Personal care compositions

Abstract

Disclosed are personal care compositions, e.g., skin care compositions, comprising at least one skin emollient, e.g., maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol and at least one topically active compound, as well as to methods of using these compositions to enhance deposition of the at least one topically active compound to the skin of a user.

Description

PERSONAL CARE COMPOSITIONSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 779,662, filed 28 March 2025, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND

[0002] Rinse-off personal care products often seek to deliver active ingredients to the skin. In contrast to leave-on products, active delivery from rinse-off products like facial cleansers, liquid soaps, or body washes may be challenging due to the limited time period during which the formulation is in contact with the skin. Although skin care compositions are commonly used to deliver active ingredients, the effect may be transient or ineffective as the active ingredient may not be able to permeate various layers of the skin or maintain contact with the skin.

[0003] Additionally, the level of active in a rinse-off product may be low compared to a leave-on product. Cost in general may be a constraint for any rinse-off product. Rinse-off products like bar soaps, body washes, and liquid hand and facial soaps are typically sold at much lower costs than leave-on products like lotions and serums. This may limit the amount of any additional ingredient added to the rinse-off product, be it an active or a material that can boost the deposition of the active.

[0004] Several factors can impact the deposition of an active ingredient from a rinse-off product, including, for example, the choice of surfactant and the viscosity of the composition. A surfactant may contain a delicate blend of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, where the balance between these components impacts the overall performance. Surfactants of a higher hydrophilic character typically generate denser foams, which are often desired of consumers. However, they can also be harsher on the skin. Surfactants of a higher hydrophobic character often generate a less dense foam, although these surfactants are typically gentler on the skin and may impart a formula with a “creamy” appearance that is often desired by consumers. Likewise, the overall viscosity of a rinse-off personal care composition may be an important factor to consumers. The liquid should pump and / or pour readily and be applied easily to the skin, without being too thick or too runny.

[0005] Accordingly, there is a need for personal care compositions that can effectively deposit topically active compounds on the skin while maintaining suitable viscosity.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0006] In one aspect, the disclosure provides a personal care composition comprising at least one skin emollient and at least one topically active compound.

[0007] In some embodiments, the at least one skin emollient comprises maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters, such as the commercially-available Softhance™ MR skin emollient comprising maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters and glycerin. In certain embodiments, the at least one skin emollient is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, by weight relative to a total weight of the personal care composition. Accordingly, disclosed herein is a personal care composition comprising maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters and at least one topically active compound, wherein the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters are present in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on a total weight of personal care composition.

[0008] In certain embodiments, the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters are present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% or from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0009] In some embodiments, the at least one topically active compound is selected from hydrophobic compounds, and in certain embodiments, the at least one topically active compound is a hydrophobic compound. In certain embodiments, the at least one topically active compound is a hydrophobic vitamin, such as a vitamin selected from vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, and derivatives and combinations thereof; in certain embodiments, the at least one topically active compound is a hydrophilic vitamin, such as vitamin C, vitamin B, and combinations and derivatives thereof, e.g., niacinamide. In certain embodiments of the disclosure, the vitamin is vitamin E or a derivative thereof, such as vitamin E acetate or alpha-tocopherol. In certain embodiments, the topically active compound is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%, such as from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.3 wt% or about 0.1 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0010] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein further comprises a surfactant system, and in certain embodiments, the surfactant system comprises at least one anionic surfactant, at least one non-ionic surfactant, and at least one zwitterionic surfactant. In certain embodiments, the at least one anionic surfactant is selected from sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SEES), preferably SEES, and in certain embodiments, the at least one anionic surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 15 wt%, such as from about 5 wt% to about 10 wt% or from about 8 wt% to about 9 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0011] In certain embodiments, the at least one zwitterionic surfactant is selected from a betaine, such as cocamidopropyl betaine, and in certain embodiments, the at least one zwitterionic surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 15 wt%, such as from about 5 wt% to about 12 wt% or about 10 wt% to about 11 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0012] According to certain embodiments of the disclosure, the at least one nonionic surfactant is cocomonoethanolamine, and in certain embodiments, the at least one nonionic surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, such as from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt% or about 0.4 wt% to about 0.6 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0013] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition further comprises at least humectant, and in certain embodiments, the at least one humectant is selected from glycerin, sorbitol, and combinations thereof, preferably glycerin.

[0014] In various embodiments, the personal care composition is a rinse-off composition, and in certain embodiments, the personal care composition a liquid soap, liquid hand soap, shower gel, body wash, shampoo, or hair conditioner, such as a liquid facial soap.

[0015] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein has a viscosity ranging from about 2,000 cP to about 14,000 cP, such as from about 10,000 cP to about 12,000 cP, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer at 25 °C, 20 rpm, with spindle #5.

[0016] Also disclosed herein are methods of enhancing deposition of at least one topically active compound to skin of a subject, comprising applying the personal care composition as disclosed herein to the skin of the subject, wherein the method enhances an amount of the at least one topically active compound deposited. In certain embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the method enhances deposition of the at least one topically active compound to the skin by at least about 0.1 pg / cm2, such as at least about 0.1 pg / cm2, at least about 0.2 pg / cm2, or at least about 0.3 pg / cm2, as compared to a personal care composition that does not comprise maleated soybean oilglyceryl / octyldodecanol esters in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on a total weight of personal care composition.

[0017] In another aspect, disclosed herein is a use of a personal care composition as disclosed herein for increasing the deposition of the at least one topically active compound on the skin of a subject when applying the composition to the skin.

[0018] Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating some typical aspects of the disclosure, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG.1 is a bar graph showing, for Trial 1 as described in Example 1, the amount of vitamin E acetate deposited (pg / cm2) on skin by compositions containing no Softhance™, 0.1% Softhance™, 0.2% Softhance™, 0.3% Softhance™, 0.55% Softhance™, and 1% Softhance™.

[0020] FIG.2 is a bar graph showing, for Trial 2 as described in Example 1, the amount of vitamin E acetate deposited (pg / cm2) on skin by compositions containing no Softhance™, 0.1% Softhance™, 0.2% Softhance™, 0.3% Softhance™, 0.55% Softhance™, and 1% Softhance™.

[0021] FIG.3 is a bar graph showing, for Trial 3 as described in Example 1, the amount of vitamin E acetate deposited (pg / cm2) on skin by compositions containing no Softhance™, 0.05% Softhance™, 0.1% Softhance™, 0.2% Softhance™, 0.3% Softhance™, and 0.55% Softhance™.

[0022] FIG.4 is a bar graph showing, for Trial 4 as described in Example 1. the amount of vitamin E acetate deposited (pg / cm2) on skin by compositions containing no Softhance™, 0.05% Softhance™. 0.1% Softhance™, 0.2% Softhance™, 0.3% Softhance™, and 0.55% Softhance™.

[0023] FIG. 5 is a bar graph showing, for Trial 1 as described in Example 2, the amount of D-alpha tocopherol deposited (pg / cm2) on skin by compositions containing no Softhance™, 0.05% Softhance™, 0.1% Softhance™, 0.2% Softhance™, 0.3% Softhance™, and 0.55% Softhance™.

[0024] FIG. 6 is a bar graph showing, for Trial 2 as described in Example 2, the amount of D-alpha tocopherol deposited (pg / cm2) on skin by compositions containing no Softhance™, 0.05% Softhance™, 0.1% Softhance™, 0.2% Softhance™, 0.3% Softhance™, and 0.55% Softhance™.

[0025] FIG. 7 is a bar graph showing, for Trial 1 as described in Example 2, the amount of niacinamide deposited (pg / cm2) on skin by compositions containing no Softhance™, 0.05% Softhance™, 0.1% Softhance™, 0.2% Softhance™, 0.3% Softhance™, and 0.55% Softhance™.

[0026] FIG. 8 is a bar graph showing, for Trial 2 as described in Example 2, the amount of niacinamide deposited (pg / cm2) on skin by compositions containing no Softhance™. 0.05% Softhance™, 0.1% Softhance™, 0.2% Softhance™, 0.3% Softhance™, and 0.55% Softhance™.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following description of various typical aspects is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses.

[0028] As used throughout, ranges are used as shorthand for describing each and every value that is within the range. Any value within the range can be selected as the terminus of the range. In addition, all references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. In the event of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and that of a cited reference, the present disclosure controls.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and amounts expressed herein and elsewhere in the specification should be understood to refer to percentages by weight. The amounts given are based on the active weight of the material.

[0030] The present disclosure relates to personal care compositions that effectively deposit topically active compounds (e.g., a vitamin) on the skin.

[0031] As disclosed herein, it has been found that the use of maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters in a liquid rinse-off product may lead to an increase in the deposition of an active compound (e.g., a vitamin such as vitamin E acetate) as compared to the use of other skin emollients. While skin emollients such as for example maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters may be used to impart active deposition of an active compound to the skin, it was surprisingly discovered and is disclosed herein that maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters present in an amount of about 1 wt% or less in a rinse-off personal care composition may lead to a dramatically increased deposition of an active compound when the composition applied to the skin, for example as compared to a personal care compositioncontaining a different skin emollient or containing more than 1 wt% maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters.

[0032] The present disclosure provides, in certain aspects, a personal care composition, e.g., skin care composition, comprising maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters and at least one topically active compound, wherein the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters is present in the personal care composition in an amount of about 1 wt% or less, based on a total weight of the personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the at least one topically active compound comprises at least one hydrophobic topically active compound, such as vitamin E or a derivative thereof, e.g., vitamin E acetate or alpha-tocopherol. In certain embodiments, the at least one topically active compound comprises at least one hydrophilic topically active compound, e.g., niacinamide.Maleated Soybean Oil Glyceryl / Octyldodecanol Esters

[0033] In certain embodiments, the personal care compositions disclosed herein comprise a skin emollient comprising maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters. Maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters may also be known as soja glyceride and is a biodegradable film former. Maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters is commercially available as Softhance™ MR from Ashland, Inc.

[0034] Maleated soybean oil is a modified soybean oil wherein some of the unsaturation has been converted to a cyclic dicarboxylic acid. Octyldodecanol is a liquid fatty alcohol that may be used in personal care composition as an emollient and solvent. In certain embodiments, the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters may have the following chemical formula:

[0035] The maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters may be present in the personal care compositions disclosed herein in any amount effective to deposit the at least one topically active compound onto the skin of the user. In certain embodiment, the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters are present in the personal care composition in an amount of less than about 1 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition. For example, in certain embodiments, the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters are present in the personal care composition in an amount of about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, such as from about 0.005 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%; from about 0.001 wt% to about 0.8 wt%, such as from about 0.005 wt% to about 0.8 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 0.8 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 0.8 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 0.8 wt%; 0.001 wt% to about 0.6 wt%, such as from about 0.005 wt% to about 0.6 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 0.6 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 0.6 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 0.6 wt%; 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, such as from about 0.005 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%; 0.001 wt% to about 0.4 wt%, such as from about 0.005 wt% to about 0.4 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 0.4 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 0.4 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 0.4 wt%; 0.001 wt% to about 0.3 wt%, such as from about 0.005 wt% to about 0.3 wt%, about 0.01 wt% toabout 0.3 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 0.3 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 0.3 wt%; 0.001 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, such as from about 0.005 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters are present in the personal care composition in an amount of about 0.001 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, about 0.1 wt%, about 0.2 wt%. about 0.3 wt%, about 0.4 wt%. about 0.5 wt%, about 0.55 wt%, or about 1 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0036] The maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters disclosed herein increase the deposition of at least one topically active compound on the skin when the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester is used in personal care compositions, e.g., skin care compositions. For example, the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester may increase the deposition of the at least one topically active compound on the skin as compared to a personal care composition that does not contain maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters. In certain embodiments, the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester present in an amount of less than 1 wt% may increase the deposition of the at least one topically active compound on the skin as compared to a personal care composition that contains a greater amount of maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters (e.g., greater than about 0.3 wt%, such as greater than about 0.5 wt%, about 0.6 wt%, about 0.7 wt%, about 0.8 wt%, about 0.9 wt%, about 1 wt%, or about 5 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.Topically Active Compounds

[0037] In embodiments of the disclosure, the personal care composition comprises at least one topically active compound for deposition onto the skin. In certain embodiments, the at least one topically active compound is hydrophobic, and in certain embodiments, the at least one topically active compound is hydrophilic. In certain exemplary embodiments, the at least one topically active compound is a vitamin. In certain embodiments, the at least one topically active compound is a vitamin selected from vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the vitamin is vitamin E or a derivative thereof, such as vitamin E acetate or alpha-tocopherol.

[0038] Topically active compounds may encompass a wide range of materials, including antibacterial agents, vitamins, medicaments, fragrance materials, antioxidants, antiperspirant actives, deodorant actives, and other skin-care ingredients. In certain embodiments, the personalcare composition of the present disclosure comprises a vitamin. Illustrative vitamins may be or include, but are not limited to, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, and a combination thereof, hi some embodiments, the composition comprises vitamin E or a derivative thereof, e.g., vitamin E acetate or alpha-tocopherol. In some embodiments, vitamin E may be present in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 1%, e.g., from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, from about 0.05% to about 0.3%, from about 0.05% to about 0.2%, from about 0.05% to about 0.15%, or about 0.1%, by weight based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0039] Vitamin E is a family of four isomers of tocopherols and four isomers of tocotrienols. All eight isomers of vitamin E have a 6-chromanol ring structure and a side chain. The four tocopherols include fully saturated side chains and include alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, betatocopherol. and delta-tocopherol. The four tocotrienols include unsaturated side chains and include alpha-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, beta-tocotrienol, and delta-tocotrienol. As used herein, the term “vitamin E” may refer to any one or more of the eight isomers. For example, as used herein, vitamin E may be or include one or more of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, alpha-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, beta-tocotrienol, delta-tocotrienol, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the vitamin E includes at least one of the four tocopherols. In certain embodiments, the vitamin E includes alpha-tocopherol, and alphatocopherol may make up the major component of the vitamin E. For example, the vitamin E may include alpha-tocopherol in an amount relatively greater than any one or more of the other isomers of vitamin E. In at least one embodiment, the vitamin E includes only alpha-tocopherol or includes substantially only alpha-tocopherol. It should be appreciated that the vitamin E and / or the isomers thereof may be or include natural forms of vitamin E, synthetic forms of vitamin E, or combinations thereof. Any one or more of the isomers of vitamin E may be in the “d” form, the “1” form, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, vitamin E is vitamin E acetate or vitamin E succinate. In some embodiments, vitamin E is vitamin E acetate.

[0040] Vitamin B of the personal care composition may be selected from vitamin B3. The vitamin B3 may have a structure in accordance with the below formula:

[0041] wherein R is -CONH2 (i.e., niacinamide), -COOH (i.e., nicotinic acid) or -CH2OH (i.e., nicotinyl alcohol); a derivative thereof, and / or a salt thereof. The vitamin B may be selected from derivatives of vitamin B.

[0042] Examples of vitamin B3 include those selected from nicotinic acid esters, non-vasodilating esters of nicotinic acid, nicotinyl amino acids, nicotinyl alcohol esters of carboxylic acids (e.g., straight-chain or branched chain, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated (including aromatic), and substituted or unsubstituted, nicotinic acid N-oxide and niacinamide N-oxide, tocopherol nicotinate and inositol hexanicotinate. Examples of derivatives of niacinamide include nicotinyl amino acids, derived, e.g., from the reaction of an activated nicotinic acid compound (e.g., nicotinic acid azide or nicotinyl chloride) with an amino acid, and nicotinyl alcohol esters of organic carboxylic acids (e.g., Ci - Cis). Specific examples of such derivatives include nicotinuric acid and nicotinyl hydroxamic acid, which have the following chemical structures, respectively:0 oII H H2||C - N - c COHNicotinuric acidoII H—N—0HNNicotinyl hydroxamic acid

[0043] Additional derivatives of niacinamide includes nicotinyl alcohol esters, such as nicotinyl alcohol esters of the carboxylic acids, salicylic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, palmitic acid and the like. Further examples of derivatives of niacinamide include 2-chloronicotinamide, 6-aminonicotinamide, 6-methylnicotinamide, n-methyl- nicotinamide, n,n-diethylnicotinamide, n-(hydroxymethyl)-nicotinamide, quinolinic acid imide, nicotinanilide, n-benzylnicotinamide, n-ethylnicotinamide, nifenazone, nicotinaldehyde, isonicotinic acid, methyl isonicotinic acid, thionicotinamide, nialamide, l-(3-pyridylmethyl) urea, 2-mercaptonicotinic acid, nicomol, niaprazine, and combinations thereof.

[0044] In at least one embodiment, the personal care composition includes one or more vitamin B comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of niacinamide.

[0045] Vitamin C may be ascorbic acid or derivatives thereof. Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers commonly denoted “1” (for “levo”) and “d” (for “dextro”). The “1” isomer is the one most often encountered. Ascorbic acid is also referred to as L(+)-ascorbic acid or 1-ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid derivatives may be or include, but are not limited to, L-ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate, calcium 1-ascorbate dihydrate, magnesium ascorbate, potassium ascorbate, magnesium L-ascorbyl phosphate (also referred to as magnesium ascorbate phosphate or ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt), L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate, (+) sodium L-ascorbate, dehydro-l-(+)-ascorbic acid dimer, sodium ascorbyl phosphate (also referred to as ascorbic acid phosphate sodium salt, sodium l-ascorbyl phosphate, 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium salt or sodium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate), ascorbic acid-2-glucoside, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl stearate, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, ascorbyl 6-palmitate, calcium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate, ascorbyl propionate, ascorbyl stearate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ethyl ascorbyl ether, ascorbyl ethyl silanol pectinate, or the like, or combinations thereof.

[0046] Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and many other biological effects. The two major forms are vitamin D2 or ergocalciferol, and vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol. Vitamin D includes vitamin Di (mixture of molecular compounds of ergocalciferol with lumisterol), vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), vitamin D4 (22-dihydroergocalciferol), and vitamin D5 (sitocalciferol).

[0047] Vitamin K is a group of compounds with a common chemical structure of 2-methy 1-1,4- naphthoquinone. Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and regulating blood calcium levels. Vitamin K includes vitamin Ki (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone). Vitamin K2 have unsaturated isoprenyl side chains and are designated as MK-4 through MK-13, based on the length of their side chain.

[0048] The at least one active compound may be present in the personal care composition in any amount effective to obtain the desired activity of the at least one active compound. In certain embodiments, the at least one active compound is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 1%, such as from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, fromabout 0.05% to about 0.3%, from about 0.05% to about 0.2%, from about 0.05% to about 0.15%, or about 0.1%, by weight based on a total weight of the personal care composition.Surfactant System

[0049] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition disclosed herein comprises a surfactant system. Any surfactant or combination of surfactants known in the art may be used in various embodiments of the disclosure. In certain embodiments, the surfactant system includes one or more of an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or combinations thereof. In at least one implementation, the surfactant system includes at least one anionic surfactant, at least one non-ionic surfactant, and at least one zwitterionic surfactant.

[0050] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition comprises at least one anionic surfactant. In at least one implementation, the anionic surfactant includes one or more of sodium lauryl ether sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium C12-C14 olefin sulfonate, sodium laureth-6 carboxylate, sodium C12-C15 pareth sulfate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, triethanolamine monolauryl phosphate, or combinations thereof, preferably the anionic surfactant comprises sodium laureth sulfate (SLES).

[0051] The at least one anionic surfactant may be present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 20 wt%, such as from about 2 wt% to about 16 wt%, about 4 wt% to about 14 wt%, about 5 wt % to about 10 wt%, about 6 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 7 wt% to about 8 wt%, or about 8 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0052] In certain embodiments, the surfactant system comprises at least one non-ionic surfactant. As used herein, “nonionic surfactant” generally refers to compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or alkyl-aromatic in nature. Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include poloxamers, Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, products derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine, ethylene oxide condensates of aliphatic alcohols, alkyl polyglycosides (for example, fatty alcohol ethers of polyglycosides, such as fatty alcohol ethers of poly glucosides, e.g., decyl, lauryl, capryl, caprylyl, myristyl, stearyl and other ethers of glucose and polyglucoside polymers, including mixed ethers such as capryl / caprylyl (Cs-io) glucoside, coco (Cs-ie) glucoside, and lauryl (C12-16) glucoside), long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides, long chain dialkyl sulfoxides, and mixtures of such materials.

[0053] In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant comprises amine oxides, fatty acid amides, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, block copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, glycerol alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene glycol octylphenol ethers, sorbitan alkyl esters, polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters, and mixtures thereof. Examples of amine oxides include, but are not limited to, laurylamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide, myristylamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide, and mixtures thereof. Examples of fatty acid amides include, but are not limited to, cocomonoethanolamide, lauramide monoethanolamide, cocodiethanolamide, and mixtures thereof.

[0054] In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant may comprise an alkyl glucoside. Alkyl glucoside is a compound produced by combining a sugar such as glucose with a fatty alcohol. Alkyl refers to unbranched or branched carbon chain. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is unbranched. The alkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is saturated.

[0055] Alkyl glucoside may be Cs-25 alkyl glucoside, e.g„ Cs-is alkyl glucoside, C10-18 alkyl glucoside or Cio-16 alkyl glucoside. In some embodiments, the alkyl glucoside is selected from decyl glucoside, caprylyl / capryl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, coco-glucoside, octyl glucoside, cetearyl glucoside, cetyl glucoside, hexadecyl glucoside, arachidyl glucoside, and a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the alkyl glucoside is selected from decyl glucoside, caprylyl / capryl glucoside and a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of caprylyl / capryl glucoside to decyl glucoside present in the composition is 2 to 1 or 4 to 1, e.g., about 3 to 1.

[0056] In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant may comprise a non-ionic block copolymer. The non-ionic block copolymer may be a polypropylene oxide) / poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. In some embodiments, the copolymer has a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of from 3000 to 5000 g / mol and a polyoxyethylene content of from 60 to 80 mol%. In some embodiments, the non-ionic block copolymer is a poloxamer. In some embodiments, the non-ionic block copolymer is selected from: Poloxamer 338, Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer, 237, Poloxamer, 217, Poloxamer 124,Poloxamer 184, Poloxamer 185, and a combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the copolymer is Poloxamer 407.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the nonionic surfactant is cocomonoethanolamide. In certain embodiments, the nonionic surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 5.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 2.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 0.6 wt%, about 0.2 wt% to about 0.4 wt%, about 0.2 wt%, or about 0.5 wt%.

[0058] In at least one implementation, the zwitterionic surfactant comprises one or more of a betaine, a sultaine, an amino propionate, or combinations thereof. In at least one implementation, the betaine includes one or more of imidazoline-based betaines, alkyl dimethyl aminoacetic acid betaines, fatty acid amide propyl betaines, sulfobetaines, or combinations thereof, preferably, the betaine includes fatty acid amide propyl betaines, more preferably, the betaine includes cocamidopropyl betaine. In certain embodiments, the zwitterionic surfactant comprises cocamidopropyl betaine.

[0059] The at least one zwitterionic surfactant may be present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 20 wt%, such as from about 2 wt% to about 16 wt%, about 4 wt% to about 14 wt%, about 5 wt % to about 10 wt%, about 6 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 7 wt% to about 8 wt%, or about 8 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

[0060] In at least one implementation, the surfactant system (for example comprising at least one anionic surfactant, at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one zwitterionic surfactant) is present in an amount of from about 5 wt% to less than 25 wt%, preferably about 8 wt% to about 20 wt%, more preferably about 12 wt% to about 18 wt % or from about 15 wt% to about 17 wt %, based on the total weight of the personal care composition.

[0061] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition is free or substantially free of SLS. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition is free or substantially free of any one of alkyl sulfate salts, e.g., C1-25 alkyl sulfate salts, and / or alkyl aryl sulfonate salts, e.g., C1-25 alkyl aryl sulfonate salts, e.g., alkyl benzene sulfonate salts, e.g., sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.

[0062] As used herein, “substantially free” of a material refers to a composition where the material is present in an amount of less than about 0.1 wt%, such as less than about 0.05 wt%, less than about 0.01 wt%, less than about 0.005 wt%, less than about 0.001 wt%, or less than about 0.0001wt%, based on a total weight of the composition. Tn certain embodiments, “substantially free” of a material indicates that the material is not present in any detectable amount in the composition.

[0063] According to certain embodiments disclosed herein, the personal care composition is a rinse-off composition. As used herein, the term “rinse-off’ indicates that the composition is applied to the user’s skin and / or hair, and then after a certain period of time, subsequently rinsed from the user’s skin and / or hair, e.g.. by using water to rinse the personal care composition off of the user. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition is a liquid soap, such as a liquid facial soap, a liquid hand soap, a shower gel, or body wash; a shampoo; or a hair conditioner.

[0064] Also disclosed herein are personal care composition according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein for use in increasing the deposition of an active compound (e.g., a vitamin) on the skin of a subject, wherein the personal care composition comprises maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters and at least one topically active compound.

[0065] Many personal care products incorporate oil such as sunflower seed oil, which may provide more “creme like” appearance and / or other benefits. The addition of sunflower seed oil may cause a previously homogenous mixture to become an oil-in-water emulsion. In some embodiments, the personal care composition comprises an oil selected from sunflower seed oil, olive oil, shear butter, jojoba oil, almond oil, grape seed oil, rose hip seed oil, mink oil, castor oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, and a combination thereof.

[0066] In some embodiments, the personal care composition comprises a thickener. In some embodiments, the thickener comprises a gum, optionally selected from xantban gum, carrageenan gum, and a combination thereof.

[0067] In some embodiments, the personal care composition comprises a humectant, optionally wherein the humectant is selected from glycerin, sorbitol, and a combination thereof. In certain preferred embodiments, the humectant is glycerin.

[0068] In some embodiments, the personal care composition comprises water.

[0069] In some embodiments, the personal care composition further comprises an antiperspirant active, a deodorant active, a gelling agent, an antioxidant, an antibacterial agent, a fragrance, or a combination thereof.

[0070] In some embodiments of the personal care composition disclosed herein, the personal care composition results in a deposition of the topically active compound (e.g., vitamin E or a derivative thereof) on the skin of the user after rinse-off of at least about 0.01 iig / cm2, such as from about0.05 pg / cm2, or at least about 0.1 pg / cm2to about 2 pg / cm2, e.g., from about 0.1 pg / cm2to about 1 pg / cm2, from about 0.1 pg / cm2to about 0.8 pg / cm2, from about 0.1 pg / cm2to about 0.5 pg / cm2, from about 0.2 pg / cm2to about 0.8 pg / cm2, or from about 0.2 pg / cm2to about 0.5 pg / cm2. The amount of deposition may be measured by any method known in the art. In certain embodiments, the amount of deposition of an active compound may be measured using the methods disclosed in the Examples reported herein.

[0071] The composition of the present disclosure may be any type of personal care composition. In certain embodiments, the composition is any composition that can be formulated into topical skin care formulations suitable for application to skin. Examples of such compositions include, but are not limited to, skin care compositions (e.g., facial skin care compositions), antiperspirants, deodorants, body washes, creams, shower gels, bar soaps, shampoo, hair conditioners, and cosmetics. In some embodiments, the composition is a rinse-off product (liquid soap, liquid hand soap, shower gel, body wash, shampoo, or hair conditioner, etc.). The personal care composition can comprise a single phase or can be a multi-phase system, for example a system comprising a polar phase and an oil phase, optionally in the form of a stable emulsion. The personal care composition can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid. The formulation can be provided in any suitable container such as an aerosol can, tube or container with a porous cap, roll-on container, bottle, container with an open end, etc.

[0072] Water may be present in the personal care compositions disclosed herein. Water employed in the preparation of commercial personal care compositions should be deionized and free of organic impurities. Water commonly makes up the balance of the compositions and includes about 10% to about 90%, or about 10% to about 80%. by weight based on a total weight of the personal care compositions. This amount of water includes the free water which is added plus that amount which is introduced with other materials such as glycerin, sorbitol, or any components of the disclosure.

[0073] In certain embodiments, the personal care composition comprises at least one pH adjuster, such as at least two pH adjusters. The pH adjusters of the present disclosure comprise any known pH adjuster used in the art, including but not limited to lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, and citric acid. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition comprises lactic acid, and in certain embodiments, the personal care composition comprises citric acid.

[0074] Tn some embodiments the disclosure provides a personal care composition comprising an antibacterial agent. The antibacterial agent of the disclosure may, for example, be lactic acid and / or citric acid.

[0075] Optional ingredients that may be included in the personal care composition of the disclosure include solvents; water-soluble alcohols such as C2 x alcohols including ethanol; glycols including propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and mixtures thereof; glycerides including mono-, di- and triglycerides; medium to long chain organic acids, alcohols and esters; surfactants including emulsifying and dispersing agents; amino acids including glycine; structurants including thickeners and gelling agents, for example polymers, silicates and silicon dioxide; emollients; fragrances; and colorants including dyes and pigments.

[0076] The personal care composition may optionally contain additional skin emollients in any desired amount to achieve a desired emollient effect, in addition to the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters. Emollients are known in the art and are used to impart a soothing effect on the skin. Non-volatile emollients are preferable. Classes of non-volatile emollients include non-silicone and silicone emollients. Non-volatile, non-silicone emollients include C12-15 alkyl benzoate. The non-volatile silicone material can be a polyethersiloxane, polyalkyarylsiloxane or polyethersiloxane copolymer. An illustrative non-volatile silicone material is phenyl trimethicone. Examples include, but are not limited to, PPG- 14 butyl ether, PPG-3 myristyl ether, secondary alcohol ethoxylates, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid and salts thereof, glyceryl monoricinoleate, isobutyl palmitate, glyceryl monostearate, isocetyl stearate, sulphated tallow, oleyl alcohol, propylene glycol, isopropyl laurate, mink oil, sorbitan stearate, cetyl alcohol, hydrogenated castor oil, stearyl stearate, hydrogenated soy glycerides, isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, dimethyl brassylate, decyl oleate, diisopropyl adipate, n-dibutyl sebacate, diisopropyl sebacate, 2-ethyl hexyl palmitate, isononyl isononanoate, isodecyl isononanoate, isotridecyl isononanoate, 2-ethyl hexyl palmitate, 2-ethyl hexyl stearate. Di-(2-ethyl hexyl)adipate), Dimethyl hexyl) succinate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, octacosanol, butyl stearate, glyceryl monostearate, polyethylene glycols, oleic acid, triethylene glycol, lanolin, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, acetylated lanolin alcohols, acetylated lanolin, petrolatum, isopropyl ester of lanolin, fatty acids, mineral oils, butyl myristate, isostearic acid, palmitic acid, PEG-23 oleyl ether, olelyl oleate, isopropyl linoleate, cetyl lactate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, quatemised hydroxy alkyl, aminogluconate, vegetable oils, isodecyl oleate, isostearylneopentanoate, myristyl myristate, oleyl ethoxy myristate, diglycol stearate, ethylene glycol monostearate, myristyl stearate, isopropyl lanolate, paraffin waxes, glycyrrhizic acid, hydrocyethyl stearate amide. In some embodiments, the personal care composition comprises an oil selected from sunflower seed oil, olive oil, shear butter, jojoba oil, almond oil, grape seed oil, rose hip seed oil, mink oil, castor oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, and a combination thereof.

[0077] The personal care composition disclosed herein may include one or more humectants. Humectants can reduce evaporation and also contribute towards preservation by lowering water activity. Illustrative humectants may be or include, but are not limited to, glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, xylitol, or the like, or any mixture or combination thereof. In some embodiments, the humectant is selected from glycerin, sorbitol and a combination thereof. In certain embodiments the humectant is glycerin.

[0078] The compositions disclosed herein may include thickeners. Illustrative thickeners may be or include, but are not limited to, colloidal silica, fumed silica, a cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or the like, or mixtures or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the thickening system includes a cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. Illustrative thickeners may also be or include, but are not limited to, carbomers (e.g., carboxyvinyl polymers), carrageenans (e.g., Irish moss, carrageenan gum, iota-carrageenan, etc.), high molecular weight polyethylene glycols, cellulosic polymers, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and salts thereof (e.g., CMC sodium), natural gums (e.g., karaya, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and tragacanth), colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, or the like, or mixtures or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the thickener comprises or is a gum, optionally selected from xanthan gum, carrageenan, and a combination thereof.

[0079] The personal care composition may comprise antiperspirant actives. The additional active antiperspirant ingredient may be selected from aluminum salts, zirconium salts and zinc salts. In some embodiment, the personal care composition may comprise an aluminum containing antiperspirant active. Any of the known aluminum containing antiperspirant active materials can be utilized in the composition. Aluminum containing antiperspirant actives include, but are not limited to, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrex polyethylene glycol, aluminum chlorohydrex propylene glycol, aluminum dichlorohydrate , aluminum dichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol, aluminum dichlorohydrex propylene glycol, aluminumsesquichlorohydrate, aluminum, sesquichlorohydrate polyethylene glycol, and aluminum sesquichlorohydrate propylene glycol.

[0080] The personal care composition may include any known deodorant active. Examples of deodorant actives include, but are not limited to, antimicrobial actives, alcohols, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (Triclosan), benzethonium chloride, polyhexamethylene biguanides, triethylcitrate, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP), cetyl- trimethylammomium bromide, cetyl pyridinium chloride, famesol (3,7, 1 1-trimethyl -2,6,10- dodecatrien-l-ol), N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (Triclocarban), silver halides, octoxyglycerin (Sensiva™ SC 50) and various zinc salts (for example, zinc ricinoleate), bactericides, and / or bacteriostats. The deodorant active can be included in the composition in an amount of 0 to about 5%, or from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Triclosan can be included in an amount of about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight, of the total weight of the composition.

[0081] Gelling agents may be included in the personal care composition disclosed herein. Examples of gelling agents include, but are not limited to, waxes, esters of fatty acid and fatty alcohol, triglycerides, partially or fully hydrogenated soybean oil, partially or fully hydrogenated castor oil, other partial or fully hydrogenated plant oils, stearyl alcohol, or other cosmetically acceptable materials, which are solid or semi-solid at room temperature and provide a consistency suitable for application to the skin.

[0082] Antioxidants may be added to the personal care composition, for example to act as ingredient protectants and for maintenance of long-term stability of the composition. Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to citric acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, and pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate.

[0083] The personal care compositions disclosed herein may also contain polymeric materials for thickening, such as polyamides, cellulose derivatives (e.g., hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, etc.) and natural or synthetic gums, such as polyglycerides including agar, agarose, pectin, or guars or mixtures or combinations thereof. One class of materials worthy of attention for thickening a water-immiscible phase comprises derivatives of hydrolysed starch or other polysaccharides, including in particular esterified dextrins, such as dextrin palmitate. A further class of polymers that is particularly directed to structuring an oil phase containing a silicone oil comprises polysiloxane elastomers. Suspending agents such as silicas or clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite or hectorite, including those available under thetrademark BENTONE® can also be employed to thicken liquid compositions according to the disclosure. The personal care composition can be thickened with non-polymeric organic gellants, including selected dibenzylidene alditols (e.g., dibenzylidene sorbitol).

[0084] Fragrance may be included in the personal care composition disclosed herein. Any fragrance suitable for personal care use may be incorporated into the personal care composition of the disclosure. Fragrances tend to be relatively volatile aromatic compounds that are capable of entering the gas phase at skin surface temperature.

[0085] The personal care compositions disclosed herein should be of a suitable viscosity. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition discloses herein has a viscosity of from about 1,000 to 20,000 centipoise (cP), about 2,000 to 15,000 cP, about 5,000 to 12,000 cP, or about 8,000 to about 11,000 cP, including all values in between these ranges, at 25 °C using Brookfield viscometer and a spindle no. 5. In some embodiments, the personal care composition is a body wash having a viscosity of from about 2,000 to about 20,000 cP, as measured using Brookfield viscometer spindle no. 5 at rpm 20. In other embodiments, the personal care composition is a body lotion having a viscosity of greater than about 15,000 cP, as measured using Brookfield viscometer spindle no. 93 at rpm 10. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition has a viscosity of from about 2,000 to about 20,000 cP, or about 3,000 to about 16,000 cP, or about 4,000 to about 12,000 cP, including all values in between these ranges, including all values in between these ranges, at room temperature using a Brookfield viscometer and a spindle no. 3 or spindle no. 5.

[0086] The personal care compositions of the disclosure may be manufactured using methods known in the art. Typically, the ingredients are combined and optionally heated where components need to be melted. The components are mixed. In certain embodiments, volatile materials such as fragrant materials are incorporated in the composition in the latter stages of a mixing cycle in order to avoid volatilization thereof. After mixing, the composition may be poured directly into the dispensers and the container capped to preserve the product until use.

[0087] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of depositing a topically active compound on the skin, comprising applying an effective amount of any of the personal care compositions disclosed herein to the skin. In certain embodiments, the method further comprises rinsing the personal care composition off of the skin, e.g., with water, after application. In certain embodiments, the personal care composition may be rinsed off immediately after application, andin certain embodiments, the personal care composition may be rinsed off at least about 5 seconds after application, such as at least about 10 seconds, at least about 15 seconds, at least about 20 seconds, at least about 25 seconds, at least about 30 seconds, at least about 35 seconds, at least about 40 seconds, at least about 45 seconds, at least about 50 seconds, at least about 55 seconds, or at least about 60 seconds, such as from about 5 seconds to about 60 seconds, about 5 seconds to about 45 seconds, or about 5 seconds to about 30 seconds after application, or any time period there in between.

[0088] In another aspect, the disclosure provides the use of maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters, e.g., Softhance™ MR skin emollient, in a personal care composition comprising at least one topically active compound, e.g., at least one vitamin, for example vitamin E or niacinamide or derivatives thereof, for increasing the deposition of the at least one topically active compound on the skin when applying the composition to the skin.

[0089] In certain embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the method enhances deposition of the at least one topically active compound to the skin by at least about 0.01 pg / cm2. such as at least about 0.05 pg / cm2, at least about 0.1 pg / cm2, at least about 0.2 pg / cm2, about 0.3 pg / cm2, about 0.4 pg / cm2, or at least about 0.5 pg / cm2, for example as compared to a composition that does not contain maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters or a composition that contains more maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters than the personal care composition disclosed herein. In certain embodiments of the methods disclosed herein, the composition that contains more maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters than the personal care composition disclosed herein contains at least about 0.1 wt% maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters, such as at least about 0.2 wt%, at least about 0.3 wt%, at least about 0.4 wt%, at least about 0.5 wt%, at least about 0.6 wt%, at least about 0.7 wt%, at least about 0.8 wt%, at least about 0.9 wt%, at least about 1 wt%, at least about 1.5 wt%, at least about 2 wt%, or at least about 5 wt% maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.EXAMPLESExample 1 - Deposition of Vitamin E Acetate

[0090] To evaluate vitamin E deposition on the skin using rinse-off formulations, vitamin E acetate was incorporated into various formulations prepared comprising varying amounts ofmaleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester (Softhance™) as shown below in Table 1. Each prototype composition was formulated to produce a final concentration of about 0.1% vitamin E acetate.

[0091] Table 1 - Prototype compositions containing varying amounts of Softhance™CompositionIngredient A B c D E F Maleated soybean oilglyceryl / octyldodecanol— 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.55% 1.0% ester and glycerin(Softhance™)Glycerin 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Vitamin E acetate 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% SLES 8-10% 8-10% 8-10% 8-10% 8-10% 8-10% Cocamidopropyl betaine 8-11% 8-11% 8-11% 8-11% 8-11% 8-11% Cocomonoethanolamide 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% Other (salts, preservatives,pH adjusters, fragrances, 2-3% 2-3% 2-3% 2-3% 2-3% 2-3% seqeustrants)DI water QS QS QS QS QS QSTotal: 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

[0092] The vitamin E acetate deposition test was performed as follows: deposition studies were conducted on 2 inch by 2 inch pieces of porcine back skin with the subcutaneous fat removed, with either four or six pieces of skin per sample, depending on the study. Warm water (100 °F) at a flow rate of 6 L / min was used. First, the skin was wetted for five seconds. Then, 50 pL of the appropriate product was added to the skin and rubbed on for 10 seconds. The skin was then allowed to rest for 90 seconds and then rinsed off with water for 15 seconds. After letting the skin air dry for 5 minutes, a glass cup (3 cm diameter) was applied to the surface of the skin. 3 mL of ethanol was applied within the cup, rubbed for 30 seconds with a glass rod, and then extracted into a labeled scintillation vial. This was repeated once more, for a total of 6 mL of extracted ethanol. The samples were left to air dry. Afterwards, samples were re-solubilized in either 2 mL of methanol and filtered into an HPLC vial. The samples were then run on the HPLC for quantification of the appropriate active (vitamin E acetate). The entire experiment was conducted twice to ensure reproducibility among observed trends.

[0093] As shown in FIGS. 1 (Trial 1) and 2 (Trial 2), all of the formulations containing maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester tested delivered some quantifiable level of active to the skin, and all improved deposition of vitamin E acetate as compared to the control composition that did not contain any maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester. The results are shown in Table 2 below.Table 2 - Deposition of Vitamin E AcetateTrial 1 Trial 2Composition Vit. E acetate Vit. E acetatedeposited (jig / cm2) deposited (pg / cm2)No maleated soybean oil 0.02 ± 0.006 0.03 + 0.01 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.1% maleated soybean oil 0.15 + 0.02 0.16 + 0.04 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.2% maleated soybean oil 0.095 ± 0.006 0.14 ± 0.006 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.3% maleated soybean oil 0.12 ± 0.04 0.13 ± 0.02 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.55% maleated soybean oil 0.11 + 0.02 0.10 ± 0.01 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester1.0% maleated soybean oil 0.09 + 0.007 0.12 ± 0.02glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester

[0094] The p-values calculated for the deposition studies for each composition are shown below in Table 3 (Trial 1) and Table 4 (Trial 2).Table 3 - P-values for Vitamin E Acetate Deposition Data Study, Trial 1Added maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester T-testsNone 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.55% 1.0% Maleated None — 2.12E-05 1.56E-6 0.002 8.87E-05 3.22E-06 soybean oil 0.1% — -- 0.003 0.332 0.020 0.002 glyceryl / 0.2% — -- -- 0.209 0.304 0.458 octyldodecanol0.3% — -- -- —ester 0.433 0.1670.55% — -- -- — — 0.1911.0% — -- -- — — —Table 4 - P-values for Vitamin E Acetate Deposition Data Study, Trial 2Added maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester T-testsNone 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.55% 1.0%None — 0.001 2.37E-06 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002Maleated 0.1% — — 0.294 0.178 0.018 0.079 soybean oil 0.2% — — -- 0.345 0.0005 0.063 glyceryl / 0.3% — — -- — 0.031 0.395 octyldodecanol0.55% — — -- — — ester 0.1401.0% — — -- — — —

[0095] Additionally the viscosities of certain formulations was measured (Spindle #5, 20 rpm, 25 °C), noting that as the amount of Softhance™ increased, the viscosity decreased. For the prototype containing no Softhance™, the viscosity was 14,600 cP. For the prototype containing 0.3% Softhance™, the viscosity was 11,040 cP; for the prototype containing 0.55% Softhance™, the viscosity was 8,480, and for the prototype containing 1.0% Softhance™, the viscosity was 2,680.

[0096] As shown, samples with no Softhance™ deposited relatively low amounts of vitamin E acetate. Although all samples with Softhance™ deposited significantly higher (p<0.01) levels of vitamin E acetate compared to the sample with no Softhance™. the sample with the lowest level of Softhance™ (0.1%) deposited the highest level of vitamin E acetate. Furthermore, going from 0.1% Softhance™ to 1.0% Softhance™, there was a mild “reverse dosing” effect, in which higher levels of Softhance™ led to lower levels of deposited of vitamin E acetate compared to the sample with 0.1% Softhance™.

[0097] Based on the results, additional experiments were conducted to evaluated the ability of even lower concentrations of maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester (0.05 wt%) to enhance deposition of an active ingredient on the skin. Accordingly, an additional prototype formulation G and was prepared as shown below in Table 5.

[0098] Table 5 - Additional prototype composition containing 0.05 wt% Softhance™CompositionIngredient A GMaleated soybean oilglyceryl / octyldodecanol— 0.05%ester and glycerin(Softhance™)Glycerin 1% 1%Vitamin E acetate 0.10% 0.10%SLES 8-10% 8-10%Cocamidopropyl betaine 8-11% 8-11%Cocomonoethanolamide 0.5% 0.5%Other (salts, preservatives,pH adjusters, fragrances, 2-3% 2-3%seqeustrants)DI water QS QSTotal: 100% 100%

[0099] The vitamin E acetate deposition test was performed as described above, and the results are shown in FIG. 3 (Trial 3) and FIG. 4 (Trial 4).

[0100] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, all of the formulations containing maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester tested delivered some quantifiable level of active to the skin, and all improved deposition of vitamin E acetate as compared to the control composition that did not contain any maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester. The results are shown in Table 6 below.Table 6 - Deposition of Vitamin E AcetateTrial 3 Trial 4Composition Vit. E acetate Vit. E acetatedeposited (jag / cin2) deposited (pg / cm2)No maleated soybean oil 0.02 ± 0.009 0.007 ± 0.002 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.05% maleated soybean oil 0.21 ± 0.09 0.11 ± 0.07 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.1% maleated soybean oil 0.14 + 0.03 0.10 ± 0.04 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.2% maleated soybean oil 0.14 + 0.02 0.04 ± 0.007 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.3% maleated soybean oil 0.11 ± 0.01 0.05 ± 0.006 glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester0.55% maleated soybean oil 0.12 ± 0.04 0.08 ± 0.05glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester

[0101] The p-values calculated for the deposition studies for each composition are shown below in Table 7 (Trial 3) and Table 8 (Trial 4).Table 7 - P-values for Vitamin E Acetate Deposition Data Study, Trial 3Added maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester T-testsNone 0.05% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.55% Maleated None — 0.008 0.0003 5.01E-05 1.46E-05 0.004 soybean oil 0.05%— -- 0.228 0.218 0.096 0.1231125407-00-WG-01-PCglyceryl / 0.1% — -- -- 1 0.144 0.349 octyldodecanol 0.2% — -- -- — 0.064 0.303 ester0.3% — -- -- — — 0.9370.55% — -- -- — — —Table 8 - P-values for Vitamin E Acetate Deposition Data Study, Trial 4Added maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol ester T-testsNone 0.05% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.55% Maleated None — 0.022 0.006 0.0001 1.38E-5 0.032 soybean oil 0.05% — — 0.715 0.077 0.109 0.435 glyceryl / 0.1% — — -- 0.037 0.062 0.565 octyldodecanol0.2% — — -- —ester 0.111 0.1840.3% — — -- — — 0.2900.55% — — -- — — —

[0102] Like the results shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, there is a similar trend with respect to the concentration of Softhance™, with the samples containing 0.05% Softhance™ depositing the highest levels of vitamin E acetate. While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is possible that at higher levels, Softhance™ will cause decreases in formula viscosity. Because of this, any positive deposition-boosting effect of Softhance™ at higher concentrations may be negated by the decrease in viscosity, where less viscosity will in general result in lower levels of active deposition. At low enough levels (i.e., 0.05 and 0.1% Softhance™), there is enough Softhance™ to positively boost active deposition but not enough to lower viscosity to a level that deleteriously affects active deposition of an active ingredient.Example 2 - Deposition of Alpha-Tocopherol and Niacinamide

[0103] Further experiments were conducted to determine whether maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters could enhance the deposition of other active ingredients, including alpha-tocopherol (hydrophobic) and niacinamide (water soluble), on the skin. Accordingly, a prototype composition was prepared containing 0.1% Softhance™ and 0.1% alpha-tocopherol, and a second prototype composition was prepared containing 0.1 Softhance™ and 0.3% niacinamide, as shown below in Table 9. Control compositions containing 1% alpha-tocopherol or 0.3% niacinamine without Softhance™ were also prepared. A higher active level was used due to the highly hydrophilic / water soluble nature of niacinamide, which would indicate that a muchlower percentage of the active would deposit on the skin compared to highly hydrophobic actives like vitamin E acetate or alpha tocopherol.

[0104] Table 9 - Prototype compositions containing Alpha-TocopherolCompositionIngredient H I J KMaleated soybean oilglyceryl / octyldodecanol— 0.1% — 0.1%ester and glycerin(Softhance™)Glycerin 1% 1% 1% 1%D-alpha tocopherol 0.10% 0.10% — -- Niacinamide -- — 0.3% 0.3%SLES 8-10% 8-10% 8-10% 8-10%Cocamidopropyl betaine 8-11% 8-11% 8-11% 8-11% Cocomonoethanolamide 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5%Other (salts, preservatives.pH adjusters, fragrances, 2-3% 2-3% 2-3% 2-3%seqeustrants)DI water QS QS QS QSTotal: 100% 100% 100% 100%

[0105] The alpha- tocopherol and niacinamide deposition tests were performed as follows: deposition studies were conducted on 2 inch by 2 inch pieces of porcine back skin with the subcutaneous fat removed, with either four or six pieces of skin per sample, depending on the study. Warm water (100 °F) at a flow rate of 6 L / min was used. First, the skin was wetted for five seconds. Then, 50 pL of the appropriate product was added to the skin and rubbed on for 10 seconds. The skin was then allowed to rest for 90 seconds and then rinsed off with water for 15 seconds. After letting the skin air dry for 5 minutes, a glass cup (3 cm diameter) was applied to the surface of the skin. 3 mL of ethanol was applied within the cup, rubbed for 30 seconds with a glass rod. and then extracted into a labeled scintillation vial. This was repeated once more, for a total of 6 mL of extracted ethanol. The samples were left to air dry. Afterwards, samples were resolubilized in either 2 mL of methanol (for alpha tocopherol) or 2 mL of a 9 / 1 mixture of acetonitrile / water (for niacinamide) and filtered into an HPLC vial. The samples were then run on the HPLC for quantification of the appropriate active (alpha tocopherol, or niacinamide). The1125407-00-WG-01-PCentire experiment was conducted twice for each active to ensure reproducibility among observed trends.

[0106] As shown in FIGS. 5 (Trial 1) and 6 (Trial 2), the addition of 0.1% Softhance™ increased the deposition of alpha-tocopherol 3-4 fold. Despite the relatively large error bar for the samples with Softhance™, there was a high level of statistical significance for each of FIGS. 5 and 6 (p<0.05 for FIG. 5 and p<0.10 for FIG. 6).

[0107] Likewise, as shown in FIGS. 7 (Trial 1) and 8 (Trial 2), the addition of 0.1% Softhance™ increased the deposition of niacinamide. The results are shown in Table 10 below. Compared to the deposition studies conducted with vitamin E acetate or alpha-tocopherol, addition of Softhance™ leads to a more modest increase in deposited niacinamide. Furthermore, the statistical significance is not as strong compared to the samples with vitamin E acetate or alpha-tocopherol (p~0.34 for FIG.7 and p<0.10 for FIG. 8). This indicates that while Softhance™ can lead to modest directional improvement in the deposition of hydrophilic / water- soluble actives, the effect may not be as strong compared to what was observed for hydrophobic actives like vitamin E acetate and alpha-tocopherol.Table 10 - Deposition of Alpha-Tocopherol and NiacinamideTrial 1 Tria 2Active ActiveCompositiondeposited P-Value deposited P-Value (pg / cm2) (pg / cm2)0.1% alpha-tocopherol 0.02 + 0.01 0.028 + 0.0060.1% maleated soybean oilglyceryl / octyldodecanol 0.026 0.0620.069 + 0.044 0.08 + 0.06ester + 0.1% alphatocopherol0.3% niacinamide 0.26 + 0.09 0.16 + 0.030.1% maleated soybean oil0.34 0.054 glyceryl / octyldodecanol 0.41 + 0.34 0.20 ± 0.04ester + 0.3% niacinamide

[0108] The present disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments. Although a limited number of embodiments have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the presentdisclosure be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A personal care composition comprising maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters and at least one topically active compound, wherein the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters are in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on a total weight of personal care composition.

2. The personal care composition according to claim 1, wherein the maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters are present in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% or from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

3. The personal care composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one topically active compound is selected from hydrophobic compounds.

4. The personal care composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one topically active compound is selected from hydrophilic compounds.

5. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one topically active compound is a vitamin.

6. The personal care composition according to claim 5, wherein the vitamin is selected from vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, and derivatives and combinations thereof.

7. The personal care composition of claim 6, wherein the vitamin is vitamin E or a derivative thereof.

8. The personal care composition of claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the vitamin is vitamin E acetate.

9. The personal care composition of claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the vitamin is alphatocopherol.

10. The personal care composition of claim 6, wherein the vitamin is vitamin B or a derivative thereof.

11. The personal care composition of claim 6 or claim 10, wherein the vitamin is niacinamide.

12. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the topically active compound is present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%, such as from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.3 wt% or about 0.1 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

13. The personal care composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a surfactant system.

14. The personal care composition of claim 13. wherein the surfactant system comprises at least one anionic surfactant, at least one non-ionic surfactant, and at least one zwitterionic surfactant.

15. The personal care composition of claim 14, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is selected from sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SEES), preferably SLES.

16. The personal care composition of claim 14 or 15, wherein the at least one zwitterionic surfactant is selected from a betaine, such as cocamidopropyl betaine.

17. The personal care composition according to any one of claims 14-16. wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant is cocomonoethanolamine.

18. The personal care composition of any one of claims 14-17, wherein the at least one anionic surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% toabout 15 wt%, such as from about 5 wt% to about 10 wt% or from about 8 wt% to about 9 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

19. The personal care composition of any one of claims 14-18, wherein the at least one zwitterionic surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 1 wt% to about 15 wt%. such as from about 5 wt% to about 12 wt% or about 10 wt% to about 11 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

20. The personal care composition of any one of claims 14-19, wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant is present in the personal care composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, such as from about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt% or about 0.4 wt% to about 0.6 wt%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.

21. The personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one humectant selected from glycerin and sorbitol, preferably glycerin.

22. The personal care composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personal care composition is a rinse-off composition.

23. The personal care composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personal care composition is a liquid soap, liquid hand soap, shower gel, body wash, shampoo, liquid facial soap, or hair conditioner, preferably a liquid facial soap.

24. The personal care composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the personal care composition has a viscosity ranging from about 2,000 cP to about 14,000 cP, such as from about 10,000 cP to about 12,000 cP.

25. A method of enhancing deposition of at least one topically active compound to skin of a subject, comprising applying the personal care composition according to any one of the preceding claims to the skin of the subject, wherein the method enhances an amount of the at least one topically active compound deposited.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the method enhances deposition of the at least one topically active compound to the skin by at least about 0.1 |ig / cm2, such as at least about 0.1 |ig / cm2, at least about 0.2 pg / cm2, or at least about 0.3 pg / cm2, as compared to a personal care composition that does not comprise maleated soybean oil glyceryl / octyldodecanol esters in an amount ranging from about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on a total weight of personal care composition.

27. Use of a personal care composition according to any of claims 1-24 for increasing the deposition of the at least one topically active compound on the skin of a subject when applying the composition to the skin.

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