Plasmonic tag-based asset tracking for shipping containers

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas are described. In some examples, plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container may be received, the waves carrying information associated with one or more objects within the container. The plasmonic waves may be induced on an inside surface of the container in response to electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the objects. Individual objects may be identified based on the received information, and an inventory of the objects within the container may be determined accordingly. The inventory may then be transmitted, enabling efficient tracking and monitoring of the container's contents without requiring physical access to the interior.

Description

Docket No. 0045-920463PLASMONIC TAG-BASED ASSET TRACKING FOR SHIPPING CONTAINERS FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to asset tracking, and more specifically to electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments (e.g., shipping containers) using plasmonic antennas (e.g., for package tags).BACKGROUND

[0002] Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is widely used for tracking and inventory management in logistics and supply chain operations. RFID systems typically rely on electromagnetic waves to communicate between tags and readers, enabling efficient identification and monitoring of goods. Metal shipping containers may act as barriers to free-space radio frequency signals, posing challenges for conventional RFID systems.SUMMARY

[0003] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas. Some implementations address the technical problem of enabling reliable communication through metal barriers like shipping containers by utilizing plasmonic antennas capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves via surface plasmons. These antennas may induce plasmons on the inner surface of a metal shipping container and detect them on the outer surface, and vice versa, facilitating full-duplex communication between external tracking devices and plasmonic tags inside the container. This approach may overcome the limitations of conventional RFID systems, allowing both active and passive RFID configurations to function effectively in metal-enclosed environments.

[0004] The system may support mesh networking among plasmonic tags inside the container, enabling collective communication and inventory tracking. Tags may periodically communicate with external devices, ensuring real-time monitoring and theft detection. Some implementations may also allow for advanced features such as blockchain-based data storage, where tags record their interactions with other tags, providing a secure and traceable inventory history. By leveraging plasmonic antennas and innovative communication protocols, the system may enable efficient tracking of individual packages within shipping containers without the need to open them, significantly improving operational efficiency and security in logistics and shipping operations.

[0005] A method for electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas is described. The method may include receiving information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, theDocket No. 0045-920463information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the plasmonic waves having been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The method may include identifying individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with one or more objects. The method may include determining an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects. The method may include transmitting the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container.

[0006] A system configured for electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas is described. The system may include a processor and memory coupled with the processor. The system may include instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the system to receive information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, where the information may be associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, and the plasmonic waves may have been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The system may include instructions to identify individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with the one or more objects. The system may include instructions to determine an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects. The system may include instructions to transmit the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container.

[0007] Another system for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas is described. The system may include means for receiving information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, the information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the plasmonic waves having been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The system may include means for identifying individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with one or more objects. The system may include means for determining an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects. The system may include means for transmitting the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to perform electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, the information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the plasmonic waves having been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with one or more objects. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to determine an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to transmit the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container.

[0009] Some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating a mesh network among plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The mesh network may be configured to detect changes in connectivity between the plasmonic tags in response to movement or removal of the one or more objects.

[0010] Some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for storing information associated with the one or more objects in a distributed ledger. The distributed ledger may be configured to record historical associations between the plasmonic tags and other plasmonic tags within the metal shipping container.

[0011] Some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting periodic electromagnetic signals to the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The periodic electromagnetic signals may be configured to verify the presence of the one or more objects over a predefined time interval.

[0012] Some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for ruggedizing the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shippingDocket No. 0045-920463container. The ruggedization may be configured to protect the plasmonic tags from environmental conditions including temperature variations, humidity, and physical impacts.

[0013] Some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting a power source for the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The power source may be selected from a group consisting of battery cells, capacitors, and energy harvesting modules.

[0014] Some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for generating an alert in response to determining that one or more objects within the metal shipping container have been removed.

[0015] In some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the plasmonic tags may be configured to transmit unique identification codes associated with the one or more objects.

[0016] In some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the inventory of the one or more objects may be updated in response to detecting changes in the connectivity of the mesh network.

[0017] In some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the distributed ledger may be accessible by authorized personnel to verify the historical associations of the plasmonic tags.

[0018] In some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the periodic electromagnetic signals may be adjusted based on the predefined time interval to optimize battery life of the plasmonic tags.

[0019] In some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the ruggedization of the plasmonic tags may include protective casings designed to withstand physical impacts during transportation.

[0020] In some examples of the method, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the power source selection for the plasmonic tags may be based on the expected duration of the shipping journey.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates a system that demonstrates the concept of surface electromagnetic waves (SEWs), in accordance with one or more implementations.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0022] FIG. 2 shows container ship system which supports techniques for electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 3 shows shipping container visualization which supports techniques for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of an apparatus that supports electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a plasmonic communication component that supports electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIGS. 7 and 8 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas are disclosed. In some examples, shipping containers, typically constructed from metal, may pose a significant challenge for conventional radio frequency identification systems due to their inability to transmit electromagnetic waves through metal barriers. This limitation may prevent effective tracking and inventory management of goods stored within such containers, leading to operational inefficiencies and increased risk of theft. Current solutions, such as active radio frequency identification systems struggle to achieve reliable communication in metal-enclosed environments. The lack of a robust solution for full-duplex communication between external tracking devices and tags inside metal containers may create a critical gap in the logistics and shipping industry, where secure and efficient inventory tracking may be essential.

[0029] According to some implementations, plasmonic antennas may be used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves through metal barriers of enclosed environments, such as closed metal shipping containers. These antennas may enable two-way communication, allowing signalsDocket No. 0045-920463to be sent and received between external tracking devices and plasmonic tags located inside shipping containers. The plasmonic tags may be affixed to individual packages. The system may support both active and passive radio frequency identification configurations. Active radio frequency identification tags may be powered by batteries, allowing them to operate for extended periods, such as days or weeks, while passive radio frequency identification tags may rely on external signals for activation and may not require a power source.

[0030] Some implementations may include mesh networking capabilities among the tags inside the container. This mesh networking may allow the tags to communicate with one another, ensuring that if a tag is moved or removed, the other tags may detect and report this change. The network may forward this information to the next point of scan, enhancing tracking accuracy. Periodic communication protocols may be supported, allowing the system to ping the tags inside the container at regular intervals. This may ensure continuous monitoring and inventory tracking, with the frequency of communication customizable based on user preferences.

[0031] Some implementations may allow for detailed inventory tracking within metal-enclosed environments, such as shipping containers. Tags may be placed on individual packages inside a container, enabling inventory checks without opening the container. These checks may be performed on a daily, hourly, or monthly basis, depending on user needs. Theft detection capabilities may be included, allowing the system to continuously verify the presence of cargo inside the container. If cargo is stolen, the system may identify the time and location of the theft.

[0032] The system may address the challenge of electromagnetic signals being unable to penetrate metal barriers by inducing surface waves, known as plasmons, on one side of the metal container and detecting them on the opposite side. Experiments may have demonstrated the ability of plasmonic antennas to communicate through metal barriers, including closed metal doors and open cargo containers. Performance metrics may indicate that plasmonic antennas provide significantly better signal transmission compared to conventional antennas, with experimental improvements observed in the range of 10, 20, or 30 decibels.

[0033] Some implementations may support simultaneous two-way communication, allowing external tracking devices and internal plasmonic tags to exchange data in real time. Integration with global positioning system trackers may be included, enabling the tracking of both the container’s location and the inventory inside. A blockchain approach may be incorporated, where each tag may record information about other tags it was associated with. If a tag is removed, this information may be stored by the remaining tags, enhancing traceability.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0034] Tags used in some implementations may be ruggedized to withstand various shipping conditions. Different power sources, such as cell batteries, may be employed based on specific requirements. Various antenna designs may be utilized to optimize communication through metal barriers, ensuring reliable signal transmission and reception. The system may allow for constant verification of cargo presence at customizable frequencies, providing immediate alerts if discrepancies are detected.

[0035] Some implementations may be versatile in their application, allowing use with different types of shipping containers, including those used in commercial and military cargo ships. The system may have been tested in various environments, demonstrating its ability to function effectively in diverse scenarios.

[0036] Aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. The described techniques may be implemented to support enhanced security measures by enabling real-time detection of unauthorized access to cargo containers. The system may facilitate efficient logistics management by providing continuous updates on the status and location of individual packages within containers. The use of plasmonic antennas may reduce signal interference caused by metal barriers, ensuring reliable communication in challenging environments. The described configurations may improve operational efficiency by eliminating the need to manually open containers for inventory checks. The system may be adaptable to various shipping scenarios, allowing for seamless integration with existing tracking infrastructure.

[0037] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of networked computing systems. Aspects of the disclosure are additionally illustrated by and described with reference to example implementations. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas.

[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 that demonstrates the concept of surface electromagnetic waves (SEWs), in accordance with one or more implementations. The system 100 may include a conductive medium 102, such as a body of water, organic tissue, a metallic plane, and / or other conductive media. Adjacent to the conductive medium 102, there may be a dielectric medium 104, such as air and / or other dielectric media, which may interface with the conductive medium 102. The interface 106 between the conductive medium 102 and the dielectric medium 104 may be where SEWs are generated and may propagate.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0039] The system 100 may also include a transmitter 108, which may be positioned near the interface 106. The transmitter 108 may be positioned within the conductive medium 102 or within the dielectric medium 104. The transmitter 108 may be responsible for generating an electromagnetic field that may induce SEWs at the interface 106 of the conductive medium 102 and the dielectric medium 104. The excited SEWs may then travel along the interface 106, as indicated by the arrow of SEW 110, which may represent the direction of wave propagation.

[0040] To help visualize the phenomenon of SEWs, one may consider an analogy to ripples on a pond. When a stone is dropped into a still pond, ripples may form and spread out across the surface of the water. Similarly, the transmitter 108 may be thought of as the stone, and the SEWs may be akin to the ripples that spread along the conductive medium 102. Just as the ripples may move outward from the point of impact, SEWs may propagate along the interface 106, carrying energy with them.

[0041] The system 100 may further include a receiver 112, which may be positioned at a distance from the transmitter 108 along the interface 106. The receiver 112 may be positioned within the conductive medium 102 or within the dielectric medium 104. The receiver 112 may be configured to receive the SEWs after they have propagated along the interface 106. This may be analogous to placing one’s hand in the water at a distance from where the stone was dropped, feeling the ripples as they pass by.

[0042] Additionally, the system 100 may include an object 114 positioned within the conductive medium 102 or within the dielectric medium 104, which may be representative of an obstacle that SEWs may encounter during propagation. The interaction of SEWs with the object 114 may lead to scattering of waves, similar to how water ripples may change direction or form patterns when they encounter a leaf or a rock in the pond.

[0043] The system 100 may include an energy source 116, such as a radio frequency generator, which may be connected to the transmitter 108. The energy source 116 may provide the necessary power for the transmitter 108 to generate the electromagnetic fields that excite the SEWs. This may be thought of as the force with which the stone is thrown into the pond, affecting the size and strength of the resulting ripples.

[0044] In some implementations, the system 100 may include a control unit 118, which may be operatively coupled to the transmitter 108 and / or the receiver 112. The control unit 118 may be responsible for coordinating the generation and detection of SEWs, much like a person orchestrating the timing of stones being dropped into the pond to create a specific pattern of ripples.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0045] From a more technical perspective, SEWs may be understood as a type of wave that propagates along the interface between two media with different dielectric properties. In FIG. 1, the conductive medium 102 and the dielectric medium 104 may form such an interface (e.g., interface 106) where SEWs may be excited and propagate. The transmitter 108 may serve as a transducer that converts electrical signals from the energy source 116 into electromagnetic fields, which may then couple to the interface 106 and give rise to SEWs.

[0046] The propagation of SEWs along the interface 106 may be characterized by a wave vector that is parallel to the interface 106. This wave vector may be larger than the wave vector of free photons in the dielectric medium 104, which may result in a confinement of the electromagnetic field to the vicinity of the interface 106. The SEW’s field strength may decay exponentially in the direction perpendicular to the interface 106, as illustrated by a field strength 120 extending into the dielectric medium 104 and the conductive medium 102. These field strengths may also decay as the SEW propagates along the interface 106, as illustrated by an attenuated field strength 122. The receiver 112 may be designed to couple to these confined, attenuated fields and receive the SEWs after they have propagated along the interface 106.

[0047] The excitation of SEWs by the transmitter 108 may involve the conversion of the electromagnetic energy into a surface-bound mode, which may be facilitated by the specific design of the transmitter 108. The transmitter 108 may be optimized to match the impedance of the SEWs to maximize energy transfer into the surface wave mode. The object 114 submerged within the conductive medium 102 may introduce perturbations in the SEWs, which may be detected by the receiver 112 and analyzed by the control unit 118 to infer properties of the object 114. Examples of such properties may include one or more of size, shape, location, material properties, and / or other properties.

[0048] The mathematical description of SEWs may be derived from Maxwell’s equations, which govern the properties of electromagnetic fields. The wave equation for TM-polarized SEWs may be reduced to a one-dimensional Schrodinger equation:where / > is the effective wave function introduced as Ez= / i / e , and V(z) is the effective potential energy that guides the propagation of SEWs along the interface. The term k2may represent the total energy of the SEWs and the term e may represent the dielectric permittivity of the medium.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0049] For TE-polarized SEWs, the wave equation may not depend on the gradient term V(z) and may be expressed as:

[0050] In the case of a sharp interface between two media with dielectric permittivitiesand e2> the SEW wave vector for TM-polarized waves may be given by:< where m is the angular frequency of the SEWs, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.

[0051] The presence of dielectric permittivity gradients across the interface 106 may lead to additional terms in the effective potential 1 , which may result in the formation of a potential well that supports bound states of SEWs. These bound states may correspond to surface modes with long propagation lengths and may be excited by the transmitter 108 with appropriate impedance matching.

[0052] The system 100 may thus utilize SEWs for various applications, including communication and sensing, by exploiting the unique properties of SEWs at the interface 106 between the conductive medium 102 and the dielectric medium 104. The control unit 118 may process the received signals to extract information about the propagation and interaction of SEWs with the environment and objects within it.

[0053] In some implementations, the transmitter 108 and / or the receiver 112 may include one or more plasmonic antennas. A given plasmonic antenna may be the same as or similar to, or include one or more aspects of, the antennas disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No.17 / 570,968 entitled “Apparatus, Methods and Systems for Electromagnetic Signal Transmission Through a Conductive Medium” filed on January 7, 2022; International Application No.PCT / US2024 / 061379 entitled “Surface Electromagnetic Wave Antenna” filed on December 20, 2024; and International Patent Application No. PCT / US2025 / 015358 entitled “Hybrid Antenna With Dynamic Signal Routing For Free-Space And Near-Metal Environments” filed on February 11, 2025, of which the entirety is incorporated by reference for all purposes.

[0054] It should be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that one or more aspects of the disclosure may be implemented in a system 100 to additionally or alternatively solve other problems than those described above. Furthermore, aspects of the disclosure may provide technical improvements to “conventional” systems or processes as described herein. However, the description and appended drawings only include example technical improvements resultingDocket No. 0045-920463from implementing aspects of the disclosure, and accordingly do not represent all of the technical improvements provided within the scope of the claims.

[0055] FIG. 2 shows container ship system 200 which supports techniques for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As depicted in FIG. 2, the container ship system 200 may include one or more of a container ship 202, shipping containers 204, and / or other components.

[0056] The container ship 202 may be a large cargo vessel specifically designed to transport standardized shipping containers across oceans and waterways. The container ship 202 may feature a robust structural framework that supports the secure stacking and transportation of containers, maximizing cargo capacity and efficiency. In some implementations, the container ship 202 may vary in size, ranging from small feeder vessels to ultra-large container ships capable of carrying tens of thousands of containers. The container ship 202 may be equipped with specialized handling equipment, such as cranes and automated systems, to facilitate the loading and unloading process at ports.

[0057] The container ship 202 may include structural features that support electromagnetic communication through metal barriers. The container ship 202 may be equipped with specialized equipment designed to facilitate the transmission of plasmonic waves. The container ship 202 may have integrated systems that allow for the placement and operation of plasmonic antennas. In some implementations, the container ship 202 may have designated areas for housing communication devices that interact with the plasmonic antennas within the shipping containers 204. The container ship 202 may be designed to accommodate various types of cargo and shipping containers 204, ensuring that the communication systems remain functional regardless of the container’s position on the ship.

[0058] The shipping containers 204 may represent enclosed units designed to house packages and support plasmonic antenna communication. The shipping containers 204 may be constructed from metal materials that typically hinder electromagnetic communication. The shipping containers 204 may be modified to include plasmonic antennas (e.g., the transmitter 108 and / or the receiver 112) that can transmit and receive signals through the metal walls. In some implementations, the shipping containers 204 may be equipped with battery-powered active plasmonic tags that communicate with external devices. The shipping containers 204 may be used in various environments, including ports and cargo ships, to ensure the secure and efficient tracking of valuable cargo.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0059] In some implementations, the container ship 202 may house multiple shipping containers 204 arranged in a stacked configuration to maximize space utilization. The shipping containers 204 and / or packages stored therein may be equipped with plasmonic antennas that are positioned internally to facilitate communication through the metal walls of the containers. The plasmonic antennas within the shipping containers 204 may interact with external tracking devices located on the container ship 202 to transmit and receive electromagnetic signals.

[0060] In some implementations, the plasmonic antennas within the shipping containers 204 may form a mesh network, allowing communication between tags placed on individual packages inside the containers. This mesh network may enable the plasmonic antennas to relay information about the contents of the shipping containers 204 to external tracking devices on the container ship 202. The container ship 202 may serve as a centralized platform for aggregating data from multiple shipping containers 204, facilitating the monitoring of cargo across the entire shipment.

[0061] In some implementations, the container ship 202 may include infrastructure to periodically query the plasmonic antennas within the shipping containers 204. This infrastructure may initiate communication protocols that allow the plasmonic antennas to report the status of packages inside the containers. The arrangement of the shipping containers 204 on the container ship 202 may permit signals to propagate through stacked containers, enabling simultaneous communication with multiple containers in the shipment.

[0062] FIG. 3 shows shipping container visualization 300 which supports techniques for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As depicted in FIG. 3, the shipping container visualization 300 may include one or more of a shipping container 302, packages 304, plasmonic tags 306, and / or other components.

[0063] The shipping container 302 may include metal barriers that support electromagnetic communication through plasmonic antennas. In some implementations, the shipping container 302 may be the same as or similar to the shipping containers 204, as described herein.

[0064] The packages 304 may represent individual items stored within the shipping container 302 for transport or inventory purposes. The packages 304 may include various types of cargo, such as electronics, clothing, or food products. The packages 304 may be equipped with plasmonic tags 306 to enable tracking and inventory management. In some implementations, the packages 304 may be arranged in a specific order to optimize space within the shipping container 302.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0065] The plasmonic tags 306 may provide electromagnetic communication capabilities for tracking packages 304 inside the shipping container 302. The plasmonic tags 306 may include one or more plasmonic antennas (e.g., the transmitter 108 and / or the receiver 112). The plasmonic tags 306 may be designed to transmit signals through metal barriers, allowing for effective communication even when the shipping container 302 is closed. The plasmonic tags 306 may be powered by batteries, enabling them to operate for extended periods. In some implementations, the plasmonic tags 306 may be configured to communicate with external devices, such as GPS trackers, to provide real-time location data. Such external devices may be equipped with one or more plasmonic antennas.

[0066] In some implementations, the shipping container 302 may house packages 304 arranged in a stacked configuration, with plasmonic tags 306 affixed to individual packages 304.The plasmonic tags 306 may enable mesh networking capabilities within the shipping container 302. The inner surface of the shipping container 302 may interact with the plasmonic tags 306 to induce plasmons, which may propagate from internal surfaces to external surfaces of the shipping container 302 to external tracking devices.

[0067] In some implementations, the plasmonic tags 306 may include one or more plasmonic antennas configured to transmit signals through the metal walls of the shipping container 302. These antennas may operate in active or passive RFID modes, depending on the power source integrated into the plasmonic tags 306. The packages 304 may be monitored collectively by the plasmonic tags 306, which may relay inventory data to external tracking devices through periodic communication protocols.

[0068] FIG. 4 shows a block diagram 400 of an apparatus 402 that supports electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. One or more plasmonic tags (e.g., plasmonic tags 306) and / or one or more external tracking devices may include one or more aspects of the apparatus 402. The apparatus 402 may include an input module 404, plasmonic communication component 406, and an output module 408. The apparatus 402 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses). In some cases, the apparatus 402 may be an example of a user terminal, a database server, or a system containing multiple computing devices.

[0069] The input module 404 may manage input signals for the apparatus 402. For example, the input module 404 may identify input signals based on an interaction with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. These input signals may be associated with user input or processing at other components or devices. In some cases, the input moduleDocket No. 0045-920463404 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system to handle input signals. The input module 404 may send aspects of these input signals to other components of the apparatus 402 for processing. For example, the input module 404 may transmit input signals to the plasmonic communication component 406 to support face detection to address privacy in publishing image datasets. In some cases, the input module 404 may be a component of an input / output (I / O) controller 606 as described with reference to FIG. 6.

[0070] The plasmonic communication component 406 may include one or more of a plasmonic wave coupling component 410, an object identification component 412, an inventory determination component 414, an inventory transmission component 416, and / or other components. The plasmonic communication component 406 may be an example of aspects of the plasmonic communication component 502 or 604 described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.

[0071] The plasmonic wave coupling component 410 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting and / or receiving information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on a surface of a metal shipping container, the information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The plasmonic waves may be induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The plasmonic waves may be induced on an outside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from an external tracking device associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The object identification component 412 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with the one or more objects. The inventory determination component 414 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects. The inventory transmission component 416 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container.

[0072] The output module 408 may manage output signals for the apparatus 402. For example, the output module 408 may receive signals from other components of the apparatus 402, such as the plasmonic communication component 406, and may transmit these signals to other components or devices. In some specific examples, the output module 408 may transmit output signals for display in a user interface, for storage in a database or data store, for further processing at a server or server cluster, or for any other processes at any number of devices orDocket No. 0045-920463systems. In some cases, the output module 408 may be a component of an VO controller 606 as described with reference to FIG. 6.

[0073] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a plasmonic communication component 502 that supports electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The plasmonic communication component 502 may be an example of aspects of a plasmonic communication component 406, a plasmonic communication component 604, or both, as described herein. The plasmonic communication component 502, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas as described herein. For example, the plasmonic communication component 502 may include one or more of a plasmonic wave coupling component 504, an object identification component 506, an inventory determination component 508, an inventory transmission component 510, a mesh network generation component 512, a distributed ledger storage component 514, a periodic signal transmission component 516, a tag ruggedization component 518, a power source selection component 520, an object removal alert component 522, and / or other components. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0074] The plasmonic wave coupling component 504 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting and / or receiving information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on a surface of a metal shipping container. In some implementations, the plasmonic wave coupling component 504 may include sensors (e.g., one or more plasmonic antennas) that may detect variations in plasmonic wave intensity across the container’s surface. The plasmonic wave coupling component 504 may be included in a plasmonic tag (e.g., plasmonic tags 306) and / or an external tracking device. In some implementations, the plasmonic wave coupling component 504 mounted on a movable platform that may allow repositioning to optimize signal reception from different areas of the container.

[0075] The information may be associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container. In some implementations, the information may include unique identifiers that may correspond to individual packages stored within the container. The information may include timestamps that may indicate the last known location or movement of the objects within the container.

[0076] The plasmonic waves may have been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The plasmonicDocket No. 0045-920463waves may have been induced on an outside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from an external tracking device configured to detect and identify plasm onic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container.

[0077] In some implementations, the plasmonic waves may propagate along the container walls in patterns that may vary based on the arrangement of the plasmonic tags inside. The plasmonic waves may interact with structural features of the container, such as rivets or seams, which may influence the propagation characteristics detectable by the plasmonic wave coupling component 504.

[0078] The object identification component 506 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with the one or more objects. In some implementations, the object identification component 506 may determine the identity of objects based on unique identifiers encoded in plasmonic tags attached to the objects. In some implementations, the object identification component 506 may interpret variations in electromagnetic signals emitted by plasmonic tags to distinguish between objects with similar physical characteristics. In some implementations, the object identification component 506 may rely on timestamp data embedded in the information to differentiate objects based on their movement history within the container.

[0079] The inventory determination component 508 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects. In some implementations, the inventory determination component 508 may analyze data received from plasmonic tags to estimate the quantity of objects stored within the container. In some implementations, the inventory determination component 508 may cross-reference unique identifiers associated with the objects against a preloaded database to confirm the presence of specific items. In some implementations, the inventory determination component 508 may interpret timestamp data from plasmonic tags to infer the sequence of object placement within the container.

[0080] The inventory transmission component 510 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. In some implementations, the inventory transmission component 510 may transmit data wirelessly to a remote server for storage and analysis. In some implementations, the inventory transmission component 510 may include a modular antenna system that may adapt to different signal frequencies based on environmental conditions. In some implementations, theDocket No. 0045-920463inventory transmission component 510 may transmit inventory data through encrypted channels to maintain data security during transmission.

[0081] In some examples, the mesh network generation component 512 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating a mesh network among plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. In some implementations, the mesh network generation component 512 may establish communication links between plasmonic tags based on their spatial arrangement within the container. In some implementations, the mesh network generation component 512 may include algorithms that may dynamically adjust the network topology in response to changes in the container’s internal environment.

[0082] The mesh network may be configured to detect changes in connectivity between the plasmonic tags in response to movement or removal of the one or more objects. In some implementations, the mesh network may identify disruptions in signal pathways caused by the repositioning of objects within the container. In some implementations, the mesh network may log connectivity changes to a local storage device for subsequent analysis of object movement patterns.

[0083] In some examples, the distributed ledger storage component 514 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for storing information associated with the one or more objects in a distributed ledger. In some implementations, the distributed ledger storage component 514 may store data related to the timestamps of interactions between plasmonic tags within the metal shipping container. In some implementations, the distributed ledger storage component 514 may include mechanisms to store metadata describing the physical arrangement of plasmonic tags at specific intervals.

[0084] The distributed ledger may be configured to record historical associations between the plasmonic tags and other plasmonic tags within the metal shipping container. In some implementations, the distributed ledger may record the frequency of signal exchanges between plasmonic tags to infer proximity patterns. In some implementations, the distributed ledger may store information about environmental conditions, such as temperature or humidity, that may influence the behavior of plasmonic tags during their interactions.

[0085] In some examples, the periodic signal transmission component 516 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting periodic electromagnetic signals to or from the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. In some implementations, the periodic signal transmission component 516 may include a programmable timer that may allow adjustments to the frequency of signalDocket No. 0045-920463transmission based on user-defined intervals. In some implementations, the periodic signal transmission component 516 may incorporate a modular design that may accommodate different signal frequencies depending on the type of plasmonic tags used.

[0086] The periodic electromagnetic signals may be configured to verify the presence of the one or more objects over a predefined time interval. In some implementations, the periodic electromagnetic signals may include encoded data that may correspond to specific identifiers of the plasmonic tags to ensure accurate detection. In some implementations, the periodic electromagnetic signals may be transmitted at varying power levels that may adapt to environmental conditions within the metal shipping container.

[0087] In some examples, the tag ruggedization component 518 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for ruggedizing the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The ruggedization may be configured to protect the plasmonic tags from environmental conditions including temperature variations, humidity, and physical impacts. In some implementations, the ruggedization may include the application of a protective coating that may resist corrosion caused by prolonged exposure to moisture. In some implementations, the ruggedization may involve encasing the plasmonic tags in shock-absorbing materials that may mitigate damage from accidental drops or collisions. In some implementations, the ruggedization may incorporate heat-resistant materials that may allow the plasmonic tags to function in environments with extreme temperature fluctuations.

[0088] In some examples, the power source selection component 520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for selecting a power source for the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The power source may be selected from a group consisting of battery cells, capacitors, and energy harvesting modules. In some implementations, the power source selection component 520 may determine the suitability of battery cells based on their ability to operate under extreme temperature conditions within the container. In some implementations, the power source selection component 520 may include mechanisms to assess the longevity of capacitors in environments with fluctuating humidity levels. In some implementations, the power source selection component 520 may evaluate energy harvesting modules for compatibility with plasmonic tags that may require intermittent power supply during transit.

[0089] In some examples, the object removal alert component 522 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for generating an alert in response to determining that one or more objects within the metal shipping container may have been removed. In some implementations, the object removal alert component 522 may generate a visual, audible, and / or textual signal thatDocket No. 0045-920463may notify personnel in the vicinity of the container. In some implementations, the object removal alert component 522 may transmit a wireless notification to a remote monitoring system that may log the event for further analysis. In some implementations, the object removal alert component 522 may activate a visual indicator, such as a flashing light, that may be mounted on the exterior of the container to signal the removal event.

[0090] FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a system 600 including a device 602 that supports electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 602 may be an example of or include the components of a database server or an apparatus 402 as described herein. The device 602 may include components for bi-directional data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a plasmonic communication component 604, an I / O controller 606, a database controller 608, memory 610, a processor 612, and a database 614. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 616).

[0091] The plasmonic communication component 604 may be an example of a plasmonic communication component 406 or 502 as described herein. For example, the plasmonic communication component 604 may perform any of the methods or processes described above with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. In some cases, the plasmonic communication component 604 may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof.

[0092] The VO controller 606 may manage input signals 618 and output signals 620 for the device 602. The I / O controller 606 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 602. In some cases, the I / O controller 606 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 606 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS / 2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. In other cases, the I / O controller 606 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 606 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 602 via the I / O controller 606 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 606.

[0093] The database controller 608 may manage data storage and processing in a database 614. In some cases, a user may interact with the database controller 608. In other cases, the database controller 608 may operate automatically without user interaction. The database 614Docket No. 0045-920463may be an example of a single database, a distributed database, multiple distributed databases, a data store, a data lake, or an emergency backup database.

[0094] Memory 610 may include random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 610 may store computer-readable, computer-executable software including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 610 may contain, among other things, a basic input / output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0095] The processor 612 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 612 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 612. The processor 612 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory 610 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas).

[0096] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 700 that supports electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by one or more components of a networked computing system as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a plasmonic communication component as described with reference to FIGS. 4 through 6. In some examples, one or more components of a networked computing system may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the component(s) to perform the described functions.Additionally or alternatively, the one or more components of a networked computing system may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0097] At 702, the method 700 may include receiving information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, the information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the plasmonic waves having been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The operations of 702 may be performed in accordance with examplesDocket No. 0045-920463as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 702 may be performed by a plasmonic wave coupling component 504 as described with reference to FIG. 5.

[0098] At 704, the method 700 may include identifying individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with one or more objects. The operations of 704 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 704 may be performed by an object identification component 506 as described with reference to FIG. 5.

[0099] At 706, the method 700 may include determining an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects. The operations of 706 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 706 may be performed by an inventory determination component 508 as described with reference to FIG. 5.

[0100] At 708, the method 700 may include transmitting the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The operations of 708 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 708 may be performed by an inventory transmission component 510 as described with reference to FIG. 5

[0101] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 800 that supports electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by one or more components of a networked computing system as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a plasmonic communication component as described with reference to FIGS. 4 through 6. In some examples, one or more components of a networked computing system may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the component(s) to perform the described functions.Additionally or alternatively, the one or more components of a networked computing system may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

[0102] At 802, the method 800 may include inducing plasmonic waves on an inside surface of a metal shipping container in response to transmitting electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container. The operations of 802 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 802 may be performed by a plasmonic wave coupling component 504 as described with reference to FIG. 5.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0103] At 804, the method 800 may include propagating the plasmonic waves carrying information associated with the one or more objects on an outside surface of the metal shipping container. The operations of 804 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 804 may be performed by an object identification component 506 as described with reference to FIG. 5.

[0104] At 806, the method 800 may include transmitting the information associated with the one or more objects to a receiver outside the metal shipping container. The operations of 806 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 806 may be performed by an inventory transmission component 510 as described with reference to FIG. 5.

[0105] At 808, the method 800 may include receiving a confirmation of the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the transmitted information. The operations of 808 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 808 may be performed by an inventory determination component 508 as described with reference to FIG. 5.

[0106] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

[0107] Aspect 1 : A method for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas, the method comprising: receiving information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, the information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the plasmonic waves having been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container; identifying individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with one or more objects; determining an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects; and transmitting the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container.

[0108] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising generating a mesh network among plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shippingDocket No. 0045-920463container, the mesh network configured to detect changes in connectivity between the plasmonic tags in response to movement or removal of the one or more objects.

[0109] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising storing information associated with the one or more objects in a distributed ledger, the distributed ledger configured to record historical associations between the plasmonic tags and other plasmonic tags within the metal shipping container.

[0110] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, further comprising transmitting periodic electromagnetic signals to the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the periodic electromagnetic signals configured to verify the presence of the one or more objects over a predefined time interval.

[0111] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising ruggedizing the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the ruggedization configured to protect the plasmonic tags from environmental conditions including temperature variations, humidity, and physical impacts.

[0112] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising selecting a power source for the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the power source selected from a group consisting of battery cells, capacitors, and energy harvesting modules.

[0113] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising generating an alert in response to determining that one or more objects within the metal shipping container have been removed.

[0114] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein the plasmonic tags are configured to transmit unique identification codes associated with the one or more objects.

[0115] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, wherein the inventory of the one or more objects is updated in response to detecting changes in the connectivity of the mesh network.

[0116] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, wherein the distributed ledger is accessible by authorized personnel to verify the historical associations of the plasmonic tags.

[0117] Aspect 11 : The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, wherein the periodic electromagnetic signals are adjusted based on the predefined time interval to optimize battery life of the plasmonic tags.Docket No. 0045-920463

[0118] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the ruggedization of the plasmonic tags includes protective casings designed to withstand physical impacts during transportation.

[0119] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein the power source selection for the plasmonic tags is based on the expected duration of the shipping journey.

[0120] Aspect 14: A system for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the system to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.

[0121] Aspect 15: A system for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.

[0122] Aspect 16: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.

[0123] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “exemplary” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration,” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples.” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0124] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.

[0125] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may beDocket No. 0045-920463represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0126] The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general -purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general -purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0127] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of’ or “one or more of’) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.”

[0128] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), compact disk (CD) ROM or other opticalDocket No. 0045-920463disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general -purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0129] The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

Docket No. 0045-920463CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method for electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas, the method comprising:receiving information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, the information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the plasmonic waves having been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container;identifying individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with one or more objects;determining an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects; andtransmitting the inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a mesh network among plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the mesh network configured to detect changes in connectivity between the plasmonic tags in response to movement or removal of the one or more objects.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing information associated with the one or more objects in a distributed ledger, the distributed ledger configured to record historical associations between the plasmonic tags and other plasmonic tags within the metal shipping container.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting periodic electromagnetic signals to the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the periodic electromagnetic signals configured to verify the presence of the one or more objects over a predefined time interval.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising ruggedizing the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the ruggedization configured to protect the plasmonic tags from environmental conditions including temperature variations, humidity, and physical impacts.Docket No. 0045-9204636. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a power source for the plasm onic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the power source selected from a group consisting of battery cells, capacitors, and energy harvesting modules.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating an alert in response to determining that one or more objects within the metal shipping container have been removed.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plasm onic tags are configured to transmit unique identification codes associated with the one or more objects.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the inventory of the one or more objects is updated in response to detecting changes in the connectivity of the mesh network.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the distributed ledger is accessible by authorized personnel to verify the historical associations of the plasmonic tags.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the periodic electromagnetic signals are adjusted based on the predefined time interval to optimize battery life of the plasmonic tags.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the ruggedization of the plasmonic tags includes protective casings designed to withstand physical impacts during transportation.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the power source selection for the plasmonic tags is based on the expected duration of the shipping journey.

14. A system configured for electromagnetic communication through metal-enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas, comprising:a processor;memory coupled with the processor; andinstructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the system to:receive information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, the information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the plasmonic waves having been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container;Docket No. 0045-920463identify individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with one or more objects;determine an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects; andtransmit the inventory of the one or more obj ects within the metal shipping container.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the system to: generate a mesh network among plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the mesh network configured to detect changes in connectivity between the plasmonic tags in response to movement or removal of the one or more objects.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the system to: store information associated with the one or more objects in a distributed ledger, the distributed ledger configured to record historical associations between the plasmonic tags and other plasmonic tags within the metal shipping container.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the system to: transmit periodic electromagnetic signals to the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the periodic electromagnetic signals configured to verify the presence of the one or more objects over a predefined time interval.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the system to: ruggedize the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the ruggedization configured to protect the plasmonic tags from environmental conditions including temperature variations, humidity, and physical impacts.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the system to: select a power source for the plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the power source selected from a group consisting of battery cells, capacitors, and energy harvesting modules.Docket No. 0045-92046320. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for electromagnetic communication through metal -enclosed environments using plasmonic antennas, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:receive information carried by plasmonic waves propagating on an outside surface of a metal shipping container, the information associated with one or more objects within the metal shipping container, the plasmonic waves having been induced on an inside surface of the metal shipping container in response to receiving electromagnetic signals from plasmonic tags associated with the one or more objects within the metal shipping container;identify individual ones of the one or more objects based on the information associated with the one or more objects;determine an inventory of the one or more objects within the metal shipping container based on the identified one or more objects; andtransmit the inventory of the one or more obj ects within the metal shipping container.

Images