CSI processing units for prediction

Abstract

A method comprises determining, by a wireless device, a number of channel state information (CSI) processing units (CPUs), based on at least one reference signal (RS) of one or more first RSs for predicting measurements of one or more second RSs being same as at least one RS of one or more third RSs for predicting measurements of one or more fourth RSs. The method further comprises transmitting at least one CSI report. The at least one CSI report is determined based on the number of CPUs.

Description

Docket No.25-1050PCTTITLE CSI Processing Units for PredictionCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U. S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 778,670, filed March 27, 2025, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings.

[0003] FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate example mobile communication networks in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0004] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate a New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol stack.

[0005] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG.2A.

[0006] FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG. 2A.

[0007] FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.

[0008] FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively illustrate a mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels for the downlink and uplink.

[0009] FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE.

[0010] FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped.

[0011] FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time and frequency domain for an NR carrier.

[0012] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier.

[0013] FIG. 10A illustrates three carrier aggregation configurations with two component carriers.

[0014] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may be configured into one or more PUCCH groups.

[0015] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS / PBCH block structure and location.

[0016] FIG. 11 B illustrates an example of CSI-RSs that are mapped in the time and frequency domains.

[0017] FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B respectively illustrate examples of three downlink and uplink beam management procedures.

[0018] FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 13C respectively illustrate a four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and another two-step random access procedure.

[0019] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations fora bandwidth part.

[0020] FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing.

[0021] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device in communication with a base station.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0022] FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, FIG. 16C, and FIG. 16D illustrate example structures for uplink and downlink transmission.

[0023] FIG. 17 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 18 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 19 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 20 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 21 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 22A and FIG. 22B illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 23A and FIG. 23B illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 24 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 25 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 26 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 27 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 28 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 29 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 30 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In the present disclosure, various embodiments are presented as examples of how the disclosed techniques may be implemented and / or how the disclosed techniques may be practiced in environments and scenarios. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the scope. In fact, after reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art how to implement alternative embodiments. The present embodiments should not be limited by any of the described exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Limitations, features, and / or elements from the disclosed example embodiments may be combined to create further embodiments within the scope of the disclosure. Any figures which highlight the functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposes only. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible and configurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than that shown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may be re-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

[0038] Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosed mechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example, in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, a combination of the above, and / or the like. Example criteria may be based, at least in part, on for example, wireless device or network node configurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packet sizes, traffic characteristics, a combination of theDocket No.25-1050PCTabove, and / or the like. When the one or more criteria are met, various example embodiments may be applied.Therefore, it may be possible to implement example embodiments that selectively implement disclosed protocols.

[0039] A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wireless devices and / or base stations may support multiple technologies, and / or multiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have some specific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and / or capabil ity(ies). When this disclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality of wireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the total wireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, for example, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G release with a given capability and in a given sector of the base station. The plurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selected plurality of wireless devices, and / or a subset of total wireless devices in a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and / or the like. There may be a plurality of base stations or a plurality of wireless devices in a coverage area that may not comply with the disclosed methods, for example, those wireless devices or base stations may perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

[0040] In this disclosure, "a” and “an” and similar phrases are to be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any term that ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to be interpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” is indicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed by one or more of the various embodiments. The terms “comprises” and “consists of”, as used herein, enumerate one or more components of the element being described. The term “comprises” is interchangeable with “includes" and does not exclude unenumerated components from being included in the element being described. By contrast, “consists of1provides a complete enumeration of the one or more components of the element being described. The term “based on”, as used herein, should be interpreted as “based at least in part on” rather than, for example, “based solely on”. The term “and / or” as used herein represents any possible combination of enumerated elements. For example, “A, B, and / or C” may represent A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C.

[0041] If A and B are sets and every element of A is an element of B, A is called a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets and subsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B = {celH, cell2} are: {celH }, {cell2}, and {celH, cell2}. The phrase “based on” (or equally “based at least on”) is indicative that the phrase following the term “based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equally “in response at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “in response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “depending on” (or equally “depending at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “depending on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “employing / using” (or equally “employing / using at least') is indicative that the phrase following the phraseDocket No.25-1050PCT“employing / using” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

[0042] The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured may refer to specific settings in a device that affect or implement the operational characteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware, registers, memory values, and / or the like may be “configured” within a device, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state, to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “a control message to cause in a device” may mean that a control message has parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics or may be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state.

[0043] In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, or Information elements: lEs) may comprise one or more information objects, and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter (IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprises parameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, and N comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messages comprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that a parameter in the plurality of parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages, but does not have to be in each of the one or more messages.

[0044] Many features presented are described as being optional through the use of “may” or the use of parentheses. For the sake of brevity and legibility, the present disclosure does not explicitly recite each and every permutation that may be obtained by choosing from the set of optional features. The present disclosure is to be interpreted as explicitly disclosing all such permutations. For example, a system described as having three optional features may be embodied in seven ways, namely with just one of the three possible features, with any two of the three possible features or with three of the three possible features.

[0045] Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may be implemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element that performs a defined function and has a defined interface to other elements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (e.g., hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, which may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may be implemented as a software routine written in a computer language configured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, MATLAB or the like) or a modeling / simulation program such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVI E WMathScript. It may be possible to implement modules using physical hardware that incorporates discrete or programmable analog, digital and / or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware comprise: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs); field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers and microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C,Docket No.25-1050PCTC++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDs are often programmed using hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog that configure connections between internal hardware modules with lesser functionality on a programmable device. The mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achieve the result of a functional module.

[0046] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a mobile communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The mobile communication network 100 may be, for example, a public land mobile network (PLMN) run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN) 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a wireless device 106.

[0047] The CN 102 may provide the wireless device 106 with an interface to one or more data networks (DNs), such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the CN 102 may set up end-to-end connections between the wireless device 106 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the wireless device 106, and provide charging functionality.

[0048] The RAN 104 may connect the CN 102 to the wireless device 106 through radio communications over an air interface. As part of the radio communications, the RAN 104 may provide scheduling, radio resource management, and retransmission protocols. The communication direction from the RAN 104 to the wireless device 106 over the air interface is known as the downlink and the communication direction from the wireless device 106 to the RAN 104 over the air interface is known as the uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions using frequency division duplexing (FDD), time-division duplexing (TDD), and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0049] The term wireless device may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass any mobile device or fixed (non-mobile) device for which wireless communication is needed or usable. For example, a wireless device maybe a telephone, smartphone, tablet, computer, laptop, sensor, meter, wearable device, Internet of Things (loT) device, vehicle roadside unit (RSU), relay node, automobile, and / or any combination thereof. The term wireless device encompasses other terminology, including user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), access terminal (AT), mobile station, handset, wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU), and / or wireless communication device.

[0050] The RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). The term base station may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass a Node B (associated with UMTS and / or 3G standards), an Evolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and / or 4G standards), a remote radio head (RRH), a baseband processing unit coupled to one or more RRHs, a repeater node or relay node used to extend the coverage area of a donor node, a Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), a Generation Node B (g N B, associated with NR and / or 5G standards), an access point (AP, associated with, for example, Wi-Fi or any other suitable wireless communication standard), and / or any combination thereof. A base station may comprise at least one g N B Central Unit (gNB-CU) and at least one a g NB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU).Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0051] A base station included in the RAN 104 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the wireless device 106 over the air interface. For example, one or more of the base stations may include three sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors). The size of a cell may be determined by a range at which a receiver (e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive the transmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter) operating in the cell. Together, the cells of the base stations may provide radio coverage to the wireless device 106 over a wide geographic area to support wireless device mobility.

[0052] In addition to three-sector sites, other implementations of base stations are possible. For example, one or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may be implemented as a sectored site with more or less than three sectors. One or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may be implemented as an access point, as a baseband processing unit coupled to several remote radio heads (RRHs), and / or as a repeater or relay node used to extend the coverage area of a donor node. A baseband processing unit coupled to RRHs may be part of a centralized or cloud RAN architecture, where the baseband processing unit may be either centralized in a pool of baseband processing units or virtualized. A repeater node may amplify and rebroadcast a radio signal received from a donor node. A relay node may perform the same / similar functions as a repeater node but may decode the radio signal received from the donor node to remove noise before amplifying and rebroadcasting the radio signal.

[0053] The RAN 104 may be deployed as a homogenous network of macrocell base stations that have similar antenna patterns and similar high-level transmit powers. The RAN 104 may be deployed as a heterogeneous network. In heterogeneous networks, small cell base stations may be used to provide small coverage areas, for example, coverage areas that overlap with the comparatively larger coverage areas provided by macrocell base stations. The small coverage areas may be provided in areas with high data traffic (or so-called “hotspots”) or in areas with weak macrocell coverage. Examples of small cell base stations include, in order of decreasing coverage area, microcell base stations, picocell base stations, and femtocell base stations or home base stations.

[0054] The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in 1998 to provide global standardization of specifications for mobile communication networks similar to the mobile communication network 100 in FIG. 1A. To date, 3GPP has produced specifications for three generations of mobile networks: a third generation (3G) network known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a fourth generation (4G) network known as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and a fifth generation (5G) network known as 5G System (5GS). Embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the RAN of a 3GPP 5G network, referred to as next-generation RAN (NG-RAN). Embodiments may be applicable to RANs of other mobile communication networks, such as the RAN 104 in FIG. 1 A, the RANs of earlier 3G and 4G networks, and those of future networks yet to be specified (e.g., a 3GPP 6G network). NG-RAN implements 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR) and may be provisioned to implement 4G radio access technology or other radio access technologies, including non-3GPP radio access technologies.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0055] FIG. 1B illustrates another example mobile communication network 150 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Mobile communication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, mobile communication network 150 includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and UEs 156A and 156B (collectively UEs 156). These components may be implemented and operate in the same or similar manner as corresponding components described with respect to FIG. 1A.

[0056] The 5G-CN 152 provides the UEs 156 with an interface to one or more DNs, such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the 5G-CN 152 may set up end-to-end connections between the UEs 156 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the UEs 156, and provide charging functionality. Compared to the CN of a 3GPP 4G network, the basis of the 5G-CN 152 may be a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of the nodes making up the 5G-CN 152 may be defined as network functions that offer services via interfaces to other network functions. The network functions of the 5G-CN 152 may be implemented in several ways, including as network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as software instances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

[0057] As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the 5G-CN 152 includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 158A and a User Plane Function (UPF) 158B, which are shown as one component AMF / UPF 158 in FIG. 1B for ease of illustration. The UPF 158B may serve as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154 and the one or more DNs The UPF 158B may perform functions such as packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane policy rule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classification to support routing of traffic flows to the one or more DNs, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement, and uplink traffic verification), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggering. The UPF 158B may serve as an anchor point for intra- / i nter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, an external protocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to the one or more DNs, and / or a branching point to support a multi-homed PDU session. The UEs 156 may be configured to receive services through a PDU session, which is a logical connection between a UEandaDN.

[0058] The AMF 158A may perform functions such as Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) security control, inter-CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, idle mode UE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission), registration area management, intra-system and inter-system mobility support, access authentication, access authorization including checking of roaming rights, mobility management control (subscription and policies), network slicing support, and / or session management function (SMF) selection. NAS may refer to the functionality operating between a CN and a UE, and AS may refer to the functionality operating between the UE and a RAN.

[0059] The 5G-CN 152 may include one or more additional network functions that are not shown in FIG. 1 B for the sake of clarity. For example, the 5G-CN 152 may include one or more of a Session Management Function (SMF), anDocket No.25-1050PCTNR Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a Network Exposure Function (NEF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), and / or an Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

[0060] The NG-RAN 154 may connect the 5G-CN 152 to the UEs 156 through radio communications over the air interface. The NG-RAN 154 may include one or more g NBs, illustrated as g NB 160A and g NB 160B (collectively gNBs 160) and / or one or more ng-eNBs, illustrated as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B (collectively ng-eNBs 162). The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may be more generically referred to as base stations. The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the UEs 156 over an air interface. For example, one or more of the gNBs 160 and / or one or more of the ng-eNBs 162 may include three sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors). Together, the cells of the gNBs 160 and the ng-eNBs 162 may provide radio coverage to the UEs 156 over a wide geographic area to support UE mobility.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 1B, the gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to the 5G-CN 152 by means of an NG interface and to other base stations by an Xn interface. The NG and Xn interfaces may be established using direct physical connections and / or indirect connections over an underlying transport network, such as an internet protocol (IP) transport network. The gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to the UEs 156 by means of a Uu interface. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1 B, g NB 160A may be connected to the UE 156A by means of a Uu interface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces are associated with a protocol stack. The protocol stacks associated with the interfaces may be used by the network elements in FIG. 1 B to exchange data and signaling messages and may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user. The control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0062] The gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to one or more AMF / UPF functions of the 5G-CN 152, such as the AMF / UPF 158, by means of one or more NG interfaces. For example, the gNB 160A maybe connected to the UPF 158B of the AMF / UPF 158 by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g., non-guaranteed delivery) of user plane PDUs between the gNB 160A and the UPF 158B. The gNB 160A may be connected to the AMF 158A by means of an NG-Control plane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide, for example, NG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management, transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, and configuration transfer and / or warning message transmission.

[0063] The gNBs 160 may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UEs 156 over the Uu interface. For example, the gNB 160A may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward the UE 156A over a Uu interface associated with a first protocol stack. The ng-eNBs 162 may provide Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UEs 156 over a Uu interface, where E-UTRA refers to the 3GPP 4G radio-access technology. For example, the ng-eNB 162B may provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 156B over a Uu interface associated with a second protocol stack.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0064] The 5G-CN 152 was described as being configured to handle NR and 4G radio accesses. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that it may be possible for NR to connect to a 4G core network in a mode known as "non-standalone operation.” In non-standalone operation, a 4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control-plane functionality (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Although only one AMF / UPF 158 is shown in FIG. 1 B, one g NB or ng-eNB may be connected to multiple AMF / UPF nodes to provide redundancy and / or to load share across the multiple AMF / UPF nodes.

[0065] As discussed, an interface (e.g., Uu, Xn, and NG interfaces) between the network elements in FIG. 1 B may be associated with a protocol stack that the network elements use to exchange data and signaling messages. A protocol stack may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user, and the control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0066] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate examples of NR user plane and NR control plane protocol stacks for the Uu interface that lies between a UE 210 and a gNB 220. The protocol stacks illustrated in FIG. 2A and FIG.2B may be the same or similar to those used for the Uu interface between, for example, the UE 156A and the gNB 160A shown in FIG. 1B.

[0067] FIG. 2A illustrates a NR user plane protocol stack comprising five layers implemented in the UE 210 and the gNB 220. At the bottom of the protocol stack, physical layers (PHYs) 211 and 221 may provide transport services to the higher layers of the protocol stack and may correspond to layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The next four protocols above PHYs 211 and 221 comprise medium access control (MAC) layers (MACs) 212 and 222 (also referred to as media access control layers), radio link control (RLC) layers (RLCs) 213 and 223, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers (PDCPs) 214 and 224, and service data application protocol (SOAP) layers (SDAPs) 215 and 225. Together, these four protocols may make up layer 2, or the data link layer, of the OSI model.

[0068] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack. Starting from the top of FIG. 2A and FIG.3, the SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform QoS flow handling. The UE 210 may receive services through a PDU session, which may be a logical connection between the UE 210 and a DN. The PDU session may have one or more QoS flows. A UPF of a CN (e.g., the UPF 158B) may map IP packets to the one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based on QoS requirements (e.g., in terms of delay, data rate, and / or error rate). The SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform mapping / de-mapping between the one or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. The mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers may be determined by the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220. The SDAP 215 at the UE 210 may be informed of the mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers through reflective mapping or control signaling received from the gNB 220. For reflective mapping, the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220 may mark the downlink packets with a QoS flow indicator (QFI), which may be observed by the SDAP 215 at the UE 210 to determine the mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0069] The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform header compression / decompression to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the air interface, ciphering / deciphering to prevent unauthorized decoding of data transmitted over the air interface, and integrity protection (to ensure control messages originate from intended sources. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform retransmissions of undelivered packets, in-sequence delivery and reordering of packets, and removal of packets received in duplicate due to, for example, an intra-g NB handover. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform packet duplication to improve the likelihood of the packet being received and, at the receiver, remove any duplicate packets. Packet duplication may be useful for services that require high reliability.

[0070] Although not shown in FIG. 3, PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform mapping / de-mapping between a split radio bearer and RLC channels in a dual connectivity scenario. Dual connectivity is a technique that allows a UE to connect to two cells or, more generally, two cell groups: a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). A split bearer is when a single radio bearer, such as one of the radio bearers provided by the PDCPs 214 and 224 as a service to the SDAPs 215 and 225, is handled by cell groups in dual connectivity. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may map / de-map the split radio bearer between RLC channels belonging to cell groups.

[0071] The RLCs 213 and 223 may perform segmentation, retransmission through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data units received from MACs 212 and 222, respectively. The RLCs 213 and 223 may support three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM); unacknowledged mode (UM); and acknowledged mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode an RLC is operating, the RLC may perform one or more of the noted functions. The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and / or Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations. As shown in FIG.3, the RLCs 213 and 223 may provide RLC channels as a service to PDCPs 214 and 224, respectively.

[0072] The MACs 212 and 222 may perform multiplexing / demultiplexing of logical channels and / or mapping between logical channels and transport channels. The multiplexing / demultiplexing may include multiplexing / demultiplexing of data units, belonging to the one or more logical channels, into / from Transport Blocks (TBs) delivered to / from the PHYs 211 and 221. The MAC 222 may be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling information reporting, and priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling. Scheduling may be performed in the g NB 220 (at the MAC 222) for downlink and uplink The MACs 212 and 222 may be configured to perform error correction through Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)), priority handling between logical channels of the UE 210 by means of logical channel prioritization, and / or padding. The MACs 212 and 222 may support one or more numerologies and / or transmission timings. In an example, mapping restrictions in a logical channel prioritization may control which numerology and / or transmission timing a logical channel may use. As shown in FIG. 3, the MACs 212 and 222 may provide logical channels as a service to the RLCs 213 and 223.

[0073] The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform mapping of transport channels to physical channels and digital and analog signal processing functions for sending and receiving information over the air interface. These digital and analog signal processing functions may include, for example, coding / decoding and modulation / demodulation. The PHYs 211Docket No.25-1050PCTand 221 may perform multi-antenna mapping. As shown in FIG.3, the PHYs 211 and 221 may provide one or more transport channels as a service to the MACs 212 and 222.

[0074] FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack. FIG. 4A illustrates a downlink data flow of three IP packets (n, n+1, and m) through the NR user plane protocol stack to generate two TBs at the gNB 220. An uplink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack may be similar to the downlink data flow depicted in FIG. 4A.

[0075] The downlink data flow of FIG. 4A begins when SDAP 225 receives the three IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps the three packets to radio bearers. In FIG.4A, the SDAP 225 maps IP packets n and n+1 to a first radio bearer 402 and maps IP packet m to a second radio bearer 404. An SDAP header (labeled with an “H” in FIG. 4A) is added to an IP packet. The data unit from / to a higher protocol layer is referred to as a service data unit (SDU) of the lower protocol layer and the data unit to / from a lower protocol layer is referred to as a protocol data unit (PDU) of the higher protocol layer. As shown in FIG. 4A, the data unit from the SDAP 225 is an SDU of lower protocol layer PDCP 224 and is a PDU of the SDAP 225.

[0076] The remaining protocol layers in FIG. 4A may perform their associated functionality (e.g., with respect to FIG.3), add corresponding headers, and forward their respective outputs to the next lower layer. For example, the PDCP 224 may perform IP-header compression and ciphering and forward its output to the RLC 223. The RLC 223 may optionally perform segmentation (e.g., as shown for IP packet m in FIG.4A) and forward its output to the MAC 222. The MAC 222 may multiplex a number of RLC PDUs and may attach a MAC subheader to an RLC PDU to form a transport block. In NR, the MAC subheaders may be distributed across the MAC PDU, as illustrated in FIG.4A. In LTE, the MAC subheaders may be entirely located at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDU structure may reduce processing time and associated latency because the MAC PDU subheaders may be computed before the full MAC PDU is assembled.

[0077] FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU. The MAC subheader includes: an SDU length field for indicating the length (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU to which the MAC subheader corresponds; a logical channel identifier (LCID) field for identifying the logical channel from which the MAC SDU originated to aid in the demultiplexing process; a flag (F) for indicating the size of the SDU length field; and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

[0078] FIG. 4B further illustrates MAC control elements (CEs) inserted into the MAC PDU by a MAC, such as MAC 223 or MAC 222. For example, FIG. 4B illustrates two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. MAC CEs may be inserted at the beginning of a MAC PDU for downlink transmissions (as shown in FIG. 4B) and at the end of a MAC PDU for uplink transmissions. MAC CEs may be used for in-band control signaling. Example MAC CEs include: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports and power headroom reports; activation / deactivation MAC CEs, such as those for activation / deactivation of PDCP duplication detection, channel state information (CSI) reporting, sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, and prior configured components; discontinuous reception (DRX)Docket No.25-1050PCTrelated MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access related MAC CEs. A MAC CE may be preceded by a MAC subheader with a similar format as described for MAC SDUs and may be identified with a reserved value in the LCID field that indicates the type of control information included in the MAC CE.

[0079] Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels are first described as well as a mapping between the channel types. One or more of the channels may be used to carry out functions associated with the N control plane protocol stack described later below.

[0080] FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate, for downlink and uplink respectively, a mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. Information is passed through channels between the RLC, the MAC, and the PHY of the NR protocol stack. A logical channel may be used between the RLC and the MAC and may be classified as a control channel that carries control and configuration information in the NR control plane or as a traffic channel that carries data in the NR user plane. A logical channel may be classified as a dedicated logical channel that is dedicated to a specific UE or as a common logical channel that may be used by more than one UE. A logical channel may also be defined by the type of information it carries. The set of logical channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0081] - a paging control channel (PCCH) for carrying paging messages used to page a UE whose location is not known to the network on a cell level;

[0082] - a broadcast control channel (BCCH) for carrying system information messages in the form of a master information block (MIB) and several system information blocks (SIBs), wherein the system information messages may be used by the UEs to obtain information about how a cell is configured and how to operate within the cell;

[0083] - a common control channel (CCCH) for carrying control messages together with random access;

[0084] - a dedicated control channel (DCCH) for carrying control messages to / from a specific the UE to configure the UE; and

[0085] - a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) for carrying user data to / from a specific the UE.

[0086] T ransport channels are used between the MAC and PHY layers and may be defined by how the information they carry is transmitted over the air interface. The set of transport channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0087] - a paging channel (PCH) for carrying paging messages that originated from the PCCH;

[0088] - a broadcast channel (BCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCCH;

[0089] - a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages, including the SIBs from the BCCH;

[0090] - an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages; and

[0091] - a random access channel (RACH) for allowing a UE to contact the network without any prior scheduling.

[0092] The PHY may use physical channels to pass information between processing levels of the PHY. A physical channel may have an associated set of time-frequency resources for carrying the information of one or more transport channels. The PHY may generate control information to support the low-level operation of the PHY and provide theDocket No.25-1050PCTcontrol information to the lower levels of the PHY via physical control channels, known as L1 / L2 control channels. The set of physical channels and physical control channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0093] - a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCH;

[0094] - a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH, as well as paging messages from the PCH;

[0095] - a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for carrying downlink control information (DCI), which may include downlink scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power control commands;

[0096] - a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH and in some instances uplink control information (UCI) as described below;

[0097] - a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for carrying UCI, which may include HARQ acknowledgments, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-coding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and scheduling requests (SR); and

[0098] - a physical random access channel (PRACH) for random access.

[0099] Similar to the physical control channels, the physical layer generates physical signals to support the low-level operation of the physical layer. As shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the physical layer signals defined by NR include: primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), sounding reference signals (SRS), and phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RS). These physical layer signals will be described in greater detail below.

[0100] FIG. 2B illustrates an example NR control plane protocol stack. As shown in FIG. 2B, the NR control plane protocol stack may use the same / similar first four protocol layers as the example NR user plane protocol stack. These four protocol layers include the PHYs 211 and 221, the MACs 212 and 222, the RLCs 213 and 223, and the PDCPs 214 and 224. Instead of having the SDAPs 215 and 225 at the top of the stack as in the NR user plane protocol stack, the NR control plane stack has radio resource controls (RRCs) 216 and 226 and NAS protocols 217 and 237 at the top of the NR control plane protocol stack.

[0101] The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 (e.g., the AMF 158A) or, more generally, between the UE 210 and the CN The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 via signaling messages, referred to as NAS messages. There is no direct path between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 through which the NAS messages can be transported. The NAS messages may be transported using the AS of the Uu and NG interfaces. NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality such as authentication, security, connection setup, mobility management, and session management.

[0102] The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 or, more generally, between the UE 210 and the RAN. The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 via signaling messages, referred to as RRC messages. RRC messages may beDocket No.25-1050PCTtransmitted between the UE 210 and the RAN using signaling radio bearers and the same / similar PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY protocol layers. The MAC may multiplex control-plane and user-plane data into the same transport block (TB). The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality such as: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS paging initiated by the CN or the RAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE 210 and the RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radio bearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS management functions; the UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure (RLF); and / or NAS message transfer. As part of establishing an RRC connection, RRCs 216 and 226 may establish an RRC context, which may involve configuring parameters for communication between the UE 210 and the RAN.

[0103] FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE. The UE may be the same or similar to the wireless device 106 depicted in FIG. 1A, the UE210 depicted in FIG. 2Aand FIG.2B, or any other wireless device described in the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 6, a UE may be in at least one of three RRC states: RRC connected 602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRCJDLE), and RRC inactive 606 (e.g., RRCJNACTIVE).

[0104] In RRC connected 602, the UE has an established RRC context and may have at least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may be similar to one of the one or more base stations included in the RAN 104 depicted in FIG. 1A, one of the gNBs 160 or ng-eNBs 162 depicted in FIG. 1B, the gNB 220 depicted in FIG. 2Aand FIG. 2B, or any other base station described in the present disclosure. The base station with which the UE is connected may have the RRC context for the UE. The RRC context, referred to as the UE context, may comprise parameters for communication between the UE and the base station. These parameters may include, for example: one or more AS contexts; one or more radio link configuration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g., relating to a data radio bearer, signaling radio bearer, logical channel, QoS flow, and / or PDU session); security information; and / or PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and / or SDAP layer configuration information. While in RRC connected 602, mobility of the UE may be managed by the RAN (e.g., the RAN 104 or the NG-RAN 154). The UE may measure the signal levels (e.g., reference signal levels) from a serving cell and neighboring cells and report these measurements to the base station currently serving the UE. The UE's serving base station may request a handover to a cell of one of the neighboring base stations based on the reported measurements. The RRC state may transition from RRC connected 602 to RRC idle 604 through a connection release procedure 608 or to RRC inactive 606 through a connection inactivation procedure 610.

[0105] In RRC idle 604, an RRC context may not be established for the UE. In RRC idle 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with the base station. While in RRC idle 604, the UE may be in a sleep state for the majority of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The UE may wake up periodically (e.g., once in every discontinuous reception cycle) to monitor for paging messages from the RAN. Mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through a procedure known as cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602 throughDocket No.25-1050PCTa connection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a random access procedure as discussed in greater detail below.

[0106] In RRC inactive 606, the RRC context previously established is maintained in the UE and the base station. This allows for a fast transition to RRC connected 602 with reduced signaling overhead as compared to the transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602. While in RRC inactive 606, the UE may be in a sleep state and mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC inactive 606 to RRC connected 602 through a connection resume procedure 614 or to RRC idle 604 though a connection release procedure 616 that may be the same as or similar to connection release procedure 608.

[0107] An RRC state may be associated with a mobility management mechanism. In RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606, mobility is managed by the UE through cell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 is to allow the network to be able to notify the UE of an event via a paging message without having to broadcast the paging message over the entire mobile communications network. The mobility management mechanism used in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 may allow the network to track the UE on a cell-group level so that the paging message may be broadcast over the cells of the cell group that the UE currently resides within instead of the entire mobile communication network. The mobility management mechanisms for RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 track the UE on a cell-group level. They may do so using different granularities of grouping. For example, there may be three levels of cell-grouping granularity: individual cells; cells within a RAN area identified by a RAN area identifier (RAI); and cells within a group of RAN areas, referred to as a tracking area and identified by a tracking area identifier (TAI).

[0108] Tracking areas may be used to track the UE at the CN level. The CN (e.g., the CN 102 or the 5G-CN 152) may provide the UE with a list of TAIs associated with a UE registration area. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell associated with a TAI not included in the list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area, the UE may perform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update the UE's location and provide the UE with a new the UE registration area.

[0109] RAN areas may be used to track the UE at the RAN level. For a UE in RRC inactive 606 state, the UE may be assigned a RAN notification area A RAN notification area may comprise one or more cell identities, a list of RAIs, or a list of TAIs. In an example, a base station may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. In an example, a cell may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell not included in the RAN notification area assigned to the UE, the UE may perform a notification area update with the RAN to update the UE’s RAN notification area.

[0110] A base station storing an RRC context for a UE or a last serving base station of the UE may be referred to as an anchor base station. An anchor base station may maintain an RRC context for the UE at least during a period of time that the UE stays in a RAN notification area of the anchor base station and / or during a period of time that the UE stays in RRC inactive 606.Docket No. 25-1050PCT

[0111] AgNB, such as gNBs 160 in FIG. 1B, maybe split into two parts: a central unit (gNB-CU), and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). A gNB-CU maybe coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using an F1 interface. The gNB-CU may comprise the RRC, the PDCP, and the SDAP. A gNB-DU may comprise the RLC, the MAC, and the PHY.

[0112] In NR, the physical signals and physical channels (discussed with respect to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B) may be mapped onto orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. OFDM Is a multicarrier communication scheme that transmits data over F orthogonal subcarriers (or tones). Before transmission, the data may be mapped to a series of complex symbols (e.g., M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) or M-phase shift keying (M-PSK) symbols), referred to as source symbols, and divided into F parallel symbol streams. The F parallel symbol streams may be treated as though they are in the frequency domain and used as inputs to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block that transforms them into the time domain. The IFFT block may take in F source symbols at a time, one from each of the F parallel symbol streams, and use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phase of one of F sinusoidal basis functions that correspond to the F orthogonal subcarriers. The output of the IFFT block may be F time-domain samples that represent the summation of the F orthogonal subcarriers. The F time-domain samples may form a single OFDM symbol. After some processing (e.g., addition of a cyclic prefix) and up-conversion, an OFDM symbol provided by the IFFT block maybe transmitted over the air interface on a carrier frequency. The F parallel symbol streams may be mixed using an FFT block before being processed by the IFFT block. This operation produces Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-precoded OFDM symbols and may be used by UEs in the uplink to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Inverse processing may be performed on the OFDM symbol at a receiver using an FFT block to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

[0113] FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped. An NR frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN). The SFN may repeat with a period of 1024 frames. As illustrated, one NR frame may be 10 milliseconds (ms) in duration and may include 10 subframes that are 1 ms in duration. A subframe may be divided into slots that include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per slot.

[0114] The duration of a slot may depend on the numerology used for the OFDM symbols of the slot. In NR, a flexible numerology is supported to accommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrier frequencies below 1 GHz up to cells with carrier frequencies in the mm-wave range). A numerology may be defined in terms of subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration. For a numerology in NR, subcarrier spacings may be scaled up by powers of two from a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and cyclic prefix durations may be scaled down by powers of two from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 μs. For example, NR defines numerologies with the following subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz / 4.7 μs; 30 kHz / 2.3 μs; 60 kHz / 1.2 μs; 120 kHz / 0.59 μs; and 240 kHz / 0.29 μs.

[0115] A slot may have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols). A numerology with a higher subcarrier spacing has a shorter slot duration and, correspondingly, more slots per subframe. FIG. 7 illustrates this numerology-dependent slot duration and slots-per-subframe transmission structure (the numerology with a subcarrierDocket No.25-1050PCTspacing of 240 kHz is not shown in FIG.7 for ease of illustration). A subframe in NR may be used as a numerologyindependent time reference, while a slot may be used as the unit upon which uplink and downlink transmissions are scheduled. To support low latency, scheduling in NR may be decoupled from the slot duration and start at any OFDM symbol and last for as many symbols as needed for a transmission. These partial slot transmissions may be referred to as mini-slot or subslot transmissions.

[0116] FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time and frequency domain for an NR carrier. The slot includes resource elements (REs) and resource blocks (RBs). An RE is the smallest physical resource in NR. An RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain by one subcarrier in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8. An RB spans twelve consecutive REs in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8. An NR carrier may be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275*12 = 3300 subcarriers. Such a limitation, if used, may limit the NR carrier to 50, 100, 200, and 400 MHz for subcarrier spacings of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz, respectively, where the 400 MHz bandwidth may be set based on a 400 MHz per carrier bandwidth limit.

[0117] FIG. 8 illustrates a single numerology being used across the entire bandwidth of the NR carrier. In other example configurations, multiple numerologies may be supported on the same carrier.

[0118] NR may support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz for a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz). Not all UEs may be able to receive the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations). Also, receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibitive in terms of UE power consumption. In an example, to reduce power consumption and / or for other purposes, a UE may adapt the size of the UE’s receive bandwidth based on the amount of traffic the UE is scheduled to receive. This is referred to as bandwidth adaptation.

[0119] NR defines bandwidth parts (BWPs) to support UEs not capable of receiving the full carrier bandwidth and to support bandwidth adaptation. In an example, a BWP may be defined by a subset of contiguous RBs on a carrier. A UE may be configured (e.g., via RRC layer) with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs per serving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPs per serving cell). At a given time, one or more of the configured BWPs for a serving cell may be active. These one or more BWPs may be referred to as active BWPs of the serving cell. When a serving cell is configured with a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell may have one or more first active BWPs in the uplink carrier and one or more second active BWPs in the secondary uplink carrier.

[0120] For unpaired spectra, a downlink BWP from a set of configured downlink BWPs may be linked with an uplink BWP from a set of configured uplink BWPs if a downlink BWP index of the downlink BWP and an uplink BWP index of the uplink BWP are the same. For unpaired spectra, a UE may expect that a center frequency for a downlink BWP is the same as a center frequency for an uplink BWP.

[0121] For a downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs on a primary cell (PCell), a base station may configure a UE with one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) for at least one search space. A search space is a set of locations in the time and frequency domains where the UE may find control information. The search space may be a UE-specific search space or a common search space (potentially usable by a plurality of UEs). For example, aDocket No.25-1050PCTbase station may configure a UE with a common search space, on a PCell or on a primary secondary cell (PSCell), in an active downlink BWP.

[0122] For an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs, a BS may configure a UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions. A UE may receive downlink receptions (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in a downlink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration) for the downlink BWP. The UE may transmit uplink transmissions (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in an uplink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

[0123] One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided in Downlink Control Information (DCI). A value of a BWP indicator field may indicate which BWP in a set of configured BWPs is an active downlink BWP for one or more downlink receptions. The value of the one or more BWP indicator fields may indicate an active uplink BWP for one or more uplink transmissions.

[0124] A base station may semi-statical ly configure a UE with a default downlink BWP within a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with a PCell. If the base station does not provide the default downlink BWP to the UE, the default downlink BWP may be an initial active downlink BWP. The UE may determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP based on a CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

[0125] A base station may configure a UE with a BWP inactivity timer value for a PCell. The UE may start or restart a BWP inactivity timer at any appropriate time. For example, the UE may start or restart the BWP inactivity timer (a) when the UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than a default downlink BWP for a paired spectra operation; or (b) when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP or active uplink BWP other than a default downlink BWP or uplink BWP for an unpaired spectra operation. If the UE does not detect DCI during an interval of time (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the UE may run the BWP inactivity timer toward expiration (for example, increment from zero to the BWP inactivity timer value, or decrement from the BWP inactivity timer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE may switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

[0126] In an example, a base station may semi-statically configure a UE with one or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to a second BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP as an active BWP and / or in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivity timer (e.g., if the second BWP is the default BWP).

[0127] Downlink and uplink BWP switching (where BWP switching refers to switching from a currently active BWP to a not currently active BWP) may be performed independently in paired spectra. In unpaired spectra, downlink and uplink BWP switching may be performed simultaneously. Switching between configured BWPs may occur based on RRC signaling, DCI, expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and / or an initiation of random access.

[0128] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier. A UE configured with the three BWPs may switch from one BWP to another BWP ata switching point. In the example illustrated in FIG. 9, the BWPs include: a BWP 902 with a bandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; a BWP 904 with a bandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; and a BWP 906 with a bandwidth of 20 MHzDocket No.25-1050PCTand a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. The BWP 902 may be an initial active BWP, and the BWP 904 may be a default BWP. The UE may switch between BWPs at switching points. In the example of FIG. 9, the UE may switch from the BWP 902 to the BWP 904 at a switching point 908. The switching at the switching point 908 may occur for any suitable reason, for example, in response to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer (indicating switching to the default BWP) and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 910 from active BWP 904 to BWP 906 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 912 from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 in response to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 914 from active BWP 904 to BWP 902 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 902 as the active BWP.

[0129] If a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs and a timer value, UE procedures for switching BWPs on a secondary cell may be the same / similar as those on a primary cell. For example, the UE may use the timer value and the default downlink BWP for the secondary cell in the same / similar manner as the UE would use these values for a primary cell.

[0130] To provide for greater data rates, two or more carriers can be aggregated and simultaneously transmitted to / from the same UE using carrier aggregation (CA). The aggregated carriers in CA may be referred to as component carriers (CCs). When CA is used, there are a number of serving cells for the UE, one for a CC. The CCs may have three configurations in the frequency domain.

[0131] FIG. 10A illustrates the three CA configurations with two CCs. In the intraband, contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are located directly adjacent to each other within the frequency band. In the intraband, non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are separated in the frequency band by a gap. In the interband configuration 1006, the two CCs are located in frequency bands (frequency band A and frequency band B).

[0132] In an example, up to 32 CCs may be aggregated. The aggregated CCs may have the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacing, and / or duplexing schemes (TDD or FDD). A serving cell for a UE using CA may have a downlink CC. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs may be optionally configured for a serving cell. The ability to aggregate more downlink carriers than uplink carriers may be useful, for example, when the UE has more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

[0133] When CA is used, one of the aggregated cells for a UE may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell). The PCell may be the serving cell that the UE initially connects to at RRC connection establishment, reestablishment, and / or handover. The PCell may provide the UE with NAS mobility information and the security input. UEs may have different PCells. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the uplink primary CC (UL PCC). The other aggregated cells for the UE may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells). In an example, the SCells may be configured after the PCell is configured for the UE. For example, an SCell may be configured through an RRCDocket No.25-1050PCTConnection Reconfiguration procedure. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to an SCell may be referred to as a downlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell may be referred to as the uplink secondary CC (ULSCC).

[0134] Configured SCells for a UE may be activated and deactivated based on, for example, traffic and channel conditions. Deactivation of an SCell may mean that PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell is stopped and PUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmissions on the SCell are stopped. Configured SCells maybe activated and deactivated using a MAC CE with respect to FIG. 4B. For example, a MAC CE may use a bitmap (e.g., one bit per SCell) to indicate which SCells (e.g., in a subset of configured SCells) for the UE are activated or deactivated. Configured SCells may be deactivated in response to an expiration of an SCell deactivation timer (e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

[0135] Downlink control information, such as scheduling assignments and scheduling grants, for a cell may be transmitted on the cell corresponding to the assignments and grants, which is known as self-scheduling. The DCI for the cell may be transmitted on another cell, which is known as cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink control information (e.g., HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback, such as CQI, PMI, and / or Rl) for aggregated cells may be transmitted on the PUCCH of the PCell. For a larger number of aggregated downlink CCs, the PUCCH of the PCell may become overloaded. Cells may be divided into multiple PUCCH groups.

[0136] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may be configured into one or more PUCCH groups. A PUCCH group 1010 and a PUCCH group 1050 may include one or more downlink CCs, respectively. In the example of FIG. 10B, the PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: a PCell 1011, an SCell 1012, and an SCell 1013. The PUCCH group 1050 includes three downlink CCs in the present example: a PCell 1051, an SCell 1052, and an SCell 1053. One or more uplink CCs may be configured as a PCell 1021, an SCell 1022, and an SCell 1023. One or more other uplink CCs may be configured as a primary SCell (PSCell) 1061, an SCell 1062, and an SCell 1063. Uplink control information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1010, shown as UC11031, UC11032, and UC11033, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PCell 1021. Uplink control information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1050, shown as UC11071, UC11072, and UC11073, maybe transmitted in the uplink of the PSCell 1061. In an example, if the aggregated cells depicted in FIG. 10B were not divided into the PUCCH group 1010 and the PUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell to transmit UCI relating to the downlink CCs, and the PCell may become overloaded. By dividing transmissions of UCI between the PCell 1021 and the PSCell 1061, overloading may be prevented.

[0137] A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier, may be assigned with a physical cell ID and a cell index. The physical cell ID or the cell index may identify a downlink carrier and / or an uplink carrier of the cell, for example, depending on the context in which the physical cell ID is used. A physical cell ID may be determined using a synchronization signal transmitted on a downlink component carrier. A cell index may be determined using RRC messages. In the disclosure, a physical cell ID may be referred to as a carrier ID, and a cell index may be referred to as a carrier index. For example, when the disclosure refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, theDocket No.25-1050PCTdisclosure may mean the first physical cell ID is for a cell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same / similar concept may apply to, for example, a carrier activation. When the disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, the specification may mean that a cell comprising the first carrier is activated.

[0138] In CA, a multi-carrier nature of a PHY may be exposed to a MAC. In an example, a HARQ entity may operate on a serving cell. A transport block may be generated per assignment / grant per serving cell. A transport block and potential HARQ retransmissions of the transport block may be mapped to a serving cell.

[0139] In the downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast) one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to a UE (e.g, PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and / or PT-RS, as shown in FIG.5A). In the uplink, the UE may transmit one or more RSs to the base station (e.g., DMRS, PT-RS, and / or SRS, as shown in FIG. 5B). The PSS and the SSS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize the UE to the base station. The PSS and the SSS may be provided in a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block that includes the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH. The base station may periodically transmit a burst of SS / PBCH blocks.

[0140] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS / PBCH block's structure and location. A burst of SS / PBCH blocks may include one or more SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., 4 SS / PBCH blocks, as shown in FIG. 11 A). Bursts maybe transmitted periodically (e.g., every 2 frames or 20 ms). A burst may be restricted to a half-frame (e.g., a first half-frame having a duration of 5 ms). It will be understood that FIG 11 A is an example, and that these parameters (number of SS / PBCH blocks per burst, periodicity of bursts, position of burst within the frame) may be configured based on, for example: a carrier frequency of a cell in which the SS / PBCH block is transmitted; a numerology or subcarrier spacing of the cell; a configuration by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling); or any other suitable factor. In an example, the UE may assume a subcarrier spacing for the SS / PBCH block based on the carrier frequency being monitored, unless the radio network configured the UE to assume a different subcarrier spacing.

[0141] The SS / PBCH block may span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, as shown in the example of FIG. 11A) and may span one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 contiguous subcarriers). The PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH may have a common center frequency. The PSS may be transmitted first and may span, for example, 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., two symbols later) and may span 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The PBCH may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., across the next 3 OFDM symbols) and may span 240 subcarriers.

[0142] The location of the SS / PBCH block in the time and frequency domains may not be known to the UE (e.g., if the UE is searching for the cell). To find and select the cell, the UE may monitor a carrier for the PSS. For example, the UE may monitor a frequency location within the carrier. If the PSS is not found after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the UE may search for the PSS at a different frequency location within the carrier, as indicated by a synchronization raster. If the PSS is found at a location in the time and frequency domains, the UE may determine, based on a known structure of the SS / PBCH block, the locations of the SSS and the PBCH, respectively. The SS / PBCH block may be a cell-Docket No.25-1050PCTdefining SS block (CD-SSB). In an example, a primary cell may be associated with a CD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on a synchronization raster. In an example, a cell selection / search and / or reselection may be based on the CD-SSB.

[0143] The SS / PBCH block may be used by the UE to determine one or more parameters of the cell. For example, the UE may determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) of the cell based on the sequences of the PSS and the SSS, respectively. The UE may determine a location of a frame boundary of the cell based on the location of the SS / PBCH block. For example, the SS / PBCH block may indicate that it has been transmitted in accordance with a transmission pattern, wherein a SS / PBCH block in the transmission pattern is a known distance from the frame boundary.

[0144] The PBCH may use a QPSK modulation and may use forward error correction (FEC). The FEC may use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by the PBCH may carry one or more DMRSs for demodulation of the PBCH. The PBCH may include an indication of a current system frame number (SFN) of the cell and / or a SS / PBCH block timing index. These parameters may facilitate time synchronization of the UE to the base station. The PBCH may include a master information block (MIB) used to provide the UE with one or more parameters. The MIB may be used by the UE to locate remaining minimum system information (RMSI) associated with the cell. The RMSI may include a System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1 ). The SIB1 may contain information needed by the UE to access the cell. The UE may use one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor PDCCH, which may be used to schedule PDSCH. The PDSCH may include the SIB1. The SIB1 may be decoded using parameters provided in the MIB. The PBCH may indicate an absence of SIB1. Based on the PBCH indicating the absence of SIB1, the UE maybe pointed to a frequency. The UE may search for an SS / PBCH block at the frequency to which the UE is pointed.

[0145] The UE may assume that one or more SS / PBCH blocks transmitted with a same SS / PBCH block index are quasi co-located (QCLed) (e.g., having the same / similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and / or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume QCL for SS / PBCH block transmissions having different SS / PBCH block indices.

[0146] SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half-frame) may be transmitted in spatial directions (e.g., using different beams that span a coverage area of the cell). In an example, a first SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and a second SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a second spatial direction using a second beam.

[0147] In an example, within a frequency span of a carrier, a base station may transmit a plurality of SS / PBCH blocks. In an example, a first PCI of a first SS / PBCH block of the plurality of SS / PBCH blocks may be different from a second PCI of a second SS / PBCH block of the plurality of SS / PBCH blocks. The PCIs of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted in different frequency locations may be different or the same.

[0148] The CSI-RS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to acquire channel state information (CSI). The base station may configure the UE with one or more CSI-RSs for channel estimation or any other suitable purpose. The base station may configure a UE with one or more of the same / similar CSI-RSs. The UE may measureDocket No.25-1050PCTthe one or more CSI-RSs. The UE may estimate a downlink channel state and / or generate a CSI report based on the measuring of the one or more downlink CSI-RSs. The UE may provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station may use feedback provided by the UE (e.g., the estimated downlink channel state) to perform link adaptation.

[0149] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more CSI-RS resource sets. A CSI-RS resource may be associated with a location in the time and frequency domains and a periodicity. The base station may selectively activate and / or deactivate a CSI-RS resource. The base station may indicate to the UE that a CSI-RS resource in the CSI-RS resource set is activated and / or deactivated.

[0150] The base station may configure the UE to report CSI measurements. The base station may configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically, aperiodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the UE maybe configured with a timing and / or periodicity of a plurality of CSI reports. For aperiodic CSI reporting, the base station may request a CSI report. For example, the base station may command the UE to measure a configured CSI-RS resource and provide a CSI report relating to the measurements. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station may configure the UE to transmit periodically, and selectively activate or deactivate the periodic reporting. The base station may configure the UE with a CSI-RS resource set and CSI reports using RRC signaling.

[0151] The CSI-RS configuration may comprise one or more parameters indicating, for example, up to 32 antenna ports. The UE may be configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for a downlink CSI-RS and a control resource set (CORESET) when the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of the physical resource blocks (PRBs) configured for the CORESET. The UE may be configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks when the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks are spatially QCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of PRBs configured for the SS / PBCH blocks.

[0152] Downlink DMRSs may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for channel estimation. For example, the downlink DMRS may be used for coherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH). An NR network may support one or more variable and / or configurable DMRS patterns for data demodulation. At least one downlink DMRS configuration may support a front-loaded DMRS pattern. A front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g., a maximum number) of front-loaded DMRS symbols for PDSCH. A DMRS configuration may support one or more DMRS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. For multiuser-MI MO, a DMRS configuration may support up to 4 orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. A radio network may support (e.g., at least for CP-OFDM) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and / or a scrambling sequence may be the same or different. The base station may transmit a downlink DMRS and a corresponding PDSCH using the same precoding matrix. The UE may use the one or more downlink DMRSs for coherent demodulation / channel estimation of the PDSCH.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0153] In an example, a transmitter (e.g., a base station) may use a precoder matrices for a part of a transmission bandwidth. For example, the transmitter may use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and a second precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. The first precoder matrix and the second precoder matrix may be different based on the first bandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE may assume that a same precoding matrix is used across a set of PRBs. The set of PRBs may be denoted as a precoding resource block group (PRG).

[0154] A PDSCH may comprise one or more layers. The UE may assume that at least one symbol with DMRS is present on a layer of the one or more layers of the PDSCH. A higher layer may configure up to 3 DMRSs for the PDSCH.

[0155] Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for phase-noise compensation. Whether a downlink PT-RS is present or not may depend on an RRC configuration. The presence and / or pattern of the downlink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis using a combination of RRC signaling and / or an association with one or more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of a downlink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. An NR network may support a plurality of PT-RS densities defined in the time and / or frequency domains. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource. Downlink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time / frequency duration for the UE. Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted on symbols to facilitate phase tracking at the receiver.

[0156] The UE may transmit an uplink DMRS to a base station for channel estimation. For example, the base station may use the uplink DMRS for coherent demodulation of one or more uplink physical channels. For example, the UE may transmit an uplink DMRS with a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The uplink DM-RS may span a range of frequencies that is similar to a range of frequencies associated with the corresponding physical channel. The base station may configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRS configurations. At least one DMRS configuration may support a front-loaded DMRS pattern. The front-loaded DMRS maybe mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more uplink DMRSs may be configured to transmit at one or more symbols of a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g., maximum number) of front-loaded DMRS symbols for the PUSCH and / or the PUCCH, which the UE may use to schedule a single-symbol DMRS and / or a double-symbol DMRS. An NR network may support (e.g., for cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and / or a scrambling sequence for the DMRS may be the same or different.

[0157] A PUSCH may comprise one or more layers, and the UE may transmit at least one symbol with DMRS present on a layer of the one or more layers of the PUSCH. In an example, a higher layer may configure up to three DMRSs for the PUSCH.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0158] Uplink PT-RS (which may be used by a base station for phase tracking and / or phase-noise compensation) may or may not be present depending on an RRC configuration of the UE. The presence and / or pattern of uplink PT-RS may be configured on a U E-specific basis by a combination of RRC signaling and / or one or more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of uplink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may support a plurality of uplink PT-RS densities defined in time / frequency domain. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource. For example, uplink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time / frequency duration for the UE.

[0159] SRS may be transmitted by a UE to a base station for channel state estimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and / or link adaptation. SRS transmitted by the UE may allow a base station to estimate an uplink channel state at one or more frequencies. A scheduler at the base station may employ the estimated uplink channel state to assign one or more resource blocks for an uplink PUSCH transmission from the UE. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS resource sets. Foran SRS resource set, the base station may configure the UE with one or more SRS resources. An SRS resource set applicability may be configured by a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter. For example, when a higher layer parameter indicates beam management, an SRS resource in an SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., with the same / similar time domain behavior, periodic, aperiodic, and / or the like) may be transmitted at a time instant (e.g., simultaneously). The UE may transmit one or more SRS resources in SRS resource sets. An NR network may support aperiodic, periodic and / or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. The UE may transmit SRS resources based on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or more trigger types may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and / or one or more DCI formats. In an example, at least one DCI format may be employed for the UE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets. An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on a higher layer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRS triggered based on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCH and SRS are transmitted in a same slot, the UE may be configured to transmit SRS after a transmission of a PUSCH and a corresponding uplink DMRS.

[0160] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of following: a SRS resource configuration identifier; a number of SRS ports; time domain behavior of an SRS resource configuration (e.g., an indication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS); slot, minislot, and / or subframe level periodicity; offset for a periodic and / or an aperiodic SRS resource; a number of OFDM symbols in an SRS resource; a starting OFDM symbol of an SRS resource; an SRS bandwidth; a frequency hopping bandwidth; a cyclic shift; and / or an SRS sequence ID.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0161] An antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol on the antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed. If a first symbol and a second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, the receiver may infer the channel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, and / or the like) for conveying the second symbol on the antenna port, from the channel for conveying the first symbol on the antenna port. A first antenna port and a second antenna port may be referred to as quasi colocated (QCLed) if one or more large-scale properties of the channel over which a first symbol on the first antenna port is conveyed may be inferred from the channel over which a second symbol on a second antenna port is conveyed. The one or more large-scale properties may comprise at least one of: a delay spread; a Doppler spread; a Doppler shift; an average gain; an average delay; and / or spatial Receiving (Rx) parameters.

[0162] Channels that use beamforming require beam management. Beam management may comprise beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. A beam may be associated with one or more reference signals. For example, a beam may be identified by one or more beamformed reference signals. The UE may perform downlink beam measurement based on downlink reference signals (e.g., a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) and generate a beam measurement report. The UE may perform the downlink beam measurement procedure after an RRC connection is set up with a base station.

[0163] FIG. 11B illustrates an example of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) that are mapped in the time and frequency domains. A square shown in FIG. 11 B may span a resource block (RB) within a bandwidth of a cell. A base station may transmit one or more RRC messages comprising CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicating one or more CSI-RSs. One or more of the following parameters may be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC signaling) for a CSI-RS resource configuration: a CSI-RS resource configuration identity, a number of CSI-RS ports, a CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symbol and resource element (RE) locations in a subframe), a CSI-RS subframe configuration (e.g., subframe location, offset, and periodicity in a radio frame), a CSI-RS power parameter, a CSI-RS sequence parameter, a code division multiplexing (CDM) type parameter, a frequency density, a transmission comb, quasi co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g., QCL-scramblingidentity, crs-portscount, mbsfn-subframeconfiglist, csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and / or other radio resource parameters.

[0164] The three beams illustrated in FIG. 11 B may be configured for a UE in a UE-specific configuration. Three beams are illustrated in FIG. 11 B (beam #1, beam #2, and beam #3), more or fewer beams may be configured. Beam #1 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1101 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a first symbol. Beam #2 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1102 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a second symbol. Beam #3 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1103 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a third symbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), a base station may use other subcarriers in a same RB (for example, those that are not used to transmit CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated with a beam for another UE. By using time domain multiplexing (TDM), beams used for the UE may be configured such that beams for the UE use symbols from beams of other UEs.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0165] CSI-RSs such as those illustrated in FIG. 11 B (e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102, 1103) maybe transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for one or more measurements. For example, the UE may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) of configured CSI-RS resources. The base station may configure the UE with a reporting configuration and the UE may report the RSRP measurements to a network (for example, via one or more base stations) based on the reporting configuration. In an example, the base station may determine, based on the reported measurement results, one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states comprising a number of reference signals. In an example, the base station may indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling, a MAC CE, and / or a DCI). The UE may receive a downlink transmission with a receive (Rx) beam determined based on the one or more TCI states. In an example, the UE may or may not have a capability of beam correspondence. If the UE has the capability of beam correspondence, the UE may determine a spatial domain filter of a transmit (Tx) beam based on a spatial domain filter of the corresponding Rx beam. If the UE does not have the capability of beam correspondence, the UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine the spatial domain filter of the Tx beam. The UE may perform the uplink beam selection procedure based on one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources configured to the UE by the base station. The base station may select and indicate uplink beams for the UE based on measurements of the one or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

[0166] In a beam management procedure, a UE may assess (e.g., measure) a channel quality of one or more beam pair links, a beam pair link comprising a transmitting beam transmitted by a base station and a receiving beam received by the UE. Based on the assessment, the UE may transmit a beam measurement report indicating one or more beam pair quality parameters comprising, e.g., one or more beam identifications (e.g., a beam index, a reference signal index, or the like), RSRP, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), and / or a rank indicator (Rl).

[0167] FIG. 12A illustrates examples of three downlink beam management procedures: P1, P2, and P3. Procedure P1 may enable a UE measurement on transmit (Tx) beamsofa transmission reception point (TRP) (or multiple TRPs), e.g., to support a selection of one or more base station Tx beams and / or UE Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of P1 ). Beamforming at a TRP may comprise a Tx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of P1 and P2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at a UE may comprise an Rx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown, in the bottom rows of P1 and P3, as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure P2 may be used to enable a UE measurement on Tx beams of a TRP (shown, in the top row of P2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure P2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1, or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may be referred to as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure P3 for Rx beam determination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and sweeping an Rx beam at the UE.

[0168] FIG. 12B illustrates examples of three uplink beam management procedures: U 1, U2, and U3. Procedure U1 may be used to enable a base station to perform a measurement on Tx beams of a UE, e.g., to support a selection ofDocket No.25-1050PCTone or more UE Tx beams and / or base station Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of U 1 ). Beamforming at the UE may include, e.g., a Tx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown in the bottom rows of U1 and U3 as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at the base station may include, e.g., an Rx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of U1 and U2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure U2 may be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam when the UE uses a fixed Tx beam. The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure U2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1, or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may be referred to as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure U3 to adjust its Tx beam when the base station uses a fixed Rx beam.

[0169] A UE may initiate a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure based on detecting a beam failure. The UE may transmit a BFR request (e.g., a preamble, a UCI, an SR, a MAC CE, and / or the like) based on the initiating of the BFR procedure. The UE may detect the beam failure based on a determination that a quality of beam pair link(s) of an associated control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., having an error rate higher than an error rate threshold, a received signal power lower than a received signal power threshold, an expiration of a timer, and / or the like).

[0170] The UE may measure a quality of a beam pair link using one or more reference signals (RSs) comprising one or more SS / PBCH blocks, one or more CSI-RS resources, and / or one or more demodulation reference signals (DMRSs). A quality of the beam pair link may be based on one or more of a block error rate (BLER), an RSRP value, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, and / or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The base station may indicate that an RS resource is quasi co-located (QC Led) with one or more DM-RSs of a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared data channel, and / or the like). The RS resource and the one or more DMRSs of the channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rx parameter, fading, and / or the like) from a transmission via the RS resource to the UE are similar or the same as the channel characteristics from a transmission via the channel to the UE.

[0171] A network (e.g., a gNB and / or an ng-eNB of a network) and / or the UE may initiate a random access procedure. A UE in an RRCJ DLE state and / or an RRCJNACTIVE state may initiate the random access procedure to request a connection setup to a network. The UE may initiate the random access procedure from an RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE may initiate the random access procedure to request uplink resources (e.g., for uplink transmission of an SR when there is no PUCCH resource available) and / or acquire uplink timing (e.g., when uplink synchronization status is non-synchronized). The UE may initiate the random access procedure to request one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., other system information such as SIB2, SIB3, and / or the like). The UE may initiate the random access procedure for a beam failure recovery request. A network may initiate a random access procedure fora handover and / or for establishing time alignment for an SCell addition.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0172] FIG. 13A illustrates a four-step contention-based random access procedure. Prior to initiation of the procedure, a base station may transmit a configuration message 1310 to the UE. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A comprises transmission of four messages: a Msg 1 1311, a Msg 21312, a Msg 31313, and a Msg 41314. The Msg 1 1311 may include and / or be referred to as a preamble (or a random access preamble). The Msg 21312 may include and / or be referred to as a random access response (RAR).

[0173] The configuration message 1310 may be transmitted, for example, using one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may indicate one or more random access channel (RACH) parameters to the UE. The one or more RACH parameters may comprise at least one of following: general parameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g., RACH-configGeneral); cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-Con figCommon) and / or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated). The base station may broadcastor multicast the one or more RRC messages to one or more UEs. The one or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g., dedicated RRC messages transmitted to a UE in an RRC_CONNECTED state and / or in an RRC J NACTIVE state). The UE may determine, based on the one or more RACH parameters, a time-frequency resource and / or an uplink transmit power for transmission of the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 31313. Based on the one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine a reception timing and a downlink channel for receiving the Msg 21312 and the Msg 41314.

[0174] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may indicate one or more Physical RACH (PRACH) occasions available for transmission of the Msg 1 1311. The one or more PRACH occasions may be predefined. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more available sets of one or more PRACH occasions (e.g., prach-Configlndex). The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more PRACH occasions and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more reference signals may be SS / PBCH blocks and / or CSI-RSs. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a number of SS / PBCH blocks mapped to a PRACH occasion and / or a number of preambles mapped to a SS / PBCH blocks.

[0175] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may be used to determine an uplink transmit power of Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg 31313. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a reference power for a preamble transmission (e.g., a received target power and / or an initial power of the preamble transmission). There may be one or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACH parameters. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: a power ramping step; a power offset between SSB and CSI-RS; a power offset between transmissions of the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 31313; and / or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds based on which the UE may determine at least one reference signal (e.g., an SSB and / or CSI-RS) and / or an uplink carrier (e.g., a normal uplink (NUL) carrier and / or a supplemental uplink (SUL) carrier).Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0176] The Msg 1 1311 may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., a preamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). An RRC message may be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and / or group B). A preamble group may comprise one or more preambles. The UE may determine the preamble group based on a pathloss measurement and / or a size of the Msg 31313. The UE may measure an RSRP of one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) and determine at least one reference signal having an RSRP above an RSRP threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and / or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). The UE may select at least one preamble associated with the one or more reference signals and / or a selected preamble group, for example, if the association between the one or more preambles and the at least one reference signal is configured by an RRC message.

[0177] The UE may determine the preamble based on the one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310. For example, the UE may determine the preamble based on a pathloss measurement, an RSRP measurement, and / or a size of the Msg 31313. As another example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: a preamble format; a maximum number of preamble transmissions; and / or one or more thresholds for determining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). A base station may use the one or more RACH parameters to configure the UE with an association between one or more preambles and one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs). If the association is configured, the UE may determine the preamble to include in Msg 1 1311 based on the association. The Msg 1 1311 may be transmitted to the base station via one or more PRACH occasions. The UE may use one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) for selection of the preamble and for determining of the PRACH occasion. One or more RACH parameters (e.g., ra-ssb-OccasionMsklndex and / or ra-OccasionList) may indicate an association between the PRACH occasions and the one or more reference signals.

[0178] The UE may perform a preamble retransmission if no response is received following a preamble transmission. The UE may increase an uplink transmit power for the preamble retransmission. The UE may select an initial preamble transmit power based on a pathloss measurement and / or a target received preamble power configured by the network. The UE may determine to retransmit a preamble and may ramp up the uplink transmit power. The UE may receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMP! NG_STEP) indicating a ramping step for the preamble retransmission. The ramping step may be an amount of incremental increase in uplink transmit power for a retransmission. The UE may ramp up the uplink transmit power if the UE determines a reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) that is the same as a previous preamble transmission. The UE may count a number of preamble transmissions and / or retransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSM! SS / ON_COUNTER). The UE may determine that a random access procedure completed unsuccessfully, for example, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds a threshold configured by the one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax).

[0179] The Msg 21312 received by the UE may include an RAR. In some scenarios, the Msg 21312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs. The Msg 21312 may be received after or in response to the transmitting of the Msg 1 1311. The Msg 21312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCHand indicated on a PDCCH using a randomDocket No. 25-1050PCTaccess RNTI (RA-RNTI). The Msg 2 1312 may indicate that the Msg 1 1311 was received by the base station. The Msg 21312 may include a time-alignment command that may be used by the UE to adjust the UE’s transmission timing, a scheduling grant for transmission of the Msg 31313, and / ora Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI). After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the Msg 21312. The UE may determine when to start the time window based on a PRACH occasion that the UE uses to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE may start the time window one or more symbols after a last symbol of the preamble (e.g., at a first PDCCH occasion from an end of a preamble transmission). The one or more symbols may be determined based on a numerology. The PDCCH may be in a common search space (eg., a Typel -PDCCH common search space) configured by an RRC message. The UE may identify the RAR based on a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI). RNTIs may be used depending on one or more events initiating the random access procedure. The UE may use random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI may be associated with PRACH occasions in which the UE transmits a preamble. For example, the UE may determine the RA-RNTI based on: an OFDM symbol index; a slot index; a frequency domain index; and / ora UL carrier indicator of the PRACH occasions. An example of RA-RNTI may be as follows:

[0180] RA-RNTI= 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id, where sjd maybe an index of a first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (e.g., 0 < sjd < 14), tjd may be an index of a first slot of the PRACH occasion in a system frame (e.g., 0 < tjd < 80), fjd may be an index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (e.g., 0 s fjd < 8), and ul_carrier_id may be a UL carrier used for a preamble transmission (e.g., 0 for an NUL carrier, and 1 for an SUL carrier).

[0181] The UE may transmit the Msg 31313 in response to a successful reception of the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., using resources identified in the Msg 21312). The Msg 31313 may be used for contention resolution in, for example, the contention-based random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A. In some scenarios, a plurality of UEs may transmit a same preamble to a base station and the base station may provide an RAR that corresponds to a UE. Collisions may occur if the plurality of UEs interpret the RAR as corresponding to themselves. Contention resolution (e.g., using the Msg 31313 and the Msg 41314) may be used to increase the likelihood that the UE does not incorrectly use an identity of another the UE. To perform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier in the Msg 31313 (e.g., a C-RNTI if assigned, a TC-RNTI included in the Msg 21312, and / or any other suitable identifier).

[0182] The Msg 41314 may be received after or in response to the transmitting of the Msg 31313. If a C-RNTI was included in the Msg 31313, the base station will address the UE on the PDCCH using the C-RNTI. If the UE's unique C-RNTI is detected on the PDCCH, the random access procedure is determined to be successfully completed. If a TC-RNTI is included in the Msg 31313 (e.g., if the UE is in an RRC_IDLE state or not otherwise connected to the base station), Msg 4 1314 will be received using a DL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If a MAC PDU is successfully decoded and a MAC PDU comprises the UE contention resolution identity MAC CE that matches or otherwiseDocket No. 25-1050PCTcorresponds with the CCCH SDU sent (e.g., transmitted) in Msg 31313, the UE may determine that the contention resolution is successful and / or the UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0183] The UE may be configured with a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier and a normal uplink (NUL) carrier. An initial access (e.g., random access procedure) may be supported in an uplink carrier. For example, a base station may configure the UE with two separate RACH configurations: one for an SUL carrier and the other for an NUL carrier. For random access in a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network may indicate which carrier to use (NUL or SUL). The UE may determine the SUL carrier, for example, if a measured quality of one or more reference signals is lower than a broadcast threshold. Uplink transmissions of the random access procedure (e.g., the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 31313) may remain on the selected carrier. The UE may switch an uplink carrier during the random access procedure (e.g., between the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313) in one or more cases. For example, the UE may determine and / or switch an uplink carrier for the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 31313 based on a channel clear assessment (e.g., a listen-before-talk).

[0184] FIG. 13B illustrates a two-step contention-free random access procedure. Similar to the four-step contentionbased random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A, a base station may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit a configuration message 1320 to the UE. The configuration message 1320 may be analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B comprises transmission of two messages: a Msg 1 1321 and a Msg 21322. The Msg 1 1321 and the Msg 21322 may be analogous in some respects to the Msg 1 1311 and a Msg 2 1312 illustrated in FIG. 13A, respectively. As will be understood from FIGS. 13A and 13B, the contention-free random access procedure may not include messages analogous to the Msg 31313 and / or the Msg 41314.

[0185] The contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B may be initiated for a beam failure recovery, other SI request, SCell addition, and / or handover. For example, a base station may indicate or assign to the UE the preamble to be used for the Msg 1 1321. The UE may receive, from the base station via PDCCH and / or RRC, an indication of a preamble (e.g., ra-Preamblelndex).

[0186] After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the RAR. In the event of a beam failure recovery request, the base station may configure the UE with a separate time window and / or a separate PDCCH in a search space indicated by an RRC message (e.g., recoverySearchSpaceld). The UE may monitor for a PDCCH transmission addressed to a Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) on the search space. In the contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B, the UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes after or in response to transmission of Msg 1 1321 and reception of a corresponding Msg 21322. The UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes, for example, if a PDCCH transmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. The UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes, for example, if the UE receives an RAR comprising a preamble identifier corresponding to a preamble transmitted by the UE and / or the RAR comprises a MAC sub-PDU with the preamble identifier. The UE may determine the response as an indication of an acknowledgement for an SI request.Docket No. 25-1050PCT

[0187] FIG. 13C illustrates another two-step random access procedure. Similar to the random access procedures illustrated in FIGS. 13Aand 13B, a base station may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit a configuration message 1330 to the UE. The configuration message 1330 maybe analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310 and / or the configuration message 1320. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13C comprises transmission of two messages: a Msg A 1331 and a Msg B 1332.

[0188] Msg A 1331 may be transmitted in an uplink transmission by the UE. Msg A 1331 may comprise one or more transmissions of a preamble 1341 and / or one or more transmissions of a transport block 1342. The transport block 1342 may comprise contents that are similar and / or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 31313 illustrated in FIG 13A. The transport block 1342 may comprise UCI (e.g., an SR, a HARQ ACK / NACK, and / or the like). The UE may receive the Msg B 1332 after or in response to transmitting the Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise contents that are similar and / or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., an RAR) illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B and / or the Msg 41314 illustrated in FIG. 13A.

[0189] The UE may initiate the two-step random access procedure in FIG. 13C for licensed spectrum and / or unlicensed spectrum. The UE may determine, based on one or more factors, whether to initiate the two-step random access procedure. The one or more factors may be: a radio access technology in use (e.g., LTE, NR, and / or the like); whether the UE has valid TA or not; a cell size; the UE’s RRC state; a type of spectrum (e.g., licensed vs. unlicensed); and / or any other suitable factors.

[0190] The UE may determine, based on two-step RACH parameters included in the configuration message 1330, a radio resource and / or an uplink transmit power for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342 included in the Msg A 1331. The RACH parameters may indicate a modulation and coding schemes (MCS), a time-frequency resource, and / or a power control for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342. A time-frequency resource for transmission of the preamble 1341 (e.g., a PRACH) and a time-frequency resource for transmission of the transport block 1342 (e.g., a PUSCH) maybe multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and / or CDM. The RACH parameters may enable the UE to determine a reception timing and a downlink channel for monitoring for and / or receiving Msg B 1332.

[0191] The transport block 1342 may comprise data (e.g., delay-sensitive data), an identifier of the UE, security information, and / or device information (e.g, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The base station may transmit the Msg B 1332 as a response to the Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise at least one of following: a preamble identifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; an uplink grant (e.g., a radio resource assignment and / or an MCS); a UE identifier for contention resolution; and / or an RNTI (e.g., a C-RNTI or a TC-RNTI). The UE may determine that the two-step random access procedure is successfully completed if: a preamble identifier in the Msg B 1332 is matched to a preamble transmitted by the UE; and / or the identifier of the UE in Msg B 1332 is matched to the identifier of the UE in the Msg A 1331 (e.g., the transport block 1342).

[0192] A UE and a base station may exchange control signaling. The control signaling may be referred to as L1 / L2 control signaling and may originate from the PHY layer (e.g., layer 1) and / or the MAC layer (e.g., layer 2). The controlDocket No.25-1050PCTsignaling may comprise downlink control signaling transmitted from the base station to the UE and / or uplink control signaling transmitted from the UE to the base station.

[0193] The downlink control signaling may comprise: a downlink scheduling assignment; an uplink scheduling grant indicating uplink radio resources and / or a transport format; a slot format information; a preemption indication; a power control command; and / or any other suitable signaling. The UE may receive the downlink control signaling in a payload transmitted by the base station on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred to as downlink control information (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH may be a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) that is common to a group of UEs.

[0194] A base station may attach one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) parity bits to a DCI in order to facilitate detection of transmission errors. When the DCI is intended for a UE (or a group of the UEs), the base station may scramble the CRC parity bits with an identifier of the UE (or an identifier of the group of the UEs). Scrambling the CRC parity bits with the identifier may comprise Modulo-2 addition (or an exclusive OR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. The identifier may comprise a 16-bit value of a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI).

[0195] DCIs may be used for different purposes. A purpose may be indicated by the type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, a DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) may indicate paging information and / or a system information change notification. The P-RNTI may be predefined as " FFFE” in hexadecimal. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) may indicate a broadcast transmission of the system information. The SI-RNTI may be predefined as " FFFF” in hexadecimal. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) may indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) may indicate a dynamically scheduled unicast transmission and / or a triggering of PDCCH-ordered random access. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI) may indicate a contention resolution (e.g., a Msg 3 analogous to the Msg 31313 illustrated in FIG. 13A). Other RNTIs configured to the UE by a base station may comprise a Configured Scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUCCH RNTI (TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), an Interruption RNTI (INT-RNTI), a Slot Format Indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), a Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), a Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell RNTI (MCS-C-RNTI), and / or the like.

[0196] Depending on the purpose and / or content of a DCI, the base station may transmit the DCIs with one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format 0_0 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell. DCI format 0_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 0_1 maybe used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 may be used for scheduling of PDSCH in a cell. DCI format 1_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 1 J may be used for scheduling of PDSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 1_0). DCI format 2_0 may be used for providing a slot format indication to a group of UEs. DCI format 2_1 may be used for notifying a group of UEs of aDocket No.25-1050PCTphysical resource block and / or OFDM symbol where the UE may assume no transmission is intended to the UE. DCI format 2_2 may be used for transmission of a transmit power control (TPC) command for PUCCH or PUSCH. DCI format 2_3 may be used for transmission of a group of TPC commands for SRS transmissions by one or more UEs. DCI format(s) for new functions may be defined in future releases. DCI formats may have different DCI sizes, or may share the same DCI size.

[0197] After scrambling a DCI with a RNTI, the base station may process the DCI with channel coding (e.g., polar coding), rate matching, scrambling and / or QPSK modulation. A base station may map the coded and modulated DCI on resource elements used and / or configured for a PDCCH. Based on a payload size of the DCI and / or a coverage of the base station, the base station may transmit the DCI via a PDCCH occupying a number of contiguous control channel elements (CCEs). The number of the contiguous CCEs (referred to as aggregation level) may be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and / or any other suitable number. A CCE may comprise a number (e.g., 6) of resource-element groups (REGs). A REG may comprise a resource block in an OFDM symbol. The mapping of the coded and modulated DCI on the resource elements may be based on mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g., CCE-to-REG mapping).

[0198] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for a bandwidth part. The base station may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH on one or more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET may comprise a timefrequency resource in which the UE tries to decode a DCI using one or more search spaces. The base station may configure a CORESET in the time-frequency domain. In the example of FIG. 14A, a first CORESET 1401 and a second CORESET 1402 occur at the first symbol in a slot. The first CORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequency domain. A third CORESET 1403 occurs ata third symbol in the slot. A fourth CORESET 1404 occurs at the seventh symbol in the slot. CORESETs may have a different number of resource blocks in frequency domain.

[0199] FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing. The CCE-to-REG mapping may be an interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of providing frequency diversity) or a non-interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purposes of facilitating interference coordination and / or frequency-selective transmission of control channels). The base station may perform different or same CCE-to-REG mapping on different CORESETs. A CORESET maybe associated with a CCE-to-REG mapping by RRC configuration. A CORESET may be configured with an antenna port quasi co-location (QCL) parameter. The antenna port QCL parameter may indicate QCL information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for PDCCH reception in the CORESET.

[0200] The base station may transmit, to the UE, RRC messages comprising configuration parameters of one or more CORESETs and one or more search space sets. The configuration parameters may indicate an association between a search space set and a CORESET. A search space set may comprise a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs ata given aggregation level. The configuration parameters may indicate: a number of PDCCH candidates to be monitored per aggregation level; a PDCCH monitoring periodicity and a PDCCH monitoring pattern; one or more DCI formats to be monitored by the UE; and / or whether a search space set is a common search space set or a UE-Docket No.25-1050PCTspecific search space set. A set of CCEs in the common search space set may be predefined and known to the UE. A set of CCEs in the UE-specific search space set may be configured based on the UE’s identity (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0201] As shown in FIG. 14B, the UE may determine a time-frequency resource fora CORESET based on RRC messages. The UE may determine a CCE-to-REG mapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved, and / or mapping parameters) for the CORESET based on configuration parameters of the CORESET. The UE may determine a number (e.g., at most 10) of search space sets configured on the CORESET based on the RRC messages. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates according to configuration parameters of a search space set. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs for detecting one or more DCIs. Monitoring may comprise decoding one or more PDCCH candidates of the set of the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI formats. Monitoring may comprise decoding a DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates with possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., number of CCEs, number of PDCCH candidates in common search spaces, and / or number of PDCCH candidates in the UE-specific search spaces) and possible (or configured) DCI formats. The decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. The UE may determine a DCI as valid for the UE, in response to CRC checking (e.g., scrambled bits for CRC parity bits of the DCI matching a RNTI value). The UE may process information contained in the DCI (e.g., a scheduling assignment, an uplink grant, power control, a slot format indication, a downlink preemption, and / or the like).

[0202] The UE may transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink control information (UCI)) to a base station. The uplink control signaling may comprise hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements for received DL-SCH transport blocks. The UE may transmit the HARQ acknowledgements after receiving a DL-SCH transport block. Uplink control signaling may comprise channel state information (CSI) indicating channel quality of a physical downlink channel. The UE may transmit the CSI to the base station. The base station, based on the received CSI, may determine transmission format parameters (e.g., comprising multi-antenna and beamforming schemes) for a downlink transmission. Uplink control signaling may comprise scheduling requests (SR). The UE may transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is available for transmission to the base station. The UE may transmit a UCI (e.g., HARQ acknowledgements (HARQ-ACK), CSI report, SR, and the like) via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The UE may transmit the uplink control signaling via a PUCCH using one of several PUCCH formats.

[0203] There may be five PUCCH formats and the UE may determine a PUCCH format based on a size of the UCI (e.g., a number of uplink symbols of UCI transmission and a number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 may have a length of one or two OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may transmit UCI in a PUCCH resource using PUCCH format 0 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK information bits with positive or negative SR (HARQ-ACK / SR bits) is one or two. PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 1 if the transmission is four or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK / SR bits is one or two. PUCCH format 2 may occupy one or twoDocket No. 25-1050PCTOFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 2 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the number of UCI bits is two or more. PUCCH format 3 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 3 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and PUCCH resource does not include an orthogonal cover code. PUCCH format 4 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 4 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and the PUCCH resource includes an orthogonal cover code.

[0204] The base station may transmit configuration parameters to the UE for a plurality of PUCCH resource sets using, for example, an RRC message. The plurality of PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets) may be configured on an uplink BWP of a cell. A PUCCH resource set may be configured with a PUCCH resource set index, a plurality of PUCCH resources with a PUCCH resource being identified by a PUCCH resource identifier (e.g., pucch-Resourceid), and / or a number (e.g., a maximum number) of UCI information bits the UE may transmit using one of the plurality of PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. When configured with a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may select one of the plurality of PUCCH resource sets based on a total bit length of the UCI information bits (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and / or CSI). If the total bit length of UCI information bits is two or fewer, the UE may select a first PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “0”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than two and less than or equal to a first configured value, the UE may select a second PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "1”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the first configured value and less than or equal to a second configured value, the UE may select a third PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “2”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the second configured value and less than or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406), the UE may select a fourth PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "3”.

[0205] After determining a PUCCH resource set from a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may determine a PUCCH resource from the PUCCH resource set for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) transmission. The UE may determine the PUCCH resource based on a PUCCH resource indicator in a DCI (e.g., with a DCI format 1_0 or DCI format 1_1) received on a PDCCH. A three-bit PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI may indicate one of eight PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCH resource indicator, the UE may transmit the UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI and / or SR) using a PUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI.

[0206] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device 1502 in communication with a base station 1504 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 may be part of a mobile communication network, such as the mobile communication network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobile communication network 150 illustrated in FIG. 1B, or any other communication network. Only one wireless device 1502 and one base station 1504 are illustrated in FIG. 15, but it will be understood that a mobile communication network mayDocket No. 25-1050PCTinclude more than one UE and / or more than one base station, with the same or similar configuration as those shown in FIG. 15.

[0207] The base station 1504 may connect the wireless device 1502 to a core network (not shown) through radio communications over the air interface (or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from the base station 1504 to the wireless device 1502 over the air interface 1506 is known as the downlink, and the communication direction from the wireless device 1502 to the base station 1504 over the air interface is known as the uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions using FDD, TDD, and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0208] In the downlink, data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 from the base station 1504 may be provided to the processing system 1508 of the base station 1504. The data may be provided to the processing system 1508 by, for example, a core network. In the uplink, data to be sent to the base station 1504 from the wireless device 1502 may be provided to the processing system 1518 of the wireless device 1502. The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may implement layer 3 and layer 2 OSI functionality to process the data for transmission. Layer 2 may include an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, and a MAC layer, for example, with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. Layer 3 may include an RRC layer as with respect to FIG. 2B.

[0209] After being processed by processing system 1508, the data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 may be provided to a transmission processing system 1510 of base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed by the processing system 1518, the data to be sent to base station 1504 may be provided to a transmission processing system 1520 of the wireless device 1502. The transmission processing system 1510 and the transmission processing system 1520 may implement layer 1 OSI functionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG.2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. For transmit processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, forward error correction coding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of transport channels to physical channels, modulation of physical channel, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0210] At the base station 1504, a reception processing system 1512 may receive the uplink transmission from the wireless device 1502. At the wireless device 1502, a reception processing system 1522 may receive the downlink transmission from base station 1504. The reception processing system 1512 and the reception processing system 1522 may implement layer 1 OSI functionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. For receive processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, error detection, forward error correction decoding, deinterleaving, demapping of transport channels to physical channels, demodulation of physical channels, MIMO or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0211] As shown in FIG. 15, a wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 may include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas may be used to perform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatial multiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO), transmit / receive diversity, and / or beamforming. In other examples, the wireless device 1502 and / or the base station 1504 may have a single antenna.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0212] The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may be associated with a memory 1514 and a memory 1524, respectively. Memory 1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums) may store computer program instructions or code that may be executed by the processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 to carry out one or more of the functionalities discussed in the present application. Although not shown in FIG. 15, the transmission processing system 1510, the transmission processing system 1520, the reception processing system 1512, and / or the reception processing system 1522 may be coupled to a memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums) storing computer program instructions or code that may be executed to carry out one or more of their respective functionalities.

[0213] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may comprise one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. The one or more controllers and / or one or more processors may comprise, for example, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and / or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, an on-board unit, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may perform at least one of signal coding / processing, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that may enable the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 to operate in a wireless environment.

[0214] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to one or more peripherals 1516 and one or more peripherals 1526, respectively. The one or more peripherals 1516 and the one or more peripherals 1526 may include software and / or hardware that provide features and / or functionalities, for example, a speaker, a microphone, a keypad, a display, a touchpad, a power source, a satellite transceiver, a universal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, an electronic control unit (e.g., for a motor vehicle), and / or one or more sensors (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a temperature sensor, a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a camera, and / or the like). The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may receive user input data from and / or provide user output data to the one or more peripherals 1516 and / or the one or more peripherals 1526. The processing system 1518 in the wireless device 1502 may receive power from a power source and / or may be configured to distribute the power to the other components in the wireless device 1502. The power source may comprise one or more sources of power, for example, a battery, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to a GPS chipset 1517 and a GPS chipset 1527, respectively. The GPS chipset 1517 and the GPS chipset 1527 may be configured to provide geographic location information of the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504, respectively.

[0215] FIG. 16A illustrates an example structure for uplink transmission. A baseband signal representing a physical uplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise at least one of: scrambling; modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping of the complex-valuedDocket No.25-1050PCTmodulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols; precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mapping of precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation of complex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and / or the like. In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transform precoding is not enabled, a CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission may be generated by FIG. 16A. These functions are illustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0216] FIG. 16B illustrates an example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port and / or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

[0217] FIG. 16C illustrates an example structure for downlink transmissions. A baseband signal representing a physical downlink channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling of coded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel; modulation of scrambled bits to generate complexvalued modulation symbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulation symbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping of complex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resource elements; generation of complex-valued timedomain OFDM signal for an antenna port; and / or the like. These functions are illustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0218] FIG. 16D illustrates another example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

[0219] A wireless device may receive from a base station one or more messages (e.g., RRC messages) comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of cells (e.g., primary cell, secondary cell). The wireless device may communicate with at least one base station (e.g., two or more base stations in dual connectivity) via the plurality of cells. The one or more messages (e.g., as a part of the configuration parameters) may comprise parameters of physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers for configuring the wireless device. For example, the configuration parameters may comprise parameters for configuring physical and MAC layer channels, bearers, etc. For example, the configuration parameters may comprise parameters indicating values of timers for physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers, and / or communication channels.

[0220] A timer may begin running once it is started and continue running until it is stopped or until it expires. A timer may be started if it is not running or restarted if it is running. A timer may be associated with a value (e.g., the timer may be started or restarted from a value or may be started from zero and expire once it reaches the value). The duration of a timer may not be updated until the timer is stopped or expires (e.g., due to BWP switching). A timer may be used toDocket No.25-1050PCTmeasure a time period / window for a process. When the specification refers to an implementation and procedure related to one or more timers, it will be understood that there are multiple ways to implement the one or more timers. For example, it will be understood that one or more of the multiple ways to implement a timer may be used to measure a time period / window for the procedure. For example, a random access response window timer may be used for measuring a window of time for receiving a random access response. In an example, instead of starting and expiry (or expiration) of a random access response window timer, the time difference between two time stamps may be used. When a timer is restarted, a process for measurement of time window may be restarted. Other example implementations may be provided to restart a measurement of a time window.

[0221] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of beam prediction as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0222] In an example, a transmission reception point (TRP) of multiple TRPs of a base station (BS) may be identified by a TRP identifier (ID). The TRP may be identified by a virtual cell index. The TRP may be identified by a reference signal index (or group index). In an example, a TRP may be identified by a control resource set group or pool index (e.g., coresetPoollndex) of a control resource set group. The BS may transmit a DCI on a control resource set. The control resource set may be associated with a control resource set pool index. In the example of FIG. 17, the TRP may be identified by either TRP 1 or CORESET pool 0.

[0223] In an example, a BS may transmit a DCI that comprises a TRP index related to a TRP ID of a TRP. In another example, the TRP ID of a TRP may comprise a TCI state group index of a TCI state group. A TCI state group may comprise at least one TCI state enabling a wireless device to receive downlink TBs. Similarly, a TCI state group may also comprise at least one TCI state allowing the BS to transmit downlink TBs.

[0224] In an example, a BS may be equipped with (e.g., comprises) multiple TRPs. The BS may transmit one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages to a wireless device. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters for a plurality of CORESETs on / of a cell (or a BWP of the cell). Each of the plurality of CORESETs may be identified by a unique CORESET index. Each of the plurality of CORESETS may be associated with (or configured with) a CORESET pool (or group) index.

[0225] In an example, a wireless device may receive DCIs on one or more CORESETs that share the same CORESET pool index. The wireless device may receive these DCIs from the same TRP among a plurality of TRPs of the BS. The wireless device may determine Rx beams for PDCCHs / PDSCHs based on a TCI indication. For example, a DCI may comprise a field with the TCI indication. The wireless device may then determine Rx beams based on the CORESET pool index associated with the specific CORESET for that DCI.

[0226] In an example, a wireless device may receive multiple PDCCHs that schedule fully / partially / non-overlapped PDSCHs in both time and frequency domains. The wireless device may also receive one or more RRC messages, like the PDCCH-Config IE, which comprises a ControlResourceSet IE. The ControlResourceSet IE may indicate a first CORESET pool index (e.g., coresetPoollndex). Additionally, the PDCCH-Config may comprise a secondDocket No.25-1050PCTControlResourceSetlE, indicating a second COESET pool index value. The wireless device may then receive PDCCHs that schedule two PDSCHs associated with different ControlResourceSets with distinct CORESET pool indexs. In such scenarios, the wireless device may determine the reception of full / partially overlapped PDSCHs in the time domain.

[0227] In an example, a wireless device may either assume or determine that the ControlResourceSet is assigned with coresetPoollndex as 0 for a ControlResourceSet without coresetPoollndex. The wireless device may be scheduled to receive full / partially / non-overlapped PDSCHs in both time and frequency domains. The wireless device may receive scheduling information via the PDCCH that indicates the corresponding PDSCH. The wireless device may expect to be scheduled with two coresetPoollndexes configured via the same active BWP and with the same SCS. In such a scenario, the wireless device may be scheduled to receive at most two codewords simultaneously.

[0228] In an example, a wireless device may be configured by a higher layer parameter PDCCH-Config that indicates two different coresetPoollndex in ControlResourceSets. In such a case, the wireless device may receive tci-PresentlnDC I being set to 'enabled' and tci-PresentlnDCI configured in RRC connected mode. The wireless device may receive a DCI, scheduling a PDSCH, with an offset between the reception of the DCI and the PDSCH. The offset may be less than the threshold timeDurationForQCL Under these conditions, the wireless device may assume QCL parameters of the DM-RS ports of PDSCH being associated with a coresetPoollndex of a serving cell. The wireless device may assume that the QCL parameters are the same as QCL parameters used for a PDCCH quasi co-location indication. The QCL parameters used for the PDCCH quasi co-location indication may be for the CORESET associated with a monitored search space. The monitored search space may have the lowest CORESET-ID among all CORESETs. The BS may configure these CORESETs with the same coresetPoollndex as the PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH. The wireless device may monitor one or more CORESETs in the latest slot when the one or more CORESETs associated with the same coresetPoollndex as the PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH within the active BWP of the serving cell. The wireless device may receive RRC messages configuring at least one TCI state for the serving cell of scheduled PDSCH with 'QCL-TypeD'. The wireless device may receive a MAC CE activating at least one TCI codepoint indicating two TCI states. Under these conditions, the wireless device may assume QCL parameters of the DM-RS ports of PDSCH of a serving cell being the same as those associated with first TCI states, which correspond to the lowest codepoint among the TCI codepoints indicating two TCI states.

[0229] In an example, a wireless device may be configured with multiple panels. The wireless device may determine to activate (or select) one of the multiple panels. The wireless device may receive downlink signals / channels transmitted from one of multiple TRPs of the BS using the activated panel. The activation / selection of one of the multiple panels may be based on receiving downlink signaling indicating the activation / selection. The BS may transmit one or more reference signals (RSs) for measuring downlink channel qualities. The wireless device may automatically (e.g., without signaling from the BS) activate / select one of the multiple panels based on measuring the downlink channel qualities.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0230] In an example, the wireless device may apply a spatial domain filter to transmit from one of the multiple panels. The spatial domain filter may be a spatial domain transmit / transmission filter. The wireless device may transmit signals to one of the multiple TRPs of the BS. The wireless device may determine an active panel and apply an appropriate spatial domain filter based on an UL TCI indication within a DCI. The wireless device may determine the active panel and apply the spatial domain filter based on a panel ID included in the DCI. The wireless device may determine the active panel and apply the spatial domain filter based on an SRI indication within a DCI. The wireless device may determine the active panel and apply the spatial domain filter based on a CORESET pool index of a CORESET for receiving the DCI.

[0231] In an example, the wireless device may receive a DCI indicating an uplink grant. Based on receiving the DCI, the wireless device may determine an active panel and apply a corresponding transmission beam or spatial domain transmission filter on that panel. The wireless device may receive a DCI comprising a panel ID explicitly indicating the specific panel to be used. The wireless device may determine the active panel implicitly indicated by an SRS ID (or an SRS group / pool index) within the received DCI. The wireless device may determine a panel implicitly indicated by a UL TCI pool index of a UL TCI for uplink transmission. The wireless device may determine the active panel implicitly indicated by a CORESET pool index of a CORESET for receiving the DCI.

[0232] In an example, the wireless device may transmit a capability message to the BS via the TRP. The capability message may comprise a minimum time duration for the wireless device to apply a quasi-col location assumption, such as applying a spatial domain reception / receive filter. The wireless device may indicate different minimum time durations for applying quasi-collocation assumptions across different SCSs. The capabilities of the wireless device may vary depending on the specific band combinations or frequency band in use.

[0233] In the example, the wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages indicating a set of TCI states. The wireless device may then receive an activation command via a MAC CE, which activates a subset of TCI states from the set indicated in the RRC messages. For instance, the MAC CE may map a codepoint of a field, such as the Transmission Configuration Indicator, to one or two specific TCI states from the set.

[0234] In the example depicted in FIG. 17, the BS may be equipped with a TRP, such as TRP 1. The BS may transmit (Tx) a RS via / using a Tx beam (or spatial domain transmission / transmit filter). The RS may be a respective RS of a plurality of RSs. The Tx beam may be a Tx beam of a plurality of Tx beams, each directed towards a different spatial direction. The BS may transmit each RS of the plurality of RSs over respective radio resources, which are assigned in both time and frequency domains. The RS may be an SSB, a CSI-RS and the like.

[0235] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may be equipped with an antenna panel (e.g., antenna panel 1). The wireless device may receive (Rx) the respective RS via / using a Rx beam (or spatial domain reception / receive filter). Similar to the BS’s transmission, the wireless device may utilize a plurality of Rx beams from its antenna panel. Each Rx beam of the plurality of Rx beams may be oriented towards different spatial directions to ensure optimal signal reception. Based on these measurements, the wireless device may determine the radio link quality of the received RSDocket No. 25-1050PCTusing specific metrics such as layer one RSRP (L1-RSRP), layer one SINR (L1-SINR), RSRP, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), RSRQ, signal to noise ratio (SNR), SINR, BLER and the like.

[0236] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may determine an RS as having better measured radio link quality if the radio link quality, for instance, L1 -RSRP, is higher or stronger / larger in value compared to other RSs. Specifically, the wireless device may identify an RS with the best measured radio link quality by determining which RS has the highest, strongest, or largest L1-RSRP value.

[0237] In the example of FIG. 17, both the BS and the wireless device may employ beam management procedures (e.g., P1 / P2 / P3) to align the best RS (transmitted via / using the optimum Tx beam) with the best Rx beam. The wireless device first determines a suitable Rx beam for each RS of the plurality of RSs. This selection is based on radio link qualities measurements, which involve evaluating each RS received through every Rx beam of the plurality of Rx beams. The wireless device may determine the most effective Rx beam for a specific RS by identifying the one that achieves the highest measured radio link quality, ensuring accurate RS measurement.

[0238] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may determine the best RS of the plurality of RS based on their radio link qualities. Using the most effective Rx beam for each RS, the wireless device may evaluate which RS has the highest radio link quality. The wireless device may determine the top k RSs (e.g., top 1, top 2, or top 4) by ranking these measured radio link qualities from strongest to weakest.

[0239] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may transmit a channel state information (CSI) report comprising information on the top k RSs' radio link qualities. The CSI report may comprise specific resource indicators (e.g., CSI-RS or SSB resource indicators) for selected RSs. The BS may receive the CSI report and uses it to select the optimum Tx beam. For instance, the BS may determine which Tx beam to use by identifying the RS having the highest measured radio link quality indicated in the CSI report.

[0240] In the example of FIG. 17, the BS may indicate a TCI state to transmit downlink signals via / using the Tx beam. The TCI state may comprise one or more quasi-collocation (QCL) source RSs, each indicated by an RS resource indicator with the best radio link quality among the plurality of RSs. The downlink signals may be QCL-ed with a first and / or a second QCL source RS, depending on the TCI state, which specifies parameters like Spatial Rx Parameters, Doppler effects (e.g., Doppler shift, spread) or delay (e.g., average or spread).

[0241] In the example of FIG. 17, the BS may transmit a DCI comprising a TCI field set to a specific codeword. The TCI field may indicate a TCI state. The wireless device may apply the best Rx beam for receiving the downlink signals in response to receiving the DCI comprising the TCI field set to indicate the specific codeword.

[0242] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may transmit a second CSI report to provide CSI for an RS associated with the TCI state. The RS in question may be both identified as a QCL source RS of that TCI state and utilized as such. The RS may be an RS QCL-ed with the QCL source RS of the TCI state. For instance, the second CSI report may comprise a rank indicator (Rl), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), one or more channel quality indicators (CQI), a layer indicator (LI) and the like. The wireless device may determine the CSI for the second CSI report byDocket No.25-1050PCTmeasuring the RS via / using the most effective Rx beam for the QCL source RS associated with the indicated TCI state. Finally, the wireless device may transmit the second CSI report comprising the requested CSI.

[0243] In the example of FIG. 17, the BS may transmit the downlink signals (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH) via / using the determined Tx beam corresponding to a specific TCI state. The wireless device may receive the downlink signals via / using its designated Rx beam designed for that same TCI state. Additionally, the BS relies on the second CSI report to adjust its transmission parameters. For instance, the BS may use the RI / PMI values from the second CSI report to determine an appropriate precoding matrix for transmission of the downlink signals. In another scenario, the BS may utilize RI / CQI of the second CSI report to select an modulation and coding schemes (MCS) (e.g., a MCS achieving 10% BLER for initial transmission) for transmission of the downlink signals.

[0244] In the example FIG. 17, based on receiving the radio link qualities and, or when necessary, CSI, the BS may transmit a DCI via PDCCH. The DCI may comprise a field known as Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI). This indicator may signal a new TCI state or a new Tx beam direction. If the new TCI state differs from the current one, the BS may assume that the wireless device can adjust its Rx beam to align with the new configuration within a specified time duration (e.g., timeDurationForQCL') for applying quasi-collocation assumptions.

[0245] In the example of FIG. 17, the plurality of RSs may be named Set A of RSs. The BS can transmit Set B of RSs for radio link quality measurements. The BS may not transmit one or more RSs from Set A for accessing radio link qualities. This means that the BS can only transmit RSs from Set A if those same RSs are also part of Set B.Consequently, the BS may not transmit any RS from Set A for radio link quality measurements. Additionally, the plurality of Tx beams may be labeled Set A of Tx beams.

[0246] In the example of FIG. 17, the BS may transmit the Set B of RSs via / using Set B of Tx beams. The Set A of RSs may comprise the Set B of RSs as a subset. For instance, the Set A of RSs are CSI-RSs. Conversely, the Set A of RSs may not comprise the Set B of RSs, depending on the specific configuration. For instance, the Set B of RSs are SSBs and the Set A of RSs are CSI-RSs.

[0247] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may receive the Set B of RSs. The wireless device may determine an Rx beam for each RS in Set B. Additionally, the wireless device may determine a radio link quality for each such RS. Using this information, the wireless device may predict radio link qualities for RSs in Set A without direct measurements. For example, if an RS of Set A is not part of Set B, it is considered unmeasured or un-transmitted. The wireless device may then estimate its radio link quality based on measured radio link qualities from one or more RSs in Set B.

[0248] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may perform prediction based on a model, such as an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model. The model may be implemented on the wireless device, for instance, via a device-side implementation.

[0249] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may transmit CSI reports for top k RSs in Set A. These predicted radio link qualities may match measured values like RSRP, RSRQ and SINR in terms of quantity. ForDocket No.25-1050PCTinstance, each CSI report may comprise an RS resource indicator for every top k RS and their respective predicted radio link quality. Another example is a CSI report that comprises RS resource indicators without predicted radio link qualities for the top k RSs. Based on the determined RSs, the BS may identify a TCI state and transmit a DCI with a TCI field set to a specific codeword, signaling the TCI state for downlink signals transmission.

[0250] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters for a CSI report, such as the CSI-ReportConfig IE. The configuration parameters, for the CSI report, may indicate a CSI resource configuration, starting with a field indicating resources for channel measurement (e.g., resourcesForChannelMeasuremenf), set via a specific CSI-ResourceConfigld identifier. This CSI resource configuration may be associated with one or more first sets of CSI-SSB resources, which are configured based on the received parameters.

[0251] In the example of FIG. 17, the configuration parameters of the one or more first sets of CSI-SSB resources may include specification for a specific set (e.g., Set B). These configuration parameters may indicate parameters for each resource within this set. For each resource in Set B, the BS may transmit corresponding CSI-SSB using a designated Tx beam, with transmission details possibly specified via a SSB index (e.g., via SSB-lndex IE).

[0252] In the example of FIG. 17, the one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters not only for Set B of RSs but also for Set A of RSs. Specifically, for Set A, a second field (e.g., resourcesForChannelPrediction) may indicate the required CSI resources for prediction. This field is typically assigned an ID using CSI-ResourceConfigld IE.

[0253] In the example of FIG. 17, the CSI resource for predication (e.g., resourcesForChannelPrediction) may indicate one or more second sets of non-zero power CSI-RS resources. For instance, the configuration parameters of these resources may specify details related to Set A. Note that in some examples, not all of non-zero power CSI-RS resources from the first set (used for Set B) are necessarily included in the one or more second sets for Set A. The BS may transmit a particular non-zero power CSI-RS resource from the second set only if it is also present in the first set. The configuration parameters of each non-zero power CSI-RS resource in the second set may include specific details such as an ID (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld IE).

[0254] In the example of FIG. 17, based on the measurements from Set B (the first set of CSI-SSB resources), the wireless device may predict radio link qualities for Set A (the second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources). For instance, each predicted radio link quality corresponds to a specific non-zero power CSI-RS in Set A. The measured and predicted radio link qualities may represent the same type of radio link quality.

[0255] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may determine top k non-zero power CSI-RSs from Set A (the second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources). The wireless device may transmit a first CSI report comprising radio link qualities for Nt future time instances / intervals (e.g., 1 / 2 / 4 / 8). For each time instance / interval, the first CSI report may comprise top k RSs (e.g., 1 / 2 / 4 / 8) from Set A. Each time instance / interval may have a start and end time. The start / endDocket No. 25-1050PCTtime may be in slots / mil liseconds. The end time for the nthtime instance / i nterval is either its own slot or the start time of a n+1thtime instance / interval, ensuring non-overlapping intervals.

[0256] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may transmit the first CSI report at a time(slot / sy mbol / f rame / mi I lisecond) earlier than the start time of the earliest future time instance / duration. For example, if a time instance / duration is to begin at time T, the first CSI report is transmitted at time T, where T< T. The radio link qualities reported for that time instance / interval may be based on the best available RSs (top k RSs), such as top 1 / 2 / 4 / 8 from Set A. The BS may interpret these RS resource indicators as valid for the duration of the associated time instance / interval.

[0257] In the example of FIG. 17, upon receiving the first CSI report, the BS may configure / activate specific TCI states. The BS may transmit a DCI indicating selected TCIs for transmission of downlink signals. The BS may transmit QCL source RSs of the selected TCIs for measuring CSI. Alternatively, the BS may transmit RSs QCL-ed with the selected RSs for measuring CSI. Upon receiving these RSs, the wireless device may compute a second CSI report comprising RI / PMI / LI / CQI. The wireless device may transmit the second CSI report comprising the RI / PMI / LI / CQI. Based on the second CSI report, the BS may transmit downlink signals (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH) via / using the selected TCI states.

[0258] In the example of FIG. 17, the predicted radio link qualities derived from the first CSI report may indicate RSRP values. When beam prediction is confined to spatial domain, without temporal domain consideration, the largest RSRP is quantized into a 7-bit value ranging from [-144, -44] dBm with 1dB step size, while differential RSRP is quantized into a 4-bit value with 2 dB steps. Note that the inference output from the device-side models does not necessarily need to be RSRP dependent on dBm values. When beam prediction encompasses both spatial and time domains, the first CSI report includes quantized RSRP values for future time instances. The largest RSRP value is determined based on predictions across all future time instances and serves as the reference RSRP. Differential RSRPs are calculated relatively to this reference. Additionally, the time instance information of the beam with the largest RSRP is included in the report.

[0259] In the example of FIG. 17, when beam prediction encompasses both spatial and time domains, the duration of a future time instance is determined by the one or more RRC messages, with possible values [10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, 160ms], The number of future time instances, denoted as Nt, is also configured by RRC, with possible values including [1, 2, 4, 8], The reference time for the earliest time instance in predicted results is based on the most recent occurrence of the CSI-RS / SSB resource within Set B. This reference time does not exceed the corresponding CSI reference resource in the related inference report, ensuring it aligns with the measurement timing.

[0260] In the example of FIG. 17, in contrast to the inference (or prediction) stage when only Set B of RSs is transmitted, the BS transmits both Set A and Set B RSs during data collection. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig IE) indicating RSs for data collection purposes without generating a CSI report. The CSI report configuration indicates RSs resources for Set A via a first CSI-ResourceConfigDocket No.25-1050PCTand RSs resources for Set B via a second CSI-ResourceConfig, enabling measurements on both sets. The wireless device may perform measurements on both Set A and Set B. The wireless device may store the measurements without immediate reporting. One associated ID can be configured in the CSI-ReportConfig, when Set B is equal or a subset of Set A (i.e., NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld / SSB-lndex in the resource set for Set B is within the NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld / SSB-lndex in the resource set for Set A). Otherwise, separate associated IDs are configured for Set A and Set B.

[0261] In the example of FIG. 17, for inference operation, such as prediction of radio link qualities of Set A based on measurements of Set B, one associated ID can be configured in the CSI-ReportConfig, when Set B is equal or a subset of Set A (i.e., NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld / SSB-lndex in the resource set for Set B lies within that of Set A). In all other cases, separate associated IDs are configured for Set A and Set B.

[0262] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may assume CSI resources configured with the same associated ID exhibit similar properties. For instance, the spatial Tx beam directions of the same RS of two CSI resources may be oriented towards the same direction.

[0263] In the example of FIG. 17, the one or more RRC messages may indicate a plurality of CSI report configurations (e.g., via CSI-ReportConfig IE) for the inference operation at the device. The inference operation may be referred to as prediction operation. The BS may activate one or more CSI report configurations among the plurality of CSI report configurations. The BS may transmit a DCI comprising a CSI request field indicating a triggering state (e.g., CSI-AperiodicTriggerState IE) associated with one or more CSI report configurations within the plurality of CSI report configurations. How many CSI report configurations can be triggered simultaneously may be up to the capability of the wireless device. Consequently, the wireless device may transmit the predicted radio link qualities using a periodic, aperiodic or semi-persistent CSI report.

[0264] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may utilize CSI processing units (CPUs) for computing one or more CSI reports. For CSI reports that involve an AI / ML inference, e.g., CSI reporting for beam prediction, the wireless device may employ separate CSI processing units, specifically designed as AI-CPUs, GPUs, or TPUs, distinct from those used without AI / ML functions. For an OFDM symbol, the wireless device may determine a first number of occupied CPUs for the OFDM symbol based on the requested CSI reports to be processed by CPU. Concurrently, the wireless device may determine a second number of occupied AI-CPUs / GPUs / TPUs for the OFDM symbol based on requested CSI reports requiring AI / ML inference. Throughout this specification, an AI-CPU / GPU / TPU is determined to be occupied if it cannot be used for processing a CSI report, for instance, currently occupied for processing another CSI report. Otherwise, the AI-CPU / GPU / TPU is unoccupied.

[0265] In the example of FIG. 17, for a requested CSI report, the wireless device may determine the number of occupied CPUs (e.g., O^, where n denotes the nthhighest priority) based on the type of reported quantities. The total number of occupied CPUs (e.g., n=o ^cpy) for the M CSI reports with the highest priorities is calculated as theDocket No.25-1050PCTsummation of occupied CPUs for each requested CSI report. The wireless device may determine a largest M that that occupies equal to or less than NCPU- L CPUs, where NCPU represents total number of CPUs available and L is number of already occupied CPUs. In other words, the wireless device may not update N-M CSI reports given all CPUs are occupied for the OFDM symbol. Similar counting mechanisms / dropping mechanisms may be applicable for CSI reports occupying AI-CPUs / GPUs / TPUs.

[0266] In the example of FIG. 17, the BS has the same CPU counting mechanisms as the wireless device.Consequently, the BS knows number of occupied CPUs (L) for the wireless device in the OFDM symbol. The BS also knows number of unoccupied CPUs NCPU - L) at the wireless device. Based on the synchronized knowledge about the CPU occupancy situation at the wireless device, the BS may schedule the CSI reports properly that do not exceed the processing capacity of the wireless device in the given symbol.

[0267] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of CPU counting as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0268] In the example of FIG. 18, a wireless device receives a first CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig IE) (e.g., LTM-CSI-ReportConfig\E] indicating one or more first RSs and one or more second RSs. Measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs by the wireless device. Additionally, the wireless device receives a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs. Measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs by the wireless device.

[0269] In the example of FIG. 18, the wireless device also receives one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages. The one or more RRC messages comprise a CSI measurement configuration (e.g., CSI-MeasConfig IE). The CSI measurement configuration comprises a plurality of CSI report configurations, which comprise the first and second CSI report configurations described above.

[0270] In the example of FIG. 18, the BS may transmit a downlink control message requesting a set of CSI reports (e.g., N CSI reports) from the wireless device. The wireless device may receive the downlink control message requesting the set of CSI reports. Each of the set of CSI reports may be configured by a respective CSI report configuration of the plurality of CSI report configurations. The wireless device may determine a priority for each CSI report. These CSI reports are sorted based on their determined priorities. For instance, the n-th CSI report has the n-th highest priority among the set of CSI reports, where 0 < n < N. The n-th CSI report is configured by the n-th CSI report configuration.

[0271] In the example of FIG. 18, the wireless device may determine a subset of CSI reports (e.g., M CSI reports) within the set of CSI reports. Instead of updating all N CSI reports, the wireless device only updates the subset, leaving the N-M CSI reports un-updated. That is to say, CSI reports (e.g., M-th, (M+1)-th,...,(A / -1)-th CSI report) that are included in the set of CSI reports and are not included in the subset of CSI reports are not updated. Based on finding the maximum value of M that satisfies the condition, the wireless device determines the subset of CSI reports within a symbol (e.g., symbol n), such as an OFDM symbol. The wireless device may determine the subset of CSI reports withinDocket No.25-1050PCTsymbol n before symbol n (e.g., symbol n-1 ). The wireless device determines the subset of CSI reports based on the number of available (unoccupied) CPUs, denoted as NCPU-L. Here, NCPU represents the total number of supported simultaneous CSI calculations and L is the count of CPUs currently occupied for CSI reports calculation during that symbol.

[0272] In the example of FIG. 18, the wireless device indicates the number of supported simultaneous CSI calculations NCPUusing parameters such as simultaneousCSI-ReportsPerCC or simultaneousCSI-SubReportsPerCC-r18 within a component carrier. For all component carriers combined, the wireless device uses simultaneousCSI-ReportsAIICC or [simultaneousCSI-SubReportsAIICC-r18], If the wireless device is configured with at least one CSI report configuration that includes sub-configurations in a specific component carrier, it uses parameter [simultaneousCSI-SubReportsPerCC-r18] for that component carrier. Otherwise, the wireless device defaults to use simultaneousCSI-ReportsPerCC within the component carrier. Similarly, if the wireless device is configured with at least one CSI reporting configuration with sub-configurations in any component carrier, it uses [simultaneousCSI-SubReportsAIICC-r18] across all component carriers. If no such configuration exists, the wireless device falls back using simultaneousCSI-ReportsAIICC.

[0273] In the example of FIG. 18, processing each of the set of CSI reports (e.g., n-th CSI report) may occupy a number of CPUs (e.g., 0^). The number of CPUs needed for processing the n-th CSI report is determined based on the n-th CSI report configuration.

[0274] In the example of FIG. 18, the n-th CSI report occupies zero CPUs if the n-th CSI report configuration indicates a report quantity field (e.g, reportQuantity) being set to 'none' and CSI-RS-ResourceSet with trs-lnfo configured.

[0275] In the example of FIG. 18, the n-th CSI report occupies one CPU if the n-th CSI report configuration indicates reportQuantity as 'cri-RSRP', 'ssb-lndex-RSRP', 'cri-SINR', 'ssb-lndex-SINR', 'cri-RSRP- Index', 'ssb-lndex-RSRP-Index', 'cri-SINR- Index', 'ssb-lndex-SINR- Index ' or 'none' (with CSI-RS-ResourceSet and trs-lnfo not configured)

[0276] In the example of FIG. 18, processing the n-th CSI report occupies (Y + 1) • X CPUs if the n-th CSI report configuration indicates reportQuantity as 'tdcp'. Here, Y represents number of delays configured by higher layer, and X, which is G {1, 2}, is reported by capability signaling of the wireless device.

[0277] In the example of FIG. 18, the number of CPUs to be occupied to process the n-th CSI report is further determined based on one of the following conditions if the n-th CSI report configuration indicates reportQuantity as 'cri-RI-PMI-CQI', 'cri-RI-11', 'cri-RI-H-CQI', 'cri-RI-CQI', or 'cri-RI-LI-PMI-CQI'.

[0278] In the example of FIG. 18, under a first condition, the number of CPUs occupied to process the n-th CSI report is = NCPU. This occurs when the maximum value among the subcarrier spacing indices PPDCCH, RCSI-RS, piuL is less than or equal to 3. Additionally, the n-th CSI report meets several criteria: it is aperiodically triggered; no PUSCH transmission occurs, whether it carries a transport block, HARQ-ACK, or both, provided that no transportDocket No.25-1050PCTblocks or HARQ-ACK are present (i.e., L = 0 CPUs are occupied); the n-th CSI report corresponds to a single CSI report with wideband frequency-granularity; it involves at most 4 CSI-RS ports within a single resource and does not include a CRI report; the n-th CSI report configuration indicates codebookType being set to 'typel-SinglePanel' or reportQuantity being set to 'cri-RI-CQI'. Notably, PPDCCH, PCSI-RS, UL represent subcarrier spacing indices of PDCCH, CSI-RS and UL respectively.

[0279] In the example of FIG. 18, under a second condition, the number of CPUs occupied to process the n-th CSI report is calculated as 0^ = X • NCRI+ M. This calculation applies when the n-th CSI report configuration indicates reportQuantity as one of the following values: 'cri-RI-PMI-CQI', 'cri-RI-i1', 'cri-RI-H-CQI', 'cri-RI-CQI', or'cri-RI-LI-PMI-CQI'. Additionally, the n-th CSI report configuration includes: a codebookType field being set to 'typel-SinglePanel'; a sharedCMR being set as 'enable'; and the corresponding CSI-RS Resource Set for channel measurement configured with two Resource Groups and N Resource Pairs. Here, X represents the number of CPUs occupied by a pair of channel measurement resources (CMRs), determined according to mTRP-CSI-numCPU-r17. Furthermore: M =+ M2, where and M2are the numbers of resources associated with each CRI value, excluding the NCRI CRIS defined above. M1corresponds to Group 1 and M2corresponds to Group 2. The total number of CRI values configured for the n-th CSI report configuration is therefore M + NCRI.

[0280] In the example of FIG. 18, under a third condition, the number of CPUs occupied to process the n-th CSI report is given by the formular O^= ∑i=1. This applies when the n-th CSI report configuration comprises a list of P CSI report sub-configurations (e.g., csi-ReportSubConfigToAddModList IE) and indicates that the n-th CSI report is for periodic CSI reporting. Here, 7 denotes the total number of CSI-RS resources associated with the 7-th CSI report sub-configuration.

[0281] In the example of FIG. 18, under a fourth condition, the number of CPUs occupied to process the n-th CSI report is O^ = / Ct, where Q indicates the number of sub-configurations used (out of a total of P subconfigurations in the n-th CSI report configuration). This applies when the n-th CSI report configuration indicates that the report is for aperiodic and semi-persistent CSI reporting and comprises a list of P CSI report sub-configurations (e.g., csi-ReportSubConfigToAddModList IE), where Ki represents the total number of CSI-RS resources to each selected CSI report sub-configuration. Here, 1 < Q < P.

[0282] In the example of FIG. 18, under the fifth condition, the number of CPUs occupied to process the n-th CSI report is given by= ceil(X · NTRP). This occurs when the n-th CSI report configuration indicates reportQuantity as 'cri-RI-PMI-CQI', codebookType as either 'typeII-CJT-r18' or 'typeII-CJT-PortSelection-r18'.Additionally, the corresponding NZP-CSi-RS-ResourceSet for channel measurement is configured with 1 < NTRP< 4 resources. The value of X, which belongs to the set {1, 1.5, 2}, is reported by the capability indication of the wireless device.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0283] In the example of FIG. 18, under a sixth condition, the number of CPUs occupied to process the n-th CSI report is = 8 for K = 12, and 0^ = Y4- KtorK < 12. This applies if the n-th CSI report configuration indicates reportQuantity being set as 'cri-RI-PMI-CQI' and codebookType being set as either 'typeII-Doppler-r18' or 'typeII-Doppler-PortSelection-r18'. Additionally, the corresponding CSI-RS Resource Set for channel measurement is aperiodic and configured with K CSI-RS resources. Here, Y1∈ {1, 2, 3} is reported by the capability indication of the wireless device.

[0284] In the example of FIG. 18, under a seventh condition, the number of CPUs occupied to process the n-th CSI report is O^(n) = 4 for N4= 1 and O^(n) = max( Y2· N4, 4) for N4> 1. This occurs when the n-th CSI report configuration indicates reportQuantity as 'cri-RI-PMI-CQI' and codebookType as either 'typeII-Doppler-r18' or 'typeII-Doppler-PortSelection-r18'. Additionally, the corresponding CSI-RS Resource Set for channel measurement is periodic or semi-persistent and configured with one CSI-RS resource. The value of N4is configured by the higher layer parameter N4, and Y2∈ {1, 2, 3} is reported by capability indication of the wireless device.

[0285] In the example of FIG. 18, for all other conditions not specified above, the number of CPUs occupied to process the n-th CSI report is 0^ = Ks, where Ksrepresents the count of CSI-RS resources in the CSI-RS resource set used for channel measurement.

[0286] In the example of FIG. 18, based on the determined CPU occupancy to process each CSI report in the set, the wireless device determines the maximum number (M). This ensures the cumulative CPU usage ∑_{n=0}^{M}0^ does not exceed NCPU- L (e.g., £“=0O^l < NCPU- L ). The wireless device selects the subset of CSI reports as the top M priority CSI reports. Subsequently, the wireless device updates the subset. For example, the wireless device computes the CSI fields for each selected CSI report according to the corresponding CSI report configuration. For the remaining N-M CSI reports in the set, the wireless device leaves the CSI fields blank, e.g., setting them to all zeros or random values.

[0287] In the example of FIG. 18, the wireless device may transmit top priority CSI reports from the set of CSI reports. These transmissions are based on the available payload capacity of PUSCH. The transmitted CSI reports comprise at least the highest-priority CSI report from the subset. The wireless device discards any remaining CSI reports.

[0288] In the example of FIG. 18, the downlink message requesting the set of CSI reports may be a RRC message for periodic CSI reporting or a DCI for aperiodic CSI reporting. The DCI may comprise a CSI request field being set to an aperiodic CSI triggering state (e.g., CSI-AperiodicTriggerState IE) associated with the set of CSI reports.Additionally, the downlink message requesting the set of CSI reports may be a DCI for semi-persistent CSI reporting over PUSCH. In this case, the CSI request field may be set to a trigger state for semi-persistent CSI over PUSCH (e.g., CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerState IE), which is associated with the set of CSI reports. The DCI may be in DCI format 0_1 or 0_2, with CRC scrambled by SP-CSI-RNTI, configured by RRC. Furthermore, the downlink messageDocket No.25-1050PCTrequesting the set of CSI reports may be an MAC CE for semi-persistent CSI over PUCCH (e.g., a SP CSI reporting on PUCCH Activation / Deactivation MAC CE). The MAC CE may activate the set of CSI reports, where each corresponding CSI report configuration indicates a report configuration type (e.g., reportConfigType) of ‘semi PersistentOn PUCC H'.

[0289] In the example of FIG. 18, the wireless device determines the priority (or priority value) for each CSI report in the set based on the formular: Pr i,CS](y, k,c,s) = 2 · Ncells· Ms· y + Ncells· Ms· k + Ms· c + s. The variable in this formular is defined as follows: y indicates the type of CSI report: y = 0 for aperiodic CSI reports carried on PUSCH, y = 1 for semi-persistent CSI reports carried on PUSCH, y = 2 for semi-persistent CSI reports carried on PUCCH, and y = 3 for periodic CSI reports carried on PUCCH. The variable k indicates whether the CSI report carries L1-RSRP or L1 -SI NR: k = 0 if the CSI report carries L1-RSRP or L1-SINR, and k = 1 if the CSI report does not carry L1-RSRP or L1-SINR. c represents the serving cell index. Ncellsis the value of the higher-layer parameter maxNrofServingCells. For CSI report configured with an LTM-CSI-ReportConfig, c is the serving cell index value where the report configuration is defined, s is the reportConfigID of the corresponding CSI report configuration. Msis the value of higher-layer parameter maxNrofCSI-ReportConfigurations. For a CSI report configured with LTM-CSI-ReportConfig, s is the LTM-CSI-ReportConfigID and Msis the value of the higher layer parameter maxNrofLTM-CSI-ReportConfigurations.

[0290] In the example of FIG. 18, a first CSI report has higher priority over a second CSI report if its associated Pri / cs / Cy, k, c, s) value is lower than that of the second report. Two CSI reports are considered to collide if the time occupancy of the physical channels scheduled to carry the CSI reports overlap in at least one OFDM symbol and are transmitted on the same carrier.

[0291] In the example of FIG. 18, when the wireless device is configured to transmit two colliding CSI reports, if their y values differ, the following rules apply, except in the case where one y value is 2 and the other is 3 (for CSI reports transmitted on PUSCH and PUCCH): the CSI report with higher PriiCSI(y, k, c, s) value shall not be sent by the wireless device; otherwise, the two CSI reports are multiplexed or either is dropped based on the priority values.

[0292] In the example of FIG. 18, a CSI report configured with LTM-CSI-ReportConfig has a higher priority over all CSI reports configured with CSI-ReportConfig, irrespective of their PriiCSI(y, k, c, s) values, in case of collision.

[0293] In the example of FIG. 18, the first CSI report has a higher priority than the second CSI report if the first CSI report has a smaller associated priority value (e.g., PriiCSI(y, k, c, s)) than that of the second CSI report. Within a set, the n-th CSI report corresponds to the n-th smallest priority value (e.g., PriiCSI(y, k, c, s)).

[0294] In the example of FIG. 18, among the set of CSI reports, some may require an AI / ML inference function (e.g., the first CSI report and the second CSI report). Other CSI reports may not require an AI / ML inference function. For CSI reports that do not require AI / ML inference, the wireless device processes them as two tasks. The first task is CSI computation, which takes inputs such as per sub-carrier estimated channel, interference and average noise power. The output of this task is various CSI quantities. For example, the CSI computation task outputs L1-RSRPs of the Set B of RSs. The second task is CSI bit sequence generation. This task uses the outputs of the first task as inputs andDocket No.25-1050PCTgenerates the CSI report. For CSI reports that require an AI / ML inference, the wireless device performs an additional task of inference between the CSI computation and CSI bit sequence generation tasks. For example, this inference task takes inputs of L1 -RSRPs of the Set B of RSs and produces outputs like predicted L1 -RSRPs of the Set A of RSs.

[0295] In existing technologies, the wireless device determines a first number of CPUs (e.g.,) for processing the first CSI report and a second number of CPUs (e.g., O^ ) for the second CSI report. As discussed above, these numbers are determined independently, according to multiple conditions, based on the corresponding CSI report configurations.

[0296] However, as illustrated in FIG. 18, there may be a scenario where the one or more first RSs indicated in the first CSI report overlap with the one or more third RSs indicated in the second CSI report. More specifically, for instance, the one or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs may be the same or may share a common set B of RSs (meaning that the common set B of RSs is included in both the one or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs).

[0297] In this scenario, it may be possible for the wireless device to use the same CPUs to process a part of the first CSI report and a part of the second CSI reports. More specifically, for instance, a number of CPUs may be used for generating measured L1-RSRPs for the common Set B of RSs once, and these generated measured L1-RSRPs may be used for processing both the part of the first CSI report and the part of the second CSI reports.

[0298] However, in existing technologies, regardless of whether there is the common Set B of RSs shared between the first CSI report and the second CSI report, the number of CPUs for processing the first CSI report and the number of CPUs for processing the second CSI report are determined independently. For instance, in case the number of CPUs for processing the first CSI report is " A” and the number of CPUs for processing the second CSI report is “B," in existing technologies, the total number of CPUs for processing both the first and second CSI reports is A+B. However, if a part of the first CSI report and a part of the second CSI report can be generated from processing the common Set B of RSs, the number of CPUs for processing the common Set B of RSs doesn't need to be counted twice in determining the total number of CPUs for processing both the first and second CSI reports.

[0299] Because the total number of CPUs for generating the first and second CSI reports impacts how many CSI reports are updated at the wireless device, overcounting the total number of CPUs may result in a reduced number of updated CSI reports, and reduce an overall system output.

[0300] Embodiments of the present disclosure are related to an approach for solving the problems described above. These and other features of the present disclosure are described further below.

[0301] In an example embodiment, a wireless device determines a number of channel state information (CSI) processing units (CPUs) (e.g., ∑M-1n=0O^(n)), based on at least one reference signal (RS) of one or more first RSs being same as at least one RS of one or more second RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more first RSs are for predicting measurements of one or more third RSs, and measurements of the one or more second RSs are forDocket No.25-1050PCTpredicting measurements of one or more fourth RSs, and transmits at least one CSI report. The at least one CSI report is determined based on the number of CPUs. Example embodiments of the present disclosure solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reportsand overall system throughput.

[0302] In an example embodiment, a wireless device receives a first CSI report configuration indicating one or more first RSs and one or more second RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs, and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs Measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs. The wireless device determines for the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration, a number of CSI processing units (CPUs) based on at least one RS of the one or more first RSs being same as at least one RS of the one or more third RSs. Based on the number of CPUs, the wireless device updates a subset of one or more CSI reports among a set of CSI reports and transmits at least one CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports. Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0303] In an example embodiment, a wireless device receives a first channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs. Based on the one or more first RSs being the same as the one or more third RSs, the wireless device receives a downlink message requesting CSI reports associated with either the first CSI report configuration or the second CSI report configuration and not both the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration and transmits the CSI reports. Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0304] In an example embodiment, a wireless device receives a channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs and the one or more first RSs are for a first carrier and the one or more second RSs are from a second carrier. The wireless device determines predicted measurements of the one or more first RSs based on measurements of the one or more second RSs. Based on the predicted measurements of the one or more first RSs, the wireless device transmits a CSI report comprising the predicted measurements. The first carrier may be different from the second carrier.

[0305] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of CPUs determination (method 1900) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0306] In the example of FIG. 19 at step 1902, the BS transmits one or more RRC messages, which comprises a plurality of CSI report configurations. The plurality of CSI report configurations comprises a first CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig1) and a second CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig2). The first CSI report configuration indicates a first CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig 1), which indicates one or more first RSs. Additionally, the first CSI report configuration indicates a second CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig 2), which indicates one or more third RSs. Similarly, the second CSI report configuration indicates a third CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig 3), which indicates one or more second RSs. Additionally, the second CSI report configuration indicates a fourth CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig 4), which indicates one or more fourth RSs. The first and second CSI report configurations may be indicated by an LTM-CSI-ReportConfig IE.

[0307] In the example of FIG. 19 at step 1902, the wireless device receives the one or more RRC messages. Based on the first CSI report configuration, the wireless device may predict measurements of the one or more third RSs based on measurements of the one or more first RSs. Based on the second CSI report configuration, the wireless device may predict measurements of the one or more fourth RSs based on measurements of the one or more second RSs. The prediction of measurements of the one or more third RSs is based on a first model (e.g., an AI / ML model). Similarly, the prediction of measurements of the one or more fourth RSs is based on a second model.

[0308] In the example of FIG. 19 at step 1904, the BS may transmit the one or more first RSs and / or the one or more second RSs. The BS may transmit these RSs aperiodically, semi-persistently, or periodically. The BS may indicate how these RSs are transmitted using a field (e.g., resourceType) in the corresponding CSI-ResourceConfig. The field may be set to a value of ‘aperiodic’, ‘semiPersistent’ or ‘periodic’. The BS may transmit an additional MAC CE (e.g., SP CSI-RS / CSI-IM Resource Set Activation / Deactivation MAC CE) for activating these RSs if the BS indicates that these RSs are to be transmitted semi-persistently via RRC. The BS may transmit an additional DCI indicating these RSs if the BS indicates that these RSs are to be transmitted aperiodically via RRC. The wireless device may receive and measure the one or more first and the one or more third RSs accordingly based on receiving the CSI resource configurations via RRC and additional MAC CE or DCI.

[0309] In the example of FIG. 19 at step 1906, the BS may transmit a downlink message requesting a set of CSI reports. The set of CSI reports may comprise the first and second CSI reports. Each of the set of CSI reports may correspond to a respective CSI report configuration of the plurality of CSI report configurations. For example, the set of CSI report configurations may comprise the first and the second CSI report configurations for the first and second CSI reports. The wireless device may transmit CSI reports periodically, aperiodically, semi-persistently over PUCCH, or semi-persistently over PUSCH corresponding to the CSI report configurations as discussed in the above paragraphs. The transmitted CSI reports are top-priority CSI reports in the set of CSI reports, for instance, not the same as the set or subset of CSI reports. How to determine the priority value for each of the set of CSI reports have been discussed in FIG. 18 in detail. The downlink message may be optional, e.g., not a dedicated message but an RRC message of theDocket No.25-1050PCTone or more RRC messages at step 1902 if the CSI reports are transmitted periodically. The downlink message may be an MAC CE or an DCI depending on the indicated transmission methods of the CSI reports, which have been discussed in FIG. 18.

[0310] In the example of FIG. 19 at step 1908, the wireless device may determine number of occupied CPUs to process each of the set of CSI reports being requested by the BS. The number of occupied CPUs to process the first and second CSI reports is denoted as 0 and 0^, where 0 < nl, n2 < N. Based on at least one RS of one or more first RSs being same as at least one RS of one or more second RSs, the wireless device determines a total number of CPUs (e.g., ∑_(n=0)The total number of occupied CPUs to process the first and second CSI reports is less than the sum of respective occupied CPUs for the first or the second CSI reports if being requested separately, e.g., in different OFDM symbols. Detailed calculations of 0^ and 0^ will be discussed in FIG. 20 below.

[0311] In the example of FIG. 19 at step 1908, the wireless device may determine a subset of CSI reports (M CSI reports) by identifying a largest number of M that the number of cumulated CPUs ∑_(n=0) O^(n)_CPU is not more than number of unoccupied CPUs within the OFDM symbol. Then, the wireless device may update each of the subset of CSI reports, with the remaining CSI reports in the set not updated. Here, details about updating CSI reports have been discussed in FIG. 18.

[0312] In the example of FIG. 19 at step 1910, the wireless device may transmit top-priority CSI reports within the requested CSI reports based on the payload capacity of the uplink channel. The transmitted top-priority CSI reports comprise at least the highest-priority CSI report within the subset of CSI reports. The remaining CSI reports of the set are discarded; they are not transmitted. The transmitted CSI reports comprise both the first and second CSI reports if their priorities fall within the priority range of the transmitted CSI reports.

[0313] In the example of FIG. 19, even though it is not explicitly illustrated, the BS may determine the number of occupied CPUs to process each of the set of CSI reports before transmitting the downlink message at step 1906. The BS may then determine to schedule the wireless device on an uplink channel with sufficient capacity to support the entire set of CSI reports. Furthermore, the BS may also determine which set of CSI reports to use, based on the number of unoccupied CPUs (e.g., NCPU-L) available at the wireless device. Lastly, the BS ensures that the wireless device is required to update and transmit all of the requested set of CSI reports (e.g., M=N}.

[0314] Example embodiments may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0315] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of CPU determination as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0316] In the example of FIG. 20, the wireless device determines the number of occupied CPUs required to process the first and second CSI reports using several rules. Each rule may depend on several conditions. The wireless device first determines O'^ and O'^ needed to process either the first or the second CSI report individually withoutDocket No.25-1050PCTprocessing both in the same symbol, based on the methods detailed in FIG. 18. Subsequently, the wireless device determines 0^ and 0^ to process both the first and second CSI reports jointly, for example, within the same symbol, using one of the rules and considering the determined numbers for independent occupying.

[0317] In the example of FIG. 20, the wireless device applies a first rule (method / approach / way) (e.g., Rule 1) under specific conditions below to determine the number of occupied CPUs to process both the first (nl-th) and second (n2-th) CSI reports. For the first CSI report, the number of occupied CPUs is set to zero, e.g., 0^ = 0. For the second CSI report, the number of occupied CPUs is determined as 0^ =The application of this first rule hinges on three main conditions. First condition: the one or more first RSs are the same as (overlap with) the one or more second RSs. Second condition: the report quantity of the first CSI report matches that of the second CSI report. This equality ensures consistency before applying the rule. Third condition: the priority value of the first CSI report is lower than that of the second CSI report, such as when nl > n2. Note that this condition can also function in reverse; if nl < n2, similar behavior may occur at the wireless device, potentially affecting how both CSI reports are updated. The definitions are discussed in FIGs.21-22B, which offer a comprehensive explanation of RSs and report quantity alignment.

[0318] In the example of FIG. 20, the wireless device applies a second rule (e.g., Rule 2) under specific conditions to determine the number of occupied CPUs to process both the first (nl-th) and second (n2-th) CSI reports. For the first CSI report, the number of occupied CPUs is calculated as = ⌈a · O'^⌉, where a is a floating point numberbetween zero and one, and [X] is ceiling operation which gives the minimum integer that is greater than or equal to the floating point number of Y. This calculation ensures an appropriate allocation of resources based on the estimated CPU requirement for the first report. For the second CSI report, the number of occupied CPUs is determined as, e.g., O^(n2)_CPU = O'^(n2)_CPU -application of this second rule relies on three main conditions. First condition: the one or more first RSs and the one or more second RSs exhibit a partial overlap That means that at least one RS of the one or more first RSs is present in the one or more second RSs, and vice versa. In other words, there should be some RSs common to both the one or more first and second RSs but also some RSs unique to each. The a value may be determined by how much the one or more first and second RSs overlap, e.g., percentage of common RSs in the first one or more RSs. Second condition: the report quantity of the first CSI report matches that of the second CSI report. Third condition: the priority value of the first CSI report is lower than that of the second CSI report, such as when nl > n2. Note that this condition can also function in reverse; if nl < n2, similar behavior may occur at the wireless device, potentially affecting how both CSI reports are updated. The conditions and their implications are further explored in FIGs. 21 -22B, which provide a detailed explanation of RS partial overlaps.

[0319] In the example of FIG. 20, the wireless device applies a third rule (e.g., Rule 3) under specific conditions to determine the number of occupied CPUs to process both the first (nl-th) and second (n2-th) CSI reports. For the firstDocket No.25-1050PCTCSI report, the number of occupied CPUs is calculated as 0^ = ⌈a · O'^⌉, where a is a floating-point number between zero and one. Note that the scaling factor a may be determined different from that of the second rule. This calculation ensures an appropriate allocation of resources based on the estimated CPU requirement for the first report. For the second CSI report, the number of occupied CPUs is determined as, e.g., 0^ = 0'^. The application of this third rule relies on three main conditions. First condition: the one or more first RSs and the one or more second RSs are the same. Second condition: the report quantity of the first CSI report does not match that of the second CSI report. Third condition: the priority value of the first CSI report is lower than that of the second CSI report, such as when nl > n2. Note that this condition can also function in reverse; if nl < n2, similar behavior may occur at the wireless device, potentially affecting how both CSI reports are updated.

[0320] In the example of FIG. 20, the wireless device applies a fourth rule (e.g., Rule 4) under specific conditions to determine the number of occupied CPUs to process both the first (nl-th) and second (n2-th) CSI reports. For the first CSI report, the number of occupied CPUs is calculated as O^ = ⌈al · where al is a floating-point numberbetween 0.5 and one. This calculation ensures an appropriate allocation of resources based on the estimated CPU requirement for the first report. For the second CSI report, the number of occupied CPUs is calculated as= ⌈a2 · O'^(n2)⌉, where a2 is a floating-point number between 0.5 and one. This calculation ensures an appropriateallocation of resources based on the estimated CPU requirement for the second report. The application of this fourth rule relies on three main conditions. First condition: the one or more first RSs and the one or more second RSs exhibit a partial overlap. The al and a2 values may be determined by how much the and one or more first and second RSs overlap, e.g., percentage of common RSs in the one or more first or second RSs Second condition: the report quantity of the first CSI report does not match that of the second CSI report. Third condition: the priority value of the first CSI report is lower than that of the second CSI report, such as when nl > n2. Note that this condition can also function in reverse; if nl < n2, similar behavior may occur at the wireless device, potentially affecting how both CSI reports are updated.

[0321] Example embodiments may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0322] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of CSI report configuration as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0323] In the example of FIG. 21, the first and second CSI report configurations of FIGs. 19-20 may be CSI-ReportConfig IEs. The first, second, third and fourth CSI resource configurations of FIG. 19-20 may be CSI-ResourceConfig IEs. Depending on the release of the 3GPP NR specification, the CSI-ResourceConfig IE may comprise different fields. A CSI-ReportConfig IE of release 15 may indicate a reportQuantity field being set to one of: "none”, “cri-RI-PMI-CQI”, “cri-RI-H”, ”cri-RI-i1 -CQI”, "cri-RI-CQI”, “cri-RSRP”, ”ssb- Index- RS RP”, and “cri-RI-LI-PMI-Docket No.25-1050PCTCQI”. A CSI-ReportConfig IE of release 16 may additionally indicate a reportQuantity-r16 field being set to one of: “cri-SINR-r16” and “ssb-lndex-SINR-r16”. Additionally, a CSI-ReportConfig IE of release 17 may indicate a reportQuantity-r17 field, being set to one of: “cri-RS RP-lndex-r17”, “ssb-l ndex-RS RP-I ndex-r17”, "cri-S I NR-I ndex-r17” and “ssb-lndex-S I NR-lndex-r17”. Furthermore, a CSI-ReportConfig IE of release 18 may indicate a reportQuantity-r18 field being set to “TDCP-r18". The first and second CSI report configurations may indicate any one of the report quantities indicated by these report quantity fields.

[0324] In the example of FIG. 21, the report quantity of the first CSI report matches that of the second CSI report if the first CSI report configuration indicates the same report quantity field being set to the same value as that of the second CSI report configuration. Otherwise, the report quantity of the first CSI report does not match that of the second CSI report. This applies to FIG. 20 when determining whether the report quantity of the first CSI report matches that of the second CSI report.

[0325] In the example of FIG. 21, the first CSI report configuration indicates the first CSI resource configuration using the resourcesForChannelMeasurement field and the second CSI resource configuration using the resourcesForPrediction field. Similarly, the second CSI report configuration indicates the third CSI resource configuration using the resourcesForChannelMeasurement field and the fourth CSI resource configuration using the resourcesForPrediction field. The first, second, third, and fourth CSI resource configurations indicate the one or more first, third, second, fourth RSs using CSI-ResourceConfig IEs respectively. Details about determining whether the one or more first RSs overlap or partially overlap with the one or more third RSs will be discussed further in FIGs 22A-22B. The CSI resources indicated by resourcesForPrediction may be used for indicating resources for predicted measurements, not transmission.

[0326] FIG. 22A illustrates an example of CSI resource configuration as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0327] In the example of FIG. 22A, each CSI resource configuration indicates a respective CSI resource configuration ID via the csi-ResourceConfigld field. The one or more first RSs overlap with the one or more second RSs if the resourcesForChannelMeasurement of the first CSI resource configuration matches the same ID as that of the third CSI resource configuration.

[0328] In the example of FIG. 22A, if the resourcesForChannelMeasurement of the first CSI resource configuration indicates a different CSI resource configuration ID than that of the third CSI resource configuration, determining RSs overlapping needs additional conditions to be considered.

[0329] In the example of FIG. 22A, each of the CSI resource configurations indicates respective one or more CSI RS resource sets. For instance, a CSI resource configuration may indicate NZP-CSI-RS resource sets via the nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceSetl st field or SSB resource sets via the csi-SSB-ResourceSetList field. A CSI resource configuration may indicate either NZP-CSI-RS resource sets or SSB resource sets. When considering overlapping between RSs, if the first CSI resource configuration indicates the same type of RS resource sets as that of the third CSI resourceDocket No.25-1050PCTconfiguration, then there is potential for the one or more first RSs to overlap or partially overlap with the one or more second RSs. If not, the one or more first RSs are non-overlapped with the one or more second RSs.

[0330] In the example of FIG. 22A, additionally, each CSI resource configuration may optionally indicate an associated ID (e.g., associated / d field), which has been discussed in FIG. 17. The one or more first RSs match the one or more second RSs if the first CSI resource configuration indicates different CSI resource ID, the same associatedld and same type of RS resource sets as that of the third CSI resource configuration.

[0331] In the example of FIG. 22A, if the first and third CSI resource configurations do not indicate the associated ID, indicate different CSI-Resourcelds and the same type of RS resource sets, whether the one or more first RSs overlap with the one or more second RSs depends on configurations of RS resource sets. The first CSI resource configuration indicates one or more first CSI resource sets (e.g., via CSI-SSB-ResourceSet IE). The second CSI resource configuration indicates one or more second CSI resource sets (e.g., via NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet IE). Similarly, the third CSI resource configuration indicates one or more third CSI resource sets (e.g., via CSI-SSB-ResourceSet IE). The fourth CSI resource configuration indicates one or more fourth CSI resource sets (e.g., via NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet IE).

[0332] In the example of FIG. 22A, each of the first and third CSI resource sets indicates a CSI-SSB-ResourceSetld. The one or more first RSs overlaps with the one or more second RSs if every first CSI resource set indicates the same CSI-SSB-ResourceSetld as every second CSI resource set. The one or more first RSs partially overlap with the one or more second RSs if at least one CSI resource set of the first CSI resource sets is present in the third CSI resource sets, and vice versa, meaning, there should be common CSI resource sets among both the first and third CSI resource sets without complete duplication.

[0333] FIG. 22B illustrates an example of CSI-SSB resource set configuration as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0334] In the example of FIG. 22B, determining RS overlap depends on whether the first and third CSI resource configurations indicate different CSI-ResourceConfigld and each of the first CSI resource sets indicate a unique SSB index (e.g., SSB-lndex IE) compared to the third CSI resource sets. Each of the first CSI resource sets indicates one or more SSB indices for the one or more first RSs. Each of the third CSI resource sets indicate one or more SSB indices for the one or more second RSs. Overlap occurs if all SSB indices indicated by the first CSI resource sets match those of the third CSI resource sets. Partially overlap happens if at least one SSB index indicated by the first CSI resource sets is present in the third CSI resource sets, and vice versa, implying common SSB indices without complete duplication.

[0335] Example embodiments of FIGs. 21-22B may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0336] FIG. 23A illustrates an example of CSI report priorities as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0337] In the example of FIG. 23A, 0^ and 0^ are occupied CPUs to process the first and second CSI reports, as discussed in FIG. 19. The first and second CSI reports have the nl-th and n2-th top priority in the set of CSI reports. In this example, the set of CSI reports comprises two additional CSI reports (e.g., n3-th and n4-th). Priorities of these CSI reports are determined based on their specific CSI report configurations, using the Priics7(y, k, c, s') function discussed in FIG. 18, except for the definition of k. The variable k indicates whether the CSI report carries L1-RSRP or L1-SINR: k = 0 for a first CSI report that carries L1-RSRP or L1-SINR, k = 1 for CSI reports that does not carry L1-RSRP or L1-SINR, k = 2 for non-first CSI reports that carries L1-RSRP or L1-SINR. Among CSI reports that carry L1-RSRP or L1-SINR, the one with the smallest CSI-ReportConfigld indicated by the corresponding CSI report configuration is considered the first. Alternatively, the CSI report with the smallest ID (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfigld IE) for resourcesForPrediction indicated by the corresponding CSI report configuration is considered the first.

[0338] In the example of FIG. 23A, the four CSI reports may have priority order as n3 > nl > n4 > n2 based on the calculations above. The wireless device may determine the size of the subset of CSI reports as M = 2 that c u + CPU< NCPU ~ L and 0^ + 0^ + 0^ > NCPU- L. As a result, the wireless device only updates the n3-th and nl-th CSI reports, which comprise the first CSI report, but does not update the second CSI report.

[0339] FIG. 23B illustrates an example of CSI report priorities as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0340] In the example of FIG. 23B, the number of CPUs to process the CSI reports are the same as that of FIG.23A. Additionally, for CSI reports requiring AI / ML inference, the wireless device has a separate pool of CPUs (e.g., AI-CPUs) Similarly, as CPUs, the wireless device indicates the maximum number of AI-CPUs that it can use to process CSI reports simultaneously through capability signaling as NAI-CPUand number of occupied AI-CPUs for the OFDM symbol is denoted as L'. The priorities for the four CSI reports (nl-th, n2-th, n3-th, and n4-th) are determined in the same way as in FIG.23A. Number of occupied AI-CPUs are determined as 0 for the CSI reports that do not require AI / ML inference, e.g., n3-th. For the rest CSI reports that require AI / ML inference, number of occupied AI-CPUs (e.g., OAI-CPU! Processeach CSI report is determined based on the specific CSI report configurations. Other than the report quantity-based rules discussed in FIG. 18, other factors such as AI / ML model size (e.g., number of parameters per model, number of bits per parameter, number of layers per model, model type) may also impact on the calculation oUflOUA(nJ-)CPU'

[0341] In the example of FIG. 23B, the wireless device may determine the size of the subset of CSI reports based on the availability of both unoccupied CPUs and AI-CPUs. For instance, the size of the subset may be determined as the largest number M = 2 as that both 0^ + 0^ < NCPU- L and OA^CPU+ OA^CPU< NAI-CPU- L' hold. Note that when M= 2, + 0^ > NCPU- L but O^cpu+ O^cpu+ O^cpu< NA1-CPU-Docket No.25-1050PCTL', which means that the wireless device runs out of CPUs before AI-CPUs. An opposite case is that the wireless device runs out of AI-CPUs before CPUs. Either way, the wireless device only updates the subset of CSI reports that does not exceed its processing capacity of both CPUs and AI-CPUs.

[0342] Example embodiments in FIG. 23A, 23B may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0343] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of CPU and AI-CPU occupations as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0344] In the example of FIG. 24, the set of CSI reports (e.g., nl-th, n2-th, n3-th, and n4-th) along with their priorities align with those discussed in FIG. 23A and 23B. For each n-th CSI report (e.g., n G {nl, n2, n3, n4}), the wireless device determines the specific number of CPUs (0^ ) required to process it spanning from a n-th start symbol (denoted as X^l) to an n-th end symbol (denoted as Y^). Similarly, for the n-th CSI report that necessitates AI / ML inference, the wireless device determines the number of AI-CPUs occupied to process as spanning from a n-th start symbol (denoted as X^_cpu) to an n-th end symbol (denoted as Y^2CPU). Notably, the processing of the n3-th CSI report does not involve AI-CPUs. In this example, the n-th start symbol and end symbol for CPUs are t and t + 5. And the n-th start symbol and end symbol for AI-CPUs are t + 2 and t + 3.

[0345] In the example of FIG. 24, the n-th start symbol for AI-CPUs occurs after the n-th start symbol for CPUs (e.g.,XAI-CPU>^cpu'iar|d n-th end symbol for AI-CPUs occurs not after the n-th end symbol for CPUs (e.g.,YM-CPU - ^CPU^ 'nthis example, the CPUs required for the n-th CSI report, which requires AI-ML inference, are not occupied (released) fora second number of OFDM symbols within the number of OFDM symbols between X^ and ypy. Note that for CSI reports that do not require AI / ML inference, such as the n2-th CSI report, the CPUs are always occupied. The second number of OFDM symbols spans from a n-th start symbol (e.g., X^cpu) to an n-th end symbol (e.g., ynocP( / ). The start symbol when the n-th CSI report releases its occupied CPUs occurs later than the n-th start symbol when the same CPUs are first occupied by the n-th CSI report, e.g., X^cpu> X^. Similarly, the end symbol when the n-th CSI report finishes releasing its occupied CPUs starts no later than the n-th end symbol when those CPUs are last occupied by the n-th CSI report, e.g., Y^cpu< Y^.

[0346] In the example of FIG. 24, the OFDM symbols when AI-CPUs are occupied may be the same as those OFDM symbols when CPUs are released or overlap at for at least one symbol. This may be denoted as X^cpu< X^_cpu, and noCPU — ^AI-CPU' For example, XpuG {XCPU, XCPU- l}and ^noCPU^AI-CPU + 11. The overlapped symbol allows some transition time for the wireless device to switch from CPU to AI-CPU forDocket No.25-1050PCTprocessing the same CSI report, and vice versa. Although the example in FIG.24 assumes that the CPUs are released when AI-CPUs are occupied, the calculation of CPUs may be simplified, e.g, always occupied during symbols X^ and Y^pl. The wireless device may determine the size of the subset as a largest number M = 2 as that both 0^ + ^CPU< NCPU ~ Ltar|d + OM-IPU<HAI-CPU ~ V holds for each of the OFDM symbols during X^ and Y^pl. Note that the number of unoccupied CPUs and AI-CPUs may be different during the time (denoted as Ltand L'trespectively). Additionally, number of occupied CPUs for the n-th CSI report may be different for the first time duration (between X^ and X^cpu) and second time duration (between Y^cpuand Y^Pl). For example, the number of occupied CPUs for the first and second CSI reports for the first time duration may be determined based on what is described in FIGs. 19-20, while legacy rules in FIG. 18 applies for the second time duration.

[0347] Example embodiments in FIG. 24 may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput

[0348] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of CPU and AI-CPU occupancy as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0349] In the example of FIG. 25, the set of CSI reports (e.g., nl-th, n2-th, n3-th, and n4-th) along with their priorities align with those discussed in FIG. 23B. For each n-th CSI report (e.g., n G {nl,n2,n3,n4}), the wireless device determines the specific number of CPUs and AI-CPUs (0^ and O^cpu) required to process it. The wireless device may indicate capability signaling that it is able to process a CSI report without requiring AI / ML inference using AI-CPUs. For processing the n-th CSI report that does not require AI / ML inference, the wireless device determines that it either occupies 0^ CPUs or O^_cpu offAI-CPUs. The wireless device may first determine a tentative size of the subset, same as in FIG.23B, as the largest number M = 2 as that both 0^ + 0^ < NCPU- L and OAI-CPU + AI-^CPU<^AI-CPU ~ L' hold. Then the wireless device may try increasing the size of the subset to M' from M by finding an largest number that Xn=~o1(.°M-cpu') + ^^(PAI-CPU off)< NAI-CPU ~ holds, where °Ai-cpuoff represents numberof occupied AI-CPUs for offloading processing of the n-th CSI report from CPUs. The wireless device then updates the subset of CSI reports with size M'. The BS may indicate for the n-th CSI report in the specific CSI report configuration that the wireless is allowed to offload the required CPUs to AI-CPUs.

[0350] Example embodiments in FIG. 25 may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0351] FIG. 26 illustrates an example of CPUs determination (method 2600) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0352] In the example of FIG. 26 at step 2602, the BS and the wireless device follows the same procedures as discussed in FIG. 19 at step 1902.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0353] In the example of FIG. 26 at step 2604, the BS and the wireless device follows the same procedures as discussed in FIG. 26 at step 2602.

[0354] In the example of FIG. 26 at step 2606, the BS transmits a downlink message requesting a set of CSI reports that comprises either the first or the second CSI report, but not both, based on the one or more first RSs being overlap (same) or partially overlap with the one or more second RSs. The conditions to determine whether the one or more first RSs overlap or partially overlap with the one or more second RSs have been discussed in FIGs. 21-22B.

[0355] In the example of FIG. 26 at step 2610, the wireless device transmits the top-priority CSI reports. The BS receives the top-priority CSI reports.

[0356] Example embodiments in FIG. 26 may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0357] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of CSI prediction (method 2700) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0358] In existing technologies, the wireless device reports measurements of one carrier. For CSI predictions, e.g., beam predictions, the wireless device receives RSs from one carrier and by default it predicts measurements of the same carrier. To perform CSI predictions of multi-carriers, the BS needs to transmit RSs for each of the multi-carriers. The wireless device also needs to measure RSs from multi-carriers and predict CSI for each of the multi-carriers using specific measurements of the carrier. The implementation of existing technologies may increase power consumptions at both the BS and the wireless device and underutilize the frequence domain channel correlation among carriers of the same band. The transmission characteristics of wireless channels among carriers of the same band are influenced by shared environmental factors, such as interference or signal strength variations, thus demonstrate frequency domain channel correlation.

[0359] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2702, the BS transmits one or more RRC messages, which comprise a CSI report configuration (e.g., via CSI-ReportConfig IE). The CSI report configuration indicates a first CSI resource using the resourcesForChannelMeasurement field. The first CSI resource may be configured using a CSI-ResourceConfig IE for channel measurements and indicate one or more first RSs. The CSI report configuration indicates a second CSI resource using a second field, e.g., resourcesForPrediction The second CSI resource is used for prediction purposes and may not be transmitted for the wireless device to perform inference. The second CSI resource may also be configured using a CSI-ResourceConfig IE and indicates one or more second RSs. The CSI-ReportConfig IE is illustrated in FIG. 21.

[0360] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2702, CSI report configuration may indicate a serving cell index for the first CSI resource using a carrierfield (e.g., a ServingCelllndex IE). The one or more first RSs are then transmitted via the serving cell indicated by the serving cell index. The CSI report configuration may indicate a second serving cell index for the second CSI resource using a second field (e.g., predictionCarrier via a ServingCelllndex IE). The one or more second RSs are for the second serving cell indicated by the second serving cell index. Upon receiving the one or moreDocket No.25-1050PCTRRC messages, the wireless device may apply a corresponding AI / ML model, for example, a modeling being able to perform cross carrier predictions.

[0361] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2704, the BS may transmit the one or more first RSs from the first serving cell. The wireless device may receive the one or more first RSs from the first serving cell.

[0362] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2706, the BS may optionally transmit a downlink message requesting a CSI report for the CSI report configuration. The details of the downlink message have been discussed in detail in FIG. 19 at step 1906. The wireless device may predict measurements of the one or more second RSs of the second serving carrier based on measurements of the one or more first RSs of the first serving carrier using the model. The first and second carrier may be intra-band, inter-band, or within a maximum frequency distance, same FR.

[0363] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2708, the wireless device may transmit a CSI report comprising predicted measurements of the one or more second RSs.

[0364] Example embodiments in FIG. 27 may solve the problem of increased power consumptions at both the BS and the wireless device, and underutilization of the frequency domain channel correlation among carriers of the same band.

[0365] FIG. 28 illustrates an example of capabilities report (method 2800) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0366] In the example of FIG. 28 at step 2802, a BS may transmit capability / assistance information request to determine whether a wireless device supports overlapped CSI resources for measurements and separate CSI resources for predictions related to a first and a second CSI reports. The first and second CSI reports are discussed in detail in FIGs. 19-25.

[0367] In the example of FIG. 28 at step 2804, the wireless device may transmit capability / assistance information indicating support of overlapped CSI resources for measurements and separate CSI resources for predictions related to the first and second CSI reports. The capability / assistant information may indicate a maximum number of CSI reports that share overlapped CSI resources for measurements related to different CSI resources for predicted measurements. The capability / assistant information may indicate a maximum number of RSs in the shared (overlapped) CSI resources for measurements related to different CSI resources for predicted measurements. The capability / assistant information may indicate a maximum number of RSs in the shared CSI resource for measurements, wherein the measurements are for prediction of measurements of different CSI resources. The capability / assistant information may indicate a maximum total number of RSs from the different CSI resources for measurements prediction that share a common CSI resource for measurements.

[0368] In the example of FIG. 28 at step 2806, the wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages comprising a first CSI report configuration indicating one or more first RSs and one or more second RSs, where measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs, and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs, where measurementsDocket No.25-1050PCTof the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs. The one or more first RSs and one or more third RSs overlap or partially overlap as discussed in detail in FIG.21-22B.

[0369] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG.28 at step 2804, the wireless device may transmit capability / assistance information indicating no support of overlapped CSI resources for measurements and separate CSI resources for predictions related to the first and second CSI reports. Based on receiving the capability / assistance information indicating no support, the BS may not transmit a downlink message requesting both the first and second CSI reports. The BS may still transmit a downlink message requesting either the first or the second CSI report. These have been discussed in detail in FIG.26. The example embodiment in FIG. 26 may not be dependent on the capability / assistance information of the wireless device.

[0370] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG.28 at step 2802, the capability / assistance information request may request to determine whether the wireless device supports offloading a CSI processing task to process a CSI report requiring no AI / ML inference to AI-CPUs. The AI-CPU offloading mechanism is discussed in detail in FIGs. 23A-25. The wireless device may also indicate the number of supported simultaneous CSI calculations requiring AI-CPUs as NAI-CPUusing parameters such as simultaneousAICSI-ReportsPerCC or simultaneousAICSI-SubReportsPerCC-r18 within a component carrier. For all component carriers combined, the wireless device uses simultaneousAICSI-ReportsA / / CC or [simultaneousAICSI-SubReportsAIICC-r18]. If the wireless device is configured with at least one CSI report configuration that requires AI / ML inference and includes sub-configurations in a specific component carrier, it uses parameter [simultaneousAICSI-SubReportsPerCC-r'18] for that component carrier. Otherwise, the wireless device defaults to use simultaneousAICSI-ReportsPerCC within the component carrier. Similarly, if the wireless device is configured with at least one CSI reporting configuration that requires AI / ML inference and with sub-configurations in any component carrier, it uses [simultaneousAICSI-SubReportsAIICC-r18] across all component carriers. If no such configuration exists, the wireless device falls back using simultaneousAICSI-ReportsAIICC.

[0371] Example embodiments in FIG. 28 may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0372] FIG. 29 illustrates an example of method 2900 as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Method 2900 may be performed by a wireless device of FIG. 19, FIG. 20, FIG.21, FIG. 22A, FIG.22B, FIG.23A, FIG.23B, FIG. 24, FIG.25, FIG. 26, FIG. 27, and FIG.28.

[0373] In the example of FIG. 29 at step 2902, the wireless device receives a first channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs, where measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs, and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs, where measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0374] In the example of FIG. 29 at step 2904, the wireless device determines for the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration, a number of CSI processing units (CPUs) based on at least one RS of the one or more first RSs being same as at least one RS of the one or more third RSs.

[0375] In the example of FIG. 29 at step 2906, based on the number of CPUs, the wireless device updates a subset of one or more CSI reports among a set of CSI reports.

[0376] In the example of FIG. 29 at step 2908, the wireless device transmits at least one CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports.

[0377] FIG. 30 illustrates an example of method 3000 as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Method 2900 may be performed by a BS of FIG. 19, FIG. 20, FIG. 21, FIG. 22A, FIG.22B, FIG. 23A, FIG. 23B, FIG.24, FIG. 25, FIG. 26, FIG.27, and FIG.28.

[0378] In the example of FIG. 30 at step 3002, the BS transmits a first channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs, where measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs, and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs, where measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs.

[0379] In the example of FIG. 30 at step 3004, the BS determines for the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration, a number of CSI processing units (CPUs) based on at least one RS of the one or more first RSs being same as at least one RS of the one or more third RSs.

[0380] In the example of FIG. 30 at step 3006, based on the number of CPUs, the BS determines a subset of one or more CSI reports among a set of CSI reports updated by the wireless device.

[0381] In the example of FIG. 30 at step 3008, the BS receives at least one CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports.

[0382] Example embodiments in FIGs. 29-30 may solve the problem of over-counted CPU usage when CSI reports share RSs for measurements, which may reduce the number of updated CSI reports and overall system throughput.

[0383] Based on one or more example embodiments of FIGS. 19-30, a method may be provided. The method comprises the wireless device receiving a first channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs, where measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs, and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs, where measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs. The method comprises determining, for the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration, a number of CSI processing units (CPUs) based on at least one RS of the one or more first RSs being same as at least one RS of the one or more third RSs. The method comprises transmitting at least one CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0384] Additional aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided below. It should be understood that these aspects may be combined, or substituted for, any of the embodiments in the present disclosure, including those illustrated in FIGS. 19-30.

[0385] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving, by a wireless device, a first channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs, and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs, determining, for the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration, a number of CSI processing units (CPUs) based on at least one RS of the one or more first RSs being same as at least one RS of the one or more third RSs, based on the number of CPUs, updating a subset of one or more CSI reports among a set of CSI reports, and transmitting at least one CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports.

[0386] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining, by a wireless device, a number of channel state information (CSI) processing units (CPUs) (e.g., ^=o °CPUI based on at least one reference signal (RS) of one or more first RSs being same as at least one RS of one or more second RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more first RSs are for predicting measurements of one or more third RSs, and measurements of the one or more second RSs are for predicting measurements of one or more fourth RSs, and transmitting at least one CSI report, wherein the at least one CSI report is determined based on the number of CPUs.

[0387] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises updating, based on the number of CPUs, a subset of CSI reports (e.g., M CSI reports) among a set of CSI reports (e.g., N CSI reports), wherein the transmitted at least one CSI report is included in the subset of CSI reports.

[0388] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving a plurality of CSI report configurations, wherein the plurality of CSI report configurations comprises a first CSI report configuration indicating the one or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs, and a second CSI report configuration indicating the one or more second RSs and the one or more fourth RSs.

[0389] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving a downlink control message requesting the set of CSI reports (e.g., N CSI reports).

[0390] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises a first CSI report, configured by the first CSI report configuration, indicates the predicted measurements of the one or more third RSs, that are predicted based on the measurements of the one or more first RSs, and a second CSI report, configured by the second CSI report configuration, indicates the predicted measurements of the one or more fourth RSs, that are predicted based on the measurements of the one or more second RSs.

[0391] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the transmitted at least one CSI report comprises the first CSI report and / or the second CSI report.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0392] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the determined number of CPUs (e.g.,Jo1's a number°f CPUs that are occupied for (e.g., that are needed for generating) the subset of CSI reports.

[0393] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the determined number of CPUs (e.g., n =o O^pl) is a number of CPUs that are occupied, for the subset of CSI reports, during an OFDM symbol.

[0394] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the determined number of CPUs is determined based on Sn^o1OCPIP ^CPU 'S a number of CPUs occupied for an n-th CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports, and M is a total number of CSI reports included in the subset.

[0395] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the n-th CSI report has an n-th highest priority among the subset of CSI reports.

[0396] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the number of CPUs is determined by finding a maximum value of M that satisfies a condition of< NThwhere NTflis a threshold value.

[0397] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises CSI reports (e.g., M-th, (M+1 )-th,...,(N-1)-th CSI report) that are included in the set of CSI reports and that are not included in the subset of CSI reports are not updated, based on finding the maximum value of M that satisfies the condition, and N is the number of CSI reports included in the set of CSI reports.

[0398] According to an example embodiment, the method comprisesis a number of CPUs occupied for the first CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports, where the first CSI report is an nl-th CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports, andis a number of CPUs occupied for the second CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports, wherein the second CSI report is an n2-th CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports.

[0399] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the first CSI report has an nl-th highest priority among the subset of CSI reports, and the second CSI report has an n2-th highest priority among the subset of CSI reports.

[0400] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises eitheror is zero (e.g., is set to zero) based on the one or more first RSs being the same as the one or more second RSs, and the first CSI report and the second CSI report indicate the same report quantities.

[0401] According to an example embodiment, the method comprisesis zero based on the first CSI report having a lower priority than the second CSI report (e.g., nl > n2).

[0402] According to an example embodiment, the method comprisesis zero based on the second CSI report having a lower priority than the first CSI report (e.g., n2 > nl).

[0403] According to an example embodiment, the method comprisesis zero based on the first CSI report having a higher priority than the second CSI report (e.g., nl < n2).Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0404] According to an example embodiment, the method comprisesis zero based on the second CSI report having a higher priority than the first CSI report (e.g., n2 < nl).

[0405] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises either O_CPU^(n1) or O_CPU^(n2) is obtained based on a reduction by a scaling factor, and the reduction is based on the one or more first RSs being the same as the one or more third RSs, and the first CSI report and the second CSI report indicate different report quantities.

[0406] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises eitheror is obtained based on a reduction by a scaling factor, and the reduction is based on the one or more first RSs comprising at least one RS that is not included in the one or more third RSs and at least one RS that is included in the one or more third RSs, and the first CSI report and second CSI report indicate the same report quantities.

[0407] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises 0^ is obtained based on the reduction by the scaling factor (e.g., x ])■ based on the first CSI report having a lower priority than the secondCSI report (e.g., nl > n2).

[0408] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises 0^ is obtained based on the reduction by the scaling factor (e.g., 0^ = ^pu x j), based on the second CSI report having a lower priority than the firstCSI report (e.g., n2 > nl).

[0409] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises 0^ is obtained based on the reduction by the scaling factor (e.g., = ^PUX^CPU ])■ based on the first CSI report having a higher priority than the secondCSI report (e.g., nl < n2).

[0410] According to an example embodiment, the method comprisesis obtained based on the reduction by the scaling factor (e.g., x j), based on the second CSI report having a higher priority than the firstCSI report (e.g., n2 < nl).

[0411] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises O_CPU^(n1) = [α_CPU^(n1) × O'_CPU^(n1)], O'_CPU^(n1) is anumber of CPUs occupied for the first CSI report when none of the one or more first RSs is same as any RS for the set of CSI reports (e.g., any RS of which measurement(s) is indicated by any CSI report included in the set of CSI reports), is the scaling factor, that is a real number between 0 and 1, and [a] is a ceiling operation that computes a minimum integer larger than the floating-point number a.

[0412] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises O_CPU^(n2) = [α_CPU^(n2) × O'_CPU^(n2)], O'_CPU^(n2) is anumber of CPUs occupied for the second CSI report when none of the one or more third RSs is same as any RS for the set of CSI reports (e.g., any RS of which measurement(s) is indicated by any CSI report included in the set of CSIDocket No.25-1050PCTreports), is the scaling factor, that is a real number between 0 and 1, and [a] is a ceiling operation that computes a minimum integer larger than the floating-point number a.

[0413] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the report quantities are among one of radio link qualities, and channel state information (CSI).

[0414] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the radio link qualities include one or more of CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), SSB resource indicator (SSBRI);

[0415] received reference signal power (RSRP), and received signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR).

[0416] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the CSI includes one or more of CRI, rank indicator (Rl), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), and channel quality indicator (CQI).

[0417] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the one or more first RSs and one or more third RSs are of the same RS type.

[0418] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the one or more second RSs and one or more fourth RSs are of the same RS type.

[0419] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises RS type of the one or more first RSs is SSB, or non-zero power CSI-RS (NZP-CSI-RS).

[0420] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises RS type of the one or more first RSs is SSB, and RS type of the one or more second RSs is SSB, or NZP-CSI-RS.

[0421] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises RS type of the one or more first RSs is NZP-CSI-RS, and RS type of the one or more second RSs is NZP-CSI-RS.

[0422] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the first CSI report configuration indicates a first CSI resource configuration and a second CSI resource configuration, and the second CSI report configuration indicates a third CSI resource configuration and a fourth CSI resource configuration.

[0423] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the first CSI resource configuration indicates the one or more first RSs, the second CSI resource configuration indicates the one or more third RSs, the third CSI resource configuration indicates the one or more second RSs, and the fourth CSI resource configuration indicates the one or more fourth RSs.

[0424] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the one or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs are the same, based on the first CSI resource configuration and the third CSI resource configuration indicating the same CSI resource configuration ID (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfigld IE).

[0425] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the first CSI resource configuration indicates a first associated ID, the second CSI resource configuration indicates a second associated ID, the third CSI resource configuration indicates a third associated ID, and the fourth CSI resource configuration indicates a fourth associated ID.

[0426] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the first CSI resource configuration and the third CSI resource configuration indicating different CSI resource configuration IDs (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfigld IE), and theDocket No. 25-1050PCTone or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs are the same, based on the first associated ID and the third associated ID being the same.

[0427] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the first CSI resource configuration indicates one or more first CSI resource sets (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSet IE), the second CSI resource configuration indicates one or more second CSI resource sets, the third CSI resource configuration indicates one or more third CSI resource sets, and the fourth CSI resource configuration indicates one or more fourth CSI resource sets.

[0428] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the one or more first CSI resource sets indicate the one or more first RSs, the one or more second CSI resource sets indicate the one or more third RSs, the one or more third CSI resource sets indicate the one or more second RSs, and the one or more fourth CSI resource sets indicate the one or more fourth RSs.

[0429] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the first CSI resource configuration and the third CSI resource configuration indicate different CSI resource configuration IDs (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfigld), and the one or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs are the same based on each CSI resource set, of the one or more first CSI resource sets, indicates the same resource set ID (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSetld) as that of the one or more second CSI resource sets.

[0430] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises each of the one or more first CSI resource sets indicate one or more first CSI SSB resources (e.g, SSB-lndex), each of the one or more second CSI resource sets indicate one or more first NZP-CSI-RS resources, each of the one or more third CSI resource sets indicate one or more second CSI SSB resources, and each of the one or more fourth CSI resource sets indicate one or more second NZP-CSI-RS resources.

[0431] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the one or more first CSI SSB resources indicated by the one or more first CSI resource sets are the one or more first RSs, the one or more first NZP-CSI-RS resources indicated by the one or more second CSI resource sets are the one or more third RSs, the one or more second CSI SSB resources indicated by the one or more third CSI resource sets are the one or more second RSs, and the one or more second NZP-CSI-RS resources indicated by the one or more fourth CSI resource sets are the one or more fourth RSs.

[0432] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the first CSI resource configuration and the third CSI resource configurations indicate different CSI resource configuration IDs (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfigld), each CSI resource set, of the one or more first CSI resource sets, indicates a different resource set ID (e.g., CSI-SSB-ResourceSetld) than a corresponding CSI resource set, of the one or more second CSI resource sets, and the one or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs are the same based on the one or more first CSI SSB resources and the one or more second CSI SSB resources are the same.

[0433] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises each of the plurality of CSI report configurations indicates a CSI report configuration type (e.g., reportConfigType), a report quantity type (e.g., reportQuantity), a servingDocket No.25-1050PCTcell index (e.g., carrier via ServCelllndex IE), and a CSI report configuration ID (e.g., reportConfigld via CSI- ReportConfigld IE).

[0434] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the subset of CSI reports comprises CSI reports sorted by a priority, a priority of n-th CSI report is determined based on Priics / (y, k, c, s) = 2 ■ Ncells■ Ms- y + Wcei(s■ Ms■ k + Ms■ c + s, where y is based on the CSI report configuration type, k is based on the report quantity type, c is a serving cell index identifying a serving cell of the wireless device, s is a CSI report configuration ID of the n-th CSI report, Msis the maximum number of the plurality of CSI report configurations (e.g., maxNrofCSI- ReportConfigurations), and Nceusis the maximum number of serving cells (e.g., maxNrofServingCells).

[0435] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises y = 0 if the n-th CSI report is aperiodical and to be carrrierd on PUSCH, y = 1 if the n-th CSI report is semi-persistent and to be carrrierd on PUSCH, y = 2 if the n-th CSI report is semi-persistent and to be carrrierd on PUCCH, and y = 3 if the n-th CSI report is periodical and to be carrrierd on PUCCH.

[0436] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises k = 0 is for a CSI report, comprising L1-RSRP or L1-SINR, corresponding to the first CSI report configuration, k = 1 is for a CSI report among the set of CSI reports, not comprising L1-RSRP or L1 -SINR, and k = 2 is for a CSI report, comprising L1-RSRP or L1-SINR, corresponding to the second CSI report configuration.

[0437] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises a CSI report configuration ID of (or indicated by) the first CSI report configuration is smaller than a CSI report configuration ID of (or indicated by) the second CSI report configuration.

[0438] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises a CSI resource configuration ID of (or indicated by) the first CSI resource configuration is smaller than a CSI resource configuration ID of (or indicated by) the third CSI resource configuration.

[0439] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises comparing the determined number of CPUs(e.g., ∑_{n=0}^{M-1} O_CPU^(n) to a number of CPUs that are available (e.g., unoccupied) (e.g., NCPU-L), at the wireless device, for processing CSI reports.

[0440] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining the number of CPUs that are available (e.g., unoccupied) (e.g., NCPU-L), at the wireless device, for processing CSI reports, based on the maximum number of CPUs (NCPU) that can be used by the wireless device to process CSI reports simultaneously, and a number of CPUs (L) that are currently occupied (I,e., not available) at the wireless device (e.g., during the OFDM symbol) for processing CSI reports.

[0441] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the number of CSI reports in the subset is determined as a largest number M that ∑_{n=0}^{M} O_CPU^(n) ≤ N_CPU − L holds, where 0 < M < N, and N is the total number of CSI reports included in the set of CSI reports.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0442] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises based on the number of CSI reports in the subset, determining whether to update each CSI report included in the set of CSI reports.

[0443] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining not to update one or more CSI reports (e.g., N-M), based on the one or more CSI reports not being in the subset.

[0444] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining to update one or more CSI reports, based on the one or more CSI reports being in the subset.

[0445] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining a number of AI-CPUs (e.g., AI-CPUs) (e.g., ∑_{n=0}^{M-1} O_AI-CPU^(n) for predicting measurements (e.g., using AI / ML inference) of RSs for the subset of CSI reports.

[0446] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the AI-CPUs are CPUs that can perform AI / ML inference (e.g., a separate CPU pool from CPUs that cannot perform AI / ML inference).

[0447] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the determined number of AI-CPUs (e.g., ∑_{n=0}^{M-1} O_AI-CPU^(n) is a number of AI-CPUs that are occupied for the subset of CSI reports (e.g., M CSI reports).

[0448] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the determined number of AI-CPUs (e.g., ∑_{n=0}^{M-1} O_AI-CPU^(n) is a number of AI-CPUs that are occupied, for the subset of CSI reports, during an OFDM symbol.

[0449] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the determined number of AI-CPU is Ln=o °AI-CPU’ wherein O^cpuis a number of AI-CPUs occupied for an n-th CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports, and M is the number of CSI reports included in the subset.

[0450] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises O_AI-CPU^(n) = 0 for the n-th CSI report that does not require predictions (e.g., AI / ML inference) (and / or that does not indicate RSs of which measurements are predicted).

[0451] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises comparing the determined number of AI-CPUs (e.g., ∑_{n=0}^{M-1} O_AI-CPU^(n) to a number of AI-CPUs that are available (e.g., unoccupied) (e.g., NAI-CPU-L’), at the wireless device, for processing CSI reports.

[0452] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining the number of AI-CPUs that are available (e.g., unoccupied) (e.g., NAI-CPU-L’), at the wireless device, for processing CSI reports, based on the maximum number of AI-CPUs ( NAI-CPU) that can be used by the wireless device to process CSI reports simultaneously, and a number of AI-CPUs (L') that are currently occupied (i.e., not available) at the wireless device (e.g., during the OFDM symbol) for processing CSI reports.

[0453] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the number of CSI reports in the subset is determined as a largest number that satisfies both ∑_{n=0}^{M}< Ncpu- £, and £“=0O^pu< NAI-Cpu ~ L' hold, wherein 0 < M < N.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0454] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises based on the number of CSI reports in the subset, determining whether to update each CSI report included in the set of CSI reports.

[0455] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining not to update one or more CSI reports (e.g., N-M), based on the one or more CSI reports not being in the subset.

[0456] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining to update one or more CSI reports, based on the one or more CSI reports being in the subset.

[0457] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises CPUs for an n-th CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports occupy a number of OFDM symbols starting from an n-th start symbol for CPUs (e.g., X_CPU^n and ending at an n-th end symbol for CPUs (e.g., Y_CPU^n).

[0458] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises AI-CPUs for the n-th CSI report occupy a number of OFDM symbols starting from an n-th start symbol for AI-CPUs (e.g., XA^CPU) and ending at an n-th end symbol for AI-CPUs (e.g., YA^CPU).

[0459] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the n-th start symbol for AI-CPUs is after the n- th start symbol for CPUs (e.g., X^_cpu> X^).

[0460] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the n-th end symbol for AI-CPUs is before the n-th end symbol for CPUs (e.g., Y^cpl / < Y^PU)-

[0461] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the CPUs for the n-th CSI report are not occupied (e.g., released), for a second number of OFDM symbols within the number of OFDM symbols, wherein the second number of OFDM symbols starting from a n-th start symbol (e.g., X^cpu), and ending at a n-th end symbol YnoCPul'

[0462] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises X^cpu> X^l and Y^pu< Y^.

[0463] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises X®PI / < XA^CPU, and Y^pl / > YA^CPU(p n Y^ Y^ — 1 l and Y^ (= Y® -I- i ll^noCPUcl^AI -CPU ’ ^AI-CPUdl lu‘noCPUcAI-CPU' ‘AI-CPUT L)I-

[0464] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises offloading a CPU task to an AI-CPU, based on all CPUs being occupied (e.g., not available) while not all AI-CPUs are occupied (e.g., by AI / ML inference tasks).

[0465] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining the number of CSI reports in the subset as a largest number (e.g., M that both X„=oO^u< NCPU- L and0OAflcpu< NAI-CPU- L' hold, wherein 0< M < N, and M < < N.

[0466] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises a CSI report, that can be processed by both CPU and AI-CPU, occupies unoccupied CPUs first.Docket No.25-1050PCT

[0467] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises Mr- M CSI reports are offloaded from CPU to AI-CPU for that OFDM symbol.

[0468] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, by the wireless device, capability / assistant information indicating that the wireless device supports shared CSI resource for measurements and different CSI resources for prediction.

[0469] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the capability / assistant information indicates a maximum number of CSI reports that the wireless device supports shared CSI resource for measurements and different CSI resources for prediction

[0470] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the capability / assistant information indicates a maximum number of RSs in the shared CSI resource for measurements, wherein the measurements are for prediction of measurements of different CSI resources.

[0471] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises the capability / assistant information indicates a maximum total number of RSs from different CSI resources used in measurements prediction that share a common CSI resource for measurements.

[0472] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving, by a wireless device a first channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs, and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs, based on the one or more first RSs being the same as the one or more third RSs, receiving a downlink message requesting CSI reports associated with either the first CSI report configuration or the second CSI report configuration, and not both the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration, and transmitting the CSI reports.

[0473] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving, by a wireless device, a channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs, and the one or more first RSs are for a first carrier and the one or more second RSs are from a second carrier, determining, predicted measurements of the one or more first RSs based on measurements of the one or more second RSs, and based on the predicted measurements of the one or more first RSs, transmitting a CSI report comprising the predicted measurements.

Claims

Docket No.25-1050PCTCLAIMS1. A method comprising:receiving, by a wireless device:a first channel state information (CSI) report configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs) and one or more second RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs; anda second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and one or more fourth RSs, wherein measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs;determining, for the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration, a number of CSI processing units (CPUs) based on at least one RS of the one or more first RSs being the same as at least one RS of the one or more third RSs;based on the number of CPUs, updating a subset of CSI reports among a set of CSI reports; and transmitting at least one CSI report included in the subset of CSI reports.

2. A method comprising:determining, by a wireless device, a number of channel state information (CSI) processing units (CPUs), based on at least one reference signal (RS) of one or more first RSs for predicting measurements of one or more second RSs being same as at least one RS of one or more third RSs for predicting measurements of one or more fourth RSs; andtransmitting at least one CSI report, wherein the at least one CSI report is determined based on the number of CPUs.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein:the measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more first RSs; andthe measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on measurements of the one or more third RSs.

4. The method of claim 2 or 3, further comprising receiving, by a wireless device:a first CSI report configuration indicating the one or more first RSs and the one or more second RSs; and a second CSI report configuration indicating one or more third RSs and the one or more fourth RSs.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining is for the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration.

6. The method of any one of claims 2-5, further comprising updating, based on the number of CPUs, a subset of CSI reports among a set of CSI reports.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the transmitted at least one CSI report is included in the subset of CSI reports.Docket No.25-1050PCT8. The method of any one of claims 4-7, comprising receiving a plurality of CSI report configurations, wherein the plurality of CSI report configurations comprises:the first CSI report configuration indicating the one or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs; and the second CSI report configuration indicating the one or more second RSs and the one or more fourth RSs.

9. The method of any one of claims 6-8, comprising receiving a downlink control message requesting the set of CSI reports.

10. The method of any one of claims 6-9, wherein the set of CSI reports comprises:a first CSI report, configured by the first CSI report configuration, indicating that the measurements of the one or more second RSs are predicted based on the measurements of the one or more first RSs; anda second CSI report, configured by the second CSI report configuration, indicating that the measurements of the one or more fourth RSs are predicted based on the measurements of the one or more third RSs.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one CSI report comprises at least one of the first CSI report and the second CSI report.

12. The method of any one of claims 6-11, wherein the determined number of CPUs is a sum of a respective number of occupied CPUs for each CSI report of the subset of CSI reports during a symbol.

13. The method of any one of claims 6-12, wherein the subset of CSI reports comprises one or more high priority CSI reports among the set of CSI reports.

14. The method of any one of claims 12-13, comprising skipping updating one or more CSI reports, that are included in the set of CSI reports and not be included in the subset of CSI reports, based on:the determined number of CPUs; anda maximum number of CPUs that the wireless device supports, for the set of CSI reports, during the symbol.

15. The method of any one of claims 12-14, wherein, during the symbol,:a first number of CPUs is configured to be occupied for the first CSI report based on the first CSI report configuration; anda second number of CPUs is configured to be occupied for the second CSI report based on the second CSI report configuration, wherein the first number and the second number are positive integer values.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein:a first number of occupied CPUs indicates a number of CPUs that are occupied for the first CSI report; and a second number of occupied CPUs indicates a number of C PUs that are occupied for the second CSI report.

17. The method of claim 16 or 17, comprising determining thefirst number of occupied CPUs or the second number of occupied CPUs being zero based on:the one or more first RSs being same as the one or more third RSs; andthe first CSI report and the second CSI report indicating a same report quantity.Docket No.25-1050PCT18. The method of claim 17, wherein, based on the first CSI report having a lower priority than the second CSI report:the first number of occupied CPUs is zero; andthe second number of occupied CPUs is the second number of CPUs.

19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein, based on the first CSI report having a lower priority than the second CSI report:the second number of occupied CPUs is zero; andthe first number of occupied CPUs is the first number of CPUs.

20. The method of any one of claims 17-19, comprising determining the first number of occupied CPUs or the second number of occupied CPUs being smaller than the first number of CPUs or the second number of CPUs respectively based on:the one or more first RSs being different from the one or more third RSs; orthe first CSI report and the second CSI report indicate different report quantity respectively.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein, based on the first CSI report having a lower priority than the second CSI report:the first number of occupied CPUs is smaller than the first number of CPUs, wherein the first number of occupied CPUs is a reduced number from the first number of CPUs by a scaling factor; andthe second number of occupied CPUs is the second number of CPUs.

22. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein, based on the first CSI report having a lower priority than the second CSI report:the second number of occupied CPUs is smaller than the second number of CPUs, wherein the second number of occupied CPUs is a reduced number from the second number of CPUs by the scaling factor; and the first number of occupied CPUs is the first number of CPUs.

23. The method of any one of claims 17-22, wherein each of the same report quantity or the different report quantities indicates one or more of:CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI);SSB resource indicator (SSBRI);received reference signal power (RSRP);received signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR).rank indicator (Rl);precoding matrix indicator (PMI); andchannel quality indicator (CQI).

24. The method of any one of claims 2-23, wherein a RS of the one or more first RSs and the one or more second RSs is either synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or non-zero-power CSI reference signals (NZP-CSI-RSs).

25. The method of any one of claims 4-24, wherein:Docket No.25-1050PCTthe first CSI report configuration indicates a first CSI resource configuration and a second CSI resource configuration; andthe second CSI report configuration indicates a third CSI resource configuration and a fourth CSI resource configuration, wherein:the first CSI resource configuration indicates the one or more first RSs;the second CSI resource configuration indicates the one or more third RSs;the third CSI resource configuration indicates the one or more second RSs; andthe fourth CSI resource configuration indicates the one or more fourth RSs26. The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more first RSs and the one or more second RSs being the same comprises a first identifier of the first CSI resource configuration being same as a second identifier of the third CSI resource configuration.

27. The method of any one of claims 4-26, wherein:the first CSI resource configuration indicates one or more first CSI resource sets;the second CSI resource configuration indicates one or more second CSI resource sets;the third CSI resource configuration indicates one or more third CSI resource sets;the fourth CSI resource configuration indicates one or more fourth CSI resource sets;the one or more first CSI resource sets indicate the one or more first RSs;the one or more second CSI resource sets indicate the one or more third RSs;the one or more third CSI resource sets indicate the one or more second RSs; andthe one or more fourth CSI resource sets indicate the one or more fourth RSs.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the one or more first RSs and the one or more second RSs being the same comprises one or more first identifiers of the one or more first CSI resource sets being same as one or more second identifiers of the third CSI resource sets.

29. The method of claim 27 or 28, wherein:the first CSI resource configuration indicates a first associated ID;the second CSI resource configuration indicates a second associated ID;the third CSI resource configuration indicates a third associated ID; andthe fourth CSI resource configuration indicates a fourth associated ID.

30. The method of any one of claims 27-29, wherein:the first CSI resource configuration and the third CSI resource configuration indicating different CSI resource configuration IDs; andthe one or more first RSs and the one or more third RSs are the same, based on the first associated ID and the third associated ID being the same.

31. An apparatus comprising:Docket No.25-1050PCTone or more processors; andmemory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 -30.

32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1 -30.

Images