Method of preventing overturning of girder installed on bridge substructure during bridge construction, and bridge superstructure thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bridge superstructure and a construction method therefor, and provides a bridge superstructure and a construction method therefor, the superstructure having, on a substructure on which both end portions of girders are mounted, adjacent girders transversely-connected using transverse connection members by a worker responsible for mounting girders when the two girders are mounted on the substructure of a bridge, thereby allowing the two girders to be coupled to each other and be supported by each other such that, even if external force is repeatedly applied or a large localized external force is applied to only a portion of the girders, overturning of the girders is reliably suppressed.

Description

Method for preventing overturning of girders mounted on a substructure during bridge construction and bridge superstructure resulting therefrom

[0001] The present invention relates to a bridge superstructure and a method for constructing the same, and more specifically, to a bridge superstructure and a method for constructing the same that reliably prevents overturning caused by wind loads or girder installation errors during the construction of a long-span bridge, and reduces the time required for installing facilities to prevent girder overturning while preventing safety accidents for workers.

[0002] Generally, a bridge (9) is constructed by placing a girder (10) on a bridge bearing device (55a) of a bridge substructure (55) formed by abutments or piers, as shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, connecting the girder (10) with a cross beam (20), and forming a deck concrete (30).

[0003] Recently, bridges (9) are often constructed to form straight roads in mountainous areas, so the height of the bridge piers of the bridge substructure (55) is formed to be 50m or higher, and at the same time, the construction cost of the bridge substructure (55) is increased, so the span length between the piers is constructed in a way that is gradually increasing.

[0004] As the span length increases, longer girders are applied to the bridge (9). As the length of the girder (10) increases, the load-carrying capacity of the girder (10) increases, so the cross-section of the girder (10) becomes larger and the height of the girder (10) becomes higher. For example, the height of the girder is formed to be 1.8m or more.

[0005] As a result, when a load (Ft) perpendicular to the bridge axis, such as high winds in a mountainous area, is applied to a wider cross-section while the girder (10) is mounted on the substructure (55) during the construction process of the bridge superstructure, the risk of the girder (10) overturning (66) increases.

[0006] Various configurations have been disclosed to prevent the overturning of a girder (10). As shown in FIG. 1b, the overturning of a girder can be prevented by wrapping adjacent girders (10) in the transverse direction together with a transverse connecting member (50, 50') having an '∩' cross section. However, in order to install the transverse connecting member (50, 50') having an '∩' cross section to wrap together the upper side of the girder, it is necessary for a worker to climb onto the upper surface of the girder to work in order to avoid interference with the exposed reinforcing bar on the upper surface of the girder, which raises concerns about the possibility of safety accidents for the worker and also causes a problem of taking a long time to install.

[0007] In addition, Korean registered patent No. 10-1808825 proposed a configuration that prevents the overturning of a girder by integrally combining the girder and the bearing device. However, in order to integrally combine the girder and the bearing device, the accuracy of placing the girder on the bridge substructure must be very high; therefore, there is a problem in that it is impossible or takes a very long time to precisely align the positional accuracy of the girder by supplying it to the substructure via a crane or rail in a windy place.

[0008] Meanwhile, Korean published patent No. 10-2024-0009087 discloses a configuration in which adjacent girders are interconnected by connecting them with a clamp connection fixing member (33) while the upper side of each girder is covered with a clamping member (31, 32) having an '∩' cross section. However, the process of covering and fixing the upper surface of the girder with a clamping member (31, 32) having an '∩' cross section involves a dangerous task in which a worker climbs onto the upper surface of the girder to install the clamping member, which is undesirable in terms of worker safety management. In addition, as an external force (Ft) in the horizontal direction is repeatedly applied to the girder mounted on the substructure, even if a clamping member (31, 32) with an '∩' cross section is fixed to the outer surface of the girder with a bolt, the clamping member (31, 32) placed on the upper part of the girder is gradually released from the pressure contact between the bolt and the outer surface of the girder due to the repeated load, resulting in a problem where the clamping member cannot firmly hold the girder. Furthermore, as the span length of the girder mounted on the substructure increases, the deviation of the external force (Ft) in the horizontal direction may vary depending on the location. In the case where an external force (Ft), such as a gust of wind, is applied in a mountainous area, if a large external force is instantaneously applied to a location where part of the clamping member is released, a torsional load is applied to the girder, and there is a possibility of a serious problem occurring where it overturns.

[0009] In addition, Korean published patent No. 10-2024-0009087 discloses a configuration that prevents the overturning of a girder by connecting the upper side of the girder and the bottom surface of the lower structure with a connecting unit (21, 22) formed of steel wire. However, since steel wire cannot support forces in the compression direction, it is not only impossible to prevent the overturning of the girder until it is installed on both sides of the girder, but there is also a problem that a dangerous process is required for a worker to climb onto the upper surface of the girder as the steel wire must be fixed to the upper or upper side of the girder.

[0010] Meanwhile, Korean registered patent No. 10-0632816 discloses an anti-overturning safety device (500, 510) that surrounds the outer side of an I-type girder. However, since the shape of the safety device that surrounds the outer side of the girder varies depending on the dimensions of the girder, it is difficult to reuse it depending on the site, which results in high costs. Furthermore, the anti-overturning safety device has limitations in that it cannot be utilized as a structural member because it is configured solely to prevent the girder from overturning, and it also has the problem that the possibility of overturning cannot be ruled out when it is dismantled for floor slab casting.

[0011] In order to solve the problems described above, the present invention aims to reliably prevent the overturning of a girder even in an environment where it can easily overturn due to wind loads perpendicular to the bridge axis as the cross-section of the girder increases with the lengthening of the bridge span.

[0012] The present invention aims to reliably prevent the overturning of a girder even when a part of the girder forming the superstructure of a bridge is supported on the substructure.

[0013] Above all, the present invention aims to prevent safety accidents involving workers by fundamentally eliminating the need for workers to climb onto the upper surface of the girder in order to install facilities for preventing the girder from overturning.

[0014] In addition, the present invention aims to prevent the reduction of bridge construction process efficiency due to the installation of a girder overturning prevention facility.

[0015] In addition, the present invention aims not to impair the efficiency of the bridge construction process due to the time required to dismantle the girder overturning prevention facility.

[0016] To achieve the above-described purpose, the present invention provides a construction method for constructing a bridge superstructure by arranging a plurality of girders perpendicular to the bridge axis on a plurality of bridge substructures, the plurality of bridge substructures comprising a first substructure formed of one or more of a bridge piers and abutments and spaced apart in the bridge axis direction, the method comprising: a first girder placement step of placing a first girder on the bridge substructure such that one end of the first girder is placed on the first substructure and the other end of the first girder is placed on the second substructure; and a second girder placement step of placing a second girder on the bridge substructure such that one end of the second girder is placed on the first substructure and the other end of the second girder is placed on the second substructure, wherein the second girder is placed on the bridge substructure at a position adjacent to the first girder in the bridge axis direction perpendicular to the bridge axis. A method for constructing a bridge superstructure is provided, comprising: a first transverse connecting member installation step in which the first girder and the second girder face each other at two or more locations based on the longitudinal direction of the bridge are connected by a first transverse connecting member; and a deck plate installation step in which a deck plate is constructed on the upper side of the first girder and the second girder.

[0017] The present invention provides a bridge superstructure comprising: a plurality of girders arranged perpendicular to the bridge axis on a plurality of bridge substructures, wherein one end and the other end of each girder are respectively mounted on the first substructure and the second substructure and are spaced apart in the bridge axis direction; a plurality of girders including a first girder, a second girder, and a third girder arranged perpendicular to the bridge axis, wherein the first girder is mounted on the first substructure and the second substructure and the second girder is respectively mounted on the first substructure and the third girder; a plurality of transverse connecting members connecting the opposing surfaces of the plurality of girders adjacent in the bridge axis direction, wherein the upper side of the first substructure and the upper side of the second substructure are connected; and a deck plate installed on the upper side of the plurality of girders while the girders are connected to each other by the transverse connecting members.

[0018] As explained above, the present invention can obtain the advantageous effect of eliminating the risk of overturning of girders by connecting adjacent girders laterally with a transverse connecting member by a worker responsible for installing the girders on the substructure that supports both ends of the girders when two girders are installed on the substructure of a bridge, thereby allowing the two girders to be joined together and supported by each other.

[0019] Here, the present invention provides a structural member formed with a material and shape that resists both tensile and compressive forces, which acts as a structural member while firmly connected to the girder. By having the two rows of girders and the transverse connecting member connecting their ends form a rectangular structure and resist with high torsional rigidity, the invention can obtain the advantageous effect of stably suppressing the overturning of the girder even if external forces are applied repeatedly or if a large local external force acts only on a part of the girder.

[0020] In addition, the present invention provides an advantageous effect of fundamentally eliminating girder overturning by connecting the third girder to a second transverse connecting member as soon as the third girder is placed on the substructure of the bridge, thereby connecting and fixing the girder to form a larger square structure in a grid shape, so that the three girders connected in the transverse direction behave as a single unit against wind loads, etc., in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis.

[0021] Through this, the present invention can obtain the advantageous effect of reliably preventing the overturning of the girder even in an environment where it can easily overturn due to wind loads perpendicular to the bridge axis as the cross-section of the girder increases with the lengthening of the bridge span.

[0022] In particular, the present invention is designed such that the height (H4) at which adjacent girders are connected by a transverse connecting member on the substructure in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis is set higher than the center of gravity (Hn) of the girders and lower than the upper limit of the working range of the worker on the substructure. This allows the worker responsible for installing the girders on the substructure to connect the girders by a transverse connecting member on the upper surface of the bridge substructure without having to step onto the upper surface of the girders immediately after installation, thereby protecting the safety of the worker and reducing the time required to connect the girders and eliminate the risk of overturning, thereby increasing process efficiency.

[0023] At this time, the present invention allows the total length of the transverse connecting member to be adjusted by adjusting the fastening length, and as long holes are formed in the fixing plates at both ends, a connecting member in the form of a bolt rod or exposed rebar protruding from one girder is received and connected in the long hole of the fixing plate on one side, and by extending the length of the transverse connecting member to receive and connect a connecting member in the form of a bolt rod or exposed rebar protruding from the other girder in the long hole of the fixing plate on the other side, the effect of increasing construction convenience can be obtained by connecting two adjacent girders in a short time by a worker.

[0024] Through this, the present invention can achieve the advantageous effect of shortening the overall process time by ensuring that the efficiency of the bridge construction process is not reduced by installing an anti-overturning facility during the construction of the bridge's superstructure.

[0025] In addition, the present invention prevents the risk of overturning of the girders by connecting adjacent girders in the transverse direction with a transverse connecting member at a height higher than the center of gravity of the girders when the girders are placed on the bridge substructure, and by connecting an additional transverse connecting member to the lower side of the transverse connecting member when all the planned rows of girders are placed on the bridge substructure, the concrete end transverse beam is formed in a form that embeds both the transverse connecting member and the additional transverse connecting member, thereby obtaining the effect of increasing the load distribution effect between the girders after the completion of the bridge through the two rows of transverse connecting members arranged vertically and the additional transverse connecting member.

[0026] Meanwhile, the present invention provides the advantageous effect of allowing a transverse connecting member installed at both ends of a girder located on the upper side of a bridge substructure to be permanently maintained between the girders after the bridge construction is completed, thereby not only not hindering the efficiency of the bridge construction process due to the time required to dismantle the transverse connecting member, but also utilizing it as a structural member that distributes the load acting on the girder.

[0027] FIG. 1a is a perspective view schematically illustrating the configuration of a typical bridge.

[0028] FIG. 1b is a drawing illustrating an example of a configuration that prevents girder overturning during bridge construction.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a flowchart sequentially illustrating a method for constructing a bridge superstructure according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a bridge having a bridge superstructure according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] FIGS. 4a to 4i are drawings sequentially illustrating a configuration in which the first to third girders are placed on a substructure and displacement is restrained by a transverse connecting member.

[0032] [Correction pursuant to Rule 91 26.02.2026] FIG. 4j is a drawing illustrating a configuration of another embodiment of the present invention corresponding to FIG. 4d, in which the connecting member is formed of exposed reinforcing bar, wherein the connecting member is formed of a bolt rod.

[0033] FIGS. 5a to 5d are drawings sequentially illustrating the configuration of constructing a bridge superstructure while the girders mounted on the substructure are connected by transverse connecting members.

[0034] FIG. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an example of a transverse connecting member applicable to the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a girder applicable to the present invention.

[0036] FIG. 8 is a drawing illustrating a part of a configuration in which a transverse connecting member is installed between girders on the upper side of the substructure, and the cross beams are not perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the girder.

[0037] Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the transverse connecting member of Fig. 8.

[0038] FIG. 10a is a drawing illustrating an example of the configuration of a transverse connecting member and connecting reinforcement that connects the girder mounted on the bridge substructure of FIG. 8 in a transverse direction.

[0039] FIG. 10b is a drawing illustrating another example of the configuration of a transverse connecting member and connecting reinforcement that connects the girder mounted on the bridge substructure of FIG. 8 in a transverse direction.

[0040] FIG. 11 is a plan view of a bridge superstructure excluding a floor plate according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. However, in describing the present invention, specific descriptions of known functions or configurations will be omitted in order to clarify the gist of the invention.

[0042] The 'bridge axis direction' described in this specification and claims refers to the x-axis direction in the drawings, which is the longitudinal direction in which the girders of the bridge are arranged, and the 'bridge axis perpendicular direction' described in this specification and claims is defined as the y-axis direction in the drawings, which is the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction in which the girders of the bridge are arranged.

[0043] The term "transverse direction" as used in this specification and claims refers to a direction having a component perpendicular to the cross axis, and is defined as not being limited to a direction that necessarily coincides with the direction perpendicular to the cross axis.

[0044] The term "girder" as used in this specification and claims is defined to include all types of girders that support the deck of a bridge.

[0045] The term "laterally adjacent" as described in this specification and claims is defined as meaning a state in which, for girders mounted in multiple rows in the lateral direction, they are positioned closest to one of the lateral directions. Accordingly, there is one girder laterally adjacent to the girder mounted at the outermost position, and there are two girders laterally adjacent to the girder mounted at a position other than the outermost position, one on each side in the lateral direction.

[0046] The term "girders forming a plurality of rows in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis" as described in this specification and claims refers only to a configuration in which girders are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, and the girders arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis are not necessarily limited to a form in which they are aligned parallel to each other in the bridge axis direction (a form in which both ends of the girders coincide in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis).

[0047]

[0048] As illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5d, a bridge superstructure (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a plurality of girders (110) including a first girder (110A), a second girder (110B), and a third girder (110C) which are mounted on a first substructure and a second substructure, respectively, with one end and the other end separated in the bridge axis direction, and arranged in a plurality of rows in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis; and a plurality of transverse connecting members (120A, 120B, 120C, 120D; 120) which connect the opposing surfaces (S1, S2; S2, S3;...) of a plurality of girders (110) adjacent in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, wherein the opposing surfaces of the girders are respectively connected at a height above the center of gravity of the girders on the upper side of the first substructure (551) and the upper side of the second substructure (552). It is configured to include a plurality of additional transverse connecting members (120A', 120B', 120C', 120D'; 120') that each connect the opposing surfaces of the girders at the lower height of the transverse connecting member (120) on the upper side of the first substructure (551) and the upper side of the second substructure (552); a concrete end transverse beam (140) that connects both ends (A1, A2) of the girders (110) in a manner in which the transverse connecting member (120) is embedded on the upper side of the substructure (55); a concrete central transverse beam (150) that connects the central part (CC) of the girders (110); and a floor plate (130) installed on the upper side of the plurality of girders (110) while maintaining the girders (110) in a state of being connected to each other by the transverse connecting member (120).

[0049] The above girder (110) may be a prestressed concrete (PSC) girder in which compressive prestress is introduced into the concrete part by anchoring a tension member (112) in a parabolic shape and introducing tensile force (Ps) into the tension member (112), as shown in FIG. 7.

[0050] That is, the above girder (110) may have a tension member (112) installed in a downwardly convex parabolic shape, and more than a portion of the tension member (112) may be positioned at a spaced-away location from the lateral neutral axis of the girder so that a plurality of tension members (112) can pass through the lower edge at the central part (CC) of the girder.

[0051] For convenience, a prestressed concrete girder (110) with a square cross-section shape is used as an example in the drawing, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various types of girders (110), such as steel box girders, concrete box girders, prestressed girders with an I-shaped cross-section, and steel composite girders, may be applied. That is, the present invention is not limited by the type of girder.

[0052] As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and FIGS. 5a through 5d, girders (110) forming the superstructure (100) of the bridge are arranged in multiple rows perpendicular to the bridge axis. In the bridge span where a straight road is formed, as illustrated in FIG. 5c, a first girder (110A), a second girder (110B), a third girder (110C), a fourth girder (110D), and a fifth girder (110E) of the same length are mounted on the girder (110) in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction (y-axis direction) of the substructure (55) (x-axis direction), and a deck plate (130) is placed on top of the girder (110) to cover it. In the span of a bridge where a curved or inclined road is formed, as shown in FIG. 8, the extension direction of the substructure (55') is arranged at an angle with respect to the direction perpendicular to the extension direction (x-axis direction) of the girders such as the first girder (210A), the second girder (210B), and the third girder (210C), and a step corresponding to the surface gradient of the deck plate is formed on the upper surface of the substructure (55') to form a height difference on the upper surface of the girders (210A, 210B, 210C,...).

[0053] As one of the girders applicable to the bridge superstructure (100) of the present invention, the prestressed concrete girder (110) illustrated in FIG. 7 has a portion of the reinforcing bars (115) arranged inside formed to protrude outwardly in the form of exposed reinforcing bars (115a) at both ends of the girder. The exposed reinforcing bars (115a) are exposed on the side of the girder at the location forming the end transverse beam (140), and the exposed reinforcing bars (115a) adjacent in the transverse direction are connected by connecting reinforcing bars (77) to reinforce the tensile strength of the concrete of the end transverse beam.

[0054] [Correction pursuant to Rule 91 26.02.2026] And, a portion of the exposed reinforcing bar (115a) may be formed into a connecting member (114) that connects the transverse connecting member (120) and an additional transverse connecting member (120') to the side of the girder (110). Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the connecting member (114) for connecting the transverse connecting member (120) and the additional transverse connecting member (120') may be formed in the form of a bolt rod protruding outward from the side of the girder, as shown in FIG. 4j. That is, the connecting member (114) may be formed as a bolt rod capable of screw fastening, or may be formed as an exposed reinforcing bar joined by welding. Here, the connecting member (114) is formed such that it is positioned above the center of gravity of the girder for the purpose of installing an upper transverse connecting member (120) to prevent the girder from overturning, and is positioned below the center of gravity of the girder for the purpose of installing an additional lower transverse connecting member (120') before pouring the transverse beam concrete to increase the load distribution efficiency in the transverse direction of the girder. For convenience, the following description will be made with a configuration in which a part of the exposed reinforcing bar (115a) acts as the connecting member (114).

[0055] And, in the central part (CC) where the central cross beam (150) is formed, a portion of the reinforcing bar (115) arranged inside is exposed in the form of an exposed bar (116) protruding outward from the side of the girder.

[0056] Here, the connecting member (114) used for installing the transverse connecting member (120) is set at a position (H4) higher than the height (Hn) of the center of gravity of the girder (110), and at the same time at a height (H4) lower than the upper limit of the worker's working height. Here, the upper limit of the working height is set as the maximum height at which a worker can apply sufficient force while standing on the upper surface (55s) of the substructure (55) with their arms facing upward. For example, when the profile height (H1) of the girder (110) considering the height of the bridge bearing device (55a) is 1.8m to 2.2m, the connecting member (114) to which the transverse connecting member (120) is connected can be placed at a height (H4) spaced approximately 1.5m to 1.8m from the bottom surface of the girder (110).

[0057] Above all, the girder (110) placed on the substructure (55), such as an abutment or pier, is placed at a location adjacent to the initial girder location in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis (±y-axis direction) based on the final placement location. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, if the first girder (110A) is initially placed at the end of the substructure (55), the second girder (110B) is placed at a location adjacent to the first girder (110A) in the +y-axis direction, the third girder (110C) is placed at a location adjacent to the second girder (110B) in the +y-axis direction, the fourth girder (110D) is placed at a location adjacent to the third girder (110C) in the +y-axis direction, and the fifth girder (110D) is placed at a location adjacent to the fourth girder (110D) in the +y-axis direction.

[0058] Although not shown in the drawing, if the third girder (110C) is first installed in the center of the substructure (55), then either the second girder (110B) or the fourth girder (110D) is installed at a location adjacent to the third girder (110C) in either the ±y-axis direction, and if the second girder (110B) is installed, then either the fourth girder (110D) or the first girder (110A) is installed at a location adjacent to the second girder (110C) in the -y-axis direction or at a location adjacent to the third girder (110C) in the +y-axis direction. In this manner, girders are installed at locations adjacent to the already installed girders.

[0059] The above transverse connecting member (120) is formed of a material that resists both compressive and tensile forces, and is formed to connect two adjacent girders (110A, 110B,..., 110E) in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis.

[0060] Here, if the order of installation of the girders (110) mounted on the substructure (55) is the first girder (110A), the second girder (110B), and the third girder (110C), the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are first connected by the first transverse connecting member (120A), and then the second girder (110B) and the third girder (110C) are sequentially connected by the second transverse connecting member (120B). At the same time, before the third girder (110C) is mounted on the substructure (55), the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are connected by the first transverse connecting member (120A).

[0061] Looking at the detailed configuration of the transverse connecting member (120), as shown in FIG. 6, it includes a central body (123) made of steel material with a male screw thread (123a) formed on its outer surface, a first steel pipe (121) with a female screw thread formed on one side of the male screw thread (123a) of the central body (123) and coupled with the central body (123) in a screw-fastening manner, and a second steel pipe (122) with a female screw thread formed on the other side of the male screw thread (123a) of the central body (123) and coupled with the central body (123) in a screw-fastening manner. And, a first coupling plate (121p) is coupled to the end of the first steel pipe (121), and an elongated hole (121x) is formed in the first coupling plate (121p) at a position aligned with the arrangement of the coupling member (114) to accommodate the coupling member (114). Likewise, a second coupling plate (122p) is coupled to the end of the second steel pipe (122), and an elongated hole (122x) is formed in the second coupling plate (122p) at a position aligned with the arrangement of the coupling member (114) to accommodate the coupling member (114).

[0062] Accordingly, if the first steel pipe (121) is rotated relative to the central body (123) to increase or decrease the interlocking length between the first steel pipe (121) and the central body (123), the length from the central body (123) to the end of the first steel pipe (121) decreases or increases (121d). Likewise, if the second steel pipe (122) is rotated relative to the central body (123) to increase or decrease the interlocking length between the second steel pipe (122) and the central body (123), the length from the central body (123) to the end of the second steel pipe (122) decreases or increases (122d). That is, as the interlocking length of the first steel pipe (121) and the second steel pipe (122) becomes shorter, the total length (L2) of the transverse connecting member (120) increases, and as the interlocking length of the first steel pipe (121) and the second steel pipe (122) becomes longer with respect to the central body (123), the total length (L2) of the transverse connecting member (120) can be adjusted to decrease.

[0063] The male threads (123a) formed on the central body (123) may all be formed as threads in the same direction, but according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the male threads (123a) engaging with the first steel pipe (121) and the male threads (123a) engaging with the second steel pipe (122) may be formed as threads in different directions. Through this, with the transverse connecting member (120) positioned between adjacent girders (110) in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, a worker who manages and supervises the installation of the girder by positioning the upper surface (55s) of the substructure (55) holds the handle (123n) of the central body (123) and rotates (123r) the central body (123), thereby allowing the first steel pipe (121) and the second steel pipe (122) to simultaneously increase or decrease the interlocking length with respect to the central body (123), so that precise adjustment can be easily performed to ensure that the connecting plates (121p, 122p) are in close contact with the girder.

[0064] Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 4d, when two adjacent girders (110A, 110B) are placed in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis on a bridge bearing device (55a) of a bridge substructure (55), a worker managing the girder placement process on the upper surface (55a) of the substructure (55) connects the two adjacent girders using a pre-prepared transverse connecting member (120).

[0065] [Correction pursuant to Rule 91 26.02.2026] At this time, since the connecting member (114) protruding from both ends (A1, A2) of the girder (110) is positioned at a height within the working range considering the height of the worker, the connecting member (114) protruding from the side of any one of the adjacent girders (110) can be fixed by welding (85 in FIG. 4d) or by a nut (88 in FIG. 4j) while in a state where it penetrates the elongated hole (121x) of the first connecting plate (121p) of the transverse connecting member (120). As shown in the drawing, the first connecting plate (121p) of the transverse connecting member (120) is connected to the connecting member (114) while the first connecting plate (121p) is in close contact with the opposing surface (S1) facing the second girder (110B) of the first girder (110A).

[0066] Then, as shown in FIG. 4e, a handle (123n) is attached to the central body (123) of the transverse connecting member (120) and rotated (123r) to adjust the connection length of the first steel pipe (121) and the second steel pipe (122) to the central body (123). At this time, if the female threads of the first steel pipe (121) and the second steel pipe (122) are formed in opposite directions, the first connecting plate (121p) is connected to the connecting member (114) of the first girder (110A), so by rotating the central body (123) in one direction, the first steel pipe (121) and the second steel pipe (122) can be rotated in a direction that simultaneously shortens the connection length of the first steel pipe (121) and the second steel pipe (122), thereby increasing the work speed at the site and enhancing convenience.

[0067] [Correction pursuant to Rule 91 26.02.2026] Accordingly, as the total length (L2) of the transverse connecting member (120) is extended, when the length (L2) of the transverse connecting member (120) reaches the distance between the opposing surface (S1) of the first girder (110A) and the opposing surface (S2) of the second girder (110B), a connecting member (114) in the form of an exposed reinforcing bar (115a) protruding from the second girder (110B) is inserted into the elongated hole (122x) of the second connecting plate (122p), and the second connecting plate (122p) is in a state of being in close contact with the side of the second girder (110B). Then, with the connecting member (114) of the second girder (110B) passing through the elongated hole (122x) of the second connecting plate (122p) of the transverse connecting member (120), it is firmly and permanently fixed by welding (85 in FIG. 4d) or a nut (88 in FIG. 4j).

[0068] If necessary, the length of the transverse connecting member (120) may be adjusted so that it is inserted into the elongated hole (122x) of the second connecting plate (122p), and the connecting member (114) of the first girder (110A) inserted into the elongated hole (121x) of the first connecting plate (121p) may be withheld from being firmly fixed. This makes it easier to insert and fix the connecting member (114) of the second girder (110B) into the elongated hole (122x) of the second connecting plate (122p), even if the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are mounted at a position that deviates from a predetermined position within an allowable range. In addition, the through hole of the connecting plate (121p, 122p) of the transverse connecting member (120) is formed in the shape of an elongated hole, making it easy to connect the connecting members (114) of two adjacent girders (110) with the connecting plate (121p, 122p) of the transverse connecting member (120).

[0069] Thus, the present invention allows the length of a transverse connecting member (120) to be adjusted between transversely adjacent girders (110) on a substructure (55) such as a bridge pier spaced apart in the longitudinal direction, so that the first connecting plate (121p) of the first steel pipe (121) is permanently connected by a nut (88) or welding (85) in a state where it is in close contact with the side of the first girder (110A), and the second connecting plate (122p) of the second steel pipe (122) is also permanently connected by a nut (88) or welding in a state where it is in close contact with the side of the second girder (110B), thereby enabling the transversely adjacent girders (110) to be integrally connected by the transverse connecting member (120) at both ends (A1, A2).

[0070] When the transverse connecting member (120) connects adjacent girders (110A, 110B) in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis at a height (Hn) higher than the height to the neutral axis of the girder (110A, 110B) including the bridge bearing device (55a), the transverse connecting member (120) is formed of steel and can resist both compressive and tensile forces. Therefore, the two adjacent girders (110A, 110B) are supported by each other on the transverse connecting member (120), and even if an external force (Ft), such as a wind load having a horizontal component, is applied, the girder (110A, 110B) can be reliably prevented from tipping over (66) and falling from the substructure (55), thereby obtaining an advantageous effect.

[0071] At this time, the transverse connecting member (120) may be dismantled and reused after the construction of the concrete floor plate (130) is completed, but it is preferable that the transverse connecting member (120) be permanently connected with the connecting plate (121p, 122p) in close contact with the opposing surface of the adjacent girder (110). Through this, as the bonding force between the transverse connecting member (120) and the girder (110) becomes more robust, the joint can be maintained in a robust bonded state without loosening even under repeated loads, and as a square frame structure, it can suppress minute displacement at the joint to increase resistance to repeated loads, and unlike the conventional configuration where it is placed over the top of the girder, it behaves as a single structure overall, thereby enabling high resistance to external forces.

[0072] Above all, by connecting adjacent girders (110) in the transverse direction with a transverse connecting member (120) made of steel to form a rectangular structure, the structure has high rigidity against torsional displacement. Therefore, even if a sudden large horizontal load (Ft) is applied to a local location of the girder due to a gust of wind in a mountainous area, the structure has high torsional rigidity and resists external forces as a rectangular structure with a firmly connected joint, thereby obtaining the advantageous effect of reliably preventing the overturning (66) of the girder.

[0073] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, supply means (e.g., a crane or a supply rail) for supplying a girder (110) to a substructure (55) are arranged in two or more rows, and adjacent girders (110) are supplied to the substructure (55) so as to be supported at both ends simultaneously. Then, while maintaining a state where the supply means are not separated from the girder (110), the two adjacent girders (110) can be connected by a transverse connecting member (120). Through this, it is possible to reliably prevent the girder (110) mounted on the substructure (55) from tipping over (66) due to an external force (Ft) having a sudden horizontal component.

[0074] Additionally, when the two girders (110A, 110B) initially mounted on the substructure (55) are supported in a square-shaped structure by a transverse connecting member (120), and a third girder (110C) is placed in a position adjacent to the second girder (110B), the second girder (110B) and the third girder (110C) are firmly connected on the upper side of the substructure (55) by the transverse connecting member (120) through a connecting member (114) protruding from the opposing surfaces (S2, S3) of the second girder (110B) and the third girder (110C), similar to what was described above. Accordingly, the three girders mounted on the substructure form a square grid structure, so even if a large local horizontal force acts on the girders due to repeated wind loads or gusts, the square grid structure can more firmly resist external forces and completely eliminate the possibility of overturning (66).

[0075] Meanwhile, as illustrated in FIG. 4f, when a transverse connecting member (120A, 120B, 120C, 120D; 120) connects adjacent girders (110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, 110E; 110) in the transverse direction at the height (H4) above the neutral axis of both ends of the girder mounted on the substructure (551, 552), the girders mounted in multiple rows form a square grid-shaped structure by the transverse connecting member (120) and resist external forces, thereby completely eliminating the risk of overturning.

[0076] At this time, for a plurality of girders (110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, 110E; 110) that are transversely connected by transverse connecting members (120) at both ends of the girder, exposed reinforcing bars (115a) are connected by connecting reinforcing bars (77). The connection of the connecting reinforcing bars (77) may be performed when installing the transverse connecting members (120), or it may be performed collectively after all the transverse connecting members (120A, 120B, 120C, 120D; 120) have been connected to a plurality of rows of girders (110). At this time, as shown in FIG. 4f, a space (2A) in which the connecting reinforcing bars (77) are not connected is prepared in advance on the lower side of the transverse connecting members (120).

[0077] And, prior to pouring concrete for the construction of the end cross beam (150), the exposed reinforcing bar (115a) exposed on the lower side of the transverse connecting member (120) is used as a connecting member to permanently connect adjacent girders (110A, 110B, 110C, 110D, 110E; 110) to additional transverse connecting members (120A', 120B', 120C', 120D'; 120).

[0078] As shown in the drawing, the transverse connecting member (120) and the additional transverse connecting member (120') are arranged vertically, and in the straight section of the bridge, the transverse connecting member (120) and the additional transverse connecting member (120') are arranged in a straight line perpendicular to the bridge axis. Through this, the load on the multiple girders (110) arranged in the transverse direction is easily distributed through the transverse connecting member (120) and the additional transverse connecting member (120'), thereby increasing the load-carrying capacity of the bridge.

[0079] Meanwhile, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the transverse connecting member (120) may be permanently installed only in a state where it connects the girder (110) in the transverse direction, but according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5d, a concrete end cross beam (140) that embeds the transverse connecting member (120) may be formed on the upper side of the lower structure (55) to connect a plurality of rows of girders (110A-110E; 110) in the transverse direction.

[0080] To this end, as shown in FIG. 4f, exposed reinforcing bars (115a) that protrude laterally toward each other are connected by connecting reinforcing bars (77) on the opposing surfaces (S1, S2) of the laterally adjacent girders (110), and additional transverse connecting members (120') are permanently connected to the lower opposing surfaces of the laterally adjacent girders (110).

[0081] If necessary, in the abutment of the multi-span bridge illustrated in FIG. 10a, the exposed reinforcing bar (115a) and the connecting reinforcing bar (77) connecting them may be configured to be placed only around the transverse connecting member (220), and in the pier of the multi-span bridge illustrated in FIG. 10b, the transverse connecting member (220) and additional transverse connecting member (220') may be arranged vertically, respectively, and the connecting reinforcing bar (77) may also be densely placed between the girders. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and if necessary, the transverse connecting member (120) and additional transverse connecting member (220) that permanently connect the girder (110) in the transverse direction on the upper side of the bridge substructure may be applied in various ways.

[0082] Accordingly, the end cross beam (140) is formed by embedding a plurality of girders (110A-110E, 110) in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis on the upper side of the substructure (55), and a transverse connecting member (120A-120D; 120) that connects the girders (110) in a transverse direction and acts as a structural member. Thus, the load acting on the bridge can be distributed and supported by the transverse connecting member (120) embedded in the end cross beam (140) to a plurality of girders arranged in multiple rows in the transverse direction.

[0083] In the case of a long-span bridge, the above concrete central cross beam (150) is installed to connect girders (110, 210) arranged in multiple rows at the center of the span (C1) in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis so that the load acting on the deck plate (130) can be distributed among the girders (110, 210).

[0084] To this end, exposed reinforcing bars (116) protrude from the side of the girder (110, 210) on which the central cross beam (150) is installed, and after the formwork for the construction of the central cross beam (150) is installed, connecting reinforcing bars (not shown) that connect the exposed reinforcing bars (116) are installed, and unhardened concrete is poured into the formwork to form the central cross beam (150) that connects the central part (CC) of the girder (110) in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis.

[0085] Hereinafter, a construction method (S100) for a bridge superstructure (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention configured as above is described in detail.

[0086] Step 1: As illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b, the first girder (110A) is supplied to a supply means (80) so that both ends are mounted on a first substructure (551) located at one end (E1) in the bridge axis direction (±x-axis direction) and a second substructure (552) located at the other end (E2) in the bridge axis direction (S110).

[0087] In the embodiment illustrated in the drawing, a crane is exemplified as a supply means for supplying girders (110A,...; 110); however, in cases where a crane cannot be used because the height of the upper surface of the bridge pier is high from the ground, such as in mountainous areas, a rail installed on a girder mounted on a pre-installed bridge pier can be utilized as a supply means (80). The present invention is not limited by the type of supply means (80) for supplying girders to substructures (55), such as abutments or bridge piers, and includes all configurations in which various known forms of supply means are used. For convenience, the crane illustrated in the drawing will be described as the supply means below.

[0088] At this time, a worker is positioned at each substructure (551, 552) spaced apart in the longitudinal direction to supervise and manage the first girder (110A) supplied by the supply means (80) to be accurately mounted on the bridge bearing device (55a) of the substructure (551, 552).

[0089] Step 2: As illustrated in FIG. 4c, with the first girder (110A) mounted on the substructure (55), the second girder (110B) is mounted on the bridge substructure (55) in the same manner as the mounting process of the first girder (110A), such that one end of the second girder (110A) is mounted on the first substructure (551) and the other end of the second girder (110B) is mounted on the second substructure (552), wherein the second girder (110B) is mounted on the substructure (55) at a position adjacent to the first girder (110A) in the transverse direction (±y-axis direction) (S120).

[0090] At this time, the supply means (80) of the first girder (110A) may be separated from the first girder (110A). However, according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4c, both the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are in a state of being lifted by the supply means (80), so that the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are maintained in a state where they do not tip over even when suddenly blowing gusts of wind.

[0091] Likewise, a worker is positioned on the upper surface (55s) of each substructure (551, 552) spaced apart in the longitudinal direction to supervise and manage the second girder (110A) supplied by the supply means (80) to be accurately mounted on the intended bearing device (55a) of the substructure (551, 552).

[0092] Step 3: With the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) mounted on the bridge bearing device (55a), a worker supervising the mounting of the girders (110A, 110B) on the upper surface (55s) of the substructure (55) firmly connects the opposing surfaces (S1, S2) of the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) with a first transverse connecting member (120A) without the worker having to climb onto the top of the girders (S130).

[0093] Here, the first transverse connecting member (120A) is installed to connect adjacent girders (110) in the transverse direction from the upper side of the lower structure, with the worker positioned on the upper surface of the first lower structure (551) and the second lower structure (552), respectively, without the worker stepping onto the upper surface of the girder (110). The first transverse connecting member (120A) is positioned above the neutral axis of the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B), and is positioned lower than the height at which the worker can perform the installation process.

[0094] / *94 To this end, as shown in FIG. 4d, the first transverse connecting member (120A) is positioned so that the connecting member (114) protruding from the opposite surface (S1) of the first girder (110A) passes through the elongated hole (121x) of the first connecting plate (121p) of the first transverse connecting member (120A) (99). Then, the first transverse connecting member (120A) is fixed somewhat loosely to the first girder (110A) by fastening a fastening nut (88) to the connecting member (114) or by spot welding, etc., so that the first connecting plate (121) of the first transverse connecting member (120A) is in close contact with the opposite surface (S1) of the first girder (110A).

[0095] [Correction pursuant to Rule 91 26.02.2026] Then, as shown in FIG. 4e, the central body (123) of the first transverse connecting member (120A) is rotated (123r) to shorten the connection length between the first steel pipe (121) and the second steel pipe (122) and the central body (123). Through this, the length (L2) of the first transverse connecting member (120A) is extended (120d), and the second connecting plate (122p) is in close contact with the opposing surface (S2) of the second girder (110B). At the same time, a connecting member (114) in the form of an exposed reinforcing bar (115a) protruding from the opposing surface (S2) of the second girder (110B) is passed through the elongated hole (122x) of the second connecting plate (122p). If the connecting member (114) of the second girder (110B) is not smoothly inserted into the elongated hole (122x) of the second connecting plate (122p) while the length (L2) of the first transverse connecting member (120A) is extended, the loose state between the first connecting plate (121p) and the connecting member (114) of the first girder (110A) is adjusted so that the connecting members (114) of the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are simultaneously inserted into each elongated hole (121x, 122x) of the connecting plates (121p, 122p), respectively. Then, the connecting plates (121p, 122p) are firmly fixed to the opposing surfaces of each girder (110A, 110B) by tightening a fastening nut (88 in FIG. 4j) on the connecting member (114) that penetrates the connecting plates (121p, 122p) or by welding (85) of a solid joining type such as fillet welding. After the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are firmly connected by the first transverse connecting member (120A), the possibility of the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) tipping over is eliminated by the first transverse connecting member (120A), so the supply means (80) that was holding the girder to supply and prevent tipping over is separated from the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B).

[0096] In order to reinforce the tensile strength of the concrete end cross beam (140) surrounding the first transverse connecting member (120A) and the second girder (110B) after the first transverse connecting member (120A) is installed in a state where the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are permanently connected, the exposed reinforcing bar (115a) protruding from the opposing surfaces (S1, S2) of the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) is connected with a connecting reinforcing bar (77), as shown in FIG. 4f.

[0097] Meanwhile, although the first transverse connecting member (120A) may be separated and reused, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first transverse connecting member (120A) is formed of a material capable of resisting both compressive and tensile forces, such that it is formed of steel, thereby permanently connecting the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B). Through this, as shown in FIG. 4g, the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) form a rectangular frame structure with both ends connected by the first transverse connecting member (120A).

[0098] Thus, before the third girder (110C) is mounted on the substructure (551, 552; 55), the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B), which have become rectangular structures, can resist external forces with higher torsional rigidity, and the joint between the girder (110A, 110B) and the first transverse connecting member (120A) is also maintained in a solid state with a permanent connection. Therefore, even if an external force (Ft) caused by wind load, etc., is repeatedly applied, problems such as loosening at the joints of the rectangular structure do not occur compared to the conventional structure fixed in a covered or covered form. Thus, even if a large local external force is applied to a part of the girder surface due to a sudden gust of wind, the first girder (110A), the second girder (110B), and the first transverse connecting member (120A) forming the rectangular structure do not tip over and can maintain a firm upright state, thereby obtaining an advantageous effect.

[0099] In this way, as it resists external forces in the form of a permanent square structure, during the construction process of the bridge, it is a square frame structure with a firmly fixed joint that can withstand repetitive loads or local external forces (Ft) with high torsional rigidity, and when the construction of the bridge is completed, it contributes to enabling multiple rows of girders (110) to behave as a single unit by transferring loads between the girders (110A-110E; 110).

[0100] Step 4: Then, as shown in FIG. 4h, the third girder (110C) is placed on the substructure (551, 552) located adjacent to the second girder (110B) in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis (±y-axis direction) (S140).

[0101] That is, the third girder (110C) is mounted on the bridge substructure (55) such that one end of the third girder (110C) is mounted on the first substructure (551) and the other end of the third girder (110C) is mounted on the second substructure (552), and the third girder (110C) is mounted on the bridge bearing device (55a) of the bridge substructure (55) at a position adjacent to the second girder (110B) in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis.

[0102] At this time, the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) form a rectangular structure by the first transverse connecting member (120A), so the possibility of overturning is eliminated, and thus the supply means (80) is removed from the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B). However, since the third girder (110C) has the possibility of overturning due to an external force (Ft) having a horizontal component caused by a sudden gust of wind, it is maintained in a state held by the supply means (80).

[0103] Likewise, in each substructure (551, 552), the ends (A1, A2) of the third girder (110C) are properly supported on the bridge bearing device (55a) by a worker and supervised.

[0104] Step 5: Then, as illustrated in FIG. 4i, a second transverse connecting member (120B) connecting the opposing surfaces (S2, S3) of the third girder (110C) and the second girder (110C) is installed on the upper side of the first substructure (551) and the upper side of the second substructure (552), respectively, which are spaced apart in the bridge axis direction (S150).

[0105] Here, the installation method of the second transverse connecting member (120B) is performed similarly to the installation method of the first transverse connecting member (120A). That is, while the third girder (110C) is mounted on the bridge bearing device (55a), the opposing surfaces (S2, S3) of the second girder (110B) and the third girder (110C) are firmly connected by the second transverse connecting member (120B) by a worker who was supervising the mounting of the third girder (110C) on the upper surface (55s) of the substructure (55).

[0106] At this time, as shown in the drawing, it is preferable that the first transverse connecting member (120A) and the second transverse connecting member (120B) be positioned at the same location in the bridge axis direction (±x-axis direction) so that the first transverse connecting member (120A) and the second transverse connecting member (120B) are positioned to form a straight line in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis. Through this, the shape of the rectangular structure formed by the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B), which are permanently connected by the first transverse connecting member (120A), and the shape of the rectangular structure formed by the second girder (110B) and the third girder (110C), which are permanently connected by the second transverse connecting member (120B), become identical, and by forming a shape in which they are arranged side by side, it becomes possible to continuously transmit force in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis through the transverse connecting members (120A, 120B), thereby forming an overall stable structural system and a state in which it can resist external forces more efficiently.

[0107] At this time, the first girder (110A) and the second girder (110B) are connected at both ends by the first transverse connecting member (120A) to form a rectangular structure, but since the third girder (110C) is at risk of being overturned by a sudden gust of wind, the third girder (110C) is held by the supply means (80) to prevent overturning or falling, and a process is performed to connect the second girder (110B) and the third girder (110C) by the second transverse connecting member (120B). That is, after one end of the second girder (110B) is placed on the bridge bearing device on the first substructure (551) by a worker, the opposing surfaces (S2, S3) where one end of the second girder (110B) and one end of the third girder (110C) face each other are connected by the second transverse connecting member (120B).

[0108] Then, when the second transverse connecting member (120B) permanently connects the opposing surfaces of the second girder (110B) and the third girder (110C) via the connecting member (114), the supply means (80) is separated from the third girder (110C). Then, the first girder (110A), the second girder (110B), and the third girder (110C) form two combined rectangular structures (i.e., rectangular grid structures) by the first transverse connecting member (120A) and the second transverse connecting member (120B), thereby becoming a structure that can more firmly resist external forces.

[0109] Step 6: Steps 4 and 5 are repeated for the fourth girder (110D) and the fifth girder (110E) so that, as shown in FIG. 5a, the girder (110) is installed in a predetermined number of rows (5 rows in the configuration illustrated in the drawing) to form the superstructure of the bridge, and then a process is performed to permanently connect the girder to the adjacent girder in the transverse direction using transverse connecting members (120C, 120D).

[0110] Preferably, the transverse connecting members (120A-120D) that connect the girders (110) forming a plurality of rows are installed so as to be arranged in a straight line along the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, and are permanently installed to serve as structural members between the girders (110) to continuously distribute loads between the girders and effectively resist external forces.

[0111] Meanwhile, the transverse connecting members (120A-120D; 120) that connect the girders (110A-110E; 110) in the transverse direction are permanently connected to the girders (110) and function as structural members. And, as shown in FIG. 5a, in order to form a concrete end transverse beam (140) that surrounds the transverse connecting members (120), the exposed reinforcing bars (115a) protruding from the opposing surfaces of the girders (110) that are adjacent to each other in the transverse direction are firmly connected by welding or knotting with connecting reinforcing bars (77).

[0112] Meanwhile, the installation of the connecting reinforcing bar (77) may be performed by connecting all girders (110) arranged perpendicular to the bridge axis with transverse connecting members (120), or by connecting the opposing faces of adjacent girders with each transverse connecting member (120A, 120B, 120C, 120D).

[0113] At this time, the installation space (2A) for additional transverse connecting members (120A', 120B', 120C', 120D'; 120) that distribute the load between the girders (110) is left as an empty space.

[0114] Then, as illustrated in FIG. 5b, adjacent girders (110) in the transverse direction are permanently connected via a connecting member (114) by additional transverse connecting members (120A', 120B', 120C', 120D'; 120). The additional transverse connecting members (120') are formed with the same shape and material as the transverse connecting members (120) and can be installed in the same or similar manner as the length adjustment method of the transverse connecting members (120).

[0115] An additional transverse connecting member (120') is arranged on the lower side of the transverse connecting member (120). Through this, the force acting on the upper side of the girder (110) can be transmitted between the girders by the upper transverse connecting member (120), and the force acting on the lower side of the girder (110) can be transmitted between the girders by the lower additional transverse connecting member (120'), thereby obtaining the advantage of increased load sharing efficiency between the girders.

[0116] Here, Fig. 5c is a plan view of Fig. 5b.

[0117] / *117 Step 7: And, as illustrated in FIG. 5d, a formwork (not shown) for forming a concrete end cross beam (140) that encloses connecting reinforcing bars (77) and transverse connecting members (120A, 120B, 120C, 120D; 120) at both ends (A1, A2) of the girder (110) is installed on the substructure (551, 552; 55), and unhardened concrete is poured into the formwork to construct the end cross beam (140) (S160).

[0118] Step 8: Simultaneously with Step 7 or after Step 7 is performed, formwork (not shown) for forming a floor slab concrete on which vehicles or pedestrians pass is installed on the upper side of the girder (110), and after reinforcing bars for the floor slab are arranged, unhardened concrete is poured and cured to construct a concrete floor slab (130) (S170).

[0119] Meanwhile, the construction method (S100) of the bridge superstructure according to the present invention configured as described above is also applicable to a skewed bridge in which the substructure (55') and the transverse beam are installed at an acute angle to the girder (210A, 210B, 210C,...; 210) arranged in the bridge axis direction as shown in FIG. 8.

[0120] The transverse connecting members (220A, 220B,...; 220) here are formed such that, as shown in FIG. 9, the connecting plates (221p, 222p) have an angle of inclination (ang) equal to the acute angle formed by the girder (210) and the substructure (55') with respect to the extension direction of the first steel pipe (221) and the second steel pipe (222). The reference numerals for each component of the transverse connecting member (120) in FIG. 9 are assigned similarly to the reference numerals for each component of the transverse connecting member (120) in FIG. 6, and a description thereof is omitted.

[0121] Through this, even in the skew shown in FIG. 8, each girder (210) forms a parallelogram-shaped structure by means of the transverse connecting member (220), so that it can effectively resist external forces (Ft) in the horizontal direction.

[0122] Meanwhile, the superstructure of a bridge formed by a bridge often has a slope on the deck plate, and as shown in FIG. 10a and FIG. 10b, a step corresponding to the slope of the deck plate may be formed on the upper surface (55s') of the substructure (55).

[0123] Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11, a concrete central cross beam (150) formed in the central part (CC) of a girder (110) arranged in a plurality of rows in the transverse direction may also have a transverse connecting member (151A, 151B, 151C, 151D; 151) that distributes the load of the girder installed in addition to the connecting reinforcing bar (155).

[0124] Here, the transverse connecting member (151) installed in the center of the girder can be used to correct the bending deformation in the horizontal direction of each girder (110). That is, for a girder where the amount of bending deformation in the center of the girder is large in one direction, the length can be adjusted to be short while the transverse connecting member (151) is connected, and for a girder where the amount of bending deformation in the center of the girder occurs in the other direction, the length can be adjusted to be long while the transverse connecting member (151) is connected, and so on, it can be used to correct the amount of bending deformation of the girder. That is, similar to what is shown in FIG. 10b, by arranging two or more transverse connecting members (120) that connect transversely in the central part of the girder (110, 210) in the vertical direction, not only can the transverse bending displacement of the girder be corrected, but the tilted posture of the girder mounted on the bridge bearing device can also be corrected. Furthermore, by applying a corrective force to the girder (110, 210) to correct one or more of the transverse bending displacement and posture, and then installing a central transverse beam (160) that connects the girder, the correction of one or more of the transverse bending displacement and posture of the girder can be performed more easily.

[0125] The present invention, configured as described above, allows for the installation of two girders on the substructure (55) of a bridge. When two girders are installed on the substructure supporting both ends of the girders, the worker supervising the installation of the girders on the substructure supporting both ends of the girders does not need to climb onto the upper part of the girders. Instead, the girders (110) facing each other are connected laterally using a transverse connecting member (120) formed with a material and shape that resists both tensile and compressive forces, via a connecting member (114) protruding at a position higher than the neutral axis of the girders within the worker's working height range, thereby forming a rigid rectangular structure. As a result, the two rows of girders and the transverse connecting member connecting both ends of the girders form a rectangular structure with high torsional rigidity and resistance, thereby obtaining the advantageous effect of stably suppressing the overturning of the girders even if external forces are repeatedly applied or if a large local external force acts only on a part of the girders.

[0126] In addition, the present invention allows the third girder to be connected to the first transverse connecting member and then connected to the second transverse connecting member to form a larger square structure in the form of a grid when the third girder is placed on the substructure of the bridge, thereby enabling the three transversely connected girders to behave as a single unit against wind loads perpendicular to the bridge axis, and thus fundamentally eliminates the overturning of the girder. Through this, an advantageous effect can be obtained to reliably prevent the overturning of the girder even in an environment where it can easily overturn due to wind loads perpendicular to the bridge axis as the cross-section of the girder increases with the lengthening of the bridge span.

[0127] The present invention, configured as described above, allows for the installation of two girders on the substructure (55) of a bridge. When two girders are installed on the substructure supporting both ends of the girders, the worker supervising the installation of the girders on the substructure supporting both ends of the girders does not need to climb onto the upper part of the girders. Instead, the girders (110) facing each other are connected laterally using a transverse connecting member (120) formed with a material and shape that resists both tensile and compressive forces, via a connecting member (114) protruding at a position higher than the neutral axis of the girders within the worker's working height range, thereby forming a rigid rectangular structure. As a result, the two rows of girders and the transverse connecting member connecting both ends of the girders form a rectangular structure with high torsional rigidity and resistance, thereby obtaining the advantageous effect of stably suppressing the overturning of the girders even if external forces are repeatedly applied or if a large local external force acts only on a part of the girders.

[0128] In addition, the present invention allows the third girder to be connected to the first transverse connecting member and then connected to the second transverse connecting member to form a larger square structure in the form of a grid when the third girder is placed on the substructure of the bridge, thereby enabling the three transversely connected girders to behave as a single unit against wind loads perpendicular to the bridge axis, and thus fundamentally eliminates the overturning of the girder. Through this, an advantageous effect can be obtained to reliably prevent the overturning of the girder even in an environment where it can easily overturn due to wind loads perpendicular to the bridge axis as the cross-section of the girder increases with the lengthening of the bridge span.

[0129] Meanwhile, the superstructure of a bridge formed by a bridge often has a slope on the deck plate, and as shown in FIG. 10a and FIG. 10b, a step corresponding to the slope of the deck plate may be formed on the upper surface (55s') of the substructure (55).

[0130] Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11, a concrete central cross beam (150) formed in the central part (CC) of a girder (110) arranged in a plurality of rows in the transverse direction may also have a transverse connecting member (151A, 151B, 151C, 151D; 151) that distributes the load of the girder installed in addition to the connecting reinforcing bar (155).

[0131] Here, the transverse connecting member (151) installed in the center of the girder can be used to correct the bending deformation in the horizontal direction of each girder (110). That is, for a girder where the amount of bending deformation in the center of the girder is large in one direction, the length can be adjusted to be short while the transverse connecting member (151) is connected, and for a girder where the amount of bending deformation in the center of the girder occurs in the other direction, the length can be adjusted to be long while the transverse connecting member (151) is connected, and so on, it can be used to correct the amount of bending deformation of the girder. That is, similar to what is shown in FIG. 10b, by arranging two or more transverse connecting members (120) that connect transversely in the central part of the girder (110, 210) in the vertical direction, not only can the transverse bending displacement of the girder be corrected, but the tilted posture of the girder mounted on the bridge bearing device can also be corrected. Furthermore, by applying a corrective force to the girder (110, 210) to correct one or more of the transverse bending displacement and posture, and then installing a central transverse beam (160) that connects the girder, the correction of one or more of the transverse bending displacement and posture of the girder can be performed more easily.

[0132] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described illustratively above, the scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and can be appropriately modified within the scope described in the claims.

[0133] That is, although the embodiment illustrated in the drawing describes a simple bridge with one span as an example, it is possible to apply it to simple bridges with two or more spans and rigid frame bridges. In addition, the present invention can also be applied to a continuous bridge in which girders are continuously extended on the upper side of a bridge pier, in a configuration that suppresses overturning by permanently connecting adjacent girders in the transverse direction on the upper side of two substructures spaced apart in the bridge axis direction with a transverse connecting member.

Claims

1. A construction method for constructing a bridge superstructure by arranging a plurality of girders perpendicular to the bridge axis on a plurality of bridge substructures, including a first substructure formed of one or more of piers and abutments and spaced apart in the bridge axis direction, and a second substructure. A first girder mounting step of mounting the first girder on the bridge substructure such that one end of the first girder is mounted on the first substructure and the other end of the first girder is mounted on the second substructure; A second girder mounting step in which the second girder is mounted on the bridge substructure such that one end of the second girder is mounted on the first substructure and the other end of the second girder is mounted on the second substructure, wherein the second girder is mounted on the bridge substructure at a position adjacent to the first girder in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis; A first transverse connecting member installation step in which the first girder and the second girder face each other at two or more locations based on the bridge axis direction are connected by a first transverse connecting member; A floor plate installation step of constructing a floor plate on the upper side of the first girder and the second girder; A method for constructing a bridge superstructure characterized by being composed of including 2. In Paragraph 1, A method for constructing a bridge superstructure, characterized in that the step of installing the first transverse connecting member is performed on the upper side of the first substructure and the second substructure.

3. In Clause 2, the step of installing the first transverse connecting member is, A method for constructing a bridge superstructure, characterized in that a connecting member connected to the first transverse connecting member is formed protrudingly on the opposing surface, and the first transverse connecting member is installed by connecting the first transverse connecting member and the connecting member by a worker located on the upper surface of the first substructure and the second substructure.

4. In Paragraph 3, A method for constructing a bridge superstructure characterized in that the above-mentioned connecting member is one or more of an exposed reinforcing bar protruding from the side of the girder and a bolt rod.

5. In Clause 4, the step of installing the first transverse connecting member is, A method for constructing a bridge superstructure, characterized in that, after one end of the second girder is seated on a bridge bearing device on the first substructure by a worker, and while the first girder and the second girder are held by a supply means, the opposite surfaces of the first girder and the second girder, which face each other, are connected by the first transverse connecting member by the worker.

6. In Paragraph 4, A method for constructing a bridge superstructure, characterized in that the above-mentioned connecting member is located at a height accessible to a worker, higher than the neutral axis of the first girder and the second girder on the upper side of the first substructure.

7. In Paragraph 4, A method for constructing a bridge superstructure characterized in that the first transverse connecting member is permanently connected to the first girder and the second girder, and the first girder and the second girder are a rectangular structure connected by the first transverse connecting member and resist external forces.

8. In Paragraph 6, After the installation step of the first transverse connecting member, an additional connection step of connecting the first girder and the second girder to the lower side of the first transverse connecting member with an additional first transverse connecting member; A method for constructing a bridge superstructure characterized by including additional features.

9. In Paragraph 4, A method for constructing a bridge superstructure, characterized in that the first transverse connecting member is formed to be adjustable in length, and connecting plates located at both ends of the first transverse connecting member are joined on-site by one or more of bolts, nuts, and welding while in close contact with the opposing surfaces of the first girder and the second girder.

10. In any one of paragraphs 1 through 9, A step of constructing an end crossbeam, wherein a concrete crossbeam in the form in which the first transverse connecting member connecting the first girder and the second girder is embedded is installed on the upper side of the first substructure in a form in which the first girder and the second girder are connected; A method for constructing a bridge superstructure characterized by including additional features.

11. In any one of paragraphs 4 through 9, A third girder mounting step in which the third girder is mounted on the bridge substructure such that one end of the third girder is mounted on the first substructure and the other end of the third girder is mounted on the second substructure, wherein the third girder is mounted on the bridge substructure at a position adjacent to the second girder in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis; A step of installing a second transverse connecting member in which the opposing surfaces of the second girder and the third girder facing each other are connected by a second transverse connecting member at two or more locations based on the bridge axis direction; A method for constructing a bridge superstructure, further comprising, wherein the second transverse connecting member installation step is characterized by the worker connecting the opposing surfaces of the second girder and the third girder, which face each other, with the second transverse connecting member immediately after the first end of the second girder is seated on the bridge bearing device on the first substructure.

12. In Paragraph 11, The second transverse connecting member is permanently connected to the second girder and the third girder; A method for constructing a bridge superstructure characterized by resisting external forces as a square grid structure in which the first girder and the second girder are connected by the first transverse connecting member and the third girder and the second transverse connecting member are combined.

13. In Paragraph 11, The second transverse connecting member is arranged to form a straight line with the first transverse connecting member, so that the square grid structure has a shape in which identical square structures are arranged side by side; A method for constructing a bridge superstructure, characterized in that all girders constituting the bridge superstructure are mounted on the first substructure and the second substructure, and the first substructure and the second substructure are connected to each other by a transverse connecting member on the upper side, and the floor plate installation step is performed.

14. A plurality of bridge substructures comprising a first substructure formed by one or more of piers and abutments and spaced apart in the direction of the bridge axis, and a second substructure, wherein a plurality of girders are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the bridge axis and mounted thereon as a bridge superstructure. A plurality of girders including a first girder, a second girder, and a third girder, wherein one end and the other end are respectively mounted on a first substructure and a second substructure and are arranged in a plurality in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis; Connecting the opposing faces of a plurality of adjacent girders in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, and a plurality of transverse connecting members connecting the upper side of the first substructure and the upper side of the second substructure; A floor plate installed on the upper side of the plurality of girders while the girders are connected to each other by the above transverse connecting member; A bridge superstructure characterized by including 15. In Paragraph 14, A bridge superstructure characterized in that, if the order of installation of the girders mounted on the first substructure is the first girder, the second girder, and the third girder, the first girder, the second girder, and the third girder are sequentially connected by the transverse connecting member.

16. In Paragraph 15, A bridge superstructure characterized in that, prior to the third girder being mounted on the first substructure, the first girder and the second girder are connected by the transverse connecting member as a rectangular structure that resists external forces.

17. In any one of paragraphs 14 through 16, A bridge superstructure characterized in that the above-described transverse connecting member is formed to be adjustable in length including a steel pipe, and the girder is connected by the transverse connecting member by a worker managing the placement of the girder on the first substructure.

18. In Paragraph 17, A bridge superstructure characterized in that the above-mentioned transverse connecting member is positioned above the center of gravity of the girder.

19. In Paragraph 18, A concrete end transverse beam formed by embedding the plurality of girders on the upper side of the first substructure in a direction perpendicular to the bridge axis, wherein a transverse connecting member connecting the girders in the transverse direction acts as a structural member; A bridge superstructure characterized by including additional features.

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