Information processing device, information processing method, and program

Abstract

This information processing device determines, on the basis of at least information regarding sensing performed by a first sensing node using a wireless signal, whether the first sensing node is to perform sensing using a first sensing method or the first sensing node is to perform sensing using a second sensing method.

Description

Information processing apparatus, information processing method, and program

[0001] The present disclosure relates to communication networks.

[0002] In a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) communication system, techniques for sensing the surrounding environment of a terminal using radio signals are being studied. In relation to this, Patent Document 1 discloses a system that senses objects using radio signals.

[0003] Japanese National Publication of International Patent Application No. 2024-504011

[0004] An object of the present disclosure is to perform high-accuracy sensing.

[0005] One aspect of the present disclosure is an information processing apparatus comprising a control unit that executes: determining, based at least on information related to sensing using a radio signal performed by a first sensing node, whether the first sensing node performs sensing by a first sensing method or the first sensing node performs sensing by a second sensing method.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure is an information processing method executed by an information processing apparatus, the method comprising: determining, based at least on information related to sensing using a radio signal performed by a first sensing node, whether the first sensing node performs sensing by a first sensing method or the first sensing node performs sensing by a second sensing method.

[0007] Furthermore, as another aspect, there is provided a program for causing a computer to execute the above information processing method, or a computer-readable storage medium that non-transitorily stores the program.

[0008] According to the present disclosure, high-accuracy sensing can be performed.

[0009] A diagram showing an example of the architecture of a fifth-generation mobile communication system. A diagram explaining the overview of sensing in a communication system. A diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of an information processing device that can operate as SF2 and UE10. A diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of SF2. An example of a sensing request in each embodiment. An example of a condition table stored in SF2. A diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of UE10 in the first embodiment. A flowchart of the processing performed by SF2 in the first embodiment. A diagram showing an example of the sensing processing sequence. A diagram showing the processing of step S35 in more detail. A diagram showing the processing of step S35 in more detail. A diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of UE10 in the second embodiment. A flowchart of the processing performed by UE10 in the second embodiment.

[0010] In fifth-generation mobile communication systems (5G systems), there is a movement to use user equipment (UE) to sense the communication environment. For example, a network function (NF) located in the core network can have the UE measure the characteristics of the wireless signal propagation path, and by analyzing the results, it becomes possible to detect, for example, the presence of objects around the communication device.

[0011] Two methods of sensing are known: monostatic sensing and bistatic sensing. Monostatic sensing is a sensing method in which a communication device receives the reflected wave of a radio signal transmitted by the same communication device. Bistatic sensing is a sensing method in which a device receives a radio signal transmitted by another communication device, or a device transmits a radio signal and causes another communication device to receive it. Each sensing method can be used depending on the object to be sensed and the distance.

[0012] For example, monostatic sensing may be suitable when the object to be sensed is relatively close or when low latency is important. Conversely, bistatic sensing may be suitable when the object to be sensed is relatively far away or is moving. However, there may be cases where it is not possible to determine which method is suitable until sensing actually begins. The information processing method relating to this disclosure solves this problem.

[0013] An information processing device according to one aspect of the present disclosure performs, at least, based on information relating to sensing using radio signals performed by a first sensing node, the first sensing node performs sensing by a first sensing method or by a second sensing method.

[0014] The first sensing node is typically a communication device (e.g., a UE or base station) located within a radio access network. The first sensing node can sense a predetermined object using radio signals. The object to be sensed may relate to the surrounding environment of the first sensing node, such as the number of objects present around the first sensing node, the distribution of objects present around the node, the shapes of objects present around the node, or the number of other communication devices (UEs) in the vicinity.

[0015] The first sensing node may be a device that performs sensing based on instructions from the core network and provides the results to the core network, or it may be a device that performs sensing spontaneously in order to provide a predetermined service.

[0016] The control unit of the information processing device can determine, based on information regarding sensing by the first sensing node, which sensing method the first sensing node should adopt from among the first sensing method and the second sensing method. The information regarding sensing may be a plan or requirements for performing sensing, or it may be the results obtained after actually performing sensing. The first sensing method may be monostatic sensing and the second sensing method may be bistatic sensing. Conversely, the first sensing method may be bistatic sensing and the second sensing method may be monostatic sensing.

[0017] The control unit may decide to switch the first sensing method to the second sensing method if the first sensing node is performing sensing using the first sensing method and the result of the sensing satisfies predetermined conditions.

[0018] The predetermined conditions may relate to at least one of the following: the reception level of the reflected signal, the distance between the first sensing node and the predetermined object, the relative velocity between the first sensing node and the predetermined object, the relative direction of movement of the predetermined object with respect to the first sensing node, the size of the predetermined object, and the conditions of the surrounding environment of the first sensing node. This is because the preferred sensing method may differ depending on these requirements.

[0019] Furthermore, the control unit may select whether to set the initial value of the sensing method to the first sensing method or the second sensing method, depending on the content of the sensing performed by the first sensing node. For example, before the start of sensing, the control unit may use the default sensing method selected according to the content of the sensing. The content of sensing includes, for example, the object to be sensed and the requirements for sensing.

[0020] Furthermore, when switching from monostatic sensing to bistatic sensing, a communication device (second sensing node) is required to transmit and receive wireless signals. The control unit may select a second sensing node to transmit and receive wireless signals with the first sensing node when the second sensing method is selected as the sensing method.

[0021] The first sensing node may be a communication device within a wireless access network, and the information processing device may be a network function that commands the communication device to perform sensing.

[0022] The information processing method relating to this disclosure can be executed by a computer within a core network. The core network may be, for example, a 5G (5th Generation), 4G (4th Generation), or 6G (6th Generation) or later mobile core network.

[0023] The following describes specific embodiments of this disclosure with reference to the drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the hardware configurations, module configurations, functional configurations, etc., described in each embodiment are not intended to limit the technical scope of the disclosure to those described therein.

[0024] (First Embodiment) [Overview of the Communication System] Figure 1 shows an example of the architecture of a fifth-generation mobile communication system (5G). The 5G network has a 5G core network and a radio access network (RAN). User Equipment (UE) 10, Data Network (DN) 40, and Application Function (AF) 1 are connected to the 5G network. The UE 10 is the user's (subscriber's) terminal. The Radio Access Network (RAN) 20 is a radio access network to the 5G core network. The RAN 20 includes base stations (gNB). Although Figure 1 illustrates a radio access network, a non-radio access network (AN) may be used to connect to the 5G core network.

[0025] Figure 1 shows some of the components included in the 5G core network. Also, in Figure 1, components according to the first embodiment are denoted by reference numerals. In 5G, the software that implements network functions and the hardware on which that software is executed are separated using hardware abstraction technology. This allows various network function software to operate on common hardware resources, regardless of the configuration of each hardware product. Figure 1 shows the network functions (NFs) included in the 5G core network. Each of the multiple NFs included in the 5G core network is implemented by one or more computers (information processing devices) executing programs. However, a single computer may implement any two or more NFs.

[0026] The UPF (User Plane Function) 30 performs routing, forwarding, packet inspection, and QoS processing of user packets. User packets are user plane packets transmitted and received by the UE 10.

[0027] The AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) 6 accommodates the RAN and performs Registration Management, Connection Management, and Mobility Management of UEs in the 5G core network. The AMF 6 also relays messages between the SMF 3 and the UE 10.

[0028] The Session Management Function (SMF) 3 manages Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions, assigns and manages IP addresses to UEs, and selects and controls the UPF 30. PDU session management includes establishing, modifying, and releasing PDU sessions. For example, when a communication policy is changed, a PDU session modification occurs, and the change in communication policy is applied to the UPF 30 through the SMF 3. A PDU session is a virtual communication channel for exchanging data between the UE 10 and the Data Network (DN) 40. The DN 40 is an external data network (such as the cloud or the internet) outside the 5G core network.

[0029] The PCF (Policy Control Function) 4 provides each NF with policy rules (also called communication policies) in order to have each NF carry out processing in accordance with the policy rules. Communication policies include, for example, rules related to QoS, filtering, routing, or billing. When a communication policy is registered, modified, or deleted, the PCF 4 is first notified of these changes, and the PCF 4, through the SMF 6, controls the corresponding UPF 30 to set, modify, or delete the communication policy.

[0030] UDR5 stores and provides data used by UDM (Unified Data Management), PCF4, and NEF7.

[0031] Sensing Function (SF) 2 performs real-world sensing using radio signals transmitted and received by terminals and communication devices included in the 5G system. For example, SF 2 causes a specific communication device connected to the radio access network to measure the characteristics of the radio signal propagation path and acquires the results. By analyzing the acquired results, it determines the environment around a given communication device. This makes it possible to detect, for example, the presence of objects around the communication device. Note that the objects to be sensed are not limited to those obtained by analyzing radio signals. For example, physical quantities can also be sensed using sensors such as those possessed by UE 10.

[0032] NEF7 provides the ability to securely disclose network functions and event information within the 5G system to external applications such as Application Functions (AFs). NEF7 also provides the ability to transfer information from authorized external applications into the network.

[0033] AF is an application server (external server) that provides auxiliary services other than those specified in the 5G core specifications. In this embodiment, AF1 is given as an example of such a server. AF1 can, for example, send and receive information with devices within the 5G core network via NEF7. In this embodiment, AF1 is an external application that provides predetermined services based on information obtained by sensing the surrounding environment of a user terminal (UE) 10. AF1 causes a predetermined UE 10 to perform sensing via SF2, obtains the results of the sensing, and provides various services. Further details will be described later.

[0034] NWDAF8 provides analytics information within the network. This analytics information includes, for example, communication delay, throughput, jitter, and traffic load levels in each segment.

[0035] The NRF stores and manages information on Network Fields (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF) within the 5GC. The NRF can return multiple candidate Network Fields to the inquirer in response to an inquiry regarding a desired Network Field. The NSSF has the function of selecting the network slice to be used by the subscriber from among the network slices generated by network slicing. A network slice is a virtual network with specifications tailored to its intended use. The AUSF provides UE authentication functionality. The UDM provides subscriber contract information and authentication information for AKA authentication.

[0036] In a 5G core network, multiple Network Fields (NFs) of the same type may be provided. For example, one NF may be provided for each data center. Alternatively, one NF may be shared among data centers. Furthermore, multiple NFs of the same type may be configured within a single data center. The correspondence between NFs and data centers can be configured as appropriate.

[0037] Figure 2 illustrates the method for performing sensing in the communication system according to this embodiment.

[0038] The communication system according to this embodiment includes a 5G core, UE10, RAN20, and UPF30. In Figure 2, the communication system shows the 5G core and its associated network functions, specifically AF1, SF2, AMF6, and NEF7. However, the network functions included in the communication system are not limited to these.

[0039] In 5G systems, a system is being considered that uses wireless signals transmitted and received by the User Application (UE) to perform sensing based on requests from external applications.

[0040] In the first embodiment, a network function for controlling sensing using wireless signals is provided within the core network. This network function receives requests from external applications and executes sensing control based on those requests. In this embodiment, this network function is referred to as the Sensing Function (hereinafter, SF2). Based on requests received from an external application (AF1), SF2 has the function of commanding the UE10 and base station to perform sensing using wireless signals, analyzing the results, and providing them to AF1.

[0041] For example, the intensity of a millimeter-wave radio signal changes depending on the presence of objects in the propagation path. For instance, if an object is present around UE10, the propagation characteristics of the radio signal between UE10 and the base station, the propagation characteristics of the radio signal between multiple UE10s, or the propagation characteristics of reflected waves will change compared to the case where no object is present. Therefore, for example, by measuring the propagation characteristics of the radio signal transmitted and received by the target UE10, it is possible to estimate the presence or absence of objects around UE10. In this way, SF2 can instruct the target UE to perform sensing regarding the propagation path of the radio signal and acquire the results (sensing data). Furthermore, based on the obtained sensing data, the environment around UE10 (for example, the presence or absence of objects, the number of objects, the distribution of objects, etc.) can be analyzed. The radio signal used for sensing may be a reference signal, a data signal, or a signal specifically for sensing. The sensing data may be, for example, channel information (CSI (Channel State Information) information) in the propagation path, or data obtained by analyzing the CSI information.

[0042] In this embodiment, the request acquired by SF2 from AF1 includes the designation of UE10 that performs sensing, the sensing target, and sensing requirements. Examples of sensing targets include the position, size, movement speed, number, density, and distribution of objects around UE10. Sensing requirements are requirements to be satisfied in sensing, such as the sensing execution cycle, response time (delay time), sensing accuracy, and power consumption, for example.

[0043] SF2 determines whether to perform monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing based on the request, and transmits data instructing sensing (hereinafter referred to as a sensing command) to the designated UE 10.

[0044] Here, an outline of processing executed by each network function will be described with reference to FIG. 2.

[0045] (1) First, a request for executing sensing (hereinafter, a sensing request) is transmitted from AF1 to SF2. The sensing request includes an identifier of UE 10 that performs sensing, a sensing target, and sensing requirements. The sensing requirements may include, for example, information specifying sensing accuracy, sensing execution cycle, a deadline by which a sensing result should be obtained, and the like. The sensing request is transmitted to SF2 via NEF7.

[0046] (2) SF2 that has received the sensing request determines a sensing method (hereinafter, a sensing mode) to be executed by UE 10 based on the sensing request, and issues data instructing the execution of sensing (hereinafter, a sensing command) to the designated UE 10. UE 10 that has received the sensing command executes sensing in a mode specified by SF2 (monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing), and transmits the obtained data (hereinafter, sensing data) to SF2.

[0047] (3) After SF2 receives the sensing data, SF2 performs analysis on the surrounding environment of UE 10 based on the sensing data. As a result, an analysis result relating to the sensing target specified by AF1 is obtained. The analysis result is transmitted from SF2 to AF1 at a predetermined timing.

[0048] (4) Furthermore, SF2 re-determines a suitable sensing mode based on the analysis result. For example, when it is found based on the sensing data that the object which is the sensing target is moving, SF2 switches from monostatic sensing to bistatic sensing, and determines to cause UE 10 to continue sensing. UE 10 switches the sensing mode based on a command from SF2. A detailed method will be described later.

[0049] [Hardware Configuration] Next, the hardware configuration of each apparatus constituting the system will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of an information processing apparatus that can operate as a network function including SF2 and as UE 10, respectively.

[0050] The information processing apparatus 100 can be configured as a computer including a processor (CPU, GPU, etc.), a main storage device (RAM, ROM, etc.), and an auxiliary storage device (EPROM, hard disk drive, removable media, etc.). An operating system (OS), various programs, various tables, and the like are stored in the auxiliary storage device. By executing the programs stored therein, various functions (software modules) that meet a predetermined purpose as described later can be realized. The information processing apparatus 100 may also be an aggregate (cloud) of one or more computers. However, some or all of the functions may be implemented as a hardware module by a hardware circuit such as an ASIC or FPGA.

[0051] The information processing apparatus 100 is configured to include a processor 110, a memory 120, and a communication module 130.

[0052] The processor 110 is an arithmetic unit that realizes various functions of the information processing device 100 by executing a predetermined program. The processor 110 can be realized by a hardware processor such as a CPU. The processor 110 may also be configured to include RAM, ROM (Read Only Memory), cache memory, etc.

[0053] Memory 120 is a means for storing information and is composed of storage media such as RAM, magnetic disks, and flash memory. Memory 120 may also include main memory and auxiliary storage. Auxiliary storage stores programs executed by the processor 110, data used by those programs, etc. Auxiliary storage is, for example, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), a hard disk drive, or an SSD (Solid State Drive). Examples of programs stored in auxiliary storage include operating systems (OS) and control programs.

[0054] The communication module 130 is a communication interface for connecting the information processing device 100 to an external network. When the information processing device 100 functions as SF2, the communication module 130 may include, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card), an optical line interface, etc., and be configured to communicate with a predetermined network via these. When the information processing device 100 functions as UE10, the communication module 130 may be configured to include, for example, a wireless communication interface for wirelessly connecting to a 5G network.

[0055] [Software Configuration] Next, the software configuration of the information processing device 100 will be described. As mentioned above, the information processing device 100 shown in Figure 3 functions as SF2 and UE10. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the software configuration when the information processing device 100 functions as SF2.

[0056] In this embodiment, the processor 110 of the information processing device 100 functions as the control unit 21 of the SF2. The memory 120 of the information processing device 100 functions as the storage unit 22 of the SF2. The control unit 21 is configured to include a command unit 211 and an analysis unit 212 as software modules. Each software module may be implemented by the processor 110 (CPU, etc.) executing a program stored in the memory 120. The information processing performed by the software modules is synonymous with the information processing performed by the processor 110 (CPU, etc.).

[0057] The command unit 211 receives a sensing request from AF1, commands UE10 to perform sensing based on the sensing request, and obtains sensing data from UE10. Figure 5 shows an example of a sensing request received by the command unit 211 from AF1. As shown, the sensing request includes the entity performing the sensing (for example, an identifier for UE10), the object to be sensed, and the specification of the sensing requirements.

[0058] The command unit 211 first identifies the designated UE 10 from among multiple UE 10s in the communication system and determines whether the target specified by the sensing request can be sensed in accordance with the specified requirements.

[0059] For example, if the sensing requirement specifies that "sensing should be performed at 500-millisecond intervals," and the target UE10 is capable of sensing at 500-millisecond intervals, the command unit 211 determines that the specified UE10 is capable of participating in sensing.

[0060] Next, the command unit 211 determines the default sensing mode. The preferred sensing mode may vary depending on the type of object to be sensed, the relative distance, the speed of movement, etc. In this embodiment, SF2 stores data for determining the sensing mode and determines the default sensing mode based on this data.

[0061] Figure 6 shows an example of a table (hereinafter referred to as the condition table) in which data for determining the sensing mode is stored. The condition table is stored in the storage unit 22.

[0062] The condition table is a table that associates multiple conditions, such as the sensing target, its movement speed, size, and relative distance to UE10, with the sensing mode. In the diagram, "Unknown" indicates that the value is not measured or cannot be measured. Also, "Any" in the diagram indicates any value. Records in the condition table are assigned a priority, and the one with the lowest priority value is adopted. In this example, if the sensing target is X1 and sensing has not yet been performed, monostatic sensing is selected as the sensing mode.

[0063] If the determined sensing mode is monostatic sensing, the only device participating in the sensing will be the designated UE10.

[0064] Furthermore, if the determined sensing mode is bistatic sensing, the command unit 211 determines, in addition to the designated UE 10, other UE 10s that will transmit and receive radio signals with the UE 10.

[0065] When performing bistatic sensing, propagation characteristics are measured by four types of devices: initiator, responder, transmitter, and receiver. The initiator is the device that starts the sensing procedure and ultimately acquires the sensing results, and the transmitter is the device that actually transmits the wireless signal for sensing. The responder is the device that participates in sensing according to instructions from the initiator, and the receiver is the device that receives the wireless signal transmitted from the transmitter. The initiator and transmitter may be the same device, and the responder and receiver may be the same device. In this embodiment, a configuration in which UE10 acts as both initiator and receiver, and the other UE10 acts as transmitter and responder is described. The other UE10 will hereafter be referred to as the "transmitting node".

[0066] For example, UE10 may act as both initiator and transmitter, or another UE10 located near UE10 may act as responder and receiver. Of course, the roles may also be reversed. Furthermore, the initiator can act as receiver and the responder as transmitter. In this case, the responder transmits a sensing signal according to the initiator's instructions, and the initiator generates the sensing results.

[0067] When performing bistatic sensing, it is necessary to teach the target UE10 the transmitting node that will be paired with it. In this case, information identifying the transmitting node is added to the sensing command. The transmitting node can be determined, for example, based on position information and velocity information managed by the AMF6.

[0068] The command unit 211 transmits a sensing command to the determined UE 10, causing the UE 10 to perform sensing. The sensing command may include information specifying the sensing mode and the sensing target, as well as at least some of the sensing requirements received from AF1 (such as the period, cycle, or deadline for performing sensing).

[0069] The command unit 211 acquires sensing data from the UE 10. The sensing data is data obtained as a result of sensing, and can be, for example, data representing the characteristics of the propagation path (CSI information, etc.). The command unit 211 transmits the acquired sensing data to the analysis unit 212.

[0070] The analysis unit 212 analyzes the surrounding environment of the UE 10 based on the acquired sensing data. For example, if the sensing data is data representing the characteristics of the wireless signal propagation path (such as CSI information), the analysis unit 212 can analyze the data to obtain the position, number, velocity, size, distribution, shape, etc., of objects around the UE 10. The analysis unit 212 transmits the analysis results to the AF1 as sensing results.

[0071] The analysis results are also transmitted to the command unit 211. The command unit 211 compares the analysis results received from the analysis unit 212 with the condition table to determine whether or not it is necessary to switch the sensing mode. For example, suppose the analysis results indicate that the object to be sensed is moving at a speed greater than or equal to a predetermined value (let's call it V1). In this case, as shown in the example in Figure 6, this corresponds to the record with ID = 2, and it is determined that bistatic sensing is suitable as the sensing mode.

[0072] Generally, monostatic sensing is considered more suitable than bistatic sensing for an object to be sensed if the following conditions are met: (1) The object is located closer to the UE10 (or the received level of reflected signals from the object is stronger) (2) The object is moving slower or stationary (3) The object is moving in a direction that approaches the UE10 (4) The object is smaller in size (5) The degree of change in the surrounding environment of the object is smaller. The condition table may be created so that monostatic sensing is selected in such cases and bistatic sensing is selected in the opposite cases.

[0073] If it is determined that a switching of sensing modes is necessary, the command unit 211 reissues a sensing command to the target UE 10 and causes it to switch sensing modes. In this way, the command unit 211 repeatedly performs the process of dynamically switching sensing modes using the analysis results during the sensing period.

[0074] Next, the software configuration of UE10 will be described. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the software configuration when the information processing device 100 functions as UE10.

[0075] In this embodiment, the processor 110 of the information processing device 100 functions as the control unit 11 of the UE 10. The control unit 11 is configured to include a communication unit 111 and a sensing unit 112 as software modules. Each software module may be implemented by the processor 110 (CPU, etc.) executing a program stored in the memory 120. The information processing performed by the software modules is synonymous with the information processing performed by the processor 110 (CPU, etc.).

[0076] The communication unit 111 controls wireless communication other than sensing performed by the UE 10 by accessing the 5G wireless access network, for example, via a base station (gNB).

[0077] The sensing unit 112 senses a specified object and generates sensing data based on a sensing command received from SF2. Sensing may be performed, for example, by measuring the propagation characteristics of a radio signal. The propagation characteristics may be measured by the device receiving the reflected wave of a radio signal transmitted by the device itself. This mode is called monostatic sensing. If monostatic sensing is commanded by the sensing command, the sensing unit 112 generates sensing data solely by itself.

[0078] As mentioned above, propagation characteristics can be measured by a receiving node (receiver) receiving a wireless signal transmitted by a transmitting node (transmitter). This mode is called bistatic sensing. When bistatic sensing is commanded by a sensing command, the sensing unit 112 generates sensing data by sending and receiving wireless signals with the designated transmitting node.

[0079] The sensing unit 112 transmits the sensing data obtained by measuring the propagation characteristics to the SF2.

[0080] Furthermore, if a different sensing mode is specified by a sensing command, the sensing unit 112 will switch the sensing mode. For example, if SF2 commands a switch from monostatic sensing to bistatic sensing, the sensing unit 112 will establish communication with the specified transmitting node and start bistatic sensing. Also, if a command commands a switch from bistatic sensing to monostatic sensing, the sensing unit 112 will terminate communication with the transmitting node and start monostatic sensing.

[0081] Note that the configurations shown in Figures 3, 4, and 7 are examples, and all or part of the illustrated functions may be performed using specially designed circuits. Furthermore, program storage and execution may be performed using combinations of main memory and auxiliary memory other than those shown.

[0082] [Processing Flowchart] Next, we will describe the flowchart of the processing performed by the devices or network functions included in the 5G system. Figure 8 is a flowchart of the process in which SF2 communicates with UE10 based on a sensing request transmitted from AF1, obtains the sensing result, and notifies AF1. The process shown in Figure 8 starts when the sensing request issued by AF1 is received by SF2.

[0083] First, in step S11, the control unit 21 (command unit 211) of SF2 receives a sensing request transmitted from AF1. The sensing request is transmitted from AF1 to SF2 via NEF7. The sensing request includes the identifier of the UE10 to perform sensing, the object to be sensed, and the sensing requirements. Note that the sensing requirements do not necessarily have to be specified by AF1, as long as the UE10 can recognize the conditions for performing sensing.

[0084] Next, in step S12, the control unit 21 (command unit 211) determines the default sensing mode based on the specified sensing target and the condition table. In the example in Figure 6, if the sensing target is X1, monostatic sensing is selected as the default sensing mode.

[0085] Next, in step S13, the control unit 21 (command unit 211) generates a sensing command and transmits the sensing command to the designated UE 10. The sensing command may include the target to be sensed, the sensing requirements, and the sensing mode. Upon receiving the sensing request, the UE 10 performs the specified sensing and generates sensing data.

[0086] Once sensing is complete, sensing data is transmitted from UE10 (step S14). The sensing data is received by the command unit 211.

[0087] Next, in step S15, the control unit 21 (analysis unit 212) analyzes the surrounding environment of the UE10 based on the sensing data. For example, if CSI information is obtained as sensing data, the analysis unit 212 uses the CSI information to perform processes such as detecting the presence of objects around the UE10, detecting the movement of such objects, or estimating the shape of objects. As a result, analysis results regarding the position, size, and movement speed of the sensing target are obtained. The analysis results are transmitted from SF2 to AF1.

[0088] Next, in step S16, the control unit 21 (command unit 211) determines whether sensing has been completed. For example, if the sensing command instructs the system to transmit sensing data at predetermined intervals during a specified period, sensing data may be transmitted from the UE 10 multiple times during that period. In such cases, if the specified period has not yet expired, the determination in this step is negative, and processing continues. If sensing has been completed, the determination in this step is positive, and processing ends.

[0089] In step S17, the control unit 21 (command unit 211) determines whether the conditions for switching the sensing mode have been met. In this step, the results of the analysis in step S15 are compared with the conditions described in the condition table to determine if there are any matching records. If there are matching records and the sensing mode described in those records is different from the current sensing mode, the command unit 211 determines that the conditions for switching the sensing mode have been met and proceeds to step S18. If there are no matching records or the sensing modes are the same, the process returns to step S14 and continues to receive sensing data.

[0090] In step S18, the command unit 211 determines whether the current mode is monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing.

[0091] If the current mode is monostatic sensing, the process transitions to step S19, where the command unit 211 determines the transmission node for performing bistatic sensing. In step S20, the command unit 211 sends a sensing command to the UE 10 instructing it to perform bistatic sensing. This sensing command may include the identifier of the transmission node determined in step S19.

[0092] If the current mode is bistatic sensing, the process transitions to step S21, and the command unit 211 sends a sensing command to the UE 10 instructing it to perform monostatic sensing.

[0093] [Example of a communication sequence] Figure 9 is a sequence diagram illustrating the flow of data between UE10, SF2, and AF1.

[0094] First, in step S31, AF1 sends a sensing request to SF2. The sensing request includes the designation of the UE10 to perform sensing, the target of sensing, and the sensing requirements, as shown in Figure 5.

[0095] Next, in step S32, the SF2 (command unit 211) determines the default sensing mode based on the specified sensing target and the condition table. In this step, either monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing is selected.

[0096] In step S33, SF2 (command unit 211) sends a sensing response to AF1, which is a response to the sensing request. The sensing response includes a message indicating that the sensing request has been accepted.

[0097] In step S34, SF2 (command unit 211) transmits a sensing command to UE10, which was specified by the sensing request. UE10 performs sensing in response to the sensing command (step S35) and transmits the obtained sensing data to SF2 (step S36).

[0098] The actions performed by UE10 in step S35 vary depending on the specified sensing mode.

[0099] Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating in detail the processing in step S35 when the specified sensing mode is monostatic sensing. Upon receiving a sensing command that commands monostatic sensing, UE10 transmits a wireless signal for sensing in step S351. The reflected wave of the wireless signal is received in step S352, and sensing data is generated.

[0100] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating in detail the processing in step S35 when the specified sensing mode is bistatic sensing. Upon receiving a sensing command that commands bistatic sensing, UE 10 establishes a connection with the transmitting node in step S353 based on the identifier of the transmitting node included in the sensing command. Then, in step S354, it notifies the transmitting node to start sensing and starts bistatic sensing. Note that the start of sensing may also be notified to the transmitting node from SF2. The reflected wave of the radio signal transmitted by the transmitting node is received by UE 10, and sensing data is generated by the sensing unit 112 (step S355).

[0101] Returning to Figure 9, let's continue the explanation. Next, SF2 analyzes the environment around UE10 based on the sensing data (step S37) and notifies AF1 of the result (step S38). In step S39, SF2 determines whether or not to switch the sensing mode. Note that it is also possible to omit the transmission of the sensing response in step S33 and transmit the sensing response along with the sensing result in step S38.

[0102] If SF2 decides to change the sensing mode, the process from step S32 is repeated. If the changed sensing mode is monostatic sensing, the sequence shown in Figure 10 is executed; if the changed sensing mode is bistatic sensing, the sequence shown in Figure 11 is executed.

[0103] As described above, according to the first embodiment, SF2 instructs UE10 on the sensing mode and dynamically switches the sensing mode based on the sensing results obtained from UE10. With this configuration, it becomes possible to appropriately switch between monostatic sensing and bistatic sensing depending on the situation of the object being sensed, thereby improving the quality of sensing.

[0104] (Second Embodiment) In the first embodiment, SF2 controlled sensing for UE10. On the other hand, it is also conceivable that UE10 performs sensing independently without instructions from the core network and provides predetermined services based on the sensing results. The second embodiment is an embodiment in which UE10 performs sensing independently.

[0105] Figure 12 is a configuration diagram of UE10 in the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, UE10 is further configured to include an analysis unit 113. The analysis unit 113 is a software module that analyzes sensing data, similar to the analysis unit 212 of SF2. In the second embodiment, UE10 stores the condition table from the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the memory 120 of the information processing device 100 functions as the storage unit 12 of UE10.

[0106] In the second embodiment, the process shown in Figure 13 is executed when UE10 determines that sensing is necessary. Examples of such timing include the timing when application software that utilizes the sensing results is executed.

[0107] In the first embodiment, SF2 specifies the sensing target, sensing requirements, and sensing mode to UE10 by sensing command, whereas in the second embodiment, UE10 determines the sensing target, sensing requirements, and sensing mode.

[0108] First, in step S41, the sensing unit 112 determines a sensing mode based on the object to be sensed, similar to step S12. In step S42, the sensing unit 112 performs sensing according to the determined sensing mode. For example, when performing monostatic sensing, the sensing unit 112 performs sensing in the manner described in Figure 10. When performing bistatic sensing, the sensing unit 112 performs sensing in the manner described in Figure 11.

[0109] Next, in step S43, the analysis unit 113 analyzes the surrounding environment of the UE 10 based on the sensing data. The analysis results may be notified to application software or the like running on the UE 10.

[0110] In step S44, the sensing unit 112 determines whether sensing has finished, similar to step S16. In this step, for example, it is determined whether a predetermined number of wireless signal transmissions and receptions have been performed. If sensing has not finished, this step results in a negative determination, and processing continues. If sensing has finished, this step results in an positive determination, and processing ends.

[0111] In step S45, the sensing unit 112 determines whether the conditions for switching the sensing mode have been met, similar to step S17. In this step, the results of the analysis in step S43 are compared with the conditions described in the condition table to determine if there are any matching records. If there are matching records and the sensing mode described in those records is different from the current sensing mode, the sensing unit 112 determines that the conditions for switching the sensing mode have been met. In this case, the process proceeds to step S46. If there are no matching records or the sensing modes are the same, the process returns to step S42 and sensing continues.

[0112] In step S46, the sensing unit 112 determines whether the current mode is monostatic sensing or bistatic sensing.

[0113] If the current mode is monostatic sensing, the process transitions to step S47, where a transmitting node for performing bistatic sensing is determined. The transmitting node may be discovered, for example, through sidelink communication. In step S48, communication with the transmitting node is established, and bistatic sensing is started.

[0114] If the current mode is bistatic sensing, the process transitions to step S49 and starts executing monostatic sensing.

[0115] (Modifications) The embodiments described above are merely examples, and this disclosure may be modified as appropriate without departing from its essence. For example, the processes and means described in this disclosure can be freely combined and implemented as long as no technical inconsistencies arise.

[0116] Furthermore, in each embodiment, the UE 10 transmits and receives wireless signals in monostatic sensing, and the UE 10 transmit and receive wireless signals in bistatic sensing, but other devices may also participate in sensing. For example, a base station (gNB) in a wireless access network may participate in sensing. That is, the sensing pattern will be one of the following patterns: (1) Monostatic sensing by UE (2) Bistatic sensing between UEs (3) Monostatic sensing by base station (4) Bistatic sensing between base stations (5) Bistatic sensing by base station and UE When performing bistatic sensing by base station and UE, the base station may act as either an initiator or a responder. Also, the base station may act as either a transmitter or a receiver.

[0117] Furthermore, although each embodiment shows an example of switching only the sensing mode, both the sensing mode and the sensing entity may be switched based on the sensing results. For example, if the processing load of the UE10 or base station participating in sensing is high at the time of switching the sensing mode, the sensing entity may be switched to another UE10 or base station with a lower processing load.

[0118] Furthermore, although SF2 is a newly established network function in each embodiment, SF2 may be a modified version of an existing network function. For example, a network function that provides network analysis information, such as NWDAF8, may be operated as SF2.

[0119] Furthermore, in each embodiment, as shown in the condition table in Figure 6, an example configuration was given in which the sensing mode is determined based on the object to be sensed, its movement speed, size, and relative distance. However, the sensing mode may be determined based on other factors. For example, the direction in which the object to be sensed is moving, or information for identifying the environment in which the object to be sensed is located, can be used as conditions for determining the sensing mode. In addition, the sensing mode may be determined based on the sensing requirements specified by AF1. For example, the requirements related to delay time, sensing accuracy, and power consumption, which were described as sensing requirements, can also be used as conditions for determining the sensing mode.

[0120] Furthermore, the determination of the optimal sensing mode may be performed using data other than the condition table shown in Figure 6. For example, it is possible to determine the sensing mode using a machine learning model that has been trained to output the optimal sensing mode when a sensing result is input.

[0121] Furthermore, a process described as being performed by a single device may be divided and executed by multiple devices. Conversely, a process described as being performed by different devices may be executed by a single device. In a computer system, the hardware configuration (server configuration) by which each function is implemented can be flexibly changed.

[0122] The present disclosure can also be realized by supplying a computer program implementing the functions described in the embodiments above to a computer, and having one or more processors in the computer read and execute the program. Such a computer program may be provided to the computer by a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium that can be connected to the computer's system bus, or it may be provided to the computer via a network. Non-temporary computer-readable storage mediums include, for example, any type of disk such as magnetic disks (floppy disks, hard disk drives (HDDs), etc.), optical disks (CD-ROMs, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), EPROM, EEPROM, magnetic cards, flash memory, optical cards, and any type of medium suitable for storing electronic instructions.

[0123] 1...AF 2...SF 3...SMF 4...PCF 5...UDR 6...AMF 7...NEF 8...NWDAF 10...UE 20...RAN 30...UPF 40...DN

Claims

1. An information processing device having a control unit that performs the following: determining, based at least on information relating to sensing using a radio signal performed by a first sensing node, whether the first sensing node performs sensing by a first sensing method or by a second sensing method.

2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the information relating to the sensing includes the results of the sensing performed by the first sensing node.

3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the control unit decides to switch the first sensing method to the second sensing method when the first sensing node is performing sensing using the first sensing method and the result of the sensing satisfies predetermined conditions.

4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined conditions relate to at least one of the following: the reception level of the reflected signal, the distance between the first sensing node and the predetermined object, the relative velocity between the first sensing node and the predetermined object, the relative direction of movement of the predetermined object with respect to the first sensing node, the size of the predetermined object, and the conditions of the surrounding environment of the first sensing node.

5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit selects whether the initial value of the sensing method is the first sensing method or the second sensing method, depending on the content of the sensing performed by the first sensing node.

6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first sensing method is monostatic sensing and the second sensing method is bistatic sensing.

7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the control unit further selects a second sensing node for transmitting and receiving wireless signals with the first sensing node when the second sensing method is selected as the sensing method.

8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first sensing node is a communication device in a wireless access network, and the control unit functions as a network function that commands the communication device to perform sensing.

9. An information processing method performed by an information processing device, comprising: determining, based at least on information relating to sensing using a radio signal performed by a first sensing node, whether the first sensing node performs sensing by a first sensing method or by a second sensing method.

10. The information processing method according to claim 9, wherein the information relating to the sensing includes the results of the sensing performed by the first sensing node.

11. The information processing method according to claim 10, wherein the first sensing node is performing sensing by the first sensing method, and when the result of the sensing satisfies predetermined conditions, it is decided to switch the first sensing method to the second sensing method.

12. The information processing method according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined conditions relate to at least one of the following: the reception level of the reflected signal, the distance between the first sensing node and the predetermined object, the relative velocity between the first sensing node and the predetermined object, the relative direction of movement of the predetermined object with respect to the first sensing node, the size of the predetermined object, and the conditions of the surrounding environment of the first sensing node.

13. The information processing method according to claim 9, wherein the initial value of the sensing method is selected to be either the first sensing method or the second sensing method, depending on the content of the sensing performed by the first sensing node.

14. The information processing method according to claim 9, wherein the first sensing method is monostatic sensing and the second sensing method is bistatic sensing.

15. The information processing method according to claim 14, wherein, when the second sensing method is selected as the sensing method, a second sensing node that transmits and receives wireless signals with the first sensing node is further selected.

16. The information processing method according to claim 9, wherein the first sensing node is a communication device in a wireless access network, and the information processing device is a network function that commands the communication device to perform sensing.

17. A program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method described in any one of claims 9 to 16.

Images