Animal transfer devices and associated methods and systems

Abstract

Various devices and methods for transferring and / or storing organisms therein. The various device embodiments can include a first vial rack having a plurality of receptacles therein, and a second vial rack having a plurality of receptacles therein. Each of the first vial rack and the second vial rack can include a plurality of slidable covers configured to slidably cover each of the plurality of receptacles, a first locking mechanism and a second locking mechanism. The first vial rack and the second vial rack configured to be coupled together where a top end of each of the plurality of receptacles is aligned with a top end of each of the second plurality of receptacles and the first vial rack is secured to the second vial rack.

Description

Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1ANIMAL TRANSFER DEVICES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS AND SYSTEMSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

[0001] This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application 63 / 776,805, filed March 24, 2025, and entitled “Improved Animal Transfer Devices and Associated Methods and Systems’; which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to devices, systems and methods for the transfer of lab animals between culturing vials.BACKGROUND

[0003] The transfer of Drosophila melanogaster D. melanogaster), better known as fruit flies, among culturing vials is an essential process in Drosophila research laboratories. This transfer provides fruit flies with a new food source, allowing for the survival and maintenance of different transgenic flies, which are crucial for research. This task is commonly performed in Drosophila labs, where flies are transferred individually from a single culturing vial to another, hundreds of times a day.

[0004] In one example, FIGS. 1A and IB illustrate such a prior art method 100 of transferring D. melanogaster 50, generally referred to herein as fruit flies 50, from a first vial 10 to a second vial 110. The first vial 10 may house the fruit flies 50 within the first vial 10. where the fruit flies 50 are secured therein with a plug 15 positioned within a first end 11 of the first vial 10. Further, the first vial 10 may include an expired food source 20 within a second end 13 of the first vial 10. The prior art method 100 typically employs a simple tapping method (in which the user taps the vial on a nearby surface multiple times) or a small shot of CO2 to render the fruit flies 50 temporarily unconscious, facilitating their transfer. A user may then take the first vial 10, remove the plug 15, and transfer (e.g., “pour”) the unconscious fruit flies 50 into the second vial 110, as shown. As also shown, the second vial 110 may include a new, unexpired food source 120 at a second end 113 of the second vial 110. A plug (e.g., plug 15, or another plug) may then be placed onto a first end 111 of the second vial 110 to secure the fruit flies 50 therein. This process may need toDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1be repeated until all vials have been transferred, which, depending on the number of vials, can be extremely time consuming.

[0005] This separate transfer process for each vial can take a significant amount of time and increase costs associated with research. Further, this method of transfer may prove disadvantageous due to the repeated mechanical actions performed by an operator, which may lead to operator fatigue and repetitive strain injuries. Thus, there is a need in the art for improved methods and systems for animal transfer.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0006] Disclosed herein are various systems and methods designed for streamlining the transfer of Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster between culturing vials within research laboratories by allowing for the batch treatment of the vials.

[0007] In Example 1, a device for storing and / or transferring flies comprises a first vial rack comprising: a first rack body, a plurality of receptacles configured to receive a first plurality of vials, a first plurality of slidable covers configured to slidably cover each of the plurality of receptacles, a first locking mechanism positioned at one end of the first rack body, and a second locking mechanism positioned at another, opposite end of the first rack body. The transfer device further comprises a second vial rack comprising: a second rack body, a second plurality of receptacles configured to receive a second plurality of vials, a second plurality of slidable covers configured to slidably cover each of the second plurality of receptacles, a first locking mechanism positioned at one end of the second rack body, and a second locking mechanism positioned at another, opposite end of the second rack body. The first vial rack and the second vial rack are configured to be coupled together where a top end of each of the plurality of receptacles is aligned with a top end of each of the second plurality of receptacles and the first vial rack is secured to the second vial rack.

[0008] Example 2 relates to the device according to Example 1 , wherein a first connector bar is coupled to a second end of each of the plurality of slidable covers of the first vial rack, the first connector bar configured to simultaneously move the first plurality of slidable covers in a slidable fashion.

[0009] Example 3 relates to the device according to Example 2, wherein a second connector bar is coupled to a second end of each of the second plurality' of slidable covers of the second vial rack, the connector bar configured to simultaneously move the second plurality of slidable covers in a slidable fashion.Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1

[0010] Example 4 relates to the device according to Example 2, wherein the first connector bar includes a plurality of tension tabs, the plurality of tension tabs configured to engage with respective slots positioned at a second end of the first plurality of slidable covers to secure the connector bar to the first plurality7of slidable covers.

[0011] Example 5 relates to the device according to Example 1, wherein each of the first plurality of slidable covers of the first vial rack and each of the second plurality of slidable covers of the second vial rack are configured to move from a first, closed position to a second, open position.

[0012] Example 6 relates to the device according to Example 1, wherein the first plurality7of receptacles includes ten receptacles.

[0013] Example 7 relates to the device according to Example 1, wherein the second plurality of receptacles includes ten receptacles.

[0014] Example 8 relates to the device according to Example 1, w herein each of the first plurality7of slidable covers comprises a disc having a mesh screen and a silicone disc therein configured to align with one of the openings of one of the first plurality of receptacles to close the one of the first plurality7of receptacles.

[0015] Example 9 relates to the device according to Example 8, wherein each of the first plurality7of slidable covers further includes an opening configured to align with the top end of each of the first plurality7of receptacles to open each of the first plurality of receptacles.

[0016] In Example 10. a method of transferring flies from a plurality of vials to a second plurality of vials comprises coupling a first vial rack to a second vial rack, the first vial rack housing a plurality of vials containing flies, and the second vial rack housing a plurality7of vials containing no flies, such that the plurality of vials of the first vial rack are aligned with the plurality of vials of the second vial rack, actuating a first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism on each of the first vial rack and the second vial rack from a locked position to an unlocked position, sliding, simultaneously, a first plurality7of slidable covers and a second plurality7of slidable covers from a first, closed position to a second, open position, temporarily incapacitating the flies, causing the flies to move from the plurality of vials of the first vial rack to the plurality of vials of the second vial rack, sliding, simultaneously, the first plurality of slidable covers and the second plurality7of slidable covers from the second, open position to the first, closed position, and uncoupling the first vial rack from the second vial rack.

[0017] Example 11 relates to the method according to Example 10, further comprising actuating the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism of each of theDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1first vial rack and the second vial rack from the unlocked position to the locked position after sliding the first plurality of slidable covers and the second plurality of slidable covers from the second, open position to the first, closed position.

[0018] Example 12 relates to the method according to Example 10, wherein the second vial rack is positioned over and aligned with the first vial rack prior to coupling the first vial rack and the second vial rack.

[0019] Example 13 relates to the method according to Example 10, wherein inverting the first and second vial racks causes the flies to move from the plurality of vials of the first vial rack to the plurality of vials of the second vial rack.

[0020] Example 14 relates to the method according to Example 10, wherein tapping the first and second vial racks helps the flies to move from the first vial rack to the second vial rack.

[0021] Example 15 relates to the method according to Example 10, wherein temporarily incapacitating the flies comprises using a CO2 injector to inject CO2 into each of the plurality of vials containing the flies prior to moving the flies from the plurality of vials of the first vial rack to the plurality of vials of the second vial rack.

[0022] In Example 16, a method of transferring flies from a plurality of vials to a second plurality of vials comprises coupling a first vial rack including a first plurality7of vials housing flies to a second vial rack including a second plurality of vials including a new food source, where the second vial rack is positioned over and aligned with the first vial rack such that a top end of the plurality’ of vials is aligned with a top end of the second plurality of vials, sliding, simultaneously, a first plurality of slidable covers of the first vial rack and a second plurality of slidable covers of the second vial rack from a first, closed position to a second, open position, inverting the first and second vial racks such that the first vial rack is above the second vial rack and the flies move from the first vial rack to the second vial rack, and sliding, simultaneously, the first plurality of slidable covers and the second plurality of slidable covers from the second, open position to the first, closed position.

[0023] Example 17 relates to the method according to Example 16, wherein the first plurality of vials includes ten vials, and the second plurality of vials includes ten vials.

[0024] Example 18 relates to the method according to Example 16, wherein actuating a first locking mechanism of the first vial rack and the second vial rack, and a second locking mechanism from the first vial rack and the second vial rack, thereby moving the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism from a locked position to anDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1unlocked position prior to sliding the first plurality of slidable covers of the first vial rack and the second plurality of slidable covers of the second vial rack from the first, closed position to the second, open position.

[0025] Example 19 relates to the method according to Example 16, wherein disposing of the plurality7of vials after the flies have moved from the first vial rack to the second vial rack.

[0026] Example 20 relates to the method according to Example 19. wherein an alignment bar including fiber plugs may be positioned over and coupled to the first vial rack, and a plug pusher may be used to push the fiber plugs into each of the plurality' of vials thereby sealing the plurality of vials.

[0027] While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments. As will be realized, the various implementations are capable of modifications in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The following drawings are illustrative of particular examples of the present disclosure and therefore do not limit the scope of the invention. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, though examples can include the scale illustrated, and are intended for use in conjunction with the explanations in the following detailed description wherein like reference characters denote like elements. Examples of the present disclosure will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings.

[0029] FIGS. 1A and IB illustrate a well-known, prior art, method of transferring D. melanogaster from a first vial to a second vial;

[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates a transfer device for transferring D. melanogaster according to an embodiment of the disclosure, the transfer device including a first vial rack including a plurality of vials and a second vial rack including a second plurality of vials according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 3 illustrates the first vial rack and the second vial rack secured to one another according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 4A illustrates a vial rack in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1

[0033] FIG. 4B illustrates a slidable cover in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 4C illustrates a locking mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG. 4D illustrates a connector bar in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] FIG. 4E illustrates an enlarged portion of the first vial rack, as in FIG. 4A, highlighting a top opening of a receptacle and ribs of the first vial rack;

[0037] FIG. 4F illustrates an enlarged portion of the first vial rack, as in FIG. 4A, highlighting a c-shaped structure of each receptacle of the first vial rack;

[0038] FIG. 5A is a top-down view of the first vial rack, as in FIG. 2, showing a locking mechanism in a first, locked position, and a plurality of slidable covers in a first, closed position;

[0039] FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of the locking mechanism as in Box 5B of FIG. 5A;

[0040] FIG. 6A is a top-down view of the first vial rack, as in FIG. 5 A. showing the locking mechanism in a second, unlocked position, and the plurality of slidable covers in the first, closed position;

[0041] FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of the locking mechanism as in Box 6B of FIG. 6A;

[0042] FIG. 7A is a top-down view of the first vial rack, as in FIG. 6A, showing the locking mechanism in the second, unlocked position, and the plurality of slidable covers in a second, open position;

[0043] FIG. 7B is an enlarged view of the locking mechanism as in Box 7B of FIG. 7A;

[0044] FIGS. 8A to 8H illustrate a method of use for the transfer device, as in FIG. 3, where FIG. 8A shows the transfer device, where the locking mechanism is moved to the second, unlocked position; FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of the locking mechanism, as in Box 8B of FIG. 8A; FIG. 8C illustrates moving a connector bar coupled to a first plurality of slidable covers to a second, open position; FIG. 8D shows the system, where the locking mechanism is moved to the first, locked position; 8E is an enlarged view7of the locking mechanism, as in Box 8E of FIG. 8D; 8F shows the system after a successful transfer of D. melanogaster, FIG. 8G shows the transfer device, where the locking mechanism is moved to the first, locked position; and FIG. 8H illustrates the separation of a the first vial rack and the second vial rack after the transfer of D. melanogaster.'

[0045] FIG. 9A illustrates a CO2 injector device that can be coupled with a vial rack, prior to being coupled to the vial rack, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1

[0046] FIG. 9B illustrates an end view of the CO2 injector device that can be coupled with a vial, as in FIG. 9A;

[0047] FIG. 9C illustrates the CO2 injector device, as in FIG. 9A;

[0048] FIG. 10A illustrates a top-down perspective view of the injector device that can be coupled with the vial rack, as in FIG. 9 A;

[0049] FIG. 10B illustrates a bottom-up perspective view of the injector device that can be coupled with the vial rack, as in FIG. 9A;

[0050] FIG. 10C illustrates the injector device coupled with the vial rack, as in FIG. 9A;

[0051] FIG. 10D illustrates an end view of the injector device coupled with the vial rack, as in FIG. 9A;

[0052] FIG. 10E illustrates an enlarged view of the injector device coupled with the vial rack, as in FIG. 9 A;

[0053] FIGS. 11 A to 1 IF illustrate various view s of a vial rack platform for storing one or more vial racks according to an embodiment of the present disclosure where, FIG. 11 A is a perspective view of the vial rack platform including one or more vial racks; FIG. 11B illustrates a front-side view of the vial rack platform including one or more vial racks; FIG.11C illustrates a back-side view of the vial rack platform including one or more vial racks; FIG. 1 ID is an end view of the vial rack platform including one or more vial racks; FIG.1 IE illustrates the vial rack platform including one or more vial racks placed on a storage shelf; and FIG. 1 IF illustrates a perspective view of the vial rack platform;

[0054] FIG. 12A illustrates a vial rack including a plurality of used vials;

[0055] FIG. 12B illustrates a top-dow n perspective view of an alignment bar according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG. 12C illustrates a bottom-up perspective view of the alignment bar, as in FIG.12B

[0057] FIG. 12D illustrates a top-down perspective view of a plug pusher according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG. 12E illustrates a bottom-up perspective view of the plug pusher, as in FIG.12D;

[0059] FIG. 13 A shows example vials including varying genotypes of D. melanogaster for experimental use;

[0060] FIG. 13B shows a graph illustrating results found in using the transfer device versus traditional methods of transfer; andDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1

[0061] FIG. 13C shows a graph illustrating a percentage of time saved in using the transfer device versus traditional methods of transfer.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following detailed description is exemplary7in nature and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure in any way. Rather, the following description provides some practical illustrations for implementing examples of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many of the noted examples have a variety of suitable alternatives.

[0063] Disclosed herein are various systems and methods designed for streamlining the transfer of Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) between culturing vials within research laboratories by allowing for the batch treatment of the vials. Unlike traditional methods that require individual or small group transfers, the transfer device described herein is designed to transfer multiple flies across different vials at once, significantly reducing the time and labor involved in the process. The transfer device described herein may improve usability and reduce the physical strain on researchers, potentially lowering the risk of repetitive strain injuries that can be commonly associated with manually repetitive tasks.

[0064] For example, traditional culture vial transfers are typically a repetitive, manual transfer process which includes transferring flies to new culturing vials hundreds of times daily in Drosophila research laboratories. As manually repetitive tasks are known to lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) or repetitive strain injuries (RSTs) over time, the transfer device embodiments described herein further aim to significantly reduce the time spent on the laborious task of individually transferring fly stocks by introducing a device capable of transferring multiple fly-culturing vials simultaneously. A substantial time savings is anticipated by using this transfer device. This saved time could be better spent on meaningful research activities and potentially prevent the development of MSDs / RSls.

[0065] Individually transferring flies from a stock box containing 100 culturing vials typically takes about 40 minutes. Given that fly stock transfers are recommended to be performed monthly and assuming a Drosophila research lab maintaining 100 stock boxes: 66.78 hours per month are spent on this process. Considering a workday of 8 - 10 hours, nearly an entire week each month is dedicated to transferring fly stocks, which can be up to 2-3 months annually that are devoted solely to maintaining live fly stocks.Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1

[0066] Further, the transfer device implementations herein can also reduce waste and environmental impact by being durable, reusable, and possibly incorporating recyclable materials. Further, the transfer device may be developed using 3D printing, injection molding, or other technologies, which offer cost-effective solutions that can be easily produced. Additionally, the transfer device described herein is configured to minimize the risk of fruit flies escaping during the transfer process, addressing biosecurity and contamination concerns.

[0067] FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate one embodiment of a transfer device 275 for transferring fruit flies 250 from a first plurality of vials 210 to a second plurality of vials 310. FIG. 2 illustrates a first vial rack 200 holding the first plurality of vials 210, and a second vial rack 300 holding the second plurality of vials 310, and FIG. 3 illustrates the first vial rack 200 and the second vial rack 300 secured to one another. As shown, the first vial rack 200 may include a first rack body 215 having a plurality of receptacles 217 (as shown in FIG. 4A and discussed in detail below) configured to hold the first plurality of vials 210. The receptacles 217 can be sized to receive vials 210 having a volume ranging from about 15 mL to about 40 mL. In some embodiments, the body 215 has enough receptacles 217 to receive a first vial 210a, a second vial 210b, a third vial 210c, a fourth vial 21 Od, a fifth vial 210e, a sixth vial 210f, a seventh vial 210g, an eighth vial 210h, a ninth vial 21 Oi, and a tenth vial 21 Oj . The first plurality of receptacles 217 may include any number of receptacles 217 as so desired. For example, in some embodiments, the rack body 215 can have enough receptacles 217 to receive more than ten vials, and in other embodiments, the body 215 can have enough receptacles 217 to receive less than ten vials. As shown, the first plurality of vials 210 may be configured to house or contain a lab animal, such as, for example, Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), as discussed herein. In other embodiments, the organism may be: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae (mosquitos), Nasonia vitripennis (parasitoid wasps), (white flies), aphids, thrips, Musca domestica (house flies), beetles, or any other organism that is retained in vials or other similar containers for lab-based experiments. The lab organism contained within the first plurality of vials 210 may be contained for laboratory research processes, teaching labs, agricultural labs, and / or pharmaceutical labs. The first plurality of vials 210 may further include a food source 205 for the fruit flies 250. In this example, the food source 205 may be an expired food source 205, thereby necessitating the transfer of the fruit flies 250 to new vials (e.g., the second plurality of vials 310).Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1

[0068] Each of the first plurality of vials 210 may be housed within the first rack body 215 such that the food source 205 may be positioned at a bottom end 213 (shown in FIG. 2) of each of the first plurality of vials 210. Further, the first vial rack 200 may include a first plurality of slidable covers 220, with each cover 220 positioned adjacent a top opening (214 in FIGS. 4A, 4E) of each of the first plurality' of receptacles 217, such that each of .the first plurality of slidable covers 220 thereby includes a slidable cover for each of the first plurality of vials 210 held within the first plurality of receptacles 217. For example, the first plurality of slidable covers 220 may include a first slidable cover 220a configured to slidably cover the first vial 210a, a second slidable cover 220b configured to slidably cover the second vial 210b, a third slidable cover 220c configured to slidably cover the third vial 210c. a fourth slidable cover 220d configured to slidably cover the fourth vial 210d, a fifth slidable cover 220e configured to slidably cover the fifth vial 210e... a tenth slidable cover 220j configured to slidably cover the tenth vial 21 Oj. The first plurality7of slidable covers 220 may each include an opening in one portion of the respective slidable cover 220 and a mesh screen at another, opposite portion of the respective slidable cover 220. as will be discussed in further detail with reference to FIG. 4B.

[0069] Each of the first plurality7of slidable covers 220 may be assembled together with a first connector bar 230. The first connector bar 230, which will be discussed further with reference to FIG. 4D, may be configured to include a plurality of tensionable tabs (231 FIG.4D) configured to engage with respective slots (221 FIG. 4B) at a second end (229b FIG.4B) of the first plurality of slidable covers 220. The connection of the plurality of tensionable tabs with the openings secures each of the first plurality7of slidable covers 220 to the first connector bar 230 such that actuation of the first connector bar 230 subsequently moves each of the first plurality of slidable covers 220 simultaneously in a sliding fashion. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to move or slide only one of the first plurality of slidable covers 220. In such examples, a user may actuate or overcome a bias of the one of the plurality7of tensionable tabs positioned within the respective opening of the one of the first plurality of slidable covers 220 such that the one of the plurality of tensionable tabs is displaced from the respective opening and the one of the first plurality of slidable covers 220 is free to move or slide independent of the remaining first plurality7of slidable covers 220.

[0070] The first vial rack 200 may further include a first locking mechanism (“sliding tab"’) 240a positioned at one end (216a shown in FIG. 4A) of the first rack body 215 and a second locking mechanism (“sliding tab”) 240b positioned at another, opposite end (216b shownDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1in FIG. 4A) of the first rack body 215. The first locking mechanism 240a and the second locking mechanism 240b may be generally referred to herein as locking mechanism 240. The first locking mechanism 240a and the second locking mechanism 240b may be configured to engage with and lock the first plurality of slidable covers 220 in an open or closed position, as will be discussed further elsewhere herein.

[0071] The second vial rack 300 may be a mirror image of the first vial rack 200. Thus, as with the first vial rack 200, the second vial rack 300 may include a second rack body 315 having a second plurality of receptacles configured to hold a second plurality of vials 310. The second plurality of receptacles may include a size configured to receive and hold therein the second plurality' of vials 310 having a size in a range of about 15 rnL to about 40 mL in volume. The second plurality’ of vials 310 may include a first vial 310a. a second vial 310b, a third vial 310c, a fourth vial 31 Od, a fifth vial 31 Oe, a sixth vial 31 Of, a seventh vial 310g, an eighth vial 31 Oh, a ninth vial 3 lOi, and a tenth vial 3 lOj . The second plurality of vials 310 may include any number of vials as so desired. For example, in some embodiments, the second plurality’ of vials 310 may include more than ten vials, and in other embodiments, the second plurality’ of vials 310 may include less than ten vials. As shown, the second plurality of vials 310 may include a food source 305. In this example, the food source 305 may be a new’ food source 305 for the fruit flies 250 upon the transfer of the fruit flies 250 to the second plurality of vials 310 from the first plurality of vials 210, which includes the expired food 205.

[0072] Each of the second plurality of vials 310 may be housed within the second rack body 315 such that the food source 305 may be positioned at a bottom end 313 of each of the second plurality of vials 310. Further, the second vial rack 300 may include a second plurality of slidable covers 320, positioned adjacent a top end 311 of each of the second plurality of vials 310. The second plurality of slidable covers 320 may include a slidable cover for each top opening of the second plurality of receptacles, and thereby for the second plurality’ of vials 310. For example, the second plurality’ of slidable covers 320 may include a first slidable cover 320a configured to slidably cover the first vial 310a, a second slidable cover 320b configured to slidably cover the second vial 310b, a third slidable cover 320c configured to slidably cover the third vial 310c, a fourth slidable cover 320d configured to slidably cover the fourth vial 310d, a fifth slidable cover 320e configured to slidably cover the fifth vial 310e... a tenth slidable cover 320j configured to slidably cover the tenth vial 3 lOj. The second plurality of slidable covers 320 may each include an opening in one portion of the respective slidable cover 320 and a mesh screen at another, opposite portionDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1of the respective slidable cover 320, as will be discussed in further detail with reference to FIG. 4B.

[0073] Each of the second plurality of slidable covers 320 may be assembled together with a second connector bar 330. The second connector bar 330, which will be discussed further with reference to FIG. 4D (e.g., first connector bar 230), may be configured to include a plurality of tensionable tabs (e.g., tensionable tab 231 shown in FIG. 4D) configured to engage with respective openings at a second end of the plurality of slidable covers 320 to the second connector bar 330. The connection of the plurality of tensionable tabs with the openings secures each of the second plurality of slidable covers 320 to the second connector bar 330 such that actuation of the second connector bar 330 subsequently moves each of the second plurality of slidable covers 320 simultaneously in a sliding fashion. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to move or slide only one of the second plurality of slidable covers 320. In such examples, a user may actuate or overcome a bias of the one of the plurality of tensionable tabs positioned within the respective opening of the one of the second plurality of slidable covers 320 such that the one of the plurality of tensionable tabs is displaced from the respective opening and the one of the second plurality of slidable covers 320 is free to move or slide independent of the remaining plurality of slidable covers 320.

[0074] The second vial rack 300 may further include a first locking mechanism 340a positioned at one end of the second rack body 315 and a second locking mechanism 340b positioned at another, opposite end of the second rack body 315. The first locking mechanism 340a and the second locking mechanism 340b may be generally referred to herein as locking mechanism 340. The first locking mechanism 340a and the second locking mechanism 340b may be configured to engage with and lock the second plurality of slidable covers 320 in an open or closed position, as will be discussed further elsewhere herein. As stated above, the second vial rack 300 is a mirror image of the first vial rack 200 and therefore the description of the first vial rack 200 further applies to the second vial rack 300 throughout.

[0075] Turning to FIG. 3. the first vial rack 200 and the second vial rack 300 may be secured to one another, thereby forming an assembled transfer device 275. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the first vial rack 200 includes the fruit flies 250 and the expired food 205. As such, the fruit flies 250 need to be transferred to the second plurality of vials 310 which contain the new food 305. To initiate the process, the second vial rack 300 may be flipped or inverted and may be positioned over the first vial rack 200 andDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1aligned such that the top end 311 of each of the second plurality of vials 310 are in line with the top end 211 of each of the first plurality of vials 210. the connector bars 230, 330 are aligned, the plurality of slidable covers 220, 320 are aligned, the first locking mechanism 240a of the first vial rack 200 is aligned with the second locking mechanism 340b of the second vial rack 300, and the second locking mechanism 240b of the first vial rack 200 is aligned with the first locking mechanism 340a of the second vial rack 300.

[0076] Once the second vial rack 300 has been positioned over and aligned with the first vial rack 200, a first protrusion (246a in FIG. 4C) of the first locking mechanism 240a of the first vial rack 200 may engage with an opening in the second locking mechanism 340b of the second vial rack 300 and a second protrusion of the second locking mechanism 240b of the first vial rack 200 may engage with an opening in the first locking mechanism 340a of the second vial rack 300. Similarly, a first protrusion of the first locking mechanism 340a of the second vial rack 300 may engage with an opening in the second locking mechanism 240b of the first vial rack 200 and a second protrusion of the second locking mechanism 340b of the second vial rack 300 may engage with an opening in the first locking mechanism 240a of the first vial rack 200. This engagement of the protrusions and openings work to secure the first vial rack 200 to the second vial rack 300 in a flush engagement. This flush engagement may prevent any of the fruit flies 250 from escaping during the transfer of the fruit flies 250 from the first plurality of vials 210 to the second plurality of vials 310.

[0077] FIGS. 4A to 4F illustrate more detailed views of the various separate components of the transfer device 275. FIG. 4A show-s the first rack body 215, which may include a plurality' of receptacles 217, such as a first receptacle 217a, a second receptacle 217b, a third receptacle 217c, a fourth receptacle 217d, a fifth receptacle 217e, a sixth receptacle 217f, a seventh receptacle 217g, an eighth receptacle 217h, a ninth receptacle 217i, and a tenth receptacle 217j. Each of the plurality' of receptacles 217 has atop opening 214 at the top of the receptacle 217 configured to receive one of the first plurality of vials 210 and retain the top portion of the vial 210 in place. Further, each of the receptacles 217 also has ac-shaped structure (or "c-clamp” or collar) 219 (e.g.. 219a. 219b, 219c, 219d, 219e, 219f, 219g, 219h, 219i, 219j) disposed near the bottom of the receptacle 217 as shown to retain the bottom portion of the vial 210 in place. Together, the one or more receptacles 217, the openings 214 and the c-clamps 219 therein are configured to receive and hold therein, the first plurality of vials 210. The one or more receptacles 217 may include a size and shape configured to match a size and shape of the first plurality of vials 210. The openings 214Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1and the c-clamps 219 may include a size and shape matching a profile of the first plurality of vials 210 and are thereby configured to hold the first plurality of vials 210 in a vertical orientation.

[0078] The first rack body 215 may include a plurality of ribs 218 (218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, 218e, 218f, 218g, 218h, 218i) disposed on the top of the first rack body 215, with each rib 218 positioned between two of the receptacle openings 214 (or next to an end opening 214) such that the two ribs 218 on opposing sides of an opening 214 can receive a slidable cover 220 therebetween such that the cover 220 is slidably coupled to the rib 218 on each side. Thus, the ribs 218 are configured to receive the first plurality of slidable covers 220 and keep the first plurality of slidable covers 220 aligned with the openings 214 of the receptacles 217. The plurality of ribs 218 may serve as aguidefor each ofthe first plurality of slidable covers 220, permitting axial movement in a forward-reverse direction (along the longitudinal axis of each cover 220), w hile restricting any lateral movement. While the first rack body 215 is described with reference to FIG. 4 A, it will be appreciated that the description of the first rack body 215 further applies to the second rack body 315.

[0079] FIG. 4B shows one of the slidable covers 220. As discussed elsewhere herein, the first plurality of slidable covers 220 may be configured to fit between tw o ribs 218 and cover the top opening 214 of each ofthe first plurality of receptacles 217, thereby covering the first plurality of vials 210. The slidable cover 220 may include a longitudinal recessed groove 212 along outer edges on both sides of the slidable cover 220 that engages with a corresponding lip (209 in FIG. 4E) of the ribs 218 of the first rack body 215. The lip (209) fits within the groove 212, securing the slidable cover 220 to the first vial rack 215 while permitting axial movement in a forward-reverse direction (along the longitudinal axis of each cover 220), while restricting any lateral movement. The slidable cover 220 may include an opening 224 defined in one portion of the slidable cover 220 and circular disc 225 at another, opposite portion of the slidable cover 220. The circular disc 225 may house a circular mesh screen 226 therein. The disc 225 including the mesh screen 226 is sized and shaped to be able to seal a top of the respective one of the openings 214 and thus one of the vials 210 to secure the fruit flies 250 therein. The mesh screen 226 may allow for air to pass therethrough, which is required to maintain healthy fruit flies 250. In some examples, the circular disc 225 may be formed from plastic, metal, resin, or any other suitable material, and the mesh screen 226 may be formed from fiberglass, polyester, polyethylene (HDPE), and metal (aluminum / stainless steel), or any other suitable material as desired. InDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1one embodiment, the circular disc 225 containing the mesh screen 226 is removable from the cover 220 for easy replacement thereof.

[0080] The circular disc 225 may further include a silicone disc 228 at a center region of the circular disc 225. The silicone disc 228 may be a self-sealing silicone to allow repeated needle punctures. For example, in some embodiments, the transfer of the fruit flies 250 from the first vial rack 200 to the second vial rack 300 may require the use of a CO2 injection within each of the first plurality of vials 210 to temporarily anesthetize (e.g., incapacitate) the fruit flies 250 to enable a safer transfer. In this example, a needle may need to transverse the disc 225, and the silicone disc 228 allows for the needle to pass therethrough without compromising the integrity' of the disc 225 or the mesh screen 226.

[0081] The slidable cover 220 may include one or more slots 227a, 227b. 227c, 227d, generally referred to herein as slots 227, positioned adjacent a first end 229a of the slidable cover 220. For the slidable covers 220 disposed at each end of the rack body 215, the slots 227 may be configured to receive one or more tabs (242 of FIG. 4C) of the locking mechanisms (e.g., 242a. 242b, 342a, 342b) to lock the slidable cover 220 in a closed position. When locked in the closed position, the disc 225 may be positioned over the opening 214 of the receptacle 217 such that the disc 225 is disposed over the opening of the vial therein. In some examples, the one or more tabs of the locking mechanisms may be retracted from the slots 227, thereby permitting axial translation of the slidable cover 220. Upon translation by a user urging the cover 220 into its open position (as will be described elsewhere herein), the opening 224 is urged into position over the opening 214 of the receptacle 217, thereby providing access to the vial 210 therein.

[0082] Continuing with FIG. 4B, the slidable cover 220 may further include a projection 222 and an opening 223 adjacent a second end 229b of the slidable cover 220. The projection 222 may be configured to engage with an opening on a corresponding slidable cover of the second vial rack 300 (when the two racks are coupled as shown in FIG. 3, for example), and the opening 223 may be configured to receive a projection of the corresponding slidable cover of the second vial rack 300. For example, in some embodiments, when the second vial rack 300 is coupled to the first vial rack 200 (as in FIG.3), the first slidable cover 220a of the first vial rack 200 may align with the tenth slidable cover 320j of the second vial rack 300. The projection 222 of the first slidable cover 220a may fit within an opening on the tenth slidable cover 320j and a projection of the tenth slidable cover 320j may fit within the opening 223 of the first slidable cover 220a. This engagement serves to align the slidable covers 220, 320, and thereby the first vial rack 200Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1and the second vial rack 300 and further restricts lateral movement of the slidable covers 220, 320 relative to the corresponding slidable cover 220, 320. The slidable cover 220 may also include a slot 221 configured to receive a tensionable tab (like tensionable tab 231 shown in FIG. 4D) from the first connector bar 230. The tensionable tab (231) may fit within the slot 221 to secure the slidable cover 220 to the first connector bar 230. More specifically, as discussed in additional detail below, the first connector bar 230 can be attached to each of the slidable covers 220 to thereby couple all of the covers 220 together such that they move as a single unit and can be fixed into place as a single unit as well. While one slidable cover 220 was shown and described with reference to FIG. 4B, it will be appreciated that the description of the slidable cover 220 further applies to each of the first plurality of slidable covers 220 and the second plurality of slidable covers 320, discussed throughout.

[0083] FIG. 4C shows the first locking mechanism 240a similar to the locking mechanisms 240a, 240b as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. In some examples, the first locking mechanism 240a may be a sliding body (or tab) formed from one or more of: a plastic material, cardboard, aluminum, stainless steel, wood, acrylic, rubber, carbon fiber, or silicone. The first locking mechanism 240a may include a first end 241a and a second end 243a. The first end may include a first tab 242a and a second tab 242b, each of which are configured to engage and fit within the corresponding slots 227 of the respective slidable cover 220 disposed near the end of the rack, as discussed above and elsewhere herein. The first locking mechanism 240a may further include a first protrusion 246a and an opening 247a. When the racks are coupled together as shown in FIG. 3, the first protrusion 246a of the first locking mechanism 240a may engage with an opening in the second locking mechanism 340b of the second vial rack 300, and a second protrusion of the second locking mechanism 340b may be configured to engage with the opening 247a of the first locking mechanism 240a. This engagement not only serves to lock the first vial rack 200 to the second vial rack 300 but further ensures that the first vial rack 200 and the second vial rack 300 are properly aligned with each other such that the first protrusion 246a enters the corresponding opening 247a. This rack alignment ensures each of the first plurality of vials 210 align with each of the second plurality of vials 310 such that the fruit flies 250 may be properly transferred from each of the first plurality of vials 210 to the corresponding one of the second plurality of vials 310. This engagement eliminates the risk of the fruit flies falling out of the first plurality of vials 210 upon transfer to the second plurality of vials 310. The first protrusion 246a may include a hood or tab 248a at one end that may be configured to “hook onto” theDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1opening of the second locking mechanism of the second vial rack 300. This engagement serves to secure the first locking mechanism 240a to the second locking mechanism 340b of the second vial rack 300. This securement locks the first vial rack 200 to the second vial rack 300 (such as shown in FIG. 3). Further, securing the first locking mechanism 240a to the second locking mechanism 340b of the second vial rack 300 permits movement of the locking mechanisms (e.g., 240a, 340b) simultaneously without separating the first vial rack 200 from the second vial rack 300. While the first locking mechanism 240a was shown and described with reference to FIG. 4C, it will be appreciated that the description of the first locking mechanism 240a further applies to each of the locking mechanisms 240b, 340a, 340b, discussed throughout.

[0084] FIG. 4D shows the first connector bar 230. As shown, the first connector bar 230 may include a plurality of guide rails 232 (232a, 232b, 232c, 232d, 232e, 232f, 232g, 232h, 232i, 232j, 232k) that may be configured to receive the second end 229b of each of the first plurality of slidable covers 220. The first connector bar 230 may be configured to include a plurality of tensionable tabs 231 (231a, 231b, 231c, 231d. 231e, 231f, 231g, 231h, 23 li, 231 j) which may be configured to engage with respective slots 221 at the second end 229b of the first plurality of slidable covers 220 to secure the first plurality of slidable covers 220 to the first connector bar 230. As the second end 229b slides into the respective guide rails of the plurality of guide rails 232, the second end 229b urges each of the plurality of tension tabs 231 in a downward direction, thereby overcoming the bias of each of the plurality of tensionable tabs 231 (and causing each to become tensioned), permitting the slidable covers 220 to move past the plurality of tensionable tabs 231 until each of the plurality of tensionable tabs 231 reaches the corresponding one of the slots 221, at which point, the slots allow the plurality of tensioned tensionable tabs 231 to be urged into the slots (and thereby return to their untensioned state), thereby securing the first connector bar 230 to the slidable covers 220. The connection of the plurality of tensionable tabs 231 with the slots 221 secures each of the first plurality of slidable covers 220 to the first connector bar 230 such that actuation of the first connector bar 230 subsequently moves each of the first plurality of slidable covers 220 simultaneously in a sliding fashion. That is, the connection of the connector bar 230 to each of the covers 220 couples all of the covers 220 together via the bar 230 such that the bar 230 and the covers 220 move as a single unit. While the first connector bar 230 was shown and described with reference to FIG. 4D, it will be appreciated that the description of the first connector bar 230 further applies to the second connector bar 330, discussed throughout.Docket No.: 89558.8. WOU1

[0085] The interactions of the slidable covers 220, the locking bodies 240a, 240B, and the connector bar 230 with the rack 200 are shown in additional detail in FIGS. 5A to 7B, which illustrate various top-down views of the first vial rack 200 with the locking mechanism 240 and the first plurality of slidable covers 220 in various positions. FIG. 5A is a top-down view of the first vial rack 200 showing the first locking mechanism 240a and the second locking mechanism 240b in a first, locked position 278, and the first plurality of slidable covers 220 in a first, closed position 276. FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of the second locking mechanism 240b as in Box 5B of FIG. 5 A, FIG. 6A is a top-down view of the first vial rack 200, showing the first locking mechanism 240a and the second locking mechanism 240b in a second, unlocked position 279, and the first plurality of slidable covers 220 in the first, closed position 276, FIG. 6B is an enlarged view of the second locking mechanism 240b as in Box 6B of FIG. 6A, FIG. 7A is a top-down view of the first vial rack 200, showing the first locking mechanism 240a and the second locking mechanism 240b in the second, unlocked position 279, and the first plurality of slidable covers 220 in a second, open position 277, and FIG. 7B is an enlarged view of the second locking mechanism 240b as in Box 7B of FIG. 7A. While the first vial rack 200 is shown and described with reference to FIGS. 5A to 7B, it will be appreciated that the description of the first vial rack 200 further applies to the second vial rack 300.

[0086] FIG. 4E illustrates an enlarged portion of the first rack body 215, as in FIG. 4A, highlighting the top opening 214 of the receptacles 217. and the ribs 218. As discussed elsewhere herein, the slidable cover 220 includes the longitudinal recessed groove 212 along an outer edge that engages with a corresponding lip 209 of the ribs 218 of the first rack body 215. The lip 209 fits within the grooves 212, securing the slidable cover 220 to the first vial rack 215 while permitting axial movement in a forward-reverse direction (along the longitudinal axis of each cover 220), while restricting any lateral movement.

[0087] FIG. 4F illustrates an enlarged portion of the first rack body 215, as in FIG. 4A, highlighting the c-clamp 219 of the receptacles 217. As previously stated, the c-clamp 219 (or collar) may be disposed near the bottom of the receptacle 217 as shown to retain the bottom portion of the vial 210 in place. Each of the receptacles 217 may further include a flexible tongue 208 that may be disposed near the bottom of the receptacle 217. The tongue 208 may be a compliant or flexible mechanism configured to undergo a controlled deformation during insertion of the vial 210 into the receptacle 217. For example, when the vial 210 is inserted into the receptacle 217, the vial 210 may be positioned at an angle. The bottom portion (e.g., 213 of FIG. 2) of the vial 210 contacts the tongue 208 therebyDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1depressing the tongue 208 so the tongue 208 deflects downward, thereby reducing resistance and facilitating a smooth insertion into the receptacle 217.

[0088] As shown in FIGS. 5 A and 5B, the locking mechanisms 240a, 240b are in the first, locked position 278 in which the one or more tabs 242 are held within corresponding slots 227 of the slidable covers 220. For example, as shown in FIG. 5B, a third tab 242c of the second locking mechanism 240b is positioned within a second slot 227b and a fourth tab 242d of the second locking mechanism 240b is positioned within a first slot 227a of the tenth slidable cover 220j. Similarly, the first locking mechanism 240a is engaged with the first slidable cover 220a. Engagement of the one or more tabs 242 with the slots 227 secures the first plurality of slidable covers 220 in a first, closed position 276, in which the disc 225 including the mesh screen 226 may be used to seal a top of the respective one of the first plurality of vials 210 to secure the fruit flies 250 therein. As shown herein, the first locking mechanism 240a and the second locking mechanism 240b are configured to engage with slidable covers 220 positioned closest to the ends of the vial rack 200. As the first plurality of slidable covers 220 are all coupled together via the first connector bar 230. as discussed above, engagement of the first locking mechanism 240a and the second locking mechanism 240b with the two slidable covers 220 positioned closest to the ends of the vial rack 200 further secures all of the slidable covers 220 in the first, locked position 278.

[0089] As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the locking mechanisms 240a, 240b may be axially translated to a second, unlocked position 279 wherein the one or more tabs 242 are removed from the slots 227, w hich permits translation (e.g., sliding movement) of the first plurality of slidable covers 220. This translation of the first plurality of slidable covers 220 moves the first plurality of slidable covers 220 from the first, closed position 276 to a second, open position 277, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. In this second, open position 277, the openings 224 may be moved over the top ends of the first plurality of vials 210, thereby providing access to the fruit flies 250 therein.

[0090] FIGS. 8A to 8H illustrate a method 400 of use for the transfer device 275, where FIG. 8A shows the transfer device 275 where the locking mechanisms 240, 340 are moved to the second, unlocked position 279, FIG. 8B is an enlarged view of the locking mechanisms 240, 340, as in Box 8B of FIG. 8A, FIG. 8C illustrates moving the first connector bar 230 coupled to the first plurality of slidable covers 220, 320 to the second, open position 277, FIG. 8D shows the transfer device 275, where the locking mechanisms 240, 340 are moved to the first, locked position 278, 8E is an enlarged view of the locking mechanisms 240, 340, as in Box 8E of FIG. 8D, 8F show's the transfer device 275 after aDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1successful transfer of D. melanogaster, FIG. 8G shows the transfer device 275, where the locking mechanisms 240, 340 are moved to the first, locked position 279, , and FIG. 8H illustrates the separation of a the first vial rack 200 and the second vial rack 300 after the transfer of D. melanogaster.

[0091] In use, the transfer device 275 can be used in the following manner. The second vial rack 300 may be flipped or inverted and positioned over the first vial rack 200 such that the components of each vial rack 200, 300 are aligned. While it is shown and described that the second vial rack 300 may be positioned over the first vial rack 200, it will be appreciated that the first vial rack 200 may be positioned over the second vial rack 300. Further, it may be contemplated that the first vial rack 200 and the second vial rack 300 may be positioned adjacent to one another and coupled to one another while in a horizontal position (e.g.. on their sides). The first vial rack 200 and the second vial rack 300 may then be secured together via a snap fit. To transfer the fruit flies 250 from the first vial rack to the second vial rack, a user may actuate the locking mechanisms from a locked position to an unlocked position, as indicated by arrows 401a, 401b in FIG. 8A. With the locking mechanisms in the unlocked position, the slidable covers are free to slide from the first, closed position to the second, open position via actuation of the connector bars, as indicated by arrows 402a, 402b, 402c in FIG. 8C.

[0092] The user may use a “tap-tap’' method in which the user may tap the transfer device 275 on an underlying surface to briefly stun the fruit flies 250 and to encourage the fruit flies 250 to move away from the top end 211 of each of the first plurality of vials 210. The user may then flip or invert the transfer device 275, as shown in FIG. 8D, and may tap the transfer device 275 causing the fruit flies 250 to move / fall down into the second plurality of vials 310 in the second vial rack 300. The user may push and slide the sliding covers via the connector bars back to the first, closed position, as indicated by arrows 405a, 405b, 405c in FIG. 8G, and then push the locking mechanisms inward, as indicated by arrows 403a, 403b to the first, locked position, as shown in FIGS. 8D and 8G. At this point, the fruit flies 250 have been successfully transferred to the second plurality of vials 310 within the second vial rack 300. as shown in FIG. 8F.

[0093] To separate the first vial rack 200 from the second vial rack 300, the user may actuate the locking mechanisms from the locked position to the unlocked position, as indicated by arrows 404a, 404b in FIG. 8G. With the locking mechanisms in the unlocked position, the user is free to separate the first vial rack 200 from the second vial rack 300, as shown in FIG. 8H. This process of transferring fruit flies from the first vial rack 200 to theDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1second vial rack 300 streamlines the process by permitting the safe and efficient transfer of at least ten vials at one time.

[0094] In addition to, or as an alternative to, the ‘'tap-tap” method discussed above, the flies can also be stunned prior to transfer by injecting CO2 into the vials. For example, FIGS.9A to 10E depict one embodiment of a CO2 injection device 500 and its use with any of the various vial rack embodiments disclosed or contemplated herein. FIG. 9A illustrates the CO2 injection device 500, generally referred to herein as injection or injector device 500, that can be coupled with a vial rack, such as the first vial rack 200. FIG. 9B illustrates an end view of the injector device 500 that can be coupled with the first vial rack 200. Further, FIG. 9C illustrates the injector device 500. FIG. 10A illustrates a top-down perspective view of the injector device 500 and the first vial rack 200, FIG. 10B illustrates a bottom-up perspective view of the injector device 500 and the first vial rack 200, FIG. 10C illustrates the injector device 500 coupled with the first vial rack 200, FIG. 10D illustrates an end view of the injector device 500 coupled with the first vial rack 200, and FIG. 10E illustrates an enlarged view of the injector device 500 coupled with the first vial rack 200. While it is shown that the injector device 500 is coupled to the first vial rack 200, it will be appreciated that the injector device 500 may be coupled to the second vial rack 300, or any other suitable vial rack without departing from the scope of the examples described herein.

[0095] As shown in FIGS. 9A to 10E, the injector device 500 has an injection body 516 that has a plenum 510. an intake nozzle 515, and a plurality of needles 520 (520a, 520b, 520c, 520d, 520e, 520f, 520g, 520h, 520i, 520j). The plurality of needles 520 may be configured to engage with the first plurality of slidable covers 220. More specifically, the plurality of needles 520 may be configured to engage with the silicone discs 258 of the first plurality of slidable covers 220. The nozzle 515 may be configured to be hooked up to a hose through which CO2 may be pumped. The nozzle 515 and the needles 520 are in fluidic communication with the interior of the plenum 510 such that the CO2 may pass through the nozzle 515, into the plenum 510, and out of the plenum 510 through each of the plurality of needles 520, and thus into each of the vials 210. The CO2 may be used to anesthetize or temporarily incapacitate the fruit flies 250 to aid in the transfer of the fruit flies 250 to a new vial rack (e g., second vial rack 300).

[0096] The injector device 500 may be coupled to the first vial rack 200 or the second vial rack 300 via a friction fit or a snap fit. For example, a first connector portion 512a and a second connector portion 512b may be configured to engage with the openings 247 of the locking mechanisms 240 in a tight fit, thereby securing the injector device to the first vialDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1rack 200. Upon coupling the injector device 500 to the first vial rack 200, each of the plurality of needles 520 puncture through the silicone discs 258 of the first plurality of slidable covers 220, as best shown in FIG. 10E. Then the CO2 may be injected into each of the first plurality of vials 210 and within 10-35 seconds, the fruit flies may be asleep. The effects of the CO2 may last for about three minutes, allowing for more time to complete the transfer between vial racks.

[0097] In some examples, a user may want to inject one singular vial. In such examples, as described elsewhere herein, a user may actuate the tension tab 231 associated with the vial to be removed to overcome the bias, and the corresponding sliding cover may be removed. Then the user can manually remove the vial of interest. In such an example, the user may need to plug the vial of interest and a CO2 gun may be used to inject the CO2 instead.

[0098] As described herein, a user may transfer the fruit flies 250 using a tap-tap method or CO2 injection wdth the transfer device 275. In this way, a user may personalize their use experience. For example, a more experienced user, who may have a high skill level, may prefer the tap-tap method as this may be faster. However, the CO2 method may anesthetize or temporarily incapacitate the fruit flies 250, which is easier upon transfer. On the other hand, the CO2 method may take longer as it takes time to put the fruit flies 250 to sleep. Each of these methods are beneficial and save time when compared to the traditional method of animal transfer, as described in FIGS. 1 A to IB.

[0099] FIGS. 11A to 1 IF illustrate various views of a vial rack platform 600 for storing one or more vial racks 615 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11A is a perspective view- of the vial rack platform 600 including one or more vial racks 615, FIG. 11B illustrates a front-side view7of the vial rack platform 600 including one or more vial racks 615, FIG. 11C illustrates a back-side view of the vial rack platform 600 including one or more vial racks 615, FIG. 1 ID is an end view of the vial rack platform 600 including one or more vial racks 615, FIG. HE illustrates the vial rack platform 600 including one or more vial racks 615 placed on a storage shelf 620, and FIG. 1 IF illustrates a perspective view of the vial rack platform 600.

[0100] As shown in FIGS. 11 A to 1 IF, the vial rack platform 600 may be formed to include step features 610a, 610b, 610c, 610d, as shown in FIG. 11D. The step features 610a, 610b, 610c, 610d permit insertion of each of the vial racks so the vial racks are positioned adjacent one another in a close proximity without obstructing the sliding covers and connector bars of adjacent vial racks. This type of structure and / or placement of theDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1vial racks on the vial rack platform 600 allows for concise storage on a storage shelf 620, as shown in FIG. 1 IE.

[0101] FIG. 1 IF shows the vial rack platform 600 without the vial racks. As shown, each of the step features 610a, 610b, 610c, 610d includes one or more tension locking buckles 617. These tension locking buckles 617 may be configured to engage with abottom of the vial rack to secure the vial racks to the vial rack platform 600 in a snap-fit engagement.

[0102] FIGS. 12A to 12E illustrate various components utilized in the disposal of used vials. FIG. 12A illustrates a vial rack 700 including a plurality of used vials 710 (e.g., first plurality of vials 210), FIG. 12B illustrates a top-down perspective view of an alignment bar 750 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 12C illustrates a bottom-up perspective view- of the alignment bar 750, FIG. 12D illustrates a top-down perspective view- of a plug pusher 760 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 12E illustrates a bottom-up perspective view of the plug pusher 760.

[0103] Disposal of the plurality of used vials 710 (e.g., first plurality of vials 210) may require the plurality of used vials 710 be sealed. A user cannot dispose of them while open (e.g., not sealed) as the used vials 710 may have pupae or larvae that can become a fly and escape, which could cause contamination of the laboratory. Thus, the used vials 710 need to be sealed. In some examples, the alignment bar 750 may be aligned w-ith the openings (e.g., openings of FIG. 4B) of first plurality of slidable covers and may press down into the open ends of the used vials 710 via friction fit. Fiber plugs, such as fiber plug 752 shown in FIG. 12B, may be pressed into each of a plurality of openings 754. The user may then take the plug pusher 760, as shown in FIGS. 12D and 12E, and push each of the fiber plugs 752 into the attached used vials 710. As shown, the plug pusher 760 may include a first pusher 762a and a second pusher 762b. As such, when using the plug pusher 760, the user may push the fiber plugs 752 into corresponding used vials 710 two at a time. Because the alignment bar 750 is secured to the vial rack 700 and the plurality of used vials 710, the fiber plugs 752 are added at once and all used vials 710 stay closed the entire time using the alignment bar 750 and the plug pusher 760, as the fiber plugs 752 are already positioned in the alignment bar 750. This results in sealing all of the used vials 710 without allowing any escape, preventing environmental contamination.

[0104] The various components described herein may be formed from plastic, metal, resin, fiberglass, polyester, polyethylene (HDPE), wood, cardboard, acrylic, rubber, carbon fiber, silicone, and metal (aluminum / stainless steel), or any other suitable materialDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1as desired. In some examples, the various components described herein may be 3D printed, injection molded, or any other suitable method of manufacture, which may reduce time and cost of materials required in testing environments.

[0105] Various non-limiting exemplary embodiments have been described. It will be appreciated that suitable alternatives are possible without departing from the scope of the examples described herein.Example

[0106] Embodiments of the present disclosure are further defined in the following non-limiting Examples. It should be understood that these Examples, while indicating certain embodiments of the disclosure, are given by way of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples, one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of this disclosure and can make various changes and modifications of the embodiments of the disclosure to adapt it to various usages and conditions. Thus, various modifications of the embodiments of the disclosure, in addition to those shown and described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0107] In one specific example, the time savings created by the use of the transfer device 275 as described herein was examined. More specifically, ten independent volunteers from two different fly labs were evaluated to measure the time required to transfer ten vials using a traditional method of animal transfer (e.g.. method 100 described with reference to FIGS. 1 A and IB) versus using the transfer device 275 described herein. To monitor for potential contamination, each of the ten vials contained distinct fly phenol}' pes. as shown in FIG. 13 A. The phenotypes included three intercalated genoty pes: w = wild type; e = ebony; dbx = y; sp / Cyo; Dr / TM6B.

[0108] Each participant received a brief 15-minute training course on operating the transfer device 275 prior to use. Further, the participants could choose to use CO2, as described with reference to FIGS. 9A to 10E, or alternatively could use the “tap-tap” method. Following the 15-minute training course, each of the participants used the transfer device 275 three separate times. The participants were timed during each use. and the time it took each user to use the transfer device 275 each time was compared to the traditional method of animal transfer. The results, as shown in FIG. 13B, are as follows: using the taptap method, the participants were able to complete the transfer of the flies 90% faster using the transfer device 275 versus traditional methods of transfer. Similarly, when using CO2, the participants were able to complete the transfer of the flies 78.4% faster using the transferDocket No.: 89558.8. WOU1device 275 versus traditional methods of transfer. This is further shown in FIG. 13C, which illustrates the percentage of time saved for each participant for each of the three uses of the transfer device 275.

Claims

Docket No.: 89558.

8. WOU1CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A device for storing and / or transferring flies, the device comprising:(a) a first vial rack comprising:(i) a first rack body;(ii) a plurality7of receptacles configured to receive a first plurality of vials;(iii) a first plurality of slidable covers configured to slidably cover each of the plurality of receptacles;(iv) a first locking mechanism positioned at one end of the first rack body; and(v) a second locking mechanism positioned at another, opposite end of the first rack body;(b) a second vial rack comprising:(i) a second rack body;(ii) a second plurality of receptacles configured to receive a second plurality of vials;(iii) a second plurality of slidable covers configured to slidably cover each of the second plurality7of receptacles;(iv) a first locking mechanism positioned at one end of the second rack body; and(v) a second locking mechanism positioned at another, opposite end of the second rack body;wherein the first vial rack and the second vial rack are configured to be coupled together where a top end of each of the plurality of receptacles is aligned with a top end of each of the second plurality of receptacles and the first vial rack is secured to the second vial rack.

2. The device of claim 1 further comprising, a first connector bar coupled to a second end of each of the plurality of slidable covers of the first vial rack, the firstDocket No.: 89558.

8. WOU1connector bar configured to simultaneously move the first plurality of slidable covers in a slidable fashion.

3. The device of claim 2 further comprising, a second connector bar coupled to a second end of each of the second plurality' of slidable covers of the second vial rack, the connector bar configured to simultaneously move the second plurality of slidable covers in a slidable fashion.

4. The device of claim 2, wherein the first connector bar includes a plurality of tension tabs, the plurality of tension tabs configured to engage with respective slots positioned at a second end of the first plurality of slidable covers to secure the connector bar to the first plurality of slidable covers.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first plurality of slidable covers of the first vial rack and each of the second plurality of slidable covers of the second vial rack are configured to move from a first, closed position to a second, open position.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first plurality7of receptacles includes ten receptacles.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the second plurality of receptacles includes ten receptacles.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first plurality of slidable covers comprises a disc having a mesh screen and a silicone disc therein configured to align with one of the openings of one of the first plurality of receptacles to close the one of the first plurality7of receptacles.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein each of the first plurality of slidable covers further includes an opening configured to align with the top end of each of the first plurality of receptacles to open each of the first plurality' of receptacles.Docket No.: 89558.

8. WOU110. A method of transferring flies from a plurality of vials to a second plurality of vials, the method comprising:coupling a first vial rack to a second vial rack, the first vial rack housing a plurality' of vials containing flies, and the second vial rack housing a plurality of vials containing no flies, such that the plurality of vials of the first vial rack are aligned with the plurality of vials of the second vial rack;actuating a first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism on each of the first vial rack and the second vial rack from a locked position to an unlocked position;sliding, simultaneously, a first plurality of slidable covers and a second plurality of slidable covers from a first, closed position to a second, open positiontemporarily incapacitating the flies;causing the flies to move from the plurality of vials of the first vial rack to the plurality of vials of the second vial rack;sliding, simultaneously, the first plurality of slidable covers and the second plurality of slidable covers from the second, open position to the first, closed position; anduncoupling the first vial rack from the second vial rack.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising, actuating the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism of each of the first vial rack and the second vial rack from the unlocked position to the locked position after sliding the first plurality of slidable covers and the second plurality of slidable covers from the second, open position to the first, closed position.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the second vial rack is positioned over and aligned with the first vial rack prior to coupling the first vial rack and the second vial rack.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein inverting the first and second vial racks causes the flies to move from the plurality of vials of the first vial rack to the plurality of vials of the second vial rack.Docket No.: 89558.

8. WOU114. The method of claim 10 further comprising, tapping the first and second vial racks to help the flies to move from the first vial rack to the second vial rack.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein temporarily incapacitating the flies comprises using a CO2 injector to inject CO2 into each of the plurality of vials containing the flies prior to moving the flies from the plurality of vials of the first vial rack to the plurality of vials of the second vial rack.

16. A method of transferring flies from a plurality of vials to a second plurality of vials, the method comprising:coupling a first vial rack including a first plurality of vials housing flies to a second vial rack including a second plurality7of vials including a new food source, where the second vial rack is positioned over and aligned with the first vial rack such that a top end of the plurality of vials is aligned with a top end of the second plurality of vials;sliding, simultaneously, a first plurality' of slidable covers of the first vial rack and a second plurality of slidable covers of the second vial rack from a first, closed position to a second, open position;inverting the first and second vial racks such that the first vial rack is above the second vial rack and the flies move from the first vial rack to the second vial rack; andsliding, simultaneously, the first plurality' of slidable covers and the second plurality of slidable covers from the second, open position to the first, closed position.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first plurality of vials includes ten vials, and the second plurality of vials includes ten vials.

18. The method of claim 16 further comprising, actuating a first locking mechanism of the first vial rack and the second vial rack, and a second locking mechanism from the first vial rack and the second vial rack, thereby moving the first locking mechanism and the second locking mechanism from a locked position to an unlocked position prior to sliding the first plurality of slidable covers of the first vial rackDocket No.: 89558.

8. WOU1and the second plurality of slidable covers of the second vial rack from the first, closed position to the second, open position.

19. The method of claim 16 further comprising, disposing of the plurality of vials after the flies have moved from the first vial rack to the second vial rack.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein an alignment bar including fiber plugs may be positioned over and coupled to the first vial rack, and a plug pusher may be used to push the fiber plugs into each of the plurality of vials thereby sealing the plurality of vials.

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