Communication method for apparatus in wireless communication system, and apparatus therefor

Abstract

Disclosed are a communication method in a wireless communication system, and an apparatus therefor according to various embodiments. The apparatus may receive first messages including mobility information of terminals from the terminals by means of a first interface, receive a second message transmitted by means of a second interface from a second apparatus, convert the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface, and transmit. by means of the first interface, the third message to at least one terminal selected from the terminals.

Description

A method for a device to perform communication in a wireless communication system and a device for the same

[0001] This relates to a method for a device to transmit and receive messages in a wireless communication system and a device for doing so.

[0002] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access), and MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) systems.

[0003] Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method in which User Equipment (UE) establishes a direct link to directly exchange voice or data between terminals without passing through a Base Station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations caused by rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0004] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-equipped objects through wired or wireless communication. V2X can be classified into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through PC5 interfaces and / or Uu interfaces.

[0005] Meanwhile, as more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing Radio Access Technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems considering services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed; next-generation radio access technology that incorporates improved mobile broadband communication, Massive Machine Type Communication (MTC), and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) can be referred to as new radio access technology (new RAT) or new radio (NR). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication can also be supported in NR.

[0006] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between V2X communication based on RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0007] Regarding V2X communication, prior to NR, RATs mainly discussed methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as BSM (Basic Safety Message), CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message), and DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message). V2X messages can include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal can transmit a CAM of the periodic message type and / or a DENM of the event-triggered message type to another terminal.

[0008] For example, the CAM may include basic vehicle information such as dynamic state information of the vehicle, such as direction and speed, static data of the vehicle, such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route history. For example, a terminal may broadcast the CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100ms. For example, in the event of an unexpected situation such as a vehicle breakdown or accident, the terminal may generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal may receive the CAM and / or DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0009] Since then, regarding V2X communication, various V2X scenarios have been presented in NR. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving, etc.

[0010] For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles belonging to said group can receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles belonging to said group can use said periodic data to reduce or increase the distance between vehicles.

[0011] For example, based on enhanced driving, vehicles can be semi-automated or fully automated. For example, each vehicle can adjust trajectories or maneuvers based on data acquired from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. Additionally, for example, each vehicle can mutually share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0012] For example, based on extended sensors, raw data or processed data or live video data acquired through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can perceive an environment that is enhanced compared to the environment it can detect using its own sensors.

[0013] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control a remote vehicle for a person unable to drive or for a remote vehicle located in a dangerous environment. For example, in cases where the route is predictable, such as in public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be used for the operation or control of the remote vehicle. Additionally, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform, for example, can be considered for remote driving.

[0014] Meanwhile, methods to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving, are being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

[0015] The technical problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a method for efficiently transmitting and receiving messages in a wireless communication system and an apparatus for doing so.

[0016] The technical problems are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description below.

[0017] A method by a first device according to one aspect comprises: receiving first messages containing mobility information of terminals from terminals through a first interface; receiving a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface; converting the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface; and transmitting the third message to at least one terminal selected among the terminals through the first interface, wherein the at least one terminal may be a terminal that supports the first interface and the second interface and has transmitted at least one first message containing mobility information satisfying a preset condition among the first messages.

[0018] Alternatively, the method further includes a step of calculating a change in speed or change in angular velocity of the terminal based on mobility information of the terminal, and the preset condition may be satisfied based on the fact that the change in speed or change in angular velocity of the terminal is greater than or equal to a threshold change amount.

[0019] Alternatively, the above-mentioned preset condition may be satisfied based on the fact that the location of the terminal included in the mobility information of the terminal belongs to a preset geographical area.

[0020] Alternatively, the above-mentioned preset condition may be satisfied based on the fact that the location of the terminal included in the mobility information of the terminal belongs to a road of a preset road type.

[0021] Alternatively, the third message may be transmitted to only the selected at least one terminal based on whether the communication traffic load of the first device is greater than or equal to a specific threshold load, or whether the number of multiple terminals connected to the first device is greater than or equal to a specific threshold number.

[0022] Alternatively, the second message may be a message for providing a service having PPPP (ProSe Per-Packet Priority) or PPPR (ProSe Per-Packet Reliability) below a preset threshold value.

[0023] Alternatively, the first interface may be a Uu interface, and the second interface may be a PC5 interface.

[0024] Alternatively, the first device may be a server that provides V2X (Vehicle to Everything) services through the Uu interface, and the second device may be an RSU (road side unit) that receives messages from surrounding terminals through the PC5 interface and transmits the messages to the first device through the Uu interface.

[0025] According to another aspect, at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium comprises instructions for performing operations when executed by at least one processor, said operations comprising: receiving first messages containing mobility information of a terminal from terminals through a first interface; receiving a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface; converting the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface; and transmitting the third message to at least one terminal selected among the terminals through the first interface, said at least one terminal may be a terminal that supports the first interface and the second interface and has transmitted at least one first message containing mobility information satisfying a preset condition among the first messages.

[0026] A first device according to another aspect comprises: a Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory comprising at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor, wherein the operations include: controlling the RF transceiver to receive first messages containing mobility information of terminals from terminals through a first interface; controlling the RF transceiver to receive a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface; converting the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface; and controlling the RF transceiver to transmit the third message to at least one selected terminal among the terminals through the first interface, wherein the at least one terminal supports the first interface and the second interface and may be a terminal that has transmitted at least one first message containing mobility information satisfying a preset condition among the first messages.

[0027] A processing device for controlling a first device according to another aspect comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include causing the first device to: receive first messages containing mobility information of a terminal from terminals through a first interface; receive a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface; convert the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface; and transmit the third message to at least one selected terminal among the terminals through the first interface, wherein the at least one terminal may be a terminal that supports the first interface and the second interface and transmits at least one first message containing mobility information satisfying a preset condition among the first messages.

[0028] A method by a first terminal according to another aspect comprises: transmitting a first message containing mobility information of the first terminal through a first interface to a first device; receiving a second message containing mobility information of the second terminal from a second terminal through a second interface; and receiving a third message containing mobility information of the second terminal through the first interface based on the first terminal supporting the first interface and the second interface and the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfying a preset condition, wherein the third message may be a message converted from the second message into a message format for the first interface.

[0029] According to another aspect, at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium comprises instructions for performing operations when executed by at least one processor, said operations comprising: transmitting a first message containing mobility information of a first terminal to a first device through a first interface; receiving a second message containing mobility information of a second terminal from a second terminal through a second interface; and receiving a third message containing mobility information of a second terminal through the first interface based on the first terminal supporting the first interface and the second interface and the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfying a preset condition, said third message may be a message converted from the second message into a message format for the first interface.

[0030] According to another aspect, a first terminal comprises an RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; a processor connected to the RF transceiver; and a memory comprising at least one program that performs operations when executed by the processor, wherein the operations include transmitting a first message containing mobility information of the first terminal through a first interface to a first device; receiving a second message containing mobility information of the second terminal from a second terminal through a second interface; and receiving a third message containing mobility information of the second terminal through the first interface based on the first terminal supporting the first interface and the second interface and the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfying a preset condition, wherein the third message may be a message converted from the second message into a message format for the first interface.

[0031] According to another aspect, a processing device controlling a first terminal comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include causing the first terminal to transmit a first message containing mobility information of the first terminal to a first device through a first interface; receiving a second message containing mobility information of the second terminal from a second terminal through a second interface; and causing the first terminal to support the first interface and the second interface, and based on the fact that the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfies a preset condition, the third message may be a message converted from the second message into a message format for the first interface.

[0032] According to various embodiments, a device in a wireless communication system can efficiently perform the transmission and reception of messages. For example, by converting a second interface-based message into a first interface-based message based on the mobility information of a terminal and transmitting it only to a selective target terminal, unnecessary message transmission can be reduced and frequency usage efficiency and server load management efficiency can be improved.

[0033] The effects obtainable from various embodiments are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0034] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention, to illustrate various embodiments of the invention, and to explain the principles of the invention together with the description in the specification.

[0035] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between V2X communication based on RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0036] Figure 2 shows the structure of an LTE system.

[0037] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0038] Figure 4 shows the structure of a wireless frame of NR.

[0039] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0040] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 7 shows an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 8 shows an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] FIG. 9 shows an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 10 shows an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 11 shows the radio protocol architecture for SL communication.

[0046] Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0047] Figure 13 shows a resource unit for V2X or SL communication.

[0048] FIG. 14 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a communication method between a V2X-based Uu-only terminal and a PC5-only terminal.

[0051] Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating a communication system based on hybrid V2X.

[0052] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating how a server provides V2X communication services through a first interface.

[0053] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a method for a first terminal, which is a hybrid V2X terminal, to receive V2X-related services from a first device.

[0054] FIG. 20 illustrates a communication system to which the present invention is applied.

[0055] FIG. 21 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

[0056] FIG. 22 shows another example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied.

[0057] FIG. 23 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

[0058] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access), and MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) systems.

[0059] Sidelink refers to a communication method in which User Equipment (UE) establishes a direct link to directly exchange voice or data between terminals without passing through a Base Station (BS). Sidelink is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations caused by rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0060] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-equipped objects through wired or wireless communication. V2X can be classified into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through PC5 interfaces and / or Uu interfaces.

[0061] Meanwhile, as more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing Radio Access Technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems considering services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed; next-generation radio access technology that incorporates improved mobile broadband communication, Massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) can be referred to as new radio access technology (new RAT) or new radio (NR). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication can also be supported in NR.

[0062] The following technologies can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), GPRS (general packet radio service), and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) which uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink.LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0063] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE-A and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0064] For clarity of explanation, the description focuses on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical concept of the embodiment(s) is not limited thereto.

[0065] Figure 2 shows the structure of an applicable LTE system. This can be called an E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), or an LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; Base Station, BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to by other terms such as MS (Mobile Station), UT (User Terminal), SS (Subscriber Station), MT (Mobile Terminal), or Wireless Device. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10) and may be referred to by other terms such as eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), or Access Point.

[0067] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other through an X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) through the S1 interface, more specifically to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) through the S1-MME and to the S-GW (Serving Gateway) through the S1-U.

[0068] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information regarding the terminal's connection information or capabilities, and this information is primarily used for managing the terminal's mobility. The S-GW is a gateway with an E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with a PDN as its endpoint.

[0069] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between a terminal and a network can be classified into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the Physical Layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides Information Transfer Services using a physical channel, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located at Layer 3, performs the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0070] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include gNBs and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to terminals. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only gNBs are included. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to each other via Xn interfaces. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5G Core Network (5GC) via NG interfaces. More specifically, they are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via NG-C interfaces and to the user plane function (UPF) via NG-U interfaces.

[0072] Figure 4 shows the structure of a wireless frame of NR.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 4, radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. The radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0074] When normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0075] Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N) according to the SCS setting (u) when normal CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe((N subframe,u slot ) exemplifies.

[0076] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0077] Table 2 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when an extended CP is used.

[0078] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0079] In an NR system, the OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently among multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be configured differently among the merged cells.

[0080] In NR, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. If the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0081] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change, for example, as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in an NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6GHz range" and FR2 may mean "above 6GHz range" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0082] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0083] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0084] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0085] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 5, a slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 6 symbols.

[0087] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through the active BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in a resource grid and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0088] Meanwhile, a wireless interface between terminals or a wireless interface between a terminal and a network may be composed of L1, L2, and L3 layers. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, L1 layer may refer to the physical layer. Additionally, for example, L2 layer may refer to at least one of the MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, and SDAP layer. Additionally, for example, L3 layer may refer to the RRC layer.

[0089] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0090] New network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

[0091] - Satellite Integrated Network

[0092] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0093] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0094] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0095] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0096] - Small cell networks

[0097] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0098] - High-capacity backhaul

[0099] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0100] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0101] The core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described below.

[0102] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0103] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0104] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that can overcome range limitations.

[0105] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0106] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0107] - Optical wireless technology

[0108] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0109] - Quantum communication

[0110] - Cell-free communication

[0111] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0112] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0113] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0114] - Big data analysis

[0115] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0116] - Metaverse

[0117] - blockchain

[0118] - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): UAVs or drones will be a critical element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base station (BS) entities can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs can possess specific features not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled degrees of freedom for mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most critical technologies for 6G communication.

[0119] - Autonomous Driving (Self-Driving): V2X (Vehicle to Everything), a core element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (Vehicle to Vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (Vehicle to Infrastructure, V2I). Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, future autonomous driving may go beyond simply delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. Since the amount of information to be transmitted and received may become massive for this purpose, it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving through faster transmission speeds and lower latency compared to 5G.

[0120] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): An NTN may represent a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8, the satellite (or UAS platform) may establish a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where signals transmitted by the satellite can be received. Referring to FIG. 9, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via inter-satellite links (ISL). Another satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on a replay payload, the satellite can be connected to a data network via another satellite and a gateway. If no ISL exists between the satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with on-board processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams across a designated service area depending on the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view may vary depending on the on-board antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Thus, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to carrying all or part of the base station functions on the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0121] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Radio sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, and distance (range) of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Since radio frequency sensing capabilities do not require connecting to objects via devices within a network, they can provide services for object location determination without the need for devices. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Radio sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) that enable applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, radio sensing may utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., the sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering processing of wireless sensing signals. Thus, wireless sensing can provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from communication networks to wireless communication and sensing networks. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 10 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same position (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 10 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0122] FIG. 11 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, FIG. 11 (a) shows the user plane protocol stack of NR, and FIG. 11 (b) shows the control plane protocol stack of NR.

[0123] The Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SLSS) and synchronization information are described below.

[0124] SLSS is an SL-specific sequence that may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may use S-PSS to detect a primary signal and obtain synchronization. For example, a terminal may use S-PSS and S-SSS to obtain detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0125] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel through which basic (system) information that a terminal must know first is transmitted before transmitting or receiving SL signals. For example, the basic information may include information related to SLSS, Duplex Mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, information related to resource pools, types of applications related to SLSS, subframe offsets, broadcast information, etc. For example, to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0126] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) within the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)set SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RB. Additionally, the frequency position of the S-SSB may be (pre-)set. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0127] Meanwhile, in an NR SL system, multiple numerologies having different SCS and / or CP lengths may be supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource for the transmitting terminal to transmit S-SSBs may decrease. Consequently, the coverage of S-SSBs may decrease. Therefore, to ensure S-SSB coverage, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within a single S-SSB transmission cycle according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal within a single S-SSB transmission cycle may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission cycle may be 160ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission cycle of 160ms may be supported for all SCSs.

[0128] For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle. For example, if the SCS is 30 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal may transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle.

[0129] For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle. For example, if the SCS is 120 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle.

[0130] Meanwhile, when the SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP may be supported. Additionally, depending on the CP type, the structure of the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may differ. For example, the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP). Specifically, for example, if the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols mapping PSBCH within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, if the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols mapping PSBCH within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6. For example, PSBCH may be mapped to the first symbol within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal. For example, the receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform Automatic Gain Control (AGC) operation during the first symbol interval of the S-SSB.

[0131] Figure 12 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0132] Referring to FIG. 12, in V2X or SL communication, the term terminal may primarily refer to a user's terminal. However, if network equipment such as a base station transmits and receives signals according to the communication method between terminals, the base station may also be considered a type of terminal. For example, terminal 1 may be a first device (100), and terminal 2 may be a second device (200).

[0133] For example, terminal 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource within a resource pool, which represents a set of resources. Then, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the said resource unit. For example, terminal 2, which is a receiving terminal, can be configured with a resource pool in which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect terminal 1's signal within said resource pool.

[0134] Here, if terminal 1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station may inform terminal 1 of the resource pool. On the other hand, if terminal 1 is outside the connection range of the base station, another terminal may inform terminal 1 of the resource pool, or terminal 1 may use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0135] Generally, a resource pool can be composed of multiple resource units, and each terminal can select one or more resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

[0136] Figure 13 shows a resource unit for V2X or SL communication.

[0137] Referring to FIG. 13, the total frequency resources of the resource pool can be divided into NF units, and the total time resources of the resource pool can be divided into NT units. Thus, a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. FIG. 13 illustrates an example where the resource pool is repeated in a period of NT subframes.

[0138] As shown in FIG. 13, a single resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear repeatedly over time. Alternatively, to obtain diversity effects in the time or frequency dimension, the index of the physical resource unit to which a single logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In this structure of resource units, a resource pool may refer to a set of resource units that a terminal intending to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

[0139] Resource pools can be subdivided into several types. For example, depending on the content of the SL signals transmitted from each resource pool, resource pools can be classified as follows.

[0140] (1) A Scheduling Assignment (SA) may be a signal containing information such as the location of the resource used by the transmitting terminal for transmission of the SL data channel, the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) or Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission method required for demodulation of the data channel, and Timing Advance (TA). The SA may also be multiplexed and transmitted together with the SL data on the same resource unit, in which case the SA resource pool may refer to a resource pool in which the SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with the SL data. The SA may also be called the SL control channel.

[0141] (2) A Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted along with SL data on the same resource unit, only the form of the SL data channel excluding SA information can be transmitted from the resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, REs (Resource Elements) that were used to transmit SA information on individual resource units within the SA resource pool can still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting terminal can transmit by mapping the PSSCH to a succession of PRBs.

[0142] (3) The discovery channel may be a resource pool for a transmitting terminal to transmit information such as its ID. Through this, the transmitting terminal can enable adjacent terminals to discover it.

[0143] Even if the content of the SL signal described above is the same, different resource pools may be used depending on the transmission and reception attributes of the SL signal. For example, even if the same SL data channel or discovery message is used, it may be divided into different resource pools depending on the method of determining the transmission timing of the SL signal (e.g., whether it is transmitted at the time of reception of the synchronization reference signal or whether it is transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the time of reception), the method of resource allocation (e.g., whether the base station assigns the transmission resource of an individual signal to the individual transmission terminal or whether the individual transmission terminal selects the individual signal transmission resource itself from within the resource pool), the signal format (e.g., the number of symbols occupied by each SL signal in one subframe, or the number of subframes used for the transmission of one SL signal), the signal strength from the base station, the transmission power strength of the SL terminal, etc.

[0144] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 14, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0145] Referring to FIG. 14, the common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block extending from one end of the carrier band to the other. And, the PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0146] A BWP can be configured by point A, an offset from point A (NstartBWP), and a bandwidth (NsizeBWP). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0147] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a sidelink-specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may use S-PSS to detect the initial signal and obtain synchronization. For example, a terminal may use S-PSS and S-SSS to obtain detailed synchronization and detect the synchronization signal ID.

[0148] The PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel through which basic (system) information that the terminal must know first is transmitted before transmitting or receiving SL signals. For example, the basic information may include information related to SLSS, Duplex Mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, information related to resource pools, types of applications related to SLSS, subframe offsets, broadcast information, etc. For example, to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of the PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0149] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) within the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)set SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RB. Additionally, the frequency position of the S-SSB may be (pre-)set. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0150] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 15(a), in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S1500, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0152] For example, the first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from the base station. For example, the CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, the DG resource may be a resource that the base station sets / assigns to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, the CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that the base station sets / assigns to the first terminal via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0153] In step S1510, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S1520, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S1540, the first terminal may transmit / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a pre-set rule. For example, the DCI may be a DCI for scheduling SL.

[0154] Referring to FIG. 15(b), in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine an SL transmission resource within an SL resource set by the base station / network or a preset SL resource. For example, the set SL resource or the preset SL resource may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal may autonomously select or schedule a resource for SL transmission. For example, the terminal may perform SL communication by selecting a resource itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal may select a resource itself within a selection window by performing a sensing and resource (re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing may be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S1510, the first terminal, having selected a resource itself within the resource pool, may use the resource to transmit PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal. In step S1520, the first terminal can transmit PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1530, the first terminal can receive PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0155] Referring to FIG. 15 (a) or (b), for example, the first terminal may transmit an SCI to the second terminal over the PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal over the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted over the PSCCH may be referred to as the 1st SCI, the 1st SCI, the 1st-stage SCI, or the 1st-stage SCI format, and an SCI transmitted over the PSSCH may be referred to as the 2nd SCI, the 2nd SCI, the 2nd-stage SCI, or the 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0156] Referring to FIG. 15 (a) or (b), in step S1530, the first terminal can receive PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal can determine a PSFCH resource, and the second terminal can use the PSFCH resource to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 15(a), in step S1540, the first terminal can transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0158] Meanwhile, the aforementioned sidelink may be defined as communication between terminals or direct communication between terminals. In this case, PSCCH may be defined as a physical control channel for communication between terminals, PSSCH as a physical data channel or physical sharing channel for communication between terminals, and PSFCH as a physical feedback transmission channel between terminals.

[0159] Server message linkage method for transmission efficiency in Hybrid V2X

[0160] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a communication method between a V2X-based Uu-only terminal and a PC5-only terminal, and FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a communication system based on hybrid V2X.

[0161] C-V2X, a C-ITS technology based on 3GPP standards, includes V2N2X, which is long-range communication using the Uu interface based on mobile communication networks, and sidelink communication (LTE / NR-V2X), which is direct communication between terminals using the PC5 interface. Additionally, DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communications) and / or ITS-G5 may be considered as short-range communication. Furthermore, discussions have recently begun regarding hybrid V2X technology that utilizes these two complementarily. Accordingly, it may be necessary to develop design and optimization techniques for the message transmission and reception operations of terminals and servers in hybrid V2X. Here, ITS-G5 is a European 5.9 GHz band short-range V2X communication technology defined by ETSI, which can support direct communication between vehicles (V2V) and vehicles (V2I) based on the IEEE 802.11p series. In addition, ITS-G5 is characterized by the ability to perform short-range direct communication without mobile network coverage, and unlike 3GPP-based C-V2X / NR-V2X, it may be a European ITS standard that uses an 802.11-based approach rather than a cellular one.

[0162] Referring to FIG. 16, the hybrid V2X can (1) enable information linkage between a terminal capable only of Uu communication (Uu-only terminal) and a PC5-based terminal by enabling a server / RSU, etc., to transmit messages from a Uu-only terminal to a PC5-only terminal (and / or DSRC-only terminal or ITS-G5-only terminal) or support the reverse operation through the conversion / transmission operation of messages generated by the Uu-only terminal; (2) when supporting I2V / V2V / V2P services based on direct communication between terminals, but situations occur such as when the distance between terminals increases or communication quality deteriorates due to channel conditions, it may be possible to perform the message transmission or service support (e.g., message transmission to support I2V / V2V / V2P services) using the Uu interface; and (3) while the terminal is located within the I2V (sidelink) communication coverage of road infrastructure including an RSU (Road Side Unit), the I2V service that was supported to the terminal via the Uu interface is supported / performed via direct communication between the sidelink-based terminal and the RSU, thereby allowing frequency It can enable efficient operation.

[0163] For example, a terminal may transmit to a base station or a server, including information on the type of wireless access technology it supports and / or the corresponding terminal type as part of its capability information. The type of wireless access technology may be at least one of NR / LTE-V2X, DSRC, ITS-G5-based short-range communication, V2N-based long-range communication, and hybrid V2X that supports both long-range communication and short-range communication. Additionally, the terminal type information may be information indicating whether hybrid V2X is supported, whether long-range communication is supported exclusively, or whether short-range communication is supported exclusively. Alternatively, the information may be utilized as a Topic of a Message Queuing Protocol to support information linkage between a server and a terminal and / or between a server, an RSU, and a terminal. For example, in a topic structure based on MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) or AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol), information on the type of wireless access technology and / or terminal type may be reflected, and accordingly, the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal may selectively publish, subscribe to, or filter only information or messages that correspond to the wireless access technology they support.

[0164] For example, a terminal may use the type of supported wireless access technology as a topic for a message queuing protocol. In this case, each terminal may select one of Uu-only, PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only), and hybrid as the topic, and set its own publishing topic and / or subscription topic based on the selected topic. Additionally, when publishing information or messages, each terminal may set the topic of the message to be published to one of Uu-only, PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only), and hybrid based on its terminal capability. Accordingly, each terminal may publish or subscribe to messages through a topic corresponding to the type of wireless access technology it supports. In the method of subscribing to information or messages, each terminal or server may determine the subscription target based on the topic corresponding to the terminal capability. For example, a Uu-only terminal can be configured to receive not only messages published by Uu-only terminals or hybrid V2X terminals existing in the V2N domain, but also messages published by PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only) terminals. To this end, messages generated by PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only) terminals can be linked to the V2N domain via the hybrid V2X information linkage function, and during this process, the terminal or RSU can perform format conversion by adding MQTT or AMQP headers to C-ITS messages. Therefore, a Uu-only terminal can subscribe to all topics corresponding to Uu-only, PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only), and hybrid V2X, respectively, as terminal capability-related topics.Meanwhile, since PC5-only terminals can directly receive messages transmitted by PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only) terminals or hybrid V2X terminals via the PC5 link, separate format conversion operations involving a server or RSU in hybrid V2X information linkage can be performed only when a message generated by a Uu-only terminal is delivered to the PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only) terminal side. Accordingly, in information linkage between an ITS application server and an RTA (Road Traffic Authority) server, the RTA server can subscribe only to messages among those delivered by the ITS application server where the terminal capability-related topic is Uu-only. Additionally, the RTA server can perform format conversion to extract C-ITS messages by removing MQTT or AMQP headers from the received messages, and control the delivery of the converted messages to PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only) terminals via the RSU based on short-range communication. In addition, since a hybrid V2X terminal can receive messages transmitted by a PC5-only (and / or DSRC-only or ITS-G5-only) terminal or another hybrid V2X terminal via PC5 communication, in the publish / subscribe relationship with the application server, it can selectively subscribe only to messages generated in the V2N domain where the terminal capability-related topic is Uu-only.

[0165] The following describes in detail the operation of the server for efficient frequency usage and effective server load management in a system supporting hybrid V2X.

[0166] The server is another server (e.g., 3 rdThe server may receive information / messages from a party app server, central system, public transport information center), and / or an RSU (e.g., R-ITS-station) / terminal. The server may transmit the received information / messages via V2N2X communication based on a Uu interface to a plurality of terminals connected to itself, including (i) terminal(s) that receive support for a service based on the received information / messages, (ii) terminal(s) for whom the received information / messages are required for a specific service, and / or (iii) terminals located in an area where the received information / messages are valid / meaningful for a specific service.

[0167] In this case, the server is a different server (e.g., 3 rd Information / messages received from a party app server, central system, public transportation information center), RSU (e.g., R-ITS-station), and / or terminal may be (1) information / messages obtained by another server (and / or RSU) from another terminal / device, (2) information / messages newly generated by the server (and / or RSU) based on the information / messages it has received, and (3) information / messages directly generated using information obtained through AI-based learning, etc., on information obtained by devices / sensors such as GPS / camera / radar / lidar mounted on the RSU and / or terminal.

[0168] For example, a server may receive information or messages from other servers and / or RSUs, and the server may obtain terminal information, event location information, and / or area information included in the message by decoding the received information or message, and furthermore, based on the obtained information, may specify the area (e.g., service area) where the message or information is to be distributed or delivered. Specifically, the server may interpret the included information differently depending on the type or format of the received message. For example, if the message is a Basic Safety Message (BSM) or a Personal Safety Message (PSM), the server may obtain location information of the terminal that generated the message, and in this case, the location information may include at least one of latitude, longitude, and altitude; thus, the server may determine the area where the message needs to be delivered based on the actual location of the terminal or the spatial range where the terminal is located. And / or, for example, if the above message is a DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message), the server may obtain at least one of eventPosition, eventPositionHeading, relevanceDistance, and relevanceTrafficDirection included in the DENM, thereby identifying the location where the event occurred, the direction of travel or heading information related to the event, the distance range to which the event is validly applied, and the traffic direction related to the event, and based on such information, more specifically determine the service area regarding which event information should be provided to terminals proceeding in which direction at which location.And / or, if the message is a message packet exchanged via a pub / sub based message protocol such as MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), the server can obtain publication area information of the terminal included in the message packet. For example, the publication area information may include a publication topic, or a tile number / topic (TOPIC) for representing a pub / sub area in a geocast environment. Since this information indicates which topic-based range or spatial area the message corresponds to, the server can use it to specify the logical service area or geographical service area to which the message should be distributed. In this way, the server does not merely relay information or messages received from other servers and / or RSUs, but decodes the information or messages to interpret the terminal location information, event-related location information, direction of travel information, distance range information, traffic direction information and / or publication area information contained therein, and then, based on the results of such interpretation, can specify a service area where the message or information is to be actually distributed or delivered, and once the service area is specified, it can transmit all information or messages received to terminals existing within the service area using a geo-cast method, a unicast method and / or a broadcast method.For example, terminals within a specific radius or within a specific road section can be determined as service target terminals based on terminal locations included in BSM or PSM, and a service area can be set to deliver messages only to terminals in locations and directions of travel where information related to accidents, construction, traffic congestion, or dangerous situations actually has meaning, based on eventPosition, eventPositionHeading, relevanceDistance, and relevanceTrafficDirection included in DENM, or a service area can be specified to distribute messages to terminals subscribed to a specific topic or terminals belonging to a specific area tile based on the publication topic included in pub / sub-based messages such as MQTT or the tile number in geo-cast. Accordingly, the server can specify a service area where message distribution or delivery is required by integrally utilizing various forms of location information, event information, and area information included in the received message, and perform efficient information delivery that matches the content and nature of the message by transmitting all information or messages received to terminals existing in the service area via geocast, unicast, or broadcast.

[0169] However, as described above, when the server transmits / deliveries all information / messages it receives to terminals located in a specific service area, the amount of information / messages received by the server may increase, or the number of terminals (located in the specific area) connected to the server may increase. In this case, a problem may arise where downlink traffic between the server and the terminals increases rapidly. Therefore, the server may not transmit the information or messages it receives uniformly in all cases, but may selectively transmit them only when specific preset conditions are met, and / or only to terminals that meet those specific preset conditions. Through this, unnecessary message transmission is reduced, waste of wireless resources is suppressed, and as a result, more efficient transmission can be performed in terms of frequency usage.

[0170] For example, the server may selectively transmit / delive the information / message via the Uu interface to at least one terminal among a plurality of terminals located in the service area that satisfies specific conditions based on at least one of Proposal 1 and Proposal 2 described below.

[0171] 1, Proposal 1

[0172] In Proposal 1, the server receives information / messages from other servers / RSUs / terminals and can selectively transmit / deliver the received information / messages to (only) terminal(s) among a plurality of terminals connected to it that satisfy at least one of the following conditions (condition A, condition B, condition C). Here, the plurality of terminals may be terminals located in a specified service area that are receiving or intend to receive services from the server.

[0173] (1) Condition A. When the terminal (or client terminal) connected to the server is a terminal that lacks short-range communication capabilities (e.g., DSRC, ITS-G5 LTE / NR-V2X sidelink communication)

[0174] - Such conditions may be conditions for implementing information linkage between the Uu-only terminal and the PC-only terminal as illustrated in FIG. 16.

[0175] (2) Condition B. If a terminal (or client terminal) connected to the server has the capability for short-range communication (e.g., DSRC, ITS-G5 LTE / NR-V2X sidelink communication), but it is difficult to meet the service-related QoS requirements when receiving service support via short-range communication, or if it is predicted that it will be difficult to meet the service-related QoS requirements within a specific time set in advance

[0176] - For example, there may be cases where it is difficult to meet service-related requirements such as latency / requirement through short-range communication due to low signal quality.

[0177] - 'Condition B' may be a condition for obtaining an I2V service quality improvement effect in a situation where the above terminal (e.g., hybrid V2X device / terminal in FIG. 17) is located at the boundary of the sidelink communication range or the sidelink communication quality is poor.

[0178] - The above service-related QoS may be (1) an end-to-end requirement from a service perspective, which is an item whose measurement method and requirement value are determined regardless of which interface supports the service (e.g., service-level E2E latency, reliability, service range), but (2) a performance indicator related to link quality (KPI, e.g., SNR, RSRP / RSRQ, etc.) whose measurement method and requirement value (performance KPI) differ depending on which interface supports the service.

[0179] (3) Condition C. Where the server determines that, although a client terminal connected to the server has the capability for short-range communication (e.g., DSRC, ITS-G5 LTE / NR-V2X sidelink communication), allowing the client terminal to receive a single piece of information / message in two different communication methods simultaneously (e.g., in the case of a hybrid terminal that supports two interfaces simultaneously) helps secure / improve reliability from a service perspective

[0180] - For example, the server may transmit the message / information to the terminal through the Uu interface if the terminal can perform the hybrid V2X communication described above, and if receiving the message / information redundantly in communication based on the Uu interface and short-range communication, respectively, helps secure / improve the reliability of the service.

[0181] - For example, if the priority / reliability requirements of a service that is supported (or will be supported) based on information / messages received by the server are above a specific level (specific threshold), and the terminal that wishes to receive or is receiving support for the service based on said information / messages may be determined to satisfy the above "Condition C". For instance, the server may determine that a terminal receiving support for a service where the PPPP / PPPR (ProSe Per-Packet Priority / ProSe Per-Packet Reliability) value is below or less than a specific threshold, and / or a terminal subscribing to messages for such services, is a terminal that requires redundant reception of a single information / message via two different communication methods to secure / improve reliability from a service perspective.

[0182] - and / or, the server may determine a terminal with a very large change in driving speed / acceleration (e.g., a terminal having a speed or acceleration greater than a threshold change amount set for determining the above C condition) as a terminal that needs to receive a single piece of information / message redundantly in two different communication methods to ensure / improve reliability from a service perspective.

[0183] - and / or, the server may determine that a terminal driving or located on a road where the type of driving road changes rapidly is a terminal that requires redundant reception of a single piece of information / message via two different communication methods to ensure / improve reliability from a service perspective. Here, a terminal where the type of driving road changes rapidly may be a terminal driving on a winding road (e.g., a road with curvature greater than a preset threshold curvature), a terminal driving on a road where the allowable minimum / maximum speed changes, a terminal driving on a road where vehicles and pedestrians / motorcycles / bicycles travel together in narrow alleys / shoulders, etc., and / or a terminal driving or located on a road entering or exiting a general road from an expressway.

[0184] - and / or, the server may determine that a terminal traveling on or located on a road type or lane where the probability of traffic flow change exceeds a certain level is a terminal that requires redundant reception of a single piece of information / message via two different communication methods to ensure or improve reliability from a service perspective. For example, a road where the probability of traffic flow change exceeds a certain level may be a road with road work or accident areas, or a bottleneck section.

[0185] - and / or, the server may determine that a terminal that is driving or is scheduled to drive in a specific area and / or road type designated (e.g., accident-prone area, school zone, crosswalk, intersection) is a terminal that needs to receive a single information / message in two different communication methods in order to secure / improve reliability from a service perspective.

[0186] - and / or, the server may determine that a specific type of terminal, pre-configured (by service / situation), is a terminal that needs to receive a single piece of information / message in two different communication methods to ensure / improve reliability from a service perspective. Here, the specific type of terminal may be a bicycle, a kickboard, a pedestrian, or a car in the case of a pedestrian safety service, and may be a car or a truck in the case of a Hi-Pass lane opening / closing notification service.

[0187] A more detailed example of the above-described Proposal 1 may be as follows.

[0188] - 1. A server may transmit / transmit information / messages received from another server / RSU only to client terminals connected to it (e.g., terminals located in a pre-specified service area) that lack short-range communication capabilities (e.g., DSRC, ITS-G5 LTE / NR sidelink communication), and may not transmit / transmit to client terminals that have short-range communication capabilities.

[0189] - 2. A server may selectively transmit / delive information / messages received from another server / RSU only to terminals among the client terminals connected to it (e.g., terminals located in a pre-specified service area) that lack short-range communication capabilities (e.g., DSRC, ITS-G5 LTE / NR sidelink communication) and terminals that, even if they have short-range communication capabilities, have low short-range communication quality and would find it difficult to satisfy the service-related QoS requirements when receiving services via short-range communication (and / or terminals predicted to find it difficult to satisfy the service-related QoS requirements within a specific time when receiving services via short-range communication).

[0190] - 3. A server may transmit / forward information / messages received from another server / RSU to terminals connected to it (e.g., terminals located in a pre-specified service area) only when the priority / reliability requirements of the supported (or to be supported) service based on the information / messages received are above a certain level (e.g., when PPPP / PPPR values ​​are below or less than a certain threshold). Here, the terminals may be determined regardless of whether they have short-range communication capabilities, or may be determined considering whether they have short-range communication capabilities. Alternatively, the terminals may be hybrid terminals that support both short-range and long-range communication. For example, as described above, in the case of hybrid terminals, service reliability can be improved through redundant reception via two interfaces.

[0191] 2. Proposal 2

[0192] In Proposal 2, the server may selectively transmit / delivere information / messages received from another server / RSU / terminal to terminals connected to it (e.g., terminals that are receiving or intend to receive support for services provided by a server located in a specific service area) when at least one of the conditions described below (condition D, condition E) is satisfied.

[0193] (1) Condition D. When the number of messages received (and / or sent) simultaneously (or during a specific time interval) on the server / cloud / MEC is less than or equal to (or greater than) a preset threshold

[0194] (2) Condition E. When the number of terminals connected to the server / cloud / MEC is less than or equal to (or greater than) a preset threshold

[0195] The above-described proposals 1 and 2 may operate / implement independently, but it may also be possible to operate / implement them in a complex manner based on a combination of the two. For example, even if there are multiple terminals requiring service support in a specific service area based on information / messages received by a server from another server / RSU, the server may transmit / delivere the information / messages only to at least one terminal among the multiple terminals that satisfies conditions A, B, and / or C, only when conditions D and E related to the server's traffic / computing load are satisfied. Alternatively, if the number of connected terminals is less than or equal to a preset threshold (or the number of messages is less than or equal to a preset specific threshold, or the communication traffic of the server / cloud / MEC is less than or equal to a preset threshold traffic), the server / cloud / MEC may provide the message / information to all terminals that requested the service provision; however, if the number of connected terminals exceeds a preset threshold (or the number of messages exceeds a preset specific threshold), the server / cloud / MEC may provide the message / information only to some terminals that satisfy the aforementioned conditions A, B, and / or C.

[0196] Meanwhile, there may be situations where it is difficult to deliver information / messages to all client terminals corresponding to conditions A, B, and C because conditions D and E are not met (due to server traffic / computing load issues). In this case, the server may prioritize conditions A, B, and / or C and preferentially / selectively deliver the information / messages to terminals that satisfy the condition with the higher priority (e.g., terminals located in a specific service area that are currently receiving or intend to receive support for the relevant service). For example, the priority can be set to gradually decrease in the order of terminals without short-range communication capabilities (related to Condition A), terminals that have short-range communication capabilities but are judged to have low short-range communication quality making it difficult to receive the information / message via short-range communication (or to become difficult within a specific time set in advance) (related to Condition B), and terminals that have short-range communication capabilities (e.g., DSRC, ITS-G5 LTE / NR sidelink communication capabilities) but are judged to help secure / improve reliability from a service perspective by allowing the client terminal to receive a single information / message in duplicate using two different communication methods (related to Condition C).

[0197] The aforementioned ITS / V2X message may be a message defined in current ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) standards. For example, the ITS / V2X message may include at least one of BSM (Basic Safety Message), CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message), DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message), PSM (Personal Safety Message), VAM (Vulnerable Road User Awareness Message), SDSM (Sensor Data Sharing Message), and / or CPM (Collective Perception Message). However, the ITS / V2X message is not limited thereto and may be a message newly defined in future ITS standards, or a non-standard message used to support V2X services even if not defined by the standard.

[0198] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating how a server provides V2X communication services through a first interface.

[0199] The first device may be a server that provides V2X-related services to terminals located within its service area by linking messages transmitted through different interfaces in a hybrid V2X environment. For example, the first device may receive messages transmitted from terminals (e.g., messages having a message format used for the second interface) based on a second interface for short-range communication (e.g., PC5 interface) through the second device, and may convert the messages related to the second interfaces into messages in a message format used by a first interface for long-range communication (e.g., Uu interface) and then transmit them to surrounding terminals through the first interface. At this time, the first device may select at least one terminal among the surrounding terminals (terminals located within the service area where the first device provides V2X-related services through the first interface as described above) that satisfies a preset condition, and transmit / delivery converted messages, in which the messages are converted into messages in a message format used by the first interface (e.g., Uu interface), to (only) the at least one terminal.

[0200] Referring to FIG. 18, the first device may receive first messages containing mobility information of a plurality of terminals through a first interface (S181). Here, the first device may be a server providing V2X services through a first interface, which is a Uu interface, and the first messages may be messages transmitted by the terminals through the first interface to report their movement status. The mobility information may include, for example, location information, speed information, acceleration information, direction of travel information, heading information, angular velocity information, path information, and / or combinations thereof. The first device may identify the current location, direction of travel, driving status, and / or movement pattern of each terminal using the mobility information included in the first messages, and may perform a determination to select a terminal to be the recipient of the third message described later based on this. For example, the first device can determine whether a specific terminal is a hybrid V2X terminal that supports both a first interface and a second interface (e.g., based on device type information included in a first message), and can determine whether mobility information included in a first message transmitted by the terminal satisfies a preset condition.

[0201] The first device may receive a second message transmitted from the second device through a second interface (S183). Here, the second interface may be, for example, a PC5 interface, and the second device may be an RSU that receives messages from surrounding terminals through the PC5 interface and transmits them to the first device. For example, the second device may transmit messages received from surrounding vehicles, pedestrian terminals, bicycle terminals, motorcycle terminals, or other ITS stations through the PC5 interface to the first device through a Uu interface. The second message may be a safety-related message, a perception-related message, an event-related message, and / or a service support message generated by the second terminal, and may include ITS / V2X messages such as BSM, CAM, DENM, PSM, VAM, SDSM, and / or CPM. Additionally, the second message may be a message for providing a service having PPPP or PPPR below a preset threshold value. For example, if the above PPPP or PPPR value is below a specific threshold value, the first device may determine that the message corresponds to a message that is relatively important in terms of service priority or service reliability requirements, and determine that it is necessary to additionally deliver it to a specific terminal.

[0202] Next, the first device can convert the received second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface (S185). Here, the conversion is not limited to a simple relay operation and may include operations to reconstruct, re-encode, encapsulate, and / or map information elements of the message transmitted through the second interface into a format transmittable through the first interface. For example, the first device may generate the third message by extracting location information, driving status information, event information, sensor information, danger alert information, or service-related information of the second terminal included in the second message, and then converting it into a message structure to provide to the terminal through the first interface. At this time, the third message may be a message converted into a message format suitable for transmission based on the Uu interface, while containing information substantially identical to or corresponding to the second message. Additionally, the first device may select a terminal among the terminals that supports both the first interface and the second interface and has transmitted at least one first message containing mobility information that satisfies a preset condition among the first messages. For example, the first device may not provide the third message uniformly to all of the plurality of terminals, but may select at least one terminal among the terminals capable of hybrid V2X communication that satisfies specific conditions based on mobility information and determine / select it as the recipient of the third message.

[0203] Here, the aforementioned preset condition may be defined in various forms. For example, the first device may calculate a change in speed or angular velocity of the terminal for each of the plurality of terminals or terminals among the plurality of terminals that support both the first interface and the second interface, based on the mobility information of the terminal. If the change in speed or angular velocity is greater than or equal to a threshold change amount, it may be determined that the preset condition is satisfied. This may be a condition for additionally providing information corresponding to the second message through the first interface in situations where there is a high need for rapid and reliable acquisition of information regarding changes in surrounding conditions, such as situations where the driving state of the terminal changes abruptly, such as rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration, sharp turns, lane changes, entry into an intersection, or driving on a curved section. And / or, the preset condition may be satisfied based on the fact that the location of the terminal included in the mobility information of the terminal belongs to a preset geographical area. For example, the above geographical area may be an accident-prone area, a construction zone, a bottleneck area, a school zone, a crosswalk, an intersection, an entrance / exit road, a ramp section, or a pre-set service area. Additionally, the above pre-set condition may be satisfied based on the fact that the location of the terminal included in the mobility information of the terminal belongs to a road of a pre-defined road type. For example, the road type may include an expressway, a general road, an alley, a road where pedestrians and vehicles are mixed, a road with abrupt changes in curvature, a road with frequent changes in permissible speed, or a road with a high possibility of changes in traffic flow. Accordingly, the first device may select at least one terminal among the terminals to which the second message needs to be additionally transmitted through the first interface, by comprehensively considering the location, driving state, and road environment of the terminal.

[0204] Next, the first device can transmit the third message to at least one terminal selected among the terminals through the first interface (S187). For example, the selected terminal may be a terminal that needs to additionally receive information corresponding to the second message through the Uu interface, even though it is capable of communicating directly with a surrounding terminal or RSU through the PC5 interface, as its mobility information satisfies a preset condition. In this way, the first device can deliver information in a manner more suitable to a terminal in a specific situation by selectively providing the same or corresponding information through different interfaces in a hybrid V2X environment.

[0205] The transmission of the third message may be performed considering the resource status of the first device. For example, the third message may be transmitted restrictively to only one selected terminal when the communication traffic load of the first device exceeds a specific threshold load or when the number of multiple terminals connected to the first device exceeds a specific threshold. For example, in situations where the server's traffic load or the number of connected terminals is high, the first device may suppress a rapid increase in downlink traffic and control wireless resource usage more efficiently by selectively transmitting the third message only to terminals satisfying the preset conditions, instead of transmitting the third message to all terminals within the service area.

[0206] Alternatively, the third message may be transmitted restrictively to only at least one selected terminal when the communication traffic load of the first device is less than a specific threshold load or when the number of multiple terminals connected to the first device is less than a specific threshold number. Conversely, when the communication traffic load of the first device is greater than or equal to a specific threshold load or when the number of multiple terminals connected to the first device is greater than or equal to a specific threshold number, the first device may not perform the operation of converting the second message transmitted through the second interface into a third message and the operation of transmitting the third message through the first interface. In this case, the first device may only perform the operation of relaying the message received through the first interface to other devices through the first interface.

[0207] For example, as described above, it may be presupposed that the first device basically performs the operation of transmitting / delivering first messages containing terminal mobility information received from a plurality of terminals through the first interface to devices located in a geographical area associated with the plurality of terminals or devices subscribing to the TOPIC through the first interface. For example, regarding messages received through the Uu interface, the first device performs a service (e.g., SoftV2X service or V2N2V service) for delivering to a plurality of UEs located in an associated service area, wherein the proposed method described above (selectively transmitting to at least one terminal satisfying the preset condition) may be applied only when a message transmitted using the second interface (PC5 interface) is converted and transmitted through the first interface.

[0208] Here, where the first interface is a Uu interface and the second interface is a PC5 interface, the first device may be a server providing V2X services through the Uu interface, and the second device may be an RSU that receives messages from surrounding terminals through the PC5 interface and transmits the messages to the server through the Uu interface. In this case, the server may determine the state of each terminal using mobility information included in the first messages received from multiple terminals through the Uu interface, convert the PC5-based second message received from the RSU into a third message based on the Uu interface, and then transmit it to at least one selected terminal among the terminals. For example, the terminal may be a hybrid V2X terminal capable of directly using the first interface and the second interface, and the first device may select the terminal as the recipient of the third message by considering the terminal's speed change, angular velocity change, geographical area, road type, service priority, service reliability requirements, server communication load, and / or the number of connected terminals.

[0209] Accordingly, the first device can utilize mobility information collected from multiple terminals together with a second message received from the second device to convert a message based on the second interface into a message based on the first interface and selectively deliver it to a specific terminal in a hybrid V2X environment. Through this, the first device can perform adaptive message delivery reflecting the terminal's mobility status, road environment, service requirements, and server resource status, and enable efficient frequency usage, selective information delivery, and server load management in a hybrid V2X environment. Furthermore, by providing the second message delivered through the second interface also through the first interface, the first device can significantly improve the reliability of service provision by allowing the hybrid terminal to receive duplicate information through each of the two interfaces.

[0210] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a method for a first terminal, which is a hybrid V2X terminal, to receive V2X-related services from a first device.

[0211] The first terminal may be a terminal that supports both a first interface and a second interface in a hybrid V2X environment, and the first terminal may provide information related to its mobility status to the first device while simultaneously receiving a message directly from the second terminal through the second interface, and additionally receive a message corresponding to the information of the second terminal through the first interface when the mobility information satisfies a preset condition. Accordingly, the first terminal may receive the same or corresponding information redundantly through different communication paths, thereby securing or improving reliability from a service perspective.

[0212] Referring to FIG. 19, the first terminal can transmit a first message containing mobility information of the first terminal to a first device through a first interface (S191). Here, the first interface may be a Uu interface, and the first device may be, for example, a server providing V2X services, a cloud device, a MEC device, or a similar network-side device. Additionally, the first message may be a message containing information indicating the movement status of the first terminal, and the mobility information may include, for example, location information, speed information, acceleration information, direction of travel information, heading information, angular velocity information, driving path information, and / or a combination thereof. Accordingly, the first terminal can report its current status or driving status to the first device, and the first device can determine what situation the first terminal is in using the mobility information included in the first message. Furthermore, the first device can transmit the message of the first terminal to surrounding terminals of the first terminal through the Uu interface.

[0213] The first terminal can receive a second message containing mobility information of the second terminal from the second terminal through the second interface (S193). Here, the second interface may be a sidelink interface such as the PC5 interface as described above, and the second message may be a message directly generated by the second terminal and transmitted through the second interface. The second message may include the location, speed, direction of travel, event status, danger situation, sensor recognition result, or safety-related information of the second terminal, and may be an ITS / V2X message such as BSM, CAM, DENM, PSM, VAM, SDSM, and / or CPM. In this way, the first terminal can receive support for short-range communication-based V2V, V2P, and / or I2V services by directly obtaining information from nearby second terminals through the second interface.

[0214] As described above, the first terminal may be a hybrid terminal that supports both the first interface and the second interface. In this case, if the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfies a preset condition, the first terminal may receive a third message containing the mobility information of the second terminal through the first interface (S195). Here, the third message may be a message converted from the second message into a message format for the first interface. For example, the first device may convert the information elements of the second message received or transmitted through the second interface into a message format transmittable through the first interface, and then transmit it to the first terminal through the first interface. For instance, the third message may be a message that includes the location information, speed information, direction of travel information, event information, and / or safety-related information of the second terminal included in the second message, while being reconstructed into a format suitable for transmission through the Uu interface.

[0215] As described above, the preset condition may be a condition for determining a situation where receiving additional information through the first interface is necessary or advantageous, in addition to the information received by the first terminal through the second interface. For example, based on the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message, if the change in speed or angular velocity of the first terminal is greater than or equal to a threshold change amount, the preset condition may be determined to be satisfied. This is because when the first terminal is in a dynamic driving situation such as rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration, rapid turning, or rapid change of direction, it is necessary to secure information about surrounding terminals more reliably. Additionally, the preset condition may be satisfied if the location of the first terminal belongs to a predefined geographical area. For example, the geographical area may be an accident-prone area, a bottleneck section, a school zone, a crosswalk, an intersection, a ramp section, a construction zone, or a danger zone. Additionally, the preset condition may be satisfied if the location of the first terminal belongs to a road of a predefined road type. For example, the above road type may be a road with a sharp curvature, a road where the permissible speed changes, a road where pedestrians and vehicles are mixed, an entry / exit section between an expressway and a general road, or a road with a high possibility of traffic flow changes. These conditions may be used as criteria to determine whether the first terminal requires a higher level of service reliability in a specific situation.

[0216] On the one hand, the first terminal can directly receive a second message from the second terminal through the second interface, and on the other hand, can additionally receive a third message corresponding to the second message through the first interface. Accordingly, the first terminal can receive identical or corresponding mobility information of the second terminal redundantly through two different communication methods. For example, even if situations such as degraded wireless channel quality, increased interference, increased communication distance, entry into the sidelink coverage boundary, packet loss, or temporary link instability occur during the direct reception process through the second interface, the first terminal can continue to obtain information regarding the second terminal by utilizing the third message received through the first interface. Conversely, even in the event of transmission delays or changes in network conditions through the first interface, the first terminal can utilize the second message directly received through the second interface. Accordingly, the first terminal can secure or improve reliability from a service perspective by obtaining information corresponding to a single piece of information or a single message through multiple paths.

[0217] Thus, the proposed invention can reduce unnecessary message transmission and improve frequency usage efficiency and server load management efficiency by converting a second interface-based message into a first interface-based message based on the mobility information of a terminal and transmitting it only to a selective target terminal. And / or, the proposed invention can secure or improve reliability from a service perspective by combining direct reception through the second interface and converted message reception through the first interface to enable duplicate reception of identical or corresponding information.

[0218] Example of a communication system to which the invention is applied

[0219] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of the invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0220] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0221] FIG. 20 illustrates a communication system to which the present invention is applied.

[0222] Referring to FIG. 20, the communication system (1) to which the present invention applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0223] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0224] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present invention, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0225] Example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied

[0226] FIG. 21 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

[0227] Referring to FIG. 21, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 20.

[0228] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chipset.

[0229] A first wireless device or a first device (100) may include at least one processor (102) connected to a transceiver (106) and at least one memory (104). The at least one memory (104) may include at least one program that enables the at least one processor (102) to perform operations for the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19 in the section “Message linkage method of a server for transmission efficiency in Hybrid V2X”. The operations include receiving first messages containing mobility information of terminals from terminals through a first interface, receiving a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface, converting the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface, and transmitting the third message to at least one terminal selected among the terminals through the first interface, wherein the at least one terminal may be a terminal that supports the first interface and the second interface and has transmitted at least one first message containing mobility information that satisfies a preset condition among the first messages.

[0230] Alternatively, at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium may have at least one program recorded thereon that causes the above operations to be performed. Alternatively, the processing device may include at least one processor (102) and at least one memory (104) connected to at least one processor (102) and storing at least one program that causes the first device to perform the above operations when executed by at least one processor.

[0231] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In the present invention, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0232] The second wireless device or the first terminal (200) may include at least one processor (202) connected to a transceiver (206) and at least one memory (204). The at least one memory (204) may include at least one program that enables the at least one processor (202) to perform operations for the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19 in the section “Message linkage method of a server for transmission efficiency in Hybrid V2X”. The above operations include transmitting a first message containing mobility information of a first terminal to a first device through a first interface, receiving a second message containing mobility information of a second terminal from a second terminal through a second interface, and receiving a third message containing mobility information of a second terminal through the first interface based on the first terminal supporting the first interface and the second interface and the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfying a preset condition, wherein the third message may be a message converted from the second message into a message format for the first interface.

[0233] Alternatively, at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium may have at least one program recorded thereon that enables the operation described above. Alternatively, the processing device may include at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204) connected to at least one processor (202) and storing at least one program that enables a first terminal to perform the operation described above when executed by at least one processor.

[0234] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0235] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0236] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0237] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0238] Examples of wireless device applications to which the present invention is applied

[0239] FIG. 22 illustrates another example of a wireless device to which the present invention applies. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 20).

[0240] Referring to FIG. 22, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 21 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 22. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 21. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0241] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 20, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 20, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 20, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 20, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 20, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 20, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 20, 400), a base station (Fig. 20, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0242] In FIG. 22, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least a portion may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0243] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0244] FIG. 23 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention applies. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc.

[0245] Referring to FIG. 23, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d each correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 22.

[0246] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside base stations (Roadside units), etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100). The control unit (120) may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The driving unit (140a) may include an engine, motor, power train, wheels, brakes, steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, technologies for automatically driving along a predetermined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set.

[0247] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server non-periodically and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Additionally, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving path, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0248] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) with consideration for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0249] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of the present invention in a specific form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, it is possible to construct embodiments of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims, or that new claims may be included by amendment after filing.

[0250] In this document, embodiments of the present invention are described primarily with a focus on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is extended in the same or similar manner to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or between a base station and a relay. Specific operations described in this document as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node. That is, it is self-evident that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network consisting of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. Additionally, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), and Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS).

[0251] Embodiments according to the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of implementation by hardware, one embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0252] In the case of implementation by firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, procedure, function, etc., that performs the functions or operations described above. Software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor by various means already known.

[0253] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects but should be considered exemplary. The scope of the invention shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the invention are included within the scope of the invention.

[0254] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. In the method using the first device, A step of receiving first messages from terminals containing mobility information of the terminals through a first interface; A step of receiving a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface; A step of converting the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface; and The method includes the step of transmitting the third message to at least one terminal selected among the terminals through the first interface, A method wherein at least one terminal supports the first interface and the second interface, and transmits at least one first message including mobility information that satisfies a preset condition among the first messages.

2. In Paragraph 1, The method further includes a step of calculating a change in speed or a change in angular velocity of the terminal based on mobility information of the terminal. A method in which the above preset condition is satisfied based on the fact that the speed change or angular velocity change of the terminal is greater than or equal to a threshold change amount.

3. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above-mentioned preset condition is satisfied based on the fact that the location of the terminal included in the mobility information of the terminal belongs to a preset geographical area.

4. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the above-mentioned preset condition is satisfied based on the fact that the location of the terminal included in the mobility information of the terminal belongs to a road of a preset road type.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the third message is transmitted only to at least one selected terminal based on whether the communication traffic load of the first device is greater than or equal to a specific threshold load, or whether the number of multiple terminals connected to the first device is greater than or equal to a specific threshold number.

6. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the second message above is a message for providing a service having PPPP (ProSe Per-Packet Priority) or PPPR (ProSe Per-Packet Reliability) below a preset threshold value.

7. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the first interface is a Uu interface and the second interface is a PC5 interface.

8. In Paragraph 7, The first device is a server that provides V2X (Vehicle to Everything) services through the Uu interface, and A method in which the second device is an RSU (road side unit) that receives messages from surrounding terminals through the PC5 interface and transmits the messages to the first device through the Uu interface.

9. In at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium, Includes instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above operations are, Receiving first messages from terminals containing terminal mobility information through a first interface; Receiving a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface; Converting the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface; and It includes transmitting the third message to at least one terminal selected among the terminals through the first interface, and At least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium, wherein the at least one terminal supports the first interface and the second interface, and is a terminal that transmits at least one first message including mobility information satisfying a preset condition among the first messages.

10. In the first device, RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; A processor connected to the above RF transceiver; and A memory comprising at least one program that performs operations when executed by the above processor; and The above operations are, Control the above RF transceiver to receive first messages containing terminal mobility information from terminals through a first interface; Control the above RF transceiver to receive a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface; Converting the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface; and It includes controlling the RF transceiver to transmit the third message to at least one terminal selected among the terminals through the first interface, and A first device, wherein at least one terminal supports the first interface and the second interface, and is a terminal that transmits at least one first message including mobility information satisfying a preset condition among the first messages.

11. In a processing device that controls the first device, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions connected to the above at least one processor and performing operations when executed by the at least one processor, The above operations cause the first device: Receiving first messages from terminals containing terminal mobility information through a first interface; Receiving a second message transmitted from a second device through a second interface; Converting the second message into a third message in a message format for the first interface; and It includes transmitting the third message to at least one terminal selected among the terminals through the first interface, and A processing device wherein at least one terminal supports the first interface and the second interface, and is a terminal that transmits at least one first message including mobility information satisfying a preset condition among the first messages.

12. In the method by the first terminal, A step of transmitting a first message containing mobility information of a first terminal to a first device through a first interface; A step of receiving a second message including mobility information of the second terminal from the second terminal through a second interface; and The method includes the step of receiving a third message containing mobility information of the second terminal through the first interface, based on the first terminal supporting the first interface and the second interface, and the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfying a preset condition. A method in which the third message is a message converted from the second message into a message format for the first interface.

13. In at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium, Includes instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above operations are, Transmitting a first message containing mobility information of a first terminal to a first device through a first interface; Receiving a second message including mobility information of the second terminal from the second terminal through the second interface; and The first terminal supports the first interface and the second interface, and based on the fact that the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfies a preset condition, the method includes receiving a third message containing mobility information of the second terminal through the first interface. At least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium, wherein the third message is a message converted from the second message into a message format for the first interface.

14. In the first terminal, RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; A processor connected to the above RF transceiver; and The memory includes at least one program that performs operations when executed by the above processor, and The above operations are, Transmitting a first message containing mobility information of a first terminal to a first device through a first interface; Receiving a second message including mobility information of the second terminal from the second terminal through the second interface; and The first terminal supports the first interface and the second interface, and based on the fact that the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfies a preset condition, the method includes receiving a third message containing mobility information of the second terminal through the first interface. The above third message is a first terminal that is a message converted from the above second message into a message format for the first interface.

15. In a processing device for controlling a first terminal, At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions connected to the above at least one processor and performing operations when executed by the at least one processor, The above operations cause the first terminal: Transmitting a first message containing mobility information of a first terminal to a first device through a first interface; Receiving a second message including mobility information of the second terminal from the second terminal through the second interface; and The first terminal supports the first interface and the second interface, and based on the fact that the mobility information of the first terminal included in the first message satisfies a preset condition, the method includes receiving a third message containing the mobility information of the second terminal through the first interface. A processing device wherein the third message is a message that converts the second message into a message in a message format for the first interface.

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