Communication related to synchronization signal

Abstract

One disclosure of the present specification provides a method. The method may comprise the steps in which a UE: receives a first synchronization signal from a first cell; performs a measurement based on the first synchronization signal; and evaluates, on the basis of the measurement, whether cell selection criteria are met.

Description

Communication related to synchronization signals

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communication.

[0002] 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communication. Many methods have been proposed to achieve LTE goals, such as reducing costs for users and operators, improving service quality, expanding coverage, and increasing system capacity. As high-level requirements, 3GPP LTE demands reduced cost per bit, improved service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple structure, open interfaces, and appropriate power consumption of terminals.

[0003] Work has begun at the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and 3GPP to develop requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop the technical components necessary to successfully standardize NR in a timely manner, satisfying both urgent market demands and the longer-term requirements presented by the ITU-R (ITU Radio communication sector) IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR must be able to utilize any spectrum band up to at least 110 GHz so that it can be used for wireless communication even in the distant future.

[0004] NR targets a single technical framework that covers all deployment, usage, and requirements, including eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband), mMTC (massive Machine Type-Communications), and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications). NR must be forward compatible by nature.

[0005] According to conventional technology, there was a problem in that dynamic changes in the SS period, SSB period, or SMTC period were not effectively supported.

[0006] According to conventional technology, there was a problem in that dynamic changes in the SS period, SSB period, or SMTC period were not effectively supported.

[0007] In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method may include the step of a UE receiving a first synchronization signal from a first cell; the step of the UE performing a measurement based on the first synchronization signal; and the step of the UE evaluating whether a cell selection criterion is satisfied based on the measurement.

[0008] In another aspect, a device for implementing the above method is provided.

[0009] In one embodiment, a method is provided. The method may include the step of a first cell transmitting a first synchronization signal to a UE.

[0010] In another aspect, a device for implementing the above method is provided.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, even when the period of the SS (e.g., SSB) or the period of the SMTC is long and / or when the period of the SS (e.g., SSB) or the period of the SMTC is dynamically changed, the terminal can communicate effectively and / or accurately with the serving cell and / or adjacent cell.

[0012] For example, the terminal can effectively and / or accurately perform an evaluation of the serving cell and / or an adjacent cell. For example, the terminal can effectively and / or accurately transmit a request for the SS.

[0013] For example, requirements related to the evaluation of a serving cell and / or requirements related to the evaluation of an adjacent cell can be defined effectively and / or accurately.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal can effectively and / or accurately perform measurements even in a complex environment where AO-SSB (or AO-SS) and OD-SSB (or OD-SS) are transmitted simultaneously, and / or AO-SSB (or AO-SS) and OD-SSB (or OD-SS) are not transmitted at equal intervals. For example, requirements for measurements in such an environment can be effectively and / or accurately defined.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the terminal can perform measurements more quickly based on AO-SSB (or AO-SS) and / or OD-SSB (or OD-SS).

[0016] The effects obtainable through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to those listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person with ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0017] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0018] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0019] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0020] Figure 4 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0021] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0022] FIGS. 6a through 6e illustrate an example of a RACH procedure applicable to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 7 shows an example of an OD-SSB according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0024] FIG. 8 shows an example of SSB adaptation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 9 shows an example of a measurement period according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0026] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a non-periodic measurement according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0027] FIG. 11 shows an example of measurement according to the number of samples required according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0028] FIG. 12 shows an example of SS transmitted over a long period according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0029] FIGS. 13a and FIGS. 13b illustrate examples of placement scenarios for a long-cycle SS according to one embodiment of the disclosure of this specification.

[0030] FIG. 14 illustrates a first example of measurement and evaluation according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0031] FIG. 15 illustrates a second example of measurement and evaluation according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0032] FIG. 16 shows an example of an anchor cell and a plurality of NES cells according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0033] FIGS. 17a and FIGS. 17b illustrate examples of procedures for requesting an on-demand synchronization signal according to one embodiment of the disclosure of this specification.

[0034] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an operation in which a UE triggers an on-demand synchronization signal according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0035] FIGS. 19a to 19c illustrate examples of delay requirements according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0036] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a procedure according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0037] The following techniques, devices, and systems may be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Multi-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented through wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented through wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) using E-UTRA.3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in the uplink (UL).

[0038] For convenience of explanation, the implementation of this specification is described primarily in relation to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems. However, the technical characteristics of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, the following detailed description is provided based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system, but aspects of this specification that are not limited to 3GPP-based wireless communication systems may be applied to other mobile communication systems.

[0039] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to this specification.

[0040] In this specification, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Alternatively, in this specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in this specification, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[0041] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean “and / or.” For example, “A / B” may mean “A and / or B.” Accordingly, “A / B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B, or C.”

[0042] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as synonymous with “at least one of A and B.”

[0043] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Furthermore, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” may mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0044] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “Control Information (PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.” In other words, “Control Information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “Control Information (i.e., PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.”

[0045] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0046] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be applied to various fields where wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G) is required.

[0047] The present specification will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and / or description, the same reference numerals may refer to the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or function blocks unless otherwise indicated.

[0048] In the attached drawings, User Equipment (UE) is illustrated by way of example, but the illustrated UE may also be referred to by terms such as Terminal, Mobile Equipment (ME), etc. Furthermore, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, mobile phone, PDA, smartphone, multimedia device, etc., or a non-portable device such as a PC, vehicle-mounted device, etc.

[0049] Hereinafter, UE is used as an example of a wireless communication device capable of wireless communication (or a wireless device, or a wireless device). Operations performed by the UE may be performed by a wireless communication device. A wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless device, a wireless device, etc.

[0050] The term "base station" used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and may be referred to by other terms such as eNodeB (evolved-NodeB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, and gNB (Next generation NodeB).

[0051] FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0052] The 5G usage scenario shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example, and the technical features of this specification may be applied to other 5G usage scenarios not shown in FIG. 1.

[0053] The three main requirements categories for 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) category, (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC) category, and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) category.

[0054] Some use cases may require multiple categories for optimization, while others may focus on only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports these diverse use cases using flexible and reliable methods.

[0055] eMBB far surpasses basic mobile internet access and covers rich interactive tasks and media and entertainment applications in the cloud and augmented reality. Data is one of the core drivers of 5G, and in the 5G era, dedicated voice services may not be available for the first time. In 5G, voice processing is expected to be simplified as an application that leverages the data connectivity provided by the communication system. The main cause of traffic growth is the increase in content size and the rise of applications requiring high data transfer speeds. As more devices connect to the internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile internet access will become more widely used. Many of these applications require an always-on connection to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing on mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the increase in uplink data transfer speeds. 5G is also used for remote work in the cloud. When using haptic interfaces, 5G requires much lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience. For example, entertainment such as cloud gaming and video streaming is another key factor increasing the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets in all places, including highly mobile environments such as trains, cars, and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality for entertainment and information retrieval. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0056] Furthermore, one of the most anticipated use cases for 5G relates to mMTC, the ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors across all fields. Potentially, the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is expected to reach 240 million by 2020. Industrial IoT plays a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure through 5G.

[0057] URLLC includes ultra-reliable, low-latency links for new services that will transform industries through the remote control of primary infrastructure, as well as for autonomous vehicles. Reliability and low latency are essential for controlling smart grids, automating industries, achieving robotics, and controlling and coordinating drones.

[0058] 5G is a means to deliver gigabits per second from streaming rated at hundreds of megabits per second, and it can complement Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or Docsis). Such high speeds are necessary to deliver TV with resolutions of 4K or higher (6K, 8K, and above), as well as virtual and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include highly immersive sports games. Specific applications may require specialized network configurations. For example, in the case of VR games, game companies must integrate core servers with network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0059] Automobiles are expected to become a new and significant driving force in 5G, along with numerous use cases for in-vehicle mobile communication. For example, passenger entertainment requires broadband mobile communication with high simultaneous capacity and high mobility. This is because future users will continue to expect high-quality connectivity regardless of location or speed. Another use case in the automotive sector is the AR dashboard. AR dashboards enable drivers to identify objects in dark areas beyond those visible through the windshield, and display the distance to objects and their movement by overlapping information delivery to the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and support infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanying pedestrians). Safety systems reduce the risk of accidents by guiding drivers through alternative behavioral processes to drive more safely. The next step will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This requires extremely high reliability and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles, as well as between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will focus only on abnormal traffic that the vehicle cannot identify. The technical requirements for autonomous vehicles demand ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability to raise traffic safety to a level unattainable by humans.

[0060] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, referred to as a smart society, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost-effective and energy-efficient maintenance of cities or homes. A similar configuration can be applied to individual households. All temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances will be wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors generally have low data transmission speeds, low power consumption, and low costs. However, real-time HD video may be required by certain types of devices for monitoring.

[0061] Automated control of distribution sensor networks is required to decentralize energy consumption and distribution, including heat and gas, to a higher level. Smart grids utilize digital information and communication technologies to collect data and interconnect sensors to operate based on the collected information. Since this information may include the behavior of suppliers and consumers, smart grids can improve the distribution of fuels, such as electricity, through methods such as efficiency, reliability, economic viability, production sustainability, and automation. A smart grid can also be regarded as another sensor network with low latency.

[0062] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the 5G use scenarios. The health sector includes many applications that can benefit from mobile communication. Communication systems can support telemedicine, which provides clinical treatment from remote locations. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to medical services that are not consistently available in remote rural areas. Telemedicine is also used to perform critical treatments and save lives in emergency situations. Mobile communication-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0063] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring incurs high installation and maintenance costs. Therefore, the potential to replace cables with reconfigurable wireless links presents an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, achieving this replacement requires establishing wireless connections with latency, reliability, and capacity comparable to cables, as well as simplifying the management of these connections. With the demand for 5G connections, low latency and a very low probability of error are new requirements.

[0064] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases of mobile communications that utilize location-based information systems to enable inventory and package tracking anywhere. While these use cases generally require low data rates, they necessitate location information with wide range and reliability.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (1) includes wireless devices (100a to 100f), a base station (BS) (200), and a network (300). FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network of the communication system (1), but the implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to a 5G system and can be applied to future communication systems beyond a 5G system.

[0066] The base station (200) and the network (300) can be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device can operate as a base station / network node in relation to another wireless device.

[0067] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) represent devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may also be referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may include, but are not limited to, robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices (100c), portable devices (100d), home appliances (100e), IoT devices (100f), and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers (400). For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing communication between vehicles. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs) and head-up displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signs, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0068] In this specification, wireless devices (100a to 100f) may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a PDA (personal digital assistant), a PMP (portable multimedia player), a navigation system, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving capabilities, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a weather / environment device, a 5G service-related device, or a device related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

[0069] For example, a UAV can be an aircraft that is not on board and is navigated by radio control signals.

[0070] For example, a VR device may include a device for implementing objects or backgrounds in a virtual environment. For example, an AR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by connecting them to objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, an MR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by merging them with objects or backgrounds in a real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device for implementing a 360-degree stereoscopic image by recording and playing back stereoscopic information using the phenomenon of light interference that occurs when two laser lights called holograms meet.

[0071] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or an image device that can be worn on a user's body.

[0072] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or operation. For instance, MTC devices and IoT devices may include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0073] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used to diagnose, treat, alleviate, or correct an injury or damage. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a therapeutic device, a driving device, a (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid, or a surgical device.

[0074] For example, a security device may be a device installed to prevent potential risks and maintain safety. For example, a security device may be a camera, closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0075] For example, a fintech device may be a device capable of providing financial services such as mobile payments. For example, a fintech device may include a payment device or a POS system.

[0076] For example, a weather / environment device may include a device for monitoring or predicting the weather / environment.

[0077] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a network after 5G. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (200) / network (300). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) / V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0078] Wireless communication / connections (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and / or between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and base station (200) and / or between base station (200). Here, the wireless communication / connections can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D (device-to-device) communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (integrated access and backhaul)). Through the wireless communication / connections (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices (100a to 100f) and base station (200) can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals in this specification, at least some of the following may be performed: a process for setting various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, a process for various signal processing (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and a resource allocation process.

[0079] AI refers to the field of researching artificial intelligence or the methodologies to create it, while machine learning refers to the field of researching methodologies to define and solve various problems within the realm of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through continuous experience.

[0080] A robot can refer to a machine that automatically processes or operates given tasks based on its own capabilities. In particular, a robot equipped with the ability to perceive its environment, make independent judgments, and perform actions can be called an intelligent robot. Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, and military types depending on their purpose or field of use. Robots are equipped with drive units, including actuators or motors, to perform various physical movements, such as moving robot joints. Additionally, mobile robots include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., in their drive units, enabling them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0081] Autonomous driving refers to technology that drives itself, and an autonomous vehicle refers to a vehicle that drives without user intervention or with minimal user intervention. For example, autonomous driving can include technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, automatically adjusting speed like adaptive cruise control, driving automatically along a predetermined route, and automatically setting a route and driving once a destination is set. The term "vehicle" encompasses vehicles equipped solely with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles equipped with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles equipped solely with electric motors; it can include not only automobiles but also trains and motorcycles. An autonomous vehicle can be viewed as a robot equipped with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0082] Augmented Reality is a collective term for VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects or backgrounds solely as CG images, AR technology provides virtual CG images superimposed on images of real objects, and MR technology is a CG technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world. MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it displays real-world and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference in that while virtual objects in AR technology are used to complement real-world objects, virtual and real objects in MR technology are used as equal entities.

[0083] NR supports multiple numerologies or subcarrier spacings (SCS) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0084] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (e.g., FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change. For example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6 GHz range" and FR2 may mean "above 6 GHz range" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, as illustrated in the examples in Tables 1 and 2.

[0085] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR2FR2-124250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHzFR2-257000MHz - 71000MHz120, 480, 960kHz

[0086] As described above, the numerical values ​​of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0087] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR2FR2-124250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHzFR2-257000MHz - 71000MHz120, 480, 960kHz

[0088] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as enhanced MTC (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE MTC, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. For example, ZigBee technology may create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0089] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 2, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals to / from an external device via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR).

[0091] In FIG. 2, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to at least one of the {wireless devices (100a~100f) and base station (200)}, {wireless devices (100a~100f) and wireless devices (100a~100f)} and / or {base station (200) and base station (200)} of FIG. 1.

[0092] The first wireless device (100) may include at least one transceiver such as a transceiver (106), at least one processing chip such as a processing chip (101), and / or one or more antennas (108).

[0093] The processing chip (101) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (102), and at least one memory, such as a memory (104). FIG. 2 is shown as an example in which the memory (104) is included in the processing chip (101). Additionally and / or generally, the memory (104) may be placed outside the processing chip (101).

[0094] The processor (102) can control the memory (104) and / or the transceiver (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). The processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and process the second information / signal to store the obtained information in the memory (104).

[0095] Memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) so as to be operable. Memory (104) may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory (104) may store software code (105) that implements instructions to perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (102). For example, software code (105) may implement instructions to perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (102). For example, software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more protocols. For example, software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0096] Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (108). Each transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be interchangeably used with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In this specification, the first wireless device (100) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0097] The second wireless device (200) may include at least one transceiver such as a transceiver (206), at least one processing chip such as a processing chip (201), and / or one or more antennas (208).

[0098] The processing chip (201) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (202), and at least one memory, such as a memory (204). FIG. 2 is shown as an example in which the memory (204) is included in the processing chip (201). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (204) may be placed outside the processing chip (201).

[0099] The processor (202) can control the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). The processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and process the fourth information / signal to store the obtained information in the memory (204).

[0100] Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) so as to be operable. Memory (204) may store various types of information and / or instructions. Memory (204) may store software code (205) that implements instructions to perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (202). For example, software code (205) may implement instructions to perform descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification when executed by the processor (202). For example, software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more protocols. For example, software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0101] Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (208). Each transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeably used with an RF unit. In this specification, the second wireless device (200) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0102] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a PHY (physical) layer, a MAC (media access control) layer, a RLC (radio link control) layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a RRC (radio resource control) layer, and an SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more PDUs (protocol data units) and / or one or more SDUs (service data units) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification.

[0103] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and / or microcomputers. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, and / or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), and / or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). Descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware and / or software, and the firmware and / or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, and functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0104] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may consist of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0105] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, wireless signals, etc., to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, wireless signals, etc. from one or more other devices.

[0106] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this specification, one or more antennas (108, 208) may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0107] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can up-convert an OFDM baseband signal into an OFDM signal through an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal into an OFDM baseband signal through an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202).

[0108] In an implementation of this specification, the UE may operate as a transmitting device in the uplink (UL; uplink) and as a receiving device in the downlink (DL; downlink). In an implementation of this specification, the base station may operate as a receiving device in the UL and as a transmitting device in the DL. For technical convenience, it is generally assumed that the first wireless device (100) operates as a UE and the second wireless device (200) operates as a base station. For example, a processor (102) connected to, mounted on, or released to the first wireless device (100) may be configured to perform UE operations according to an implementation of this specification or to control a transceiver (106) to perform UE operations according to an implementation of this specification. A processor (202) connected to, mounted on, or released to the second wireless device (200) may be configured to perform base station operations according to an implementation of this specification or to control a transceiver (206) to perform base station operations according to an implementation of this specification.

[0109] In this specification, the base station may be referred to as Node B, eNode B, or gNB.

[0110] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification applies.

[0111] Wireless devices can be implemented in various forms depending on the use example / service (see FIG. 1).

[0112] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless device (100, 200) may correspond to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 2 and may be composed of various components, devices / parts and / or modules. For example, each wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication device (110), a control device (120), a memory device (130), and additional components (140). The communication device (110) may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 2. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication device (110), the memory device (130), and the additional component (140) and controls the overall operation of each wireless device (100, 200). For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of each wireless device (100, 200) based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory device (130). The control device (120) can transmit information stored in the memory device (130) to an external (e.g., other communication device) via the communication device (110) through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external (e.g., other communication device) via the communication device (110) through a wireless / wired interface in the memory device (130).

[0113] The additional component (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device (100, 200). For example, the additional component (140) may include at least one of a power device / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., audio I / O port, video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The wireless device (100, 200) may be implemented in the form of, but is not limited to, a robot (100a in FIG. 1), a vehicle (100b-1 and 100b-2 in FIG. 1), an XR device (100c in FIG. 1), a portable device (100d in FIG. 1), a home appliance (100e in FIG. 1), an IoT device (100f in FIG. 1), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (400 in FIG. 1), a base station (200 in FIG. 1), or a network node. The wireless device (100, 200) may be used in a mobile or fixed location depending on the use example / service.

[0114] In FIG. 3, the entirety of the various components, devices / parts and / or modules of the wireless device (100, 200) may be connected to each other via a wired interface, or at least some of them may be connected wirelessly via a communication device (110). For example, in each wireless device (100, 200), the control device (120) and the communication device (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control device (120) and the first device (e.g., 130 and 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication device (110). Each component, device / part and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control device (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. As an example, the control device (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory device (130) may be composed of RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0115] <NR에서의 동작 대역>

[0116] The operating band in NR is as follows.

[0117] The operating bands in Table 3 below are operating bands that have been refarmed from the LTE / LTE-A operating bands. These are called the FR1 bands.

[0118] NR Operating Band Uplink (UL) Operating Band Downlink (DL) Operating Band Duplex Mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_highn11920 MHz - 1980 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDDn21850 MHz - 1910 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzFDDn31710 MHz - 1785 MHz1805 MHz - 1880 MHzFDDn5824 MHz - 849 MHz869 MHz - 894 MHzFDDn72500 MHz - 2570 MHz2620 MHz - 2690 MHzFDDn8880 MHz - 915 MHz925 MHz - 960 MHzFDDn12699 MHz - 716 MHz729 MHz - 746 MHzFDDn20832 MHz - 862 MHz791 MHz - 821 MHzFDDn251850 MHz - 1915 MHz1930 MHz - 1995 MHzFDDn28703 MHz - 748 MHz758 MHz - 803 MHzFDDn342010 MHz - 2025 MHz2010 MHz - 2025 MHzTDDn382570 MHz - 2620 MHz2570 MHz - 2620 MHzTDDn391880 MHz - 1920 MHz1880 MHz - 1920 MHzTDDn402300 MHz - 2400 MHz2300 MHz - 2400 MHzTDDn412496 MHz - 2690 MHz2496 MHz - 2690 MHzTDDn501432 MHz - 1517 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzTDDn511427 MHz - 1432 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzTDDn661710 MHz - 1780 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDDn701695 MHz - 1710 MHz1995 MHz - 2020 MHzFDDn71663 MHz - 698 MHz617 MHz - 652 MHzFDDn741427 MHz - 1470 MHz1475 MHz - 1518 MHzFDDn75N / A1432 MHz - 1517 MHzSDLn76N / A1427 MHz - 1432 MHzSDLn773300 MHz - 4200 MHz3300 MHz - 4200MHzTDDn783300 MHz - 3800 MHz3300 MHz - 3800 MHzTDDn794400 MHz - 5000 MHz4400 MHz - 5000 MHzTDDn801710 MHz - 1785 MHzN / ASULn81880 MHz - 915 MHzN / ASULn82832 MHz - 862 MHzN / ASULn83703 MHz - 748 MHzN / ASULn841920 MHz - 1980 MHzN / ASULn861710 MHz - 1780 MHzN / ASUL

[0119] The table below shows the NR operating band defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0120] NR Uplink (UL) Operation Downlink (DL) Operation Duplex Mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_high n25726500 MHz - 29500 MHz26500 MHz - 29500 MHzTDDn25824250 MHz - 27500 MHz24250 MHz - 27500 MHzTDDn25937000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzTDDn26037000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzFDDn26127500 MHz - 28350 MHz27500 MHz - 28350 MHzFDD

[0121] For reference, the operating band of E-UTRA is as shown in Table 5 below.

[0122] E-UTRA Operation Band Uplink (UL) Operation Band BS Receive UE Transmit Downlink (DL) Operation Band BS Transmit UE Receive Duplex Mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_high11920 MHz - 1980 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDD21850 MHz - 1910 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzFDD31710 MHz - 1785 MHz1805 MHz - 1880 MHzFDD41710 MHz - 1755 MHz2110 MHz - 2155 MHzFDD5824 MHz - 849 MHz869 MHz - 894MHzFDD6830 MHz - 840 MHz875 MHz - 885 MHzFDD72500 MHz - 2570 MHz2620 MHz - 2690 MHzFDD8880 MHz - 915 MHz925 MHz - 960 MHzFDD91749.9 MHz - 1784.9 MHz1844.9 MHz - 1879.9 MHzFDD101710 MHz - 1770 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDD111427.9 MHz - 1447.9 MHz1475.9 MHz - 1495.9 MHzFDD12699 MHz - 716 MHz729 MHz - 746 MHzFDD13777 MHz - 787 MHz746 MHz - 756 MHzFDD14788 MHz - 798 MHz758 MHz - 768 MHzFDD15ReservedReservedFDD16ReservedReservedFDD17704 MHz - 716 MHz734 MHz - 746 MHzFDD18815 MHz - 830 MHz860 MHz - 875 MHzFDD19830 MHz - 845 MHz875 MHz - 890 MHzFDD20832 MHz - 862 MHz791 MHz - 821 MHzFDD211447.9 MHz - 1462.9 MHz1495.9 MHz - 1510.9 MHzFDD223410 MHz - 3490 MHz3510 MHz - 3590 MHzFDD232000 MHz - 2020 MHz2180 MHz - 2200 MHzFDD241626.5 MHz - 1660.5 MHz1525 MHz - 1559 MHzFDD251850 MHz - 1915 MHz1930 MHz - 1995 MHzFDD26814 MHz - 849 MHz859 MHz - 894 MHzFDD27807 MHz - 824 MHz852 MHz - 869 MHzFDD28703 MHz - 748 MHz758 MHz - 803 MHzFDD29N / A717 MHz - 728 MHzFDD302305 MHz - 2315 MHz2350 MHz - 2360 MHzFDD31452.5 MHz - 457.5 MHz462.5 MHz - 467.5 MHzFDD32N / A1452 MHz - 1496 MHzFDD. 2331900 MHz - 1920 MHz1900 MHz - 1920 MHzTDD342010 MHz - 2025 MHz2010 MHz - 2025 MHzTDD351850 MHz - 1910 MHz1850 MHz - 1910 MHzTDD361930 MHz - 1990 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzTDD371910 MHz - 1930 MHz1910 MHz - 1930 MHzTDD382570 MHz - 2620 MHz2570 MHz - 2620 MHzTDD391880 MHz - 1920 MHz1880 MHz - 1920 MHzTDD402300 MHz - 2400 MHz2300 MHz - 2400 MHzTDD412496 MHz - 2690 MHz2496 MHz - 2690 MHzTDD423400 MHz - 3600 MHz3400 MHz - 3600 MHzTDD433600 MHz - 3800 MHz3600 MHz - 3800 MHzTDD44703 MHz - 803 MHz703 MHz - 803 MHzTDD451447 MHz - 1467 MHz1447 MHz - 1467 MHzTDD465150 MHz - 5925 MHz5150 MHz - 5925 MHzTDD475855 MHz - 5925 MHz5855 MHz - 5925 MHzTDD483550 MHz - 3700 MHz3550 MHz - 3700 MHzTDD493550 MHz - 3700 MHz3550 MHz - 3700 MHzTDD501432 MHz - 1517 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzTDD511427 MHz - 1432 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzTDD523300 MHz - 3400 MHz3300 MHz - 3400 MHzTDD532483.5 MHz - 2495 MHz2483.5 MHz - 2495 MHzTDD541670 MHz - 1675 MHz1670 MHz - 1675 MHzTDD64Reserved651920 MHz - 2010 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDD661710 MHz - 1780 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDD67N / A738 MHz - 758 MHzFDD68698 MHz - 728 MHz753 MHz - 783 MHzFDD69N / A2570 MHz - 2620 MHzFDD701695 MHz - 1710 MHz1995 MHz - 2020 MHzFDD71663 MHz - 698 MHz617 MHz - 652 MHzFDD72451 MHz - 456 MHz461 MHz - 466 MHzFDD73450 MHz - 455 MHz460 MHz - 465 MHzFDD741427 MHz - 1470 MHz1475 MHz - 1518 MHzFDD75N / A1432 MHz - 1517 MHzFDD76N / A1427 MHz - 1432 MHzFDD85698 MHz - 716 MHz728 MHz - 746 MHzFDD87410 MHz - 415 MHz420 MHz - 425 MHzFDD88412 MHz - 417 MHz422 MHz - 427 MHzFDD103787 MHz - 788 MHz757 MHz - 758 MHzFDD106896 MHz - 901 MHz935 MHz - 940 MHzFDD.

[0123] <6G 시스템 일반>

[0124] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be seen in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 6 below. In other words, Table 6 is a table representing an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0125] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0126] 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0127] Figure 4 is a figure showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0128] 6G systems are expected to have 50 times higher simultaneous wireless connectivity than 5G wireless communication systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become an even more dominant technology in 6G communication by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1ms. Unlike the frequently used area spectrum efficiency, 6G systems will exhibit significantly superior volume spectrum efficiency. 6G systems can provide very long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, meaning mobile devices in 6G systems will not require separate charging. New network characteristics in 6G may include the following.

[0129] - Satellite Integrated Network: 6G is expected to be integrated with satellites to provide a global mobile population. Integrating terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communication system is crucial for 6G.

[0130] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0131] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0132] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0133] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0134] - Small cell networks: The idea of ​​small cell networks was introduced to improve the quality of received signals in cellular systems as a result of increased throughput, energy efficiency, and spectrum efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are an essential feature of communication systems for 5G and beyond 5G (5GB). Therefore, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0135] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another important characteristic of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks composed of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0136] - High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized as high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems can be possible solutions to this problem.

[0137] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0138] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two important features that form the basis of the design process in 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Additionally, billions of devices can be shared across a shared physical infrastructure.

[0139] <Key Implementation Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0140] Artificial Intelligence

[0141] The most critical and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. AI was not involved in 4G systems. 5G systems will support AI partially or to a very limited extent. However, 6G systems will be supported by AI for complete automation. Advancements in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communication in 6G. Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency.

[0142] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0143] Recently, attempts to integrate AI with wireless communication systems have emerged, but these have primarily focused on the application and network layers, particularly deep learning in the field of wireless resource management and allocation. However, such research is increasingly advancing toward the MAC and physical layers, with attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, particularly at the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of signal processing and communication mechanisms based on AI drivers rather than traditional communication frameworks in terms of fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0144] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, and for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of the downlink (DL). In addition, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0145] Machine learning refers to a series of operations for training machines to create machines capable of performing tasks that humans can or find difficult to do. Machine learning requires data and learning models. Data learning methods in machine learning can be broadly classified into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0146] The purpose of neural network training is to minimize output errors. It is a process that repeatedly inputs training data into a neural network, calculates the error between the network's output and the target for the training data, and updates the weights of each node by backpropagating the error from the output layer to the input layer in a direction that reduces the error.

[0147] Supervised learning uses training data with correct answers labeled, whereas unsupervised learning may not have correct answers labeled. That is, for example, in the case of supervised learning regarding data classification, the training data may consist of data where each training data point is labeled with a category. Labeled training data is input into a neural network, and an error can be calculated by comparing the network's output (category) with the labels of the training data. The calculated error is backpropagated within the neural network (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated according to this backpropagation. The amount of change in the connection weights of each node being updated can be determined by the learning rate. The neural network's calculations on the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of iterations of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, efficiency can be increased by using a high learning rate in the early stages of neural network training to enable the network to quickly achieve a certain level of performance, and accuracy can be improved by using a low learning rate in the later stages of training.

[0148] The learning method may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted from the transmitting end at the receiving end in a communication system, it is desirable to perform learning using supervised learning rather than unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0149] A learning model corresponds to the human brain, and while the most basic linear model can be considered, a machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.

[0150] The neural network cores used for learning methods are broadly classified into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNN), and spiking neural networks (SNN).

[0151] THz Communication (Terahertz Communication)

[0152] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz–300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz–3 THz band is part of the broadband, it lies at the boundary of the broadband and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz–3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0153] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0154] Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0155] Large-scale MIMO

[0156] One of the key technologies for improving spectrum efficiency is the application of MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectrum efficiency also improves. Therefore, large-scale MIMO technology will be important in 6G systems. Since MIMO technology utilizes multiple paths, multiplexing technology and beam generation and operation technology suitable for the THz band must also be given important consideration to enable data signals to be transmitted through one or more paths.

[0157] Hologram Beam Forming (HBF)

[0158] Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit wireless signals in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers several advantages, such as a high signal-to-noise ratio, interference prevention and rejection, and high network efficiency. Holographic Beamforming (HBF) is a new beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it utilizes software-defined antennas. HBF is expected to be a highly effective approach for the efficient and flexible transmission and reception of signals in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0159] Optical wireless technology

[0160] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that transmits signals using visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV). OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390–750 nm) is generally referred to as Visible Light Communication (VLC). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be utilized for VLC implementation. VLC can be used in various applications, including wireless local area networks, wireless personal communication networks, and vehicle networks.

[0161] VLC offers the following advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is in the free / unlicensed band and can provide extensive bandwidth (THz-level bandwidth). Second, VLC causes minimal interference to other electromagnetic devices. Therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications, such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers strengths in communication security and privacy protection. The transmission medium of VLC-based networks, namely visible light, cannot penetrate walls or other opaque obstacles. Consequently, the transmission range of VLC can be limited to indoors, thereby protecting users' personal and sensitive information. Fourth, since VLC can utilize lighting sources as base stations, expensive base stations are not required.

[0162] Free-space Optical Communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, or a vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for communication or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point OWC system on the ground. FSO can operate at near-infrared frequencies (750–1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used for FSO implementation, and FSO can provide high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), offering a potential solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0163] These OWC technologies were planned for 6G communication in addition to RF-based communication for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul / fronthaul network connections. Although OWC technologies have already been in use since 4G communication systems, they will be used more widely to meet the demands of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and broadband-based FSO communication are already well-known technologies. Communication based on optical radio technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communication.

[0164] LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) can also be utilized for ultra-high resolution 3D mapping in 6G communication based on wide bandwidth. LiDAR refers to a remote sensing method that measures distance by illuminating an object with near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light and detecting the reflected light through an optical sensor. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0165] FSO Backhaul Network

[0166] The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber optic system. Consequently, FSO can be a good technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems in conjunction with fiber optic networks. Using FSO enables very long-distance communication over distances of more than 10,000 km. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote areas such as the ocean, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular backhaul connectivity.

[0167] Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

[0168] 6G systems integrate terrestrial and air networks to support vertically scalable user communications. 3D BS will be provided via low-orbit satellites and UAVs. By adding new dimensions in terms of altitude and associated degrees of freedom, 3D connectivity differs significantly from existing 2D networks. In NR, the Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) is considered as one method for this. An NTN refers to a network or network segment that utilizes RF resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). There are two common scenarios for NTNs that provide access to user equipment: transparent payload and regenerative payload. The following are the basic elements of an NTN.

[0169] - One or more sat-gateways connecting NTN to a public data network

[0170] - GEO satellites are supplied by one or more satellite gateways deployed across a satellite target range (e.g., regional or continental range). We assume that the UEs in a cell are serviced by only one satellite gateway.

[0171] - Non-GEO satellites providing continuous service from one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between continuous service satellite gateways with a time duration sufficient to perform mobility anchoring and handover.

[0172] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0173] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform).

[0174] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. Satellite (or UAS platform) generated beams typically produce multiple beams for a designated service area based on the line of sight. The beam footprint is generally elliptical. The satellite (or UAS platform)'s line of sight depends on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle.

[0175] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload is not altered.

[0176] - Playback Payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, coding / modulation. This is virtually equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functions (e.g., gNB).

[0177] - For satellite deployments, Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) are optional. This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate at RF frequencies or in the broadband.

[0178] - User equipment is serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0179] Generally, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional, or local services.

[0180] Generally, LEO and MEO constellations are used to provide services in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. In some cases, constellations may provide global coverage, including the polar regions. For this to work, appropriate orbital inclination, a sufficiently generated beam, and inter-satellite links are required.

[0181] Quantum Communication

[0182] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that applies quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communications to overcome the limitations of existing technologies, such as security and ultra-high-speed computing. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be represented in the form of 0 and 1 based on binary bits used in conventional communication technologies, or that is difficult to represent. While conventional communication technologies utilize wavelength or amplitude for information transmission between a transmitter and a receiver, quantum communication, in contrast, utilizes photons—the smallest unit of light—for this purpose. In particular, since quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility can be applied to the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), quantum communication possesses the characteristic of enabling communication with guaranteed perfect security. Furthermore, under specific conditions, quantum communication may enable ultra-high-speed communication by utilizing quantum entanglement.

[0183] Cell-free Communication

[0184] The tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial in 6G systems. Consequently, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without the need for any manual configuration on their devices. The best network among available communication technologies is automatically selected. This will break the limitations of the cellular concept in wireless communication. Currently, user movement from one cell to another causes excessive handovers in high-density networks, leading to handover failures, delays, data loss, and the "ping-pong" effect. 6G cell-free communication will overcome all of these issues and provide better QoS.

[0185] Cell-free communication is defined as a “system in which multiple geographically distributed access points (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time and frequency resources with the help of a fronthaul network and a CPU.” A single terminal is served by a set of multiple APs, which is called an AP cluster. There are various ways to form an AP cluster; among them, the method of configuring an AP cluster with APs that can significantly contribute to improving the terminal's reception performance is called terminal-centric clustering. When using this method, the configuration is dynamically updated as the terminal moves. By introducing this terminal-centric AP clustering technique, the terminal is always located at the center of the AP cluster, thereby becoming free from inter-cluster interference that can occur when a terminal is located at the boundary of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies, as well as heterogeneous radios used by different devices.

[0186] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0187] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. In particular, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transmission during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the lifespan of wireless battery charging systems. Therefore, devices without batteries will be supported in 6G communication.

[0188] Integration of Wireless Communication and Sensing

[0189] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously detecting dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communication to support autonomous systems.

[0190] Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

[0191] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected via backhaul connections such as fiber optics and FSO networks. To cope with a very large number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

[0192] Big Data Analysis

[0193] Big data analysis is a complex process for analyzing various large-scale data sets or big data. This process ensures perfect data management by uncovering information such as hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer preferences. Big data is collected from various sources, such as video, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process vast amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0194] Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0195] Numerous studies have been conducted that treat the wireless environment, along with transmitters and receivers, as a variable to be optimized. To emphasize the fundamental difference between wireless environments created through this approach and past design and optimization standards, they are referred to as Smart Radio Environments (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environments (IRE). Regarding reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna technology) as a technology for realizing SRE, various terms have been proposed, such as Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).

[0196] THz band signals exhibit strong directivity, which can lead to numerous dead zones caused by obstacles. Consequently, RIS technology becomes crucial as it allows for the expansion of communication coverage, enhanced communication stability, and the provision of additional value-added services by installing RIS systems near these dead zones. An RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials capable of altering the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS may appear to be an extension of massive MIMO, it differs from massive MIMO in its array structure and operational mechanism. Furthermore, RIS offers the advantage of low power consumption because it operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements—meaning it reflects signals passively without using an active RF chain. Additionally, since each passive reflector in the RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incident signal, this can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift through the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

[0197] There are also RISs that can control transmission and refraction characteristics as well as reflect wireless signals, and such RISs are mainly used for O2I (Outdoor to Indoor). Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides transmission and reflection simultaneously, is also being actively researched.

[0198] Metaverse

[0199] Metaverse is a compound word formed from 'Meta,' meaning virtual or transcendent, and 'Universe,' meaning the universe. Generally, the term metaverse is used to mean something like 'a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities similar to those in the real world are prevalent.'

[0200] Extended Reality (XR), a core technology for implementing the metaverse, can expand real-world experiences and provide a unique sense of immersion through the convergence of the virtual and the real. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks enable users to experience Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) with enhanced immersion.

[0201] Autonomous Driving (Self-driving)

[0202] For perfect autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to alert one another to dangerous situations, or communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to verify information like parking locations and signal change times. V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, including wireless communication between vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I).

[0203] Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety. Furthermore, as the amount of information to be transmitted and received increases significantly in the future—moving beyond the level of delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations—it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving through faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0204] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0205] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones will become a critical element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity is provided using UAV technology. BS entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs possess specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled degrees of freedom for mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most critical technologies for 6G communication.

[0206] Blockchain

[0207] Blockchain will become a critical technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. As a form of distributed ledger technology, a distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchain is managed via a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and can exist without being managed by a centralized authority or server. Data in a blockchain is collected together and organized into blocks. These blocks are linked together and protected using encryption. Blockchain inherently complements large-scale IoT perfectly through enhanced interoperability, security, privacy, stability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology provides various capabilities such as inter-device interoperability, large-scale data traceability, autonomous interaction with other IoT systems, and the large-scale connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0208] <Random Access Channel (RACH) 절차>

[0209] FIGS. 6a through 6e illustrate an example of a RACH procedure applicable to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0210] With reference to FIGS. 6a through 6e, a RACH procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is described. The embodiment of FIGS. 6a through 6e may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0211] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, where RF requirements (e.g., Tx RF performance requirements and / or Rx RF performance requirements) are described, the UE may satisfy these RF requirements. For example, the UE may be tested to satisfy RF requirements (e.g., Tx RF performance requirements and / or Rx RF performance requirements) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a UE satisfying these RF requirements may perform a RACH procedure. When the UE transmits a message, data, signaling, etc. to a gNB, the UE satisfies the Tx RF performance requirements described in the first embodiment of the present specification. When the UE receives a message, data, signaling, etc. from a gNB, the UE satisfies the Rx RF performance requirements described in the present specification.

[0212] To connect a UE to a 5G network, the UE and the 5G network must be synchronized in the uplink and downlink. Downlink synchronization is performed when the UE successfully decodes the SSB transmitted by the gNB. To establish uplink synchronization and an RRC connection, the UE must perform the RACH random access procedure.

[0213] Two types of random access procedures are supported. The two types of random access procedures are a 4-stage Random Access (RA) type using MSG1 and a 2-stage RA type using MSGA.

[0214] The two types of RA procedures can support Contention Based Random Access (CBRA) and Contention Free Random Access (CFRA), respectively, as shown in Figures 6a through 6e below. The UE can select the random access type when starting the random access procedure according to the network configuration.

[0215] Referring to Figures 6a and 6c, a four-step RA type using MSG1 is described.

[0216] The MSG1 of the 4-step RA type includes a PRACH preamble. The UE transmits the MSG1. After the UE transmits the MSG1, the UE monitors the network for a response within a set period.

[0217] In the case of a CBRA according to the example of Fig. 6a, when the UE receives a random access response (MSG2) from the gNB, the UE can transmit MSG3 using a UL grant scheduled by the response message. The UE can then monitor contention resolution. If contention resolution is not successful even after MSG3 (re)transmission, the UE performs MSG1 transmission again.

[0218] In the case of CFRA according to the example of Fig. 6c, a dedicated preamble for transmitting MSG1 is allocated by the network. The gNB transmits the RA preamble allocation to the UE. The UE transmits MSG1 containing the random access preamble to the gNB. When the UE receives a random access response from the network, it terminates the random access procedure.

[0219] Referring to FIGS. 6b, 6d, and 6e, a two-stage RA type is described. The MSGA of the two-stage RA type includes a random access preamble of PRACH and a PUSCH payload. After the UE transmits the MSGA, the UE monitors the response of the network within a set window.

[0220] In the case of a CBRA according to the example of Fig. 6b, if the UE successfully resolves a race after receiving a network response (e.g., MSGB), the UE terminates the random access procedure. If a fallback indication is received within MSGB, the UE performs an MSG3 transmission using the UL grant reserved in the fallback indication as in Fig. 6e and monitors race resolution. If the resolution is not successful after the MSG3 (re)transmission, the UE performs an MSGA transmission again.

[0221] In the case of CFRA according to the example of Fig. 6d, the UE can receive an RA preamble allocation and a PUSCH allocation from the gNB. Then, dedicated preamble and PUSCH resources can be set for MSGA transmission. The UE transmits MSGA. When the UE receives a network response, the UE terminates the random access procedure.

[0222] If the random access procedure of the 2-stage RA type is not completed even after several MSGA transfers, the UE may be configured to switch to the CBRA of the 4-stage RA type.

[0223] Various examples of some procedures and technical specifications related to the present disclosure are as follows. For the various examples below, standard documents may also be referenced.

[0224] For reference, SSB may refer to a Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) block or a Synchronization Signal Block. Descriptions related to SSB in this disclosure may apply equally to Synchronization Signal (SS). As another example, descriptions related to SS in this disclosure may apply equally to SSB.

[0225] For reference, in this disclosure, the term terminal may be used with the same meaning as UE.

[0226] In various examples of the present disclosure, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) state of the terminal may be classified into RRC_IDLE state, RRC_INACTIVE state, and RRC_CONNECTED state. 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.4.0 may be referenced with respect to the RRC_IDLE state, RRC_INACTIVE state, and RRC_CONNECTED state.

[0227] For example, the RRC_IDLE state may be a state where an RRC connection is not established between the terminal and the base station. When the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the base station may not be saving the terminal's Access Stratum (AS) context. When the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may monitor paging messages transmitted from the base station. For mobility management, the terminal may perform a cell selection procedure or a cell reselection procedure.

[0228] For example, the RRC_INACTIVE state may be a new state introduced in 5G. The RRC_INACTIVE state may be a mode for the terminal to quickly transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state upon data occurrence while minimizing signaling overhead in the control plane. In the RRC_INACTIVE state, the RRC connection may be considered suspended. The AS context may be maintained for both the terminal and the base station. Additionally, the connection between the core network (e.g., AMF, and / or UPF, etc.) and the base station (e.g., NG-C / NG-U) may also be maintained. When the terminal is in the RRC_INACTIVE state, the terminal may monitor paging messages transmitted from the base station. For mobility management, the terminal may perform a cell selection procedure or a cell reselection procedure.

[0229] For example, the RRC_CONNECTED state may indicate that an RRC connection has been established between the terminal and the base station. When the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, bidirectional data transmission and / or reception between the terminal and the base station may be possible. An AS context may be maintained between the terminal and the base station. For mobility management, the base station's mobility management procedures (e.g., handover) may be performed. The terminal may perform measurements set by the network and report the results to the base station. The terminal may monitor the paging channel to check for changes in system information, etc.

[0230] In NR-based communication systems, unlike LTE-based communication systems, the Always-on signal is significantly reduced. For example, in LTE, the base station always transmitted the CRS. In contrast, in NR, the base station can transmit the Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) based on the NW settings at a period of at least 5ms to a maximum of 160ms.

[0231] As the number of Always-on signals that can always be transmitted regardless of traffic decreases, NR-based communication systems have achieved superior power saving benefits in terms of networking compared to LTE-based communication systems.

[0232] Nevertheless, even in NR-based communication systems, there was a disadvantage in that the SSB settings could not be changed based on the presence or absence of terminals and / or traffic. For example, when there is no terminal in a cell, or even when there is a terminal but no traffic and the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, the base station can periodically transmit SSBs and consume power.

[0233] If, in NR-based communication, the base station can turn the SSB on / off as needed or change the SSB cycle more dynamically, it will be possible to obtain greater power saving benefits from a network perspective.

[0234] To obtain the aforementioned benefits, an on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) is being discussed. In the disclosure of this specification, on-demand SSB, OD-SSB, on-demand SSB, OD SSB, and on demand SSB may all be used as terms with the same meaning.

[0235] Specifically, 3GPP is discussing on-demand SSB (OD-SSB) as a method of instructing a terminal on the presence or absence of an SSB transmitted from a secondary cell (SCell). Referring to Figure 7 below, examples of assumptions and / or scenarios regarding on-demand SSB will be explained in more detail.

[0236] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0237] FIG. 7 shows an example of an OD-SSB according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0238] The example in Fig. 7 is an example of a scenario in which an on-demand SSB is transmitted.

[0239] In the example of FIG. 7, an OD-SSB indication is illustrated. The OD-SSB indication may be interpreted as an OD-SSB instruction. The OD-SSB indication may also be referred to as information related to OD-SSB. Hereinafter, OD-SSB indication, information related to OD-SSB, OD-SSB information, OD-SSB instruction, OD-SSB activation instruction, OD-SSB activation information, and information related to OD-SSB activation may all be described using terms with the same meaning.

[0240] The terminal may receive an OD-SSB indication from the network. For example, the serving cell may transmit an OD-SSB indication to the terminal. For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, the term terminal may be used interchangeably with User Equipment (UE).

[0241] Referring to FIG. 7, the terminal can receive SCell settings from the NW. For example, the terminal can receive SCell-related settings from the PCell. When the terminal receives SCell settings from the NW, the terminal can receive OD-SSB instructions. For example, a base station (e.g., PCell) can transmit OD-SSB instructions to the terminal.

[0242] In this situation, the terminal may not expect to detect or measure the OD-SSB before receiving the OD-SSB instruction. For example, the terminal may not expect to receive the OD-SSB before receiving the OD-SSB instruction.

[0243] The terminal may receive instructions for OD-SSB based on Medium Access Control Element (MAC-CE) or Radio Resource Control (RRC) settings (or RRC signaling). For example, the terminal may receive a MAC-CE containing an OD-SSB indication (e.g., OD-SSB enable indication) or an RRC message containing an OD-SSB indication (e.g., OD-SSB enable indication).

[0244] If the terminal receives an instruction for an OD-SSB based on MAC-CE or RRC settings, the terminal may perform detection or measurement of the OD-SSB. The terminal may also receive information related to the period and / or frequency associated with the OD-SSB (e.g., information about the frequency at which the OD-SSB is transmitted) in advance prior to the OD-SSB instruction (e.g., before the terminal receives the OD-SSB instruction). For example, a network (e.g., PCell) may transmit information related to the period and / or frequency associated with the OD-SSB (e.g., information about the frequency at which the OD-SSB is transmitted) to the terminal.

[0245] In some implementations, for OD-SSB, a non-cell defining SSB (NCD-SSB) may be assumed. For example, OD-SSB may be based on NCD-SSB.

[0246] In some implementations, the center frequency of the SSB may not be located in the sync raster used by existing terminals.

[0247] Below, Case 1 and Case 2 illustrated in FIG. 7 are described. Case 1 and Case 2 are examples of scenarios in which OD-SSB is used. The manner in which OD-SSB is used is not limited to Case 1 and Case 2.

[0248] In Case 1 of FIG. 7, the terminal may not receive an Always-on SSB (AO-SSB, or default SSB, or reference SSB) from the SCell (or in relation to the SCell). In this case, the terminal may not expect to detect and measure an SSB before receiving an OD-SSB instruction. For example, the terminal may not expect to detect and / or measure an SSB in relation to the SCell before receiving an OD-SSB. If the terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction in Case 1, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB. For example, if the terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB after a given period of time. For example, the NW (Network) may initiate SSB transmission (e.g., transmission of OD-SSB) only when necessary to obtain power saving benefits.

[0249] For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, Always-on SSB, AO-SSB, default SSB, or reference SSB may all be used as terms with the same meaning. AO-SSB may refer to a conventional SSB that is always transmitted in a network. For example, the following description may apply to an AO-SSB (e.g., first SSB). Based on the frequency position provided by the absoluteFrequencySSB on the SCell, the transmission of the first SS / PBCH block (SSB) to the UE may be indicated.

[0250] In Case 2 of Fig. 7, the terminal may receive an AO-SSB from the SCell (or in relation to the SCell). For reference, the AO-SSB may be a cell defining SSB (CD-SSB) or an NCD-SSB. The center frequency of the AO-SSB may exist above the sync raster (or be located on the sync raster). The terminal may detect the AO-SSB based on a set period (e.g., a period related to the AO-SSB). For example, the terminal may detect the SCell's SO-SSB based on a set period. The NW may wish to use an OD-SSB as needed. In this case, the NW (e.g., PCell) may transmit an OD-SSB instruction to the terminal. If the NW wishes to send SSBs more frequently as needed, the NW may transmit an OD-SSB instruction. For example, in this case, the NW may transmit an OD-SSB instruction to the terminal. When a terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB. For example, when a terminal receives an OD-SSB instruction, the terminal may receive the OD-SSB after a given period of time.

[0251] For example, a network (e.g., PCell) can transmit SSB (e.g., OD-SSB) at long intervals and, if necessary, change the SSB transmission to be more dense (e.g., change the SBB transmission interval to be shorter) to obtain power saving benefits.

[0252] However, according to conventional technology, there is a problem in that the terminal is not supported to perform measurements based on always-on SSB and / or on-demand SSB.

[0253] Referring to Fig. 8, an example of SSB adaptation is explained.

[0254] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0255] FIG. 8 shows an example of SSB adaptation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0256] To gain power consumption, a method in which the NW dynamically changes the period of the SSB is also being discussed. As shown in the example in Fig. 8, the terminal can receive an SSB adaptation indication at a certain point in time. In this case, the terminal can receive the SSB based on the changed period.

[0257] The terminal can receive an SSB adaptation indication for an SSB transmitted from a Primary Cell (PCell) and / or a Secondary Cell (SCell). The PCell and / or SCell can transmit the SSB adaptation indication to the terminal.

[0258] 1. First example of the disclosure of this specification

[0259] In the first example of the disclosure of this specification, examples of measurement requirements related to OD-SSB are described. For example, examples of non-periodic measurement requirements related to OD-SSB are described.

[0260] In some implementations, when the terminal is in an RRC CONNECTED state, the terminal may operate in accordance with the description of the first example of the present disclosure.

[0261] According to the prior art, a terminal can perform L3 measurements based on a measurement period. For reference, the L3 measurement may be a measurement related to radio quality performed at the terminal's RRC layer. According to the prior art, the measurement period is based on a multiple of a constant period, such as a multiple of the SSB-based Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) period or a multiple of the measCycleSCell (e.g., a measurement cycle associated with the SCell). For example, the prior art measurement period was defined based on the assumption that the SSB or SMTC is transmitted at equal intervals.

[0262] Meanwhile, the base station may transmit AO-SSB and OD-SSB simultaneously. An example of an applicable measurement period in this case is shown in Fig. 9.

[0263] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0264] FIG. 9 shows an example of a measurement period according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0265] Referring to the example in Fig. 9, only AO-SSB represents an example of a measurement period when only the base station's AO-SSB is transmitted. For example, if the number of SSB samples required for L3 measurement is 4, the measurement period of only AO-SSB may be 4 times the period of AO-SSB as shown.

[0266] Referring to the example in Fig. 9, AO-SSB+OD-SSB represents an example of a measurement period when a base station transmits AO-SSB and OD-SSB. When a base station transmits AO-SSB and OD-SSB simultaneously, if the frequency and beam associated with AO-SSB are the same as the frequency and beam associated with OD-SSB, AO-SSB and OD-SSB can be considered and measured as a single SSB, as shown in Fig. 9. For example, if the number of SSB samples required for L3 measurement is 4, the measurement period of AO-SSB+OD-SSB may be twice the period of AO-SSB as illustrated.

[0267] For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, a beam related to AO-SSB (or AO-SS) or a beam of AO-SSB (or AO-SS) may refer to a beam used by a base station when transmitting AO-SSB (or AO-SS). A beam related to OD-SSB (or OD-SS) or a beam of OD-SSB (or OD-SS) may refer to a beam used by a base station when transmitting OD-SSB (or OD-SS). For example, if the SSB index of OD-SSB (or OD-SS) and the SSB index of AO-SSB (or AO-SS) are the same, the terminal may determine that the beam related to AO-SSB (or AO-SS) is the same as the beam related to OD-SSB (or OD-SS).

[0268] Referring to the example in Fig. 9, when the base station transmits AO-SSB and OD-SSB simultaneously, an SSB may be added (e.g., an OD-SSB may be added). Accordingly, the terminal can gain the benefit of performing measurements quickly and reporting measurement results based on a shorter measurement period.

[0269] Meanwhile, in the example of FIG. 9, the offset of AO-SSB and OD-SSB (e.g., the offset of OD-SSB relative to AO-SSB, the interval between OD-SSB and AO-SSB) is set to half of AO-SSB. In this case, the interval between the SSBs (e.g., AO-SSB and OD-SSB) can be considered equal.

[0270] However, this assumption is not always valid. For example, depending on the offset between AO-SSB and OD-SSB or the difference between the period of AO-SSB and the period of OD-SSB, the intervals between SSBs (e.g., AO-SSB and OD-SSB) may not be equal. For example, in this case, the SSBs (e.g., AO-SSB and OD-SSB) may appear to be transmitted non-periodicly.

[0271] In the prior art, the measurement period for measuring signals transmitted non-periodically is not defined. As a result, according to the prior art, when a base station transmits both AO-SSB and OD-SSB, there is a problem that the terminal cannot effectively and / or accurately perform measurements related to AO-SSB and OD-SSB.

[0272] Below, examples of measurement periods are described for cases where a base station transmits both AO-SSB and OD-SSB. For example, examples of measurement periods related to measuring non-periodic signals (e.g., AO-SSB and OD-SSB) are described.

[0273] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the operation of a terminal related to L3 measurement is described when OD-SSB is set or SSB adaptation is set. An embodiment according to the operation of the terminal described in one embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to deactivated SCell L3 measurement, PSS / SSS detection, SSB index acquisition, and / or SCell L3 measurement.

[0274] Referring to Fig. 10, examples of non-periodic measurements are described. For instance, referring to Fig. 10, examples of measurement periods according to the offset of OD-SSB are described when the period of AO-SSB is 40 ms and the period of OD-SSB is 40 ms.

[0275] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0276] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a non-periodic measurement according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0277] According to the example of FIG. 10, AO-SSB and OD-SSB are illustrated. The AO-SSB of FIG. 10 may be an AO-SSB burst. The OD-SSB of FIG. 10 may be an OD-SSB burst.

[0278] FIG. 10 illustrates an example in which there is one OD-SSB within the period of AO-SSB, or one SMTC detecting OD-SSB within the period of SMTC detecting AO-SSB. Additionally, in the example of FIG. 10, the frequency, period of AO-SSB, and beam related to AO-SSB may be the same as the frequency, period of OD-SSB, and beam related to OD-SSB. In such a case, FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a terminal performing a measurement related to SSB and an example of a measurement period.

[0279] Referring to the example in FIG. 10, the terminal can measure AO-SSB and OD-SSB based on a measurement period based on various offset settings of AO-SSB and OD-SSB. For example, in the example in FIG. 10, the number of samples required for the terminal to perform measurements related to SSB may be three. For example, the measurement period of the terminal may be set to the time during which the terminal receives three SSBs including AO-SSB and OD-SSB.

[0280] According to the example in Fig. 10, the period of AO-SSB and the period of OD-SSB are 40ms. In the example in Fig. 10, the respective measurement periods are shown when the offset of AO-SSB and OD-SSB is 20ms, 15ms, or 10ms.

[0281] A measurement period such as the example in FIG. 10 may be defined based on at least one of the following mathematical formulas. For example, a terminal may calculate a measurement period based on at least one of the following mathematical formulas.

[0282] - Mathematical formula 1) T AO_SSB *(N req_sample / 2) + MOD(N req_sample ,2)*(T offset / T AO_SSB -1 / 2)* T offset[ms]; and / or

[0283] - Mathematical formula 2) T AO_SSB *FLOOR(N req_sample / 2) + MOD(N req_sample ,2)*T offset [ms]

[0284] Here,

[0285] T AO_SSB can be the period (ms) of the AO-SSB or the period (ms) of the SMTC detecting the AO-SSB. N req_sample can be the number of SSB bursts that satisfy a requirement (e.g., a requirement related to the measurement) or accuracy (e.g., accuracy related to the measurement). For example, N req_sample can be the number of samples required for measurement. T offset can be the offset (ms) between AO-SSB and OD-SSB. FLOOR can be a floor function. MOD can be a modular function. In some implementations, Equation 1 is N req_sample It is applicable when this is an even number, and mathematical formula 2 is N req_sample It is applicable when this is an odd number. In this case, MOD(N of Equation 1 req_sample ,2)=0 can have a value, and MOD(N of mathematical formula 2 req_sample ,2)=1 can have a value.

[0286] However, the example in Fig. 10 is limited to cases where there is only one OD-SSB burst within the AO-SSB period. In more general cases, the measurement period may change depending on the ratio of the number of OD-SSB bursts within the AO-SSB period.

[0287] Referring to Fig. 11, an example of a measurement period is described in which there are M OD-SSB bursts (M>=1) within the AO-SSB cycle, or M SMTCs detecting OD-SSB within the SMTC cycle detecting AO-SSB.

[0288] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0289] FIG. 11 shows an example of measurement according to the number of samples required according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0290] In the example of FIG. 11, an example is shown in which there are M OD-SSB bursts (M>=1) within the AO-SSB period, or M SMTCs detecting OD-SSB within the SMTC period detecting AO-SSB. Additionally, in the example of FIG. 11, the frequency and beam of the AO-SSB are the same as the frequency and beam of the OD-SSB. In this case, an example of a terminal performing a measurement based on SSB and a measurement period are shown in FIG. 11.

[0291] Referring to FIG. 11, the terminal can measure AO-SSB and OD-SSB based on a measurement period based on the ratio of various AO-SSB and OD-SSB (e.g., the number of OD-SSBs (or OD-SSB bursts) existing within the period of AO-SSB). For example, if one or more OD-SSBs (or OD-SSB bursts) exist within the period of AO-SSB, the measurement period can be defined based on Equation 3. For example, the terminal can calculate the measurement period based on Equation 3.

[0292] - Mathematical Equation 3) T AO_SSB *CEIL(N req_sample / (1+N OD_SSB )) [ms]

[0293] Here,

[0294] T AO_SSBcan be the period (ms) of AO-SSB or the period (ms) of SMTC detecting AO-SSB.

[0295] N req_sample ≠ req_sample It can also be referred to as the number of samples required for measurement.

[0296] N OD_SSB = M, which may be the number of OD-SSB bursts existing within the AO-SSB period.

[0297] CEIL can be a ceiling function.

[0298] The terminal can measure the required SSB within the measurement period based on mathematical formula 3.

[0299] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a non-periodic measurement of a terminal. For example, in FIG. 11, the period of AO-SSB may be 40 ms and the period of OD-SSB may be 20 ms. FIG. 11 shows examples of measurement periods for cases where 1 to 7 samples are required. In the example of FIG. 11, the offset between AO-SSB and OD-SSB may be 5 ms.

[0300] In the example of FIG. 11, when the required SSB burst is 1 (required sample=1), the terminal can measure at least 1 SSB burst within 1 AO-SSB cycle. According to Equation 3, the measurement period can be 40*CEIL (1 / (1+2)) = 40ms. Within the 40ms measurement period, 1 AO-SSB and 2 OD-SSBs can be received. Which SSB the terminal measures during the measurement period can be determined by the terminal implementation.

[0301] In the example of FIG. 11, when the required SSB burst is 2 (required sample=2), the terminal can measure at least 2 SSB bursts within 1 AO-SSB cycle. According to Equation 3, the measurement period can be 40*CEIL (2 / (1+2)) = 40ms. Within the 40ms measurement period, 1 AO-SSB and 2 OD-SSBs can be received. Which SSB the terminal measures during the measurement period can be determined by the terminal implementation.

[0302] In the example of FIG. 11, when the required sample is 3 SSB bursts, the terminal can measure at least 3 SSB bursts within 1 AO-SSB cycle. According to Equation 3, the measurement period can be 40*CEIL (3 / (1+2)) = 40ms. Within the measurement period of 40ms, 1 AO-SSB and 2 OD-SSBs can be received. Which SSB the terminal measures during the measurement period can be determined by the terminal implementation.

[0303] In the example of FIG. 11, when the required SSB burst is 4 (required sample=4), the terminal can measure at least 4 SSB bursts within 2 AO-SSB cycles. According to Equation 3, the measurement period can be 40*CEIL (4 / (1+2)) = 80ms. Within the 80ms measurement period, 2 AO-SSBs and 4 OD-SSBs can be received. Which SSB to measure during the measurement period can be determined by the terminal implementation.

[0304] In the example of FIG. 11, when the required sample is 5 SSB bursts, the terminal can measure at least 5 SSB bursts within 2 AO-SSB cycles. According to Equation 3, the measurement period can be 40*CEIL (5 / (1+2)) = 80ms. Within the measurement period of 80ms, 2 AO-SSBs and 4 OD-SSBs can be received. Which SSBs to measure during the measurement period can be determined by the terminal implementation.

[0305] In the example of FIG. 11, when the required sample is 6 SSB bursts, the terminal can measure at least 6 SSB bursts within 2 AO-SSB cycles. According to Equation 3, the measurement period can be 40*CEIL (6 / (1+2)) = 80ms. Within the 80ms measurement period, 2 AO-SSBs and 4 OD-SSBs can be received. Which SSBs to measure during the measurement period can be determined by the terminal implementation.

[0306] In the example of FIG. 11, when the required sample is 7 SSB bursts, the terminal can measure at least 7 SSB bursts in 3 AO-SSB cycles. According to Equation 3, the measurement period can be 40*CEIL (7 / (1+2)) = 120ms. Within the measurement period of 120ms, 3 AO-SSBs and 6 OD-SSBs can be received. Which SSBs to measure during the measurement period can be determined by the terminal implementation.

[0307] In some implementations, N OD_SSB In the case where = 1 (e.g., when M=1), the following explanation may apply to Equation 3. N OD_SSBThe case where = 1 (e.g., M=1) may mean that the period of AO-SSB is the same as the period of OD-SSB, or that the SMTC period associated with AO-SSB is the same as the SMTC period associated with OD-SSB. In this case, T in Equation 3 AO_SSB may refer to the period of AO-SSB or the period of the SMTC detecting AO-SSB. In addition, T in Equation 3 AO_SSB may refer to the OD-SSB period or the SMTC period for detecting OD-SSB. N in Equation 3 OD_SSB can refer to the number of OD-SSB bursts existing within the AO-SSB cycle. Also, N in Equation 3 OD_SSB may also refer to the number of AO-SSB bursts existing within the OD-SSB period. If the AO-SSB period is the same as the OD-SSB period, or if the SMTC period associated with AO-SSB is the same as the SMTC period associated with OD-SSB, then N OD_SSB It can be 1.

[0308] In some implementations, Equation 3 can be applied to intra-frequency measurement requirements. For example, when M is 1 and the period of AO-SSB and the period of OD-SSB are the same, examples of intra-frequency measurement requirements with Equation 3 applied are shown in Tables 7 and 8.

[0309] DRX cycleTSSB_measurement_period_intraNo DRXCeil(5 * K p / (1+N OD_SSB )) * OD-SSB-period * CSSF intra DRX cycle≤ 320msCeil(5 * K p / (1+N OD_SSB )) * max(OD-SSB-period, 1.5xDRX cycle) * CSSF intra DRX cycle> 320msCeil(5 * K p / (1+NOD_SSB )) * max(OD-SSB-period, DRX cycle) * CSSF intra

[0310] Table 7 shows examples of measurement periods for intra-frequency measurements in FR1 when there is no gap (e.g., measurement gap). The measurement periods in Table 7 can be applied to a deactivated SCell.

[0311] TSSB_measurement_period_intra may be the measurement period for intra-frequency measurements at FR1. Kp may be a scaling factor for the SSB frequency hierarchy measured without a measurement gap. CSSF intra can be a carrier-specific scaling factor. For example, CSSF intra can be defined in 3GPP TS 38.133 V18.8.0. DRX cycle can be the period of Discontinuous Reception (DRX). Ceil can be a ceiling function. max(x, y) means the largest value between x and y. N OD_SSB may be the number of OD-SSB bursts existing within the AO-SSB period. OD-SSB-period may refer to the period of OD-SSB.

[0312] DRX cycleTSSB_measurement_period_intraNo DRXCeil(M meas_period_w / o_gaps x K p / (1+N OD_SSB )) x OD-SSB-period x CSSF intra DRX cycle≤ 320 msCeil(M meas_period_w / o_gaps x K p / (1+N OD_SSB )) x max(OD-SSB-period, 1.5xDRX cycle) x CSSF intra DRX cycle> 320 msCeil(M meas_period_w / o_gaps x K p / (1+NOD_SSB )) x max(OD-SSB-period, DRX cycle) x CSSF intra

[0313] Table 8 shows examples of measurement periods for intra-frequency measurements in FR2 when there is no gap (e.g., measurement gap). The measurement periods in Table 8 can be applied to a deactivated SCell.

[0314] TSSB_measurement_period_intra may be the measurement period for intra-frequency measurements at FR1. Kp may be a scaling factor for the SSB frequency hierarchy measured without a measurement gap. CSSF intra can be a carrier-specific scaling factor. For example, CSSF intra can be defined in 3GPP TS 38.133 V18.8.0. The DRX cycle can be the period of Discontinuous Reception (DRX). Ceil can be a ceiling function. max(x, y) means the largest value between x and y. N OD_SSB may be the number of OD-SSB bursts existing within the AO-SSB period. OD-SSB-period may refer to the period of OD-SSB.

[0315] In some implementations, the number of SSBs required for measurement (e.g., the number of samples required) (N req_sample ) and the number of OD-SSBs within the AO-SSB cycle (N OD_SSB Examples of measurement periods based on mathematical formula 3 according to ) are shown in Table 9.

[0316] Number of samples required (N req_sample ) / Measurement period (Number of AO-SSB cycles) Number of OD-SSB bursts within a single AO-SSB cycle (N OD_SSB )12345678910111223344552111222333441111122222811111111112161111111111

[0317] In the example in Table 9, column 1 is the number of OD-SSB bursts within a single AO-SSB cycle (N OD_SSB ) represents. In the example in Table 9, columns 2 through 11 of row 2 represent the number of samples required (N req_sample It represents ).

[0318] In the example in Table 9, the measurement period is expressed as the number of periods of AO-SSB.

[0319] For example, the number of OD-SSB bursts within a single AO-SSB cycle (N OD_SSB There are 2 ) and the required sample(N req_sample If there are 5 of them, the measurement period can be 2 AO-SSB cycles.

[0320] Referring to the example in Table 9, if the OD-SSB period becomes much shorter than the AO-SSB period (e.g., the number of OD-SSBs within a single AO-SSB period (e.g., the number of OD-SSB bursts)) (N OD_SSB (when ) is 16), the number of required samples (N req_sample Regardless of ), the measurement period can be a 1*AO-SSB period.

[0321] In some implementations, referring to the example in Table 9, if the difference between the periods of AO-SSB and OD-SSB becomes large (e.g., if the period of OD-SSB becomes much shorter than the period of AO-SSB), the minimum unit of the measurement period based on the AO-SSB period may become too large for the time required to satisfy the number of samples needed. In this case, the delay may become too large for the minimum unit of the measurement period based on the AO-SSB period to cover the entire measurement. For example, assume a situation where AO-SSB is transmitted every 160ms and OD-SSB is transmitted every 20ms. In this case, if 3 SSB samples are required, the terminal can satisfy a measurement window of 60ms by measuring only the OD-SSB. On the other hand, since one period of AO-SSB is 160ms, the delay may be too large. In this case, measurement based on AO-SSB may be inefficient. Therefore, if the period of the OD-SSB is smaller than the period of the AO-SSB by a certain amount (e.g., if the period of the OD-SSB is less than 1 / 8 of the period of the AO-SSB), the terminal may prioritize the measurement of the OD-SSB. For example, in some implementations, in such cases, even if both the OD-SSB and the AO-SSB are transmitted, the terminal may measure only the OD-SSB.

[0322] 2. Second example of the disclosure of this specification

[0323] In NR-based communication systems, unlike LTE-based communication systems, the use of Always-on signals has been significantly reduced. For example, in LTE, base stations always transmitted CRS in every slot. On the other hand, unlike CRS, in 5G, based on the NW configuration, base stations can transmit SSB based on a period of at least 5ms to a maximum of 160ms.

[0324] As the number of Always-on signals that can always be transmitted regardless of traffic decreases, NR-based communication systems have achieved superior power saving gains in terms of network compared to LTE-based communication systems.

[0325] Nevertheless, NR-based communication systems also have the disadvantage that they cannot change the SSB settings based on the presence or absence of terminals and / or traffic. For example, a network (e.g., a base station) may set the SSB period to 20ms to minimize latency and interference between adjacent cells. The network (e.g., a base station) can transmit the SSB based on the set SSB period (e.g., 20ms). However, the network (e.g., a base station) cannot further change the set SSB period (e.g., 20ms). For instance, if a terminal is not present in a specific cell, or / or even if a terminal is present in a specific cell but is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, there may be no traffic related to the terminal. Even in such cases, since the network (e.g., a base station) must transmit the SSB based on the set SSB period (e.g., 20ms), there is a problem of power consumption by the network (e.g., a base station).

[0326] For example, when the terminal enters RRC_IDLE mode and / or RRC_INACTIVE mode, the terminal stops transmitting and receiving data and may receive one of DRX cycles {320, 640, 1280, 2560}ms. During the ON period of each DRX cycle, the terminal searches for Paging messages, and during the OFF period, the terminal may operate in a power reduction mode to reduce energy consumption. In RRC_IDLE mode and / or RRC_INACTIVE mode, for mobility support, the terminal is required to measure and evaluate the serving cell and / or adjacent cell during each DRX cycle. In some implementations, the terminal may perform measurements beyond the required number of measurements to obtain measurements at the cell edge, or for AGC coordination and time / frequency tracking.

[0327] According to conventional technology, since the network must periodically transmit SSB under any circumstances, there is a problem that network resources and / or power are wasted.

[0328] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, if a network (e.g., a base station) can turn the SSB on / off as needed, and / or if a network (e.g., a base station) can dynamically change the cycle of the SSB, greater power saving benefits can be obtained from a NW perspective. In a new release of NR or a new communication system (6G), a structure that can dynamically set the SSB or synchronization signal (SS) depending on the situation needs to be discussed.

[0329] In addition, in conventional 5G, the operation of dynamically changing the SS period, SSB period, or SMTC period was supported only when the terminal was in the RRC_CONNECTED state.

[0330] Even when the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, it is necessary to support dynamic changes to the SS period, SSB period, or SMTC period. For example, to save network energy, it may be necessary to extend the SS period, SSB period, or SMTC period.

[0331] However, according to conventional technology, there is a problem in that operations in which the SS period, SSB period, or SMTC period is dynamically changed are not effectively supported. Furthermore, when the SS period, SSB period, or SMTC period becomes long, the terminal cannot effectively and / or accurately perform evaluation and / or measurement of the serving cell and / or adjacent cell. For example, there is a problem in that requirements related to the evaluation of the serving cell and / or requirements related to the evaluation of adjacent cells are not defined.

[0332] For example, when the period of the SS (e.g., SSB) or the period of the SMTC is long, or / or when the period of the SS (e.g., SSB) or the period of the SMTC changes dynamically, there is a problem in that the terminal cannot communicate effectively and / or accurately with the serving cell and / or adjacent cell.

[0333] In some implementations, if the SS can be dynamically configured, the network (e.g., base station) may minimize the Always-on signal to reduce power consumption. For example, the network (e.g., base station) may set the SS period to long and change the SS period to short as needed. For example, the network (e.g., base station) may transmit the SS based on a 160ms period and then transmit the SS based on a 20ms period as needed. In this case, the network (e.g., base station) can obtain up to an 8x reduction in power consumption compared to transmitting the SS based on a 20ms period when transmitting the SS based on a 160ms period.

[0334] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0335] FIG. 12 shows an example of SS transmitted over a long period according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0336] The example in FIG. 12 illustrates an example where a network (e.g., a base station) transmits SS based on a sparse period. In the example in FIG. 12, the DRX cycle of the terminal may be 320 ms.

[0337] If a network (e.g., a base station) wants to reduce power consumption, the network (e.g., a base station) may always transmit SS sparsely (e.g., the period of the SS may be 160ms). In this case, due to channel fading, a problem may arise in which it is difficult for the terminal to perform quality measurement, mobility, and / or paging message acquisition.

[0338] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, examples of actions performed by the network and / or the terminal are described when the terminal is in RRC_IDLE mode and / or RRC_INACTIVE mode and the network (e.g., base station) transmits SS sparsely (e.g., when the period of the SS is long). For example, in some implementations, examples of how the terminal performs serving cell evaluation and / or adjacent cell evaluation are described. In some implementations, examples of requirements when the terminal requests an SS are described.

[0339] With respect to the technologies described in the present disclosure below, it is assumed that the terminal is in RRC_IDLE mode (or state) and / or RRC_INACTIVE mode (or state), but this is merely an example; the scope of the disclosure of the present specification may also apply even if the terminal is not in RRC_IDLE mode (or state) and / or RRC_INACTIVE mode (or state).

[0340] Referring to the examples in FIG. 13a and FIG. 13b, examples of scenarios to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable are described.

[0341] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0342] FIGS. 13a and FIGS. 13b illustrate examples of placement scenarios for a long-cycle SS according to one embodiment of the disclosure of this specification.

[0343] FIGS. 13a and FIGS. 13b illustrate examples of placement scenarios for sparse synchronization signals when the terminal is in RRC_IDLE mode (or state) and / or RRC_INACTIVE mode (or state).

[0344] Referring to FIGS. 13a and 13b, examples of deployment scenarios are illustrated according to one embodiment of the present disclosure when a terminal is in RRC_IDLE mode (or state) and / or RRC_INACTIVE mode (or state). For example, FIG. 13a illustrates an example of deployment between a terminal and a base station when SS is transmitted sparsely, and FIG. 13b illustrates an example of deployment between a terminal and a base station when SS is not transmitted.

[0345] Referring to Fig. 13a, Scenario 1 is illustrated in which an AO-SS (always-on synchronization signal) is present. Referring to Fig. 13b, Scenario 2 is illustrated in which a Network Energy Saving (NES) cell may or may not have an AO-SS.

[0346] For reference, the designation "NES cell" in the disclosure of this specification is merely illustrative, and the cell related to the NES cell may also apply to a cell that does not contain the word "NES" or a cell that contains a different word instead of "NES". For example, the NES cell may be a PCell or a SCell.

[0347] In Scenario 1 of FIG. 13a, the terminal may receive an AO-SS from a serving cell (or anchor cell). At this time, for NES and / or network energy saving gain, it may be assumed that the base station transmits the AO-SSB based on a very large period. The terminal may trigger a request for an OD-SS (on-demand synchronization signal) to evaluate the quality of the serving cell at the cell edge, and / or to evaluate the quality of the serving cell more densely (or more accurately) in a mobility situation. If the request is triggered, the terminal may transmit a request for an OD-SS to the serving cell from an configured resource. When the serving cell detects the terminal's request, the serving cell may transmit the OD-SS or transmit the AO-SS and OD-SS (e.g., AO-SS+OD-SS). The terminal can detect SS (e.g., OD-SS or AO-SS+OD-SS) after the request to detect serving cells more densely (or more accurately) or / or evaluate the quality of serving cells more densely (or more accurately).

[0348] For reference, in the present disclosure, the configured resource may be a resource related to an uplink channel. For example, a base station may transmit an RRC message containing information related to the configured resource to a terminal. For example, the terminal may transmit an uplink channel containing a request for OD-SS to a serving cell. For example, the uplink channel may be a channel related to random access (e.g., Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), a channel related to uplink control (e.g., Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), or an uplink shared channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), etc. For example, in the disclosure of the present specification, the statement that a terminal can detect a serving cell more densely (or more accurately) and / or evaluate the quality of a serving cell more densely (or more accurately) may mean the following. For example, this may mean that within a certain period, the number of times the terminal receives an OD-SS, or an AO-SS and an OD-SS (e.g., AO-SS+OD-SS) within a certain period after the terminal sends a request for an OD-SS is greater than the number of times the terminal receives an AO-SS that was previously transmitted sparingly within a certain period.

[0349] In Scenario 2 of FIG. 13b, the terminal can receive an AO-SS from a serving cell (or anchor cell). The terminal can move from the serving cell to an NES cell. The NES cell may or may not transmit an AO-SS.

[0350] For reference, an NES cell may be a PCell (primary cell) with the same frequency as the Anchor cell, but it may also be a cell with different CCs (component carriers) within the same serving cell.

[0351] The NES cell of FIG. 13b may transmit SS very sparsely, transmit only some signals, or transmit no SS at all. The terminal may have received the configuration for the NES cell from the anchor cell. However, the terminal may not know whether it is currently located within the coverage of the NES cell. The terminal may transmit an OD-SS request on the resources configured by the serving cell. At this time, to increase the probability of detection at the base station, the terminal may transmit multiple OD-SS requests. If the NES cell detects the terminal's OD-SS request, the NES cell may transmit an SS (e.g., OD-SS). The terminal can evaluate the NES cell by detecting the SS given after the request (e.g., the NES cell's SS).

[0352] Generally, when the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the terminal can obtain downlink timing (e.g., slot boundary, and / or frame boundary) based on the measured SS. When the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, there is no requirement for timing accuracy because the terminal does not perform operations such as sending or receiving data or transmitting uplink feedback. The terminal can calculate the approximate downlink timing based on the measured SS and, if necessary, transmit the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) based on the downlink timing. In the following description, it is assumed that the terminal can estimate the downlink timing based on the Anchor cell's AO-SS.

[0353] Below, examples of measurement and / or evaluation for serving cells in a sparse SS scenario are described.

[0354] Generally, when a terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the terminal may obtain at least one of SS downlink timing, frequency measurement, AGC adjustment, or cell ID while measuring SS. To obtain the above information (e.g., at least one of SS downlink timing, frequency measurement, AGC adjustment, and cell ID), the terminal may be required to measure SS at regular intervals. To reduce power consumption, the network (e.g., base station) may transmit AO-SS (e.g., AO-SS measured by the terminal at regular intervals) sparsely. In the various examples below, the transmission of NW related to sparse SS (e.g., AO-SS transmitted at long intervals) and / or reception by the terminal are described when the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state.

[0355] For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, the term SS period may be used interchangeably with SMTC (e.g., time window for measuring SS) period.

[0356] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, if there is an AO-SS transmitted by an Anchor cell or an NES cell, an example of a terminal receiving an AO-SS may include at least one of the following examples 1 to 3.

[0357] Example 1: An example where the SS period is divided into Long period and Short period.

[0358] In some implementations, the setting of the SS period may be divided into a Long period and a Short period. For example, a network (e.g., a base station) may set the SS period to either a Long period or a Short period. For example, a network (e.g., a base station) may set the AO-SS period to a Long period. If a terminal requests it (e.g., if the terminal transmits a request for an OD-SS), the network (e.g., a base station) may set the OD-SS period to a Short period and transmit the OD-SS based on the Short period.

[0359] For reference, in this disclosure, the Long period may be referred to as the First period. The Short period may be referred to as the Second period.

[0360] According to one embodiment, the Long period and the Short period may be explicitly distinguished by and / or different settings.

[0361] According to another embodiment, a Long period and a Short period may be included in a single setting. If a network (e.g., a base station) directs or sets two of the periods included in a single setting, the longer period among the two periods may be applied as the Long period and the shorter period as the Short period.

[0362] In some implementations, the candidate period for a Long period and the candidate period for a Short period may partially or completely overlap. However, the Long period set by the NW can always be larger than the Short period. In some implementations, the Long period cannot be larger than the DRX cycle period. Examples of Long and Short periods are as follows:

[0363] - For example, a Long period example can be {80, 160, 320, 640} ms or a DRX cycle. A Short period example can be {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms. For example, candidate periods for a Long period example can contain one or more values, and candidate periods for a Short period example can contain one or more values. Candidate periods for a Long period example and candidate periods for a Short period example may or may not overlap.

[0364] - As another example, the Long period example can be {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320} ms. The Short period example can be {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320} ms. For example, the candidate period of the Long period example can contain one or more values, and the candidate period of the Short period example can contain one or more values. The candidate period of the Long period example and the candidate period of the Short period example may be the same.

[0365] In some implementations, after the terminal transmits a request for OD-SS, the terminal may measure SS based on a Short period. After a set period of time, the terminal may measure SS based on a Long period. For example, the set period of time may be based on at least one of the following:

[0366] - ms unit timer;

[0367] - Integer multiple of DRX cycle;

[0368] - Integer multiples of the short period; and / or

[0369] - Integer multiples of the Long period.

[0370] In some implementations, measurement requirements such as the following examples may be applied to terminals.

[0371] 1) If the network sets the SS period to a Long period for the terminal, the following description may apply. In this case, the terminal must measure the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell and evaluate the Cell Selection Criterion S for the serving cell at least once every M*DRX cycle. Here, M may be a positive integer. For reference, in various examples of this disclosure, the network may not explicitly inform the terminal of the expressions Long period or Short period. For example, the terminal may understand the AO-SS period as a Long period and the OD-SS period as a Long period. At least one of the following descriptions may apply:

[0372] - M may vary depending on the SMTC period and / or DRX cycle period. For example, M may be 2 if the SMTC period is greater than 20 ms and the DRX cycle is ≤ 0.64 seconds, and 1 otherwise;

[0373] - In some implementations, the terminal must filter the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ measures of the serving cell using at least two measures. For example, the terminal may calculate an average, use a weighted sum, or choose to use at least two SS-RSRP and / or SS-RSRQ measures. In the set of measures used for filtering, two RSRP and / or SS-RSRQ measures must be spaced apart by an interval of at least DRX cycles / 2;

[0374] - The terminal may evaluate that the serving cell does not satisfy the cell selection criterion S during Nserv DRX cycles. In this case, the terminal must initiate measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of measurement rules restricting current measurement activities; and / or

[0375] - If the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may not find a new suitable cell from the serving cell or neighboring cells for a period T. In this case, the terminal must initiate the defined cell selection procedure for the selected PLMN. For example, T can be 10 seconds.

[0376] For reference, in this disclosure, Nserv may be defined by 3GPP TS 38.133 V18.8.0. Nserv may be a positive integer. For example, in the example of 3GPP TS 38.133 V18.8.0 Table 4.2.2.2-1, Nserv may be based on M1 and / or N1. M1 may be 2 if the SMTC period is greater than 20 ms and the DRX cycle is ≤0.64 seconds, otherwise M1 = 1. In the example of 3GPP TS 38.133 V18.8.0 Table 4.2.2.2-1, N1 may be 1 for FR1. For FR2-1, if the DRX cycle length is 0.32 seconds, N1 may be 8. For FR2-1, if the DRX cycle length is 0.62 seconds, N1 can be 5. For FR2-1, if the DRX cycle length is 1.28 seconds, N1 can be 4. For FR2-1, if the DRX cycle length is 2.56 seconds, N1 can be 3. For FR2-2, if the DRX cycle length is 0.32 seconds, N1 can be 12. For FR2-2, if the DRX cycle length is 0.62 seconds, N1 can be 8. For FR2-2, if the DRX cycle length is 1.28 seconds, N1 can be 6. For FR2-2, if the DRX cycle length is 2.56 seconds, N1 can be 5. If the DRX cycle length is 0.32 seconds, Nserv can be M1*N1*4. In the case of FR2-1, if the DRX cycle length is 0.62 seconds, Nserv can be M1*N1*4. In the case of FR2-1, if the DRX cycle length is 1.28 seconds, Nserv can be N1*2. In the case of FR2-1, if the DRX cycle length is 2.56 seconds, Nserv can be N1*2.

[0377] For reference, the Cell Selection Criterion S described in one embodiment of the present disclosure is as follows. For reference, regarding the Cell Selection Criterion S, 3GPP TS 38.304 V18.4.0 S5.2.3.2 may be referenced. The Cell Selection Criterion S is satisfied in the following cases:

[0378] Srxlev > 0 AND Squal > 0

[0379] Here:

[0380] Srxlev = Q rxlevmeas - (Q rxlevmin + Q rxlevminoffset )- P compensation - Qoffset temp

[0381] Squal = Q qualmeas - (Q qualmin + Q qualminoffset ) - Qoffset temp

[0382] Here:

[0383] Srxlev can be the cell selection RX level value (dB).

[0384] Squal can be a cell selection quality value (dB).

[0385] Qoffset temp may be an offset (dB) temporarily applied to the cell as specified in TS 38.331 V18.4.0.

[0386] Q rxlevmeas - can be the measured cell RX level value (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)).

[0387] Q qualmeas may be a measured cell quality value (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)).

[0388] Q rxlevmin≠ the minimum RX level (dBm) required by the cell. If the UE supports Supplementary Uplink (SUL) frequencies for this cell, Q ≠ RxLevMinSUL if q-RxLevMinSUL exists in SIB1, SIB2, and SIB4. rxlevmin is obtained from q-RxLevMinSUL. Additionally, if the UE supports the SUL frequency for this cell, and if QrxlevminoffsetcellSUL exists in SIB3 and SIB4 for that cell, to achieve the minimum RX level required for that cell, this cell-specific offset (QrxlevminoffsetcellSUL) is the corresponding Q rxlevmin It can be added to; otherwise, if the UE supports the SUL frequency for this cell, Q rxlevmin is obtained from q-RxLevMin within SIB1, SIB2, and SIB4, and additionally, for the corresponding cells, Q in SIB3 and SIB4 rxlevminoffsetcell If this exists, this cell-specific offset can be added to the corresponding Qrxlevmin to achieve the minimum RX level required in the cell.

[0389] Q qualmin can be the minimum quality level (dB) required for the cell. Additionally, for the cell, Q qualminoffsetcell When this signaling occurs, to achieve the minimum RX level required in the corresponding cell, this cell-specific offset (Q qualminoffsetcell ) can be added.

[0390] Q rxlevminoffset As specified in TS 23.122 V18.9.0, the signaled Q, which is considered during Srxlev evaluation as a result of a periodic search for a higher-priority PLMN while the terminal is normally camped on in a VPLMN, is rxlevmin It can be an offset for.

[0391] Qqualminoffset As specified in TS 23.122 V18.9.0, the signaled Q, which is considered during Squal evaluation as a result of periodic search for a higher-priority PLMN while the terminal is normally camp-on in a VPLMN. qualmin It can be an offset for.

[0392] P compensation For FR1, if additionalPmax exists in NR-NS-PmaxList within SIB1, SIB2, and SIB4, and if the UE supports additionalPmax: P compensation is max(P EMAX1 -P PowerClass , 0) - (min(P EMAX2 , P PowerClass ) - min(P EMAX1 , P PowerClass )) (dB) may be; otherwise: P compensation is max(P EMAX1 - P PowerClass , 0) (dB) can be. For FR2, P compensation is set to 0. For IAB-MT, P compensation It is set to 0.

[0393] P EMAX1 , P EMAX2 Regarding , the following explanation applies. P EMAX1 , P EMAX2 ≠ PEMAX in TS 38.101-1 V18.8.0, which may be the maximum TX power level (dBm) available to the terminal (e.g., UE) when transmitting on the uplink within the cell. If the UE supports the SUL frequency for this cell, P EMAX1 and P EMAX2 as specified in TS 38.331 V18.4.0, can be obtained from p-Max for the SUL of SIB1 and NR-NS-PmaxList for the SULs of SIB1, SIB2, and SIB4, respectively. Otherwise, PEMAX1 and P EMAX2 As specified in TS 38.331 [3], it can be obtained from the p-Max and NR-NS-PmaxList of SIB1, SIB2, and SIB4 for general UL, respectively.

[0394] P PowerClass ≠ 38.101-1 V18.8.0, which may be the maximum RF output power (dBm) of the UE according to the UE power class defined in TS 38.101-1 V18.8.0.

[0395] Signaled value Q rxlevminoffset and Q qualminoffset This may be applied only when a cell is evaluated for cell selection as a result of a periodic search for a higher priority PLMN while the terminal (e.g., UE) is normally camped on in the VPLMN (see TS 23.122 V18.9.0). During this periodic search for a higher priority PLMN, the terminal (e.g., UE) may determine the cell's S criteria using parameter values ​​stored from other cells in the higher priority PLMN.

[0396] 2) If the terminal transmits a request for OD-SS (e.g., if the terminal is set to a Short period as the SS period), the following description may apply:

[0397] - In some implementations, the measurement requirements for the Long period and the Short period may be the same. The value of M may be affected by the Short period. For example, in this case, the following description may also apply to OD-SS. The terminal measures the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell based on OD-SS, and the terminal may evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell at least once every M*DRX cycle. Here, M may be a positive integer. At least one of the following descriptions may apply;

[0398] - In some implementations, based on the Short cycle, the terminal can measure the SS-RSRP level and SS-RSRQ level of the serving cell. The terminal sets the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell as FLOOR(DRX cycle / T per DRX cycle). Measurement_period It can be evaluated ) times. In this case, T Measurement_period can be the OD-SS measurement period. In some implementations, the OD-SS measurement period may be preset. The OD-SS measurement period may be set as an integer multiple of the Short period. For example, the OD-SS measurement period may be 3*OD-SSB periodicity. When the terminal is instructed (or receives) an OD-SSB, it performs measurements more frequently than before and can measure serving cell quality in greater detail. FLOOR is a rounding-down function. If T Measurement_period If is less than DRX cycle, then FLOOR(DRX cycle / T Measurement_period )=0 could be. FLOOR(DRX cycle / T Measurement_period To prevent )=0, FLOOR(DRX cycle / T Measurement_period If ) is less than or equal to X (e.g., 1), the terminal can evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell once per DRX cycle. For example, referring to FIG. 14, FLOOR(DRX cycle / T Measurement_period It can be seen that )=2. In the example of Fig. 14, the terminal is required to evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell twice per DRX cycle after the OD-SS request.

[0399] - The terminal is Nserve, a series of T Measurement_period During this time, it may be evaluated that the serving cell does not meet the cell selection criterion S. In this case, the terminal must start measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of the measurement rules that restrict the current measurement activity.

[0400] - When the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may not find a new suitable cell in the serving cell or neighboring cells for a period T. In this case, the terminal must initiate the defined cell selection procedure for the selected PLMN. T may be 10 seconds.

[0401] For reference, regarding “Example 1: Example in which the SS period is divided into Long period and Short period,” at least one of 1) the description related to the case where the network sets the SS period to Long period for the terminal and / or 2) the description related to the case where the terminal transmits a request for OD-SS (e.g., the terminal is set to Short period as the SS period) may apply.

[0402] Referring to Fig. 14, a specific example of “Example 1: Example in which the SS period is divided into a Long period and a Short period” is explained.

[0403] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0404] FIG. 14 illustrates a first example of measurement and evaluation according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0405] Figure 14 is an example of serving cell measurement and serving cell evaluation based on “Example 1: Example in which the SS cycle is divided into Long cycle and Short cycle”.

[0406] Referring to FIG. 14, the terminal can receive an AO-SS based on a Long period in DRX cycle #0.

[0407] In some implementations, if the terminal receives only AO-SS based on a Long period, the description related to “1) where the network sets the period of SS to a Long period for the terminal” may apply. For example, the terminal may measure the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell based on the AO-SS and evaluate the Cell Selection Criterion S for the serving cell at least once every M*DRX cycle. For example, if the SMTC period (e.g., the period of the AO-SS) is greater than 20 ms and the DRX cycle is ≤0.64 seconds, M may be 2, otherwise M may be 1.

[0408] In DRX cycle #1, the terminal can transmit a request (e.g., a request for OD-SS) to the network (e.g., a base station). The network (e.g., a base station) can transmit an OD-SS based on a short period. In the example of FIG. 14, the network (e.g., a base station) can transmit an OD-SS based on a short period and an AO-SS based on a long period.

[0409] In some implementations, the network (e.g., base station) may transmit information related to the short period to the terminal.

[0410] In some implementations, after the terminal transmits a request for OD-SS, the description related to "2) when the terminal transmits a request for OD-SS (e.g., when the terminal is set a Short period as the SS period)" may apply. For example, the terminal sets the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell as FLOOR(DRX cycle / T per DRX cycle). Measurement_period It can be evaluated ) times. For example, referring to DRX cycle#2 in Fig. 14, FLOOR(DRX cycle / T Measurement_period)2. In the example of FIG. 14, the terminal is required to evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell twice per DRX cycle after the OD-SS request.

[0411] Example 2: An example where SS is transmitted based on the period of the SS burst set.

[0412] Referring to the example in Fig. 15, an example is described in which a base station transmits an SS based on the period of the SS burst set.

[0413] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0414] FIG. 15 illustrates a second example of measurement and evaluation according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0415] This is an example of serving cell measurement and serving cell evaluation based on “Example 2: Example in which SS is transmitted based on the period of the SS burst set” in Fig. 15.

[0416] Referring to the example in FIG. 15, an SS burst set may include one or more SS bursts. An SS burst may include one or more SSs. In the example in FIG. 15, a base station may transmit an SS burst set based on the period of the SS burst set (e.g., 2*DRX cycles in the example in FIG. 15).

[0417] In the example of FIG. 15, the terminal may transmit a request for an OD-SS to the base station in DRX cycle #3. When the base station receives the request for an OD-SS, the base station may transmit the OD-SS. For example, in the example of FIG. 15, the base station may transmit the OD-SS in DRX cycle #4 based on the period of the OD-SS, which is shorter than the period of the SS burst set. Measurement_period may be a measurement period related to OD-SS.

[0418] Referring to FIG. 15, an embodiment related to an SS burst set is illustrated. Referring to FIG. 15, an SS burst may include one or more SS blocks / indexes (e.g., signal units assuming a network (e.g., a base station) transmits SS based on a single beam). And an SS burst set may include one or more SS bursts.

[0419] In some implementations, a network (e.g., a base station) may set the length of the SS burst set window, the period of the SS burst, and the period of the SS burst set. For example, the length of the SS burst set window may be the length of the SS burst set in the example of FIG. 15. In the example of FIG. 15, the period of the SS burst may refer to the interval between the SS bursts included in the SS burst set. The period of the SS burst set may be the period between the SS burst sets. In the example of FIG. 15, if the period of the SS burst is 10 ms, the length of the SS burst set window may be 40 ms. In this case, the period of the SS burst set may be 2 * DRX cycle.

[0420] For example, the size of the SS burst set window can be based on at least one of the following:

[0421] - Multiples of the SS period;

[0422] - Multiples of half frame (e.g., 5ms);

[0423] - A multiple of the SS burst window set to be actually transmitted; and / or

[0424] - Window size set by NW.

[0425] In some implementations, the period between SS burst sets (e.g., the period of an SS burst set) can generally be greater than the period of SS. Examples of the period between SS burst sets (e.g., the period of an SS burst set) and the period of SS are as follows:

[0426] - Example of SS period: {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms

[0427] - Examples of SS burst set cycles: multiples of the DRX cycle or {0.16, 0.32, 1.28, 2.56, 5.12, 10.24, 20.48} s

[0428] In some implementations, when a terminal transmits a request for OD-SS, the terminal may measure SS based on at least one of the following examples.

[0429] In some implementations, the period setting of an SS burst set can be divided into a Long period and a Short period. A network (e.g., a base station) can set the period of an AO-SS burst set to a Long period. If a terminal transmits a request for an OD-SS, the network (e.g., a base station) can transmit the OD-SS based on the Short period.

[0430] In some implementations, long cycles and short cycles are explicitly distinguished, and / or long cycles and short cycles may be distinguished by different settings.

[0431] In some implementations, a Long period and a Short period may be included in a single configuration. If a network (e.g., a base station) directs or sets two of the periods included in a single configuration, the longer of the two periods may be applied as the Long period and the shorter period as the Short period.

[0432] In some implementations, the network (e.g., base station) can transmit OD-SS based on the SS period, regardless of the SS burst set period.

[0433] In some implementations, the terminal transmits a request for OD-SS, and the terminal can measure SS based on a Short period. After a set time, the terminal may also measure SS based on a setting prior to the request (e.g., a Long period). For example, the set time may be based on at least one of the following:

[0434] - ms unit timer;

[0435] - Integer multiple of DRX cycle;

[0436] - Integer multiples of the short period; and / or

[0437] - Integer multiples of the Long period.

[0438] In some implementations, measurement requirements such as the following examples may be applied to terminals.

[0439] 1) When a network (e.g., a base station) transmits an SS (e.g., an SS included in the SS burst set of FIG. 15) based on the period of an SS burst set, the following description may apply. The terminal may measure the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell within the SS burst set window and evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell at least once per SS burst set window period.

[0440] In some implementations, the terminal may evaluate that the serving cell does not satisfy the cell selection criterion S within Nserv consecutive SS burst set window cycles. In this case, the terminal may start measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of the measurement rule that restricts the current measurement activity.

[0441] In some implementations, when the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may not find a new suitable cell in the serving cell or neighboring cells for a period T. In this case, the terminal may initiate a defined cell selection procedure for the selected PLMN. Here, for example, T can be 10 seconds.

[0442] 2) When a terminal transmits a request for OD-SS (e.g., when a network (e.g., base station) transmits OD-SS based on the SS period), the following description may apply.

[0443] In some implementations, the terminal measures the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell, and for every M*DRX cycle, the terminal may evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell at least once. Here, M may be a positive integer. At least one of the following descriptions may apply:

[0444] - M may vary depending on the SMTC period and / or DRX cycle period. For example, M may be 2 if the SMTC period is greater than 20 ms and the DRX cycle is ≤ 0.64 seconds, and 1 otherwise;

[0445] - In some implementations, the terminal must filter the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ measurements of the serving cell using at least two measurements. The set of measurements used for filtering must be spaced apart by an interval of at least DRX cycles / 2;

[0446] - In some implementations, the terminal may evaluate that the serving cell does not satisfy the cell selection criterion S during Nserv DRX cycles. In this case, the terminal must initiate measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of measurement rules restricting current measurement activities; and / or

[0447] - In some implementations, while the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may not find a new suitable cell from the serving cell or neighboring cells for a period of T. In this case, the terminal must initiate the defined cell selection procedure for the selected PLMN. For example, T can be 10 seconds.

[0448] In some implementations, the terminal measures the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell and the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell FLOOR(DRX cycle / T per DRX cycle) per DRX cycle. Measurement_period It can be evaluated ) times. Here, T Measurement_period may be the OD-SS measurement period. T Measurement_period can be set as an integer multiple of the SS period. FLOOR is a rounding-down function. FLOOR(DRX cycle / T Measurement_period If ) is less than or equal to X (e.g., 1), the terminal may evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell once per DRX cycle. At least one of the following descriptions may apply:

[0449] - The terminal is Nserve, a series of T Measurement_period During this time, the serving cell may be evaluated as not meeting the cell selection criterion S. In this case, the terminal must initiate measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of measurement rules that restrict current measurement activities; and / or

[0450] - When the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may not find a new suitable cell in the serving cell or neighboring cells for a period T. In this case, the terminal must initiate the defined cell selection procedure for the selected PLMN. T may be 10 seconds.

[0451] In some implementations, when a terminal transmits a request for an OD-SS, the OD-SS may be transmitted within an SS burst set. For example, a base station may transmit the OD-SS within an SS burst set window based on an SS burst set period. In this case, the following description may apply. For example, the terminal may measure the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell within the SS burst set window and evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell at least once per SS burst set window period. At least one of the following descriptions may apply:

[0452] - The terminal may evaluate that the serving cell does not satisfy the cell selection criterion S during N consecutive SS burst set window cycles. In this case, the terminal may initiate measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of the measurement rule limiting the current measurement activity; and / or

[0453] - If the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may not find a new suitable cell in the serving cell or neighboring cells for a period T. In this case, the terminal may initiate the defined cell selection procedure for the selected PLMN. For example, T can be 10 seconds.

[0454] Example 3: An example where a network (e.g., base station) transmits specific signals, such as the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) or Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), first among SS-related signals, and then transmits the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) later.

[0455] In some implementations, to reduce power consumption, the network (e.g., base station) may transmit only a portion of the SS signal instead of the entire signal. Generally, the entire SS signal (e.g., SSB) may include PSS, SSS, DMRS, and PBCH. The terminal detects the PSS and SSS and can obtain at least one of symbol timing, cell ID, or RSRP / RSRQ. The terminal can also obtain at least one of beam ID, SS ID, or half frame number based on the DMRS and / or PBCH. Based on the PBCH, the terminal can obtain the Master Information Block (MIB), which is system information. Based on the MIB, the terminal can obtain the System Frame Number (SFN). In some implementations, the network (e.g., base station) may transmit only the PSS / SSS from the SS signal to be used for cell-level measurement and evaluation.

[0456] In some implementations, the network (e.g., base station) may transmit a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), or other signals of similar purpose, which can calculate the RSRQ / RSRQ of the SS, along with slot timing or frame timing. The terminal may then transmit a request (e.g., a request for a complete SS) to the network (e.g., base station) to receive the complete SS signal.

[0457] In some implementations, PSS / SSS period examples may be {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320}ms.

[0458] In some implementations, the terminal requires SFN information to detect paging messages while in the RRC_IDLE / INACTVE state. The terminal may not be able to obtain SFN information based on the PSS, SSS, or other signals of similar purpose. In this case, the terminal can send a request for the complete SS to the network (e.g., base station).

[0459] In some implementations, measurement requirements such as the following examples may be applied to terminals.

[0460] 1) If the network (e.g., base station) transmits only a portion of the SS signals, the following description may apply. For example, the terminal may measure the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell and evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell at least once every M*DRX cycle, where M may be a positive integer. At least one of the following descriptions may apply:

[0461] - M may vary depending on the SMTC period and / or DRX cycle period. For example, M may be 2 if the SMTC period is greater than 20 ms and the DRX cycle is ≤ 0.64 seconds, and 1 otherwise;

[0462] - In some implementations, the terminal must filter the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ measurements of the serving cell using at least two measurements. The set of measurements used for filtering must be spaced apart by an interval of at least DRX cycles / 2;

[0463] - In some implementations, the terminal may evaluate that the serving cell does not satisfy the cell selection criterion S during Nserv consecutive DRX cycles. In this case, the terminal must start measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of the measurement rule limiting the current measurement activity;

[0464] - In some implementations, while the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may not find a new suitable cell from the serving cell or neighboring cells for a period T. In this case, the terminal must initiate the defined cell selection procedure for the selected PLMN. For example, T can be 10 seconds;

[0465] - When the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal is T Evaluate If only partial signals of the SS are received during this period, the terminal may not have obtained the time information (e.g., half frame number / SFN) necessary to receive the paging message. In this case, the terminal can send a request for the complete SS to the network (e.g., base station). For example, the terminal can request the network (e.g., base station) to transmit the complete SS. Here, T Evaluate may be the measurement period for evaluating PSS / SSS. T Evaluate can be an integer multiple of the PSS / SSS period; and / or

[0466] - When the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal is T EvaluateIf only some of the SS signals are received during the period, the terminal may obtain time information (e.g., half frame number / SFN) necessary to receive the paging message. In this case, the terminal may send a request for the complete SS to the network (e.g., base station) every cycle in which the system information changes (e.g., 80ms). For example, the terminal may request the network (e.g., base station) to send the complete SS every cycle in which the system information changes (e.g., 80ms).

[0467] 2) If the terminal transmits a request for an OD-SS (e.g., a request for a complete SS) to the network (e.g., a base station) (e.g., if the network (e.g., a base station) transmits a complete SS), the following description may apply. For example, the terminal may measure the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ levels of the serving cell and evaluate the cell selection criterion S for the serving cell at least once every M*DRX cycle. M may be a positive integer. At least one of the following descriptions may apply:

[0468] - M may vary depending on the SMTC period and / or DRX cycle period. For example, M may be 2 if the SMTC period is greater than 20 ms and the DRX cycle is ≤ 0.64 seconds, and 1 otherwise;

[0469] - In some implementations, the terminal must filter the SS-RSRP and SS-RSRQ measurements of the serving cell using at least two measurements. The set of measurements used for filtering must be spaced apart by an interval of at least DRX cycles / 2;

[0470] - The terminal may evaluate that the serving cell does not satisfy the cell selection criterion S during Nserv DRX cycles. In this case, the terminal must initiate measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of measurement rules restricting current measurement activities; and / or

[0471] - If the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE state, the terminal may not find a new suitable cell from the serving cell or neighboring cells for a period T. In this case, the terminal must initiate the defined cell selection procedure for the selected PLMN. For example, T can be 10 seconds.

[0472] Hereinafter, an example of a measurement for a neighboring cell according to one embodiment is described. For example, the measurement for a neighboring cell described below may be applied in the case of Scenario 2, such as the example in FIG. 13b.

[0473] Generally, a terminal can measure SS and evaluate the quality of a serving cell while in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state. The terminal may also determine that the cell selection criterion S is not met for a certain period of time. In this case, the terminal must initiate measurements for all neighboring cells presented by the serving cell, regardless of measurement rules that restrict current measurement activities. If an NES cell exists among the neighboring cells, the terminal may camp to the NES cell. The SS settings of an NES cell may differ from those of an anchor cell. When a terminal sends a request, an NES cell may send a denser SS. For example, the SS period of an NES cell may be shorter than that of an anchor cell.

[0474] Referring to the example in Fig. 16, an example in which multiple NES cells exist around a single Anchor cell is described.

[0475] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0476] FIG. 16 shows an example of an anchor cell and a plurality of NES cells according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0477] FIG. 16 illustrates an example in which multiple NES cells exist within the coverage of a single anchor cell.

[0478] Referring to Fig. 16, multiple NES cells may exist in a single Anchor cell.

[0479] The terminal may move while in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state. If the terminal moves from an Anchor cell to an NES cell, the terminal may perform cell reselection from the Anchor cell to the NES cell.

[0480] For example, if an NES cell transmits a sparse AO-SS, the terminal may measure the quality of surrounding cells and re-select the most appropriate NES cell.

[0481] As another example, an NES cell may not transmit an AO-SS. In this case, the terminal needs to transmit a request for an SS to the NES cell and evaluate the NES cells based on the NES cell's SS. In the following examples, examples of the terminal transmitting a request for an SS and / or the terminal evaluating the NES cell are described when an AO-SS does not exist in the NES cell (e.g., when the NES cell does not transmit an AO-SS).

[0482] In some implementations, an AO-SS transmitted by an NES cell may not exist. If an AO-SS does not exist, the terminal cannot evaluate the NEC cell. For example, in this case, the terminal cannot evaluate what quality (e.g., the rank of the NES cell among surrounding cells containing the NES cell) a particular NES cell possesses. Additionally, the terminal cannot know to which NES cell to send a request for an SS. To address these issues, when the terminal sends a request for an SS (e.g., a request for an OD-SS), at least one of the following examples may be applied:

[0483] - Example A: Anchor cells and NES cells can be connected to each other via wired and / or wireless communication. For example, Anchor cells and NES cells can share information with each other.

[0484] The anchor cell can configure information about the NES cell to the terminal. For example, the anchor cell can transmit information about the NES cell to the terminal.

[0485] In some implementations, if cell reselection is required, the terminal may send an OD-SS request to the anchor cell. In this case, the anchor cell may request all NES cells connected to the anchor cell to send the OD-SS. All NES cells connected to the anchor cell may send the OD-SS. Subsequently, the terminal may measure the quality of the NES cells and perform cell reselection on the NES cell with the best rank.

[0486] In some implementations, if cell reselection is required, the terminal may send an OD-SS request to the anchor cell. The anchor cell may request that the NES cells in the tracking area list or within the tracking area in which the terminal is included send the OD-SS. The NES cells in the tracking area list or within the tracking area in which the terminal is included send the OD-SS. Subsequently, the terminal may measure the quality of the NES cells and perform cell reselection for the NES cell with the best rank.

[0487] In some implementations, the anchor cell may know the location information of the terminal. In this case, the anchor cell may request that only NES cells located close to the terminal transmit the OD-SS. Only NES cells located close to the terminal may transmit the OD-SS.

[0488] - Example B: Anchor cells and NES cells cannot share information with each other. In this case, the Anchor cell can set the OD-SS request resource for the NES cell to the terminal. For example, the Anchor cell can transmit information related to the OD-SS request resource for the NES cell to the terminal. If cell reselection is required, the terminal may continuously transmit requests for OD-SS to the NES cell. In some implementations, since the terminal does not know the exact spatial parameters for the NES cell, it may apply one or more spatial parameters and continuously transmit requests for OD-SS. The NES cell that detects the requests for OD-SS transmitted by the terminal may transmit the OD-SS. Subsequently, the terminal can measure the quality of the NES cell and perform cell reselection for the NES cell with the best rank.

[0489] Refer to the following for an example of a procedure in which a UE transmits a request for OD-SS. For example, a UE-initiated on-demand synchronization signal procedure may be described.

[0490] Figures 17a and 17b may be referenced in relation to the procedure for the UE to transmit a request to the OD-SS.

[0491] When the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the terminal does not transmit measurement reports to the network (e.g., base station). As a result, the network (e.g., base station) cannot determine the state of the terminal.

[0492] In such a situation, when the network (e.g., base station) transmits a spare SS, the terminal may determine that additional measurement is required. In this case, according to one embodiment, the terminal may request an additional SS. For example, the terminal may transmit a request for an OD-SS to the network (e.g., base station). Below, a procedure for the terminal to request an SS is described with reference to the examples in FIGS. 17a and 17b.

[0493] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0494] FIGS. 17a and FIGS. 17b illustrate examples of procedures for requesting an on-demand synchronization signal according to one embodiment of the disclosure of this specification.

[0495] FIGS. 17a and 17b illustrate a UEIOS (UE initiated on-demand synchronization signal) procedure according to one embodiment. For example, FIGS. 17a and 17b may be examples of procedures in which a terminal transmits a request for OD-SS to a network (e.g., a base station). The UE in FIGS. 17a and 17b may be referred to as a terminal.

[0496] FIG. 17a may be option 1 of a procedure in which a terminal transmits a request for OD-SS to a network (e.g., a base station). According to the example of FIG. 17a, the following operations may be performed.

[0497] 1. After an event occurs, the terminal can transmit a request (e.g., a request for OD-SS) to the base station based on a configured resource (e.g., a resource configured for a request for OD-SS).

[0498] 2. The base station may transmit an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for an on-demand synchronization signal) to the terminal. For reference, activation information for an on-demand synchronization signal may also be referred to as activation information for an OD-SS.

[0499] 3. The base station may transmit a synchronization signal (e.g., OD-SS) to the terminal. For example, the terminal may receive the SS based on an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for the OD-SS).

[0500] FIG. 17b may be option 2 of a procedure in which a terminal transmits a request for OD-SS to a network (e.g., a base station). According to the example of FIG. 17b, the following operations may be performed.

[0501] 1. After an event occurs, the terminal can transmit a request (e.g., a request for OD-SS) to the base station based on a configured resource (e.g., a resource configured for a request for OD-SS).

[0502] 2. After the terminal transmits a request (e.g., a request for OD-SS), it can receive a synchronization signal (e.g., OD-SS) from the base station after a certain period of time.

[0503] In option 1 of FIG. 17a, after the terminal transmits a request (e.g., a request for OD-SS), the terminal may receive an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS). In this case, it can be inferred that the terminal has already acquired downlink timing. This is because the terminal may receive the OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS) through a downlink control channel (e.g., Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) or a downlink shared channel (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)). When the terminal has acquired downlink timing, it may decode a channel such as the downlink control channel or the downlink shared channel. Therefore, since the terminal has received the OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS), it can be inferred that the terminal has already acquired downlink timing. Option 1 of FIG. 17a has the advantage that the network (e.g., base station) can more flexibly indicate the OD-SS to be measured by the terminal.

[0504] For example, in Scenario 1 of FIG. 13a, since the terminal can obtain downlink timing through AO-SS, Option 1 of FIG. 17a can be applied to Scenario 1 of FIG. 13a.

[0505] In Option 2 of FIG. 17b, the terminal can receive an SS (e.g., OD-SS) after transmitting a request (e.g., a request for an OD-SS) and after a certain period of time. In Option 2 of FIG. 17b, the terminal can infer downlink timing based on the received SS. The terminal can measure the SS based on preset information. The preset information may include, for example, at least one of the SS period, half frame information, or Subcarrier Spacing (SCS). In Option 2 of FIG. 17b, since downlink timing is not required, Option 2 of FIG. 17b can be applied to both Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 of FIG. 13a.

[0506] Below, triggering conditions that trigger the terminal to transmit a request for OD-SS are described. For example, when the triggering conditions described below are satisfied, it may mean the occurrence of the event of FIG. 17a and / or FIG. 17b.

[0507] In some implementations, the terminal may transmit a request for OD-SS to a network (e.g., base station) if certain conditions are met. The following description describes in more detail examples of event triggering conditions for the terminal to transmit a request for OD-SS to a network (e.g., base station).

[0508] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0509] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an operation in which a UE triggers an on-demand synchronization signal according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0510] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a procedure in which a terminal (e.g., UE) triggers an on-demand synchronization signal (OD-SS). The procedure for triggering the on-demand synchronization signal (OD-SS) may also be referred to as the UE initiated on-demand synchronization signal (UEIOS) triggering procedure.

[0511] The example in FIG. 18 illustrates a procedure for a terminal (e.g., UE) to trigger an on-demand synchronization signal (OD-SS) when the terminal (e.g., UE) is in an RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state. Referring to the example in FIG. 18, the terminal (e.g., UE) can determine the start of OD-SS transmission.

[0512] In step (S1801), the terminal may be in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state or a similar state. The terminal may have settings related to OD-SS.

[0513] In some implementations, the above step (S1801) may be applied to both Scenario 1 of FIG. 13a and Scenario 2 of FIG. 13b described above.

[0514] In step (S1802), the terminal may perform measurements on the PCell or Anchor cell. For example, the terminal may periodically measure the cell quality of the PCell or Anchor cell. The quality of the cell may include at least one of the reference signal received power (RSRP) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) of the signal. For example, the terminal may measure at least one of the RSRP or RSRQ based on the signal of the PCell or Anchor cell.

[0515] In step (S1803), the terminal can determine whether at least one of the triggering conditions related to OD-SS is satisfied based on the cell quality measured in step (S1802). If at least one triggering condition is satisfied, the terminal performs step (S1804). If no triggering condition is satisfied, the terminal can perform step (S1802).

[0516] In one embodiment, the triggering condition related to OD-SS may include at least one of the following conditions:

[0517] - Condition 1: The terminal compares the cell quality with a first threshold value, and if the cell quality is lower than the first threshold value, the triggering condition may be satisfied. The first threshold value may be set by the network (e.g., base station) based on upper-layer parameters, pre-set in the terminal, or defined in a specification.

[0518] - Condition 2: The terminal compares the cell quality with a first threshold, and if the cell quality is lower than the first threshold for a certain time window, the triggering condition may be satisfied. The first threshold and the time window may be set by the network (e.g., base station) based on upper layer parameters, pre-set in the terminal, or defined in the specifications. For example, the time window may be Y ms or an integer multiple of the DRX cycle. Y may be a positive integer.

[0519] - Condition 3: The terminal may satisfy the triggering condition if the difference between the most recent measured cell quality and the previous cell quality is greater than a certain level (e.g., a second threshold). For example, the second threshold may be 3 dB.

[0520] In step (S1804), after the triggering condition is satisfied, the terminal can transmit a request for OD-SS to the network (e.g., base station) within a predefined time.

[0521] In some implementations, a network (e.g., a base station) may transmit a SIB1 or RRC message containing information related to a predefined time to a terminal.

[0522] In step (S1805), the terminal can receive the OD-SS after a certain period of time following the transmission of a request for the OD-SS. For steps (S1804) and (S1805), Option 1 of FIG. 17a and / or Option 2 of FIG. 17b described above may be applied.

[0523] Below, an example of a delay requirement for the case where a terminal receives an OD-SS after transmitting a request for an OD-SS is described.

[0524] In some implementations, when the terminal is in the RRC_IDLE / INACTIVE state, the terminal can complete preparation within delay requirements and receive the OD-SS. For example, after sending a request for the OD-SS, the terminal must complete preparation for receiving the OD-SS within the delay requirements. FIGS. 19a, 19b, and 19c illustrate examples in which the delay requirement is applied for Scenario1-Option1 (e.g., Scenario 1 of FIG. 13a and Option 1 of FIG. 17a), Scenario1-Option2 (e.g., Scenario 1 of FIG. 13a and Option 2 of FIG. 17b), and Scenario2-Option2 (e.g., Scenario 2 of FIG. 13a and Option 2 of FIG. 17b), respectively.

[0525] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0526] FIGS. 19a to 19c illustrate examples of delay requirements according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0527] FIG. 19a illustrates an example of delay requirements when Scenario 1 of FIG. 13a and Option 1 of FIG. 17a are applied.

[0528] Referring to FIG. 19a, the terminal can measure AO-SS and then transmit a request for OD-SS to the network (e.g., base station). After receiving an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS) from the network (e.g., base station), the terminal can measure OD-SS.

[0529] After the terminal transmits a request for OD-SS, the terminal must detect an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS) within Delay 1. For example, based on DCI or MAC-CE, a network (e.g., base station) may transmit an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS).

[0530] In some implementations, Delay1 may be expressed based on at least one of ms, DRX cycle, AO-SS cycle, or OD-SS cycle.

[0531] After the terminal detects an OD-SS indication (e.g., activation information for OD-SS), the terminal may start measuring the OD-SS after at least Delay 2. At this time, the terminal may expect the OD-SS to have the same frequency and / or the same spatial filter (or SSB index) as the previously measured AO-SS. In some implementations, the frequency or spatial filter associated with the OD-SS may be different from the frequency or spatial filter associated with the AO-SS. In this case, the terminal may measure the OD-SS first.

[0532] In some implementations, Delay2 can be expressed based on at least one of ms, DRX cycle, AO-SS cycle, and OD-SS cycle.

[0533] For example, a terminal may receive an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS) and transmit a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request - Acknowledgment (HARQ-ACK) to a network (e.g., base station). After the terminal transmits the HARQ-ACK, it may detect the OD-SS after 3ms. For example, in FIG. 19a, delay 2 may be the sum of the time from when the OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS) is received to when the HARQ-ACK is transmitted and 3ms.

[0534] As another example, the terminal may detect OD-SS in the first DRX cycle after the DRX cycle in which it receives an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for OD-SS). In this case, Delay2 may be 1*DRX cycle.

[0535] FIG. 19b illustrates an example of delay requirements when Scenario 1 of FIG. 13a and Option 2 of FIG. 17b are applied.

[0536] While measuring AO-SS, the terminal may transmit a request for OD-SS to the network (e.g., base station). After transmitting the request for OD-SS, the terminal may measure OD-SS.

[0537] After the terminal transmits a request for an OD-SS, the terminal may have a processing time of Delay 1. The processing time may be, for example, a guaranteed preparation time for the terminal to receive the OD-SS. It is not required for the terminal to receive the OD-SS during the processing time. After Delay 1, the terminal may detect at least one OD-SS within an SMTC (or SSB) that overlaps with a given SS-window (sync signal burst window). In some implementations, a base station (e.g., a network) may transmit information related to the SS-window to the terminal, or information related to the SS-window may be pre-configured in the terminal. In the example of FIG. 19b, since the terminal does not receive an OD-SS instruction (e.g., activation information for the OD-SS), the terminal cannot know exactly when the OD-SS is transmitted. The terminal can expect that at least one OD-SS will be received within the SS-window.

[0538] In some implementations, the starting point and length of the SS-window (e.g., L in FIG. 19b) window ) can be pre-configured in the terminal, defined in the standard, or configured by the network (e.g., base station).

[0539] In some implementations, the frequency of the AO-SS and the frequency of the OD-SS are the same, and the time domain pattern may be set to equal intervals. For example, the fact that the time domain pattern is set to equal intervals may mean that in the time domain, the AO-SS and OD-SS can be assumed to be a single SS received at equal intervals. For example, the period of the AO-SS and the period of the OD-SS are the same, and the interval between the AO-SS and the OD-SS may be half the period of the AO-SS. In this case, the AO-SS and the OD-SS may be considered as a single SS transmitted based on half the period of the AO-SS. In this case, the terminal can know that the OD-SS or AO-SS+OD-SS begins from the first AO-SS occasion after Delay 1.

[0540] FIG. 19c illustrates an example of a delay requirement when Scenario 2 of FIG. 13b and Option 2 of FIG. 17b are applied.

[0541] Referring to FIG. 19c, the terminal can transmit a request for OD-SS to a network (e.g., a base station) in the absence of AO-SS. After transmitting the request for OD-SS, the terminal can measure OD-SS.

[0542] In some implementations, before the terminal sends a request for OD-SS to the NES cell, the terminal may receive settings for the NES cell in advance from the anchor cell (or PCell).

[0543] The terminal can send a request for OD-SS to the NES cell to measure NES cell quality.

[0544] After the terminal transmits a request for an OD-SS, the terminal may have a processing time of Delay 1. After Delay 1, the terminal may detect at least one OD-SS in an SMTC that overlaps with a given SS-window (sync signal burst window).

[0545] In some implementations, the start point and length of the SS-window may be pre-set in the terminal, defined in the specification, or set by the network (e.g., base station).

[0546] In some implementations, the time when the terminal transmits a request for OD-SS and / or the time when the terminal detects OD-SS may overlap with the paging occasion of the Anchor cell (or PCell). In this case, a paging interruption for the Anchor cell may occur. After the terminal transmits the request for OD-SS to the NES cell, delay1 and the SS-window length (e.g., L in FIG. 19c) window X ms including ) (e.g., L in Fig. 19c) interruption_delay During this period, the terminal can prioritize OD-SS detection for NES cells over paging detection for Anchor cells.

[0547] In another embodiment, the terminal may not expect the time of detecting the OD-SS to overlap with the Anchor cell's paging occasion. There may be a portion of the time of detecting the OD-SS that overlaps with the Anchor cell's paging occasion. In this case, the terminal may delay the request for the OD-SS and transmit the request for the OD-SS when it does not overlap with the paging occasion.

[0548] The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0549] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a procedure according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0550] For example, regarding the example of FIG. 20, operations described in various examples above may also be applied. For example, even if operations, contents, etc. are not directly described in the example of FIG. 20, operations, contents, etc. described in various examples of the disclosure of this specification may be applied.

[0551] For example, the UE of FIG. 20 can perform at least one of the terminal operations described in various examples of the present disclosure.

[0552] For example, the first cell may perform the operation of an NES cell and / or a SCell cell as described in various examples of the present disclosure. For example, the first cell may perform the operation of any cell that transmits an OD-SS. For example, a PCell or an anchor cell may transmit an OD-SS. In this case, the first cell may perform the operation of a PCell or an anchor cell.

[0553] For reference, in the example of FIG. 20, the second cell is not illustrated, but this is merely an example. The UE may receive a signal from the second cell, and / or the UE may transmit a signal to the second cell. The second cell may be, for example, an anchor cell or PCell as described in various examples of the present disclosure. For example, the second cell may be any cell that transmits AO-SS.

[0554] The UE may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory that stores instructions and can be connected to operate with the at least one processor. Based on the instruction being executed by the at least one processor, the operations described below may be performed.

[0555] In step (S2001), the first cell can transmit a first synchronization signal to the UE.

[0556] In some implementations, the UE may transmit information related to a request for the first synchronization signal to the first cell. For example, based on the transmission of information related to a request for the first synchronization signal, the first cell may transmit the first synchronization signal to the UE.

[0557] In some implementations, the first cell may transmit information related to the activation of the first synchronization signal to the UE. Based on the UE receiving the information related to the activation of the first synchronization signal, the UE may receive the first synchronization signal.

[0558] In some implementations, based on the satisfaction of at least one triggering condition related to the first synchronization signal, the UE may transmit information related to the request for the first synchronization signal.

[0559] In some implementations, at least one triggering condition associated with the first synchronization signal may include: a condition in which the cell quality of the second cell is below a first threshold; a condition in which the cell quality of the second cell is below the first threshold for a preset time; or a condition in which the difference between the recent cell quality of the second cell and the previous cell quality of the second cell is above a second threshold.

[0560] In step (S2002), the UE can perform a measurement. For example, the UE can perform a measurement based on a first synchronization signal.

[0561] In step (S2003), the UE can evaluate the cell selection criteria. For example, the UE can evaluate whether the cell selection criteria are met based on the above measurements.

[0562] For example, based on the fact that the first synchronization signal is an on-demand synchronization signal, whether the cell selection criteria are satisfied may be evaluated X times within a DRX cycle. X may be a positive integer. X may be based on the DRX cycle and the measurement period for the first synchronization signal.

[0563] In some implementations, the UE may be in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) IDLE state or an RRC INACTIVE state. Based on whether the UE is in an RRC IDLE state or an RRC INACTIVE state, the UE can evaluate whether the cell selection criteria are met.

[0564] In some implementations, the UE may receive a second synchronization signal from the second cell. For example, the UE may measure the cell quality of the second cell based on the second synchronization signal. For example, the second synchronization signal may be an Always On (AO) synchronization signal.

[0565] In some implementations, the UE may receive a setting related to the first synchronization signal from the second cell.

[0566] In some implementations, the second cell may be an anchor cell or a Primary Cell (PCell). The first cell may be any cell other than the anchor cell and the PCell, or a Network Energy Saving (NES) cell. For example, the first cell may be a SCell.

[0567] In some implementations, X may be the largest integer less than or equal to the value obtained by dividing the DRX cycle by the measurement period. For example, X is FLOOR(DRX cycle / T Measurement_period It can be.

[0568] In some implementations, the UE may perform random access-related operations based on any one of FIGS. 6a through 6e. For example, the UE may transmit a random access preamble to a base station (e.g., a first cell and / or a second cell). In some implementations, the UE may receive a response message for the random access preamble from the base station (e.g., a first cell and / or a second cell).

[0569] This specification may have various effects.

[0570] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, even when the period of the SS (e.g., SSB) or the period of the SMTC is long and / or when the period of the SS (e.g., SSB) or the period of the SMTC is dynamically changed, the terminal can communicate effectively and / or accurately with the serving cell and / or adjacent cell.

[0571] For example, the terminal can effectively and / or accurately perform an evaluation of the serving cell and / or an adjacent cell. For example, the terminal can effectively and / or accurately transmit a request for the SS.

[0572] For example, requirements related to the evaluation of a serving cell and / or requirements related to the evaluation of an adjacent cell can be defined effectively and / or accurately.

[0573] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a terminal can effectively and / or accurately perform measurements even in a complex environment where AO-SSB (or AO-SS) and OD-SSB (or OD-SS) are transmitted simultaneously, and / or AO-SSB (or AO-SS) and OD-SSB (or OD-SS) are not transmitted at equal intervals. For example, requirements for measurements in such an environment can be effectively and / or accurately defined.

[0574] According to one embodiment, the terminal can perform measurements more quickly based on AO-SSB (or AO-SS) and / or OD-SSB (or OD-SS).

[0575] The effects obtainable through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to those listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person with ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0576] For reference, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification may be implemented by the device of FIGS. 1 to 3 described above. For example, the terminal (e.g., UE) may be the first device (100) or the second device (200) of FIG. 2. For example, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification may be processed by one or more processors (102 or 202). The operation of the terminal described in this specification may be stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) in the form of an instruction / program (e.g., instruction, executable code) executable by one or more processors (102 or 202). One or more processors (102 or 202) can control one or more memories (104 or 204) and one or more transceivers (105 or 206) and execute instructions / programs stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) to perform the operation of a terminal (e.g., UE) as described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0577] Additionally, instructions for performing the operation of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be contained in one or more memories (104 or 204). And, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may perform the operation of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification by being executed by one or more processors (102 or 202).

[0578] For reference, the operation of a network node (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, etc.) or a base station (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, eNB, first cell, second cell, NES cell, anchor cell, PCell, etc.) described in this specification may be implemented by the device of FIGS. 1 to 3, which will be described below. For example, the network node or base station may be the first device (100) or the second device (200) of FIG. 2. For example, the operation of a network node or base station described in this specification may be processed by one or more processors (102 or 202). The operation of a terminal described in this specification may be stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) in the form of an instruction / program (e.g., instruction, executable code) executable by one or more processors (102 or 202). One or more processors (102 or 202) can control one or more memories (104 or 204) and one or more transceivers (106 or 206) and execute instructions / programs stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) to perform the operation of a network node or base station as described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0579] Additionally, instructions for performing the operation of a network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transient) computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be contained in one or more memories (104 or 204). And, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may perform the operation of a network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification by being executed by one or more processors (102 or 202).

[0580] Although preferred embodiments have been described by way of example above, the disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiments, and may be modified, changed, or improved in various forms within the scope of the spirit and claims of this specification.

[0581] In the exemplary system described above, methods are described based on a flowchart as a series of steps or blocks, but are not limited to the order of the described steps, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps as described above. Furthermore, a person skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowchart are not exclusive, and that other steps may be included, or that one or more steps of the flowchart may be omitted without affecting the scope of rights.

[0582] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A step in which User Equipment (UE) receives a first synchronization signal from a first cell; The above UE performs a measurement based on the first synchronization signal; and The above UE includes a step of evaluating whether cell selection criteria are satisfied based on the above measurement, and Based on the fact that the first synchronization signal is an on-demand synchronization signal, whether the cell selection criteria are satisfied is evaluated X times within a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle, and The above X is a positive integer, and The above X is a method based on the measurement period for the DRX cycle and the first synchronization signal.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method for evaluating whether the cell selection criteria are satisfied based on whether the above UE is in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) IDLE state or an RRC INACTIVE state.

3. In Paragraph 1 or 2, The above UE further includes the step of transmitting information related to a request for the first synchronization signal to the first cell, and A method in which the first synchronization signal is received based on the transmission of information related to the request for the first synchronization signal.

4. In any one of paragraphs 1 through 3, The above UE further includes the step of receiving information related to the activation of the first synchronization signal from the first cell, and A method in which the first synchronization signal is received based on information related to the activation of the first synchronization signal.

5. In Paragraph 4, The step of the above UE receiving a second synchronization signal from a second cell; and The method further includes the step of measuring the cell quality of the second cell based on the second synchronization signal, and The above second synchronization signal is an Always on (AO) synchronization signal, method.

6. In Paragraph 5, A method comprising the step of the above UE receiving a setting related to the first synchronization signal from a second cell.

7. In Paragraph 5 or 6, The above second cell is an anchor cell or a primary cell (PCell), and A method in which the first cell is any cell other than the anchor cell and the PCell, or a Network Energy Saving (NES) cell.

8. In any one of paragraphs 3 through 7, A method in which information related to a request for the first synchronization signal is transmitted based on the fact that at least one triggering condition related to the first synchronization signal is satisfied.

9. In Paragraph 8, At least one triggering condition related to the first synchronization signal is: Condition in which the cell quality of the second cell is below the first threshold; A condition in which the cell quality of the second cell is below the first threshold value for a preset time; or A method comprising one or more of the condition that the difference between the recent cell quality of the second cell and the previous cell quality of the second cell is greater than or equal to a second threshold.

10. In any one of paragraphs 1 through 9, A method in which X is the largest integer among integers less than or equal to the value obtained by dividing the DRX cycle by the measurement period.

11. At least one transceiver; At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions and can be connected to operate with at least one processor, and An operation performed based on the execution of the above instruction by the at least one processor is: a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, a device.

12. At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions and is operablely electrically connected to at least one processor, and An operation performed based on the execution of the above instruction by the at least one processor is: a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, a device.

13. As a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The above instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, a CRM.

14. A step in which the first cell transmits a first synchronization signal to the User Equipment (UE), Based on the first synchronization signal above, a measurement is performed by the UE, and Based on the above measurements, whether the cell selection criteria are satisfied is evaluated by the UE, and Based on the fact that the first synchronization signal is an on-demand synchronization signal, whether the cell selection criteria are satisfied is evaluated X times within a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle, and The above X is a positive integer, and The above X is a method based on the measurement period for the DRX cycle and the first synchronization signal.

15. In Paragraph 14, The above first cell further includes the step of receiving information related to a request for the first synchronization signal from the UE, and A method in which the first synchronization signal is transmitted based on the reception of information related to the request for the first synchronization signal.

16. In Paragraph 14 or 15, The above first cell further includes the step of transmitting information related to the activation of the first synchronization signal to the UE, and A method in which the first synchronization signal is transmitted based on information related to the activation of the first synchronization signal being transmitted.

17. In any one of paragraphs 14 through 16, A method in which X is the largest integer among integers less than or equal to the value obtained by dividing the DRX cycle by the measurement period.

18. At least one transceiver; At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions and can be connected to operate with at least one processor, and The operation performed based on the execution of the above instruction by the at least one processor is: a first cell, which is a method according to claims 14 through 17.

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