Method and device for transmitting information for autonomous configuration of positioning or sensing method

Abstract

A method for performing wireless communication and a device supporting same are provided. A first device may determine a positioning or sensing scheme, and may transmit, to a second device, a message including (i) information related to the positioning or sensing scheme and (ii) information related to a time at which positioning or sensing is performed.

Description

Information transmission method and device for autonomous setting of positioning or sensing method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Per device peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully Autonomous vehicle Fully XR Fully Haptic communication Fully

[0005] In one embodiment, a method is provided for a first device to perform communication. The method may include the step of the first device determining a positioning or sensing method; and the step of the first device transmitting a message to a second device comprising (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0006] In one embodiment, a first device configured to perform communication is provided. The first device comprises at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: determine a positioning or sensing method; and transmit a message to a second device comprising (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0007] In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a first device is provided. The processing device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: determine a positioning or sensing method; and transmit a message to a second device comprising (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0008] In one embodiment, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium is provided for recording instructions. When the instructions are executed, the first device may: determine a positioning or sensing method; and transmit a message to a second device comprising (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 shows the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 shows the main sensing mode of an ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 shows a functional framework for AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 shows an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) functional framework for wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure for transmitting positioning / sensing method information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for first performing positioning / sensing and transmitting method information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure for first transmitting method information and performing positioning / sensing.

[0024] FIG. 16 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 20 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 21 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 22 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0032] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0033] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0034] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0035] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0036] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0037] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0038] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0039] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaled control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0040] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0041] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0042] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0043] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0045] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0046] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0047] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0048] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0049] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0051] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers (e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device). For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0052] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0053] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0054] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0055] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0056] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0057] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0058] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0060] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0061] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) exemplifies.

[0062] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0063] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0064] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0065] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0067] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0068] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0069] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0071] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0072] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0073] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0074] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0075] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0076] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0077] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0078] - Optical wireless technology

[0079] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0080] - Quantum communication

[0081] - Cell-free communication

[0082] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0083] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0084] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0085] - Big data analysis

[0086] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0087] - Metaverse

[0088] - blockchain

[0089] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0090] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0091] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0092] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0093] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0094] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0095] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0096] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to an object via a device within the network, they can provide services for object location determination without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Radio sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, radio sensing may use non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, e.g., sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks into wireless communication and sensing networks.

[0097] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, FIG. 8 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 8 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0098] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing signal may be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered or reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects) from the sensing signal transmitted by the sensing transmitter. For example, at the sensing receiver, sensing data may be derived from the scattered or reflected signal, and a sensing result may be generated or obtained through processing of the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / acquired in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking of objects and / or environments, etc.) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0099] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing transmitter may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing receiver or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for the operation of a sensing service, and the sensing receiver may be located at the same base station or terminal as the sensing transmitter or at a different base station or terminal. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving the characteristics of an object within the environment from the sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than that of a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be a sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver coexist at the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing where the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located at different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing where there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is below or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is above or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal can transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0100] For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of components of the target channel and components of the background channel. For example, this can be obtained based on Equation 1.

[0101]

[0102] Here, for example, target channel H target It may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H Background It may include other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0103] For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it can often be referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target can be detected more easily. For example, in radar sensor measurements, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, received power may be based on the target's RCS, among other factors. For example, received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the target's RCS may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and / or the target illumination.

[0104] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0105] Referring to Fig. 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar equation can be defined as Equation 2.

[0106]

[0107] Here, for example, P TX can be transmitter power [W], and G TXε₀ can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the EUT (equipment under test) and the target [m], and RCS is the radar cross-section [m² 2 ] could be, and P RX can be the power [W] that the EUTT receives back from the object, and A eff is the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m 2 ] can be. For example, A eff It can be obtained based on mathematical formula 3.

[0108]

[0109] Here, for example, G RX λ can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c / f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0110] For example, if a transmitter and a receiver are placed together and the same antenna is used for transmission and reception (G TX = G RX = G), the related radar mathematical formula can be defined as in mathematical formula 4.

[0111]

[0112] Here, for example, P TX ε₀ can be transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the EUT (equipment under test) and the target [m], and RCS is the radar cross-section [m² 2 ] could be, and P RX ≠ Power [W] received by the EUT from the object.

[0113] In the present disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0114] For example, the "PRS" or "SL PRS" below can be interpreted / applied by replacing it with "sensing signal" or "sensing RS (reference signal)".

[0115] - LMF: Location management function

[0116] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE

[0117] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF

[0118] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the UE

[0119] - SL positioning controlled by a base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station

[0120] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE

[0121] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the base station / LMF

[0122] - SL Positioning Group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0123] - T-UE(Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0124] - S-UE (Server UE): A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0125] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0126] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0127] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0128] - SL PRS: Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal

[0129] - CCH: control channel

[0130] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by the TX UE from other UEs, including the RX UE, which contains information about the set of preferred resources suitable for the TX UE to transmit to the RX UE, and / or information about the set of non-preferred resources not suitable for transmission.

[0131] - Sensing RS (reference signal): A reference signal used for measurements for sensing purposes

[0132] - BS-BS Sensing: BS-BS sensing may refer to a sensing operation where BS#1 transmits a sensing RS and BS#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are separate BSs, it may refer to a BS-BS bi-static sensing operation. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are the same BS, it may refer to a BS-BS mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a TRP (transmission and reception point). For example, if BS#1 and / or BS#2 are one or more BSs, it may refer to a BS-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0133] - BS-UE Sensing: BS-UE sensing may refer to a sensing operation in which a BS transmits a sensing RS and a UE receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to a BS-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0134] - UE-BS Sensing: UE-BS sensing may refer to sensing in which a UE transmits a sensing RS and a BS receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and / or the UE are one or more BSs and / or one or more UEs, it may refer to UE-BS multi-static sensing operation.

[0135] - UE-UE Sensing: UE-UE sensing may refer to sensing where UE#1 transmits a sensing RS and UE#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are separate UEs, it may refer to a UE-UE bi-static sensing operation. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are the same UE, it may refer to a UE-UE mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a TRP (transmission and reception point). For example, if UE#1 and / or UE#2 are one or more UEs, it may refer to a UE-UE multi-static sensing operation.

[0136] - Sensing signal: For example, a sensing signal may represent a reference signal transmitted and / or received for sensing. For example, a sensing signal may be utilized for sensing purposes in a 3GPP wireless environment.

[0137] - Sensing transmitter: For example, a sensing transmitter can represent an entity that transmits a sensing signal. For example, a sensing transmitter may be an entity that transmits a sensing signal used in a sensing service operation.

[0138] - Sensing receiver: For example, a sensing receiver may represent an entity that receives a sensing signal. For example, a sensing receiver may be an entity that receives a sensing signal used in a sensing service. For example, a sensing receiver may be an NR RAN node or a UE. For example, a sensing receiver may be located on the same or a different entity as the sensing transmitter.

[0139] - Sensing server (e.g., SF (Sensing function) or SMF (Sensing management function)): For example, a sensing server may represent a server that controls a sensing transmitter and / or a sensing receiver and / or governs sensing operations / procedures. For example, the operations performed by the sensing server in sensing may be similar to the operations performed by the LMF (Location management function) in positioning.

[0140] - Target object (TO): For example, the target object can represent the object to be detected through sensing.

[0141] - Target Sensing Area (TSA): For example, the target sensing area can represent the area where objects are to be detected through sensing.

[0142] - Moving TSA: For example, Moving TSA can represent a case where the target sensing area moves according to the target's mobility from the perspective of the sensing transmitter.

[0143] For example, a method in which a UE directly calculates its own position can be called “UE-based.”

[0144] For example, a Transmission Point (TP) may be a set of transmission antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location as a cell, a part of a cell, or a downlink PRS-dedicated transmission point. For example, a transmission point may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a downlink PRS-dedicated transmission point, etc. For example, a cell may include one or more transmission points. For example, in the case of homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to a cell.

[0145] For example, a reception point (RP) may be a set of receiving antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location as a cell, a part of a cell, or an uplink SRS-only reception point. For example, a reception point may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of an uplink SRS-only reception point, etc. For example, a cell may include one or more reception points. For example, in the case of homogeneous deployment, each reception point may correspond to a cell.

[0146] For example, a PRS-only transmission point (PRS-only TP) may be a transmission point that transmits only PRS signals for PRS-based TBS positioning and is not associated with a cell.

[0147] For example, a transmission-reception point (TRP) may be a set of antennas (e.g., an antenna array (containing one or more antenna elements)) located at the same geographical location where transmission point and / or reception point functions are supported.

[0148] For example, an SRS-only receiving point (SRS-only RP) may be a receiving point that receives only SRS signals for uplink-only positioning and is not associated with a cell.

[0149] For example, in the present disclosure, the TRP and the base station may be replaced with the same entity.

[0150] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information.

[0151] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0152] - SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set

[0153] - SL PRS Resource Type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0154] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0155] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0156] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0157] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources consisting of the following information.

[0158] - SL PRS Resource ID

[0159] - SL PRS Comb Size: The interval between REs transmitted within a symbol for SL PRS.

[0160] - SL PRS Comb Offset: The RE index where the SL PRS within the first SL PRS symbol is first transmitted.

[0161] - SL PRS Comb Cyclic Shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS

[0162] - SL PRS start position: Index of the first symbol transmitting the SL PRS within a single slot

[0163] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols constituting the SL PRS within a single slot

[0164] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) in the frequency domain where the SL PRS is transmitted

[0165] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0166] - SL PRS Resource Type: Can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0167] - SL PRS Periodicity: The period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, physical, or the unit of a logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0168] - SL PRS Offset: An offset in the time domain from the reference timing to the start of the first SL PRS resource, in units of physical or logical slots within the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of the RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0169] - SL PRS Sequence ID

[0170] - SL PRS spatial relation: Can be set to SL SSB, DL PRS, UL SRS, UL SRS for positioning, PSCCH DMRS, PSSCH DMRS, PSFCH, SL CSI RS, etc.

[0171] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource locations, etc.

[0172] FIG. 10 illustrates a major sensing mode of an ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0173] Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 10, for example, support scenarios for sensing services in ISAC may be as follows. For example, the six major sensing modes supported by ISAC may be as follows.

[0174] - gNB monostatic (gNB mono-static, e.g., the same gNB provides both Tx and Rx)

[0175] - gNB bistatic (gNB bi-static, e.g., one gNB is Tx and the other gNB is Rx)

[0176] - Bistatic from gNB to UE (gNB-to-UE bi-static, e.g., gNB is Tx and UE is Rx)

[0177] - Bistatic from UE to gNB (UE-to-gNB bi-static, e.g., UE is Tx and gNB is Rx)

[0178] - UE Monostatic (UE mono-static, e.g., the same UE provides both Tx and Rx)

[0179] - UE bi-static (UE bi-static, e.g., one UE Tx and the other UE Rx)

[0180] For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be solutions that can be extended and applied to all six sensing scenarios.

[0181] For example, the symbols / abbreviations / terms used in the present disclosure may be as follows.

[0182] - Sensing Device: For example, the sensing device may refer to the UE and / or TRP.

[0183] - Sensing Function (SF): For example, a sensing function may refer to a network entity that controls and manages the sensing procedures of a UE or TRP within an ISAC. For example, the SF can receive reports of sensing data collected by the UE or TRP through sensing and store the sensing data. For example, and / or the SF may be able to provide sensing data for a sensing service to a sensing device.

[0184] - Non-3GPP Sensing Data: This may refer to non-3GPP sensing data that is not collected through 3GPP communication-based sensing (e.g., camera data, video data and / or data collected through other RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi)-based sensing).

[0185] - 3rd Party Entity: For example, the 3rd Party Entity is a server device operated by a sensing service operator (e.g., a business operator that uses / operates sensing data for a sensing service). It can receive and store sensing data for a sensing service from a sensing device. For example, the 3rd Party Entity may also be able to provide sensing data for a sensing service to a sensing device.

[0186] In the present disclosure, for example, the following terms may be defined to describe AI / ML.

[0187] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals, serving as a basis for ML model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0188] - ML Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies machine learning techniques to generate a set of outputs containing predictive information based on a set of inputs.

[0189] - ML Training: An online or offline process of training an ML model by learning features and patterns that best represent the data and acquire an ML model trained for inference.

[0190] - ML Inference: A process of making predictions or deriving decisions based on collected data and ML models using a trained ML model.

[0191] FIG. 11 illustrates a functional framework for AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0192] Referring to FIG. 11, for example, data collection may be a function that provides input data to model training and model inference functions. AI / ML algorithm-specific data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) may not be performed in the data collection function. Examples of input data may include measurements from terminals or other network entities, feedback from actors, and outputs from AI / ML models.

[0193] For example, training data may be data required as input for the training function of an AI / ML model.

[0194] For example, inference data may be data required as input for the inference function of an AI / ML model.

[0195] For example, model training may be a function that performs ML model training, validation, and testing to generate model performance metrics as part of the model testing procedure. If necessary, the model training function may also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on training data provided by the data collection function.

[0196] For example, model deployment / update can be used to initially deploy trained, validated, and tested AI / ML models to the model inference function, or to provide updated models to the model inference function.

[0197] For example, model inference can be a function that provides AI / ML model inference outputs (e.g., predictions or decisions). Where applicable, the model inference function can provide model performance feedback to the model training function. If necessary, the model inference function can also handle data preparation (e.g., data pre-processing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the inference data provided by the data collection function.

[0198] For example, the output may be the inference output of an AI / ML model generated by the model inference function. Note that the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0199] For example, model performance feedback can be used to monitor the performance of AI / ML models.

[0200] For example, an actor can be a function that receives output from a model inference function and triggers or performs the corresponding action. An actor can trigger actions on other entities or on itself.

[0201] For example, feedback may be information that is necessary to derive training or inference data or performance feedback.

[0202] For example, in datasets used in AI / ML, the definitions of training, validation, and test data can be as follows. For instance, training data may be a dataset for training a model. For instance, validation data may be a dataset for validating a model that has already been trained. For instance, validation data is typically used to prevent overfitting of the training dataset. For instance, validation data may be a dataset for selecting the best model among several models trained during the learning process. Therefore, this can be viewed as a type of training. For instance, test data may be a dataset for final evaluation, and test data may be unrelated to training. For instance, regarding the above datasets, if the training set is divided, the training and validation data within the entire training set can typically be split in a ratio of approximately 8:2 or 7:3; if tests are included, the ratio can be split as 6:2:2 (training:validation:test).

[0203] FIG. 12 illustrates an AI / ML (Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning) functional framework for wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0204] For example, referring to 3GPP TR38.843, functions for performing AI / ML operations can be defined. Furthermore, for example, an AI / ML framework organically connected to these functions can be represented by a diagram such as Fig. 12. Referring to Fig. 12, for example, the purpose of the AI / ML framework may be to define necessary AI / ML functions and to design the framework so that the defined functions are organically connected and operate. For example, AI / ML functions and / or operations may collect data, train a model using the collected data, and / or store and transfer / delivery the trained model. For example, AI / ML functions and / or operations may perform an inference process based on the trained model. For example, along with this, a monitoring and / or management process may be required throughout the entire AI / ML operation process.

[0205] For example, AI / ML algorithms trained through AI / ML frameworks can be considered important tools for improving the performance and / or functionality of communication and positioning (e.g., AI / ML-assisted communication and / or AI / ML-aided positioning). For example, in 3GPP Release-18 / 19, research on improving communication and positioning performance using AI / ML can be conducted in various fields, such as optimizing beam management (BM) using AI / ML, reducing overhead through channel state information (CSI) compression using AI / ML, and / or improving positioning performance using AI / ML. For example, the field of wireless communication and the scope of application using AI / ML are expected to gradually expand in the future, and in particular, it can be considered an important tool to be utilized for sensing data analysis / processing in the sensing field (e.g., ISAC (integrated sensing and communication)) to be discussed in 6G wireless communication systems.

[0206] For example, in the case of positioning and sensing, final location information of a target UE or target object can be calculated through the analysis of measured data. For instance, AI / ML techniques may be utilized in the analysis of measured data and location calculation. For instance, as of March 2025, technical discussions at 3GPP may have already begun to improve positioning performance by utilizing AI / ML techniques. However, despite the advantage of performance improvement through the use of AI / ML techniques for positioning and sensing, many inherent disadvantages and problems may be pointed out.

[0207] For example, compared to conventional non-AI / ML methods, AI / ML methods require relatively high computing power (e.g., CPU / GPU), and consequently, power consumption (e.g., battery) can also be very high. Additionally, the storage space required by AI / ML (e.g., RAM (Random Access Memory) and / or storage) can also increase significantly when large-scale models are used. Furthermore, AI / ML can require relatively complex and large computational loads, which can increase positioning / sensing time latency. Additionally, for example, while AI / ML models operate based on learned results, problems may arise where the learned model is not suitable for the actual / current environment / situation (e.g., it is difficult to apply the learned model).

[0208] For example, due to these issues or drawbacks, positioning and sensing using AI / ML techniques may be used restrictively depending on the situation. Furthermore, AI / ML techniques need to be used flexibly. Moreover, when utilizing AI / ML techniques in a UE (e.g., when tasks such as AI / ML data collection, training, and / or inference are required), limitations can occur very frequently. For instance, if a limitation occurs due to a problem during AI / ML positioning or sensing operations, it may be difficult to continue the operation. Consequently, the positioning or sensing service may eventually fail. In such a case, the positioning or sensing operation may need to be re-executed using existing methods (e.g., non-AI / ML methods).

[0209] However, for example, such switching / fallback behaviors may make it difficult to avoid delays in acquiring positioning / sensing results. If, for example, to somewhat mitigate the issue of delay, the status values ​​of factors (e.g., computing power and / or memory) that determine the availability of AI / ML techniques must be continuously reported to the positioning / sensing server / manager. Alternatively, it can be configured to report only in specific cases (e.g., when utilizing a certain threshold). However, since the status of the aforementioned factors may change continuously, for example, an issue of increased signaling overhead may arise.

[0210] Therefore, for example, in cases where problems occur during positioning / sensing operations utilizing AI / ML techniques, a method may be required to effectively perform conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML techniques) positioning / sensing operations.

[0211] For example, according to 3GPP TS 38.305, hybrid positioning operations using multiple positioning methods may be supported. In particular, for example, in the case of positioning using sensors, they may be used for hybrid positioning along with other positioning methods. For example, a positioning server / manager (e.g., LMF) may improve positioning results by mixing simultaneously measured results in a hybrid manner (e.g., using multiple positioning methods) to correct positioning results or by selecting a positioning result with higher performance.

[0212] For example, to this end, in the case of positioning, a positioning server / manager (e.g., LMF) can configure multiple positioning methods for the UE through a positioning information request (e.g., RequestLocationInformation) message. For example, another method is to transmit a transaction (e.g., LPP transaction) different from the transaction configuring the currently ongoing positioning method (e.g., LPP transaction) in parallel. For example, since the UE performs positioning operations using the positioning method configured through the additional transaction (e.g., LPP transaction), multiple positioning operations can be performed. For example, yet another method is to configure multiple sessions and operate them simultaneously. For example, multiple positioning operations can be performed by configuring different positioning methods for each session.

[0213] For example, if one or more methods are configured here, the UE may perform one or more configured positioning operations simultaneously, sequentially, and / or merge them.

[0214] Additionally, for example, this execution method may be configured by a positioning / sensing server, and / or the UE itself may select the execution method and / or the positioning / sensing method.

[0215] However, for example, in the multi-positioning operations of conventional technology, while multiple positioning methods may occur simultaneously, there may be cases where sequential operation is impossible. For instance, conventional technology may be able to simultaneously perform positioning / sensing operations utilizing AI / ML techniques and positioning / sensing operations using non-AI / ML techniques. However, for instance, conventional technology may be unable to switch to positioning / sensing operations using non-AI / ML techniques if a problem occurs in the positioning / sensing operation utilizing AI / ML techniques.

[0216] For example, technically, conventional technology may not be able to establish any associations between separate methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques), transactions, or sessions. Consequently, for example, if one operation fails, it may be impossible to transition to the next operation. Therefore, if associations can be established between separate methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques), transactions, or sessions, effective transition between positioning / sensing utilizing AI / ML techniques and non-AI / ML positioning / sensing may be possible.

[0217] For example, the present disclosure may propose a method for establishing associations between each method (e.g., method and / or technique) / transaction / session when setting up multiple methods (e.g., method and / or technique) / transactions / sessions for effective switching / transition between positioning / sensing utilizing AI / ML techniques and non-AI / ML positioning / sensing. For example, the method for establishing associations proposed in the present disclosure may be the same as at least one of Case 1, Case 2, or Case 3 below. For example, some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of Case 1, Case 2, or Case 3 below may be omitted.

[0218] For example, in the case of the method for establishing associations proposed in the present disclosure, 1 may represent a case where multiple methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) are established in a single location information request (e.g., RequestLocationInformation) message as follows.

[0219] For example, one or more methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) may be set through a single location information request message. For example, Table 3 shows an example of a message in which multiple methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) are set. Referring to Table 3, for example, when one or more methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) are set in a single location information request (e.g., RequestLocationInformation) message, the operational priority of each method (e.g., methods and / or techniques) may be set together. For example, there may be a case where two methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) are set in a single location information request (e.g., RequestLocationInformation) message, such as a DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques (e.g., methods and / or techniques) and a conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML) DL TDoA method (e.g., methods and / or techniques).

[0220] RequestLocationInformation-r9-IEs ::= SEQUENCE {commonIEsRequestLocationInformationCommonIEsRequestLocationInformation OPTIONAL, -- Need ONnr-AIML-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16NR-AIML-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16OPTIONAL -- Need ONnr-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16NR-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16OPTIONAL -- Need ON}

[0221] For example, when setting the technique, the priority of each method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be set together. For example, if the priority of a DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques is set to 1 and the priority of a conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML) DL TDoA method is set to 2 (e.g., assuming the lower number represents the higher priority), the DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques can be executed first. And, for example, if the DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques fails (or if any problem occurs), the conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML) DL TDoA method can be executed secondarily. Or, for example, if two or more methods (e.g., method and / or technique) are set to the same priority value (e.g., if the priority of both methods is set to 1), two or more methods (e.g., method and / or technique) can be executed simultaneously.

[0222] For example, the priority (and / or condition) may be set within the Information Element (IE) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique), or the priority (and / or condition) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique) may be specified in common IE information (e.g., CommonIEsRequestLocationInformation), etc. Alternatively, for example, the priority (and / or condition) may also be set through a separate message. For example, if the priority (and / or condition) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be specified / recognized for any method, no difference in usage / operation may occur.

[0223] For example, transition conditions between each method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be set together with priority. For example, conditions may include failure of the positioning / sensing operation of the current method (e.g., method and / or technique). For example, conditions may include the accuracy and / or reliability of positioning / sensing results, which are related to the quality of the positioning / sensing results. For example, conditions may include battery status / level, memory / buffer status / level, and / or processor status / level, which are related to the conditions for the AI / ML model to perform. For example, if inference by the AI / ML model is used, the accuracy of the inference may be a condition. For example, conditions for the AI / ML model to perform or inference accuracy may be utilized for faster technique switching / transition. Additionally, for example, it may be possible to use the above conditions in combination.

[0224] For example, in the case of the method for establishing associations proposed in the present disclosure, 2 may represent a case where multiple methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) are established using parallel transactions as follows.

[0225] For example, one or more methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) may be established through parallel transactions. For example, Tables 4 and 5 may represent an example of a message in which multiple methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) are established through parallel transactions. Referring to Tables 4 and 5, for example, when one or more methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) are established through parallel transactions, the operational priority of each method (e.g., methods and / or techniques) may be established together. For example, if a DL TDoA method utilizing an AI / ML technique is in progress via transaction number 5, a conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML) DL TDoA method may be established via transaction number 6 while transaction 5 is in progress.

[0226] LPP-Message ::= SEQUENCE {transactionID LPP-TransactionID OPTIONAL, -- Need ONendTransaction BOOLEAN,sequenceNumber SequenceNumber OPTIONAL, -- Need ONacknowledgement Acknowledgement OPTIONAL, -- Need ONlpp-MessageBody LPP-MessageBody OPTIONAL -- Need ON}LPP-TransactionID ::= SEQUENCE {initiator Initiator,transactionNumber TransactionNumber,...}Initiator ::= ENUMERATED {locationServer,targetDevice,...}TransactionNumber ::= INTEGER (0..255) =>5LPP-MessageBody ::= CHOICE {c1 CHOICE {requestCapabilities RequestCapabilities,provideCapabilities ProvideCapabilities,requestAssistanceData RequestAssistanceData,provideAssistanceData ProvideAssistanceData,requestLocationInformation RequestLocationInformation,provideLocationInformation ProvideLocationInformation,abort Abort,error Error,spare7 NULL, spare6 NULL, spare5 NULL, spare4 NULL,spare3 NULL, spare2 NULL, spare1 NULL, spare0 NULL},messageClassExtension SEQUENCE {}}RequestLocationInformation-r9-IEs ::= SEQUENCE {commonIEsRequestLocationInformationCommonIEsRequestLocationInformation OPTIONAL, -- Need ONnr-AIML-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16NR-AIML-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16OPTIONAL -- Need ON}.

[0227] LPP-Message ::= SEQUENCE {transactionID LPP-TransactionID OPTIONAL, -- Need ONendTransaction BOOLEAN,sequenceNumber SequenceNumber OPTIONAL, -- Need ONacknowledgement Acknowledgement OPTIONAL, -- Need ONlpp-MessageBody LPP-MessageBody OPTIONAL -- Need ON}LPP-TransactionID ::= SEQUENCE {initiator Initiator,transactionNumber TransactionNumber,...}Initiator ::= ENUMERATED {locationServer,targetDevice,...}TransactionNumber ::= INTEGER (0..255) =>6LPP-MessageBody ::= CHOICE {c1 CHOICE {requestCapabilities RequestCapabilities,provideCapabilities ProvideCapabilities,requestAssistanceData RequestAssistanceData,provideAssistanceData ProvideAssistanceData,requestLocationInformation RequestLocationInformation,provideLocationInformation ProvideLocationInformation,abort Abort,error Error,spare7 NULL, spare6 NULL, spare5 NULL, spare4 NULL,spare3 NULL, spare2 NULL, spare1 NULL, spare0 NULL},messageClassExtension SEQUENCE {}}RequestLocationInformation-r9-IEs ::= SEQUENCE {commonIEsRequestLocationInformationCommonIEsRequestLocationInformation OPTIONAL, -- Need ONnr-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16NR-DL-TDOA-RequestLocationInformation-r16OPTIONAL -- Need ON}.

[0228] For example, the techniques described above in Case 1 (e.g., setting priorities and / or conditions) can be used in the same way in Case 2 (e.g., multiple transactions). For example, the method of setting priorities (and / or conditions) in Case 1 can be used identically or similarly to set priorities (and / or conditions) in Case 2. For example, when setting each method (e.g., method and / or technique), the priority (and / or condition) of the method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be set together. Additionally, for example, transition conditions between each method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be set together with the priority. For example, the detailed method may not differ significantly from the method in Case 1.

[0229] For example, if the priority of a DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques is set to 1 and the priority of a conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML) DL TDoA method is set to 2 (e.g., assuming the lower number represents the higher priority), the DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques may be executed first. And, for example, if the DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques fails (or if any problem occurs), the conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML) DL TDoA method may be executed second. Or, for example, if two or more methods (e.g., a method and / or a technique) are set to the same priority value (e.g., if the priority of both methods is set to 1), two or more methods (e.g., a method and / or a technique) may be executed simultaneously.

[0230] For example, the priority (and / or condition) may be set within the Information Element (IE) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique), or the priority (and / or condition) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique) may be specified in common IE information (e.g., CommonIEsRequestLocationInformation), etc. Alternatively, for example, the priority (and / or condition) may also be set through a separate message. For example, if the priority (and / or condition) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be specified / recognized for any method, no difference in usage / operation may occur.

[0231] For example, transition conditions between each method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be set together with priority. For example, conditions may include failure of the positioning / sensing operation of the current method (e.g., method and / or technique). For example, conditions may include the accuracy and / or reliability of positioning / sensing results, which are related to the quality of the positioning / sensing results. For example, conditions may include battery status / level, memory / buffer status / level, and / or processor status / level, which are related to the conditions for the AI / ML model to perform. For example, if inference by the AI / ML model is used, the accuracy of the inference may be a condition. For example, conditions for the AI / ML model to perform or inference accuracy may be utilized for faster technique switching / transition. Additionally, for example, it may be possible to use the above conditions in combination.

[0232] For example, in the case of the method for establishing associations proposed in the present disclosure, 3 may represent a case where multiple methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) are established using multiple sessions as follows.

[0233] For example, in conventional positioning protocols (e.g., LPP TS 37.355), unlike transactions, there may not be a factor to distinguish each session. For example, in this case, the UE can distinguish sessions with the help of NAS. For example, in contrast, in sidelink positioning protocols (e.g., SLPP TS 38.355), there may be a session ID (identifier) ​​that can directly distinguish each session.

[0234] For example, when setting the method in each session, priorities and transition conditions, etc., may be set together. For example, the UE (or BS) may compare the information of each session with each other to perform transition / transition operations of multiple methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques). For example, the method of setting priorities in Case 1 and / or Case 2 may be used identically or similarly to set priorities and / or transition conditions in Case 3. For example, regarding the setting of priorities and transition conditions, etc., there may not be a significant difference in method between Case 1 / Case 2.

[0235] For example, if the priority of a DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques is set to 1 and the priority of a conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML) DL TDoA method is set to 2 (e.g., assuming the lower number represents the higher priority), the DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques may be executed first. And, for example, if the DL TDoA method utilizing AI / ML techniques fails (or if any problem occurs), the conventional (e.g., non-AI / ML) DL TDoA method may be executed second. Or, for example, if two or more methods (e.g., a method and / or a technique) are set to the same priority value (e.g., if the priority of both methods is set to 1), two or more methods (e.g., a method and / or a technique) may be executed simultaneously.

[0236] For example, the priority (and / or condition) may be set within the Information Element (IE) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique), or the priority (and / or condition) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique) may be specified in common IE information (e.g., CommonIEsRequestLocationInformation), etc. Alternatively, for example, the priority (and / or condition) may also be set through a separate message. For example, if the priority (and / or condition) of each method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be specified / recognized for any method, no difference in usage / operation may occur.

[0237] For example, transition conditions between each method (e.g., method and / or technique) can be set together with priority. For example, conditions may include failure of the positioning / sensing operation of the current method (e.g., method and / or technique). For example, conditions may include the accuracy and / or reliability of positioning / sensing results, which are related to the quality of the positioning / sensing results. For example, conditions may include battery status / level, memory / buffer status / level, and / or processor status / level, which are related to the conditions for the AI / ML model to perform. For example, if inference by the AI / ML model is used, the accuracy of the inference may be a condition. For example, conditions for the AI / ML model to perform or inference accuracy may be utilized for faster technique switching / transition. Additionally, for example, it may be possible to use the above conditions in combination.

[0238] For example, additionally, the above cases 1 and 2 may operate within a single session. Therefore, for example, the connection structure between each method (e.g., method and / or technique) and the transaction may be sufficient with priorities and transition conditions. However, for example, to connect different sessions, a connection structure between each session may be required. For example, information on sessions capable of switching / transitioning methods (e.g., method and / or technique) may be required. For example, to this end, each session information may include session information capable of switching / transitioning (e.g., NAS information and / or session ID).

[0239] For example, Table 6 may show an example of a message conveying session information. Referring to Table 6, for example, the session ID information of transitionable sessions can be established via a LinkedSessionID. For example, a message conveying session information can be transmitted via Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP). For example, a session ID can be introduced in LPP in the same or similar manner, and this can be used to indicate transitionable session information. For example, there may be various methods for conveying session information.

[0240] SLPP-Message ::= SEQUENCE {applicationLayerID OCTET STRING OPTIONAL,transactionID INTEGER (0..255) OPTIONAL,endTransaction BOOLEAN,sequenceNumber SequenceNumber OPTIONAL,sessionID SessionID OPTIONAL,linkedSessionID LinkedSessionID OPTIONAL,acknowledgement Acknowledgement OPTIONAL,slpp-MessageBody SLPP-MessageBody OPTIONAL,nonCriticalExtension SEQUENCE {} OPTIONAL}SessionID ::= OCTET STRING (SIZE (6))LinkedSessionID ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..64)) OF SessionID

[0241] For example, additionally, the configuration of such transition-enabled sessions may also be possible through separate management messages. For example, such a message may be for managing transitions between multiple methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques). For instance, the message may set the priorities of methods (e.g., methods and / or techniques) and transition conditions for transitions between techniques. Furthermore, for example, if multiple sessions are used, it may include session information for the corresponding operation.

[0242] Meanwhile, according to the prior art, if the positioning / sensing method (e.g., method and / or technique) is changed, for example, by the configuration of the positioning / sensing server or by a method determined by the UE itself (e.g., method and / or technique), the positioning / sensing server may not be able to accurately determine the operational status of the corresponding UE. For example, no problem may occur in the case of a positioning / sensing method that can be performed solely by the UE's operation without the assistance of a network or base station. However, for example, if the UE requires cooperation with a network or base station, it may be difficult to perform normal operation.

[0243] Therefore, for example, the UE may need to be able to inform the positioning / sensing server of the positioning / sensing method currently being performed (e.g., method and / or technique).

[0244] For example, in the case of positioning, the UE can notify via LPP messages. For example, in the case of sensing, the UE can notify via sensing protocol messages.

[0245] For example, this may include a current (or intended to be used) positioning / sensing method (e.g., method and / or technique). For example, a positioning / sensing method (e.g., method and / or technique) may include one or more methods (e.g., method and / or technique). For example, additionally, this may include the time at which the method(s) (e.g., method and / or technique)(s) are to be performed. For example, if there is resource information (e.g., ID) required for the method (e.g., method and / or technique) to be performed, the positioning / sensing server may request resource usage from the network / base station based on such resource information, including such information. For example, if the resource can be requested / used between the UE and the base station without the assistance of the positioning / sensing server, the UE may request the base station to use the resource.

[0246] For example, if the execution method is configured by the positioning / sensing server, the positioning / sensing server may include an execution time in the configuration along with a priority for each method (e.g., method and / or technique). For example, the UE may perform a positioning / sensing operation using a positioning / sensing method (e.g., method and / or technique) at a defined execution time. For example, the configuration may include information for the positioning / sensing operation, such as resource information for the positioning / sensing operation.

[0247] For example, if the UE needs to change the positioning / sensing method being performed (e.g., method and / or technique), it may first change the positioning / sensing method (e.g., method and / or technique) to perform the positioning / sensing operation. For example, it may subsequently notify the positioning / sensing server of the changes. For example, the UE may use (e.g., continue to use) the changed method (e.g., method and / or technique) unless it receives a request to stop the operation (or a request to change) regarding the changes.

[0248] For example, if the UE needs to change the positioning / sensing method being performed (e.g., method and / or technique), it may notify the positioning / sensing server of the positioning / sensing method to be changed first (e.g., method and / or technique). Then, for example, it may wait for a response for a specific period of time. For example, it may receive an acceptance response or no response within that period. For example, in this case, the UE may perform the positioning / sensing operation by changing to the corresponding positioning / sensing method (e.g., method and / or technique). For example, the specific period may be pre-set by the positioning / sensing server and / or set by the UE and included in a message. For example, the period may be set short to facilitate a quick transition between positioning methods (e.g., method and / or technique). For example, if no acceptance response is received during that period, the UE may perform the operation by changing the positioning / sensing method (e.g., method and / or technique) for a quick transition. For example, if a response such as stopping or changing is received from the positioning / sensing server after the specified time has elapsed, the currently ongoing operation and method (e.g., method and / or technique) may be immediately stopped, or the positioning / sensing operation may be performed using the newly set changed value.

[0249] FIG. 13 illustrates a procedure for transmitting positioning / sensing method information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0250] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, at step S1310, the UE may determine a positioning or sensing method. For example, at step S1320, the UE may transmit a message containing information related to the positioning or sensing method to a server (e.g., a positioning server or a sensing server). For example, the message may further include information related to the time at which positioning or sensing is performed.

[0251] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure for first performing positioning / sensing and transmitting method information according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0252] Referring to FIG. 14, for example, at step S1410, the UE may determine a positioning or sensing method. For example, at step S1420, the UE may perform positioning or sensing based on the determined positioning or sensing method. For example, at step S1430, the UE may transmit a message containing information related to the positioning or sensing method to a server (e.g., a positioning server or a sensing server). For example, the message may further include information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed. For example, the message may be transmitted based on the performance of the positioning or sensing. For example, a response related to the message may be received based on the message. For example, the response may indicate permission. For example, the response may indicate suspension or change. For example, based on the response indicating suspension or change, the positioning or sensing may be suspended or changed.

[0253] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for first transmitting method information and performing positioning / sensing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0254] Referring to FIG. 15, for example, at step S1510, the UE may determine a positioning or sensing method. For example, at step S1520, the UE may transmit a message containing information related to the positioning or sensing method to a server (e.g., a positioning server or a sensing server). For example, the message may further include information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed. For example, at step S1530, the UE may perform positioning or sensing based on the determined positioning or sensing method. For example, the positioning or sensing may be performed based on the response related to the message indicating permission. For example, the positioning or sensing may be received based on the response related to the message not being received within the response time. For example, the positioning or sensing may be stopped or changed based on the response related to the message indicating suspension or change.

[0255] For example, for convenience of understanding, the present disclosure may be described based on a positioning protocol (e.g., LPP). However, for example, this is for the convenience of understanding the prior art and the proposal of the present disclosure, and the technology proposed in the present disclosure should not be limited to positioning technology, but can be used or applied in the same or similar way to sensing technology.

[0256] Methods according to various embodiments proposed in this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0257] Although the present disclosure has been described using a 5G wireless communication system as an example, this is not a limitation. For example, the method according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied and / or used in the same or similar manner in various communication systems, such as LTE, 5G NR, and 6G wireless communication systems.

[0258] According to the method proposed in this disclosure, various effects that are improved compared to the prior art may be achieved, although not limited to those presented in this disclosure. For example, the efficiency of positioning or sensing may be improved through positioning or sensing based on the setting of multiple methods (e.g., methods or techniques). For example, the efficiency of positioning or sensing may be improved as the UE itself can determine and set the method (e.g., methods or techniques) for performing positioning or sensing. For example, delays occurring during the switching of positioning or sensing methods (e.g., methods or techniques) may be mitigated. For example, the stability and reliability of positioning or sensing may be improved through this.

[0259] For example, embodiments of the present disclosure may be extended and / or applicable to all of the following operations: monostatic from TRP to TRP, bistatic from TRP to TRP, bistatic from TRP to UE, monostatic from UE to UE, and bistatic from UE to UE.

[0260] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing signal (or sensing signal) may be interpreted as being replaced by a sensing reference signal (Sensing RS).

[0261] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing data may be interpreted as being replaced with sensing measurement data, a sensing measurement report, and / or sensing measurement result data (e.g., sensing measurement data) measured by receiving a sensing signal.

[0262] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing device may be interpreted as being replaced with a sensing node, a sensing terminal, a device performing sensing and / or a terminal performing sensing, etc.

[0263] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing management function (SMF) may be interpreted as being replaced by a sensing function (SF), a base station, a sensing server, a device for managing sensing, and / or a third device, etc. For example, the SMF is not limited to the term and may be interpreted as various devices performing the same operation, function, and / or role.

[0264] For example, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the position management function (LMF) may be interpreted as being replaced by a base station, a position server, a positioning server, a device for managing positioning, and / or a third device, etc. For example, the LMF is not limited to the term and may be interpreted as various devices performing the same operation, function, and / or role.

[0265] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing function (SF) may be interpreted as being replaced by a base station, a sensing server, a device managing sensing, and / or a third device, etc.

[0266] For example, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the message may be interpreted as being replaced with a control message, a data message, a signal (signal), a data signal, or a control signal.

[0267] For example, the setting (or designation) wording in the present disclosure may be interpreted in an extended manner, such as a form in which a base station informs a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal informs another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0268] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may refer to a threshold value that is predefined or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may refer to a value that is predefined or set (in advance) by an upper layer (including the application layer) of a network, base station, or terminal. For example, an operation set by a network / base station may refer to an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE through upper layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE through MAC CE, or signals to the UE through DCI.

[0269] FIG. 16 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0270] Referring to FIG. 16, in step S1610, the first device may determine a positioning or sensing method. In step S1620, the first device may transmit a message to the second device that includes (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0271] Additionally, for example, the first device may perform the positioning or sensing based on the positioning or sensing method. For example, the message may be transmitted based on the performance of the positioning or sensing. For example, the positioning or sensing may be performed based on the fact that a response related to the message is not received within the response time.

[0272] Additionally, for example, the first device may receive a response from the second device based on the message. Additionally, for example, the first device may perform the positioning or sensing based on the positioning or sensing method based on whether the response indicates permission. Additionally, for example, the first device may stop or change the positioning or sensing based on whether the response indicates suspension or change. For example, the response may be received within the response time. For example, the response may be received after the response time.

[0273] For example, the above message may further include resource information related to the positioning or sensing method. For example, the resource information may include information related to an ID.

[0274] For example, the above message may include an LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message or a sensing protocol message.

[0275] For example, the positioning or sensing method may include at least one positioning method or at least one sensing method.

[0276] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may control the first device (100) to determine a positioning or sensing method. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) of the first device (100) to transmit a message to a second device that includes (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0277] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the first device may: determine a positioning or sensing method; and transmit a message to a second device comprising (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0278] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to: determine a positioning or sensing method based on execution by the at least one processor; and transmit a message to a second device comprising (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0279] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device may: determine a positioning or sensing method; and transmit a message to a second device comprising (i) information related to said positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

[0280] FIG. 17 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0281] Referring to FIG. 17, at step S1710, the second device may receive a message from the first device including (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which positioning or sensing is performed. At step S1720, the second device may transmit a response to the first device based on the message.

[0282] For example, the positioning or sensing may be performed by the first device based on the positioning or sensing method. For example, the message may be received based on the performance of the positioning or sensing. For example, the positioning or sensing may be performed based on the fact that a response related to the message is not transmitted within the response time.

[0283] For example, the positioning or sensing may be performed based on the positioning or sensing method, based on the response indicating permission. For example, the positioning or sensing may be stopped or changed based on the response indicating suspension or change. For example, the response may be transmitted within the response time. For example, the response may be transmitted after the response time.

[0284] For example, the above message may further include resource information related to the positioning or sensing method. For example, the resource information may include information related to an ID.

[0285] For example, the above message may include an LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message or a sensing protocol message.

[0286] For example, the positioning or sensing method may include at least one positioning method or at least one sensing method.

[0287] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) of the second device (200) to receive a message from the first device including (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which positioning or sensing is performed. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) of the second device (200) to transmit a response to the first device based on the message.

[0288] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to: receive a message from a first device including (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed; and transmit a response to the first device based on the message.

[0289] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, it may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to: receive a message from a first device including (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed; and transmit a response to the first device based on the message.

[0290] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device may: receive a message from the first device comprising (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed; and transmit a response to the first device based on the message.

[0291] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

[0292] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0293] Although not limited to this, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G, 6G, etc.) between devices.

[0294] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0295] FIG. 18 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0296] Referring to FIG. 18, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 6G, etc.) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0297] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0298] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0299] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0300] FIG. 19 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0301] Referring to FIG. 19, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 18.

[0302] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0303] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0304] For example, the transceiver (106, 206) may include not only a circuit that directly generates and transmits a wireless signal, but also a circuit that modulates and reflects (backscatters) the incident wireless signal.

[0305] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0306] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0307] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0308] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0309] FIG. 20 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0310] Referring to FIG. 20, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 20 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 19. The hardware elements of FIG. 20 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 19. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 19. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 19, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 19.

[0311] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 20. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0312] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0313] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0314] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 20. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 19) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored to the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0315] FIG. 21 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 18). The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0316] Referring to FIG. 21, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 19 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 19. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 19. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0317] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 18, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 18, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 18, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 18, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 18, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 18, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 18, 400), a base station (Fig. 18, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0318] In FIG. 21, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least a portion may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0319] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 21 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0320] FIG. 22 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0321] Referring to FIG. 22, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 21.

[0322] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0323] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0324] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, The first device determines a positioning or sensing method; and A method comprising the step of the first device transmitting to a second device a message including (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of the first device performing the positioning or sensing based on the positioning or sensing method.

3. In Paragraph 2, A method in which the above message is transmitted based on the performance of the above positioning or sensing.

4. In Paragraph 2, A method in which the positioning or sensing is performed based on the fact that a response related to the message is not received within the response time.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of the first device receiving a response from the second device based on the message.

6. In Paragraph 5, A method further comprising the step of the first device performing the positioning or sensing based on the positioning or sensing method based on the response indicating acceptance.

7. In Paragraph 5, A method further comprising the step of the first device stopping or changing the positioning or sensing based on whether the response indicates stopping or changing.

8. In Paragraph 5, The above response is received within the response time, a method.

9. In Paragraph 5, The above response is received after the response time, a method.

10. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above message further includes resource information related to the positioning or sensing method.

11. In Paragraph 10, A method in which the above resource information includes information related to an ID.

12. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above message includes an LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message or a sensing protocol message.

13. In Paragraph 1, The above positioning or sensing method comprises at least one positioning method or at least one sensing method.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: to determine the positioning or sensing method; and A first device that transmits a message to a second device including (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

15. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The first device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: to determine the positioning or sensing method; and A processing device that transmits a message to a second device including (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above instructions cause the first device: to determine the positioning or sensing method; and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that transmits a message to a second device comprising (i) information related to the positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which the positioning or sensing is performed.

17. Regarding the method, A second device receiving a message from a first device comprising (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which positioning or sensing is performed; and A method comprising the step of the second device transmitting a response to the first device based on the message.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Receiving a message from a first device comprising (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which positioning or sensing is performed; and A second device that transmits a response to the first device based on the above message.

19. In a processing device configured to control a second device, At least one processor; and The second device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor: Receiving a message from a first device comprising (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which positioning or sensing is performed; and A processing device that transmits a response to the first device based on the above message.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the second device: Receiving a message from a first device comprising (i) information related to a positioning or sensing method and (ii) information related to the time at which positioning or sensing is performed; and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that transmits a response to the first device based on the above message.

Images