Method and apparatus in wireless communication system

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method and an apparatus in a wireless communication system are disclosed, the method including: generating, based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, a first signal through modulation; determining a transmission power of the first signal based on first information, where the first information includes a number of reference chips, and the number of the reference chips is based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding; transmitting the first signal based on the transmission power.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a method and an apparatus in a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G mobile communication technologies define broad frequency bands such that high transmission rates and new services are possible, and can be implemented not only in "Sub 6GHz" bands such as 3.5GHz, but also in "Above 6GHz" bands referred to as mmWave including 28GHz and 39GHz. In addition, it has been considered to implement 6G mobile communication technologies (referred to as Beyond 5G systems) in terahertz bands (for example, 95GHz to 3THz bands) in order to accomplish transmission rates fifty times faster than 5G mobile communication technologies and ultra-low latencies one-tenth of 5G mobile communication technologies.

[0003] At the beginning of the development of 5G mobile communication technologies, in order to support services and to satisfy performance requirements in connection with enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC), there has been ongoing standardization regarding beamforming and massive MIMO for mitigating radio-wave path loss and increasing radio-wave transmission distances in mmWave, supporting numerologies (for example, operating multiple subcarrier spacings) for efficiently utilizing mmWave resources and dynamic operation of slot formats, initial access technologies for supporting multi-beam transmission and broadbands, definition and operation of BWP (BandWidth Part), new channel coding methods such as a LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) code for large amount of data transmission and a polar code for highly reliable transmission of control information, L2 pre-processing, and network slicing for providing a dedicated network specialized to a specific service.

[0004] Currently, there are ongoing discussions regarding improvement and performance enhancement of initial 5G mobile communication technologies in view of services to be supported by 5G mobile communication technologies, and there has been physical layer standardization regarding technologies such as V2X (Vehicle-to-everything) for aiding driving determination by autonomous vehicles based on information regarding positions and states of vehicles transmitted by the vehicles and for enhancing user convenience, NR-U (New Radio Unlicensed) aimed at system operations conforming to various regulation-related requirements in unlicensed bands, NR UE Power Saving, Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) which is UE-satellite direct communication for providing coverage in an area in which communication with terrestrial networks is unavailable, and positioning.

[0005] Moreover, there has been ongoing standardization in air interface architecture / protocol regarding technologies such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for supporting new services through interworking and convergence with other industries, IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) for providing a node for network service area expansion by supporting a wireless backhaul link and an access link in an integrated manner, mobility enhancement including conditional handover and DAPS (Dual Active Protocol Stack) handover, and two-step random access for simplifying random access procedures (2-step RACH for NR). There also has been ongoing standardization in system architecture / service regarding a 5G baseline architecture (for example, service based architecture or service based interface) for combining Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies, and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) for receiving services based on UE positions.

[0006] As 5G mobile communication systems are commercialized, connected devices that have been exponentially increasing will be connected to communication networks, and it is accordingly expected that enhanced functions and performances of 5G mobile communication systems and integrated operations of connected devices will be necessary. To this end, new research is scheduled in connection with eXtended Reality (XR) for efficiently supporting AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), MR (Mixed Reality) and the like, 5G performance improvement and complexity reduction by utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), AI service support, metaverse service support, and drone communication.

[0007] Furthermore, such development of 5G mobile communication systems will serve as a basis for developing not only new waveforms for providing coverage in terahertz bands of 6G mobile communication technologies, multi-antenna transmission technologies such as Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas and large-scale antennas, metamaterial-based lenses and antennas for improving coverage of terahertz band signals, high-dimensional space multiplexing technology using OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum), and RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface), but also full-duplex technology for increasing frequency efficiency of 6G mobile communication technologies and improving system networks, AI-based communication technology for implementing system optimization by utilizing satellites and AI (Artificial Intelligence) from the design stage and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions, and next-generation distributed computing technology for implementing services at levels of complexity exceeding the limit of UE operation capability by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources.

[0008] In order to meet the increasing demand for wireless data communication services since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or pre-5G communication systems are also called "Beyond 4G networks" or "Post-LTE systems".

[0009] In order to achieve a higher data rate, 5G communication systems are implemented in higher frequency (millimeter, mmWave) bands, e.g., 60 GHz bands. In order to reduce propagation loss of radio waves and increase a transmission distance, technologies such as beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beamforming and large-scale antenna are discussed in 5G communication systems.

[0010] In addition, in 5G communication systems, developments of system network improvement are underway based on advanced small cell, cloud radio access network (RAN), ultra-dense network, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, mobile network, cooperative communication, coordinated multi-points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancellation, etc.

[0011] In 5G systems, hybrid FSK and QAM modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) as advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as advanced access technologies have been developed.

[0012] The present disclosure addresses the need for a UE to determine transmission power.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system including: generating, based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, a first signal through modulation; determining a transmission power of the first signal based on first information, where the first information includes a number of reference chips, and the number of the reference chips is based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding; transmitting the first signal based on the transmission power.

[0014] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the modulation includes On-Off Keying (OOK).

[0015] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the number of the reference chips is based on, in a signal corresponding to one Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a maximum number or a minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation, where the signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol includes a signal corresponding to a Cyclic Prefix (CP) and / or a signal not corresponding to the CP.

[0016] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the signal corresponding to the CP is associated with the signal not corresponding to the CP.

[0017] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in the signal not corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on at least one of: the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to information bits; the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble; whether the signal not corresponding to the CP is transmitted in a first or an N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the first signal; whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform; a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP; whether the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP; a line encoded codeword used for the signal not corresponding to the CP; a number of corresponding chips in one OFDM symbol.

[0018] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in the signal corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on at least one of: the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to information bits; the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble; whether the signal not corresponding to the CP is transmitted in a first or an N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the first signal; whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform; a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP; whether the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP; a number of corresponding chips in one OFDM symbol; a duration corresponding to the CP; a number of chips corresponding to the CP; a method of inserting the CP; whether a configured or preset waveform is included in a signal copied by the CP; a pattern of the configured or preset waveform included in the signal copied by the CP.

[0019] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the signal not corresponding to the CP and / or the signal corresponding to the CP correspond to information bits, the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP, and the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on a line encoded codeword.

[0020] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the signal not corresponding to the CP and / or the signal corresponding to the CP correspond to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble, and the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform and / or a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP.

[0021] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the determining a transmission power of the first signal based on first information includes: determining the transmission power of the first signal according to second information related to power control based on the first information.

[0022] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the second information includes at least one of: information related to a maximum transmission power; a parameter related to path loss and / or a channel state; a power level; information related to power ramping; a parameter related to the power control; a number of corresponding chips in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; a method of the modulation; a method of the line encoding; a method of inserting a Cyclic Prefix (CP).

[0023] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the method further includes receiving the first information and / or the second information from a base station and / or a second UE in at least one of the following signaling and / or information: Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration information; paging signaling; first signaling for triggering an inventory process; third signaling in response to second signaling that is response signaling to the first signaling; fifth signaling in response to fourth signaling that is response signaling to the third signaling; other signaling other than the paging signaling, the first signaling, the second signaling, and the third signaling; control information.

[0024] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the first information and / or the second information are used for the power control of at least one of: all transmissions transmitted by the first UE; all transmissions transmitted by the first UE in a current transmission process; all transmissions transmitted by the first UE in a current round of the current transmission process; all transmissions transmitted by the first UE in response to the at least one signaling and / or information.

[0025] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the determining a transmission power of the first signal includes: determining a second transmission power corresponding to each chip in the first signal based on a first transmission power corresponding to a signal on one OFDM symbol.

[0026] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the first transmission power includes at least one of: a maximum transmission power; a transmission power determined according to the first information and / or second information related to power control.

[0027] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the determining a transmission power of the first signal includes adjusting a transmission power of at least one chip in the first signal, and the adjusting a transmission power of at least one chip in the first signal includes at least one of: if a total transmission power corresponding to a signal on a first OFDM symbol is less than a first transmission power corresponding to a signal on one OFDM symbol, increasing a transmission power of at least one chip with high voltage level or each chip with high voltage level in the signal on the first OFDM symbol; adjusting a transmission power of at least one chip corresponding to a third signal, and / or not adjusting a transmission power of at least one chip corresponding to a second signal, where the second signal includes at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble or includes at least one specific part in any of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble, and the third signal includes other signals in the first signal except the second signal.

[0028] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the increasing the transmission power includes at least one of: increasing a same transmission power for each chip with high voltage level; increasing a transmission power of chips corresponding to information bits, and not increasing a transmission power of chips corresponding to the pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble; increasing a transmission power of chips corresponding to control information, and not increasing a transmission power of corresponding information bits.

[0029] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the first signal includes at least one of: a Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH), a Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH), a pre-amble, a mid-amble, a post-amble, and a CP corresponding to at least one of the PRDCH, the PDRCH, the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble.

[0030] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the first signal includes at least one of: a signal corresponding to a Reader to Device (R2D) transmission, a signal corresponding to a Device to Reader (D2R) transmission, and a Carrier Wave (CW).

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system including: receiving a first signal, where the first signal is generated through modulation based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, and a transmission power of the first signal is determined based on first information, and where the first information includes a number of reference chips, and the number of the reference chips is based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding; demodulating the first signal.

[0032] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the modulation includes On-Off Keying (OOK).

[0033] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the number of the reference chips is based on, in a signal corresponding to one Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a maximum number or a minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation, where the signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol includes a signal corresponding to a Cyclic Prefix (CP) and / or a signal not corresponding to the CP.

[0034] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the signal corresponding to the CP is associated with the signal not corresponding to the CP.

[0035] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in the signal not corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on at least one of: the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to information bits; the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble; whether the signal not corresponding to the CP is transmitted in a first or an N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the first signal; whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform; a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP; whether the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP; a line encoded codeword used for the signal not corresponding to the CP; a number of corresponding chips in one OFDM symbol.

[0036] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in the signal corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on at least one of: the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to information bits; the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble; whether the signal not corresponding to the CP is transmitted in a first or an N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the first signal; whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform; a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP; whether the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP; a number of corresponding chips in one OFDM symbol; a duration corresponding to the CP; a number of chips corresponding to the CP; a method of inserting the CP; whether a configured or preset waveform is included in a signal copied by the CP; a pattern of the configured or preset waveform included in the signal copied by the CP.

[0037] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the signal not corresponding to the CP and / or the signal corresponding to the CP correspond to information bits, the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP, and the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on a line encoded codeword.

[0038] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the signal not corresponding to the CP and / or the signal corresponding to the CP correspond to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble, and the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform and / or a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP.

[0039] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the transmission power of the first signal is determined according to second information related to power control based on the first information.

[0040] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the second information includes at least one of: information related to a maximum transmission power; a parameter related to path loss and / or a channel state; a power level; information related to power ramping; a parameter related to the power control; a number of corresponding chips in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; a method of the modulation; a method of the line encoding; a method of inserting a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0041] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the method further includes transmitting the first information and / or the second information to a first UE in at least one of the following signaling and / or information: Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration information; paging signaling; first signaling for triggering an inventory process; third signaling in response to second signaling that is response signaling to the first signaling; fifth signaling in response to fourth signaling that is response signaling to the third signaling; other signaling other than the paging signaling, the first signaling, the second signaling, and the third signaling; control information.

[0042] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the first information and / or the second information are used for the power control of at least one of: all transmissions transmitted by the first UE; all transmissions transmitted by the first UE in a current transmission process; all transmissions transmitted by the first UE in a current round of the current transmission process; all transmissions transmitted by the first UE in response to the at least one signaling and / or information.

[0043] In an implementation of the present disclosure, a second transmission power corresponding to each chip in the first signal is determined based on a first transmission power corresponding to a signal on one OFDM symbol.

[0044] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the first transmission power includes at least one of: a maximum transmission power; a transmission power determined according to the first information and / or second information related to power control.

[0045] In an implementation of the present disclosure, a transmission power of at least one chip in the first signal is adjusted, and if a total transmission power corresponding to a signal on a first OFDM symbol is less than a first transmission power corresponding to a signal on one OFDM symbol, a transmission power of at least one chip with high voltage level or each chip with high voltage level in the signal on the first OFDM symbol is increased; a transmission power of at least one chip corresponding to a third signal is adjusted, and / or a transmission power of at least one chip corresponding to a second signal is not adjusted, where the second signal includes at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble or includes at least one specific part in any of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble, and the third signal includes other signals in the first signal except the second signal.

[0046] In an implementation of the present disclosure, a same transmission power for each chip with high voltage level is increased; a transmission power of chips corresponding to information bits is increased, and a transmission power of chips corresponding to the pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble is not increased; a transmission power of chips corresponding to control information is increased, and a transmission power of corresponding information bits is not increased.

[0047] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the first signal includes at least one of: a Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH), a Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH), a pre-amble, a mid-amble, a post-amble, and a CP corresponding to at least one of the PRDCH, the PDRCH, the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble.

[0048] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the first signal includes at least one of: a signal corresponding to a Reader to Device (R2D) transmission, a signal corresponding to a Device to Reader (D2R) transmission, and a Carrier Wave (CW).

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system including: a transceiver; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to perform the aforementioned methods.

[0050] According to one embodiment, transmission power can be more accurately determined, thereby improving transmission reliability and power efficiency.

[0051] In order to illustrate the technical schemes of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clearly, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Apparently, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present disclosure, and do not limit the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0052] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example wireless network according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIGs. 2a and 2b illustrate example wireless transmission and reception paths according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG. 3a illustrates an example user equipment (UE) according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG. 3b illustrates an example gNB according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of inserting a CP according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a first UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a second UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of a UE in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0060] The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.

[0061] The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0062] It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "a component surface" includes reference to one or more of such surfaces.

[0063] The term "include" or "may include" refers to the existence of a corresponding disclosed function, operation or component which can be used in various embodiments of the present disclosure and does not limit one or more additional functions, operations, or components. The terms such as "include" and / or "have" may be construed to denote a certain characteristic, number, step, operation, constituent element, component or a combination thereof, but may not be construed to exclude the existence of or a possibility of addition of one or more other characteristics, numbers, steps, operations, constituent elements, components or combinations thereof.

[0064] The term "or" used in various embodiments of the present disclosure includes any or all of combinations of listed words. For example, the expression "A or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0065] Unless defined differently, all terms used herein, which include technical terminologies or scientific terminologies, have the same meaning as that understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. Such terms as those defined in a generally used dictionary are to be interpreted to have the meanings equal to the contextual meanings in the relevant field of art, and are not to be interpreted to have ideal or excessively formal meanings unless clearly defined in the present disclosure.

[0066] The various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems, such as: global system for mobile communications (GSM) system, code division multiple access (CDMA) system, broadband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, general packet radio service (GPRS), long term evolution (LTE) system Frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, time division duplex (TDD) systems, universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS), global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems, fifth generation (5G) systems or new wireless (NR) systems, etc. In addition, the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to future oriented communication technologies.

[0067] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0068] The wireless network 100 includes a gNodeB (gNB) 101, a gNB 102, and a gNB 103. gNB 101 communicates with gNB 102 and gNB 103. gNB 101 also communicates with at least one Internet Protocol (IP) network 130, such as the Internet, a private IP network, or other data networks.

[0069] Depending on a type of the network, other well-known terms such as "base station" or "access point" can be used instead of "gNodeB" or "gNB". For convenience, the terms "gNodeB" and "gNB" are used in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access for remote terminals. And, depending on the type of the network, other well-known terms such as "mobile station", "user station", "remote terminal", "wireless terminal" or "user apparatus" can be used instead of "user equipment" or "UE". For convenience, the terms "user equipment" and "UE" are used in this patent document to refer to remote wireless devices that wirelessly access the gNB, no matter whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile phone or a smart phone) or a fixed device (such as a desktop computer or a vending machine).

[0070] gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a first plurality of User Equipments (UEs) within a coverage area 120 of gNB 102. The first plurality of UEs include a UE 111, which may be located in a Small Business (SB); a UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise (E); a UE 113, which may be located in a WiFi Hotspot (HS); a UE 114, which may be located in a first residence (R); a UE 115, which may be located in a second residence (R); a UE 116, which may be a mobile device (M), such as a cellular phone, a wireless laptop computer, a wireless PDA, etc. GNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of gNB 103. The second plurality of UEs include a UE 115 and a UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of gNBs 101-103 can communicate with each other and with UEs 111-116 using 5G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A, WiMAX or other advanced wireless communication technologies.

[0071] The dashed lines show approximate ranges of the coverage areas 120 and 125, and the ranges are shown as approximate circles merely for illustration and explanation purposes. It should be clearly understood that the coverage areas associated with the gNBs, such as the coverage areas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending on configurations of the gNBs and changes in the radio environment associated with natural obstacles and man-made obstacles.

[0072] As will be described in more detail below, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103 include a 2D antenna array as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103 support codebook designs and structures for systems with 2D antenna arrays.

[0073] Although FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the wireless network 100, various changes can be made to FIG. 1. The wireless network 100 can include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement, for example. Furthermore, gNB 101 can directly communicate with any number of UEs and provide wireless broadband access to the network 130 for those UEs. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 can directly communicate with the network 130 and provide direct wireless broadband access to the network 130 for the UEs. In addition, gNB 101, 102 and / or 103 can provide access to other or additional external networks, such as external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

[0074] FIGs. 2a and 2b illustrate example wireless transmission and reception paths according to the present disclosure. In the following description, the transmission path 200 can be described as being implemented in a gNB, such as gNB 102, and the reception path 250 can be described as being implemented in a UE, such as UE 116. However, it should be understood that the reception path 250 can be implemented in a gNB and the transmission path 200 can be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, the reception path 250 is configured to support codebook designs and structures for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0075] The transmission path 200 includes a channel coding and modulation block 205, a Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 210, a size N Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block 215, a Parallel-to-Serial (P-to-S) block 220, a cyclic prefix addition block 225, and an up-converter (UC) 230. The reception path 250 includes a down-converter (DC) 255, a cyclic prefix removal block 260, a Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 265, a size N Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) block 270, a Parallel-to-Serial (P-to-S) block 275, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 280.

[0076] In the transmission path 200, the channel coding and modulation block 205 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as using Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulated symbols. The Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 210 converts (such as demultiplexes) serial modulated symbols into parallel data to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is a size of the IFFT / FFT used in gNB 102 and UE 116. The size N IFFT block 215 performs IFFT operations on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. The Parallel-to-Serial block 220 converts (such as multiplexes) parallel time-domain output symbols from the Size N IFFT block 215 to generate a serial time-domain signal. The cyclic prefix addition block 225 inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. The up-converter 230 modulates (such as up-converts) the output of the cyclic prefix addition block 225 to an RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal can also be filtered at a baseband before switching to the RF frequency.

[0077] The RF signal transmitted from gNB 102 arrives at UE 116 after passing through the wireless channel, and operations in reverse to those at gNB 102 are performed at UE 116. The down-converter 255 down-converts the received signal to a baseband frequency, and the cyclic prefix removal block 260 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. The Serial-to-Parallel block 265 converts the time-domain baseband signal into a parallel time-domain signal. The Size N FFT block 270 performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. The Parallel-to-Serial block 275 converts the parallel frequency-domain signal into a sequence of modulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 280 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0078] Each of gNBs 101-103 may implement a transmission path 200 similar to that for transmitting to UEs 111-116 in the downlink, and may implement a reception path 250 similar to that for receiving from UEs 111-116 in the uplink. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 may implement a transmission path 200 for transmitting to gNBs 101-103 in the uplink, and may implement a reception path 250 for receiving from gNBs 101-103 in the downlink.

[0079] Each of the components in FIGs. 2a and 2b can be implemented using only hardware, or using a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As a specific example, at least some of the components in FIGs. 2a and 2b may be implemented in software, while other components may be implemented in configurable hardware or a combination of software and configurable hardware. For example, the FFT block 270 and IFFT block 215 may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, in which the value of the size N may be modified according to the implementation.

[0080] Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is only illustrative and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Other types of transforms can be used, such as Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions. It should be understood that for DFT and IDFT functions, the value of variable N may be any integer (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of variable N may be any integer which is a power of 2 (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).

[0081] Although FIGs. 2a and 2b illustrate examples of wireless transmission and reception paths, various changes may be made to FIGs. 2a and 2b. For example, various components in FIGs. 2a and 2b can be combined, further subdivided or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific requirements. Furthermore, FIGs. 2a and 2b are intended to illustrate examples of types of transmission and reception paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecture can be used to support wireless communication in a wireless network.

[0082] FIG. 3a illustrates an example UE 116 according to the present disclosure. The embodiment of UE 116 shown in FIG. 3a is for illustration only, and UEs 111-115 of FIG. 1 can have the same or similar configuration. However, a UE has various configurations, and FIG. 3a does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific implementation of the UE.

[0083] UE 116 includes an antenna 301, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 302, a transmission (TX) processing circuit 303, a microphone 304, and a reception (RX) processing circuit 305. UE 116 also includes a speaker 306, a controller / processor 307, an input / output (I / O) interface 308, an input device(s) 309, a display 310, and a memory 311. The memory 311 includes an operating system (OS) 312 and one or more applications 313.

[0084] The RF transceiver 302 receives an incoming RF signal transmitted by a gNB of the wireless network 100 from the antenna 301. The RF transceiver 302 down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuit 305, where the RX processing circuit 305 generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. The RX processing circuit 305 transmits the processed baseband signal to speaker 306 (such as for voice data) or to controller / processor 307 for further processing (such as for web browsing data).

[0085] The TX processing circuit 303 receives analog or digital voice data from microphone 304 or other outgoing baseband data (such as network data, email or interactive video game data) from controller / processor 307. The TX processing circuit 303 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceiver 302 receives the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuit 303 and up-converts the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via the antenna 301.

[0086] The controller / processor 307 can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute an OS 312 stored in the memory 311 in order to control the overall operation of UE 116. For example, the controller / processor 307 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of backward channel signals through the RF transceiver 302, the RX processing circuit 305 and the TX processing circuit 303 according to well-known principles. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 307 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0087] The controller / processor 307 is also capable of executing other processes and programs residing in the memory 311, such as operations for channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. The controller / processor 307 can move data into or out of the memory 311 as required by an execution process. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 307 is configured to execute the application 313 based on the OS 312 or in response to signals received from the gNB or the operator. The controller / processor 307 is also coupled to an I / O interface 308, where the I / O interface 308 provides UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers and handheld computers. I / O interface 308 is a communication path between these accessories and the controller / processor 307.

[0088] The controller / processor 307 is also coupled to the input device(s) 309 and the display 310. An operator of UE 116 can input data into UE 116 using the input device(s) 309. The display 310 may be a liquid crystal display or other display capable of presenting text and / or at least limited graphics (such as from a website). The memory 311 is coupled to the controller / processor 307. A part of the memory 311 can include a random access memory (RAM), while another part of the memory 311 can include a flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0089] Although FIG. 3a illustrates an example of UE 116, various changes can be made to FIG. 3a. For example, various components in FIG. 3a can be combined, further subdivided or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific requirements. As a specific example, the controller / processor 307 can be divided into a plurality of processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). Furthermore, although FIG. 3a illustrates that the UE 116 is configured as a mobile phone or a smart phone, UEs can be configured to operate as other types of mobile or fixed devices.

[0090] FIG. 3b illustrates an example gNB 102 according to the present disclosure. The embodiment of gNB 102 shown in FIG. 3b is for illustration only, and other gNBs of FIG. 1 can have the same or similar configuration. However, a gNB has various configurations, and FIG. 3b does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific implementation of a gNB. It should be noted that gNB 101 and gNB 103 can include the same or similar structures as gNB 102.

[0091] As shown in FIG. 3b, gNB 102 includes a plurality of antennas 370a-370n, a plurality of RF transceivers 372a-372n, a transmission (TX) processing circuit 374, and a reception (RX) processing circuit 376. In certain embodiments, one or more of the plurality of antennas 370a-370n include a 2D antenna array. gNB 102 also includes a controller / processor 378, a memory 380, and a backhaul or network interface 382.

[0092] RF transceivers 372a-372n receive an incoming RF signal from antennas 370a-370n, such as a signal transmitted by UEs or other gNBs. RF transceivers 372a-372n down-convert the incoming RF signal to generate an IF or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuit 376, where the RX processing circuit 376 generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. RX processing circuit 376 transmits the processed baseband signal to controller / processor 378 for further processing.

[0093] The TX processing circuit 374 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, network data, email or interactive video game data) from the controller / processor 378. TX processing circuit 374 encodes, multiplexes and / or digitizes outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. RF transceivers 372a-372n receive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from TX processing circuit 374 and up-convert the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via antennas 370a-370n.

[0094] The controller / processor 378 can include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 378 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of backward channel signals through the RF transceivers 372a-372n, the RX processing circuit 376 and the TX processing circuit 374 according to well-known principles. The controller / processor 378 can also support additional functions, such as higher-level wireless communication functions. For example, the controller / processor 378 can perform a Blind Interference Sensing (BIS) process such as that performed through a BIS algorithm, and decode a received signal from which an interference signal is subtracted. A controller / processor 378 may support any of a variety of other functions in gNB 102. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 378 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0095] The controller / processor 378 is also capable of executing programs and other processes residing in the memory 380, such as a basic OS. The controller / processor 378 can also support channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 378 supports communication between entities such as web RTCs. The controller / processor 378 can move data into or out of the memory 380 as required by an execution process.

[0096] The controller / processor 378 is also coupled to the backhaul or network interface 382. The backhaul or network interface 382 allows gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems through a backhaul connection or through a network. The backhaul or network interface 382 can support communication over any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when gNB 102 is implemented as a part of a cellular communication system, such as a cellular communication system supporting 5G or new radio access technology or NR, LTE or LTE-A, the backhaul or network interface 382 can allow gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs through wired or wireless backhaul connections. When gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the backhaul or network interface 382 can allow gNB 102 to communicate with a larger network, such as the Internet, through a wired or wireless local area network or through a wired or wireless connection. The backhaul or network interface 382 includes any suitable structure that supports communication through a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or an RF transceiver.

[0097] The memory 380 is coupled to the controller / processor 378. A part of the memory 380 can include an RAM, while another part of the memory 380 can include a flash memory or other ROMs. In certain embodiments, a plurality of instructions, such as the BIS algorithm, are stored in the memory. The plurality of instructions are configured to cause the controller / processor 378 to execute the BIS process and decode the received signal after subtracting at least one interference signal determined by the BIS algorithm.

[0098] As will be described in more detail below, the transmission and reception paths of gNB 102 (implemented using RF transceivers 372a-372n, TX processing circuit 374 and / or RX processing circuit 376) support aggregated communication with FDD cells and TDD cells.

[0099] Although FIG. 3b illustrates an example of gNB 102, various changes may be made to FIG. 3b. For example, gNB 102 can include any number of each component shown in FIG. 3a. As a specific example, the access point can include many backhaul or network interfaces 382, and the controller / processor 378 can support routing functions to route data between different network addresses. As another specific example, although shown as including a single instance of the TX processing circuit 374 and a single instance of the RX processing circuit 376, gNB 102 can include multiple instances of each (such as one for each RF transceiver).

[0100] In order to make the purpose, technical schemes and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementations of the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0101] The text and drawings are provided as examples only to help readers understand the present disclosure. They are not intended and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Although certain embodiments and examples have been provided, based on the content disclosed herein, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications to the illustrated embodiments and examples can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0102] The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, and support for large-scale connections. It is usually used in application scenarios such as smart factories, smart health care, and urban management that have a large number of devices and emphasize cost control, to achieve the communication effect of connecting everything. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a kind of IoT technology that has been put into commercial applications. Compared with cell communication technology, NB-IoT has the characteristics of low-rate, low-cost, wide coverage and large capacity. It can be used as an effective complement for cell communication with a medium and high rate to as the main design objective. However, it is necessary to enhance the signal generation and / or transmission of NB-IoT.

[0103] For example, if the overall design of NB-IoT is still based on the framework of cell communication, and follows the basic design concepts of cell communication in terms of device structure, signal design, etc., its cost cannot compete with simple-structured technologies such as RFID; and its power consumption is usually supported by the device's own battery, which has a limited service life in long-term communication scenarios. Therefore, there is a need to design an IoT technology that can effectively reduce maintenance costs, with lower cost, less power consumption, and can be charged by signals in the environment; this makes up for the shortcomings of NB-IoT technology.

[0104] The present specification provides a technical design related to an IoT device that may be charged based on external signals. Such IoT devices can receive downlink signals and transmit uplink signals on the basis of charging based on their own batteries or external signals. The method by which the device receives downlink signals and transmits uplink signals is different from traditional wireless communication methods. Downlink reception is mainly based on envelope detection, and uplink transmission can be based on uplink signals generated by the device itself, and can also be based on backscattering. Backscattering technology means that the device modulates based on a carrier wave (CW) existing in the environment or transmitted from other nodes, modulates its own information on the CW transmitted from other nodes, and reflects the modulated CW, thereby completing the transmitting of uplink signals. A transmitting device that transmits signals based on backscattering may not itself generate a carrier wave carrying information, without radio frequency circuits such as amplifiers and mixers of traditional communication devices, thereby significantly reducing the cost of the device and the requirement for power or batteries. In the present application, since the transmission and charging of such IoT devices are implemented mainly depending on ambient signal, such IoT devices are called Ambient IoT (AIoT) devices. This naming is mainly for simplicity of description and is not used to limit the scope of the devices (for example, the Ambient IoT devices may include devices that perform uplink transmission based on backscattering, and may also include devices that perform uplink transmission based on uplink signals generated by the devices themselves).

[0105] In the AIoT system, signals / channels such as data and services can be directly transmitted between the base station and the AIoT node (such as tag device); it can also be transmitted via an intermediate node. For example, the base station transmits information related to the AIoT system to the intermediate node, and the intermediate node transmits data to the AIoT node; and the AIoT node transmits data to the intermediate node, and the intermediate node then transmits information related to the AIoT system to the base station.

[0106] In the present specification, for services in the AIoT system, the transmission transmitted by the base station or intermediate node to the AIoT node is called R2D (Reader to Device) transmission, and the transmission transmitted by the AIoT node to the base station or intermediate node is called D2R (Device to Reader) transmission. In addition, the transmission related to the AIoT system transmitted by the base station to the intermediate node may also be called downlink transmission or R2D transmission, and the transmission related to the AIoT system transmitted by the intermediate node to the base station may also be called uplink transmission or D2R transmission. Unless otherwise specified in the present specification, R2D / D2R transmission corresponds to the relationship between transceiving nodes, and is not used to limit what type of resources (e.g., FDD uplink / downlink frequency bands, TDD uplink / downlink slots in an NR system) the transmission occurs on. For example, D2R transmission in the AIoT system may also be transmitted and received on the downlink frequency band in the FDD system, and R2D transmission in the AIoT system may also be transmitted and received on the uplink slot in the TDD system.

[0107] The base station in the present specification may also be replaced by other devices, such as communication devices, relay nodes, IAB nodes, repeater nodes, sidelink nodes as external accessories of the base station. Any mechanism applicable to the base station in the present specification can also be similarly used in the scenario where the base station is replaced by other nodes, and the description will not be repeated. The difference between the communication device of the external accessory of the base station and the base station may include: the device may transmit DL signals / channels on the UL frequency band in the FDD system and on the UL time unit in the TDD system, including transmitting DL signals / channels corresponding to communication between the base station and the UE and DL signals / channels corresponding to communication between the base station and the AIoT device.

[0108] The intermediate node in the present specification may be at least one of a relay node, an IAB node, a repeater node, a sidelink node.

[0109] In the embodiments of the present application, below a threshold can also be replaced by below or equal to the threshold, above (exceeding) the threshold can also be replaced by above or equal to the threshold, less than or equal to can also be replaced by less than, greater than or equal to can also be replaced by greater than; and vice versa.

[0110] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, configuration information includes at least one of information configured by the base station, indicated in the received signaling, configured by the higher layer and preconfigured. Further, it can be a set of configuration information obtained by the above methods; it can also be multiple sets of configuration information obtained by the above method, and the UE or node can select a set of configuration information to use according to predefined conditions; it can also be a set of configuration information obtained by the above method, and the set of configuration information includes multiple subsets, and the UE or node can select a subset to use according to predefined conditions.

[0111] In the embodiments of the present application, AIoT devices (such as tags, etc.) are simply called devices, and base stations or intermediate nodes that communicate with AIoT devices are collectively called readers. In the embodiments of the present application, the UE, unless otherwise limited, includes a device-type UE and / or a reader-type UE.

[0112] In the embodiments of the present application, charging the AIoT device includes charging by at least one of RF energy harvesting, non-RF energy harvesting, other charging methods (such as wired power supply), etc.

[0113] In the embodiments of the present application, the UE capabilities, unless otherwise limited, include the UE capabilities of device-type UEs and / or the UE capabilities of reader-type UEs.

[0114] In the embodiments of the present application, the transmission, unless otherwise limited, includes transmitting and receiving, including a Device to Reader (D2R) transmission and a Reader to Device (R2D) transmission.

[0115] In the embodiments of the present application, a slot, unless otherwise specified, can also be replaced by an OFDM symbol, a physical duration (e.g., ms), or other time units. For example, a number or indexes of slots can also be replaced by a number or indexes of time units.

[0116] In the embodiments of the present application, AIoT communication includes at least two types of communication processes: inventory and command.

[0117] In the embodiments of the present application, for convenience of description, the signaling in the inventory process is named in a simplified manner, but when the naming is inconsistent with the naming of the actual signaling, it can still be applied to the method in the embodiments of the present application without affecting the protection scope. In the inventory process, the reader may transmit a paging message to the device, and / or at least one trigger signaling that triggers the inventory process; multiple triggering signaling that triggers the inventory process can be used to trigger multiple rounds (which can also be cycles or other descriptions corresponding to multiple circulations) of the inventory process separately; the paging message and / or trigger signaling is referred to as Msg0 in the embodiments of the present application. After receiving Msg0, the device can transmit signaling in response to Msg0, and the signaling may carry information related to the device's ID (e.g., an N-bit random ID) and / or information related to the device's capabilities or configuration (for example, capabilities related to charging, information related to physical layer modulation methods / line encoding methods, etc.); the signaling in response to Msg0 is referred to as Msg1 in the embodiments of the present application. After receiving Msg1, the reader may transmit signaling to the device in response to Msg1. The signaling may carry information related to whether Msg1 is successfully received and / or whether the device transmitting Msg1 can be accessed to the system; the signaling in response to Msg1 is referred to as Msg2 in the embodiments of the present application. After receiving Msg2, the device may transmit signaling in response to Msg2, which may carry information related to the device's ID (such as content related to ID such as a device's EPC), and / or data or other information that the device needs to report to the reader; the signaling in response to Msg2 is referred to as Msg3 in the embodiments of the present application. After receiving the Msg3, the reader may transmit signaling to the device in response to the Msg3, which may carry information related to further configuration of the device and / or information confirming reception of Msg3 and / or further commands or data transmitted to the device; the signaling in response to Msg3 is referred to as Msg4 in the embodiments of the present application.

[0118] For multiple rounds in the inventory process, the round corresponds to one trigger signaling and at least one of Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, and Msg4 corresponding to the trigger signaling; one inventory process may include multiple rounds, and each round may be used by the device to perform the inventory. In an exemplary embodiment, the inventory process includes in sequence:

[0119] the reader transmitting to the device a paging message to indicate information related to the device that needs to participate in the inventory process (such as the device's ID, etc.), and / or transmitting to the device one trigger signaling for triggering the inventory process to indicate information related to inventory (for example, to indicate a Q value, where a number of rounds included in the inventory process is determined based on Q, e.g., 2Q-1), the paging message and / or trigger signaling is referred to as Msg0-A, corresponding to the first round of inventory;

[0120] the device determining the inventory round corresponding to the device itself based on Msg0-A (for example, determining that the round is a random number in the range of 1 to 2Q-1), and transmitting Msg1-A to the reader if the inventory is determined to be performed in the first round;

[0121] the reader continuing to interact with the device with signaling such as Msg2-A, Msg3-A, Msg4-A, etc., if it receives Msg1-A in the first round; after the interaction ends, the first round ends;

[0122] the reader transmitting to the device one trigger signaling for triggering the inventory process, which is referred to as Msg0-B, corresponding to the second round of inventory;

[0123] the device transmitting Msg1-B to the reader if it determines to perform inventory in the second round;

[0124] the reader continuing to interact with the device with signaling such as Msg2-B, Msg3-B, Msg4-B, etc., if it receives Msg1-B in the second round; after the interaction ends, the second round ends;

[0125] and so on until the several rounds included in the inventory is completed. The inventory process ends.

[0126] This process is an exemplary embodiment of an inventory process and may be used to help illustrate the concept of rounds in inventory. The inventory process in an actual communication system may include other enhancements based on the example, for example, adjusting the inventory round according to the status of the interaction, adding command signaling interactions to the inventory process, etc.

[0127] In the embodiments of the present application, in AIoT communication, additional specific signals may also be included before, during, and after the AIoT signal / channel transmission, and the specific signals may be called pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble according to their location and / or usage. The pre-amble may include a Start Indication Part (SIP) for indicating the start of the AIoT signal / channel and / or a Clock Acquire Part (CAP) for indicating AIoT synchronization or timing related information. The mid-amble may include a CAP for indicating AIoT synchronization or timing related information. The post-amble may include an End Indication Part (EIP) for indicating the end of the AIoT signal / channel and / or a CAP for indicating AIoT synchronization or timing related information. The above names, such as SIP, CAP, EIP, etc., are mainly used to simplify the subsequent description, rather than limiting the scope of protection based on whether the names are consistent.

[0128] The AIoT communication system may be deployed to operate in a frequency band adjacent or close to the 5G NR communication system. When the AIoT UE and the UE in the NR system are not physically isolated (for example, there is no wall obstruction), the two types of communication systems will cause interference with each other. Multiple AIoT UEs (for example, multiple readers) may also be deployed to operate in the same or close frequency bands, and the AIoT communications they conduct will also cause interference to each other. In this regard, a feasible method is to perform power control on the AIoT transmissions.

[0129] The AIoT signals transmitted by the reader to the device, also known as R2D (Reader to Device) signals, may be generated by modulating the OFDM-based signals in the NR system (such as On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation, Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation, Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) modulation, etc.) and / or by performing line encoding (such as Manchester encoding, Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE)). The AIoT signals transmitted by the device to the reader, also known as D2R (Device to Reader) signals, may be generated by modulating Carrier Waves (CW) or signals generated by the device itself (optional modulation methods are similar to those of R2D) and / or by performing line encoding (similar to R2D, line encoding may not be performed).

[0130] A common method of generating AIoT channels (for example, a Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH) and a Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH)) / signals is to map information bits into codewords through line encoding and modulate them into a wireless signal. A codeword may include multiple chips, and a chip corresponds to different waveforms or states of the wireless signal in different modulation modes. For example, when the line encoding is Manchester code, a codeword corresponding to an information bit '0' is

[0010] , and the codeword includes two chips; a codeword corresponding to an information bit '1' is

[0001] , and the codeword includes two chips. When the modulation mode is OOK, codeword 0 corresponds to low voltage level, and codeword 1 corresponds to high voltage level; when the modulation mode is BPSK, codeword 0 corresponds to a negative phase (so it may also be called '-1'), and codeword 1 corresponds to a positive phase. In addition, it is also possible to directly map the information bits into codewords / chips without being based on line encoding. For example, the codeword corresponding to the information bit '0' is [0], that is, it corresponds to one chip. When the modulation mode is OOK, the chip is low voltage level; similarly, the information bit '1' corresponds to one (in the OOK modulation mode) chip with high voltage level. The information bits may be information bits generated after FEC and / or CRC attachment.

[0131] To enable the device or reader to correctly identify the start and / or end of an AIoT transmission and / or correctly acquire timing-related information, AIoT channels are often transmitted together with at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble. As attached (X-amble) signals independent of the AIoT channels, the pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble are usually one or more fixed sequences, which are generated through modulation and / or line encoding. The methods of modulating and / or line encoding them are similar to those of modulating and / or line encoding AIoT signals.

[0132] In addition, the R2D transmission uses the OFDM-based signal to generate the AIoT signal, which allows the coexistence between the AIoT signal and the NR signal to also benefit from the orthogonality of the OFDM signal in the NR system. The interference can be much lower than that in the case where other AIoT signals are not generated based on the OFDM signal. To mitigate the coexistence interference, corresponding to the method of inserting a CP in the generation method of OFDM signals in the NR system, similar respective steps also need to be included in AIoT signal generation, which are necessary components for maintaining orthogonality between OFDM-based signals. The steps may include copying and inserting a signal waveform on a specific duration corresponding to an OFDM symbol before a start position of the OFDM symbol. FIG. 4 is an example in which a CP is inserted. The CP may not be inserted for the D2R transmission.

[0133] Therefore, the power control in the AIoT system includes power control for at least one of the AIoT channels (e.g., PRDCH and PDRCH) / signals, pre-ambles, mid-ambles, post-amblees, and the inserted CP. The power control in the AIoT system includes power control for at least one of R2D, D2R, and CW. The power control in the AIoT system may be performed by any of the reader, the device, and the node transmitting the CW.

[0134] The power control method in NR includes determining the transmission power based on the configuration information related to power control (e.g., alpha, p0, etc.) and / or the path loss (e.g., uplink / downlink path loss). If the power control method in NR is reused in the AIoT system, the calculated transmission power can be used as the transmission power corresponding to one chip in the AIoT signal (for convenience of description, referred to as Method 1), or as the transmission power corresponding to the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol (for convenience of description, referred to as Method 2), but both methods have certain problems.

[0135] For Method 1: in the OOK modulation mode, the transmission power of the chip corresponding to low voltage level may be approximately treated as 0, and the transmission power of the chip corresponding to high voltage level may be approximately considered as the calculated transmission power. Since one OFDM symbol includes several chips whose values change dynamically according to the information bits, it may also include several chips corresponding to the CP inserted based on the information bits and / or preset criteria. For some line encodings (e.g., PIE), the codewords corresponding to information bits 0 and 1 are different, and the proportions of chips with high voltage level are also different. For other line encodings (e.g., Manchester), the codewords corresponding to information bits 0 and 1 are different, but the proportions of chips with high voltage level in different codewords are the same. However, if a CP is inserted, the values of one or more chips corresponding to the CP part may change dynamically. Therefore, the number of chips with high voltage level included in the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol may change dynamically, resulting in different OFDM symbols corresponding to different transmission powers. Denoting the power of the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol as P, the number of chips with high voltage level included in the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol as N, and the transmission power corresponding to each chip as p, the method is equivalent to determining the value of p based on power control, where P = p * N. Since the value of N may change dynamically, the value of P also changes dynamically. In the NR system, the possible beneficial effects of power control include maintaining the transmission power of the base station or UE to be constant on each OFDM symbol, so that the interference caused by NR transmission to the neighbors remains stable, without affecting the neighbor base stations or UEs in adjusting the receiving power range or suddenly being affected by high interference. Therefore, Method 1 cannot achieve the beneficial effects of power control in NR.

[0136] For Method 2: denoting the power of the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol as P, the number of chips with high voltage level included in the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol as N, and the transmission power corresponding to each chip as p, the method is equivalent to determining the value of P based on power control, and the transmission power p corresponding to each chip is p = P / N. Since the value of N changes dynamically (the reason is described in Method 1), the value of p also changes dynamically. For the receiving UE of AIoT transmission, the common method of receiving the OOK-modulated AIoT signal is to determine the decision threshold for deciding the signal as chip 0 and chip 1 according to the signal strength corresponding to the envelope of the received signal. For example, when the envelope range is 0.1dB to 0.9dB, the decision threshold for deciding the signal as chip 0 and chip 1 is determined to be 0.5dB. The maximum signal strength corresponding to the signal envelope is determined based on the value of p and the channel state (e.g., path loss, fading, etc.). Therefore, after the receiving UE determines the decision threshold for the received signal, if the value of p changes, for example, from p = 1 to p = 0.5 in the above example, the envelope of the received signal may change to 0.1dB to 0.45dB. At this time, the chip 1 generated by the transmitting end may also be incorrectly determined as chip 0 by the receiving UE. As the receiving UE, the information bits are unknown before reception and decoding. Therefore, the UE cannot predict the value of N corresponding to each OFDM symbol in advance, and thus cannot predict the value of p in advance. The above example shows that determining the value of P based on power control in Method 2 will cause the value of p to change dynamically, thereby affecting the accuracy of the receiving UE in decoding the AIoT signal.

[0137] Therefore, the power control method in NR cannot be directly reused in the AIoT system; otherwise, it will cause performance issues in the AIoT system. AIoT transmission needs to use a new power control method, which should be able to handle the impacts brought by modulation and / or line encoding in the AIoT system. In addition, after the method of inserting CP is introduced in AIoT signal generation, the waveform of the part corresponding to the CP is also a part of the signal waveform and will affect the effect of power control. Therefore, the power control of AIoT transmission also needs to be able to handle the impact brought by CP insertion.

[0138] The present invention provides a method for power control of AIoT signals (for simplicity of description, collectively referred to as AIoT signals, which may specifically include signals / channels, pre-ambles, mid-ambles, post-amblees, etc.) by devices and / or readers (hereinafter collectively referred to as UEs) in a communication system based on low-cost and low-power IoT devices.

[0139] In the present invention, for convenience of description, in some exemplary embodiments, the following method is simply referred to as CP processing: for at least one signal corresponding to a first duration in an AIoT signal, copying and inserting, before a start position of a signal corresponding to the first duration, a signal of a second duration at an end of the signal corresponding to the first duration. The first duration may be a duration of one OFDM symbol; the second duration may be a duration corresponding to the CP in the NR system, including different durations corresponding to a long CP and a normal CP.

[0140] For convenience of description, in some exemplary embodiments, the above-mentioned signal copied and inserted before the start position of the signal corresponding to the first duration is referred to as a CP part in the AIoT signal (further, it may be a CP part of the signal corresponding to the first duration).

[0141] FIG. 5 illustrates a method performed by a first UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0142] Referring to FIG. 5, at step S501, the first UE may generate, based on information bits or based on information bits and line encoding, a first signal through modulation.

[0143] At step S502, the first UE may determine a transmission power of the first signal based on first information, where the first information includes a number of reference chips, and the number of the reference chips is based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding.

[0144] At step S503, the first UE may transmit the first signal based on the transmission power.

[0145] Optionally, the modulation includes OOK.

[0146] Optionally, the line encoding includes at least one of Manchester encoding, PIE, Miller encoding, and FM0 encoding.

[0147] Optionally, the first UE determines the transmission power of the first signal based on the modulation, or based on the modulation and the line encoding, and based on an acquired configuration related to power control. Herein, the configuration related to power control includes at least one of:

[0148] whether to use the maximum transmission power;

[0149] power levels used; further, multiple power levels may be preset / configured in the system, corresponding to multiple transmission powers from a given minimum transmission power to the maximum transmission power respectively. For an AIoT transmission, the first UE acquires at least one configured power level and correspondingly determines the power for the AIoT transmission;

[0150] parameters related to the maximum transmission power;

[0151] parameters related to path loss and / or an AIoT channel state;

[0152] whether power ramping is supported;

[0153] a value, a minimum value, or a maximum value of power ramping (for example, if the power before ramping is p and the power after one ramping is p + sigma, then the configuration corresponds to a value, a minimum value, or a maximum value of sigma);

[0154] parameters related to power control, such as alpha, p0, etc., the physical meanings of which are similar to those in NR.

[0155] a number M of chips corresponding to one OFDM symbol. Here, the value of M may be the number of chips including or excluding the CP part in one OFDM symbol (for example, one OFDM symbol includes a CP part corresponding to M0 chips and a non-CP part corresponding to M chips; or, one OFDM symbol includes a CP part corresponding to M0 chips and a non-CP part corresponding to M1 chips, and M0 + M1 = M).

[0156] a number of reference chips Mreffor determining the transmission power.

[0157] a modulation mode.

[0158] line encoding used; further, line encoded codewords used; for example, when the line encoding is PIE, the configuration related to power control includes the PIE codeword corresponding to information bit 0 (for example,

[0010] ) and the PIE codeword corresponding to information bit 1 (for example, [1 1 1 0]).

[0159] a method of inserting CP used; further, information related to a waveform of the inserted CP.

[0160] In some embodiments herein, the number of reference chips Mreffor determining the transmission power may also be replaced with a duration of the reference chips (which may be the total duration of a total of Mrefreference chips), the proportion of the number of the reference chips in the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol, and the proportion of the duration of the reference chips in the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol. The above parameters may be derived from each other through calculation. For example, when the duration of one reference chip is the same as the chip length of the line encoding or is configured / preset, the duration of the reference chips is the chip length of the line encoding multiplied by Mrefor a configured / preset duration of a reference chip multiplied by Mref. For another example, when the number of chips M included in the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol is configured or preset, the proportion of the number of reference chips in the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol is Mref / M (when the value of M includes the number of chips in the CP part of one OFDM symbol). For yet another example, according to the above method, the duration of the reference chips can be easily derived, and if the duration of one OFDM symbol is preset, the proportion of the duration of the reference chips in the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol can be simply calculated. Therefore, in any embodiment of this document, the method based on the number of reference chips Mreffor determining the transmission power can also be changed to a method using the above other parameters through simple mathematical calculations.

[0161] Optionally, the configuration related to power control can be acquired from the base station and / or the reader (optionally, when the first UE is a device, it can be acquired from the reader), and is acquired in at least one of the following signaling:

[0162] Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration; optionally, when the first UE is a reader, it is acquired from the RRC configuration of the base station; optionally, the configuration may be used for all AIoT transmissions transmitted by the first UE; or when the RRC configuration includes information related to the first device, the configuration may be used for all AIoT transmissions transmitted by the first UE to the first device, where the first device includes one or more devices.

[0163] paging signaling; optionally, when the first UE is a device, it is acquired from the paging signaling transmitted by the reader.

[0164] first signaling, such as Msg0; optionally, when the first UE is a device, it is acquired from Msg0 transmitted by the reader.

[0165] third signaling, such as Msg2; optionally, when the first UE is a device, it is acquired from Msg2 transmitted by the reader.

[0166] fifth signaling, such as Msg4; optionally, when the first UE is a device, it is acquired from Msg4 transmitted by the reader.

[0167] Other signaling (referring to signaling other than paging / Msg0 / 2 / 4) transmitted by the reader to the first UE.

[0168] Further, when any of the above signaling includes control information and data (which may also be referred to as payload, or higher layer information, or packets delivered by the higher layer), the configuration related to power control may be acquired from the control information and / or from the data. For example, the configuration related to power control may be acquired from the control information in the PRDCH.

[0169] Herein, the paging signaling may be signaling used to configure the physical layer and / or higher layer parameters for an AIoT transmission process when the AIoT initiates the transmission process. When an AIoT transmission process includes multiple rounds, the paging signaling may be transmitted before the first round or at the start of the first round. The meanings of Msg0, Msg1, 쪋, Msg4 have been explained in other embodiments in the foregoing descriptions. Herein, the transmission process includes at least one of inventory and command.

[0170] Optionally, the configuration related to power control may be used for power control of at least one of the following AIoT transmissions:

[0171] the configuration may be used for all AIoT transmissions transmitted by the first UE; alternatively, when the configuration includes information related to the first device, the configuration may be used for all AIoT transmissions transmitted by the first UE to the first device, where the first device includes one or more devices. Optionally, the method is used when the configuration related to power control is acquired through RRC configuration;

[0172] the configuration may be used for all AIoT transmissions transmitted by the first UE in the current transmission process (referring to the signaling where the configuration is acquired, the same applies hereinafter and will not be repeated for each case). Optionally, the method is used when the configuration related to power control is acquired through paging signaling. For example, if the first UE acquires the configuration in the paging information at the beginning of an inventory process, the configuration is used for power control when transmitting AIoT transmissions in this inventory process;

[0173] the configuration may be used for all AIoT transmissions transmitted by the first UE or the Msg1 transmissions transmitted by the first UE in the current round of the current transmission process. Optionally, the method is used when the configuration related to power control is acquired through Msg0. For example, if the first UE acquires the configuration in the Msg0 at the beginning of the x-th round of an inventory process, the configuration is used for power control when transmitting AIoT transmissions or transmitting Msg1 in the x-th round;

[0174] if the configuration is acquired through specific signaling, the configuration may be used for all AIoT transmissions transmitted by the first UE in response to this specific signaling. For example, if the specific signaling is Msg2, the AIoT transmissions in response to this specific signaling include Msg3, Msg5 (Msg5 responds to Msg4, and Msg4 responds to Msg3), and subsequent transmissions triggered by Msg4 (such as the transmission of corresponding commands). Another example is that if the specific signaling is Msg4, the AIoT transmissions in response to this specific signaling include Msg5 and subsequent transmissions triggered by Msg4 (such as the transmission of corresponding commands);

[0175] if the configuration is acquired through control information, the configuration may be used for the AIoT transmissions transmitted by the first UE corresponding to this control information. For example, if the configuration is acquired through the control information in Msg2, and the control information in Msg2 indicates the information related to the transmission of Msg3 (such as the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources of Msg3), then the configuration may be used for the transmission of Msg3.

[0176] Optionally, the method for the first UE to determine the transmission power of the first signal includes: determining the transmission power of the first signal based on the number of reference chips Mrefused for determining the transmission power. Here, Mrefis based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding.

[0177] Further, the value of Mrefmay be indicated in a configuration related to power control, and / or the value of Mrefis based on at least one of:

[0178] in the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol, in the signal not corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of the OOK modulation;

[0179] in the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol, (if CP insertion is performed) in the signal corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of the OOK modulation.

[0180] Optionally, the signal not corresponding to the CP may be associated with the signal corresponding to the CP. The association may include that the signal corresponding to the CP is generated based on the signal not corresponding to the CP (for example, generated by copying the end part of the signal not corresponding to the CP), and / or the signal corresponding to the CP and the signal not corresponding to the CP are in the same OFDM symbol.

[0181] Further, in the signal not corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of the OOK modulation is based on at least one of:

[0182] the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to information bits or corresponding to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble;

[0183] whether the signal not corresponding to the CP is transmitted in the first or the N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the first signal; further, whether it is transmitted in the first or the N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the part of the first signal corresponding to the information bits. The technical reason for the method is that some line encodings, in order to process the CP, will adjust the waveform of the first or the N-th (e.g., the odd-numbered) OFDM symbol during transmission, so that the waveform on a specific OFDM symbol is different from that on other OFDM symbols; and / or, the method of adjusting the waveform on the N-th (e.g., the odd-numbered) and the N1-th (e.g., the even-numbered) OFDM symbols is different, or the adjusted effect is different. Taking Manchester encoding as an example, one adjustment method is to add an odd number of fillings at the end of the odd-numbered OFDM symbols, or add an odd number of fillings at the end of each OFDM symbol, or add an odd number of fillings at the start / end of the first OFDM symbol, or adjust the number of chips included in the first or the qualified OFDM symbol (optionally, being qualified includes: the first chip in the OFDM symbol corresponds to the first chip in the codeword of the line encoding, and / or, the last chip in the OFDM symbol corresponds to the last chip in the codeword of the line encoding; optionally, the adjustment of the number of chips is achieved by adjusting the length of each chip, so that the total length of the chips after the number adjustment conforms to the length of the OFDM symbol), or adjust the start position of the chips corresponding to the information bits in each / at least one OFDM symbol. Its technical effect can be that the voltage transition edge in the center of the codeword, which is used to distinguish the information bits 0 and 1 in Manchester encoding, does not occur at the start of the OFDM symbol (it can be the start of the part excluding the CP) in the odd-numbered OFDM symbols, and occurs at the start of the OFDM symbol in the even-numbered OFDM symbols; or, the edge of each OFDM symbol corresponds to the voltage transition edge in the center of the codeword, which is used to distinguish the information bits 0 and 1 in Manchester encoding; or, by adjusting the start position of the codeword, the CP part and the signal before the start position of the adjusted codeword are regarded as the same chip, and the length of this chip is the same as that of the chip in Manchester encoding (where the adjustment amplitude on different OFDM symbols may be different. Therefore, when the signal not corresponding to the CP is transmitted in the N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the first signal, the value of N will affect the generation of the signal not corresponding to the CP), so as not to affect the waveform of the codeword in Manchester encoding or the interval between the transition edges;

[0184] whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to the configured / preset waveform, and / or, the pattern of the configured / preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP;

[0185] whether the signal not corresponding to the CP uses line encoding, and / or, the codeword of the used line encoding;

[0186] a number M of corresponding chips in one OFDM symbol.

[0187] Further, in the signal corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of the OOK modulation is based on at least one of:

[0188] any of the factors on which the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of the OOK modulation, in the signal not corresponding to the CP is based; this is because the CP may be generated by copying the end part of the signal not corresponding to the CP, so all factors that affect the chips in the signal not corresponding to the CP may also correspondingly affect the chips in the CP;

[0189] a duration corresponding to CP, and / or the number of chips corresponding to CP;

[0190] a method of CP insertion;

[0191] whether the signal copied by CP includes the configured / preset waveform, and / or, the pattern of the configured / preset waveform included in the signal copied by CP.

[0192] Optionally, for the configured / preset waveform included in the signal copied by CP, the configured / preset waveform may be a preset waveform corresponding to a pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble, or may be configured / preset parity bits or parity chips. Correspondingly, the pattern of the configured / preset waveform included in the signal copied by CP may be the number and / or position of the parity bits or parity chips.

[0193] Optionally, the signal not corresponding to CP and / or the signal corresponding to CP corresponds to information bits. The signal not corresponding to CP uses line encoding, and the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation is based on the codewords of the line encoding.

[0194] Optionally, the signal not corresponding to CP and / or the signal corresponding to CP corresponds to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble. The maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation is based on whether the signal not corresponding to CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform and / or the pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to CP.

[0195] In a specific example, the signal not corresponding to CP corresponding to information bits includes: the part not corresponding to CP in a signal generated based on the information bits and through modulation, or based on the information bits and through modulation and line encoding.

[0196] In another specific example, the signal corresponding to CP corresponding to information bits includes: the part corresponding to CP in a signal generated based on the information bits and through modulation, or based on the information bits and through modulation and line encoding.

[0197] In another specific example, the signal not corresponding to CP corresponding to at least one of the pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble includes: the part not corresponding to CP in a signal of at least one of the pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble.

[0198] In another specific example, the signal corresponding to CP corresponding to at least one of the pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble includes: the part corresponding to CP in a signal of at least one of the pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble.

[0199] In an AIoT signal corresponding to an OFDM symbol, in the signal not corresponding to CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation can be determined based on the construction of the codewords of line encoding. For example, in line encoding, information bits 0 and 1 correspond to two different types of codewords respectively. The chips corresponding to high voltage level in these two types of codewords may have the same or different proportions. Then, the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation may be determined according to the same or different proportions. For example, when the proportions are the same, the number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation is the total number of chips in the signal not corresponding to CP multiplied by this proportion. For another example, when the proportions are different, the maximum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation usually occurs when the information bits mapped in the signal not corresponding to CP all correspond to the codewords with a relatively large proportion of chip with high voltage levels, and the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation usually occurs when the information bits mapped in the signal not corresponding to CP all correspond to the codewords with a relatively small proportion of chip with high voltage levels. Specific examples will be described below.

[0200] In an AIoT signal corresponding to an OFDM symbol, since CP is generated by copying the end part of the signal not corresponding to CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation in the signals corresponding to CP can be determined based on the construction of the codewords of line encoding and / or the generation method of the end part of the signals not corresponding to CP. For example, if the end part of the signals not corresponding to CP is generated after the information bits are line encoded, the method for determining the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation in the signals corresponding to CP is similar to that in the signals not corresponding to CP. For another example, if the end part of the signals not corresponding to CP is generated by inserting parity bits or parity chips, the method for determining the maximum number or the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation in the signals corresponding to CP is based on the method of inserting parity bits or parity chips. Specific examples will be described below.

[0201] Since the chips after OOK modulation consist of two types: chips corresponding to high voltage level and chips corresponding to low voltage level, and the two are mutually exclusive in the set of all chips, the chips with high voltage level in the methods of various embodiments of the present specification can also be replaced with chips with low voltage level (for example, the number of chips with low voltage level = the total number of chips - the number of chips with high voltage level).

[0202] In an exemplary embodiment, the line encoding is Manchester encoding. The information bit 0 corresponds to the chip

[0010] , and the information bit 1 corresponds to the chip

[0001] . In the AIoT signal corresponding to an OFDM symbol, the number of chips included in the signal not corresponding to CP is M. If M is an even number, according to the codeword construction of the line encoding, the number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation is always half of the total number of chips, then Mref= M / 2. If M is an odd number, the number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation is (M - 1) / 2 (this is the minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation, which can also be understood as ceil(M / 2), where ceil represents rounding down) or (M - 1) / 2 + 1 (this is the maximum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation, which can also be understood as floor(M / 2), where floor represents rounding up), then Mref= (M - 1) / 2 or Mref= (M - 1) / 2 + 1. Since the line encoding is mainly used for the waveform part corresponding to the information bits, optionally, the embodiment can be used for the power control of the AIoT signal corresponding to the information bits (including higher layer data and / or physical layer control information); optionally, the embodiment is not used for the power control of the AIoT signal corresponding to the pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble.

[0203] In another exemplary embodiment, the line encoding is Manchester encoding. The information bit 0 corresponds to the chip

[0010] , and the information bit 1 corresponds to the chip

[0001] . In the AIoT signal corresponding to an OFDM symbol, the number of chips included in the signal not corresponding to CP is M, and the number of chips included in the signal corresponding to CP is N. Denoting the number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation included in the signal corresponding to CP as Nref, Mref= M / 2 + Nref(in the embodiment, it is assumed that M is an even number. If M is an odd number, the maximum / minimum value can be determined according to the method of rounding up / down in the other embodiments above). In the embodiment, no additional processing is performed on the insertion of CP (that is, the waveform / coding method of the signal not corresponding to CP is not adjusted due to the insertion of CP, and no parity signal is inserted due to the insertion of CP). Since the signal corresponding to CP is a copy of the last N chips in the signal not corresponding to CP, when N <= 1, the value of Nrefis 0 or N; when N > 1, denote the integer part of N as N1 and the decimal part as N2 (N = N1 + N2). When the decimal part corresponds to the chip with high voltage level, the value of Nrefis N2 + ceil(N1 / 2), where ceil represents rounding down; when the decimal part corresponds to the chip with low voltage level, the value of Nrefis floor(N1 / 2), where floor represents rounding up. After determining the possible values of Nref, the maximum and minimum values of the number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation M / 2 + Nrefcan be determined. Since the line encoding is mainly used for the waveform part corresponding to the information bits, optionally, the embodiment can be used for the power control of the AIoT signal corresponding to the information bits (including higher layer data and / or physical layer control information); optionally, the embodiment is not used for the power control of the AIoT signal corresponding to the pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble.

[0204] In another exemplary embodiment, the line encoding is Manchester encoding. The information bit 0 corresponds to the chip

[0010] , and the information bit 1 corresponds to the chip

[0001] . In the AIoT signal corresponding to an OFDM symbol, the number of chips included in the signal not corresponding to CP is M, and the number of chips included in the signal corresponding to CP is N. Denoting the number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation included in the signal corresponding to CP as Nref, in the embodiment, by inserting a parity signal, the last N0 chips in the chips included in the signal not corresponding to CP are made to correspond to the chips with high voltage level, and N0 is the rounding up of N. Then all the chips included in the signal corresponding to CP correspond to the chips with high voltage level. Therefore, the number of chips corresponding to high voltage level included in the signal not corresponding to CP is N0 + (M - N0) / 2 (here it is assumed that M - N0 is an even number. If it is an odd number, the maximum / minimum value can be determined according to the method of rounding up / down in the other embodiments above), and Mref= N + N0 + (M - N0) / 2. Since the line encoding is mainly used for the waveform part corresponding to the information bits, optionally, the embodiment can be used for the power control of the AIoT signal corresponding to the information bits (including higher layer data and / or physical layer control information); optionally, the embodiment is not used for the power control of the AIoT signal corresponding to the pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble.

[0205] In another exemplary embodiment, the line encoding is PIE, where the information bit 0 corresponds to the chip

[0010] , and the information bit 1 corresponds to the chip

[0110] . In the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol, the number of chips included in the signal not corresponding to the CP is M. If M is an even number, the maximum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation is determined according to the codeword structure of the line encoding, corresponding to the case where all M chips are the line encoded chips of information bit 1. Taking M = 12 as an example, in this example, the maximum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation is 8. Denoting the number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of OOK modulation included in the signal corresponding to the CP as Nref, in the embodiment, by inserting a parity signal, the last N0 chips among the chips included in the signal not corresponding to the CP are set as the chips corresponding to high voltage level, where N0 is the ceiling of N, then Nref= N. Therefore, in the embodiment, Mref= 8 + N. Since the line encoding is mainly used for the waveform part corresponding to the information bits, optionally, the embodiment can be used for the power control of the AIoT signal corresponding to the information bits (including higher layer data and / or physical layer control information); optionally, the embodiment is not used for the power control of the AIoT signal corresponding to the pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble.

[0206] In another exemplary embodiment, in the AIoT signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol, the waveform of the AIoT signal is configured / preset; for example, the AIoT signal uses a specific chip / codeword / sequence, and the chip / codeword / sequence is configured / preset. A specific example is that for the pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble in the AIoT signal, its waveform may be a preset sequence. For example, the start indication part SIP in the pre-amble may be a combination of low voltage level chip of length x1 and a chip with high voltage level of length x2 (for convenience of description, although line encoding is not used here, they are all referred to as chips; in the present specification, there is no special distinction between code chip and chip, and they are considered interchangeable), or multiple low-high voltage level combinations / high-low voltage level combinations. Another example is that the clock acquire part CAP in the pre-amble can be a multiple repetition of a high-low / low-high voltage level combination. The waveforms (or codewords / chips / sequences) of SIP and CAP can both be preset. In the embodiment, the number of chips included in the signal not corresponding to the CP is M, and the value of M can be determined according to the configured / preset waveform. Since the CP is generated by copying the end part of the signal not corresponding to the CP, and the waveform of the signal not corresponding to the CP is configured / preset, the signal waveform of the CP part can also be determined accordingly. Therefore, the value of Mrefcan be determined according to the configured / preset waveform.

[0207] Further, the method for the first UE to determine the transmission power of the first signal includes: if the transmission power corresponding to the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol is P (or does not exceed P), then the transmission power corresponding to each chip is P / Mref(or does not exceed P / Mref). The transmission power P can be the maximum transmission power (e.g., configured to transmit using the maximum power), or the transmission power determined through the configuration related to power control (e.g., the transmission power determined through parameters related to power control such as alpha, p0, etc.).

[0208] Since the value of Mrefdoes not change dynamically with the state of information bits, the transmission power corresponding to each chip calculated according to the above method is constant, so there will be no problem affecting the accuracy of envelope detection.

[0209] When Mrefcorresponds to the maximum number of chips with high voltage level, the technical effect of the method is that since the number of chips with high voltage level actually transmitted within the duration of one OFDM symbol will not exceed Mref, even if the transmission power P is the maximum transmission power, the actual transmission power according to the method will not exceed the maximum transmission power.

[0210] When Mrefcorresponds to the minimum number of chips with high voltage level, the transmission power of each chip in the method may be set not to exceed P / Mref. Its technical effect is that the method limits the maximum transmission power on each chip, thus avoiding the situation where when the number of chips with high voltage level actually transmitted is small, some chips use a very high transmission power, causing peak interference to the transmission of other neighboring devices and seriously affecting the communication of other devices.

[0211] In the above method for the first UE to determine the transmission power of the first signal, since the number of chips with high voltage level included in the AIoT signal on each OFDM symbol changes dynamically, the total transmission power on each OFDM symbol may not be constant. Therefore, the above method can be further improved.

[0212] Optionally, the method for the first UE to determine the transmission power of the first signal further includes adjusting the transmission power of at least one chip, which further includes: if the transmission power corresponding to the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol is P (or does not exceed P), the transmission power corresponding to each chip is P / Mref(or does not exceed P / Mref), and the value of the total transmission power P' corresponding to the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol is less than P, then for at least one chip with high voltage level or each chip with high voltage level in the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol, its corresponding transmission power is increased. Optionally, it is increased until the total transmission power P' corresponding to the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol is equal to P; and / or, it is increased until the transmission power corresponding to one chip does not exceed P0. Optionally, the total transmission power P' corresponding to the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol = P / Mref* Mhigh, where Mhighis the number of chips with high voltage level in the AIoT signal on one OFDM symbol. Optionally, P0 is a configured / preset threshold, and / or if Mrefcorresponds to the maximum number of chips with high voltage level, then P0 = P / Mref2, where Mref2corresponds to the minimum number of chips with high voltage level.

[0213] Optionally, increasing the transmission power includes uniform increasing, that is, increasing each chip with high voltage level by the same amplitude; or, increasing the transmission power includes non-uniform increasing. For example, the transmission power of chips corresponding to the AIoT pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble is not increased, while the transmission power of chips corresponding to information bits is increased; for another example, the transmission power of information bits corresponding to data is not increased, while the transmission power of chips corresponding to control information is increased.

[0214] Other embodiments of the present invention illustrate the potential impact on the envelope detection of the receiver when the transmission power of a single chip is not a constant value. Therefore, the method of adjusting the chip-level transmission power in the above-mentioned embodiments may not be applied to all AIoT signals. For example, when receiving an AIoT signal, the receiver may determine the decision threshold for envelope detection through a specific second signal (such as a pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble) (that is, deciding whether the received signal corresponds to chip 0 or chip 1 according to whether the strength of the received signal is higher / lower than the threshold), and then use this decision threshold for subsequent reception. Correspondingly, the above-mentioned method of adjusting the transmission power of at least one chip may not be used when determining the transmission power of the second signal, and the above-mentioned method of adjusting the transmission power of at least one chip may be used when determining the transmission power of other AIoT signals / channels except the second signal. The second signal may be a subset of the first signal. For example, the first signal includes a pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble and PRDCH, the second signal includes a pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble, and other AIoT signals / channels except the second signal include PRDCH.

[0215] Optionally, when the first UE adjusts the transmission power of at least one chip, it further includes: the first UE adjusts the transmission power of at least one chip corresponding to the third signal, and / or does not adjust the transmission power of at least one chip corresponding to the second signal, where the second signal includes at least one of the pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble, or includes at least one specific part of any one of the pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble (for example, at least one of the start indication part SIP and the clock acquire part CAP in the pre-amble), and the third signal includes other signals in the first signal except the second signal.

[0216] FIG. 6 illustrates a method performed by a second UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0217] Referring to FIG. 6, at step S601, the second UE may receive a first signal, where the first signal is generated through modulation based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, and a transmission power of the first signal is determined based on first information, and where the first information includes a number of reference chips, and the number of the reference chips is based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding.

[0218] At step S602, the second UE may demodulate the first signal.

[0219] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of a user equipment (UE) 700 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0220] Referring to FIG. 7, the UE 700 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may include a transceiver 701 and a controller 702. For example, the transceiver 701 may be configured to transmit and receive signals. For example, the controller 702 may be coupled to the transceiver 701 and configured to perform the aforementioned methods.

[0221] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above illustrative embodiments are described herein and are not intended to be limiting. It should be understood that any two or more of the embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in any combination. Furthermore, other embodiments may be utilized and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that aspects of the invention of the disclosure as generally described herein and shown in the drawings may be arranged, replaced, combined, separated and designed in various different configurations, all of which are contemplated herein.

[0222] Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described in the present application may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above in the form of their functional sets. Whether such function sets are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Technicians may implement the described functional sets in different ways for each specific application, but such design decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

[0223] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in the present application may be implemented or performed by a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logics, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, more than one microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0224] The steps of the method or algorithm described in the present application may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination thereof. The software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, register, hard disk, removable disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor to enable the processor to read and write information from / to the storage media. In an alternative, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In an alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside in the user terminal as discrete components.

[0225] In one or more exemplary designs, the functions may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, each function may be stored as one or more pieces of instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium or delivered through it. The computer-readable medium includes both a computer storage medium and a communication medium, the latter including any medium that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.

[0226] The above description is only an exemplary implementation of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1.A method performed by a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising:generating, based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, a first signal through modulation;determining a transmission power of the first signal based on first information, wherein the first information comprises a number of reference chips, and the number of the reference chips is based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding; andtransmitting the first signal based on the transmission power.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the modulation comprises on-off keying (OOK).3.The method of claim 1, wherein the number of the reference chips is based on, in a signal corresponding to one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a maximum number or a minimum number of chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation, wherein the signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol comprises a signal corresponding to a cyclic prefix (CP) or a signal not corresponding to the CP.4.The method of claim 3, wherein in the signal not corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on at least one of:the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to information bits,the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble,whether the signal not corresponding to the CP is transmitted in a first or an N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the first signal,whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform,a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP,whether the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP,a line encoded codeword used for the signal not corresponding to the CP, ora number of corresponding chips in one OFDM symbol.5.The method of claim 3, wherein, in the signal corresponding to the CP, the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on at least one of:the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to information bits,the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponding to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble,whether the signal not corresponding to the CP is transmitted in a first or an N-th OFDM symbol corresponding to the first signal,whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform,a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP,whether the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP,a number of corresponding chips in one OFDM symbol,a duration corresponding to the CP,a number of chips corresponding to the CP,a method of inserting the CP,whether a configured or preset waveform is included in a signal copied by the CP, ora pattern of the configured or preset waveform included in the signal copied by the CP.6.The method of any of claims 3, wherein the signal not corresponding to the CP or the signal corresponding to the CP correspond to information bits, the line encoding is used for the signal not corresponding to the CP, and the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on a line encoded codeword.7.The method of any of claims 3, wherein the signal not corresponding to the CP or the signal corresponding to the CP correspond to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble, and the maximum number or the minimum number of the chips corresponding to high voltage level of the modulation is based on whether the signal not corresponding to the CP corresponds to a configured or preset waveform or a pattern of the configured or preset waveform corresponding to the signal not corresponding to the CP.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the determining a transmission power of the first signal based on first information comprises:determining the transmission power of the first signal according to second information related to power control based on the first information.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the second information comprises at least one of:information related to a maximum transmission power,a parameter related to path loss or a channel state,a power level,information related to power ramping,a parameter related to the power control,a number of corresponding chips in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol,a method of the modulation,a method of the line encoding, ora method of inserting a cyclic prefix (CP).10.The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving the first information or the second information from a base station or a second UE in at least one of the following signaling or information:radio resource control (RRC) configuration information,paging signaling,first signaling for triggering an inventory process,third signaling in response to second signaling that is response signaling to the first signaling,fifth signaling in response to fourth signaling that is response signaling to the third signaling,other signaling other than the paging signaling, the first signaling, the second signaling, and the third signaling, orcontrol information.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the determining a transmission power of the first signal comprises:determining a second transmission power corresponding to each chip in the first signal based on a first transmission power corresponding to a signal on one OFDM symbol.12.The method of claim 1, wherein the determining a transmission power of the first signal comprises adjusting a transmission power of at least one chip in the first signal,wherein the adjusting a transmission power of at least one chip in the first signal comprises at least one of:if a total transmission power corresponding to a signal on a first OFDM symbol is less than a first transmission power corresponding to a signal on one OFDM symbol, increasing a transmission power of at least one chip with high voltage level or each chip with high voltage level in the signal on the first OFDM symbol; oradjusting a transmission power of at least one chip corresponding to a third signal, or not adjusting a transmission power of at least one chip corresponding to a second signal, wherein the second signal comprises at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble or comprises at least one specific part in any of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble, and the third signal comprises other signals in the first signal except the second signal,wherein the first signal comprises at least one of: a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH), a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH), a signal corresponding to a reader to device (R2D) transmission, a signal corresponding to a device to reader (D2R) transmission, a carrier wave (CW), a pre-amble, a mid-amble, a post-amble, or a CP corresponding to at least one of the PRDCH, the PDRCH, the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the increasing the transmission power comprises at least one of:increasing a same transmission power for each chip with high voltage level;increasing a transmission power of chips corresponding to information bits, and not increasing a transmission power of chips corresponding to the pre-amble / mid-amble / post-amble; orincreasing a transmission power of chips corresponding to control information, and not increasing a transmission power of corresponding information bits.14.A method performed by a second user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising:receiving a first signal, wherein the first signal is generated through modulation based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, and a transmission power of the first signal is determined based on first information, and wherein the first information comprises a number of reference chips, and the number of the reference chips is based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding; anddemodulating the first signal.15.A first user equipment (UE) comprising:memory storing instructions; andprocessing circuitry coupled to the memory and configured, based at least partially onexecution of the instructions, to cause the UE to:generate, based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, a first signal through modulation,determine a transmission power of the first signal based on first information, wherein the first information comprises a number of reference chips, and the number of the reference chips is based on the modulation or based on the modulation and the line encoding, andtransmit the first signal based on the transmission power.

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