Laver with reduced harmful substances and land-based aquaculture cultivation method for reducing harmful substances in laver

Abstract

The present invention relates to laver with reduced harmful substances and a land-based aquaculture cultivation method for reducing harmful substances in laver. When the land-based aquaculture cultivation method of the present invention is used, water treatment can fundamentally block seawater-derived heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury) and iodine from entry into laver while improving the growth rate, chlorophyll content, and leaf color quality of laver.

Description

Seaweed with reduced harmful substances and land-based cultivation method for reducing harmful substances in seaweed

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0040495 dated March 28, 2025, and all contents disclosed in the document of said Korean Patent Application are incorporated as part of this application.

[0002] Throughout this application, numerous papers and patent documents are referenced and cited. The disclosures of the cited papers and patent documents are incorporated by reference into this application in their entirety to more clearly explain the state of the art to which the present invention pertains and the content of the present invention.

[0003] This invention relates to seaweed with reduced harmful substances and a land-based cultivation method for reducing harmful substances in seaweed.

[0004] Gim (seaweed) belongs to the Kingdom Plantae, Division Rhodophyta, Class Rhodophyceae, Order Bangiales, and Family Bangiacea, with approximately 140 species known worldwide. The main types of gim cultivated in Korea are *Pyropia yezoensis*, *Pyropia dentata*, and *Pyropia seriata*, mostly produced via marine aquaculture along the southern and western coasts. Gim is known to be an effective food for preventing vascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis and hypertension, as well as adult diseases and aging, due to its rich nutritional content including protein, fiber, Vitamin A, calcium, and iron. Furthermore, its excellent taste and aroma, combined with its low calorie content, have established it as a widely consumed daily food.

[0005] Over the past 15 years, Korea's farmed laver production has increased from 220,000 tons to 530,000 tons (as of 2023), and exports have exceeded $700 million (as of 2023), strengthening its competitiveness in the global market. However, the production stability of offshore aquaculture is being undermined by various environmental issues, including abnormal temperatures, nutrient shortages, damage to facilities caused by typhoons and fishing vessel intrusions, aging of aquaculture grounds, various diseases, excessive use of active treatment agents, and the accumulation of harmful substances. In particular, regarding the accumulation of harmful substances, import bans and return shipments of Korean seaweed are occurring frequently as international regulations on heavy metal and iodine content standards are tightened. These issues are acting as major factors threatening the sustainability of the domestic seaweed industry.

[0006] Land-based seaweed farming is attracting attention as an alternative to address the problems associated with marine farming. Land-based farming offers the potential to overcome the environmental constraints encountered in marine cultivation and is evaluated as an effective method for resolving the issue of harmful substance accumulation, particularly because it allows for the artificial control of culture water quality. Land-based farming enables more stable management of the seaweed growth environment and can improve the quality and productivity of the seaweed by controlling the temperature, nutrient concentration, and water quality of the culture water.

[0007] However, operating large-scale land-based laver farming requires a large volume of seawater, and to reduce costs, seawater is often drawn from the ocean. This process increases the likelihood of seawater already contaminated with harmful substances entering the system, and as the laver grows, it absorbs these substances from the seawater and accumulates them within its cells. Since removing these accumulated harmful substances can negatively impact the quality and growth of the laver, it is essential to develop technology that removes these substances through water treatment at the stage before the water is used as culture medium, thereby leveraging the unique characteristics of land-based laver farming.

[0008] The present invention aims to maintain the quality of seaweed and create a safe production environment by effectively reducing harmful substances in the culture water through the land-based cultivation method and its characteristics.

[0009]

[0010] [Prior Art Literature]

[0011] [Patent Literature]

[0012] (Patent Document 01) Republic of Korea Registered Patent No. 10-1221543

[0013] The objective of the present application is a step of producing treated water by treating seawater;

[0014] A step of preparing culture water by adding an iron-containing medium to the above-mentioned treated water; and

[0015] A step comprising culturing seaweed in the above culture water,

[0016] This provides a method for cultivating seaweed on land.

[0017] Another objective of the present application is to provide seaweed produced by the above-described cultivation method and a food product containing the same.

[0018] Another object of the present application is to provide a culture medium composition for land-based cultivation of seaweed comprising NaNO3, Na2HPO4·12H2O, and iron.

[0019] This is explained in detail as follows. Meanwhile, each description and embodiment disclosed in this application may be applied to other descriptions and embodiments. That is, all combinations of the various elements disclosed in this application fall within the scope of this application. Furthermore, the scope of this application should not be considered limited by the specific descriptions provided below. Additionally, numerous papers and patent documents are referenced and cited throughout this specification. The disclosures of the cited papers and patent documents are incorporated by reference into this specification in their entirety to more clearly explain the state of the art to which the present invention pertains and the content of the present invention.

[0020]

[0021] According to one aspect of the present application, the present application comprises the step of treating seawater to produce treated water;

[0022] A step of preparing culture water by adding an iron-containing medium to the above-mentioned treated water; and

[0023] A step comprising culturing seaweed in the above culture water,

[0024] Provides a method for cultivating seaweed on land.

[0025] In one embodiment, the seawater may be natural seawater or artificial seawater, and the artificial seawater may be seawater prepared by dissolving artificial seawater salt in, for example, distilled water or deionized water, and may be seawater adjusted so that the salinity concentration, ion composition, and osmotic pressure are substantially similar to natural seawater.

[0026] In this application, water treatment refers to a physical, chemical, and / or physicochemical treatment process performed to remove, separate, or adjust the composition of dissolved and / or suspended components in seawater. In one embodiment, the water treatment may be a process for producing treated water suitable for land-based seaweed cultivation by removing or reducing harmful substances, heavy metals, impurities, and / or harmful ionic components present in seawater. In particular, in one embodiment, the water treatment may be a treatment for reducing heavy metals present in seawater.

[0027] In one embodiment, the water treatment may be performed by one or more methods selected from the group consisting of sedimentation, coagulation, ion exchange, and adsorption, and more specifically, by ion exchange, adsorption, or a combination thereof.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the water treatment may be performed by an adsorption method. The adsorption method may be performed using an iron-based adsorbent. The iron-based adsorbent is a general term for an adsorbent that contains an iron (Fe) element in its structure or supports iron ions, and is not limited to its form or crystal structure. Specifically, the iron-based adsorbent may include at least one selected from zero-valent iron, iron oxides, iron hydroxides, iron oxide hydroxides, iron sulfides, iron phosphates, and complexes thereof. In one example, the iron-based adsorbent may be an adsorbent containing iron oxide and / or iron hydroxide, more specifically an adsorbent containing Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeOOH and / or Fe(OH)3, even more specifically a Bayoxide-based adsorbent, and even more specifically a Bayoxide E33 HC, but is not limited thereto.

[0029] In one embodiment, the treated water may have a reduced heavy metal content due to water treatment. In a specific embodiment, the treated water may have a reduced heavy metal content compared to untreated seawater and / or natural seawater.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, the heavy metal may be one or more selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury, but is not limited thereto.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the lead content of the treated water may be reduced compared to untreated seawater and / or natural seawater, and more specifically, the lead content may be reduced by 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 80% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the concentration of lead in the treated water may be 0.10 μg / L or less, 0.08 μg / L or less, 0.06 μg / L or less, 0.04 μg / L or less, or 0.02 μg / L or less, but is not limited thereto (the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 0.005 μg / L or more, 0.01 μg / L or more, but is not limited thereto).

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the cadmium content of the treated water may be reduced compared to untreated seawater and / or natural seawater, and more specifically, the cadmium content may be reduced by 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 85% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the concentration of cadmium in the treated water may be 0.06 μg / L or less, 0.04 μg / L or less, 0.02 μg / L or less, 0.01 μg / L or less, or 0.008 μg / L or less, but is not limited thereto (the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 0.001 μg / L or more, 0.002 μg / L or more, or 0.003 μg / L or more, but is not limited thereto).

[0035] In a specific embodiment, the arsenic content of the treated water may be reduced compared to untreated seawater and / or natural seawater, and more specifically, the arsenic content may be reduced by 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 85% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, the concentration of arsenic in the treated water may be 1.5 μg / L or less, 1 μg / L or less, 0.5 μg / L or less, or 0.2 μg / L or less, but is not limited thereto (the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be, for example, 0.05 μg / L or more, 0.01 μg / L or more, or 0.0125 μg / L or more, but is not limited thereto).

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the mercury content of the treated water may be reduced compared to untreated seawater and / or natural seawater, and more specifically, the mercury content may be reduced by 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, or 70% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, 75% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less, 40% or less, 20% or less, or 15% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, the concentration of mercury in the treated water may be 0.0008 ng / L or less, 0.00075 ng / L or less, or 0.0007 ng / L or less, but is not limited thereto (the lower limit is not specifically limited and may be, for example, 0.0004 ng / L or more, 0.0005 ng / L or more, or 0.0006 ng / L or more, but is not limited thereto).

[0039]

[0040] As described above, by reducing the content of one or more heavy metals selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in the treated water, the phenomenon of harmful substances accumulating in the seaweed thallus from the treated water or culture water during the growth process of seaweed can be suppressed, and a stable land-based aquaculture production environment can be created that prevents the deterioration of seaweed quality and improves food safety.

[0041] In one embodiment, the cultivation method of the present application may include, after the step of preparing treated water by treating the seawater, a step of additionally adding one or more trace elements selected from the group consisting of zinc, copper, cobalt, iron, and manganese to the treated water. By additionally adding the trace elements, the leaf color quality of the laver, which has deteriorated due to the reduction in the trace element content in the treated water caused by water treatment, can be restored.

[0042]

[0043] In this application, the "iron" is Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ It is used in the sense of encompassing iron ions such as those mentioned above, or iron compounds capable of providing said iron ions in culture water.

[0044] In one embodiment, the medium may contain iron in one or more forms selected from the group consisting of FeSO4, FeCl2, and FeCl3, but is not limited thereto. The FeSO4, FeCl2, or FeCl3 may include not only anhydrous forms but also hydrate forms such as FeSO4·7H2O, FeCl2·4H2O, and FeCl3·6H2O.

[0045] In one embodiment, the medium may contain iron at a concentration of 0.01 μM to 20 μM, and more specifically, 0.01 μM to 20 μM, 0.01 μM to 15 μM, 0.01 μM to 10 μM, 0.01 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.01 μM to 5 μM, 0.01 μM to 4 μM, 0.01 μM to 3 μM, 0.01 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.01 μM to 2 μM, 0.01 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.01 μM to 1 μM, 0.05 μM to 20 μM, 0.05 μM to 15 μM, 0.05 μM to 10 μM, 0.05 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 5 μM, 0.05 μM to 4 μM, 0.05 μM to 3 μM, 0.05 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 2 μM, 0.05 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 1 μM, 0.1 μM to 20 μM, 0.1 μM to 15 μM, 0.1 μM to 10 μM, 0.1 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.1 μM to 5 μM, 0.1 μM to 4 μM, 0.1 μM to 3 μM, 0.1 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.1 μM to 2 μM, 0.1 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.1 μM to 1 μM, 0.25 μM to 20 μM, 0.25 μM to 15 μM, 0.25 μM to 10 μM, 0.25 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.25 μM to 5 μM, 0.25 μM to 4 μM, 0.25 μM to 3 μM, 0.25 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.25 μM to 2 μM, 0.25 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.25 μM to 1 μM, 0.5 μM to 20 μM, 0.5 μM to 15 μM, 0.5 μM to 10 μM, 0.5 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.5 μM to 5 μM, 0.5 μM to 4 μM, 0.5 μM to 3 μM, 0.5 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.5 μM to 2 μM, 0.5 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.5 μM to 1 μM, 0.75 μM to 20 μM, 0.75 μM to 15 μM, 0.75 μM to 10 μM, 0.75 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.75 μM to 5 μM, 0.75 μM to 4 μM, 0.75 μM to 3 μM, 0.75 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.75 μM to 2 μM, 0.75 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.75 μM to 1 μM, 1 μM to 20 μM, 1 μM to 15 μM, 1 μM to 10 μM, 1 μM to 7.5 μM, 1 μM to 5 μM, 1 μM to 4 μM, 1 μM to 3 μM, 1 It may be included at a concentration of μM to 2.5 μM, 1 μM to 2 μM, or 1 μM to 1.5 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0046] In one embodiment, when using the above medium, the growth rate of seaweed may be increased. In a specific embodiment, when using the above medium, the growth rate of seaweed may be increased compared to when using a medium that does not contain iron, and more specifically, the growth rate of seaweed may be increased by 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, or 80% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 200% or less, 150% or less, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 87% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0047] In the present application, the growth rate of seaweed may be evaluated using an increase in leaf length, an increase in fresh weight, or a daily relative growth rate (Specific Growth Rate, SGR) as an indicator, but is not limited thereto.

[0048] In one embodiment, when using the medium, the chlorophyll content (e.g., Chlorophyll a) of the seaweed may be increased. In a specific embodiment, when using the medium, the chlorophyll content of the seaweed may be increased compared to when using a medium that does not contain iron, and more specifically, the chlorophyll content of the seaweed may be increased to 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 100% or more, 105% or more, or 110% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 200% or less, 150% or less, 120% or less, 115% or less, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 87% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0049] In one embodiment, when the above-mentioned culture medium is used, the leaf color of the seaweed can be improved. In a specific embodiment, when the above-mentioned culture medium is used, the leaf color of the seaweed can be improved compared to when an iron-free culture medium is used.

[0050] In the present application, "improvement of leaf color of seaweed" may mean a state in which the color tone of the seaweed thallus is restored or maintained to a natural leaf color of reddish-brown to reddish-brown, in a state in which the color tone of the seaweed thallus exhibits browning, whitening, or fading or light browning, and this may be evaluated through changes in color tone by visual observation, an increase in the content of pigments (Chlorophyll a, Phycoerythrin (PE), Phycocyanin (PC)), and / or an improvement in color uniformity.

[0051] In one embodiment, the medium may additionally include one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt, but is not limited thereto.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the medium may contain zinc in the form of ZnSO4 or its hydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O), but is not limited thereto. In a specific embodiment, the medium may contain zinc at a concentration of 0.05 μM to 1 μM, 0.05 μM to 0.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 0.2 μM, or 0.05 μM to 0.1 μM, e.g., 0.1 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, the medium may contain manganese in the form of MnCl2 or its hydrate (MnCl2·7H2O), but is not limited thereto. In a specific embodiment, the medium may contain manganese at a concentration of 0.05 μM to 1 μM, 0.05 μM to 0.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 0.2 μM, or 0.05 μM to 0.1 μM, e.g. 0.1 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0054]

[0055] In one embodiment, the medium may additionally contain a nitrogen source and a phosphate.

[0056] The above nitrogen source may be at least one inorganic nitrogen source selected from the group consisting of NaNO3, KNO3, NH4NO3, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NH4H2PO4, NH4OH, and urea, or at least one organic nitrogen source selected from the group consisting of yeast extract, peptone, casein hydrolysate, and soybean flour, but is not limited thereto. More specifically, the nitrogen source may be NaNO3, but is not limited thereto. In a specific embodiment, the medium may contain NaNO3 in an amount of 100 μM to 1000 μM, 250 μM to 750 μM, or 300 μM to 600 μM, e.g. 500 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0057] The above phosphate can supply phosphorus (P) components and simultaneously contribute to buffering to regulate the pH of the medium. Specifically, the above phosphate may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4, and hydrates thereof. More specifically, the above phosphate may be Na2HPO4·12H2O, but is not limited thereto. In a specific embodiment, the medium may contain Na2HPO4·12H2O in an amount of 3 μM to 50 μM, 10 to 40 μM, 20 μM to 35 μM, e.g. 30 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0058]

[0059] In one embodiment, the laver may be Pyropia yezoensis, Pyropia dentata, Pyropia seriata, Porphyra tenera, Pyropia suborbiculata, or Pyropia pseudolinearis, and may be, for example, Pyropia yezoensis, but is not limited thereto.

[0060] In one embodiment, the growth rate of seaweed can be increased by the cultivation method of the present application. In a specific embodiment, compared to seaweed cultured by the culture method of the present application, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured according to a conventional land-based aquaculture method, and / or seaweed cultured using conventional seawater as is, the growth rate of the seaweed may be increased, and more specifically, the growth rate of the seaweed may be increased by 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, or 80% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 200% or less, 150% or less, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 87% or less, etc.), but the growth rate of the seaweed may be increased. It is not limited to this. Accordingly, other aspects of the present application may provide a method for increasing the growth rate of laver and / or a method for producing laver with an increased growth rate.

[0061] In the present application, the growth rate of seaweed may be evaluated using an increase in leaf length, an increase in fresh weight, or a daily relative growth rate (Specific Growth Rate, SGR) as an indicator, but is not limited thereto.

[0062] In one embodiment, the chlorophyll (e.g., Chlorophyll a) content of seaweed can be increased by the cultivation method of the present application. In a specific embodiment, compared to seaweed cultured by the culture method of the present application, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured according to a conventional land-based culture method, and / or seaweed cultured using conventional seawater as is, the chlorophyll content of the seaweed may be increased, and more specifically, the chlorophyll content of the seaweed may be 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 100% or more, 105% or more, or 110% or more (the upper limit is not particularly limited, (It may be increased to 200% or less, 150% or less, 120% or less, 115% or less, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 87% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto. Accordingly, other aspects of the present application may provide a method for increasing chlorophyll in seaweed and / or a method for producing seaweed with increased chlorophyll.

[0063] In one embodiment, the leaf color of laver can be improved by the cultivation method of the present application. In a specific embodiment, the leaf color of laver cultivated by the cultivation method of the present application can be improved compared to laver cultivated under cultivation conditions using untreated seawater, laver cultivated under cultivation conditions using culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), laver cultivated under cultivation conditions using untreated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), laver cultivated according to a conventional land-based cultivation method, and / or laver cultivated using conventional seawater as is. Accordingly, another aspect of the present application may provide a method for improving the leaf color of laver and / or a method for producing laver with improved dyeing.

[0064] In one embodiment, the content of one or more heavy metals selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in seaweed may be reduced by the cultivation method of the present application. In a specific embodiment, seaweed cultivated by the cultivation method of the present application may have a reduced content of one or more heavy metals selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury compared to seaweed cultivated under cultivation conditions using untreated seawater, seaweed cultivated under cultivation conditions using culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultivated under cultivation conditions using untreated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultivated according to a conventional land-based cultivation method, and / or seaweed cultivated using conventional seawater as is. Accordingly, another aspect of the present application may provide a method for reducing the heavy metal content of seaweed and / or a method for producing seaweed with reduced heavy metal content. At this time, the heavy metal may be one or more selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury, but is not limited thereto.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the lead content of seaweed cultured by the culture method of the present application may be reduced compared to seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured according to a conventional land-based culture method, and / or seaweed cultured using conventional seawater as is, and more specifically, the lead content may be reduced by 50% or more, 60% or more, or 65% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, or 70% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, compared to seaweed cultured by the culture method of the present application, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured according to a conventional land-based culture method, and / or seaweed cultured using conventional seawater as is, the cadmium content may be reduced, and more specifically, the cadmium content may be reduced by 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, or 60% or more (the upper limit is not particularly limited and may be 100% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, or 65% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, compared to seaweed cultured by the culture method of the present application, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured according to a conventional land-based culture method, and / or seaweed cultured using conventional seawater as is, the arsenic content may be reduced, and more specifically, the arsenic content may be reduced by 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, or 93% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0068] In one embodiment, the iodine content of seaweed can be reduced by the cultivation method of the present application. In a specific embodiment, compared to seaweed cultured by the culture method of the present application, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater, seaweed cultured under culture conditions using culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured under culture conditions using untreated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), seaweed cultured according to a conventional land-based aquaculture method, and / or seaweed cultured using conventional seawater as is, the iodine content of the seaweed may be reduced, and more specifically, the iodine content of the seaweed may be 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, or 60% or more (the upper limit is not particularly limited, 100% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less The iodine content may be reduced to less than or less than 65%, etc., but is not limited thereto. Accordingly, other aspects of the present application may provide a method for reducing the iodine content of seaweed and / or a method for producing seaweed with reduced iodine content.

[0069]

[0070] According to another aspect of the present application, the present application provides seaweed produced by the above-described cultivation method.

[0071] In one embodiment, the seaweed may have an increased growth rate compared to seaweed cultured under conditions using water-treated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), and more specifically, the growth rate may be increased by 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, or 80% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 200% or less, 150% or less, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 87% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0072] In one embodiment, the seaweed may have an increased chlorophyll (e.g., Chlorophyll a) content compared to seaweed cultured under conditions using water-treated seawater and culture water that does not contain the medium (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron), and more specifically, the chlorophyll content may be increased to 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 100% or more, 105% or more, or 110% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 200% or less, 150% or less, 120% or less, 115% or less, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 87% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0073] In one embodiment, the laver may have improved leaf color compared to laver cultured under culture conditions using water-treated seawater (e.g., culture water containing a medium that does not contain iron) using culture water that does not contain the medium.

[0074] In one embodiment, the seaweed may have a reduced content of one or more heavy metals selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury compared to seaweed cultured under conditions using untreated seawater.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the lead content of the seaweed may be reduced compared to seaweed cultured under cultivation conditions using untreated seawater, and more specifically, the lead content may be reduced by 50% or more, 60% or more, or 65% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, or 70% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the above-mentioned seaweed may have a reduced cadmium content compared to seaweed cultured under cultivation conditions using untreated seawater, and more specifically, the cadmium content may be reduced by 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, or 60% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, or 65% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, the seaweed may have a reduced arsenic content compared to seaweed cultured under conditions using untreated seawater, and more specifically, the arsenic content may be reduced by 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, or 93% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0078] In one embodiment, the seaweed may have a reduced iodine content compared to seaweed cultured under conditions using untreated seawater, and more specifically, the iodine content may be reduced by 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, or 60% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 100% or less, 90% or less, 80% or less, 70% or less, or 65% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto.

[0079] According to another aspect of the present application, the present application provides a food product comprising the above-mentioned seaweed. In one embodiment, the food product may be a processed seaweed food product. More specifically, the processed seaweed food product may include, but is not limited to, dried seaweed, seasoned seaweed, roasted seaweed, seaweed chips, seasoned seaweed flakes, and seaweed powder.

[0080] Since the laver and food containing laver of the present application are produced by the above-described cultivation method, matters concerning the characteristics of laver, the type of laver, cultivation conditions, water treatment conditions, culture medium composition, harmful substance reduction characteristics, and other related compositions are as described above in the land-based cultivation method of laver, which is another embodiment of the present application.

[0081]

[0082] According to another aspect of the present application, the present application provides a culture medium composition for land-based cultivation of seaweed comprising NaNO3, Na2HPO4·12H2O and iron.

[0083] In the culture medium composition of the present application, the details regarding "iron" are as described in the culture method, which is another aspect of the present application.

[0084] In one embodiment, the culture medium composition may include iron in one or more forms selected from the group consisting of FeSO4, FeCl2, and FeCl3, but is not limited thereto. The FeSO4, FeCl2, or FeCl3 may include not only anhydrous forms but also hydrate forms such as FeSO4·7H2O, FeCl2·4H2O, and FeCl3·6H2O.

[0085] In one embodiment, the culture medium composition may contain iron at a concentration of 0.01 μM to 20 μM, and more specifically, 0.01 μM to 20 μM, 0.01 μM to 15 μM, 0.01 μM to 10 μM, 0.01 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.01 μM to 5 μM, 0.01 μM to 4 μM, 0.01 μM to 3 μM, 0.01 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.01 μM to 2 μM, 0.01 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.01 μM to 1 μM, 0.05 μM to 20 μM, 0.05 μM to 15 μM, 0.05 μM to 10 μM, 0.05 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 5 μM, 0.05 μM to 4 μM, 0.05 μM to 3 μM, 0.05 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 2 μM, 0.05 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 1 μM, 0.1 μM to 20 μM, 0.1 μM to 15 μM, 0.1 μM to 10 μM, 0.1 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.1 μM to 5 μM, 0.1 μM to 4 μM, 0.1 μM to 3 μM, 0.1 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.1 μM to 2 μM, 0.1 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.1 μM to 1 μM, 0.25 μM to 20 μM, 0.25 μM to 15 μM, 0.25 μM to 10 μM, 0.25 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.25 μM to 5 μM, 0.25 μM to 4 μM, 0.25 μM to 3 μM, 0.25 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.25 μM to 2 μM, 0.25 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.25 μM to 1 μM, 0.5 μM to 20 μM, 0.5 μM to 15 μM, 0.5 μM to 10 μM, 0.5 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.5 μM to 5 μM, 0.5 μM to 4 μM, 0.5 μM to 3 μM, 0.5 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.5 μM to 2 μM, 0.5 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.5 μM to 1 μM, 0.75 μM to 20 μM, 0.75 μM to 15 μM, 0.75 μM to 10 μM, 0.75 μM to 7.5 μM, 0.75 μM to 5 μM, 0.75 μM to 4 μM, 0.75 μM to 3 μM, 0.75 μM to 2.5 μM, 0.75 μM to 2 μM, 0.75 μM to 1.5 μM, 0.75 μM to 1 μM, 1 μM to 20 μM, 1 μM to 15 μM, 1 μM to 10 μM, 1 μM to 7.5 μM, 1 μM to 5 μM, 1 μM to 4 μM, 1 μM to It may be included at a concentration of 3 μM, 1 μM to 2.5 μM, 1 μM to 2 μM, or 1 μM to 1.5 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0086]

[0087] In one embodiment, when the above-described culture medium composition is used, the growth rate of seaweed may be increased. In a specific embodiment, when the above-described culture medium composition is used, the growth rate of seaweed may be increased compared to when an iron-free culture medium is used, and more specifically, the growth rate of seaweed may be increased by 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, or 80% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 200% or less, 150% or less, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 87% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto. Accordingly, another aspect of the present application may provide a composition for increasing the growth rate of seaweed.

[0088] In one embodiment, when the above-mentioned culture medium composition is used, the chlorophyll (e.g., Chlorophyll a) content of seaweed may be increased. In a specific embodiment, when using the above-described culture medium composition, the chlorophyll content of the seaweed may be increased compared to when using a culture medium that does not contain iron, and more specifically, the chlorophyll content of the seaweed may be increased to 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 100% or more, 105% or more, or 110% or more (the upper limit is not specifically limited and may be 200% or less, 150% or less, 120% or less, 115% or less, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 87% or less, etc.), but is not limited thereto. Accordingly, another aspect of the present application may provide a composition for increasing the chlorophyll content of seaweed.

[0089] In one embodiment, when the above-described culture medium composition is used, the leaf color of the laver can be improved. In a specific embodiment, when the above-described culture medium composition is used, the leaf color of the laver can be improved compared to when an iron-free culture medium is used. Accordingly, another aspect of the present application may provide a composition for improving the leaf color of laver.

[0090] "Improvement of leaf color of seaweed" is as described in the land-based cultivation method of the present application above.

[0091] In the present application, "iron-free medium" may be a medium that does not contain iron and contains NaNO3, Na2HPO4·12H2O, but is not limited thereto.

[0092] In one embodiment, the culture medium composition may additionally include one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt, but is not limited thereto.

[0093] In a specific embodiment, the medium composition may contain zinc in the form of ZnSO4 or its hydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O), but is not limited thereto. In a specific embodiment, the medium may contain zinc at a concentration of 0.05 μM to 1 μM, 0.05 μM to 0.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 0.2 μM, or 0.05 μM to 0.1 μM, e.g., 0.1 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, the medium composition may contain manganese in the form of MnCl2 or its hydrate (MnCl2·7H2O), but is not limited thereto. In a specific embodiment, the medium may contain manganese at a concentration of 0.05 μM to 1 μM, 0.05 μM to 0.5 μM, 0.05 μM to 0.2 μM, or 0.05 μM to 0.1 μM, e.g., 0.1 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0095] In a specific embodiment, the medium composition may contain NaNO3 in an amount of 100 μM to 1000 μM, 250 μM to 750 μM, or 300 μM to 600 μM, e.g. 500 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, the culture medium composition may contain Na2HPO4·12H2O in an amount of 3 μM to 50 μM, 10 to 40 μM, 20 μM to 35 μM, e.g. 30 μM, but is not limited thereto.

[0097] In one embodiment, the laver may be Pyropia yezoensis, Pyropia dentata, Pyropia seriata, Porphyra tenera, Pyropia suborbiculata, or Pyropia pseudolinearis, for example, Pyropia yezoensis, and more specifically, Pyropia yezoensis, but is not limited thereto.

[0098] In one embodiment, the culture medium composition may be a culture medium composition for application to seaweed cultured in water-treated water, or the culture medium composition may be a culture medium composition for adding to water-treated water to produce culture water, but is not limited thereto.

[0099] Matters concerning water treatment, treated water, culture water, characteristics of laver, types of laver, cultivation conditions, water treatment conditions, culture medium composition, characteristics of harmful substance reduction, and other related configurations are as described above in the land-based cultivation method of laver, which is another embodiment of the present application.

[0100]

[0101] According to another aspect of the present application, the present application provides a medium composition comprising NaNO3, Na2HPO4·12H2O and iron for use in land cultivation of laver, for use in increasing the growth rate of laver, for use in increasing the chlorophyll content of laver and / or for use in improving the leaf color of laver.

[0102] Matters concerning the composition of the above-mentioned culture medium, water treatment, treated water, culture water, characteristics of laver, types of laver, culture conditions, water treatment conditions, culture medium composition, characteristics of reducing harmful substances, and other related configurations are as described above in other embodiments of this application, namely the culture medium composition for land-based laver cultivation and the method for land-based cultivation of laver.

[0103]

[0104] According to another aspect of the present application, the present application provides a composition, method, product, process, or use characterized by one or more elements disclosed in the present application.

[0105] When using the land-based cultivation method of the present invention, heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury) and iodine originating from seawater can be fundamentally blocked through water treatment, while improving the growth rate, chlorophyll content, and leaf color quality of the laver.

[0106] Figure 1 shows the results of comparing seaweed growth and leaf color according to single trace element treatment.

[0107] Figure 2a shows the growth rate after culture according to the medium.

[0108] Figure 2b shows the Chlorophyll a content after culture according to the medium.

[0109] Figure 2c shows the results of comparing leaf color after culture according to medium.

[0110] Figure 3 shows the change in heavy metal content before and after water treatment of natural seawater (A), and the heavy metal and iodine content of laver after water treatment (B). In (B), the items Pb, Cd, As, and Hg represent the results of analyzing the heavy metal content of laver cultured once each in the control group (Control) using seawater before treatment and the treated group (Treated) using seawater after treatment. The results are presented by constituting two experimental groups (Treated 1 and Treated 2) conducted under the same conditions. As for the iodine content, the results are shown after analyzing the results of three repeated cultures performed under the same conditions for each of the control and treated groups, with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd corresponding to each repeated culture.

[0111] Figure 4 shows the daily relative growth rate of laver according to the concentration of iron in the culture medium.

[0112] The present application will be described in more detail below through examples. These examples are intended solely to illustrate the present application more specifically, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the scope of the present application is not limited by these examples according to the gist of the application.

[0113]

[0114] Examples

[0115]

[0116] (Throughout this specification, "%" used to indicate the concentration of a particular substance is (weight / weight) % for solid / solid, (weight / volume) % for solid / liquid, and (volume / volume) % for liquid / liquid, unless otherwise noted.)

[0117]

[0118] Example 1: Selection of hazardous substance adsorbent through analysis of heavy metal content in seawater before and after water treatment

[0119] Representative water treatment technologies for removing heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury) include precipitation / coagulation, ion exchange resins, and adsorption. Precipitation / coagulation and ion exchange resins are characterized by varying types of heavy metals precipitated depending on the pH of the raw water; in particular, precipitation / coagulation was excluded because the precipitating agents and precipitates are toxic and unsuitable for food use. On the other hand, adsorption is easier to apply for heavy metal removal in seawater due to the relatively wide pH range over which the adsorbent is applicable.

[0120] To compare the heavy metal removal rates in seawater by the ion exchange resin method and the adsorption method, artificial sea salt (30 psu, Red sea salt, manufacturer: Red sea, pH: 8.2) was mixed with distilled water to resemble actual seawater, and the heavy metal concentrations were set to lead 50 ppb (CAS No. 7439-92-1, KANTO), cadmium 10 ppb (CAS No. 10325-94-7, Supelco), arsenic 50 ppb (CAS No. 7440-38-2, Sigma), and mercury 0.5 ppb (CAS No. 7697-37-2, Merck).

[0121] For the experiment, a 200 ml column was filled with 100 ml each of filter media (ion exchange resin or adsorbent) mixed with distilled water, and a peristaltic pump was connected to allow seawater containing heavy metals to pass through the column. The content of four types of heavy metals in the seawater passing through the filter media was analyzed and compared with the heavy metal content of the raw water before treatment to select a filter media with excellent heavy metal removal rates from the seawater. The content of lead, cadmium, and arsenic was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the content of mercury was measured using Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (mercury analyzer).

[0122] As a result of the adsorbent selection test, the removal rates of arsenic (35.9%) for cation / anion exchange resins and cadmium (31.2%) and mercury (2.5%) for Titansorb (WatchWater Korea) were lower than those of other heavy metal ions, whereas the removal rates of four types of heavy metal ions were evenly removed by the adsorbent Bayoxide E33 (BAYOXIDE® E33 HC, LANXESS) (Table 1). Thus, when comparing only the heavy metal removal efficiency, it was confirmed that Bayoxide E33 showed superior performance compared to the other two technologies / products, and it was selected as the final adsorbent for application.

[0123] Comparison of Heavy Metal Removal Rates in Artificial Seawater by Technology / Product Technology: Ion Exchange Resin Method, Adsorption Method Product: Amount / Anion Exchange Resin, Titanium Sorbate, Bayoxide Lead (Pb) 94.3% 95.8% 97.9% Cadmium (Cd) 99.9% 31.2% 97.8% Arsenic (As) 35.9% 99% 99.4% Mercury (Hg) 99.9% 2.5% 74.8%

[0124]

[0125] Example 2: Comparison of heavy metal content in laver cultured in culture water before and after water treatment

[0126] To first verify the heavy metal reduction effect, 80 L each of raw water before and after treatment with Bayoxide E33 were placed into a 100 L culture tank, and 2.8 kg of artificial sea salt was added and completely dissolved. After the artificial sea salt was completely dissolved, a seaweed culture medium was added, and laver thalluses 1-5 cm in length were placed and cultured for 5 weeks. The laver was harvested before and after cultivation, and the content of four types of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) was compared. The laver used in the experiment was *Pyropia yezoensis*, which accounts for the largest production volume in Korea, and a variety dedicated to land-based laver cultivation (accession number KCTC15932BP) was used.

[0127] As a result of primarily verifying the heavy metal reduction effect of laver cultured in culture water before and after water treatment, after 5 weeks of culture, the control group (before water treatment) and the experimental group (after water treatment) were 102.8 g / m², respectively. 2 and 168 g / m² 2 The seaweed was harvested. The content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and iodine (I) in the seaweed thallus was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) according to the Food Code, and the content of mercury (Hg) was measured by direct mercury analysis (DMA, mercury analyzer) according to the Food Code.

[0128] As a result of analyzing the content of four types of heavy metals in harvested laver, lead was not detected at all in the experimental group, showing a removal rate of 100%, and arsenic also showed a high removal rate of 93.7%. Cadmium showed a removal rate of 79.1%. Mercury was recorded as undetectable in both the control and experimental groups, with values ​​lower than the quantification limit (50 ppb), so the removal rate could not be determined (Table 2). Through this, it was confirmed that the accumulation of heavy metals in the laver thallus can be reduced by controlling the heavy metal content in the actual culture water.

[0129] Heavy Metal Content of Seaweed Cultured in Water Before / After Water Treatment (Unit: ppb) - Control Group (Before Water Treatment) Experimental Group (After Water Treatment) Reduction Rate Lead (Pb) 36.50 100% Cadmium (Cd) 76.15 15.5 79.1% Arsenic (As) 12.4 9.5 79 93.7% Mercury (Hg) Not Detected Not Detected

[0130]

[0131] Example 3: Development of a dedicated medium for land-based laver cultivation to ensure laver quality after heavy metal removal

[0132] 2 L of Bayoxide E33 was placed in a 4 L glass column along with distilled water, and the flow rate was set to 10 BV / h (bed volume / h, flow rate of 20 L / hour) to obtain water-treated artificial seawater from the raw water (artificial seawater). The passed artificial seawater was used for a seaweed thallus culture test. The content of 4 types of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) and 8 types of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Al, Ni, B) in the passed water was analyzed. Based on the results, a culture medium was prepared containing essential trace elements along with phosphate (Na2HPO4·12H2O) and nitrogen source (NaNO3), which are most essential for the growth of seaweed.

[0133]

[0134] Specifically, when seaweed is cultured using water after water treatment, it was observed that the leaf color of the seaweed fades and its quality deteriorates. It was confirmed that during water treatment, not only four types of heavy metals but also trace elements necessary for seaweed growth (especially photosynthesis) are removed (Table 3).

[0135] Change in Trace Element Content in Seawater Before / After Water Treatment (Unit: ppb) - Before Water Treatment After Water Treatment Zn 3.15 1.50 1Cu 0.16 70.09 5Fe 1.25 40Co 0.23 80.129Al 1.81 90.186Mn 9.33 52.60 1Ni 2.20 60.48 2B 283 825 78

[0136]

[0137] To investigate the association between quality degradation, such as discoloration, and the removal of trace elements, four essential trace elements (iron, zinc, copper, and manganese) were selected. To examine the effects of individual trace elements, laver was cultured with the addition of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese separately and compared with a control group cultured without trace elements. Laver culture was performed in 2 L glass flasks using an aeration method. The culture water temperature was maintained at 10°C, and the photoperiod was set to 12 hours light / 12 hours dark (12 L:12 D). The light intensity was 100 μmol photons m⁻¹. -2 s -1 It was maintained at . The culture period was set to 4 weeks. The basic medium used for culture was NP medium, containing 500 μM of NaNO3 and 30 μM of Na2HPO4·12H2O, and the iron was added in the form of FeSO4·7H2O at 1 μM, zinc in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O at 0.193 μM, copper in the form of CuSO4 at 0.06 μM, and manganese in the form of MnCl2·7H2O at 0.1 μM.

[0138] As a result, as shown in Figure 1, after 4 weeks of culture, the control group grew to an average leaf length of 8.5–9 cm and displayed a light brown color. When Fe was added, the leaf length grew to an average of 22 cm, and the leaf color was dark brown. When Zn was added, the growth rate was 1.2 times higher than the control group, and the leaves displayed a reddish color. On the other hand, when Mn and Cu were added alone, there was no significant difference in both growth rate and leaf color compared to the control group.

[0139]

[0140] Among these, Fe, Zn, Mn, and combinations thereof were added to a medium (NP medium) composed only of NaNO3 and Na2HPO4·12H2O to culture laver, the specific growth rate (SGR) was calculated, the chlorophyll a content was measured, and leaf color was compared.

[0141] Seaweed culture was performed in a 2 L glass flask using the aeration method. The culture water temperature was maintained at 10°C, and the photoperiod was set to 12 hours light / 12 hours dark (12 L:12 D). The light intensity was 100 μmol photons m⁻¹. -2 s -1 It was maintained at [a certain level]. The culture period was set to 1 week. At the 1-week mark after culture, the daily relative growth rate was calculated and the condition of the thallus was photographed to confirm growth and appearance, and pigment analysis was performed using thallus cultured for 3 weeks.

[0142] The above NP medium contains 500 μM of NaNO3 and 30 μM of Na2HPO4·12H2O, and the iron was added in the form of FeSO4·7H2O at 1 μM, the zinc in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O at 0.1 μM, and the manganese in the form of MnCl2·7H2O at 0.1 μM.

[0143] The daily relative growth rate was calculated using the following formula: {(ln(final weight)-ln(initial weight)) / days}*100. The chlorophyll a content was determined by finely grinding rapid-frozen thallus samples in a mortar, adding acetone and stirring for 12 hours to elute the pigment, separating only the supernatant after centrifugation, measuring the absorbance, and calculating using the following formula: E 663 nm * 11.9.

[0144] As a control group, NP medium without the above-mentioned trace elements or combinations thereof was used. The medium compositions for each trace element combination were named from 1 to 7 and used in the experiment (Table 4).

[0145] Media Composition: Control NP Medium + NP Medium 1 + Mn + NP Medium 2 + NP Medium 3 + Fe + NP Medium 4 + Mn + Zn + NP Medium 5 + Mn + Fe + NP Medium 6 + Zn + Fe + NP Medium 7 + Mn + Zn + Fe

[0146]

[0147] The results of calculating the daily relative growth rate are shown in Table 5 and Figure 2a below (n=3).

[0148] Medium composition SGR (% day -1 )(Mean ± Standard Deviation) Control NP Medium 6.7 ± 0.6 NP Medium No. 1 + Mn 6.8 ± 0.7 NP Medium No. 2 + Zn 6.8 ± 0.7 NP Medium No. 3 + Fe 10.4 ± 1.5 NP Medium No. 4 + Mn + Zn 8.6 ± 0.5 NP Medium No. 5 + Mn + Fe 11.4 ± 2.1 NP Medium No. 6 + Zn + Fe 11.4 ± 2.1 NP Medium No. 7 + Mn + Zn + Fe 11.7 ± 1.8

[0149]

[0150] The results of measuring the content of chlorophyll a are shown in Table 6 and Figure 2b below (n=3).

[0151] Medium Composition Chlorophyll a (mg / g) (Mean ± Standard Deviation) Control NP Medium 0.20 ± 0.01 NP Medium #1 + Mn 0.19 ± 0.02 NP Medium #2 + Zn 0.18 ± 0.04 NP Medium #3 + Fe 0.42 ± 0.11 NP Medium #4 + Mn + Zn 0.17 ± 0.01 NP Medium #5 + Mn + Fe 0.36 ± 0.04 NP Medium #6 + Zn + Fe 0.30 ± 0.03 NP Medium #7 + Mn + Zn + Fe 0.35 ± 0.05

[0152]

[0153] As shown in Tables 5 and 6 and Figures 2a to 2c, it was confirmed that the media containing Fe showed a significant increase in growth and chlorophyll content compared to the control group. Among them, the combination of NP medium + Fe + Zn, which exhibited good leaf color, was selected as the most suitable medium composition to ensure quality during water treatment.

[0154] The specific composition of the adopted culture medium is shown in Table 7 below.

[0155] Ingredient concentration (μM)NaNO3500Na2HPO4·12H2O30FeSO4·7H2O1ZnSO4·7H2O0.1

[0156]

[0157] Example 4: Production of high-quality, reduced-harmful seaweed using a dedicated medium for land-based seaweed cultivation

[0158] Natural seawater was treated using a facility with an expanded treatment capacity of 300 L / hr applying Bayoxide E33. The culture medium specifically designed for land-based laver cultivation (Table 5), developed in Example 3, was added to the treated seawater to prepare the culture water, which was then used to cultivate laver in a ton-scale tank. The content of four types of heavy metals and iodine in the cultured laver was analyzed and compared before and after water treatment. The laver used in Example 3 was utilized in the experiment. The cultivation of laver was performed using an aeration method in a 3-ton rectangular tank. The temperature of the culture water was maintained at 10°C, and the photoperiod was set to 12 hours light / 12 hours dark (12L:12D). The light intensity was 100 μmol photons m⁻¹. -2 s -1 The culture period was set to 2 weeks, and the medium of Example 3 (Table 7) was used for culture. The content of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and iodine (I) in the seaweed thallus was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) according to the Food Code, and the content of mercury (Hg) was measured by direct mercury analysis (DMA, mercury analyzer) according to the Food Code.

[0159] As a result of treating natural seawater using an adsorbent confirmed to remove heavy metals from artificial seawater, 82.6% of lead, 90.6% of cadmium, 90.2% of arsenic, and 12.5% ​​of mercury were removed. Among these, the removal rate of mercury appears relatively low because its content was very low prior to treatment. Other heavy metals showed a removal rate of at least 80%, confirming that effective application is possible for land-based seaweed cultivation (Fig. 3 (A)).

[0160] Figure 3 (B) shows the results of analyzing the heavy metal and iodine content of laver cultured repeatedly in water-treated culture water. The Pb, Cd, As, and Hg values ​​represent the heavy metal content analysis of laver cultured once each in the control group (using seawater before treatment) and the treated group (using seawater after treatment). The results were presented by constituting two experimental groups (Treated 1 and Treated 2) conducted under identical conditions. Regarding iodine content, the results are presented after analyzing three repeated cultures under identical conditions for both the control and treated groups, with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd corresponding to each repeated culture. As shown in Figure 3 (B), it was confirmed that the content of harmful substances was significantly lower than that of the control group cultured in water before treatment. The content of lead decreased by an average of 67.5%, cadmium by 62.1%, and arsenic by 92.4%. In the case of mercury, levels were not found to be below the detection limit. Considering that the Control group is also seaweed cultivated via land-based methods, which typically results in lower levels of harmful substances compared to sea-based cultivation, this indicates a significant reduction in levels. Analysis of iodine levels after three cultivation cycles also confirmed a reduction of 38.2%, 18.6%, and 60.5% compared to the Control group (Fig. 3 (B)).

[0161] As a result, it was confirmed that through the land-based cultivation method of the present invention, more than 80% of four types of heavy metals can be removed from seawater, and more than 60% of iodine, a harmful substance, can be reduced in the production of seaweed.

[0162]

[0163] Example 5: Comparison of seaweed growth according to iron content in medium dedicated to land-based seaweed cultivation

[0164] To determine the effect of iron (Fe) concentration in a medium dedicated to land-based laver cultivation on laver growth, laver was cultured under conditions of varying iron concentrations, and the growth rates were compared.

[0165] Specifically, culture was performed in a 1 L glass flask using the aeration method, and the temperature of the culture water was maintained at 10°C. The photoperiod was set to 12 hours light / 12 hours dark (12L:12D), and the light intensity was 100 μmol photons m⁻¹. -2 s -1 It was maintained at . The culture period was set to 1 week.

[0166] The basic medium used for culture was NP medium, prepared to contain 500 μM of NaNO3 and 30 μM of Na2HPO4·12H2O. FeSO4·7H2O was used as the iron source, and iron (FeSO4·7H2O) was added at concentrations of 0 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1.0 μM, 2.0 μM, 3.0 μM, 5.0 μM, and 10.0 μM, respectively.

[0167] The initial weight of the seaweed thallus before cultivation and the weight after 1 week of cultivation were measured, and based on this, the daily relative growth rate (Specific Growth Rate, SGR) was calculated in the same manner as in Example 3 and is shown in Figure 4 and Table 8.

[0168] Daily Relative Growth Rate of Laver According to Iron Concentration (n=2) Concentration (μM) SGR (% day -1 ) (Mean ± Standard Deviation) 0.13.8 ± 2.30.116.3 ± 1.30.515.2 ± 0.99116.4 ± 0.4214.5 ± 3.8313.8 ± 3.8511.5 ± 3.7

[0169] As shown in Table 8 and Figure 4, a relatively high growth rate was observed in the iron concentration range of 0.1 μM to 2.0 μM compared to the control group without added iron (0 μM), and it was confirmed that a higher growth rate was observed, particularly when the iron concentration was 0.1 μM to 1.0 μM. Meanwhile, under the 3.0 μM condition, a growth rate similar to that of the control group was observed, and under the 5.0 μM and 10.0 μM conditions, a lower growth rate than that of the control group was observed.

[0170]

[0171] [Consignment Number]

[0172] Depository Name: Korea Research Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Biological Resource Center (KCTC)

[0173] Trustee Number: KCTC15932BP

[0174] Date of Trust: 20240611

[0175]

Claims

A step of producing treated water by treating seawater; A step of preparing culture water by adding an iron-containing medium to the above-mentioned treated water; and A step comprising culturing seaweed in the above culture water, Land-based cultivation method for seaweed. A cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the treated water has a reduced heavy metal content through water treatment. A cultivation method according to paragraph 2, wherein the heavy metal is one or more selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury. A culture method according to claim 1, wherein the water treatment is performed by an adsorption method. A cultivation method in which, in paragraph 4, the adsorbent is an iron-based adsorbent. A cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the adsorbent is an adsorbent containing iron oxide or iron hydroxide. A culture method according to claim 1, wherein the medium comprises iron in one or more forms selected from the group consisting of FeSO4, FeCl2, and FeCl3. A culture method according to claim 1, wherein the medium contains iron at a concentration of 0.05 μM to 2.5 μM. A culture method according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium additionally comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt. A culture method according to claim 1, wherein the medium additionally comprises a nitrogen source and a phosphate. A culture method according to claim 10, wherein the nitrogen source is NaNO3 and the phosphate is Na2HPO4·12H2O. A method of cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the laver is Pyropia yezoensis, Pyropia dentata, Pyropia seriata, Porphyra tenera, Pyropia suborbiculata, or Pyropia pseudolinearis. In paragraph 1, the above culture method is (1) Increase in seaweed growth rate; (2) Increase in chlorophyll content of seaweed; (3) Improvement of leaf color of seaweed; (4) Reduction in the content of one or more heavy metals selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in seaweed; and (5) Reduction in iodine content of seaweed A culture method having one or more features selected from a group consisting of Seaweed produced by the cultivation method of any one of paragraphs 1 to 13. In Clause 14, the above laver uses water-treated seawater, and compared to laver cultured under culture conditions using culture water that does not contain the above medium, (1) Growth rate increased by more than 50%; (2) Chlorophyll content increased by more than 45%; and (3) Improvement of leaf color Kim, having one or more features selected from a group consisting of In Clause 14, compared to seaweed cultured under cultivation conditions using untreated seawater, the above-mentioned seaweed (1) Reduction in the content of one or more heavy metals selected from the group consisting of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury; (2) Decrease in iodine content by 10% or more; or (3) Kim, who has all the characteristics of these. Food containing seaweed as in Paragraph 14. A culture medium composition for land-based cultivation of seaweed, comprising NaNO3, Na2HPO4·12H2O and iron. A culture medium composition according to claim 18, comprising iron in one or more forms selected from the group consisting of FeSO4, FeCl2, and FeCl3. A culture medium composition according to claim 18, comprising iron at a concentration of 0.05 μM to 2.5 μM. A culture medium composition according to claim 18, additionally comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt. In claim 18, the culture medium composition is intended to be applied to seaweed cultured in water-treated water. In paragraph 18, the above-mentioned culture medium composition (1) Increase in seaweed growth rate; (2) Increase in chlorophyll content of seaweed; and (3) Improvement of leaf color of seaweed A culture medium composition having one or more features selected from the group consisting of

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