Wireless communications on a narrowband carrier

Abstract

The techniques described herein can include solutions for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier. For example, a user equipment (UE) can scale components, or parameters, of a narrowband carrier based on a reference carrier. For example, components and parameters of one or more synchronization signal block (SSBs), such as the numerology, the number of symbols, the number of resource blocks, and timing can be scaled with reference to the reference carrier. In some examples, symbol patterns of SSBs can be defined for a narrowband carrier. Frequency of monitoring for SSBs can be determined based on the reference carrier.

Description

Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS ON A NARROWBAND CARRIERCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 779,818, filed March 28, 2025, the content of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.FIELD

[0002] This disclosure relates to wireless communication networks and mobile device capabilities.BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communication networks and wireless communication services are becoming increasingly dynamic, complex, and ubiquitous. For example, some wireless communication networks can be developed to implement fourth generation (4G), fifth generation (5G), or new radio (NR) technology. Such technology can include solutions for wireless communications on various carriers according to various bandwidths.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] The present disclosure will be readily understood and enabled by the detailed description and accompanying figures of the drawings. Like reference numerals can designate like features and structural elements. Figures and corresponding descriptions are provided as non-limiting examples of aspects, implementations, etc., of the present disclosure, and references to "an" or “one” aspect, implementation, etc., may not necessarily refer to the same aspect, implementation, etc., and can mean at least one, one or more, etc.

[0005] Figure 1 is a diagram of an example of an overview 100 according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0006] Figure 2 is a diagram of an example network 200 according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0007] Figure 3 is a diagram of an example narrowband scaling diagram 300 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.14921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)

[0008] Figure 4 is a diagram of an example narrowband scaling diagram 400 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0009] Figure 5 is a diagram of an example narrowband scaling diagram 500 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0010] Figure 6 is a diagram of an example synchronization signal block (SSB) pattern 600 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0011] Figure 7 is a diagram of an example SSB pattern 700 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0012] Figure 8 is a diagram of an example SSB pattern 800 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0013] Figure 9 is a diagram of an example SSB timeline 900 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0014] Figure 10 is a diagram of an example SSB timeline 1000 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0015] Figure 11 is a diagram of an example search occasion diagram 1100 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0016] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example process 1200 components of a device according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0017] Figure 13 is a diagram of an example of components of a device according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0018] Figure 14 is a diagram of example interfaces of baseband circuitry according to one or more implementations described herein.

[0019] Figure 15 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to one or more implementations described herein, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

[0020] Figure 16 is a diagram of an example process for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.24921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numbers in different drawings can identify the same or similar features, elements, operations, etc. Additionally, the present disclosure is not limited to the following description, as other implementations can be utilized, and structural or logical changes made, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0022] Telecommunication networks can include user equipment (UEs) capable of communicating with base stations and / or other network access nodes. UEs and base stations can implement various techniques and communications standards for enabling UEs and base stations to discover one another, establish and maintain connectivity, and exchange information in an ongoing manner. Objectives of such techniques can include increasing the bandwidths available for communications, such as narrower bands.

[0023] Internet of things (loT) devices can be examples of devices with low-power wide-area (LPWA) connection. loT devices can connect wirelessly to the network and can transmit comparatively small amounts of data than other, more complicated devices.Implementation of loT devices can be advantageous for reducing power and increasing efficiency. As use of loT devices increases to take advantage of the many emerging applications, so does loT data traffic. Due to the increasing use of LPWA devices, such as loT devices, integrating them into existing and future systems is desirable.

[0024] Wireless communications devices communicate across a spectrum of frequency bandwidths. The low and midband spectrum can be especially important for future systems. However, much of the spectrum can be consistently used for current systems, resulting in a deficiency of available frequencies for additional communication. One way to address this issue is to expand systems to use narrow bands, which can be re-purposed bands of older systems. Communication configurations in larger bands, such as the low and midband spectrum, may not be suitable for narrow bands, making narrow bands difficult to use. For example, a UE can receive synchronization signaling from a network device prior to establishing a connection. Synchronizing via a narrower band can have different parameters and properties than a larger band.

[0025] One or more of the techniques described herein address the foregoing deficiencies by providing solutions for communications on narrowband carriers that can be applied to loT devices. Addressing narrow band features can result in increased spectrum availability and provide a system that can be integrated with loT devices.34921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)

[0026] For example, solutions can include design aspects of narrow band communications, such as for signals transmitted via a narrowband carrier. Aspects can include methods for scaling components of a narrowband carrier based on a reference carrier, such as synchronization signaling, or synchronization signal blocks (SSBs). For example, components and parameters of synchronization signaling, such as the numerology, the number of symbols of a signal, the number of resource blocks, and timing can be scaled with reference to the reference carrier. In some examples, parameters of synchronization signals can be defined for a narrowband carrier. For example, varying symbol patterns can be defined for synchronization signals. Frequency of monitoring for synchronization signals can be determined based on the reference carrier. These techniques can provide a framework for devices to communicate using narrow bands.

[0027] Figure 1 is a diagram of an example of an overview 100 according to one or more implementations described herein. Overview 100 can be an example of methods for communicating according to a narrow band. For example, UE 115 can receive one or more SSBs 130 from random access node (RAN) 120 using a narrow band. In some examples, UE 115 can receive the SSBs 130 via one or more synchronization signals.

[0028] Random access nodes (RANs) 120 and UEs 115 can communicate using carriers (e.g., carrier, component carrier, reference carrier). For example, UE 115 can receive, and RAN 120 (e.g., base station, gNB, network entity, network device, etc.) can transmit (e.g., send), the one or more SSBs 130 on (e.g., via, according to) a carrier. A carrier can be a specific frequency band, and narrowband carriers can be carriers that are in the narrow band portion of the frequency spectrum. Narrowband carriers can have different characteristics and parameters, such as bandwidth 105, subcarrier spacing (SCS) 110, and quantity of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) than other carriers.

[0029] In some examples, characteristics and parameters of a carrier can be scaled based on a reference carrier. The reference carrier can be one of multiple component carriers that a device, such as UE 115, can utilize for communications. The reference carrier can be associated with a reference bandwidth 105 and reference SCS 110. Similarly, the carrier can be associated with a bandwidth 105 and an SCS 110. In some examples, the reference carrier and associated parameters, such as a reference SCS 110 and reference bandwidth 105, can be pre-defined, and in some examples, can be identified by UE 115.

[0030] The UE 115 can compare the carrier to the reference carrier. For example, bandwidth 105 of the carrier can be compared to reference bandwidth 105 of the reference carrier. The UE 115 can first determine whether the carrier has a bandwidth 105 that can be 44921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)larger than or smaller than a reference bandwidth 105 of a reference carrier. In some examples, when carrier bandwidth 105 is smaller than reference carrier bandwidth 105, the carrier can be an example of a narrowband carrier, and additional procedures and processes can be performed. In some examples, the carrier bandwidth 105 can be larger than reference carrier bandwidth 105, and the carrier can be subject to the same, similar, or different techniques and methods described. In some examples, the carrier may not be a narrowband carrier.

[0031] The reference carrier or the carrier (e.g., narrowband carrier) can be associated with bandwidth 105-A, bandwidth 105-B, or bandwidth 105-C. Thus, in some examples, the carrier can be associated with bandwidth 105-B and the reference carrier can be associated with 105-A. In some examples, the carrier can be associated with bandwidth 105-C and the reference carrier can be associated with bandwidth 105-A. Therefore, labels such as ‘reference bandwidth’ and ‘carrier bandwidth’ can be used to describe different examples and multiple components of techniques and methods described herein.

[0032] In some examples, after identifying the carrier as a narrowband carrier, bandwidth 105, SCS 110, numerology (e.g., number of symbols), as well as other characteristics, can be scaled based on the reference carrier. For example, narrowband carrier with bandwidth 105-B of 3 megahertz (MHz) can be compared and scaled (e.g., at scaling 125-A) based on reference bandwidth 105-A of 5 MHz corresponding to the reference carrier. For example, scaling 125-A can include scaling reference subcarrier spacing 110-A of 15 kHz to SCS 110-B of 7.5 kHz. Similarly, scaling 125-B can describe an example where the reference carrier can be associated with reference bandwidth 105-B 3 MHz, and the carrier can be associated with bandwidth 105-C of 1.4 MHz. In such examples, reference SCS 110-B of 7.5 kHz can be scaled to carrier SCS 110-C of 3.75 kHz. Scaling 125-C can similarly scale reference SCS 110-A to carrier SCS 110-C.

[0033] In some examples, scaling 125 further includes scaling of OFDM symbols, resource blocks (RBs), slots, other parameters, or a combination thereof. In some examples, scaling 125 can include defining SSB block configurations and scheduling. In some examples, aspects can remain the same. For example, SSB1 and SSB2 can have the same number of RBs for all bandwidth 105, and when scaled (e.g., 20 RBs).

[0034] SSB scheduling and configuration can include adjusting the number of SSBs, periodicity of SSBs, the frequency of searching for SSBs, or a combination thereof. For example, a maximum number of SSBs within a time period can be defined for the reference carrier and the carrier. Further scheduling parameters can include periodicity, which can be 54921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)scaled, and frequency of SSB searching. For example, UE 115 can search for one or more SSBs 130 according to a step size between monitoring occasions that can be based on the reference carrier. Adjusting parameters of the carrier and SSB transmission can result in efficient use of the narrow band spectrum and define a framework for communicating SSBs 130 via a narrowband carrier.

[0035] Figure 2 is an example network 200 according to one or more implementations described herein. Example network 200 can include UEs 210, 210-2, etc. (referred to collectively as “UEs 210” and individually as “UE 210”), RAN 220, a core network (CN) 230, application servers 240, and external networks 250.

[0036] The systems and devices of example network 200 can operate in accordance with one or more communication standards, such as 2nd generation (2G), 3rd generation (3G), 4th generation (4G) (e.g., long-term evolution (LTE)), and / or 5th generation (5G) (e.g., new radio (NR)) communication standards of the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). Additionally, or alternatively, one or more of the systems and devices of example network 200 can operate in accordance with other communication standards and protocols discussed herein, including future versions or generations of 3GPP standards (e.g., sixth generation (6G) standards, seventh generation (7G) standards, etc.), institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) standards (e.g., wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), etc.), and more.

[0037] As shown, UEs 210 can include smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more wireless communication networks).Additionally, or alternatively, UEs 210 can include other types of mobile or non-mobile computing devices capable of wireless communications, such as personal data assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, wireless handsets, etc. In some implementations, UEs 210 can include internet of things (loT) devices (or loT UEs) that can comprise a network access layer designed for low-power loT applications utilizing shortlived UE connections.

[0038] Additionally, or alternatively, an loT UE can utilize one or more types of technologies, such as machine-to-machine (M2M) communications or machine-type communications (MTC) (e.g., to exchanging data with an MTC server or other device via a public land mobile network (PLMN)), proximity-based service (ProSe) or device-to-device (D2D) communications, sensor networks, loT networks, and more. Depending on the scenario, an M2M or MTC exchange of data can be a machine-initiated exchange, and an loT network can include interconnecting loT UEs (which can include uniquely identifiable 64921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)embedded computing devices within an Internet infrastructure) with short-lived connections. In some scenarios, loT UEs can execute background applications (e.g., keep-alive messages, status updates, etc.) to facilitate the connections of the loT network.

[0039] UEs 210 can communicate and establish a connection with one or more other UEs 210 via one or more wireless channels 212, each of which can comprise a physical communications interface / layer. The connection can include an M2M connection, MTC connection, D2D connection, SL connection, etc. The connection can involve a PC5 interface. In some implementations, UEs 210 can be configured to discover one another, negotiate wireless resources between one another, and establish connections between one another, without intervention or communications involving RAN 222 or another type of network node. In some implementations, discovery, authentication, resource negotiation, registration, etc., can involve communications with RAN node 222 or another type of network node.

[0040] UEs 210 can use one or more wireless channels 212 to communicate with one another. As described herein, UE 210 can communicate with RAN node 222 to request SL resources. RAN node 222 can respond to the request by providing UE 210 with a dynamic grant (DG) or configured grant (CG) regarding SL resources. A DG can involve a grant based on a grant request from UE 210. A CG can involve a resource grant without a grant request and can be based on a type of service being provided (e.g., services that have strict timing or latency requirements). UE 210 can perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) procedure based on the DG or CG, select SL resources based on the CCA procedure and the DG or CG; and communicate with another UE 210 based on the SL resources. The UE 210 can communicate with RAN node 222 using a licensed frequency band and communicate with the other UE 210 using an unlicensed frequency band.

[0041] UEs 210 can communicate and establish a connection with (e.g., be communicatively coupled) with RAN 220, which can involve one or more wireless channels 214-1 and 214-2, each of which can comprise a physical communications interface / layer. In some implementations, a UE can be configured with dual connectivity (DC) as a multi-radio access technology (multi-RAT) or multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), where a multiple receive and transmit (Rx / Tx) capable UE can use resources provided by different RAN network nodes (e.g., RAN network nodes 222-1 and 222-2) that can be connected via nonideal backhaul (e.g., where one network node provides NR access and the other network node provides either E-UTRA for LTE or NR access for 5G). In such a scenario, one network node can operate as a master node (MN) and the other as the secondary node (SN). The MN and 74921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)SN can be connected via a network interface, and at least the MN can be connected to the CN 230.

[0042] Additionally, at least one of the MN or the SN can be operated with shared spectrum channel access, and functions specified for UE 210 can be used for an integrated access and backhaul mobile termination (IAB-MT). Similar for UE 210, the IAB-MT can access the network using either one network node or using two different nodes with enhanced dual connectivity (EN-DC) architectures, new radio dual connectivity (NR-DC) architectures, or the like. In some implementations, a base station (as described herein) can be an example of network RAN network nodes.

[0043] As shown, UE 210 can also, or alternatively, connect to access point (AP) 216 via connection interface 218, which can include an air interface enabling UE 210 to communicatively couple with AP 216. AP 216 can comprise a wireless local area network (WLAN), WLAN node, WLAN termination point, etc. The connection 214 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, and AP 216 can comprise a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi®) router or other AP. While not explicitly depicted in Fig. 2, AP 216 can be connected to another network (e.g., the Internet) without connecting to RAN 220 or CN 230. In some scenarios, UE 210, RAN 220, and AP 216 can be configured to utilize LTE-WLAN aggregation (LWA) techniques or LTE WLAN radio level integration with IPsec tunnel (LWIP) techniques. LWA can involve UE 210 in an RRC Connected state being configured by RAN 220 to utilize radio resources of LTE and WLAN. LWIP can involve UE 210 using WLAN radio resources (e.g., connection interface 218) via IPsec protocol tunneling to authenticate and encrypt packets (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP) packets) communicated via connection interface 218. IPsec tunneling can include encapsulating the entirety of original IP packets and adding a new packet header, thereby protecting the original header of the IP packets.

[0044] RAN 220 can include one or more RAN nodes 222-1 andr-r(referred to collectively as RAN nodes 222, and individually as RAN node 222) that enable channels 214-1 and 214-2 to be established between UEs 210 and RAN 220. A RAN node 222 can be a base station and may be referred to herein as base station 222. RAN nodes 222 can include network access points configured to provide radio baseband functions for data and / or voice connectivity between users and the network based on one or more of the communication technologies described herein (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, WiFi®, etc.). As examples therefore, a RAN node can be an E-UTRAN Node B (e.g., an enhanced Node B, eNodeB, eNB, 4G base station, etc.), a next generation base station (e.g., a 5G base station, NR base station, next 84921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)generation eNBs (gNB), etc.). RAN nodes 222 can include a roadside unit (RSU), a transmission reception point (TRxP or TRP), and one or more other types of ground stations (e.g., terrestrial access points). In some scenarios, RAN node 222 can be a dedicated physical device, such as a macrocell base station, and / or a low power (LP) base station for providing femtocells, picocells or the like having smaller coverage areas, smaller user capacity, or higher bandwidth compared to macrocells.

[0045] Some or all of RAN nodes 222, or portions thereof, can be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network, which can be referred to as a centralized RAN (CRAN) and / or a virtual baseband unit pool (vBBUP). In these implementations, the CRAN or vBBUP can implement a RAN function split, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) split wherein radio resource control (RRC) and PDCP layers can be operated by the CRAN / vBBUP and other Layer 2 (L2) protocol entities can be operated by individual RAN nodes 222; a media access control (MAC) / physical (PHY) layer split wherein RRC, PDCP, radio link control (RLC), and MAC layers can be operated by the CRAN / vBBUP and the PHY layer can be operated by individual RAN nodes 222; or a “lower PHY” split wherein RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC layers and upper portions of the PHY layer can be operated by the CRAN / vBBUP and lower portions of the PHY layer can be operated by individual RAN nodes 222. This virtualized framework can allow freed-up processor cores of RAN nodes 222 to perform or execute other virtualized applications.

[0046] In some implementations, an individual RAN node 222 can represent individual gNB-distributed units (DUs) connected to a gNB-control unit (CU) via individual Fl or other interfaces. In such implementations, the gNB-DUs can include one or more remote radio heads or radio frequency (RF) front end modules (RFEMs), and the gNB-CU can be operated by a server (not shown) located in RAN 220 or by a server pool (e.g., a group of servers configured to share resources) in a similar manner as the CRAN / vBBUP. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more of RAN nodes 222 can be next generation eNBs (i.e., gNBs) that can provide evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward UEs 210, and that can be connected to a 5G core network (5GC) 230 via an NG interface.

[0047] Any of the RAN nodes 222 can terminate an air interface protocol and can be the first point of contact for UEs 210. In some implementations, any of the RAN nodes 222 can fulfill various logical functions for the RAN 220 including, but not limited to, radio network controller (RNC) functions such as radio bearer management, uplink and downlink dynamic radio resource management and data packet scheduling, and mobility management. UEs 21094921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)can be configured to communicate using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with any of the RAN nodes 222 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a single carrier frequencydivision multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e.g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink (SL) communications), although the scope of such implementations may not be limited in this regard. The OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

[0048] In some implementations, a downlink resource grid can be used for downlink transmissions from any of the RAN nodes 222 to UEs 210, and uplink transmissions can utilize similar techniques. The grid can be a time-frequency grid (e.g., a resource grid or time-frequency resource grid) that represents the physical resource for downlink in each slot. Such a time-frequency plane representation can be a common practice for OFDM systems, which makes it intuitive for radio resource allocation. Each column and each row of the resource grid corresponds to one OFDM symbol and one OFDM subcarrier, respectively. The duration of the resource grid in the time domain corresponds to one slot in a radio frame. The smallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid can be denoted as a resource element. Each resource grid comprises resource blocks, which describe the mapping of certain physical channels to resource elements. Each resource block can comprise a collection of resource elements (REs); in the frequency domain, this can represent the smallest quantity of resources that currently can be allocated. There are several different physical downlink channels that are conveyed using such resource blocks.

[0049] Further, RAN nodes 222 can be configured to wirelessly communicate with UEs 210, and / or one another, over a licensed medium (also referred to as the “licensed spectrum” and / or the “licensed band”), an unlicensed shared medium (also referred to as the “unlicensed spectrum” and / or the “unlicensed band”), or combination thereof. A licensed spectrum can correspond to channels or frequency bands selected, reserved, regulated, etc., for certain types of wireless activity (e.g., wireless telecommunication network activity), whereas an unlicensed spectrum can correspond to one or more frequency bands that are not restricted for certain types of wireless activity. Whether a particular frequency band corresponds to a licensed medium or an unlicensed medium can depend on one or more factors, such as frequency allocations determined by a public-sector organization (e.g., a government agency,104921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)regulatory body, etc.) or frequency allocations determined by a private-sector organization involved in developing wireless communication standards and protocols, etc.

[0050] The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can carry user data and higher layer signaling to UEs 210. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) can carry information about the transport format and resource allocations related to the PDSCH channel, among other things. The PDCCH can also inform UEs 210 about the transport format, resource allocation, and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information related to the uplink shared channel. Typically, downlink scheduling (e.g., assigning control and shared channel resource blocks to UE 210 within a cell) can be performed at any of the RAN nodes 222 based on channel quality information feedback from any of UEs 210. The downlink resource assignment information can be sent on the PDCCH used for (e.g., assigned to) each of UEs 210.

[0051] One or more of the techniques, described herein, can enable UE 210 to support wireless communications, such as synchronization signaling on a narrowband carrier. For example, components and parameters of signaling and narrowband carriers can be defined, and can include the numerology, the number of symbols of a signal, the number of resource blocks of a signal, and timing of signals. In some examples, parameters of the narrowband carrier can be scaled with reference to the reference carrier. In some examples, varying symbol patterns can be defined for synchronization signals. Further, frequency of monitoring for synchronization signals can be determined based on the reference carrier. An example of synchronization signals is one or more SSBs indicated by RAN 222 and received by UE 210. These and many other features and aspects of the techniques described herein are presented below with reference to remaining Figures.

[0052] The RAN nodes 222 can be configured to communicate with one another via interface 223. In implementations where the system is an LTE system, interface 223 can be an X2 interface. In NR systems, interface 223 can be an Xn interface. The X2 interface can be defined between two or more RAN nodes 222 (e.g., two or more eNBs / gNBs or a combination thereof) that connect to evolved packet core (EPC) or CN 230, or between two eNBs connecting to an EPC. The RAN nodes 222 can be configured to communicate with the CN 230 via various interfaces, such as physical interfaces, including interface 224, interface 226, and interface 228.

[0053] As shown, RAN 220 can be connected (e.g., communicatively coupled) to CN 230. CN 230 can comprise a plurality of network elements 232, which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to customers / subscribers (e.g., users of UEs 114921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)210) who are connected to the CN 230 via the RAN 220. In some implementations, CN 230 can include an evolved packet core (EPC), a 5G CN, and / or one or more additional or alternative types of CNs. The components of the CN 230 can be implemented in one physical node or separate physical nodes including components to read and execute instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium).

[0054] In some implementations, network function virtualization (NFV) can be utilized to virtualize any or all the above-described network node roles or functions via executable instructions stored in one or more computer-readable storage mediums (described in further detail below). A logical instantiation of the CN 230 can be referred to as a network slice, and a logical instantiation of a portion of the CN 230 can be referred to as a network sub-slice. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) architectures and infrastructures can be used to virtualize one or more network functions, alternatively performed by proprietary hardware, onto physical resources comprising a combination of industry-standard server hardware, storage hardware, or switches. In other words, NFV systems can be used to execute virtual or reconfigurable implementations of one or more EPC components / functions.

[0055] As shown, CN 230, application servers 240, and external networks 250 can be connected to one another via interfaces 234, 236, and 238, which can include IP network interfaces. Application servers 240 can include one or more server devices or network elements (e.g., virtual network functions (VNFs) offering applications that use IP bearer resources with CN 230 (e.g., universal mobile telecommunications system packet services (UMTS PS) domain, LTE PS data services, etc.). Application servers 240 can also, or alternatively, be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., voice over IP (VoIP) sessions, push-to-talk (PTT) sessions, group communication sessions, social networking services, etc.) for UEs 210 via the CN 230. Similarly, external networks 250 can include one or more of a variety of networks, including the Internet, thereby providing the mobile communication network and UEs 210 of the network access to a variety of additional services, information, interconnectivity, and other network features.

[0056] Figure 3 is a diagram of an example narrowband scaling diagram 300 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein. In some examples, the techniques and methods as described with reference124921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)to narrowband scaling diagram 300 can be performed by a UE, such as UE 210 as described with reference to Fig. 2, or another device.

[0057] Narrowband scaling diagram 300 can include examples of scaling 330 of subcarrier spacing (SCS) 320. Bandwidth 305 can be an example of a carrier bandwidth (BWcarrier), (e.g., component carrier bandwidth, subcarrier bandwidth, etc.). As the carrier bandwidth 305 decreases, SCS 420 can be proportionally decreased, or scaled. In some examples, scaling 330 can be based on a reference carrier associated with a reference bandwidth 305 and a reference SCS 320. Bandwidths 305 (e.g., bandwidth 305-A, bandwidth 305-B, and bandwidth 305-C) can be associated with a carrier or reference carrier. When associated with a carrier, bandwidth 305 can be referred to as carrier bandwidth 305 or bandwidth 305. When associated with a reference carrier, bandwidth 305 can be referred to as reference bandwidth 305 or reference carrier bandwidth 305. Similarly, SCSs 320 (e.g., SCS 320-A, SCS 320-B, SCS 320-C) can be associated with a carrier or a reference carrier.

[0058] In some examples, bandwidth 305 can be divided into portions of time, or slots 310. Slots 310 can further be divided into symbols 315. In some examples, each slot 310 can be divided into 14 symbols 315. SCS 320 can describe the distance between carriers in the frequency domain. SSBs 325 can be transmitted on (e.g., according to) the carrier, and occupy multiple symbols 315 of multiple slots 310.

[0059] Methods and techniques for scaling and transmission, such as SSB or physical broadcast channel (PBCH) blocks, can result in the resource blocks (e.g., SSB RBs) staying within the carrier bandwidth 305. For example, a carrier (e.g., channel) associated with bandwidth 305-A of 5 MHz can have a corresponding SCS 320-A of 15 kHz, with symbol 315-A and slot(s) 310-A. A carrier associated with bandwidth 305-B of 3 MHz can have a corresponding SCS 320-B of 7.5 kHz, with symbol 315-B and slot(s) 310-B. A carrier associated with bandwidth 305-C of 1.4 MHz can have a corresponding SCS 320-B of 3.75 kHz, with symbol 315-C and slot 310-C.

[0060] To scale parameters of a carrier, the UE can first identify the carrier and the reference carrier. In some examples, the reference carrier can be previously defined, or can be identified by the UE. Specifically, the UE can identify the reference SCS 320 (SCSref) and reference bandwidth 305 (BWcarrier associated with the reference carrier. In some examples, the reference SCS 320 can be 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 7.5 kHz, and the reference bandwidth 305 can be 5 MHz or 3 MHz. In some examples, the reference SCS 320 and reference bandwidth134921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)305 can be pre-defined or otherwise preconfigured. In some examples, the reference SCS 320 can be the smallest SCS value for signal s / channels on the reference carrier.

[0061] In some examples, bandwidth 305 can be smaller than the reference bandwidth 305 (BWcarrier< BWca^rier). For a carrier where the bandwidth 305 can be less than the reference bandwidth 305, the SCS 320 of all signals on the carrier (including SSB signals), can be determined based on one or more parameters. The one or more parameters can include carrier bandwidth 305 (BWcarrier), the reference bandwidth 305 (BWcarrier), and the reference SCS 320 (SCSrej). SCS 320 (SCScarrier) can correspond to the carrier with bandwidth 305. In some examples, the SCS 320 for a carrier (SCScarrier) can be defined by dividing the reference SCS by a scaling factor (K) that presents the ratio between the reference bandwidth 305 and the bandwidth 305, as shown in the following expressions:SCScarr;er= SCSref / KK= (BW^rier / BWcarrier

[0062] For example, SCS 320-A of reference bandwidth 305-A can be scaled to SCS 230-B, as shown by scaling 330-A. For a bandwidth 305-B (BWcarrier= 3 Mhz), and a reference bandwidth 305-A BWcarrier= 5 Mhz) the scaling factor (K) (e.g., ratio) can be about two (5 Mhz / 3 Mhz =2). In some examples, K can be greater than or equal to 2 (K > 2). SCS 320 can be scaled by diving the reference SCS 320-A (SCSref =15 kHz) by the ratio (K = 2), resulting in a scaled SCS 320-B of 7.5 kHz (15 kHz / 2 = 7.5 kHz). Similarly, SCS 320-A of reference bandwidth 305-A can be scaled to SCS 230-C. The scaling factor (K) can be 4 (5 Mhz / 1.4 MHz = 4), resulting in a scaled SCS 320-C of 3.75kHz.

[0063] In another example, the reference carrier can be associated with reference bandwidth 305-B, and scaling can be shown by scaling 330-B. For reference bandwidth 305-B associated with SCS 320-B of 7.5 kHz and SCS 320-C associated with the carrier, the scaling factor, K, can be 2. Therefore, the scaled SCS 320-C associated with the carrier can be 3.75 kHz. SCSs 320 can be used for signals, including SSB patterns on the carrier.

[0064] Scaling can result in a corresponding scaling of slots 310 over time period 335 according to the scaling factor. For example, scaling from SCS 320-A of 15 kHz to SCS 320-B can result in half as many slots 310, or from 4 slots 310-A to 2 slots 310-B, for the same4921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)time period 335. Scaling from SCS 320-B to SCS 320-C can result in going from 2 slots 310-B to one 1 310-C for the same time period 335.

[0065] In some examples, SCSs 320 (e.g., numerology) based on a reference SCS 320 can be defined as part of a table or be otherwise predefined to scale the reference SCSs 320 for bandwidths 305, such as when the bandwidth 305 is less than the reference bandwidth 305. An example of a table can be shown in Table 1. Table 1 describes an example of scaled SCSs 320 and associated carrier bandwidths 305. For example, a table can include reference carrier bandwidth values, carrier bandwidth values, scaled SCS values of SSBs, scaled SCS values of the carrier, SSB bandwidth values, RB quantities, or a combination thereof.Table 1. Carrier bandwidths, SSB bandwidths, and corresponding SCSsScaled SSB Bandwidth RB Quantity Carrier Bandwidth Numerologies / SCS forSSB and Carrier> 5 MHz 30 kHz 7.2 MHz 20 RB > 5 MHz 15 kHz 3.6 MHz 20 RB 3 MHz 7.5 kHz 1.8 MHz 20 RB 1.4 MHz 3.75 kHz 0.9 MHz 20 RB

[0066] In some examples, the number of RBs (e.g., 20 RB) may not be scaled and may stay the same for varying bandwidths 305-C. In some examples, for SSBs, the set of SCS 320 can be hard-encoded and independent of the carrier bandwidth 305. For example, for a carrier bandwidth greater than 5 MHz, the SSB bandwidth can be 3.6 MHz with a corresponding SCS of 15 kHz. In some examples, bandwidths 305 be associated with multiple SCSs 320. In some examples, as shown in Table 1, for a carrier with a bandwidth 305 greater than the reference bandwidth 305, a set of scaled SCS values can be predefined. For example, for carrier bandwidth greater than 5 MHz, SCS values can be 30 kHz or 15 kHz.

[0067] Fig. 4 is a diagram of an example narrowband scaling diagram 400 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein. Components of Fig. 4 can be examples of corresponding components of Fig. 3.

[0068] Figure 4 can describe an example of scaling symbols 415 and resource blocks (RBs) for SSB transmission on a carrier with a smaller bandwidth 405 than the reference bandwidth 405 of the reference carrier (e.g., BWcarrier< BW^rier). Symbols 415 can be154921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)OFDM symbols 415. A scaling factor, K, can be based on the reference bandwidth, the carrier bandwidth, and the reference SCS 420, and can be used to scale a number of reference symbols 415 (Nsymtoi ) of the reference carrier. The scaling factor K, where K is greater than or equal to 2, can be determined according to an expression (e.g., equation) or hard-encoded into a table. Further, scaled values of symbols 415, bandwidth 405, SCS 420, and RBs can be determined according to an expression or hard-encoded into a table.

[0069] The number of symbols 415 and RBs of the carrier can be determined by scaling a reference carrier. For example, a reference bandwidth 405-A of 5 MHz and a reference SCS 420-A of 15 kHz (BW^rler=5 MHz, SCSref = 15kHz), the number of symbols 415 can be scaled according to a reference SSB pattern. For example, the reference SSB pattern can have 4 SSB symbols 430= 4)and 2o RBS(NRSSB’ref= 20).

[0070] For example, the scaled number of SSB symbols 430 of the carrier (iVs^'^“zrrter) can be determine based on the following expression:SSB, carrier > *jSSB,refv symbol symbol

[0071] The reference number of SSB symbols 430of the reference carrier can be multiplied by the scaling factor (K) to determine the scaled number of SSB symbols 430 ^symbolrier> ' f°rSSB 425 of the carrier. For example, reference bandwidth 405-A can include SSB 425-A, which has a reference number of 4 SSB symbols 430-A. With a scaling factor of 2, when scaling with respect to bandwidth 405-B, can increase the number of SSB symbols 430-A to 8 symbols 430-B. Scaling with respect to bandwidth 405-C based on the reference bandwidth 405-A can increase the number of SSB symbols 430-A by the scaling factor of 4, resulting in 16 SSB symbols 430-C for bandwidth 405-C.

[0072] RBs can be similarly scaled. For example, the scaled number of RBs (NRBB,carrier) can be determined by dividing the reference number of RBs of the reference carrier (NRBB,re^) by the scaling factor (K). This can be described in the following expression:SSB, carrier _ j,TSSB,ref / zzRB ~ RB /

[0073] For example, for carrier with bandwidth 405-B of 3 MHz and reference bandwidth 405-A of 5 MHz, K = 2. Scaling the resource blocks for SSB 425 of bandwidth 405-B can164921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)include dividing the reference number of RBs, 20, by the scaling factor, 2, resulting in 10 RBs (20 / 2=10 RBs). In some examples, scaled values of RBs can be hard-encoded, such as according to a table. The table can be configured or otherwise be able to be reference by the UE.

[0074] In some examples, such as for a carrier with a smaller bandwidth 405 than the reference bandwidth 405 (e.g., BWcarrier< BWcar!rier) (e.g., a narrowband carrier), the number of slots 410 can be defined. For example, when scaling the number of RBs and SSB symbols, SSBs 425 can increase in total SSB symbols, resulting in an increase of the number of slots 410. A single SSB 425 can span over a single or consecutive slots 410 (S>1). For example, with respect to bandwidth 405-C, each SSB 425 occupies 16 total SSB symbols 430-C, while with respect to bandwidth 405-B, each SSB occupies 8 total SSB symbols 430-B.

[0075] When the number of scaled, total SSB symbols 430 can be less than the length of slot 410 (e.g., 14 symbols 415), the RBs can be assigned to a singular slot 410. For example, for bandwidth 405-B of the carrier (BWcarrier= 3 MHz), SSB 425 includes 8 scaled symbols Nsymb^1^’ which can be less than 14 symbols 415 (N^y^arrier< 14 symbols). In such an example, a single SSB transmission spans consecutive 8 SSB symbols 430 in a single slot 410. For example, SSB 425-A spans 8 consecutive symbols 430-B within slot 410-B, and SSB 425-B spans 8 consecutive symbols 430-B within slot 410-C. In some examples, RBs can span multiple slots 410, as shown with respect to bandwidth 405-C. For example, when the number of symbols 415 (e.g., the adjusted quantity of symbols, or scaled quantity of symbols) can be greater than 14 (Ngy^arrier> 14 symbols), SSB 425 spans more than one slot 410 (S> 1 ), resulting in a multi-slot mapping.

[0076] Additionally, each slot 410 can include a number of consecutive symbols 430which can be determined by dividing the scaled number of SSB symbols of the carrier (N^y^^rier) by a factor (S). The factor (S) can be a number (e.g., quantity) of consecutive slots 410, and can be based on a ratio between a maximum number of symbols 415 of each slot 410 ( N^y^b), as shown in the following expressions:SSB, carrier > SSB, carrier / <-.' slot.symbl^symb / 174921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)c _ I\JSSB, carrier ij^slot'symb / ^symb

[0077] For example, for bandwidth 405-C (when BWcarrier= 1.4 MHz), K = 4.Correspondingly, the number of SSB symbols 430 can be 16 (Ngymboirier =4* K = 4*4 = 16). The consecutive number of SSB symbols 430-C can be found to be 8 consecutive symbols 430-C per slot 410= N^^arrier / S = 16 / 2 = 8). In some examples, the factor (S, or quantity of consecutive slots 410)) can be an integer or rounded up to the nearest whole number prior to determining the number of consecutive SSB symbols 430 per slot 410. In some examples, this can result in the same number of SSB symbols 430 in each slot 410 of the consecutive slots (S).

[0078] Figure 5 is a diagram of an example narrowband scaling diagram 500 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein. Components of Fig. 5 can be examples of corresponding components of Fig. 3. Figure 5 can describe an example of scaling symbols 515 and resource blocks (RBs) for SSB transmission on a carrier with a smaller bandwidth 505 than the reference bandwidth 505 (e.g., BWcarrier< BWrier). SSBs 525 (e.g., SSB blocks) can be defined according to consecutive slots and be otherwise scaled. In some examples, values for scaling can be hard-encoded, such as according to a table.

[0079] For example, when bandwidth 505 can be less than the reference bandwidth 505, the SSB 525 (e.g., SSB block) can divided into consecutive mini-SSBs 535, or mini-SSB blocks. The SSB can thus be formed by aggregating consecutive mini-SSBs 535. SSB 525 can be divided into mini-SSBs 535 based on the scaling factor, K. The scaling factor ‘K’ can be the ratio of reference bandwidth to scaled bandwidth (K = BWca;rier / BWcarrier). For example, for reference bandwidth 505-A and bandwidth 505-B of a carrier (BWcarrier = 3 MHz), the scaling factor can be 2 (K=2). For reference bandwidth 505-A and bandwidth 505-C (BWcarrier= 1.4MH), the scaling factor can be 4 (K=4). In some examples, K can indicate the number of consecutive mini-SSBs 535 (e.g., partial SSBs).

[0080] A mini-SSB 535 (i) can be created by puncturing the SSB 525 (i) on a reference carrier with reference bandwidth 505 to bandwidth 505 (BWcarrierto BWcarrier), while maintaining the same time domain symbol indices as the SSB 525 (i) on a reference carrier. For example, mini-SSBs 535-A can be generated based on reference carrier with reference bandwidth 505-A(BVIf ^.fer= 5 MHz). For reference bandwidth 505-A and bandwidth184921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)505-B, with a scaling factor of 2, SSB 525 can be split into 2 mini-SSBs 535. For bandwidth 505-C and a scaling factor of 4, SSB 525 can be split into 4 mini-SSBs 535.

[0081] In some examples, mini-SSBs 535 can occupy various consecutive symbols 515. Each slot 510 can include the same number of consecutive SSB symbols of the total SSB, such that each mini-SSB includes the same number of consecutive SSB symbols. For example, Figure 5 describes an example where mini-SSBs 535 begin at the third and tenth symbol 515 of slot 510. However, mini-SSBs 535 can be begin at other slots 510, such as the second and ninth.

[0082] Figure 6 is a diagram of an example SSB pattern 600 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.Components of Figure 6 can be example of components of Figure 3 as described herein. SSB patterns can include primary synchronization signals (PSSs) 625, PBCHs 630, and secondary synchronization signals (SSSs) 635. For a reference carrier with a reference bandwidthSSB patterns, such as half slot SSB pattern 605 and full slot SSB pattern 640, can be defined. For example, the SSB block can span all symbols 615-A of half slot 610 or all symbols 615-B of full slot 620. In some examples, the SSB block can span fewer symbols 615 than the entirety of half slot 610 or the entirety of full slot 620. In some examples, symbols of half slot 610 or full slot 620 can have different permutations and combination of PSS 625, PBCH 630, and SSS 635 symbols that use all of the symbols 615.

[0083] In some examples, half slot SSB pattern 605 can span over all symbols (or, in some examples, fewer) of half slot 610. In the time domain, the 7 symbols 615 of half slot 610 can be divided between PSS 625, PBCH 630, and SSS 635. For example, half slot 610 can be split as: 2 symbols for PSS 625, 2 symbols for SSS 635, and the leftover 3 symbols for PBCH 630. The order of the symbols 415 can indicate half slot SSB pattern 605. An example of half slot SSB pattern 605 can be shown with respect to Fig. 6, where half slot SSB pattern 605 can designate the first and second symbols for PSS 625, the third symbol for PBCH 630, the fourth and fifth symbols for SSS 635 and the sixth and seventh symbols for PBCH 530.

[0084] SSB patterns can change when adjusted from half slot SSB pattern 605 to full slot SSB pattern 640. In some examples, full slot SSB pattern 640 can be a repetition of half slot SSB pattern 605. In some examples, an SSB pattern, or full slot SSB pattern 640, for all symbols 615-B of full slot 620 can be specified.

[0085] In the time domain, 14 symbols 615-B of full slot 620 can be divided between PSS 625, PBCH 630, and SSS 635. For example, 3 symbols can be designated for PSS 625, 3194921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)symbols for SSS 635, and the leftover 8 symbols for PBCH 630. Full slot SSB pattern 640 can include consideration for the location of each PSS 625, PBCH 630, and SSS 635 in the time domain. For example, PSS 625 symbols 615-B and SSS 635 symbols 615-B can be consecutive. An example of a consecutive pattern can be described with reference to full slot SSB pattern 640. SSB patterns, such as full slots SSBs patterns 640, can be defined by a table, where the table includes symbol indexes relative to the start of the SSB for each channel or signal. Table 2 can describe examples of consecutive patterns of resources within an SSB.Table 2. Resources within an SSB according to a first patternSymbol index relative to start of SSB Channel / SignalHalf Slot SSB Pattern Full Slot SSB pattern PSS 0, 1 0, 1, 2 SSS 3, 4 7, 8, 9 PBCH 2, 5, 6 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13

[0086] Figure 7 is a diagram of an example SSB pattern 700 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein.Components of Figure 7 can be example of components of Figure 3 and Figure 6 as described herein. SSB patterns can include PSSs 625, PBCHs 630, and SSSs 635. For a reference carrier with a reference bandwidth (BW™rier), SSB patterns, such as half slot SSB pattern 705 and full slot SSB pattern 740, can be defined. For example, the SSB block can span all symbols 715-A of half slot 710 or all symbols 715-B of full slot 720. In some examples, the SSB block can span fewer symbols 715 than the full half slot 710 or full slot 720. In some examples, symbols of half slot 710 or full slot 720 can have different permutations and combination of PSS 625, PBCH 630, and SSS 635 symbols that use all of the symbols 715.

[0087] In some examples, half slot SSB pattern 705 can span over all symbols (or, in some examples, fewer) of half slot 710. In time domain, the 7 symbols 715 of half slot 710 can be divided between PSS 725, PBCH 730, and SSS 735. For example, half slot 710 can be split as: 2 symbols for PSS 725, 2 symbols for SSS 735 and the leftover 3 symbols for PBCH 730. The order of the symbols 415 can indicate half slot SSB pattern 705. An example of half slot SSB pattern 705 can be shown with respect to Fig. 7, where half slot SSB pattern 705 can204921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)designate the first and second symbols for PSS 725, the third, fifth, and seventh symbols for PBCH 730, and the fourth and sixth symbols for SSS 735.

[0088] SSB patterns can change when adjusted from half slot SSB pattern 705 to full slot SSB pattern 740. In some examples, full slot SSB pattern 740 can be a repetition of half slot SSB pattern 705. In some examples, an SSB pattern, or full slot SSB pattern 740, for all symbols 715-B of full slot 720 can be specified. In some examples, half slot SSB pattern 705 can be an example of an SSB pattern of the reference carrier, and full slot SSB pattern 740 can be an example of an SSB pattern of the carrier, such that the scaling / repetition to full slot 720 can be of the SSB of the carrier and based on the SSB of the reference carrier.

[0089] In the time domain, 14 symbols 715-B of full slot 720 can be divided between PSSs 725, PBCHs 730, and SSSs 735. For example, PSS symbols are consecutive to facilitate the PSS detection. SSS symbols are evenly distributed across the leftover symbols after mapping PSS symbols and can be used for PBCH channel estimation for better performance. Full slot SSB pattern 740 can include consideration for the location of PSS 725, PBCH 730, and SSS 735 in the time domain. An example of a consecutive pattern can be described with reference to full slot SSB pattern 740. Table 3 describes examples of consecutive patterns of resources within an SSB.Table 3. Resources within an SSB according to a second patternSymbol index relative to start ofChannel / Signal Channel / Signal SSBHalf Slot SSB Pattern Full Slot SSB Pattern PSS 0, 1 0, 1, 2 SSS 3, 5 5, 8, 11 PBCH 2, 4, 6 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13

[0090] Figure 8 is a diagram of an example SSB pattern 800 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein. In some examples, SSB pattern 800 can be implemented by the UE, baseband circuitry of the UE, or another device. Components of Figure 8 can be example of components of Figures 6 and 7 as described herein. For a reference carrier with a reference bandwidth (BWcarrier), SSB patterns for an SSB block can be defined. For example, SSBs patterns for an SSB block can include different permutations and combinations of PSSs 825, PBCHs 830, and SSSs 835214921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)symbols 815. For example, one or more of the PSSs 825, PBCHs 830, and SSSs 835 can each be mapped to one or more symbols 815. The SSB block can span half slot 810 or full slot 820. For example, the SSB block, and thus the SSB pattern, can span all symbols 815-A of half slot 810 or all symbols 815-B of full slot 820.

[0091] In some examples, a scaling factor (K) can be calculated for a carrier with a bandwidth less than the reference bandwidth of the reference carrier (BWcarrier< BWcai-rier)- theexampleofahalf slot SSB pattern 840, such as for a reference carrier with a reference bandwidth, a single SSB block can be mapped to consecutive half slots 810. The number of consecutive half slots of a carrier with a smaller bandwidth can be defined by the scaling factor. That is, an SSB block can be mapped to ‘K’ consecutive half slots 810 for a carrier with a smaller bandwidth than the reference bandwidth.

[0092] An SSB pattern, such as half slot SSB pattern 840 and SSB repetition patterns 805, can define the location of PSSs 825, PBCHs 830, and SSSs 835 within the SSB in the time domain over ‘K’ half slots 810 or full slots 820. To span multiple slots, SSB patterns for half slots and full slots can be repeated or adjusted. In some examples, half slot SSB pattern 840 can be an example of an SSB pattern of the reference carrier, and SSB repetition pattern 805, or full slot SSB patterns, can be an example of an SSB pattern of the carrier, such that the scaling / repetition to full slot 820 can be of the SSB of the carrier and based on the SSB and corresponding SSB pattern 840 of the reference carrier. In some examples, SSB repetition patterns 805 can be examples of SSB patterns of the reference carrier, and can be repeated in the SSB of the carrier based on the reference carrier.

[0093] For example, to span multiple slots 820, half slot SSB pattern 840 can be repeated, as shown by SSB repetition pattern 805-A. Repeating half slot SSB pattern 840 can maintain the relative timing between PSSs 825, PBCHs 830, and SSSs 835. The half slot SSB pattern 840 can be repeated ‘K’ times over multiple full slots 820-A.

[0094] In some examples, to span multiple slots 820, a new SSB pattern can be defined. For example, SSB repetition pattern 805-B and SSB repetition pattern 805-C describe two examples of defining an SSB pattern. The relative timing between PSSs 825, PBCHs 830, and SSSs 835, can be changed. For example, full slots 820-B include half slot 820-B and half slot 810-C. SSB repetition pattern 805-B maintains the same number of PSSs 825, PBCHs 830, and SSSs 835 of SSB repetition pattern 805-A, but changes the relative timing. SSB repetition pattern 805-B includes grouping PSS 825 symbols and SSS 835, so that channel s / signals of the same type are consecutive.224921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)

[0095] SSB repetition pattern 805-C describes another example of changes the relative timing between PSSs 825, PBCHs 830, and SSSs 835. PSS 825 symbols can be consecutive, which can improve PSS 825 detection by a receiving device. SSS 835 symbols can be evenly distributed across all leftover symbols 815-D.

[0096] In some examples, SSB repetition patterns 805 describe an example of a scaling factor of 2 (e.g., K = 2). In some examples, the scaling factor can be larger, and more slots 820 than shown with reference to Fig. 8 can be repeated according to the example SSB patterns. SSB repetition patterns 805 can be scalable based on the SSB block of the reference carrier.

[0097] Figure 9 is a diagram of an example SSB timeline 900 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein. In some examples, SSB timeline 900 can be implemented by the UE, baseband circuitry of the UE, or another device.

[0098] Scaling bandwidth and SSBs can result in a timing mismatch between the timing of reference carrier 905 and carrier 910, where carrier 910 has a bandwidth greater than or less than the reference carrier 905. A maximum number of SSBs (NSSB) for time period 915 for scaled carriers can be defined to maintain consistent timing when scaling. This can result in a same SSB overhead of carriers (e.g., component carriers) with bandwidth smaller than reference carrier 905.

[0099] For example, when carrier 910 has a bandwidth greater than reference carrier 905, the maximum number of SSBs (NSSB) can be determined based on the carrier 910 frequency. The frequency of carrier 910 can be independent of the bandwidth of carrier 910.

[0100] When carrier 910 has a bandwidth greater than reference carrier 905, the maximum number of SSBs (iVSSB) can be determined based on parameters (e.g., BWcarrier, BWcarier’ SCSref). The maximum number of SSBs can be the maximum number of SSBs of reference carrier 905 (NSSB) divided by the scaling factor, as shown by the following expression:NSSB = f&K

[0101] For example, carrier 910 can be compared to reference carrier 905 to result in a K 'S fof 2. Reference carrier 905 can have a maximum number of SSBs of 4 (NSSB= 4), as shown234921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)by SSBO, SSB1, SSB2, and SSB3. Thus, the maximum number of SSBs of carrier 910 can be 2(NSSB=^SSB=2),asshown by SSBO and SSB1.

[0102] Figure 10 is a diagram of an example SSB timeline 1000 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein. Scaling bandwidth and SSBs can result in a timing mismatch between the overhead of the reference carrier and scaled carrier, where the scaled carrier has a bandwidth less the bandwidth of the reference carrier. Periodicity can be similarly adjusted to maintain the same SSB overhead. In some examples, the periodicity of the reference carriercan be the SSB. Synchronization (SYNC) rasters can be identified. SYNC rasters can indicate frequency positions that can have SSBs for the UE. The UE can search at the SYNC rasters to receive SSBs, such as part of an initial cell search process. In some examples, the reference carrier can support initial cell search.

[0103] Scaling periodicity can result in increased time. For example, periodicity 1015 includes 5 slots 1030, two of which have scheduled SSBs 1035. When scaling to scaled periodicity 1020- A, SSBs 1035 have a smaller bandwidth, and thus use more slots 1030 to have the same number of resources. For example, SSBs 1035 use 4 slots each when scaled to carri er b andwi dth 1010.

[0104] To scale the periodicity 1015 for a scaled carrier, the SSB period of a reference carrier can be determined. The periodicity 1015 of the reference carriercan correspond do the SSB period. Periodicity 1015 can be a reference periodicity, and can be scaled according to the scaling factor K to determine the scaled periodicity 1020 of the carrier (T55fi), as shown in the following expression:rri _ rriT'6f,SSB rrTsSB ~ ^default *

[0105] For example, reference carrier bandwidth 1005 can be 5 MHz, and periodicity 1015 can be 20 milliseconds (ms) (BW^rier= 5 MHz, T^^’t= 20 ms), as shown withreference to timeline 1025. For carrier bandwidth 1010 of 3 MHz, the K value can be 2 (K = {BW^rierIBWcarrier) = 2). Scaling periodicity 1015 of the reference carrier results in a scaled periodicity 1020 for the carrier of 40 ms (TSSB= T^^'t* =20*2=40 ms).

[0106] Figure 11 is a diagram of an example search occasion diagram 1100 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations244921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)described herein. Occasion diagram 1100 can support adjustment, or scaling, such that at least one SSB can be in each of two adjacent channel bandwidths. Scaling can include adjusting the step size 1115 of SYNC raster (A Feaster)-

[0107] For a carrier with a smaller bandwidth than the reference carrier, the step size 1115 of SYNC raster search occasions can be adjusted. For example, adjusting can include predefined values or application of an expression. In some examples, step size 1115 values for smaller bandwidths 1105 can be hard-encoded, such as part of a table.

[0108] For example, the UE can begin searching within bandwidth 1105-A for an SSB during search occasions 1110- A. Search occasions 1110- A can occur periodically, or with a consistent frequency, according to step size 1115-A.

[0109] In some examples, the UE may not receive the SSB during search occasions 1110-A associated with bandwidth 1105-A. In such examples, the UE can then search bandwidth 1105-B, which can be 3 MHz. The UE can search bandwidth 1105-B according to step size 1115-B. In some examples, step sizes 1115 can be defined such that search occasions 1110 occur at the same time for different bandwidth 1105-A. For example, step size 1115-B can be based on step size 1115-A.

[0110] Thus, search occasions 1110-A can occur with the same step size 1115-A in both bandwidth 1105-A and bandwidth 1105-B. In some examples, as the UE has previously searched search occasions 1110-A, the UE can only search the search occasions 1110-B, and refrain from searching search occasions 1110-A, increasing search efficiency.

[0111] Similarly, for bandwidth 1105-C of 1.4 MHz, the UE can search the search occasions if no SSB was received in bandwidth 1105-B. Step size 1115-C can be based on step size 1115-A or 1115-B. In some examples, the UE can search the search occasions 1110-C and refrain from searching the search occasions 1110-A and the search occasions 1110-B. In some examples, step size 1115 can be defined by the following expression, where step size 1115 (AF aSNter)canbe based on a carrier bandwidth (BWCarrier), the bandwidth of the SSB (BWA B) onthe carrier, and the step size of the carrier (AF^ste^)'-^FraSer = BWCarrier- BWSSB+

[0112] In some examples, step size 1115 can be based on the reference step size 1115 {AF^g^aster) of the reference carrier. For a carrier with smaller bandwidth 1105 than the254921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)reference bandwidth 1105, the step size 1115 of SYNC raster (d Foster)canbe defined by the following expressions:K = (BW^ / BW^rA pSYNC > A pSYNC i‘ rasteri rref .raster / **

[0113] For example, with a reference step size 115-A of 1000 kHz and a reference bandwidth 1105-A of 5 MHz, for bandwidth 1105-B of 3 MHz, the scaling factor can be 2 (K=2). Accordingly, step size 1115-B of the carrier can be 500 kHz, as shown in the following expression:A PSYNC. T-'SVNC ref .raster 1Fr aster ~ ~ 500 kHzK

[0114] In some examples, scaling factor K can be otherwise encoded. Similarly, for a reference step size 1105-A of 1000 kHz and a reference bandwidth 1105-A of 5 MHz, for bandwidth 1105-C of 1.4 MHz, the scaling factor can be 4 (K=4). Therefore, step size 1115-C can be 250 kHz.

[0115] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example process 1200 for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein. As shown, process 1200 be performed by UE 210 and RAN 222. Operations described as being performed by UE 210 can be performed, at least in part, by baseband circuitry of UE 210. RAN 222 can be implemented by base station 222 or another type of network access point. Some or all of process 1200 can be performed by one or more other systems or devices, including one or more of the devices of Fig. 1. Additionally, process 1200 can include one or more fewer, additional, differently ordered, and / or arranged operations than those shown in Fig. 12. Some or all of the operations of process 1200 can be performed independently, successively, simultaneously, etc., of one or more of the other operations of process 1200. As such, the techniques described herein are not limited to the number, sequence, arrangement, timing, etc., of the operations or processes depicted in Fig. 12.

[0116] As shown, process 1200 can include adjusting parameters of narrowband transmissions (at 1210). For example, UE 210 can for scaling components of a narrowband carrier based on a reference carrier. For example, UE 210 can scale SCS, RBs, etc., based on264921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)the reference carrier. In some examples, the UE 210 can adjust SSB slot configurations for the carrier, such as by dividing SSBs into mini-SSBs over multiple slots. Further, SSB patterns can be defined for half slots and full slots. Frequency of monitoring for synchronization signals can be determined based on the reference carrier.

[0117] Process 1200 can also include searching an SSB (at 1220). UE 210 can perform a SYNC raster initial search by searching for an SSB from RAN 222 during search occasions. The search occasions can occur according to a step size. The UE can scale the step size for carriers based on the reference carrier.

[0118] Process 1200 can include receiving the SSB (at 1230). In some examples, UE 210 can receive one or more SSBs from RAN 222 according to the search occasions and narrowband parameters. Narrowband parameters can include SCS, bandwidth, etc.

[0119] Figure 13 is a diagram of an example of components of a device according to one or more implementations described herein. In some implementations, the device 1300 can include application circuitry 1302, baseband circuitry 1304, RF circuitry 1306, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1308, one or more antennas 1310, and power management circuitry (PMC) 1312 coupled together at least as shown. In some implementations, device 1300 can include fewer elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 1302, and can instead include a processor / controller to process data received from a core network. In some implementations, device 1300 can include additional elements such as, for example, memory / storage, display, camera, sensor (including one or more temperature sensors, such as a single temperature sensor, a plurality of temperature sensors at different locations in device 1300, etc.), or input / output (I / O) interface. In other implementations, the components described below can be included in more than one device (e.g., said circuitries can be separately included in more than one device for cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations).

[0120] The application circuitry 1302 can include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 1302 can include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) can include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors can be coupled with or can include memory / storage and can be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 1300. In some implementations, processors of application circuitry 1302 can process data packets received from a core network.274921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)

[0121] The baseband circuitry 1304 can include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Baseband circuitry 1304 can include one or more baseband processors or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of RF circuitry 1306 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of RF circuitry 1306. Baseband circuitry 1304 can interface with application circuitry 1302 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of RF circuitry 1306. For example, in some implementations, baseband circuitry 1304 can include a 3G baseband processor 1304A, a 4G baseband processor 1304B, a 5G baseband processor 1304C, or other baseband processor(s) 1304D for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., 5G, 6G, 7G, etc.).

[0122] Baseband circuitry 1304 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 1304A-1304D) can handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via RF circuitry 1306. In other implementations, some or all of the functionality of baseband processors 1304A-1304D can be included in modules stored in memory 1304G and executed via a central processing unit (CPU) 1304E. The radio control functions can include, but are not limited to, signal modulation / demodulation, encoding / decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some implementations, modulation / demodulation circuitry of baseband circuitry 1304 can include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, or constellation mapping / de-mapping functionality. In some implementations, encoding / decoding circuitry of baseband circuitry 1304 can include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, or low-density parity check (LDPC) encoder / decoder functionality. Implementations of modulation / demodulation and encoder / decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and can include other suitable functionality in other implementations.

[0123] In some implementations, memory 1304G can receive and / or store information and instructions for enabling UE 210, and / or one or more components thereof, to support wireless communications on a narrowband carrier. For example, the information and instructions can cause and / or enable UE 210 to scale components of a narrowband carrier based on a reference carrier. For example, components and parameters, such as the numerology, the number of symbols of a signal, the number of resource blocks of a signal, and timing of signals can be scaled with reference to the reference carrier. In some examples, parameters of synchronization signals can be defined for a narrowband carrier. For example, varying symbol patterns can be defined for synchronization signals. Frequency of monitoring for synchronization signals can be determined based on the reference carrier. These and many other features and examples are described herein.284921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)

[0124] In some implementations, the baseband circuitry 1304 can include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 1304F. The audio DSPs 1304F can include elements for compression / decompression and echo cancellation and can include other suitable processing elements in other implementations. Components of the baseband circuitry can be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some implementations. In some implementations, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1304 and the application circuitry 1302 can be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

[0125] In some implementations, the baseband circuitry 1304 can provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some implementations, the baseband circuitry 1304 can support communication with a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN), an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), etc. Implementations in which the baseband circuitry 1304 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol can be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

[0126] RF circuitry 1306 can enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various implementations, RF circuitry 806 can include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc., to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 1306 can include a receive signal path which can include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from FEM circuitry 1308 and provide baseband signals to baseband circuitry 1304. RF circuitry 1306 can also include a transmit signal path which can include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by baseband circuitry 1304 and provide RF output signals to FEM circuitry 1308 for transmission.

[0127] In some implementations, the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1306 can include mixer circuitry 1306A, amplifier circuitry 1306B and filter circuitry 1306C. In some implementations, the transmit signal path of RF circuitry 1306 can include filter circuitry 1306C and mixer circuitry 1306 A. RF circuitry 1306 can also include synthesizer circuitry 1306D for synthesizing a frequency for use by mixer circuitry 1306 A of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some implementations, mixer circuitry 1306 A of the receive signal path can be configured to down-convert RF signals received from FEM circuitry 1308 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1306D. Amplifier circuitry 1306B can be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and filter 294921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)circuitry 1306C can be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals can be provided to baseband circuitry 1304 for further processing. In some implementations, the output baseband signals can be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this may not be a requirement. In some implementations, mixer circuitry 1306A of the receive signal path can comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the implementations is not limited in this respect.

[0128] In some implementations, the mixer circuitry 1306 A of the transmit signal path can be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1306D to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 1308. The baseband signals can be provided by the baseband circuitry 1304 and can be filtered by filter circuitry 1306C.

[0129] In some implementations, mixer circuitry 1306 A of the transmit signal path can be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1306D to generate RF output signals for FEM circuitry 1308. The baseband signals can be provided by baseband circuitry 1304 and can be filtered by filter circuitry 1306C. In some implementations, mixer circuitry 1306A of the receive signal path and mixer circuitry 1306 A of the transmit signal path can include two or more mixers and can be arranged for quadrature down conversion and up conversion, respectively. In some implementations, mixer circuitry 1306A of the receive signal path and mixer circuitry 1306A of the transmit signal path can include two or more mixers and can be arranged for image rejection. In some implementations, mixer circuitry 1306 A of the receive signal path and mixer circuitry 1306 A can be arranged for direct down conversion and direct up conversion, respectively. In some implementations, mixer circuitry 1306A of the receive signal path and mixer circuitry 1306 A of the transmit signal path can be configured for super-heterodyne operation.

[0130] In some implementations, the output baseband signals, and the input baseband signals can be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the implementations is not limited in this respect. In some alternate implementations, the output baseband signals, and the input baseband signals can be digital baseband signals. In these alternate implementations, RF circuitry 1306 can include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and baseband circuitry 1304 can include a digital baseband interface to communicate with RF circuitry 1306.304921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)

[0131] In some dual-mode implementations, a separate radio integrated circuit (IC circuitry can be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the implementations is not limited in this respect. In some implementations, the synthesizer circuitry 1306D can be a fractional -N synthesizer or a fractional N / N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the implementations is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers can be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 1306D can be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

[0132] Synthesizer circuitry 1306D can be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by mixer circuitry 1306 A of RF circuitry 1306 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some implementations, synthesizer circuitry 1306D can be a fractional N / N+l synthesizer. In some implementations, frequency input can be provided by a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). Divider control input can be provided by either baseband circuitry 1304 or the applications circuitry 1302 depending on the desired output frequency. In some implementations, a divider control input (e.g., N) can be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications circuitry 1302.

[0133] Synthesizer circuitry 1306D of RF circuitry 1306 can include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer, and a phase accumulator. In some implementations, the divider can be a dual modulus divider (DMD), and the phase accumulator can be a digital phase accumulator (DPA). In some implementations, the DMD can be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+l (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example implementations, the DLL can include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these implementations, the delay elements can be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[0134] In some implementations, synthesizer circuitry 1306D can be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other implementations, the output frequency can be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some implementations, the output frequency can be a314921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)LO frequency (fLO). In some implementations, RF circuitry 1306 can include an in-phase / quadrature (I / Q) / polar converter.

[0135] FEM circuitry 1308 can include a receive signal path which can include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1310, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to RF circuitry 1306 for further processing. FEM circuitry 1308 can also include a transmit signal path which can include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by RF circuitry 1306 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1310. In various implementations, the amplification through the transmit or receive signal paths can be done solely in RF circuitry 1306, solely in FEM circuitry 1308, or in both RF circuitry 1306 and FEM circuitry 1308.

[0136] In some implementations, the FEM circuitry 1308 can include a TX / RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry can include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry can include a low noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 1306). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1308 can include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 1306), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1310).

[0137] In some implementations, the PMC 1312 can manage power provided to the baseband circuitry 1304. In particular, PMC 1312 can control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or direct current (DC) to DC (DC-to-DC) conversion. PMC 1312 can often be included when device 1300 is capable of being powered by a battery, for example, when device 1300 is included in a UE. PMC 1312 can increase the power conversion efficiency while providing desirable implementation size and heat dissipation characteristics.

[0138] While Fig. 13 shows PMC 1312 coupled only with the baseband circuitry 1304, in other implementations, PMC 1312 can be additionally or alternatively coupled with, and perform similar power management operations for, other components such as, but not limited to, application circuitry 1302, RF circuitry 1306, or FEM circuitry 1308.

[0139] In some implementations, the PMC 1312 can control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of device 1300. For example, if device 1300 is in an RRC Connected state, where device 1300 is still connected to the RAN node as device 1300 expects to receive traffic shortly, then device 1300 can enter a state known as discontinuous 324921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)reception mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, device 1300 can power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.

[0140] If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, then device 1300 can transition off to an RRC Idle state, where device 1300 disconnects from the network and does not perform operations such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. Device 1300 can go into a very low power state and device 1300 can perform paging where again device 1300 periodically can wake up to listen to the network and then power down again. Device 1300 may not receive data in this state; in order to receive data, device 1300 can transition back to RRC Connected state.

[0141] An additional power saving mode can allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours). During this time, the device 1300 can be unreachable to the network and can power down completely. Any data sent during this time can incur a large delay and device 1300 can assume the delay is acceptable.

[0142] Processors of application circuitry 1302 and processors of baseband circuitry 1304 can be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack. For example, processors of baseband circuitry 1304, alone or in combination, can be used execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of baseband circuitry 1304 can utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers). As referred to herein, Layer 3 can comprise a radio resource control layer. As referred to herein, Layer 2 can comprise a medium access control layer, a radio link control layer, and a packet data convergence protocol layer, described in further detail below. As referred to herein, Layer 1 can comprise a physical layer of a UE / RAN node.

[0143] Figure 14 is a diagram of example interfaces 1400 of baseband circuitry according to one or more implementations described herein. One or more components or features of example interfaces 1400 can correspond to one or more components or features described above or elsewhere. Baseband circuitry 1404 can comprise processors 1404A, 1404B, 1404C, 1404D, and 1404E and a memory 1404G utilized by said processors. Each of the processors 1404 A, 1404B, 1404C, 1404D, and 1404E can include a memory interface, 1406 A, 1406B, 1406C, 1406D, and 1406E, respectively, to send / receive data to / from the memory 1404G. Baseband circuitry can be a component of a UE and / or another type of device or system capable of transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals.334921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)

[0144] In some implementations, memory 1404G can receive, store, and / or provide information and instructions for supporting wireless communications on a narrowband carrier. For example, the information and instructions can support scaling components of a narrowband carrier based on a reference carrier. For example, components and parameters, such as the numerology, the number of symbols of a signal, the number of resource blocks of a signal, and timing of signals can be scaled with reference to the reference carrier. In some examples, parameters of synchronization signals can be defined for a narrowband carrier. For example, varying symbol patterns can be defined for synchronization signals. Frequency of monitoring for synchronization signals can be determined based on the reference carrier. These and many other features and examples are described herein.

[0145] Baseband circuitry 1404 can further include one or more interfaces to communicatively couple to other circuitries / devices, such as a memory interface 1412 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from memory external to baseband circuitry 1404), an application circuitry interface 1414 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from the application circuitry as described herein), an RF circuitry interface 1416, a wireless hardware connectivity interface 1418 (e.g., an interface to send / receive data to / from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components), and a power management interface 1420 (e.g., an interface to send / receive power or control signals to / from a PMC).

[0146] Figure 15 is a block diagram illustrating components, according to some example implementations, able to read instructions from a machine-readable or computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium) and perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. Specifically, Fig. 15 shows a diagrammatic representation of hardware resources 1500 including one or more processors 1510 (or processor cores), one or more memory / storage devices 1520, and one or more communication resources 1530, each of which can be communicatively coupled via a bus 1540. For implementations where node virtualization or network function virtualization is utilized, a hypervisor can be executed to provide an execution environment for one or more network slices / sub-slices to utilize hardware resources 1500. Hardware resources 1500 can interact with hypervisor 1502. For example, hypervisor 1502 can schedule or otherwise manage hardware resource 1500.

[0147] The processors 1510 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a 344921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP) such as a baseband processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) can include, for example, a processor 1512 and a processor 1514.

[0148] The memory / storage devices 1520 can include main memory, disk storage, or any suitable combination thereof. The memory / storage devices 1520 can include, but are not limited to any type of volatile or non-volatile memory such as dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory, solid-state storage, etc.

[0149] In some implementations, memory / storage devices 1520 receive and / or store information and instructions 1555 for supporting wireless communications on a narrowband carrier. For example, the information and instructions 1555 can cause and / or enable scaling components of a narrowband carrier based on a reference carrier. For example, components and parameters, such as the numerology, the number of symbols of a signal, the number of resource blocks of a signal, and timing of signals can be scaled with reference to the reference carrier. In some examples, parameters of synchronization signals can be defined for a narrowband carrier. For example, varying symbol patterns can be defined for synchronization signals. Frequency of monitoring for synchronization signals can be determined based on the reference carrier. These and many other features and examples are described herein.

[0150] Communication resources 1530 can include interconnection or network interface components or other suitable devices to communicate with one or more peripheral devices 1504 or one or more databases 1506 via a network 1508. For example, communication resources 1530 can include wired communication components (e.g., for coupling via a universal serial bus), cellular communication components, near field communication components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components.

[0151] Instructions 1550A, 1550B, 1550C, 1550D, and / or 1550E can comprise software, a program, an application, an applet, an app, or other executable code for causing at least any of processors 1510 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.Instructions 1550 can reside, completely or partially, within at least one of processors 1510 (e.g., within a cache memory), memory / storage devices 1520, or any suitable combination thereof. Furthermore, any portion of instructions 1550A-1550E can be transferred to354921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)hardware resources 1500 from any combination of peripheral devices 1504 or databases 1506. Accordingly, memory of processors 1510, memory / storage devices 1520, peripheral devices 1504, and databases 1506 are examples of computer-readable and machine-readable media.

[0152] Figure 16 is a diagram of an example process for wireless communications on a narrowband carrier according to one or more implementations described herein. Process 1600 can be implemented by UE 210, baseband circuitry, or both. In some implementations, some or all of process 1600 can be performed by one or more other systems or devices, including one or more of the devices of Fig. 2. Additionally, process 1600 can include one or more fewer, additional, differently ordered and / or arranged operations than those shown in Fig. 16. In some implementations, some or all of the operations of process 1600 can be performed independently, successively, simultaneously, etc., of one or more of the other operations of process 1600. As such, the techniques described herein are not limited to a number, sequence, arrangement, timing, etc., of the operations or processes depicted in Fig. 16.

[0153] Process 1600 can include determining parameters of a first carrier comprising a bandwidth and a subcarrier spacing (SCS) and reference parameters of a second carrier comprising a reference bandwidth and a reference SCS, wherein the second carrier is a reference carrier (block 1610). Process 1600 can include determining an adjusted parameter associated with one or more of the parameters of the first carrier when the bandwidth of the first carrier is smaller than the reference bandwidth of the second carrier (block 1620).Process 1600 can include receiving one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) on the first carrier according to the adjusted parameters (block 1630).

[0154] Examples and / or implementations herein can include subject matter such as a method, means for performing acts or blocks of the method, at least one machine-readable medium including executable instructions that, when performed by a machine (e.g., a processor (e.g., processor, etc.) with memory, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or the like) cause the machine to perform acts of the method or of an apparatus or system for concurrent communication using multiple communication technologies according to implementations and examples described.Implementations and examples described can be performed by UE 210, baseband circuitry of the UE, or another device, such as a base station or RAN as described herein, and can include methods of the procedures described.

[0155] In example 1, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, a UE (e.g., UE 210) can comprise: a memory; and one or more processors configured 364921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)to, when executing instructions stored in the memory, cause UE 210 to: identify parameters of a first carrier comprising a bandwidth and a subcarrier spacing (SCS); identify reference parameters of a second carrier comprising a reference bandwidth and a reference SCS, wherein the second carrier is a reference carrier; determine one or more adjusted parameters associated with at least one of the parameters of the first carrier when the bandwidth of the first carrier is smaller than the reference bandwidth of the second carrier; and receive one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) on the first carrier according to the one or more adjusted parameters.

[0156] In example 2, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; and determine an adjusted SCS of the first carrier corresponding to the reference SCS of the second reference carrier by dividing the reference SCS by the determined scaling factor, wherein the one or more adjusted parameters comprise the adjusted SCS.

[0157] In example 3, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: determine the one or more adjusted parameters according to a table, wherein the table comprises bandwidth values and adjusted SCS values of the first carrier, reference bandwidth values and reference SCS values of the second carrier, wherein each entry of the table comprises at least one of each of the reference bandwidth values, the reference SCS values, the bandwidth values, and the adjusted SCS values, and wherein each of the adjusted SCS values are based on dividing each of the reference SCS values of the first carrier by a scaling factor comprising a ratio of a corresponding reference bandwidth and the corresponding bandwidth.

[0158] In example 4, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; and determine an adjusted quantity of symbols for an SSB for the first carrier based on a product of a reference quantity of symbols of the second carrier and the determined scaling factor, wherein: the parameters comprise the quantity of symbols, the reference parameters comprise the reference quantity of symbols, and the one or more adjusted parameters comprise the adjusted quantity of symbols.

[0159] In example 5, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: receive, when 374921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)the adjusted quantity of symbols for the SSB on the first carrier is less than a maximum quantity of symbols of a slot, the SSB according to the adjusted quantity of symbols consecutively within the slot.

[0160] In example 6, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: determine, when the adjusted quantity of symbols of an SSB on the first carrier is greater than the maximum quantity of symbols of a slot, a quantity of consecutive slots by dividing the adjusted quantity of symbols of the SSB by the maximum quantity of symbols of the slot; and determine a quantity of consecutive symbols within each slot of the quantity of consecutive slots, by dividing the adjusted quantity of symbols by the quantity of consecutive slots; and receive the SSB according to the quantity of consecutive slots and the determined quantity of consecutive symbols within each slot.

[0161] In example 7, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of a reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; and determine an adjusted quantity of resource blocks for a partial SSB on the first carrier by dividing a quantity of reference resource blocks of the second carrier by the determined scaling factor, the reference parameters comprise the quantity of reference resource blocks, and the one or more adjusted parameters comprise an adjusted quantity of resource blocks.

[0162] In example 8, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, each of the one or more SSBs on the first carrier comprises a quantity of consecutive partial SSBs based on the determined scaling factor, and each partial SSB comprises the adjusted quantity of resource blocks.

[0163] In example 9, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, each of one or more reference SSBs on the second carrier comprise one or more reference SSB patterns comprising all symbols in a half-slot or in a full slot, wherein the SSB pattern comprises primary synchronization signals (PSSs), secondary synchronization signal (SSSs), and physical broadcast channels (PBCHs), wherein each is mapped to one or more symbols of the half-slot or the full slot.

[0164] In example 10, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more reference SSB patterns comprise the PSSs of a reference SSB block mapped to consecutive symbols, the SSSs of the reference SSB block mapped to consecutive symbols, and the PBCHSs are mapped to remaining symbols, or the PSSs of a reference SSB 384921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)block are mapped to consecutive symbols, the SSSs of the reference SSB block are mapped to evenly distributed symbols after excluding the symbols used for PSS transmission, and PBCHs are mapped to remaining symbols.

[0165] In example 11, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more SSBs on the first carrier comprise: a quantity of repetitions of the reference SSB pattern, wherein the quantity of repetitions is based on a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier to the bandwidth of the first carrier, and the PSSs in the SSB are mapped to consecutive symbols and the SSSs in the SSB is mapped to symbols across a full slot, or the PSSs in the SSB are mapped to consecutive symbols and the SSSs in the SSB are mapped to evenly distributed symbols between PBCH symbols across a full slot.

[0166] In example 12, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; and determine a first maximum quantity of SSBs for the first carrier based on dividing a second maximum quantity of SSBs of the second reference carrier by the scaling factor.

[0167] In example 13, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier, the reference parameters comprise a reference periodicity, and the one or more adjusted parameters comprise an adjusted periodicity; and determine the adjusted periodicity by dividing the reference periodicity of the second carrier by the determined scaling factor.

[0168] In example 14, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the one or more processors are further configured to cause UE 210 to: determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second reference carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier, the reference parameters comprise a reference synchronization raster step size, and the one or more adjusted parameters comprise an adjusted synchronization raster step size for the first carrier; determine the adjusted synchronization raster step size for the first carrier by dividing the reference synchronization raster step size by the determined scaling factor; perform a search of search occasions for the one or more SSBs according to the adjusted synchronization raster step size, wherein the394921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)adjusted synchronization raster step size comprises a time between the search occasions; and receive the one or more SSBs according to the search occasions.

[0169] In example 15, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, a method can comprise: identifying parameters of a first carrier comprising a bandwidth and a subcarrier spacing (SCS); identifying reference parameters of a second carrier comprising a reference bandwidth and a reference SCS, wherein the second carrier is a reference carrier; determining one or more adjusted parameters associated with at least one of the parameters of the first carrier when the bandwidth of the first carrier is smaller than the reference bandwidth of the second carrier; and receiving one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) on the first carrier according to the one or more adjusted parameters.

[0170] In example 16, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the method can further comprise: determining a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; and determining an adjusted SCS of the first carrier corresponding to the reference SCS of the second reference carrier by dividing the reference SCS by the determined scaling factor, wherein the one or more adjusted parameters comprise the adjusted SCS.

[0171] In example 17, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the method can further comprise: determining the one or more adjusted parameters according to a table, wherein the table comprises bandwidth values and adjusted SCS values of the first carrier, reference bandwidth values and reference SCS values of the second carrier, wherein each entry of the table comprises at least one of each of the reference bandwidth values, the reference SCS values, the bandwidth values, and the adjusted SCS values, and wherein each of the adjusted SCS values are based on dividing each of the reference SCS values of the first carrier by a scaling factor comprising a ratio of a corresponding reference bandwidth and the corresponding bandwidth.

[0172] In example 18, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the method can further comprise: determining a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; and determining an adjusted quantity of symbols for an SSB for the first carrier based on a product of a reference quantity of symbols of the second carrier and the determined scaling factor, wherein: the parameters comprise the quantity of symbols, the reference parameters comprise the reference quantity of symbols, and the one or more adjusted parameters comprise the adjusted quantity of symbols.404921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)

[0173] In example 19, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, the method can further comprise: receiving, when the adjusted quantity of symbols for the SSB on the first carrier is less than a maximum quantity of symbols of a slot, the SSB according to the adjusted quantity of symbols consecutively within the slot.

[0174] In example 20, which can also include one or more of the examples described herein, a baseband circuitry can comprise: a memory; and one or more processors configured to, when executing instructions stored in the memory, cause the base band circuitry to: identify parameters of a first carrier comprising a bandwidth and a subcarrier spacing (SCS); identify reference parameters of a second reference carrier comprising a reference bandwidth and a reference SCS; determine one or more adjusted parameters associated with at least one of the parameters for the first carrier when the bandwidth of the first carrier is smaller than the reference bandwidth of the second reference carrier; and decode one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) sent on the first carrier according to the one or more adjusted parameters.

[0175] The examples discussed above also extend to method, computer-readable medium, and means-plus-function claims and implementations, any of which can include one or more of the features or operations of any one or combination of the examples mentioned above.

[0176] The above description of illustrated examples, implementations, aspects, etc., of the subject disclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed aspects to the precise forms disclosed. While specific examples, implementations, aspects, etc., are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possible that are considered within the scope of such examples, implementations, aspects, etc., as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.

[0177] In this regard, while the disclosed subject matter has been described in connection with various examples, implementations, aspects, etc., and corresponding Figures, where applicable, it is to be understood that other similar aspects can be used or modifications and additions can be made to the disclosed subject matter for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitute function of the subject matter without deviating therefrom.Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single example, implementation, or aspect described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

[0178] In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components or structures (assemblies, devices, circuits, systems, etc.), the terms (including a 414921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)reference to a “means”) used to describe such components are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any component or structure which performs the specified function of the described component (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary implementations. In addition, while a particular feature can have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature can be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as can be desired and advantageous for any given application.

[0179] As used herein, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.” Additionally, in situations wherein one or more numbered items are discussed (e.g., a “first X”, a “second X”, etc.), in general the one or more numbered items can be distinct, or they can be the same, although in some situations the context can indicate that they are distinct or that they are the same.

[0180] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.424921-2267-8928, v. 4

Claims

Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A user equipment (UE), comprising:a memory; andone or more processors configured to, when executing instructions stored in the memory, cause the UE to:determine parameters of a first carrier comprising a bandwidth and a subcarrier spacing (SCS) and reference parameters of a second carrier comprising a reference bandwidth and a reference SCS, wherein the second carrier is a reference carrier; determine an adjusted parameter associated with one or more of the parameters of the first carrier when the bandwidth of the first carrier is smaller than the reference bandwidth of the second carrier; andreceive one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) on the first carrier according to the adjusted parameters.

2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; anddetermine an adjusted SCS of the first carrier corresponding to the reference SCS of the second carrier by dividing the reference SCS by the determined scaling factor, wherein the adjusted parameter comprises the adjusted SCS.

3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:determine the adjusted parameter according to a table, wherein the table comprises bandwidth values and adjusted SCS values of the first carrier, reference bandwidth values and reference SCS values of the second carrier, wherein each entry of the table comprises one or more of each of the reference bandwidth values, the reference SCS values, the bandwidth values, and the adjusted SCS values, andwherein each of the adjusted SCS values are based on dividing each of the reference SCS values of the first carrier by a scaling factor comprising a ratio of a corresponding reference bandwidth and a corresponding bandwidth.434921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)4. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; anddetermine an adjusted quantity of symbols for an SSB for the first carrier based on a product of a reference quantity of symbols of the second carrier and the determined scaling factor, wherein the reference parameters comprise the reference quantity of symbols, and the adjusted parameter comprises the adjusted quantity of symbols.

5. The UE of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:receive, when the adjusted quantity of symbols for the SSB on the first carrier is less than a maximum quantity of symbols of a slot, the SSB according to the adjusted quantity of symbols consecutively within the slot.

6. The UE of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:determine, when the adjusted quantity of symbols of an SSB on the first carrier is greater than a maximum quantity of symbols of a slot, a quantity of consecutive slots by dividing the adjusted quantity of symbols of the SSB by the maximum quantity of symbols of the slot; and determine a quantity of consecutive symbols within each slot of the quantity of consecutive slots, by dividing the adjusted quantity of symbols by the quantity of consecutive slots; andreceive the SSB according to the quantity of consecutive slots and the determined quantity of consecutive symbols within each slot.

7. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of a reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; anddetermine an adjusted quantity of resource blocks for a partial SSB on the first carrier by dividing a quantity of reference resource blocks of the second carrier by the determined444921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)scaling factor, the reference parameters comprise the quantity of reference resource blocks, and the adjusted parameter comprises an adjusted quantity of resource blocks.

8. The UE of claim 7, wherein each of the one or more SSBs on the first carrier comprises a quantity of consecutive partial SSBs based on the determined scaling factor, and each partial SSB comprises the adjusted quantity of resource blocks.

9. The UE of claim 1, wherein each of one or more reference SSBs on the second carrier comprise one or more reference SSB patterns comprising all symbols in a half-slot or in a full slot, wherein the SSB pattern comprises primary synchronization signals (PSSs), secondary synchronization signal (SSSs), and physical broadcast channels (PBCHs), wherein each is mapped to one or more symbols of the half-slot or the full slot.

10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the one or more reference SSB patterns comprise:the PSSs of a reference SSB block mapped to consecutive symbols, the SSSs of the reference SSB block mapped to consecutive symbols, and the PBCHs are mapped to remaining symbols, orthe PSSs of a reference SSB block are mapped to consecutive symbols, the SSSs of the reference SSB block are mapped to evenly distributed symbols after excluding the symbols used for PSS transmission, and PBCHs are mapped to remaining symbols.

11. The UE of claim 9, wherein the one or more SSBs on the first carrier comprise:a quantity of repetitions of one of the one or more reference SSB patterns, wherein the quantity of repetitions is based on a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier to the bandwidth of the first carrier, andthe PSSs in the SSB are mapped to consecutive symbols and the SSSs in the SSB is mapped to symbols across a full slot, orthe PSSs in the SSB are mapped to consecutive symbols and the SSSs in the SSB are mapped to evenly distributed symbols between PBCH symbols across a full slot.

12. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; and454921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)determine a first maximum quantity of SSBs for the first carrier based on dividing a second maximum quantity of SSBs of the second carrier by the scaling factor.

13. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier, the reference parameters comprise a reference periodicity, and the adjusted parameter comprises an adjusted periodicity; and determine the adjusted periodicity by dividing the reference periodicity of the second carrier by the determined scaling factor.

14. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to:determine a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier, the reference parameters comprise a reference synchronization raster step size, and the adjusted parameters comprises an adjusted synchronization raster step size for the first carrier;determine the adjusted synchronization raster step size for the first carrier by dividing the reference synchronization raster step size by the determined scaling factor;perform a search of search occasions for the one or more SSBs according to the adjusted synchronization raster step size, wherein the adjusted synchronization raster step size comprises a time between the search occasions; andreceive the one or more SSBs according to the search occasions.

15. A method at a user equipment (UE), comprising:determining parameters of a first carrier comprising a bandwidth and a subcarrier spacing (SCS) and reference parameters of a second carrier comprising a reference bandwidth and a reference SCS, wherein the second carrier is a reference carrier;determining an adjusted parameter associated with one or more of the parameters of the first carrier when the bandwidth of the first carrier is smaller than the reference bandwidth of the second carrier; andreceiving one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) on the first carrier according to the adjusted parameter.464921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:determining a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; anddetermining an adjusted SCS of the first carrier corresponding to the reference SCS of the second carrier by dividing the reference SCS by the determined scaling factor, wherein the adjusted parameter comprises the adjusted SCS.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:determining the adjusted parameter according to a table, wherein the table comprises bandwidth values and adjusted SCS values of the first carrier, reference bandwidth values and reference SCS values of the second carrier, wherein each entry of the table comprises one or more of each of the reference bandwidth values, the reference SCS values, the bandwidth values, and the adjusted SCS values, andwherein each of the adjusted SCS values are based on dividing each of the reference SCS values of the first carrier by a scaling factor comprising a ratio of a corresponding reference bandwidth and a corresponding bandwidth.

18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:determining a scaling factor comprising a ratio of the reference bandwidth of the second carrier and the bandwidth of the first carrier; anddetermining an adjusted quantity of symbols for an SSB for the first carrier based on a product of a reference quantity of symbols of the second carrier and the determined scaling factor, the reference parameters comprise the reference quantity of symbols, and the adjusted parameter comprises the adjusted quantity of symbols.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:receiving, when the adjusted quantity of symbols for the SSB on the first carrier is less than a maximum quantity of symbols of a slot, the SSB according to the adjusted quantity of symbols consecutively within the slot.

20. Baseband circuitry, comprising:a memory; andone or more processors configured to, when executing instructions stored in the memory, cause the baseband circuitry to:474921-2267-8928, v. 4Attorney Docket No.: 106842260740 (P71551WO1)determine parameters of a first carrier comprising a bandwidth and a subcarrier spacing (SCS) reference parameters of a second carrier comprising a reference bandwidth and a reference SCS;determine an adjusted parameter associated with one or more of the parameters for the first carrier when the bandwidth of the first carrier is smaller than the reference bandwidth of the second carrier; anddecode one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) sent on the first carrier according to the adjusted parameter.4921-2267-8928, v. 4

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