TDM-based sensing signal of OFDM signal and FMCW signal for isac

Abstract

Proposed is an operating method of a first apparatus (100) in a wireless communication system. The operating method may comprise the steps of: generating, by the first apparatus (100), a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM signal and at least one FMCW signal are TDMed, and the first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of one or more values related to the at least one FMCW signal includes information related to the first sensing signal; and transmitting, by the first apparatus (100), the first sensing signal.

Description

TDM-based sensing signals of OFDM and FMCW signals for ISAC

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a first device may be provided. For example, the method may include: a step in which the first device generates a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed), and the first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and a step in which the first device transmits the first sensing signal.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on instructions executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: generate a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and the first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and transmit the first sensing signal.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the first device may be configured to: generate a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and the first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and transmit the first sensing signal.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: generate a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) signal and at least one frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal are time division multiplexed (TDM); and the first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and transmit the first sensing signal.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method that can be performed by a second device may be provided. For example, the method may include: a step in which the second device receives a first sensing signal transmitted from a first device, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and a step in which the second device obtains information related to the first sensing signal based on a combination of at least one value related to the at least one FMCW signal.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on instructions executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: receive a first sensing signal transmitted from a first device, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and obtain information related to the first sensing signal based on a combination of at least one value related to the at least one FMCW signal.

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 shows a sensing signal generated by TDMing an OFDM signal and an FMCW signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates a form in which information related to a sensing signal is transmitted through parameters related to FMCW signals, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a system that combines and transmits an FMCW signal with an OFDM signal in the time domain so as to overlap, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates the procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates the procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 18 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0030] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0031] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0032] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0033] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0034] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0035] In the present disclosure, the device acquiring information may include the information being (pre)set to the device, the information being received by the device from another entity, and the device generating the information.

[0036] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0037] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0038] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0039] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0040] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0041] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0042] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0044] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0045] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0046] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0047] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0048] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0050] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0051] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0052] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0053] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0054] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0055] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0056] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0057] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0059] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0060] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) exemplifies.

[0061] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0062] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0063] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0064] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0066] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0067] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0068] In the present disclosure, PSCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel between devices, etc. In the present disclosure, PSSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel between devices, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced with device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with SL communication, the SL portion may be replaced with "between devices".

[0069] In the present disclosure, PUCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with an uplink, a physical control channel associated with an uplink, etc. In the present disclosure, PUSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with an uplink, a physical shared channel associated with an uplink, etc.

[0070] In the present disclosure, PDCCH may be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a downlink, a physical control channel associated with a downlink, etc. In the present disclosure, PDSCH may be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a downlink, a physical shared channel associated with a downlink, etc.

[0071] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0073] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0074] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0075] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0076] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0077] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0078] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0079] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0080] - Optical wireless technology

[0081] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0082] - Quantum communication

[0083] - Cell-free communication

[0084] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0085] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0086] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0087] - Big data analysis

[0088] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0089] - Metaverse

[0090] - blockchain

[0091] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0092] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0093] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0094] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0095] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0096] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0098] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0099] Specifically, for example, FIG. 8(a) shows an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 8(b) shows an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0100] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter can transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal may be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal.

[0101] For example, a sensing receiver can receive a signal that is scattered or reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver.

[0102] For example, at a sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data.

[0103] Here, for example, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or, the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing result generated / acquired in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0104] For example, the sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing transmitter may be located at the same or a different base station or terminal as the sensing receiver.

[0105] For example, the sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing receiver may be located at the same or a different base station or terminal as the sensing transmitter.

[0106] For example, a sensing target may be a target that needs to be detected by deriving the characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal.

[0107] For example, the background environment can be the background (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.) that is not the sensing target.

[0108] For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver coexist at the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are at different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target.

[0109] For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0110] For example, the common framework of an ISAC (integrated sensing and communication) channel model can be composed of components of the target channel and components of the background channel. For example, this can be obtained based on the following mathematical formula 1.

[0111]

[0112] Here, for example, target channel H target It may include all multipath components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H background It may include other multipath components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0113] For example, service type (and / or (LCH or service) priority and / or QoS requirements (e.g., delay, reliability, minimum communication range) and / or PQI parameters) (and / or HARQ feedback enabled (and / or disabled), LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) and / or CBR measurements of the resource pool and / or SL cast type (e.g., unicast, group cast, broadcast) and / or SL group cast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, transmit-receive distance-based NACK only feedback) and / or SL Mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 / 2) and / or SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 / 2) and / or resource pool and / or whether the resource pool is configured with PSFCH resources and / or source (L2) ID (and / or destination (L2) ID) and / or PC5 RRC connection link and / or SL link and / or connection (with base station) Among (or separately), for at least one of the elements / parameters such as the state (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state) and / or SL HARQ process (ID) and / or whether SL DRX operation (of the transmitting terminal or receiving terminal) is performed and / or whether power saving (transmitting or receiving) terminal is performed and / or when PSFCH transmission and PSFCH reception (and / or multiple PSFCH transmissions exceeding terminal capability) overlap (and / or when PSFCH transmission (and / or PSFCH reception) is omitted) and / or when the receiving terminal actually (successfully) receives PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the transmitting terminal), the application of the rule (and / or parameter value related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set / allowed.

[0114] In addition, the wording "setting" (or "designation") in the present disclosure may be interpreted in an extended manner, such as a form in which a base station informs a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through a pre-setting and / or a form in which a terminal informs another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0115] Additionally, the wording "PSFCH" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "(NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)". Furthermore, the proposed methods in this disclosure may be combined with each other and used in an extended manner (in a new form).

[0116] The term "specific threshold value" below may mean a threshold value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal.

[0117] The term "specific setting value" below may refer to a value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal.

[0118] The phrase "set by network / base station" below may mean an operation in which a base station sets up (in advance) a terminal by upper layer RRC signaling, sets up / signals a terminal through MAC CE, or signals a terminal through DCI.

[0119] The following terms will be used in the contents of the disclosure below.

[0120] ISAC - Integrated sensing and communication

[0121] Sensing signal - A reference signal transmitted and received for sensing. For example, in this disclosure, the sensing signal may mean the same as the sensing reference signal.

[0122] Sensing Transmitter (Sensing Tx (transmitter)) - An entity that transmits a sensing signal

[0123] Sensing Receiver (Sensing Rx (receiver)) - An entity that receives a sensing signal

[0124] Monostatic Sensing - Sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located together at the same transmission and reception point (e.g., TRP) or within the terminal (co-located).

[0125] Bi-static sensing: Sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located at different transmission and reception points (e.g., TRPs) or terminals.

[0126] Multi-static sensing: Sensing in which multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers exist for a single sensing target

[0127] Target object (TO) - The object to be detected through sensing

[0128] Environment object (EO) - An object whose location is known, other than the target object

[0129] Clutter - Background or objects whose location cannot be specified, excluding the target object and environment objects.

[0130] Base Station-Base Station Sensing - Sensing in which Base Station #1 transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and Base Station #2 receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). If Base Station #1 and Base Station #2 are separate base stations, it refers to a Base Station-Base Station bistatic sensing operation, and if Base Station #1 and Base Station #2 are the same base station, it may refer to a Base Station-Base Station monostatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may be a base station or a Transceiver / Receiver Point (e.g., TRP). If Base Station #1 and / or Base Station #2 are one or more base stations, it may refer to a Base Station-Base Station multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a Transceiver / Receiver Point (e.g., TRP).

[0131] Base Station-Terminal Bistatic Sensing – Sensing in which a base station transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and a terminal receives said sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). For example, said base station may be a base station or a transmit / receive point (e.g., TRP). For example, if said base station and / or said terminal is one or more base stations and / or one or more terminals, it may imply a base station-terminal multistatic sensing operation. For example, said base station may imply a base station or a transmit / receive point (e.g., TRP).

[0132] Terminal-Base Station Bistatic Sensing – Sensing in which a terminal transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and a base station receives said sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). said base station may be a base station or a transmit / receive point (e.g., TRP). For example, if said base station and / or said terminal is one or more base stations and / or one or more terminals, it may imply terminal-base station multistatic sensing operation. For example, said base station may imply a base station or a transmit / receive point (e.g., TRP).

[0133] Terminal-terminal bistatic sensing – Sensing in which Terminal #1 transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and Terminal #2 receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). For example, if Terminal #1 and Terminal #2 are separate terminals, terminal-terminal sensing refers to a terminal-terminal bistatic sensing operation, and if Terminal #1 and Terminal #2 are the same terminal, terminal-terminal sensing may refer to a terminal-terminal monostatic sensing operation. If Terminal #1 and / or Terminal #2 are one or more terminals, terminal-terminal sensing may refer to a terminal-terminal multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a transmit / receive point (e.g., TRP).

[0134] A sensing management function (e.g., SMF) – an entity that performs at least one of the following functions as a sensing management module. For example, a sensing management module (e.g., an entity including a sensing management function (e.g., SMF)) may be a logical entity defined in a core network or RAN. For example, a sensing management module (e.g., an entity including a sensing management function (e.g., SMF)) may be a base station or a terminal capable of performing the sensing management module (e.g., an entity including a sensing management function (e.g., SMF)). For example, a sensing management module (e.g., an entity including a sensing management function (e.g., SMF)) may perform the following functions.

[0135] - Setting parameters related to the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS)

[0136] - Control of sensing operations and / or procedures

[0137] - An operation of receiving measurement results related to sensing and estimating sensing results for an object (e.g., information such as distance, speed, direction, and object recognition) based on the said measurement results.

[0138] TSA (target sensing (service) area) - Target sensing (service) area. The area where objects are to be detected through sensing.

[0139] RCS - Radar Cross Section. It can refer to the effective reflection area of ​​a transmitted radar signal that is intercepted, scattered isotropically, and reflected back to the radar receiver.

[0140] FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) - A signal having a frequency that varies over time, for example, it may include a waveform in which the frequency changes linearly over time from a starting frequency f0 as shown below.

[0141]

[0142] In the present disclosure, a sensing transmitter may be interchangeable with a device that transmits a sensing signal and a sensing transmission device. In the present disclosure, a sensing receiver may be interchangeable with a device that receives a sensing signal and a sensing receiving device. For example, a sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal in the direction of a target sensing service area (using a beam), said sensing signal is impacted by said target sensing service area, and said sensing signal impacted by said target sensing service area may be received by a sensing receiver.

[0143] Subsequently, the sensing receiver can transmit information related to the measurement value of the sensing signal to an SF (sensing function or sensing management function) entity, and the SF entity can perform a sensing operation for the target sensing service area based on the information related to the measurement value.

[0144] Existing OFDM-based communication systems are optimized for communication performance based on low error rates or high transmission rates, but they are not optimized for sensing performance based on detection probability, estimation accuracy, or false alarm ratio. For example, OFDM signal-based sensing systems can have the disadvantage of being vulnerable to interference caused by signals transmitted and received by surrounding objects.

[0145] To solve the above problem, a method may be used in which an FMCW signal optimized for sensing is TDMed with an OFDM signal in the time domain and transmitted. For example, based on the above system, an entity performing communication may communicate based on the OFDM signal among the TDMed signals, and an entity performing sensing may perform sensing based on the FMCW signal.

[0146] FIG. 9 illustrates a sensing signal generated by TDMing an OFDM signal and an FMCW signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0147] Referring to FIG. 9, a sensing signal including a first OFDM signal, a second OFDM signal, a first FMCW signal, and a second FMCW signal is shown. For example, the OFDM signals and FMCW signals may be TDMed. For example, although all signals are described as being temporally continuous, when the sensing signal is applied in various embodiments described in this disclosure, the signals may be applied in a temporally and frequency-separated form.

[0148] In this disclosure, a method for efficiently TDMing the aforementioned OFDM signal and FMCW signal is proposed. To perform sensing based on the system described above, the following operations may be performed.

[0149] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the FMCW signal may be transmitted in place of (replacing all or part of) the CP (Cyclic prefix) within the time domain of the OFDM symbol interval, within the guard interval (GI) where the CP is transmitted.

[0150] For example, the time domain information in which the FMCW replaces the CP within the GI and is transmitted may be (pre-defined), (set in a resource pool), or set by the SF (or SMF) and / or base station.

[0151] Here, for example, the time domain information in which the FMCW is transmitted may include offset information in the time domain in which the FMCW is transmitted from the start time of the GI or the CP.

[0152] Here, for example, the time domain information in which the FMCW is transmitted may include time interval information in the time domain in which the FMCW is transmitted.

[0153] Here, for example, the FMCW signal transmitted via TDM with the OFDM signal may be defined or set separately from the bandwidth of the OFDM signal being TDMed.

[0154] For example, the bandwidth of the FMCW signal may have a wider signal bandwidth than the bandwidth of the TDM OFDM signal, or may be set to have a wider bandwidth.

[0155] For example, the bandwidth of the FMCW signal may be set to have a bandwidth that is smaller than or equal to the bandwidth of the OFDM signal being TDMed.

[0156] For example, the starting frequency f0 of the above FMCW signal (e.g., Equation 2) and the rate of change of frequency over time (chirp rate) α can be determined based on the starting frequency, bandwidth, and / or center frequency of the OFDM signal to be TDMed.

[0157] For example, in the frequency domain, the center frequency of the OFDM signal may be the same as the center frequency of the TDMed FMCW signal. Through this, a transmitting entity and / or a receiving entity performing an ISAC operation can transmit and / or receive the TDMed FMCW signal and the OFDM signal without changing the center frequency.

[0158] For example, when an OFDM signal and an FMCW signal are TDMed and transmitted in the manner described above, the starting frequency f0 and / or chirp rate α of the FMCW signal to be TDMed (e.g., Equation 2) for each OFDM symbol constituting the sensing signal may be individually indicated or set to the transmitting entity and / or the receiving entity for one or more OFDM symbols.

[0159] Here, for example, based on the values ​​of the start frequency f0 and / or chirp rate α of the FMCW signal (e.g., Equation 2) that is TDMed to the one or more OFDM symbols, the following operation may be performed.

[0160] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, information associated with the sensing signal may be transmitted, the information being composed of FMCW signals that are combined with the OFDM signal and transmitted based on a combination of the start frequency and / or chirp rate values ​​of one or more FMCW signals.

[0161] The sensing performance of the chirp may not be significantly affected by the start frequency / chirp rate or may be minimally affected, and according to the embodiment described above, there is an advantage that information can be transmitted without additional overhead.

[0162] Here, for example, the information associated with the sensing signal may include identification information associated with the sensing signal. For example, the identification information may include a sensing signal identifier.

[0163] and / or, for example, information associated with the sensing signal may be information associated with a transmitting entity transmitting the sensing signal and / or a receiving entity receiving the sensing signal. For example, the information associated with the sensing signal may include identification information of the transmitting entity and / or the receiving entity.

[0164] and / or, for example, information associated with each FMCW signal that is TDMed per OFDM may include information associated with the transmit beam to which each FMCW signal is transmitted. For example, information associated with each FMCW signal may include a beam / resource index and / or related information.

[0165] FIG. 10 illustrates a form in which information related to a sensing signal is transmitted through parameters related to FMCW signals, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 10, a first sensing signal including a plurality of FMCW signals (at least one OFDM signal) as in the structure described in the present disclosure appears. The plurality of FMCW signals may each have different (and / or the same) start frequencies and chirp rates.

[0167] For example, in FIG. 10, the starting frequency of the first FMCW signal is assumed to be a and the chirp rate to be A, the starting frequency of the second FMCW signal is assumed to be b and the chirp rate to be B, the starting frequency of the third FMCW signal is assumed to be c and the chirp rate to be C, and the starting frequency of the fourth FMCW signal is assumed to be d and the chirp rate to be D. For example, information related to the first sensing signal as a combination of a to d and A to D can be transmitted through the first sensing signal and / or acquired by a sensing receiver.

[0168] For example, a control channel (e.g., PDCCH) associated with one or more FMCW transmissions constituting the sensing signal may be transmitted through a separate OFDM symbol / control channel that is not TDMed with the FMCW.

[0169] Here, for example, from the transmission time of the control channel, among one or more FMCW signals associated with the sensing signal, the time offset value to the first FMCW signal time may be (pre-defined), or set in the resource pool where the FMCW signal is transmitted, or set by the SF (or SMF) / base station, or indicated through the control channel.

[0170] and / or, for example, for one or more FMCW signals associated with the sensing signal through the control channel, information associated with the start frequency and / or chirp rate of the FMCW signal being TDMed for each OFDM symbol (e.g., a series of start frequency and / or chirp rate patterns, etc.) may be indicated.

[0171] For example, the sensing signal may be composed of a combination of the one or more OFDM symbols and the one or more FMCW signals transmitted via TDM.

[0172] Here, for example, the starting frequency from the first FMCW signal to the last Nth FMCW signal among the FMCW signals may increase monotonically or decrease in steps in the time domain based on a constant frequency offset. For example, the starting frequency from the first FMCW signal to the last Nth FMCW signal among the FMCW signals may increase monotonically or decrease monotonically in chronological order based on a constant frequency offset.

[0173] and / or, for example, the chirp rate of the FMCW signal transmitted via TDM to each of the OFDM symbols may be set or indicated to the same value for each of the OFDM symbols.

[0174] and / or, for example, the frequency band occupied by the union of frequency bandwidths of an FMCW signal transmitted via TDM to one or more OFDM symbols associated with the sensing signal may be greater than or equal to the frequency bandwidth of the sensing signal.

[0175] and / or, for example, part or all of the frequency bands of each FMCW signal transmitted via TDM to one or more OFDM symbols associated with the sensing signal may overlap each other.

[0176] For example, for one or more FMCW signals that are TDMed with the OFDM symbols constituting the sensing signal, the starting frequency of the nth FMCW signal may be equal to the last frequency of the (n-1)th FMCW signal or smaller than the last frequency.

[0177] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for efficiently transmitting a sensing signal composed of one or more FMCW signals that are TDM-transmitted by overlapping with one or more OFDM symbols is proposed.

[0178] Existing OFDM-based communication systems are optimized for communication performance based on low error rates or high transmission rates, but they are not optimized for sensing performance based on detection probability, estimation accuracy, or false alarm frequency. For example, OFDM signal-based sensing systems may have the disadvantage of being vulnerable to interference caused by signals transmitted and received by surrounding objects.

[0179] To solve the above problem, a method may be used to transmit an FMCW signal optimized for sensing by combining it with an OFDM signal so that they overlap in the time domain. For example, an entity performing communication based on the above system may perform communication based on the OFDM signal among the combined signals, and an entity performing sensing may perform sensing based on the FMCW signal.

[0180] FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a system for transmitting an FMCW signal combined with an OFDM signal in the time domain so as to overlap, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and / or operation of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0181] Referring to FIG. 11, the signal of the IFFT block for OFDM signal generation is modulated into a chirp signal, which is an FMCW signal, and then transmitted. At the receiving end, demodulation is performed based on the chirp signal (dechirp), and then an FFT for OFDM signal demodulation can be performed.

[0182] In this disclosure, a method for efficiently combining the above-described OFDM signal and FMCW signal is proposed. To perform sensing based on the above-described system, the following operations may be performed.

[0183] The method of modulating the above OFDM signal into FMCW can have the effect of increasing the bandwidth of the finally transmitted signal by the bandwidth of the FMCW signal relative to the bandwidth of the OFDM signal; consequently, a signal bandwidth wider than the bandwidth of the combined OFDM signal may be required.

[0184] For example, when combining FMCW signals in the manner described above in an OFDM signal-based communication system, the sum of the bandwidth of the OFDM signal and the bandwidth of the FMCW signal may be less than or equal to the bandwidth used by the OFDM signal-based communication system.

[0185] Here, for example, when transmitting an OFDM signal and an FMCW signal combined in the manner described above, the bandwidth and / or center frequency of the OFDM signal to be combined and the bandwidth and / or center frequency of the FMCW signal may be indicated or set to the transmitting entity and / or the receiving entity.

[0186] Here, for example, the starting frequency f0 of the FMCW signal (e.g., Equation 2) and the rate of change of frequency over time (chirp rate) α can be determined based on the starting frequency and / or bandwidth and / or center frequency of the OFDM signal to be combined.

[0187] For example, in order to transmit and / or receive a sensing signal combining the OFDM signal and the FMCW signal, which is larger than the bandwidth of the OFDM-based communication system, a resource associated with the OFDM-based communication system may be (pre-)defined or configured, or configured by an SF (or SMF) or a base station.

[0188] Here, for example, the resource associated with the combined sensing signal transmission and / or reception may overlap (partially) in the frequency domain with the resource associated with the OFDM-based communication system.

[0189] For example, in the frequency domain, a resource associated with the OFDM-based communication system may include a resource associated with the combined sensing signal transmission and / or reception.

[0190] And / or, for example, in the frequency domain, the center frequency of the resource associated with the OFDM-based communication system may be the same as the center frequency of the resource associated with the combined sensing signal transmission and / or reception. Through this, the ISAC system based on the OFDM-based communication system can transmit and / or receive the combined sensing signal without changing the center frequency.

[0191] and / or, for example, in the frequency domain, the center frequency and / or start frequency of the resource associated with the combined sensing signal transmission and / or reception may be a value with a certain offset applied relative to the center frequency and / or start frequency of the resource associated with the OFDM-based communication system.

[0192] Here, for example, the resource associated with the combined sensing signal transmission and / or reception may be configured to be associated with an unlicensed band.

[0193] For example, when transmitting an OFDM signal and an FMCW signal combined in the manner described above, the starting frequency f0 and / or chirp rate α of the FMCW signal to be combined (e.g., Equation 2) for each OFDM symbol constituting the sensing signal may be individually indicated or set to the transmitting entity and / or the receiving entity for one or more OFDM symbols.

[0194] and / or, for example, based on the starting frequency f0 and / or chirp rate α values ​​of the FMCW signal (e.g., Equation 2) coupled to the one or more OFDM symbols, the following operation may be performed.

[0195] For example, information associated with the sensing signal may be transmitted, consisting of FMCW signals that are combined with the OFDM signal and transmitted based on a combination of the start frequency and / or chirp rate values ​​of one or more of the FMCW signals.

[0196] and / or, for example, information associated with the sensing signal may be identification information associated with the sensing signal. For example, the identification information may include a sensing signal ID.

[0197] and / or, for example, information associated with the sensing signal may include information associated with a transmitting entity transmitting the sensing signal and / or a receiving entity receiving the sensing signal. For example, information associated with the sensing signal may include identification information of the transmitting entity and / or the receiving entity.

[0198] and / or, for example, information associated with each FMCW signal combined per OFDM may include information associated with the transmit beam to which each FMCW signal is transmitted. For example, information associated with each FMCW signal may include a beam / resource index and / or related information.

[0199] For example, a control channel (e.g., PDCCH) associated with one or more FMCW transmissions constituting the sensing signal may be transmitted through a separate OFDM symbol / control channel that is not coupled with the FMCW.

[0200] Here, for example, from the transmission time of the control channel, among one or more FMCW signals associated with the sensing signal, the time offset value to the first FMCW signal time may be (pre-defined), or set in the resource pool where the FMCW signal is transmitted, or set by the SF (or SMF) / base station, or indicated through the control channel.

[0201] Here, for example, for one or more FMCW signals associated with the sensing signal through the control channel, information associated with the start frequency and / or chirp rate of the FMCW signal combined for each OFDM symbol (e.g., a series of start frequency and / or chirp rate patterns, etc.) may be indicated.

[0202] For example, the sensing signal may be composed of a combination of one or more FMCW signals that are combined with one or more OFDM symbols and transmitted.

[0203] Here, for example, the starting frequency from the first FMCW signal to the last Nth FMCW signal among the above FMCW signals can be monotonically increased or monotonically decreased in the time domain in steps based on a constant frequency offset.

[0204] and / or, for example, the chirp rate of the FMCW signal coupled to and transmitted with each of the OFDM symbols may be set or indicated to the same value for each of the OFDM symbols.

[0205] and / or, for example, the frequency band occupied by the union of frequency bandwidths of an FMCW signal transmitted in combination with one or more OFDM symbols associated with the sensing signal may be greater than or equal to the frequency bandwidth of the sensing signal.

[0206] and / or, for example, part or all of the frequency bands of each FMCW signal transmitted coupled to one or more OFDM symbols associated with the sensing signal may overlap each other.

[0207] For example, for one or more FMCW signals combined with the OFDM symbol constituting the sensing signal, the starting frequency of the nth FMCW signal may be equal to the last frequency of the (n-1)th FMCW signal or smaller than the last frequency.

[0208] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for efficiently transmitting a sensing signal comprising one or more OFDM symbols and one or more FMCW signals that are superimposed and combined in the time domain and transmitted is proposed.

[0209] ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) is a technology that performs communication and sensing simultaneously within a single wireless system, referring to a technology that detects surrounding objects while transmitting data. ISAC can be applied to autonomous driving, smart factories, security surveillance, and drones to enable object recognition or status monitoring using communication signals. This offers advantages such as increased efficiency in wireless resource utilization, cost reductions through hardware integration, and the implementation of new functions like precise location-based services.

[0210] Here, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals used in existing communication systems may be unsuitable for sensing purposes, whereas FMCW signals exist as a useful signal for sensing. For example, to complement OFDM signals that are not optimized for sensing performance, it may be necessary to incorporate the characteristics of FMCW signals, which are commonly used in radar.

[0211] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one OFDM signal and at least one FMCW signal may be transmitted as a sensing signal in a form of time division multiplexed (TDM), and a combination of the start frequency or chirp rate of the at least one FMCW signal may be interpreted at a receiving end as information related to the sensing signal. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the bandwidth of the FMCW signal being TDMed with the at least one OFDM signal may be different from the bandwidth associated with the at least one OFDM signal. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the FMCW signal may be transmitted in a guard interval in which a cyclic prefix (CP) among the OFDM symbols is transmitted.

[0212] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the performance of ISAC (integrated sensing and communication) can be improved by using both OFDM signals and FMCW signals, and the efficiency of wireless resources can be improved because information related to the sensing signal can be transmitted without additional signaling.

[0213] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the description, function, procedure, suggestion, method, and / or operation of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0214] Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, the first device may generate a first sensing signal. For example, the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed), and the first sensing signal may be generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal. In step S1220, the first device may transmit the first sensing signal.

[0215] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include a sensing identifier of the first sensing signal.

[0216] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include information related to the first device.

[0217] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include information related to a second device that is the recipient of the first sensing signal.

[0218] For example, each OFDM signal included in the at least one OFDM signal is associated with each FMCW signal included in the at least one FMCW signal, and each FMCW signal included in the at least one FMCW signal may be associated with a beam of the associated OFDM signal.

[0219] For example, the first control channel associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be transmitted based on an OFDM resource that is not TDMed with the at least one FMCW signal.

[0220] For example, at least one value associated with the above at least one FMCW signal may be at least one starting frequency value.

[0221] For example, at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be at least one chirp rate value.

[0222] For example, at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be monotonically reduced from the first starting frequency of the first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to the second starting frequency of the second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

[0223] For example, at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal may increase monotonically from the first starting frequency of the first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to the second starting frequency of the second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

[0224] For example, the at least one FMCW signal can be transmitted based on at least one guard interval associated with the at least one OFDM signal.

[0225] For example, the at least one FMCW signal can replace and transmit at least one cyclic prefix (CP) associated with the at least one OFDM signal.

[0226] For example, the first bandwidth associated with the at least one OFDM signal may be different from the second bandwidth associated with the at least one FMCW signal.

[0227] The above-described embodiment may be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may generate a first sensing signal. For example, the first sensing signal may be a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed), and the first sensing signal may be generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to transmit the first sensing signal.

[0228] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on instructions executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: generate a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and the first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and transmit the first sensing signal.

[0229] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include a sensing identifier of the first sensing signal.

[0230] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include information related to the first device.

[0231] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include information related to a second device that is the recipient of the first sensing signal.

[0232] For example, each OFDM signal included in the at least one OFDM signal is associated with each FMCW signal included in the at least one FMCW signal, and each FMCW signal included in the at least one FMCW signal may be associated with a beam of the associated OFDM signal.

[0233] For example, the first control channel associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be transmitted based on an OFDM resource that is not TDMed with the at least one FMCW signal.

[0234] For example, at least one value associated with the above at least one FMCW signal may be at least one starting frequency value.

[0235] For example, at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be at least one chirp rate value.

[0236] For example, at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be monotonically reduced from the first starting frequency of the first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to the second starting frequency of the second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

[0237] For example, at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal may increase monotonically from the first starting frequency of the first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to the second starting frequency of the second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

[0238] For example, the at least one FMCW signal can be transmitted based on at least one guard interval associated with the at least one OFDM signal.

[0239] For example, the at least one FMCW signal can replace and transmit at least one cyclic prefix (CP) associated with the at least one OFDM signal.

[0240] For example, the first bandwidth associated with the at least one OFDM signal may be different from the second bandwidth associated with the at least one FMCW signal.

[0241] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the first device may be configured to: generate a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and the first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and transmit the first sensing signal.

[0242] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: generate a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) signal and at least one frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal are time division multiplexed (TDM); and the first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and transmit the first sensing signal.

[0243] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the description, function, procedure, suggestion, method, and / or operation of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0244] Referring to FIG. 13, in step S1310, the second device may receive a first sensing signal transmitted from the first device. For example, the first sensing signal may be a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed). In step S1320, the second device may obtain information related to the first sensing signal based on a combination of at least one value related to the at least one FMCW signal.

[0245] For example, additionally, the second device may obtain information related to the first measurement value by the second device measuring the first sensing signal; and the second device may transmit the information related to the first measurement value to an SF (sensing function) entity.

[0246] For example, the first sensing signal is a signal affected by a target sensing service area, and a sensing operation for the target sensing service area can be performed by the SF entity based on information related to the first measurement value.

[0247] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include a sensing identifier of the first sensing signal.

[0248] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include information related to the first device.

[0249] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include information related to a second device that is the recipient of the first sensing signal.

[0250] For example, each OFDM signal included in the at least one OFDM signal is associated with each FMCW signal included in the at least one FMCW signal, and each FMCW signal included in the at least one FMCW signal may be associated with a beam of the associated OFDM signal.

[0251] For example, the first control channel associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be transmitted based on an OFDM resource that is not TDMed with the at least one FMCW signal.

[0252] For example, at least one value associated with the above at least one FMCW signal may be at least one starting frequency value.

[0253] For example, at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be at least one chirp rate value.

[0254] For example, at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be monotonically reduced from the first starting frequency of the first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to the second starting frequency of the second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

[0255] For example, at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal may increase monotonically from the first starting frequency of the first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to the second starting frequency of the second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

[0256] For example, the at least one FMCW signal may be transmitted by the first device based on at least one guard interval associated with the at least one OFDM signal.

[0257] For example, the at least one FMCW signal can be transmitted by the first device by replacing at least one CP (cyclic prefix) associated with the at least one OFDM signal.

[0258] For example, the first bandwidth associated with the at least one OFDM signal may be different from the second bandwidth associated with the at least one FMCW signal.

[0259] The above-described embodiment may be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to receive a first sensing signal transmitted from the first device (100). For example, the first sensing signal may be a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may obtain information related to the first sensing signal based on a combination of at least one value related to the at least one FMCW signal.

[0260] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on instructions executed by the at least one processor, the second device may: receive a first sensing signal transmitted from a first device, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and obtain information related to the first sensing signal based on a combination of at least one value related to the at least one FMCW signal.

[0261] For example, additionally, the above commands may cause the second device to: obtain information related to the first measurement value by measuring the first sensing signal; and cause the second device to transmit the information related to the first measurement value to an SF (sensing function) entity.

[0262] For example, the first sensing signal is a signal affected by a target sensing service area, and a sensing operation for the target sensing service area can be performed by the SF entity based on information related to the first measurement value.

[0263] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include a sensing identifier of the first sensing signal.

[0264] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include information related to the first device.

[0265] For example, information related to the first sensing signal may include information related to a second device that is the recipient of the first sensing signal.

[0266] For example, each OFDM signal included in the at least one OFDM signal is associated with each FMCW signal included in the at least one FMCW signal, and each FMCW signal included in the at least one FMCW signal may be associated with a beam of the associated OFDM signal.

[0267] For example, the first control channel associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be transmitted based on an OFDM resource that is not TDMed with the at least one FMCW signal.

[0268] For example, at least one value associated with the above at least one FMCW signal may be at least one starting frequency value.

[0269] For example, at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be at least one chirp rate value.

[0270] For example, at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal may be monotonically reduced from the first starting frequency of the first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to the second starting frequency of the second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

[0271] For example, at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal may increase monotonically from the first starting frequency of the first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to the second starting frequency of the second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

[0272] For example, the at least one FMCW signal may be transmitted by the first device based on at least one guard interval associated with the at least one OFDM signal.

[0273] For example, the at least one FMCW signal can be transmitted by the first device by replacing at least one CP (cyclic prefix) associated with the at least one OFDM signal.

[0274] For example, the first bandwidth associated with the at least one OFDM signal may be different from the second bandwidth associated with the at least one FMCW signal.

[0275] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or procedures among the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0276] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0277] Although not limited to this, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0278] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0279] FIG. 14 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0280] Referring to FIG. 14, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0281] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0282] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0283] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0284] FIG. 15 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0285] Referring to FIG. 15, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 14.

[0286] For example, the description of the first wireless device (or device) and the second wireless device (or device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or device) or the wireless device (or device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

[0287] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0288] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0289] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0290] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0291] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0292] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0293] FIG. 16 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0294] Referring to FIG. 16, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 16 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 15. The hardware elements of FIG. 16 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 15. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 15. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 15, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 15.

[0295] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 16. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0296] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0297] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0298] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 16. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 15) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0299] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 14). The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0300] Referring to FIG. 17, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 15 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 15. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 15. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0301] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 14, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 14, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 14, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 14, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 14, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 14, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 14, 400), a base station (Fig. 14, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0302] In FIG. 17, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0303] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 17 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0304] FIG. 18 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), User Terminal (UT), Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), Subscriber Station (SS), Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0305] Referring to FIG. 18, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 17.

[0306] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0307] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0308] The claims described in this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a method. Additionally, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, The first device generates a first sensing signal, The first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed), and The first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and A method comprising the step of the first device transmitting the first sensing signal.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which information related to the first sensing signal includes a sensing identifier of the first sensing signal.

3. In Paragraph 1, A method in which information related to the first sensing signal includes information related to the first device.

4. In Paragraph 1, A method comprising information related to the first sensing signal, including information related to a second device that is the recipient of the first sensing signal.

5. In Paragraph 1, Each OFDM signal included in the above at least one OFDM signal is associated with each FMCW signal included in the above at least one FMCW signal, and A method in which each FMCW signal included in at least one FMCW signal is associated with a beam of an associated OFDM signal.

6. In Paragraph 1, A method in which a first control channel associated with at least one FMCW signal is transmitted based on an OFDM resource that is not TDMed with the at least one FMCW signal.

7. In Paragraph 1, A method in which at least one value associated with at least one FMCW signal is at least one starting frequency value.

8. In Paragraph 1, A method in which at least one value associated with at least one FMCW signal is at least one chirp rate value.

9. In Paragraph 1, A method in which at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal monotonically decreases from a first starting frequency of a first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to a second starting frequency of a second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

10. In Paragraph 1, A method in which at least one starting frequency associated with the at least one FMCW signal increases monotonically from a first starting frequency of a first FMCW signal, which is the earliest of the at least one FMCW signals, to a second starting frequency of a second FMCW signal, which is the last of the at least one FMCW signals.

11. In Paragraph 1, A method in which at least one FMCW signal is transmitted based on at least one guard interval associated with at least one OFDM signal.

12. In Paragraph 11, A method in which at least one FMCW signal replaces at least one CP (cyclic prefix) associated with at least one OFDM signal and is transmitted.

13. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the first bandwidth associated with the at least one OFDM signal is different from the second bandwidth associated with the at least one FMCW signal.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory connected to the above-mentioned at least one processor and storing instructions, Based on the above instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device: Generate a first sensing signal, but, The first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed), and The first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and A first device that transmits the above-mentioned first sensing signal.

15. In a processing device configured to control a first device, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory connected to the above-mentioned at least one processor and storing instructions, Based on the above instructions being executed by the at least one processor, the first device: Generate a first sensing signal, but, The first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed), and The first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and A processing device that transmits the above-mentioned first sensing signal.

16. As a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the first device: Generate a first sensing signal, but, The first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed), and The first sensing signal is generated such that a combination of at least one value associated with the at least one FMCW signal includes information associated with the first sensing signal; and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that transmits the first sensing signal.

17. Regarding the method, The second device receives a first sensing signal transmitted from the first device, The first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and A method comprising the step of the second device acquiring information related to the first sensing signal based on a combination of at least one value related to the at least one FMCW signal.

18. In Paragraph 17, A step of obtaining information related to a first measurement value by the second device measuring the first sensing signal; and A method further comprising the step of the second device transmitting information related to the first measurement value to an SF (sensing function) entity.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory connected to the above-mentioned at least one processor and storing instructions, Based on the execution of the above instructions by the at least one processor, the second device: To receive a first sensing signal transmitted from a first device, The first sensing signal is a signal in which at least one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplex) signal and at least one FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) signal are TDMed (time division multiplexed); and A second device that obtains information related to the first sensing signal based on a combination of at least one value related to the at least one FMCW signal.

20. In Paragraph 19, The above commands cause the second device to: The second device obtains information related to the first measurement value by measuring the first sensing signal; and A second device that causes the second device to transmit information related to the first measurement value to an SF (sensing function) entity.

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