Projectile throwing device

Abstract

A projectile throwing device (100,200,300,400 and 600) includes a up (11 ), an arm (20), and a handle (10). The cup is configured to receive a projectile. The arm has a distal end (21) and a proximal end (22) opposite the distal end, the distal end being coupled o the cup. The handle is pivotally coupled with the proximal end of the arm. The handle includes a grip portion(30) defining a grip axis (70) and a hinge portion (25). The hinge ortion defines a hinge axis (65) and an opening (50). The arm is configured to rotate about the hinge axis from a rearward position (74) to a forward position (78). The opening is defined at least partially by one or more stop walls(53,55). The proximal end of the arm is positioned at least partially within the opening of the hinge portion. The rearward position and the forward position are limited by engagement between the proximal end of the arm and the stop walls. In an embodiment, the cup includes a body portioon (12) with left (17) and right (16) fingers with a thumb (18) located between, configured such that during throwing the projectile is released by the thumb before the fingers to impart backspin.

Description

Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641PROJECTILE THROWING DEVICE CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 63 / 777,520, filed on March 25, 2025, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to toys. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to toy launching devices and more specifically, pet toy launching devices.SUMMARY

[0003] At least one embodiment relates to a projectile throwing device including a cup, an arm, and a handle. The cup is configured to receive a projectile. The arm has a distal end and a proximal end opposite the distal end, the distal end being coupled to the cup and a proximal end. The handle is pivotally coupled with the proximal end of the arm. The handle includes a grip portion defining a grip axis and a hinge portion. The hinge portion defines a hinge axis and an opening. The arm is configured to rotate about the hinge axis from a rearward position to a forward position. The opening is defined at least partially by one or more stop walls. The proximal end of the arm is positioned at least partially within the opening of the hinge portion. The rearward position and the forward position are limited by engagement between the proximal end of the arm and the stop walls.

[0004] Another embodiment relates to a projectile throwing device including a cup, an arm, and a handle. The cup includes a body portion configured to receive a projectile and a plurality of fingers extending from the body portion and configured to grip the projectile to secure the projectile within the body portion. The fingers include a left finger, a right finger, and a thumb located between the left finger and the right finger. The arm has a distal end and a proximal end opposite the distal end, the distal end being coupled to the cup. The handle is coupled to the proximal end of the cup. At least one of the plurality of fingers are flex away from at least one of the other plurality of fingers to release the projectile during a throwingAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641motion. The projectile is released by the thumb during the throwing motion and subsequently released by the left finger and the right finger to impart a backspin on motion of the projectile.

[0005] Yet another embodiment relates to a projectile throwing device including a cup, an arm, and a handle. The cup includes a body portion configured to receive a projectile and a plurality of fingers. The fingers extend from the body and at least one of the fingers is configured to grip the projectile to secure the projectile within the body portion of the cup. The fingers are configured to flex away from at least one of the other of the plurality of fingers to release the projectile during a throwing motion. The arm has a distal end and a proximal end opposite the distal end, the distal end being coupled to the cup. The handle is pivotally coupled to the proximal end of the arm. The handle includes a grip portion defining a grip axis and a hinge portion. The hinge portion defines a hinge axis and an opening. The arm is configured to rotate about the hinge axis from a rearward position to a forward position. The opening is defined at least partially by one or more stop walls. The proximal end of the arm is positioned at least partially within the opening of the hinge portion. The rearward position and the forward position are limited by engagement between the proximal end of the arm and the stop walls.

[0006] This summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other aspects, inventive features, and advantages of the devices or processes described herein will become apparent in the detailed description set forth herein, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0007] The disclosure will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements, in which:

[0008] FIG. 1 depicts a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.

[0009] FIG. 2 is a side view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 1, according to an example embodiment.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0010] FIG. 3 is a front view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 1, according to an example embodiment.

[0011] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a handle of the projectile throwing device of FIG.1, according to an example embodiment.

[0012] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the handle of FIG. 4, according to an example embodiment.

[0013] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a stopping mechanism of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.

[0014] FIG. 7 depicts a projectile throwing device with a lock mechanism having a trigger actuator, according to an example embodiment.

[0015] FIG. 8 is a side view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 7, according to an example embodiment.

[0016] FIG. 9 is a front view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 7, according to an example embodiment.

[0017] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a trigger locking mechanism of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 7, according to an example embodiment.

[0018] FIG. 11 depicts a projectile throwing device with lock mechanism having a palm actuator, according to an example embodiment.

[0019] FIG. 12 is a side view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 11, according to an example embodiment.

[0020] FIG. 13 is a front view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 11, according to an example embodiment.

[0021] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a palm lock mechanism of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 11, according to an example embodiment.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0022] FIG. 15 depicts a projectile throwing device with a lock mechanism having a thumb actuator, according to an example embodiment.

[0023] FIG. 16 is a side view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 15, according to an example embodiment.

[0024] FIG. 17 is a front view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 15, according to an example embodiment.

[0025] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a thumb lock mechanism of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 15, according to an example embodiment.

[0026] FIG. 19 is detail perspective view of a thumb lock mechanism of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 15, according to an example embodiment.

[0027] FIG. 20 depicts a projectile throwing device with a lock mechanism having a palm actuator, according to an example embodiment.

[0028] FIG. 21. is a side view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 20, according to an example embodiment.

[0029] FIG. 22 is a front view of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 20, according to an example embodiment.

[0030] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the lock mechanism of the projectile throwing device of FIG. 20, according to an example embodiment.

[0031] FIG. 24 is a detailed view of a hinge portion of the projectile throwing device of FIG.20, according to an example embodiment.

[0032] FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a ball holder of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.

[0033] FIG. 26 is a rear view of a ball holder of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0034] FIG. 27 is a bottom view of a ball holder of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.

[0035] FIG. 28 is a side view of a ball holder of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.

[0036] FIG. 29 is a side view of a ball holder of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.

[0037] FIG. 30 is a front view of a ball holder of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.

[0038] FIG. 31 is a detailed view of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.

[0039] FIG. 32 is a detailed view of a projectile throwing device, according to an example embodiment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Before turning to the figures, which illustrate certain exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the details or methodology set forth in the description or illustrated in the figures. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description only and should not be regarded as limiting.

[0041] Many dog owners have difficulty providing enough exercise for their dog. For example, many popular dog breeds, such as herding dog breeds (e.g., Australian Shepherds, Border Collies, German Shepherds, etc.) are highly active and require high levels of daily activity to maintain their health and prevent unwanted (e.g., destructive) behavior. It may be difficult for a dog owner to provide their pets with enough exercise, especially as many dogs, like those described above, require vigorous or extensive exercise. Another common issue amongst pet owners is dog obesity, which a dog owner may wish to resolve by implementing an exercise regimen for their dog. A well-known and widely implemented exercise for dogsAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641is playing fetch, and many dog owners rely on projectile throwing devices to help throw pet toys faster or further than is possible by hand.

[0042] In most existing projectile throwing devices, a ball (e.g., a pet toy) is placed into a cup on the thrower. In order to throw the ball, a user must swing their arm backwards and extend their elbow, moving the thrower in a throwing motion in tandem with their arm. The user then must flex their elbow as they swing their arm forward, which propels the thrower arm forward and downward. Such a throwing motion may not be a natural throwing motion for some users. Plus, some users may not be physically able to generate a sufficient throwing arm motion to generate the force needed to throw the ball as far as desired. To ensure that a user’s pet receives enough exercise, the user may alter their throwing technique once they grow fatigued from the traditional throwing motion. For example, the user may wish to perform a sidearm throw (e.g., by extending their arm approximately parallel to the ground rather than over the shoulder) with the projectile throwing device, which requires less elbow exertion. However, the user may still not develop sufficient rotational speed for the ball using a sidearm throwing motion.

[0043] The projectile throwing device described herein, however, provides a technical solution to existing projectile throwing devices by providing a projectile throwing device with a hinge and a fastball cup. The hinge allows the distal end of arm of the thrower to pivot relative to the handle with the user’s backswing and forward swing, which imparts additional energy to launch the ball in a similar manner as the user’s arm. Therefore, as a result of the pivoting motion of the distal end of the arm, the amount of energy imparted on the ball can be increased appreciably over energy imparted on the ball by only the user’s arm or a fixed shaft thrower. In sum, the hinge acts as a second hinge point (e.g., the user’s elbow being the first hinge point), which mechanically provides extra force and velocity in each throw for the same amount of effort by the user.

[0044] The fastball cup on the projectile throwing device reduces the likelihood of a ball being thrown downwards or prematurely released from the cup, as well as enabling the pet toy thrower to complete adequate sidearm and underarm throws. For example, the fastball cup is configured to release the ball at a certain acceleration or position within the ballthrowing motion, before the end of the arm’s motion. This ensures that the ball is released atAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641an optimal angle to achieve an optimal projectile motion of the ball. Additionally, such a release eliminates the requirement for the user to manually flick (e.g., snap, or abruptly stop a motion to release) the ball from the cup, thereby reducing the exertion from the user and preventing fatigue. By reducing the effort required of a user while achieving longer distance throws, the user may be more inclined to play with the user’s pet for an extended period of time, thereby increasing an amount of exercise experienced by the animal.

[0045] Referring now to FIGS. 1-6, among others, a projectile throwing device 100 (e.g., a launcher, a ball thrower, a projectile thrower, a projectile launcher) is shown, according to an example embodiment. The projectile throwing device 100 includes a cup 11 (e.g., a basket, bowl, or scoop, or some other portion configured to selectively retain a projectile). The cup 11 is configured to receive a projectile, such as a ball or other non-spherical projectile (e.g., a snowman-shape). The cup 11 may include one or more features configured to facilitate optimal control of the ball, such as one or more fingers or other protrusions that can flex during operation of the projectile throwing device 100. For example, FIGS. 1-3 illustrate at least a ball-receiving body area 12, side walls 13, 14, a rear 15, one or more bottom fingers (in this case, a right finger 16, a left finger 17), a thumb 18, and a notch 19. Such components of the cup 11 are described further herein with respect to FIGS. 25-32. Although the figures of the present application depict a cup 11 having a particular design, it is understood that the cup 11 can be otherwise configured to have a different ornamental or aesthetic appearance while performing the same function as the cup 11 described herein. That is, the function of the cup is not dictated by the ornamental or aesthetic appearance of the example projectile throwing devices depicted herein.

[0046] The cup 11 may assist with ball retrieval (e.g., picking or scooping the ball off the ground). The cup 11 is structured to hold the ball and selectively release the ball during a throwing motion. The cup 11 may be sized to ensure optimal ball holding and release. For example, a ball placed into the cup 11 is retained within a body area 12 of the cup 11 and is configured to remain secured with the body area 12 of the cup 11 in absence of a force beyond some threshold force. For example, the ball can remain within the body area 12 of the cup 11 until a sufficient force is imparted on the ball to cause the ball to separate from the cup 11, such as during a ball-throwing. The cup 11 can retain the ball within the body area 12Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641such that the cup 11 may be flipped upside down without the ball falling from the cup 11, or user may walk or run with the projectile throwing device 100 without the ball inadvertently falling from the cup 11. The cup 11 is configured to release the ball once sufficient energy has been imparted to the ball at an optimal release point during the ball-throwing action, which reduces the likelihood that the ball is prematurely released from the cup 11. This further ensures that an action by a user to launch a ball from the projectile throwing device 100 is likely to produce the desired, expected result (e.g., an accurate throw of a predictable distance, for example). To retain the ball, the cup 11 is sized to hold a ball of a specific size or range of sizes. In some embodiments, the cup 11 may be slightly larger than its intended corresponding ball (e.g., to allow the ball to more easily leave the cup 11 and reduce the likelihood that the ball becomes stuck within the body area 12), but with inwardly curved components that curve into the body area 12 to hold the ball into the body area 12. The fingers 16, 17 and the thumb 18 may include the curved components, which are shown and described further herein with respect to FIGS. 25-32. As one example, for a projectile throwing device 100 intended for a medium-sized ball with an approximate 63.5 mm diameter, the body area 12 may therefore have a slightly larger body portion, such as an approximate 64.5 mm diameter.

[0047] The cup 11 may be configured to support various ball sizes. For example, a user may intend to use the ball thrower to throw a small-sized pet toy for their small dog (e.g., a chihuahua, a jack russell terrier, etc.). Accordingly, the user may select a projectile throwing device 100 having a small-sized cup 11, for example a cup 11 accommodating a 50 mm ball. Conversely, the user may intend to use the ball thrower to throw a large-sized pet toy for their large dog (e.g., a Cane Corso, a Saint Bernard, etc.). Accordingly, the user may select a projectile throwing device 100 having a large-sized cup 11, for example a cup 11 accommodating a 100 mm ball. The cup 11 may vary to accommodate ball sizes between 45-110 mm, according to some embodiments. In other examples, the cup 11 can vary to accommodate balls of sizes greater than 110 mm or less than 45 mm.

[0048] The thickness of the cup 11 and the material from which it is formed may vary, according to various embodiments. For example, the thickness may vary based on the diameter of the cup 11. Assuming the cup 11 is configured to hold a medium-sized ball (e.g.,Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641about 65 mm in diameter), the thickness of the cup 11 may be decreased when the cup 11 dimensions are changed to hold a smaller ball (e.g., about 50 mm in diameter). Additionally, the thickness of the cup 11 may be increased when the cup 11 is configured to hold a larger ball (e.g., about 75 mm in diameter or greater). In some embodiments, the thickness of the cup 11 may range from about 1.75-4.5 mm.

[0049] The shape of the cup 11 may vary, according to various embodiments. For example, the projectile throwing device 100 may have a cup 11 shaped to throw a spherical pet toy (e.g., a rubber ball, a squeaker ball, a tennis ball, etc.). The cup 11 is therefore shaped to accommodate a ball and optimally throw the ball. In some embodiments, the cup 11 may be shaped to accommodate and throw pet toys that are not spherical in shape (e.g., frisbees, fetch sticks, footballs, or some other projectile). For example, the cup 11 can be shaped to accommodate the non-spherical pet toy and optimally throw the toy. In some embodiments, the cup 11 is removably coupled to the distal end 21 of the arm 20. Therefore, the projectile throwing device 100 may be used with various cups 11 meant for different pet toys. As a result, a user does not need separate throwers for each of their pet toys.

[0050] The projectile throwing device 100 further includes an arm 20 (e.g., a lever, or a limb, or some other portion). The arm 20 has a first, distal end 21 (e.g., a top end, an upper end, etc.) and a second, proximal end 22 (e.g., a bottom end, a lower end, etc.). The cup 11 is provided on the terminal end of the distal end 21 and a handle 10 is provided on the proximal end 22. In one embodiment, a hinge portion 25 of the handle 10 is provided intermediate the proximal end 22 and distal end 21. In the embodiments described herein, the proximal end 22 is pivotally coupled to the hinge portion 25 such that the arm 20 is configured to rotate about an axis, shown as hinge axis 65 relative to the handle 10. The proximal end 22 of the arm 20 includes a visible portion 23 (e.g., an exposed portion) and an enclosed portion 24 (e.g., an enclosed portion). The visible portion 23 is offset from the hinge portion 25 and is visible to a user (e.g., confronts an exterior environment, etc.). The enclosed portion 24 of the arm 20 is located at least partially within the hinge portion 25 and is at least partially hidden from a user.

[0051] The hinge portion 25 is centered around the hinge axis 65. Further, the hinge portion 25 includes a hinge opening 50, which receives the proximal end 22 of the arm 20. Therefore,Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641the area of the proximal end 22, shown as the enclosed portion 24, that is disposed within the hinge opening 50 rotates about the hinge axis 65. The enclosed portion 24 is pivotally coupled to the handle 10 about the hinge axis 65. Such rotation controls the rotation of the visible portion 23, and the rest of the arm 20, and the cup 11. The hinge opening 50 includes recesses 52, 54 which define motion paths for the arm 20, which is described further herein with respect to FIG. 4.

[0052] In some embodiments, the hinge portion 25 includes one or more covers, caps, or lids, shown as cover 26 and 27. The covers 26, 27 may be disposed on opposite sides of the hinge portion 25. The covers 26, 27 may be removable. For example, the covers 26, 27 may be snap on / off covers, screw on / off covers, slide on / off covers, clip-on covers, magnetic covers, among other various removable cover mechanisms. The removable covers 26, 27 are advantageous both functionally and aesthetically. Functionally, the removable covers 26, 27 allow a user to easily access the enclosed portion 24 of the arm 20 that is otherwise inaccessible when covered. In the event that the arm 20 is not rotating properly, the user can remove the covers 26, 27 to troubleshoot the rotation issue. For example, upon removing the covers 26, 27, the user may discover that an unwanted object has been lodged within the hinge opening 50 and subsequently remove the object to resolve the rotation issue.Aesthetically, the removable covers 26, 27 conceal various inner components of the handle 10 and provide a clean look. In some embodiments, the covers 26, 27 are customizable. For example, the covers 26, 27 may be manufactured to include a specific user’s name or other user information (e.g., contact information in case the ball thrower is lost), to be of a specified color, to include selected graphics, among other various customizable features.

[0053] The handle 10 includes a grip portion or handlebar, shown as grip 30, that provides an optimal location for a user to grasp the thrower. The grip 30 includes a front 2, rear 4, left side 6, and right side 8. The grip 30 may include one or more grip supports configured to stabilize and enhance the user’s grip. For example, the projectile throwing device 100 is shown to have a finger grip 35 on the front side 2 and a thumb grip 40 on the rear side 4. The finger grip 35 and / or the thumb grip 40 may include a tactile or non-slip surface to increase the friction and enhance the user’s grasp on the handle. For example, FIG. 1 depicts the finger grip 35 having a series of ridges. Similarly, FIG. 6 depicts the thumb grip 40 having aAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641series of ridges. The finger grip and / or the thumb grip 40 may be made with a high-friction material (e.g., rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, silicone, polyurethane, etc.) to promote a strong grip on the handle 10. In some embodiments, the handle 10 includes a hole 60. The hole 60 is located on the handle 10 opposite the hinge portion 25. The hole 60 may be configured to receive a hook, enabling storage of the projectile throwing device 100 in a hanging position. Additionally, or alternatively, the hole 60 may be configured to receive a strap, cord, or other form of tether to assist with storage or transportation of the projectile throwing device 100. In yet other examples, the handle 10 can include a clip, a latch, or carabiner to clip the handle 10 to a belt loop or some other object. Shown in at least in FIGS.1, 3, and 5, among others, the grip 30 defines a grip axis 70, which is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the hinge axis 65. For example, at least a portion of the grip 30 extends along the grip axis 70.

[0054] The incorporation of the hinge portion 25 appreciably increases the energy imparted to the ball, which in turn allows a user to launch the ball farther or at a greater velocity. As shown in FIG. 2, among others, the arm 20 can pivot relative to the handle 10 between a rearward position 74 (e.g., a retracted position, a back position, etc.) and a forward position 76 (e.g., an extended position, a front position, etc.). An angular range of motion between the rearward position 74 and the forward position 78 can be between 60°-120°, less than 60°, or greater than 120°. In the example depicted in FIGS. 2 and 4, for example, the angular range of motion of the arm 20 relative to the handle 10 is approximately 100° (e.g., 100 ± 10°). The pivotal relationship between the arm 20 and the handle 10 creates a range of motion of the arm 20 relative to the grip 30 that can supplement (e.g., increase) a range of motion of the projectile throwing device 100. For example, a range of motion of the cup 11 of the projectile throwing device 100 can include a range of motion of the user’s arm in a throwing motion plus a range of motion of the arm 20 relative to the handle 10 so that the total range of motion of the cup 11 is greater than a range of motion of a user’s arm. This increased range of motion can increase the energy imparted on a ball held by the cup 11 such that the ball can be launched from the thrower with a greater velocity or can travel a greater distance.

[0055] For example, when a user initiates a ball throwing motion (e.g., elbow flexion), the user swings the entirety of the projectile throwing device 100 in a backward, backswing arcAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641and the distal end 21 of the arm 20 rotates about the hinge axis 65 in a first direction, shown as first or backswing direction 72, to a first, rearward position 74. Then, the user commences the throwing motion rotating the entirety of the projectile throwing device 100 in a forward throwing motion. This motion transfers a certain amount of energy to the projectile throwing device 100 and a ball received in the cup 11. This motion further causes the arm 20 to pivot about the hinge axis 65 in a second, forward direction 76, to an extended, or forward position 78. For example, as the user nears the end of the throwing motion of the user’s arm, the momentum of the ball mounted in the cup 11 causes the distal end of the arm 20 to rotate about the hinge axis 65 in the second, forward direction 76, to the forward position 78. In this way, the energy imparted on the ball is not limited by a throwing motion of the user’s arm. Instead, the rotation of the cup 11 and the distal end 21 of the arm 20 about the hinge axis 65 provides for a greater range of motion of the ball — and thus a longer path along which energy is imparted on the ball — before the ball departs from the cup 11. In this way, the pivotal relationship between the arm 20 and the handle 10 can impart additional energy to the ball from what the user was able to impart solely from the user’s arm via a launcher without a pivotal relationship between an arm and a grip. So, there is an (i) initial amount of energy the user creates and imparts on the ball just by the throwing motion pivoting around the user’s shoulder, then there is a (ii) second, additional amount of energy imparted on the ball through the second, additional motion of the arm 20 about the hinge axis 65 relative to the handle 10. FIGS. 4 and 6, among others, further detail the angular motion of the arm 20 during the throwing motion.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 4, the enclosed portion 24 of the arm 20 is disposed in the hinge opening 50. The enclosed portion 24 of the arm 20 may have a circular shape. The hinge opening 50 may also have a circular shape of nearly equal size as the enclosed portion 24, such that the enclosed portion 24 is restricted to all movement other than rotation about the hinge axis 65. The visible portion 23 extends from the enclosed portion 24 and separates the top of the hinge opening 50, forming a first, rear recess 52 and a second, front recess 54. The rear recess 52 defines a path of angular motion that the arm 20 has during the backswing motion 72. The front recess 54 defines a path of angular motion that the arm 20 has during the front swing motion 76. The recesses 52, 54 are not separate recesses formed in the hinge portion 25, but rather an extension of the hinge opening 50 that is separated by the arm 20Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641into an area behind the arm 20 (the rear recess 52) and an area in front of the arm 20 (the front recess 54). Therefore, the size of the recesses 52 and 54 are dynamic as the arm 20 pivots during the ball throwing motion.

[0057] Each of the recesses 52 and 54 have a distinct wall defining the end of the recesses 52 and 54, shown as first, rear stop wall 53 (e.g., back stop wall, etc.) and a second, front stop wall 55. The rear stop wall 53 limits the angular rotation of the arm 20 during the backswing motion 72, such that the furthest angular position that the arm 20 may achieve in the backswing direction 72 is defined by the rear stop wall 53, shown as rearward position 74. Conversely, the front stop wall 55 limits the angular rotation of the arm 20 during the front swing motion 76, such that the furthest angular position that the arm 20 may achieve in the front swing direction 76 is defined by an axis extending from the front stop wall 55, shown as forward position 78. Hence, the angle formed between the rearward position 74 and the forward position 78 (or between the stop walls 53, 55), shown as angle 80, represents the range of motion or maximum angular motion that the arm 20 achieves, relative to the handle 10, during the ball-throwing motion. The angle 80 may be 120°, as one example. However, the angle 80 may vary between embodiments to be the optimal angle for improving the possible speed and trajectory of the ball. For example, the angle 80 can be greater than 120° or less than 120°. For example, the angle 80 may be between 100° and 140°.

[0058] Although the arm 20 pivots between the rearward position 74 and the forward position 78 during the throwing motion, the cup 11 may release the ball before the arm 20 reaches the forward position 78. In other words, the ball may not travel the complete angle 80 before being released or may not be released when the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 hits the front stop wall 55. Instead, flexion of the right finger 16, the left finger 17, and the thumb 18 can control the release of the ball at an optimal time or position. The control by the right finger 16, the left finger 17, and the thumb 18 is shown and described in further detail herein, with respect to at least FIGS. 25-30. The stop wall 55 may instead serve as a limiting feature. For example, the stop wall 55 may stop the arm 20 to prevent the arm 20 from rotating so far as to hit or otherwise contact the user.

[0059] Referring now to FIG. 6, a perspective view of the hinge portion 25 is illustrated, according to some embodiments. The hinge portion 25 illustrated in FIG. 6 may represent theAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641hinge portion 25 on any of the projectile throwing devices 100, 200, 300, 400, 600 described with respect to FIGS. 1-19. The proximal end 22 of the arm 20 is coupled to the hinge portion 25, such that the enclosed bottom end 24 is received within the hinge opening 50, as shown. The arm 20 is configured to rotate about the hinge axis 65 between the rear stop wall 53 and the front stop wall 55. For example, the arm 20 may move in the backswing direction 72. During this movement, the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 may rotate about the hinge axis 65 and move within the recess 52. The recess 52 defines a path for which the arm 20 may travel in the backswing direction 72. The stop wall 53 defines a fixed position at which the arm 20 cannot rotate past in the backswing direction 72. Similarly, the arm 20 may move in a forward direction 76. During this movement, the arm 20 may rotate about the hinge axis 65 and move within the recess 54. The recess 54 defines a path for which the arm 20 may travel in the forward direction 76. The front stop wall 55 defines a fixed position at which the arm 20 cannot rotate past in the forward direction 76.

[0060] As previously described, the ball can be released from the cup 11 before the arm 20 completes its angle of rotation 80. However, the rearward position 74 and forward position 78 are useful to the overall throwing motion. For example, the rearward position 74 enables the angular displacement of the arm 20 during the ball-throwing motion to increase a range of motion of the arm 20 relative to the handle 10, which promotes optimal or increased throwing speed and trajectory (e.g., relative to a thrower with no pivotal relationship between an arm and a handle). In some examples, the rearward position 74 is closer to the grip axis 70 than the forward position 78. For example, a position of the rearward position 74 (or the stop wall 53) too far from the grip axis 70 can cause a user to unnecessarily exert additional energy to complete a throw. The rear stop wall 53 is also positioned such that, when the arm 20 reaches the rearward position 74, the arm 20 does not extend so far back as to hit or otherwise contact the user.

[0061] The hinge portion 25 increases the initial velocity of the ball as the ball is released from the cup 11, relative to that of a ball thrown thrower without an arm that pivots relative to a handle. As noted above, the distance that the ball moves during the throwing motion (e.g., before the ball is released from the projectile throwing device 100) is increased by virtue of the pivotal relationship between the arm 20 and the handle 10. For example,Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641movement of the arm 20 between the rearward position 74 and the forward position 78 during the throwing motion may add around 20 inches (e.g., 10-30 inches) of ball movement (e.g., angular movement) during a throwing motion, which would not be possible with a nonrotating lever arm. The additional distance that the ball travels during the throwing motion may vary between various embodiments, for example based on the angle 80 between the arm positions 74, 78, or the length of the arm 20. Such additional distance can generate an increased speed in the ball as force is imparted on the ball for a longer duration as the ball travels within the cup 11 over a longer range of motion, for example. As a result, the ball can have an initial projectile velocity greater (e.g., 25-50% greater, more than 50% greater, less than 25% greater) than if the additional distance provided by the pivotal movement of the arm 20 relative to the hinge portion 25 were absent. This means that a ball can be launched farther or faster with substantially the same throwing effort of the user, or the effort required by the user to launch the ball with a particular velocity can be reduced.

[0062] Referring generally to FIGS. 7-19, various embodiments of projectile throwing devices 200, 300, 400, 600 each having a different locking mechanism, are shown. The projectile throwing device 100, previously described, does not include a locking mechanism. Therefore, the arm 20 of the projectile throwing device 100 is permitted to freely pivot about the hinge axis 65 relative to the handle 10. The projectile throwing devices 200, 300, 400, 600 shown in FIGS. 7-19, however, include locking mechanisms configured to selectively place the projectile throwing device 200, 300, 400 in an unlocked state or a locked state. The unlocked state of the projectile throwing device allows the arm 20 to freely rotate within its predefined bounds (e.g., the same rotation freedom as the projectile throwing device 100 as discussed above). The unlocked state may be activated at the time that the user intends to throw the ball, such that the projectile throwing device 200, 300, 400 may utilize the hinge movement and fastball control for an optimal projectile motion. The locked state of the projectile throwing device 200, 300, 400 locks the arm 20 in a fixed position, for example along the grip axis 70. It may be beneficial to activate (e.g., cause, etc.) the locked state when the projectile throwing device 200, 300, 400 is not being used to throw a ball. For example, retrieving or scooping the ball from the ground may be easier in the locked state, as the arm 20 maintains a stable position. This may be convenient for the user, as they are not required to repeatedly physically pick up the ball between throws. The locked state may also make theAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641ball throwing motion easier by allowing the user to control exactly when the arm 20 can begin to rotate about the hinge axis 65.

[0063] Referring now to FIGS. 7-10, a projectile throwing device 200 (e.g., a launcher, a ball thrower, a projectile thrower) is shown, according to one embodiment. The projectile throwing device 200 may be similar to the projectile throwing device 100 and can include various of the features herein described with reference to the projectile throwing device 100, but with at least the inclusion of a trigger locking mechanism 210. The trigger locking mechanism 210 allows the user to selectively lock or unlock the projectile throwing device 200. For example, an actuation of the trigger locking mechanism 210 can unlock the projectile throwing device 200 when the user grips the handle 10 (e.g., when the user applies some squeezing or compressive force to the handle 10), without the need for any additional actions by the user.

[0064] The trigger locking mechanism 210 includes an actuator, such as a trigger, latch, catch, or another manually actuatable element, shown as trigger 215. The trigger 215 may be coupled to the front side 2 of the handle 10. For example, the trigger 215 may be positioned on the front side 2 such that at least a portion of a user’s fingers contact the trigger 215 when the user properly grips the handle 10. As shown in FIG. 9, the trigger 215 may have a width smaller than that of the grip 30. The trigger 215 may be manually actuated (e.g., by a gripping force provided by a user) to switch the projectile throwing device 200 between locked and unlocked states. For example, FIGS. 7-10 depict the projectile throwing device 200 in a locked state (e.g., when the trigger 215 is not engaged). The trigger 215 may be movably coupled to the handle 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, a pin 235 may fix one point of the trigger 215 within the grip 30, acting as a pivot point. The pin 235 separates the trigger 215 into two ends: a first, bottom end 217 and a second, top end 219. For example, the bottom end 217 may be engaged by the user and actuated between the unlocked and locked position. The top end 219 may be responsible for controlling the rotation of the arm 20. The bottom end 217 and the top end 219 may both pivot about the pin 235.

[0065] As best illustrated in FIG. 10, the trigger locking mechanism 210 may be spring-loaded. A spring assembly, shown as spring 225, allows movement of the trigger 215 between locking states. FIG. 10 depicts the projectile throwing device 200 in a locked state.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641In the locked state, the spring 225 coupled between the trigger 215 and the rear side 4 of the handle 10 (or another nonmoving portion of the handle 10) is extended. In this position, a protrusion 240 on the trigger 215 is positioned within a recess, notch, or channel in the arm 20, shown as recess 245. The recess 245 may be positioned on the enclosed portion 24 of the arm 20, in some embodiments. The recess 245 corresponds to the protrusion 240. When the protrusion 240 engages the corresponding recess 245 as illustrated, the arm 20 is locked and restricted from rotating. In other words, the arm 20 cannot rotate about the hinge axis 65, as the enclosed portion 24 cannot move around the protrusion 240. In this locked state, the arm 20 may be positioned on the grip axis 70 or on a substantially similar axis. That is, at least the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 may extend from the hinge portion 25 along the grip axis 70. Since the arm 20 curves as it extends towards the cup 11, as shown in FIG. 8 for example, the entirety of the arm 20 is not aligned with the grip axis 70 in the locked position. The arm 20 can include one recess 245 or multiple recesses 245 such that the arm 20 can be locked in a variety of angular positions.

[0066] The trigger locking mechanism 210 may be manually actuated to place the projectile throwing device 200 in an unlocked state. In the unlocked state, the arm 20 (e.g., the enclosed bottom end 24) is free to rotate about the hinge axis 65. The bottom end 217 of the trigger 215 may be engaged by a user to unlock the projectile throwing device 200. For example, a compressive force may be applied to the bottom end 217 by the user’s fingers. In response, the bottom end 217 may be pushed in an unlock direction 220. The unlock direction 220 may be an inward direction, moving the bottom end 217 into the body of the grip 30. Additionally, the compressive force compresses the spring 225. The bottom end 217 may be pushed in the unlock direction 220 until restricted, for example by contact with a back wall 227 of the grip 30. Additionally, or alternatively, movement of the bottom end 217 in the unlock direction 220 may be restricted when the spring 225 is fully compressed. The inner body of the grip 30 includes one or more pins, bolts, or other fasteners, shown as pins 230. The pins 230 may couple the left side 6 and the right side 8 of the grip 30 together. In some embodiments, additional pins 230 may couple the front side 2 and the rear side 4 of the grip 30 together. In some embodiments, the pins 230 may restrict movement of the trigger 215. For example, one of the pins 230 may restrict the bottom end 217 from further movement in the unlock direction 220.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0067] Movement of the bottom end 217 in the unlock direction 220 may conversely cause the top end 219 to move in an unlock direction 250. In some embodiments, the unlock direction 250 moves the top end 219 outwards, or in a direction opposite the unlock direction 220 of the bottom end 217. Both ends 217, 219 pivot about the pin 235. As the top end 219 moves in the unlock direction 250, the protrusion 240 exits the corresponding recess 245. Absent the restriction from the protrusion 240, the arm 20 is free to rotate about the hinge axis 65, placing the projectile throwing device 200 in the unlocked state. Like the projectile throwing device 100 (e.g., not having a locking mechanism), the freedom of rotation of the arm 20 is defined by the recesses 52, 54. Accordingly, the backswing motion 72 of the arm 20 is stopped by the stop wall 53, and the front swing motion 76 of the arm 20 is stopped by the stop wall 55. The projectile throwing device 200 may return to the locking state in a similar manner. For example, the user may release their grip from the grip 30 or otherwise discontinue the compressive force applied to the trigger 215. In response, the spring 225 returns to its expanded state. Additionally, the bottom end 217 may move out of the inner portion of the handle 10 in a lock direction 221. The top end 219 may also move in a lock direction 251, which reinstates the engagement between the protrusion 240 and the complementary recess 245. The lock direction 251 of the top end 219 is opposite the unlock direction 250.

[0068] In some embodiments, the spring 225 is biased such that the projectile throwing device 200 is in the locked state by default (e.g., when a user is not gripping the handle 10). Therefore, the unlocked state must be activated, or caused, by the user. In some embodiments, the projectile throwing device 200 returns to the defaulted lock state when the user-provided force is terminated. Therefore, the projectile throwing device 200 does not remain unlocked when the user breaks contact with the handle 10. However, the projectile throwing device 200 may be implemented in some embodiments without a spring assembly, in which the projectile throwing device 200 does not automatically default to a locked state. Although the trigger locking mechanism 210 is shown to fix a position of the arm 8 where the arm 20 is at least partially aligned with the grip axis 70 via engagement between the protrusion 240 and the corresponding recess 245, it is understood that the trigger locking mechanism 210 can include the protrusion 240 that can apply a force to the enclosed portion 24 of the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 to fix a position of the arm 20 or restrict a motion ofAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641the arm 20. For example, the protrusion 240 can be a friction-inducing element that can restrict a motion of the enclosed portion 24 of the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 when the trigger locking mechanism 210 is in the locked state, regardless of where the arm 20 might be positioned and without the need for a corresponding recess 245. In other examples, the enclosed portion 24 of the proximal end 22 can include multiple recesses 245 that correspond to the protrusion 240 such that the position of the arm 20 can be fixed in multiple different locations.

[0069] Referring now to FIGS. 11-14, a projectile throwing device 300 (e.g., a launcher, a ball thrower, a projectile thrower) is shown, according to one embodiment. The projectile throwing device 300 may be largely similar to the projectile throwing device 100, but with at least the addition of a palm locking mechanism 310. The palm locking mechanism 310 allows the user to selectively unlock the projectile throwing device 300. For example, the palm locking mechanism 310 can unlock or unlock the projectile throwing device 300 when the user grips the handle 10, without the need for any additional actions by the user.

[0070] The palm locking mechanism 310 includes a palm actuator, such as a trigger, button, latch, or other manually actuatable element, shown as palm lock 315. The palm lock 315 is positioned on the rear side 4 of the grip 30 of the handle 10. The palm lock 315 is positioned such that a user’s palm may contact the palm lock 315 when holding the grip 30. The palm lock 315 may not be visible on the front side of the projectile throwing device 300, as shown in FIG. 13. The palm lock 315 is manually actuated (e.g., by a gripping force provided by the user) between a locked state and an unlocked state. For example, FIGS. 11-14 depict the projectile throwing device 300 in a locked state (e.g., when the palm lock 315 is coupled with the proximal end 22 of the arm 20). The palm lock 315 includes a first, bottom end 316 (e.g., a hinged portion), a central portion 317 (e.g., a palm-engaging portion), and a second, top end 318 (e.g., a hinge-engaging portion). The central portion 317 extends between the bottom end 316 and the top end 318. The top end 318 includes a protrusion 350. In the illustrated embodiment, the protrusion 350 is a tooth. The palm lock 315 is movably coupled to the handle 10. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, a pin 335 may fix the bottom end 316 of the palm lock 315 within the grip 30, acting as a pivot point. The remaining areas of the palm lock 315, such as the central portion 317 and the top end 318, are movable. The centralAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641portion 317 is configured to be engaged by the user and actuated between the unlocked and locked position. The top end 318 may be responsible for controlling the rotation of the arm 20.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 14, the palm locking mechanism 310 may be spring-loaded. For example, FIG. 14 depicts the projectile throwing device 300 in a locked state. In the locked state, a spring 325 coupled between the palm lock 315 and the front side 2 of the handle (or another nonmoving portion of the handle 10) is extended. In this position, the protrusion 350 on the palm lock 315 is positioned within a recess, notch, or channel in the arm 20, shown as recess 355. The recess 355 may be positioned on the enclosed proximal end 24 of the arm 20. The recess 355 corresponds to the protrusion 350. When the protrusion 350 engages the corresponding recess 355 as illustrated, the arm 20 is locked to rotation. That is, the arm 20 cannot pivot about the hinge axis 65, as the enclosed bottom end 24 cannot move around the protrusion 350. In this locked state, the fixed arm 20 may be positioned on the grip axis 70 or on a substantially similar axis. That is, at least the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 may extend from the hinge portion 25 along the grip axis 70. As the arm 20 curves as it extends toward the cup 11, as shown in FIG. 12 for example, the entirety of the arm 20 will not be aligned with the grip axis 70 when the projectile throwing device 300 is in the locked position.

[0072] The palm locking mechanism 310 may be manually actuated to place the projectile throwing device 300 in an unlocked state. In the unlocked state, the arm 20 (e.g., the enclosed bottom end 24) is free to rotate about the hinge axis 65. To unlock, the central portion 317 of the palm lock 315 is engaged by the user. For example, a compressive force may be applied to the central portion 317 by the user’s palm when the user holds the grip 30. Responsive to the compressive force, the central portion 317 may be pushed in an unlock direction 320. The unlock direction 320 may be an inwards direction pushing the central portion 317 into an inner portion of the handle 10. Additionally, the compressive force compresses the spring 325. The central portion 317 may be pushed in the unlock direction 320 until the spring 325 is restricted. Motion in the unlock direction 320 may be restricted by a fixed pin in the handle (e.g., pin 335), a wall within the handle (e.g., wall 330), full compression of the spring 325, or other restriction measures.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0073] The movement of the central portion 317 of the palm lock 315 in the unlock direction 320 may cause the top end 318 to move in an unlock direction 360. In some embodiments, the unlock directions 320, 360 are in the same direction. As the top end 318 moves in the unlock direction 360, the protrusion 350 exits the corresponding recess 355. Absent the rotation restriction from the protrusion 350, the arm 20 is free to rotate about the hinge axis 65, thereby placing the projectile throwing device 300 in the unlocked state. Like the projectile throwing device 100 of FIGS 1-6, the freedom of rotation seen by the arm 20 is defined by the recesses 52 and 54. As such, backward motion 72 of the arm 20 is stopped by the rear stop wall 53, and the forward motion 76 of the arm 20 is stopped by the front stop wall 55. The projectile throwing device 300 may return to the locking state in a similar manner. For example, the user may release the grip 30 or otherwise discontinue the compressive force applied to the palm lock 315. In response, the spring 325 returns to its expanded state. Additionally, the central portion 317 returns to an original, decompressed position in a lock direction 321. The top end 318 may also move in a lock direction 361, such to reinstate the engagement between the protrusion 350 and the corresponding recess 355. In other examples, movement of the central portion 317 of the palm lock 315 in the unlock direction 320 can cause the top end 318 to engage the corresponding recess 355 of the enclosed portion 24 of the arm 20. In this way, actuation of the palm lock 315 can lock the position of the arm 20 rather than unlock the arm 20 to permit rotation of the arm 20 relative to the handle 10. Accordingly, the projectile throwing device 300 can be naturally in an unlocked state, where actuation of the palm lock 315 by the user can lock the position of the arm 20, which can aid the user in retrieving the ball from the ground, for example.

[0074] One or more pins, bolts, or other fasteners are disposed within the handle, including pin 340 and 345. The pins 340, 345 among other pins, may couple the left side 6 and the right side 8 of the handle. In some embodiments, additional pins may couple the front side 2 and the rear side 4 together. In some embodiments, the pins 340, 345 are configured to restrict movement of the palm lock 315. For example, the pin 345 may contact the top end 318 as the top end 318 returns to the locked state, which may stop motion of the palm lock 315. Such motion restriction may ensure that the palm lock 315 is properly positioned for locking. The pin 345 may be fixedly coupled to a nonmoving portion of the handle 10, such as the hinge portion 25 or the grip 30.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0075] In some embodiments, the spring 325 is biased such that the projectile throwing device 300 is defaulted to the locked state. Therefore, the unlocked state must be activated, or caused, by the user. In some embodiments, the projectile throwing device 300 returns to the defaulted lock state when the user-provided force is terminated. As such, the projectile throwing device 300 does not remain unlocked when the user breaks contact with the handle 10 or otherwise discontinues the applied force to the handle 10. However, some embodiments of the projectile throwing device 300 may not implement a spring assembly, and therefore the projectile throwing device 300 is not defaulted to the locked state. Although the palm locking mechanism 310 is shown to fix a position of the arm 20 where the arm 20 is at least partially aligned with the axis 70 via engagement between the protrusion 350 and the corresponding recess 355, it is understood that the trigger locking mechanism 210 can include the protrusion 350 that can apply a force to the enclosed portion 24 of the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 to fix a position of the arm 20 or restrict a motion of the arm 20. For example, the protrusion 350 can be a friction-inducing element that can restrict a motion of the enclosed portion 24 of the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 when the palm locking mechanism 310 is in the locked state, regardless of where the arm 20 might be positioned and without the need for a corresponding recess 355. In other examples, the enclosed portion 24 of the proximal end 22 can include multiple recesses 355 that correspond to the protrusion 350 such that the position of the arm 20 can be fixed in multiple different locations.

[0076] Referring now to FIGS. 15-19, a projectile throwing device 400 (e.g., a launcher, a ball thrower, a projectile thrower) is shown, according to one embodiment. The projectile throwing device 400 may be similar to the projectile throwing device 100, but with at least the inclusion of a thumb locking mechanism 410. The thumb locking mechanism 410 allows the user to selectively unlock the projectile throwing device 400 with ease. For example, the thumb locking mechanism 410 is positioned in an easily accessible location, such that the user can easily activate the thumb locking mechanism 410 when gripping the handle 10.

[0077] The thumb locking mechanism 410 includes an actuator, such as a switch, slider, toggle, or other manually actuatable element, shown as thumb lock 415. The thumb lock 415 is positioned on the rear side 4 of the grip 30 of the handle 10. With such a position, the thumb lock 415 may not be visible on the front side 2, as shown in FIG. 17. The thumb lockAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641415 may be positioned to be readily accessible by a user’s thumb when the user is properly holding the grip 30. For example, the thumb lock 415 may be positioned above the area on the rear side 4 that contacts the user’s hand, and at a short distance above said area, such that the user’s thumb can easily reach the thumb lock 415 without the need to adjust their grip. The thumb lock 415 may be manually actuated (e.g., by an applied force provided by the user) between a locked state and an unlocked state. For example, FIGS. 15-19 depict the projectile throwing device 400 in an unlocked state.

[0078] The thumb lock 415 is movably coupled to the handle 10. For example, an external portion 417 of the thumb lock 415 may be engaged to selectively switch between the unlocked position 440 and a locked position 441. The external portion 417 may include grooves 435 that reduce slippage of the user’s thumb when operating the thumb lock 415. An internal portion 419 of the thumb lock 415 may move corresponding to the movement of the external portion 417. For example, when the user engages the external portion 417 to switch the thumb lock 415 to the locked position 441, the internal portion 419 may move in a locking direction 420 to lock rotation of the arm 20. Similarly, when the external portion 417 is engaged to switch the thumb lock 415 to the unlocked position 440, the internal portion 419 may move in an unlocking direction 421 to allow rotation of the arm 20.

[0079] The unlocked state of the projectile throwing device 400 is best illustrated in FIG. 18. The unlocked state may correspond to the unlocked position 440 of the external portion 417 of the thumb lock 415. For example, when the external portion 417 of the thumb lock 415 is in an unlocked position 440, the projectile throwing device 400 may be in an unlocked state. In the unlocked state, the arm 20 (e.g., the enclosed proximal end 24) is free to rotate about the hinge axis 65. To unlock, the thumb lock 415 is engaged. For example, the user may apply a downward force (or a force in the unlock direction 421) on the external portion 417. In response, the internal portion 419 moves in the unlock direction 421. Such movement decouples a protrusion 425 on the thumb lock 415 from a corresponding recess 430 on the arm 20, which allows the arm 20 to freely rotate about the hinge axis 65. Like the projectile throwing device 100, previously described, the freedom of rotation seen by the arm 20 is defined by the recesses 52 and 54. As such, the backswing motion 72 of the arm 20 is stoppedAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641by the stop wall 53, and the front swing motion 76 of the arm 20 is stopped by the stop wall 55.

[0080] The thumb locking mechanism 410 may be manually actuated to place the projectile throwing device 400 in a locked state. For example, the user may apply an upward force (or a force in the lock direction 420) on the external portion 417. In response, the internal portion 419 moves in the lock direction 420. In this position, the protrusion 425 engages the corresponding recess 430, which locks the arm 20 from rotation. That is, the enclosed bottom end 24 of the arm 20 cannot rotate about the hinge axis 65, as the arm 20 cannot move around the protrusion 425. In this locked state, the arm 20 may be positioned on the grip axis 70 or on a substantially similar axis. That is, at least the proximal end 22 of the arm 20 may extend from the hinge portion 25 along the grip axis 70. As the arm 20 curves outward as it extends away from the hinge portion 25, as shown in FIG. 16 for example, the entirety of the arm 20 will not be aligned with the grip axis 70 when the projectile throwing device 400 is in the locked position.

[0081] In some embodiments, the thumb lock mechanism 410 fixes the projectile throwing device 400 in the unlocked state after the thumb lock 415 is moved to the unlocked position 440. Unlike the illustrated embodiments of the projectile throwing devices 200 and 300, the thumb locking mechanism 410 keeps the projectile throwing device 400 in an unlocked state without contact from the user. For example, if the user lets go of the unlocked projectile throwing device 400, it will not automatically relock. However, in some embodiments, the thumb locking mechanism 410 may be spring-loaded. When the thumb locking mechanism 410 is spring-loaded, the projectile throwing device 400 automatically returns to a locked state when the user releases the handle 10.

[0082] Referring now to FIGS. 20-24, a projectile throwing device 600 (e.g., a launcher, a ball thrower, a projectile thrower) is shown, according to one embodiment. The projectile throwing device 600 may be similar to the projectile throwing device 300, except as described herein. The projectile throwing device 600 omits the finger grip 35. The projectile throwing device 600 includes a palm locking mechanism 610 similar to the palm locking mechanism 310, except as described herein.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0083] As shown in FIG. 23, the palm locking mechanism 610 includes an actuator, such as a switch, slider, toggle, or other manually actuatable element, shown as a palm lock 615, configured similar to the palm lock 315, except as described herein. The palm lock 615 includes a protrusion 650 similar to the protrusion 350, however the protrusion 650 is a post. For example, the protrusion 650 is cylindrical. It is understood that the protrusion 650 can have some other form factor.

[0084] As shown in FIG. 24, hinge portion 25 of the projectile throwing device 600 defines one or more aperture 654 (e.g., indent, etc.). Each aperture 654 is configured to receive at least one of the covers 26, 27. The aperture 654 includes a protrusion 658 (e.g., key, etc.). The protrusion 658 is configured to receive at least a portion of the cover 26, 27 to enable the cover 26, 27 to remain in a stationary orientation with respect to the grip 30 when the projectile throwing device 600 is actuated between the extended position and the retracted position. For example, the protrusion 658 enables graphics located on the cover 26, 27 to remain in the same orientation with respect to the grip 30 when the arm 20 is in the extended position and the retracted position.

[0085] FIGS. 25-30 provide various detailed views of the cup 11. For example, FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the cup 11, FIG. 26 is a rear view of the cup 11, FIG. 27 is a bottom view of the cup 11, FIG. 28 is a side view of the cup 11, FIG. 29 is a side view of the cup 11, and FIG. 30 is a front view of the cup 11. The cup 11, as described with respect to FIGS. 25-32, may be implemented on any of the projectile throwing devices 100, 200, 300, 400, or 600 described herein, or some other ball thrower (e.g., a ball thrower without any pivotal connection between an arm and a handle).

[0086] Referring now to FIG. 25, among others, the cup 11 defines a body area 12 (e.g., a body portion, etc.). For example, the body area 12 may refer to the area that a projectile (e.g., a ball) occupies when placed into the cup 11. A plurality of fingers, such as the right finger 16 and the left finger 17, are positioned on the top end of the cup 11. The left finger 17 and the right finger 16 each extend from an upper side of the body area 12. The fingers 16, 17 are configured to grip the top of the ball in the body area 12. In some examples, the cup 11 can include more than two fingers. An additional finger, such as thumb 18, is positioned on the bottom end of the cup 11 (e.g., a lower side of the body area 12, etc.) and opposite the fingersAtty Dkt. No. 141527-364116, 17. The thumb 18 is configured to grip the bottom of the ball in the body area 12. The position of the thumb 18 relative to the fingers 16, 17 can be seen in FIG. 27. The sides of the cup 11, such as side walls 13 and 14 are positioned between the thumb 18 and the fingers 16, 17. The side walls 13, 14 are configured to support the sides of the ball in the body area 12. A rear 15 is configured to support a rear portion of the ball positioned between the fingers 16, 17, and thumb 18. Accordingly, a ball placed in the body area 12 is supported within the cup 11 by at least the side walls 13, 14, the rear 15, the right finger 16, the left finger 17, and the thumb 18. As previously described, the ball will not fall out of the body area 12 until an optimal throwing force and acceleration is achieved.

[0087] Referring still to at least FIG. 25, the thumb 18 includes a first, inwardly curved portion 523 (e.g., an inwardly curved portion). The inwardly curved portion 523 curves inwards relative to the body area 12 and forms a concave shape relative to the body area 12. During operation of the projectile throwing device 100 (or some other ball thrower having the cup 11), a small force may be applied to push the ball past the inwardly curved portion 523 and into the body area 12 when the ball is being received in the body area 12 (e.g., in preparation to launch the ball). This force can flex the thumb 18 outward and away from the body area 12, or can cause the ball to compress slightly if the ball is elastomeric or otherwise flexible, for example. With the ball positioned within the body area 12, the thumb 18 at least partially surrounds the ball with the inwardly curved portion 523 contacting the ball to hold the ball within the body area 12. For example, the inwardly curved portion 523 of the thumb 18 can contact the ball and apply a compressive force to the ball (e.g., pinching or squeezing the ball) against the body area 12. The thumb 18 also includes a second, outwardly curved portion 524 (e.g., an outwardly curved portion, flared end, tip portion). The outwardly curved portion 524 curves outward relative to the body area 12 and forms a convex shape relative to the body area 12. In this way, the outwardly curved portion 524 flares outward to expand a distance between the thumb 18 and the fingers 16 and 17. The thumb 18 may follow the direction of the curve of the inwardly curved portion 523 during flexion. A side perspective of the inwardly curved portion 523 and the outwardly curved portion 524 is depicted in FIG.28.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0088] Referring now to at least FIG. 26, a notch, or space, is formed between the right finger 16, the left finger 17, and the rear 15, shown as the notch 19. The notch 19 enables the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 to flex independently of one another and to flex away from the body area 12 to release the ball. Separation of the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 by the notch 19 allows much greater flexion than if the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 were not separated (e.g., one large finger). For example, separation of the fingers 16, 17 decreases their resistance to flexion, compared to the resistance of one large finger. In some embodiments, the notch 19 is of a teardrop shape. The notch 19 may vary in shape in other embodiments. For example, the notch 19 may have a V-shape, a rectangular shape, or any other notch shape capable of distinctly separating the right finger 16 and the left finger 17. The right finger 16 and the left finger 17 are configured to flex away from at least one of the other plurality of fingers of the launcher, according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 can move laterally away from one another such that a space between the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 increases during a ball-throwing motion as a ball leaves the body area 12. In various examples, the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 flex relative to the cup 11 and relative to each other during a ball-throwing motion. The degree to which one of the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 flex relative to the cup 11 or relative to the other of the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 can depend on the particular ball-throwing motion. For example, a right-handed user may operate the projectile throwing device 100 with the projectile throwing device 100 in a generally vertical, upright orientation in which the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 may flex approximately (e.g., ±10%) the same amount relative to each other and the cup 11. Another user may operate the projectile throwing device 100 with the projectile throwing device 100 at some angle (e.g., 20° from vertical) such that one of the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 flexes more than the other relative to the cup 11.

[0089] Referring now to at least FIG. 28, the right finger 16 includes a first, inwardly curved portion 513 (e.g., concave portion). The inwardly curved portion 513 curves inward relative to the body area 12 and forms a concave shape relative to the body area 12. The inwardly curved portion 513 allows the right finger 16 to at least partially surround and grip the ball to support the ball within the body area 12. During operation of the projectile throwing device 100 (or some other ball thrower having the cup 11), a small force may be applied to push theAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641ball past the inwardly curved portion 513 and into the body area 12 when the ball is being received in the body area 12 (e.g., in preparation to launch the ball). This force can flex the right finger 16 outward and away from the body area 12, or can cause the ball to compress slightly if the ball is elastomeric or otherwise flexible, for example. With the ball positioned within the body area 12, the right finger 16 at least partially surrounds the ball with the inwardly curved portion 513 contacting the ball to hold the ball within the body area 12. For example, the inwardly curved portion 513 of the right finger 16 can contact the ball and apply a compressive force to the ball (e.g., pinching or squeezing the ball) against the body area 12. Further, during a ball-throwing motion, the ball overcomes the compressive force applied by the inwardly curved portion 513, the movement of the ball past the inwardly curved portion 513 and out of the cup 11 will cause the right finger 16 to flex. The finger 16 also includes a second, outwardly curved portion 514 (e.g., convex portion, flared end, tip portion). The outwardly curved portion 514 curves outward relative to the body area 12 and forms a convex shape relative to the body area 12. In this way, the outwardly curved portion 514 flares outward to expand an area between the finger 16 and the thumb 18. The convex shape of the outwardly curved portion 514 may also contribute to flexion of the finger 16, such as by encouraging a ball into the body area 12 and correspondingly encouraging the flexion of the finger 16. The finger 16 may follow the direction of the curve of a proximal end of the finger 16 during flexion. For example, the finger 16 may follow the curve of an end of the finger 16 contacting the rear 15 of the body area 12. A side perspective of the inwardly curved portion 513 and the outwardly curved portion 514 is depicted in FIG. 28. The left finger 17 also includes an inwardly curved portion 518 and an outwardly curved portion 519, shown in at least FIG. 32. The functional effect of the inwardly curved portion 518 and the outwardly curved portion 519 on the left finger 17 is analogous with that of the as the inwardly curved portion 513 and outwardly curved portion 514 on the right finger 16.

[0090] As shown in FIG. 30, the side walls 13, 14 may include inward curved or concaved sections. For example, each end of each side wall 13, 14 may curve into the body area 12, with the middle of each side wall 13, 14 following the curvature of the body area 12. The curvature of the side walls 13, 14 may help secure the ball within the body area 12 by providing a grip on the ball. A bottom view of the side walls 13, 14 is depicted in FIG. 27.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0091] Overall, the components of the cup 11 are dimensioned to enable the release at the optimal release point during the throwing motion. The optimal release point may be determined, at least in part, by the position of the arm 20 within a throwing motion that creates the best trajectory and total displacement of the ball. Additionally, or alternatively, the optimal release point may be determined, at least in part, by the velocity or acceleration of the ball during the throwing motion and while it is still in the cup 11. At the optimal release point, the right finger 16, the left finger 17, and the thumb 18 flex away from the body area 12 of the cup 11, which releases the ball. Flexion of the fingers 16, 17, and the thumb 18 releases the ball without the need for the user to forcefully flick or snap the ball from the cup 11. Therefore, the effort required by the user to optimally release the ball is significantly reduced.

[0092] In some embodiments, during a throwing operation (e.g., as a user swings the projectile throwing device 100 to launch a ball), the thumb 18 is the first to flex away from the body area 12, meaning the thumb 18 is the first to release its grip from the ball. The right finger 16 and the left finger 17 subsequently flex and release their grip on the ball. In this way, the right finger 16 and the left finger 17, specifically the outwardly curved portion 514 if the right finger 16 and the outwardly curved portion 519 of the left finger 17 are the last portions of the cup 11 to contact the ball as it departs the cup 11. Such contact imparts a backspin force on the ball to cause the ball to backspin. Accordingly, the ball is released from the cup 11 with a backspin, similar to a fastball baseball pitch. The backspin on the ball increases the speed of the ball, improves control of the ball’s aimed trajectory, and improves the trajectory of the ball, among other throwing benefits.

[0093] The cup 11 enables the user to achieve non-traditional throwing motions with the ball thrower, such as side arm throws or underarm throws. Traditional ball throwers are typically not enabled to support these throws, as the trajectory and release point of the ball are not controlled. The cup 11 of the projectile launchers disclosed herein, however, are configured to control the ball to properly perform these throws. For example, the controlled ball release provided by the thumb 18, as well as the fingers 16, 17, allows the ball to be released at the optimal release point. The ball release is controlled as such regardless the type of throwing motion. Additionally, the rotation of the arm 20 about the hinge axis 65 helps generate theAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641speed required to successfully perform the throws and prevents the arm 20 from over rotation (e.g., which controls the direction of the ball trajectory).

[0094] Referring now to FIGS. 31 and 32, dimensions of various components of the cup 11 are shown, according to some embodiments. The cup 11, as described with respect to FIGS.31 and 32, may be implemented on any of the projectile throwing devices 100, 200, 300, 400, or 600 described herein. One example embodiment of the dimensions is provided, of which may correspond to a medium-sized pet toy ball (e.g., around 60-65 mm diameter). However, it should be understood that the values of any of the dimensions described herein may vary to accommodate various pet toy shapes and sizes.

[0095] FIG. 31 depicts a rear view of the cup 11. According to some embodiments, the right finger 16 and the left finger 17 each have an equal width U . As shown in FIG. 31, the width of the right finger 16 may be smaller near a first, proximal end 511 relative to a second, distal end 512. The proximal end 511 is located closer to the side walls 13 than the distal end 512. Similarly, the width of the left finger 17 may be smaller near a first, proximal end 516 relative to a second, distal end 517. The proximal end 516 is located closer to the side walls 13, 14 than the distal end 517. The distal ends 512, 517 of the fingers 16, 17, respectively, are separated by a distance D . According to one embodiment (e.g., the medium-sized ball example), the widthis 20 ± 5 mm and the distance D is 3 ± 2 mm. However,and D may further vary to accommodate various pet toys of various sizes.

[0096] As previously described, the notch 19 separating the fingers 16, 17 is of a teardrop shape, according to some embodiments. The shape of the notch 19 may be defined by a round bottom portion 530, having a radius Rltand sides 532, 534, each with a curvature having a radius R2. The sides 532, 534 are also the inner sides of the fingers 16, 17. These features collectively form the teardrop shape of the notch 19. The radius R2may be significantly large relative to the radius R . According to one embodiment (e.g., the medium-sized ball example), the radius R is 6 ± 2 mm and the radius R2is 90 ± 10 mm. However, R and R2may further vary to accommodate various pet toys.

[0097] Referring still to FIG. 31, a center point X of the body area 12 is illustrated. The center point X represents a center point of a ball being held in the cup 11. The fingers 16, 17Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641may both be positioned at an equal distance from the center point X. For example, the proximal ends 511, 516 may be positioned at a distance D2from the center point X.Additionally, center point Y represents a center point of the round bottom portion 530 of the notch 19. The center point Y is positioned at a distance D3from the center point X.According to one embodiment (e.g., the medium-sized ball example), the distance D2is 7 ± 2 mm and the distance D3is 5 ± 2 mm. However, D2and D3may further vary to accommodate various pet toys.

[0098] FIG. 32 depicts a side view of the cup 11. The body area 12 of the cup 11 corresponds to a circle that is formed by the inner surface of the cup 11 (e.g., the surface that contacts a ball). The body area 12 has a diameter d1. The diameteris also shown in FIG. 31. At least part of the cup 11, such as the rear 15, has a thickness t4. In some embodiments, the entirety of the cup 11 is of the thickness t4. According to one embodiment (e.g., the medium-sized ball example), the diameteris 65 ± 5 mm and the thickness G is 3 ± 2 mm. However,and t4may further vary to accommodate various pet toys.

[0099] The length L4of the left finger 17 (and similarly, the right finger 16) is defined as the distance between the center point X and the distal end 517 of the left finger 17. Similarly, the length L2of the thumb 18 is defined as the distance between the center point X and a second, distal end 522 of the thumb 18. In some embodiments, the length L4is greater than the length L2(e.g., the fingers are longer than the thumb). For example, the length L4may be between 30% and 5% greater than the length L2. Additionally, the distal end 517 of the left finger 17 (and similarly for the right finger 16) has a distance D4from the center of the ball. Similarly, the distal end 522 of the thumb 18 is a distance D5from the center of the ball. In some embodiments, the distance D4is greater than the distance D4(e.g., the thumb 18 is positioned closer, relative to the fingers 16, 17, to the center). In one embodiment (e.g., the mediumsized ball example), the lengths L4and L2are 40 ± 5 mm and 35 ± 5 mm, respectively, and the distances D4and D5are 20 ± 5 mm and 15 ± 5 mm, respectively. However, the dimensions L4, L2, D4, and D5may further vary to accommodate various pet toys.

[0100] The angle A4is defined as the angular displacement of the left finger 17 (and similarly, the right finger 16) relative to the center point of the body area 12. Similarly, theAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641angle J42is defined as the angular displacement of the thumb 18 relative to the center point of the body area 12. In some embodiments, the thumb 18 has a greater angular displacement, relative to the left finger 17, from the center (e.g., A2is greater than .d- . In one embodiment (e.g., the medium-sized ball example), the angles A4and / 12are 25 ± 5°and 35 ± 5°, respectively. However, the angles A4and / 12may further vary to accommodate various pet toys.

[0101] The inwardly curved portion 523 of the thumb 18 may be of a circular shape. For example, the inwardly curved portion 523 may have a radius / ?3. The inwardly curved portion 523 may form only at least a part of circular shape, which can be determined by the angle i43. The outwardly curved portion 524 may have a radius R4. In some embodiments, the inwardly curved portion 518 has a larger radius / ?3than that of the convex portion R4. In one embodiment (e.g., the medium-sized ball example), the radii / ?3and R4are 10 ± 5 mm and 5 ± 2 mm, respectively. Additionally, the angle / 13is 100 ± 20°, meaning that the inwardly curved portion 523 forms about 1 / 3 of a full circle. However, the dimensions / ?3, R4, and / 13may further vary to accommodate various pet toys.

[0102] The cup 11 is inclined with respect to the distal end 21 of the arm 20. For example, the distal end 21 of the arm 20 extends along an axis 540 and an angle A4is defined as the angular displacement of the distal end 21 of the arm 20 relative to the center point X of the body area 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the angle A4is 90 ± 5°.

[0103] The cup 11 may be made of or include a variety of materials. The materials are selected to enable the flexion of the fingers 16, 17 and the thumb 18, which is essential for control and speed of the ball. For example, the material of the cup 11 may be chosen based on the flexural modulus of the material. Many polymers (e.g., polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyether ether ketone, among other polymers or copolymers, or a blend of various polymers or copolymers) have an adequate flexural modulus that allow flexion. However, other materials may be used, including various composites, elastomers, or ceramics, among others. In some embodiments, a specific material may be used on the handle 10 (e.g., on at least the grip 30) to allow for a soft and comfortable grip. The material of the handle 10 may be or include materials including thermoplastic rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, silicone rubber,Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641gel materials, or leather, among other materials. However, the handle 10 need not be of a specific material in all embodiments. For example, the handle 10 may be made from the same material as that of the hinge portion 25.

[0104] As noted above, the function of cup 11 as described herein is not dictated by the aesthetic design of the cup 11. Put another way, the cup 11 can differ from the cup 11 depicted in the figures herein with regard to aesthetic or ornamentality without departing from the function of the cup 11 and associated benefits described herein.

[0105] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations. Certain features described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable sub combination. Moreover, although features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub combination or variation of a sub combination.

[0106] As utilized herein with respect to numerical ranges, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially,” and similar terms generally mean + / - 10% of the disclosed values. When the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially,” and similar terms are applied to a structural feature (e.g., to describe its shape, size, orientation, direction, etc.), these terms are meant to cover minor variations in structure that may result from, for example, the manufacturing or assembly process and are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure as recited in the appended claims.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641

[0107] It should be noted that the term “exemplary” and variations thereof, as used herein to describe various embodiments, are intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such terms are not intended to connote that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or superlative examples).

[0108] The term “coupled” and variations thereof, as used herein, means the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent or fixed) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two members coupled directly to each other, with the two members coupled to each other using a separate intervening member and any additional intermediate members coupled with one another, or with the two members coupled to each other using an intervening member that is integrally formed as a single unitary body with one of the two members. If “coupled” or variations thereof are modified by an additional term (e.g., directly coupled), the generic definition of “coupled” provided above is modified by the plain language meaning of the additional term (e.g., “directly coupled” means the joining of two members without any separate intervening member), resulting in a narrower definition than the generic definition of “coupled” provided above. Such coupling may be mechanical, electrical, or fluidic.

[0109] References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below”) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the FIGURES. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.

[0110] Although the figures and description may illustrate a specific order of method steps, the order of such steps may differ from what is depicted and described, unless specified differently above. Also, two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence, unless specified differently above. Such variation may depend, for example, on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations of the described methods could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule-based logicAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps, and decision steps.[OHl] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the systems as shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only and not restrictive in character. Additionally, any element disclosed in one embodiment may be incorporated or utilized with any other embodiment disclosed herein. Although only one example of an element from one embodiment that can be incorporated or utilized in another embodiment has been described above, it should be appreciated that other elements of the various embodiments may be incorporated or utilized with any of the other embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A projectile throwing device, comprising:a cup configured to receive a projectile;an arm having a distal end and a proximal end opposite the distal end, the distal end being coupled to the cup ; anda handle pivotally coupled with the proximal end of the arm, the handle including: a grip portion defining a grip axis, anda hinge portion defining:a hinge axis, the arm configured to rotate about the hinge axis from a rearward position to a forward position, andan opening defined at least partially by one or more stop walls, the proximal end of the arm positioned at least partially within the opening of the hinge portion, the rearward position and the forward position limited by engagement between the proximal end of the arm and the stop walls.

2. The projectile throwing device of claim 1, comprising a locking mechanism, wherein an unlocked state the locking mechanism enables the arm to move between the rearward position and the forward position, and in a locked state the locking mechanism restricts rotation of the arm.

3. The projectile throwing device of claim 2, wherein the locking mechanism includes a trigger, wherein a gripping force applied to the trigger by a user activates the unlocked state of the locking mechanism.

4. The projectile throwing device of claim 3, wherein the locking mechanism further includes a spring coupled to the trigger, the spring configured to bias the locking mechanism to the locked state.

5. The projectile throwing device of claim 2, wherein the locking mechanism includes a palm actuator, the palm actuator is structured to engage a palm of a user, and a gripping force provided by a user activates one of the unlocked state or the locked state of the locking mechanism.Atty Dkt. No. 141527-36416. The projectile throwing device of claim 5, wherein the locking mechanism includes a spring coupled to the palm actuator, the spring configured to bias the palm actuator in one of the locked state or the unlocked state.

7. The projectile throwing device of claim 2, wherein the locking mechanism further includes a protrusion and an actuator, the protrusion coupled to the actuator and configured to selectively engage with a corresponding recess in the arm to prevent rotation of the arm about the hinge axis based on a position of the actuator.

8. The projectile throwing device of claim 7, wherein actuation of the actuator of the locking mechanism causes the protrusion to disengage from the corresponding recess of the arm to permit the arm to rotate about the hinge axis.

9. The projectile throwing device of claim 1, wherein:the one or more stop walls includes a front stop wall and a rear stop wall substantially opposed to the front stop wall;the opening defines:a front recess including the front stop wall, anda rear recess including the rear stop wall; andthe arm is configured to rotate about the hinge axis within the front recess and the rear recess and between the front stop wall and the rear stop wall, in the rearward position the arm contacts the rear stop wall, and in the forward position the arm contacts the front stop wall.

10. The projectile throwing device of claim 1, wherein the cup includes:a body portion configured to receive the projectile, anda plurality of fingers extending from the body portion and configured to grip the projectile to secure the projectile within the body portion, the plurality of fingers including:a left finger extending from an upper side of the body portion;a right finger extending from the upper side of the body portion; and a thumb extending from a lower side of the body portion, the lower side opposite the upper side;Atty Dkt. No. 141527-3641wherein, during operation of the projectile throwing device, the thumb disengages the projectile before the left finger and the right finger disengage the projectile such that the left finger and the right finger impart a backspin force on the projectile.

11. A projectile throwing device, comprising:a cup including:a body portion configured to receive a projectile, anda plurality of fingers extending from the body portion and configured to grip the projectile to secure the projectile within the body portion, wherein the fingers include:a left finger;a right finger; anda thumb located between the left finger and the right finger;an arm having a distal end and a proximal end opposite the distal end, the proximal end being coupled to the cup; anda handle coupled to the proximal end of the cup;wherein at least one of the plurality of fingers are configured to flex away from at least one of the other plurality of fingers to release the projectile during a throwing motion and the projectile is released by the thumb during the throwing motion and subsequently released by the left finger and the right finger to impart a backspin on motion of the projectile.

12. The projectile throwing device of claim 11, wherein:at least one of the plurality of fingers includes an inwardly curved portion curved towards the body portion;the inwardly curved portion supports the projectile in the body portion of the cup; and at least one of the plurality of fingers include an outwardly curved portion curving away from the body portion of the cup.

13. The projectile throwing device of claim 11, wherein a teardrop shaped space is formed between two of the plurality of fingers.

14. The projectile throwing device of claim 11, wherein:the right finger is substantially equal in length to the left finger; andAtty Dkt. No. 141527-3641the thumb extends from a side of the body portion opposite the left finger and the right finger and the length of the right finger is between 30% and 5% greater than the length of the thumb.

15. A projectile throwing device, comprising:a cup including:a body portion configured to receive a projectile, anda plurality of fingers extending from the body portion and configured to grip the projectile to secure the projectile within the body portion of the cup, at least one of the fingers configured to flex away from at least one of the other of the plurality of fingers to release the projectile during a throwing motion;an arm having a distal end coupled to the cup and a proximal end, the proximal end opposite the distal end; anda handle pivotally coupled to the proximal end of the arm, the handle including: a grip portion defining a grip axis; anda hinge portion defining:a hinge axis, the arm configured to rotate about the hinge axis from a rearward position to a forward position, andan opening defined at least partially by one or more stop walls, the proximal end of the arm positioned at least partially within the opening of the hinge portion, the rearward position and the forward position limited by engagement between the proximal end of the arm and the stop walls.

Images