the symbols of other cells. The UE can receive configured DL reception on the reference cell. ...Case 3A-3 If the UE is configured or scheduled by DCI to send UL transmissions on the reference cell's symbol, there is no conflict.

[0132] UE behavior for Case 3-B The UE is configured to send a UL (e.g., SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH) with the symbol of the reference cell, and the symbol is configured as an SBFD DL symbol in another cell. The following Case 3B-1, Case 3B-2, and Case 3B-3 are provided for the UE's behavior. ・・Case 3B-1 If the DCI has scheduled the UE to receive DL reception with the symbol of another cell -Alt.3B-1-1 The UE does not expect such a case. -Alt.3B-1-2 The UE does not send a configured UL send with the symbol of the reference cell. The UE can receive the scheduled DL reception in the other cell. ・・Case 3B-2 If the UE is configured to receive DL reception with the symbol of another cell -Alt.3B-2-1 The UE does not expect such a case. -Alt.3B-2-2 The UE does not need (or does not receive) configured DL reception with the symbols of other cells. The UE can send configured UL transmissions with the reference cell. -Alt.3B-2-3 The UE does not send configured UL transmissions with the symbols of the reference cell. The UE can receive configured DL receptions with other cells. ...case3B-3 If the UE is configured or scheduled by DCI to send UL transmissions with the symbols of other cells, there is no conflict.

[0133] <Proposal 4: Summary> According to the above process, the UE supports half-duplex TDD CA operation and SBFD operation on a single cell, and can properly perform communication when collision handling occurs.

[0134] <UE Capabilities> The UE capability, which indicates the capabilities of the UE, may include the following information indicating the capabilities of the UE. For example, the following new UE capabilities and report signaling (and RRC settings) may be defined. Note that the information indicating the capabilities of the UE may correspond to the information defining the capabilities of the UE. The UE may report the following information indicating the capabilities of the UE to the gNB: - The UE's capability for each proposal - The capability for each option in each proposal, or each combination of options - The capability for each alternative in each proposal, or each combination of alternatives The UE may report the above information indicating the capabilities of the UE to the gNB for each frequency: - Capabilities for each UE / FR1 / FR2 / FR2-1 / FR2-2 / FR3 / SCS / band / BC / FC / FSPC, etc. The UE may report the above information indicating the capabilities of the UE to the gNB for each cell: - Capabilities for each UE / cell / TDD / FDD, etc.

[0135] The capabilities of the UE described above and the configuration of this proposal are closely related, and if the functionality of each option in each proposal depends on the capabilities of the UE, the gNB may select or permit the functionality of each option based on the capabilities reported by the UE.

[0136] <Combinations with Options> In the proposals of this disclosure, which proposal applies, or which option or alternative is used, may be determined by: - ​​Setting by higher-layer parameters - Determining by relevant higher-level parameters - Indicated in MAC CE or DCI - Determining based on UE capabilities - Stated in the specification - Determining based on conditions stated in the specification - Determining by higher-layer parameters / MAC CE / DCI configuration and reported UE capabilities (combinations of the above determinations)

[0137] In each proposal of this disclosure, multiple options and alternatives may be combined into a single option / alternative. Throughout the proposals, the measured RS (reference signal) will be the QCL source RS in the active TCI state / indicated TCI state.

[0138] <Signals from NW to UE> In this disclosure, the UE may receive the following types of information from the network (NW). Throughout the proposal, the network (NW) may also be referred to as a gNB. • Information via upper-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages / LPP (LTE propositioning protocol) messages) • MAC CE subheader with a new LCID extending the existing MAC CE (e.g., introducing a new octet) • DCI DCI field: Existing DCI field or newly introduced DCI field RNTI: Existing RNTI or DCI with a scrambled CRC by the newly introduced RNTI DCI format: Existing DCI format or newly introduced DCI format • Combinations of the above information

[0139] In this disclosure, the UE may receive information from the network (NW) in the following periodic forms: Option 1: Receive information periodically; Option 2: Receive information semi-persistently (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB); Option 3: Receive information aperiodically (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0140] In this disclosure, the UE may receive information from the network (NW) as the following QCL rules: • QCL Type A • QCL Type B • QCL Type C • QCL Type D

[0141] In this disclosure, the QCL resource RS for each QCL type may be configured as follows: • SSB (SS / PBCH Block) • CSI-RS with / without repetition • TRS (tracking reference signal) • PDCCH / PDSCH DMRS

[0142] In this disclosure, information from the network (NW) is set / presented as follows: • Common to UE / Dedicated to UE • Cell-specific / Common to cell • Per UE / CC / BWP / Bandwidth / Cell / CG

[0143] <Signals from UE to NW> In this disclosure, the UE may report the following types of information to the network (NW). Throughout the proposal, the network (NW) may also be referred to as gNB. - Information via upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages / LPP messages) - MAC CE subheader with a new LCID, extending an existing MAC CE (e.g., introduction of a new octet) - UCI on PUCCH or PUSCH - Combinations of the above information

[0144] In this disclosure, the UE may report information to the network (NW) in the following periodic forms: Option 1: Send information periodically Option 2: Send information semi-persistently (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB) Option 3: Send information aperiodically (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB)

[0145] <Base Station Configuration> Figure 21 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 100 (gNodeB (gNB) 100) according to this embodiment. The gNB 100 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The gNB 100 communicates wirelessly with the UE 200 (see Figure 22).

[0146] The transmitter 101 transmits downlink (DL) signals to the UE200. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits DL signals (e.g., RRC, SIB, MAC CE, DCI, notification, acknowledgment, etc., as described above) under the control of the control unit 103.

[0147] The DL signal may include, for example, downlink data signals and control information (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)). The DL signal may also include information indicating the scheduling of signal transmission for the UE200 (e.g., UL grants). Furthermore, the DL signal may include control information from higher layers (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) control information). Finally, the DL signal may include reference signals.

[0148] The channels used to transmit DL signals include, for example, a downlink data channel and a downlink control channel. For example, the downlink data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the downlink control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, gNB100 transmits downlink control information to UE200 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0149] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include, for example, at least one of the following: Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Positioning Reference Signal (PRS). For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the downlink data signal and are transmitted using PDSCH.

[0150] The receiving unit 102 receives uplink (UL) signals transmitted from the UE200. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives UL signals (e.g., the requests and notifications mentioned above) under the control of the control unit 103.

[0151] The transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 may together be referred to as the communication unit.

[0152] The control unit 103 controls the communication operation of the gNB100, including the transmission process of the transmission unit 101 and the reception process of the reception unit 102.

[0153] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmission unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data and control information received from the reception unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0154] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on signals received from the UE200 (e.g., data and control information, etc.) and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from higher layers. Information regarding the allocated resources may be included in the control information transmitted to the UE200.

[0155] <Terminal Configuration> Figure 22 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the UE200 according to this embodiment. The UE200 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The UE200 communicates with, for example, the gNB100 wirelessly.

[0156] The transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal to the gNB100. For example, the transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the control unit 203. For example, the transmitter 202 may transmit MsgA PRACH in a valid MsgA RO determined by the control unit 203, or MsgA PUSCH in a valid MsgA PO determined by the control unit 203.

[0157] The UL signal may include, for example, data signals for the uplink and control information (e.g., UCI). It may also include, for example, information regarding the processing capability of the UE200 (e.g., UE capability). Furthermore, the UL signal may include reference signals.

[0158] The channels used to transmit UL signals include, for example, an uplink data channel and an uplink control channel. For example, the uplink data channel includes PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the uplink control channel includes PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, UE200 transmits uplink control information to gNB100 using PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using PUSCH.

[0159] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (e.g., PUSCH).

[0160] The receiving unit 201 and the transmitting unit 202 may together be referred to as the communication unit.

[0161] The control unit 203 controls the communication operation of the UE200, including the receiving process in the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting process in the transmitting unit 202.

[0162] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmission unit 202. The control unit 203 also outputs data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the upper layer.

[0163] For example, the control unit 203 controls the transmission of information to be fed back to the gNB100. The information to be fed back to the gNB100 may include, for example, HARQ-ACK, Channel State Information (CSI), or Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the gNB100 may be included in the UCI.

[0164] Here, the communication unit (receiving unit 201 and transmitting unit 202) may communicate using half-duplex time-division duplexing across multiple cells. For example, the communication unit may communicate using half-duplex TDD CA operation. The control unit 203 may determine a reference cell for each symbol from among the multiple cells for directional collision processing. One of the multiple cells may be a cell capable of simultaneous communication of uplink and downlink signals. For example, one of the multiple cells may be an SBFD operating cell. The control unit 203 may control the measurement of inter-link interference in the reference cell or other cells other than the reference cell. The measurement of inter-link interference may be L1 SRS-RSRP / CLI-RSSI measurement. The measurement of inter-link interference may be rephrased as measurement of upper and lower link interference or measurement of resources for inter-link interference measurement. The control unit 203 may determine whether the symbols of the reference cell and other cells other than the reference cell are uplink or downlink.

[0165] This concludes the explanation of this disclosure. The division of items in the above explanation is not essential to this disclosure, and matters described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and matters described in one item may be applied to matters described in another item (as long as they do not contradict each other).

[0166] <Hardware Configuration> The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0167] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0168] For example, a base station, terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and terminal according to this embodiment. The base station 100 and terminal 200 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0169] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 100 and terminal 200 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0170] Each function in the base station 100 and terminal 200 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of data reading and writing in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0171] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 103 and control unit 203 described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0172] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 203 of the terminal 200 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly. The above-described various processes have been explained as being executed by one processor 1001, but they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may also be transmitted from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0173] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0174] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc, a digital multipurpose disc, a Blu-ray® disc), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable medium including at least one of the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0175] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting unit 101, receiving unit 102, receiving unit 201, and transmitting unit 202 may be implemented by the communication device 1004.

[0176] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0177] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0178] Furthermore, the base station 100 and terminal 200 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a PLD (Programmable Logic Device), and an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and some or all of each functional block may be realized by such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0179] <Notification of Information, Signaling> Notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, notification of information may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling, broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block))), other signals, or combinations thereof. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0180] <Applicable Systems> Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 may apply to at least one system utilizing UWB (Ultra-WideBand), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate systems, and to next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon. Alternatively, multiple systems may be applied in combination (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0181] <Processing Procedures, etc.> The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, as long as there is no contradiction. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0182] <Base Station Operation> The specific operations described in this disclosure as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station and at least one other network node (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). The above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station, but it may also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0183] <Direction of Input / Output> Information, etc. (see the section on <Information, Signals>) can be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). Input and output may also occur via multiple network nodes.

[0184] <Handling of Input / Output Information, etc.> Input and output information, etc. may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information, etc. may be deleted. Input information, etc. may be transmitted to other devices.

[0185] <Determination Method> The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0186] <Variations of Embodiments, etc.> Each embodiment / appearance described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between during implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (for example, notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (for example, by not providing notification of the predetermined information).

[0187] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way.

[0188] <Software> Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, etc., whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0189] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0190] <Information, Signals> The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0191] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0192] <Systems and Networks> The terms “systems” and “networks” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0193] <Parameters, Channel Names> Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0194] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0195] <Base Station> In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point", "transmission point", "reception point", "transmission / reception point", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0196] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head (RRH)). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0197] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control or operation based on the information.

[0198] <Mobile Station> In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0199] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0200] <Base Station / Mobile Station> At least one of a base station and a mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of a base station and a mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object, and its speed of movement is arbitrary. This also includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted on them. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operation commands. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0201] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), etc.). In this case, the terminal 200 may have the functions that the base station 100 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as side channel.

[0202] Similarly, the term "terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 100 may be configured to have the same functions as the terminal 200 described above.

[0203] Figure 24 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 24, vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on vehicle 2001, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[0204] The drive unit 2002 consists of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel, which is operated by the user.

[0205] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 installed in the vehicle 2001 are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0206] Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from current sensor 2021 for sensing motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals acquired by rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals acquired by air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals acquired by shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0207] The Information Services Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Services Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0208] The Information Services Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) and output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.).

[0209] The driver assistance system unit 2030 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System)), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0210] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021-29 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0211] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0212] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include the information based on the above input.

[0213] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013).

[0214] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0215] <Meaning and Interpretation of Terms> As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., searching in tables, databases or other data structures), and ascertaining. “Determining” may also include, for example, receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having "judgmented" or "decided" after resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having "judgmented" or "decided" about some action. Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0216] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0217] <Reference Signal> The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may be called a pilot or pilot signal depending on the applicable standard.

[0218] <Meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on".

[0219] <"First", "Second"> Any reference to elements using the designations "first", "second", etc. as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be adopted, or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0220] <Means> The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0221] <Open Format> Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to be exclusive OR.

[0222] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, and wireless frame configuration> A wireless frame may consist of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0223] Numerology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. Numerology may include, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0224] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A slot may also be a time unit based on neurology.

[0225] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0226] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Different names may be used for each of these terms.

[0227] For example, one subframe may be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0228] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0229] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0230] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0231] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, a slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini slot, a sub slot, a slot, etc.

[0232] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0233] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0234] Furthermore, the time domain of the RB may contain one or more symbols and may be the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0235] One or more RBs may also be called a Physical RB (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0236] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0237] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0238] A BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be set within a single carrier for a UE.

[0239] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0240] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0241] <Maximum Transmit Power> The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0242] <Articles> In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may also include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0243] <"Different"> In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0244] This patent application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-057203, filed on 28 March 2025, and the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-057203 are incorporated herein by reference.

[0245] One aspect of this disclosure is useful for wireless communication systems.

[0246] 10 Wireless communication system 20 NG-RAN 100 Base station (gNB) 200 Terminal (UE) 101, 202 Transmitter 102, 201 Receiver 103, 203 Control unit

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a communication unit that communicates using half-duplex time-division duplexing in multiple cells; a control unit that determines a reference cell for each symbol from among the multiple cells for directional collision processing, wherein one of the multiple cells is a cell capable of simultaneous communication of uplink signals and downlink signals, and the control unit controls the measurement of inter-link interference in the reference cell or other cells other than the reference cell.

2. A terminal comprising: a communication unit that communicates using half-duplex time-division duplex in multiple cells; and a control unit that determines a reference cell for each symbol from among the multiple cells for directional collision processing, wherein one of the multiple cells is a cell capable of simultaneous communication of uplink signals and downlink signals, and the control unit controls the uplink or downlink of symbols between the reference cell and other cells other than the reference cell.

3. The terminal according to claim 2, wherein the frequency band of the reference cell and the other cells are the same.

4. The terminal according to claim 2, wherein the frequency bands of the reference cell and the other cells are different.

5. A communication method comprising: a terminal communicating using half-duplex time-division duplexing across multiple cells; determining a reference cell for each symbol from among the multiple cells for directional collision handling; one of the multiple cells being a cell capable of simultaneous communication of uplink and downlink signals; and controlling the measurement of inter-link interference in the reference cell or other cells other than the reference cell.

6. A communication method comprising: a terminal communicating using half-duplex time-division duplexing across multiple cells; determining a reference cell for each symbol from among the multiple cells for directional collision handling; one of the multiple cells being a cell capable of simultaneous communication of uplink and downlink signals; and controlling the uplink or downlink of symbols between the reference cell and other cells other than the reference cell.

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