Artificial airway

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of clinical medical instruments and provides an artificial airway, so as to solve the problems that ventilation via a laryngeal mask is prone to cause airway obstruction and ventilation via a tracheal tube is prone to cause airway compression injury. The artificial airway comprises a laryngeal mask body, an tracheal tube assembly, and a laryngeal mask tube assembly connected to the laryngeal mask body; a mask body cavity is formed inside the laryngeal mask body; the laryngeal mask tube assembly forms a first ventilation cavity, and the first ventilation cavity is in communication with the mask body cavity; the tracheal tube assembly comprises a tracheal tube, and the tracheal tube has a first tube section; the first tube section is configured to be inserted into a patient's trachea after passing through the first ventilation cavity and the mask body cavity sequentially, a gap is reserved between the outer wall of the first tube section and the narrowest part of the airway, and the gap is configured to enable ventilation together with the laryngeal mask body. The present invention can keep the airway patency and reduce injury to sites such as the throat and the glottis.

Description

An artificial airway Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of clinical medical device technology, and more specifically, to an artificial airway. Background Technology

[0002] During general anesthesia, an artificial airway is usually inserted into the patient. This includes a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and an endotracheal tube. The advantages of a LMA are minimal trauma, patient comfort, and fewer complications; the disadvantages are the potential for airway obstruction and increased airway pressure. The advantages of an endotracheal tube are a patent airway and low airway pressure; the disadvantages are the risk of airway compression injury and more complications.

[0003] The endotracheal intubation procedure is as follows: A laryngoscope is inserted through the patient's mouth to expose the glottis, and an endotracheal tube, or a laryngeal mask airway, is inserted. A suitably sized endotracheal tube is selected and inserted into the trachea. The cuff is inflated and kept in contact with the tracheal mucosa under pressure. In some cases, the insertion and retention of the endotracheal tube can cause damage to the patient's mouth, pharynx, and trachea. Exposing the glottis through a laryngoscope can cause damage to the oral cavity and pharynx; moreover, to reduce respiratory resistance, endotracheal tubes with larger inner and outer diameters are generally selected, which increases the risk of damage to the pharynx and glottis; after insertion, the inflated cuff, in contact with the tracheal mucosa for an extended period while maintaining pressure, although preventing aspiration, can lead to ischemia and necrosis of the tracheal mucosa. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first aspect of this application aims to provide an artificial airway to solve the technical problems of airway obstruction during laryngeal mask ventilation and airway compression injury during endotracheal tube ventilation.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides an artificial airway including a laryngeal mask, an endotracheal tube assembly, and a laryngeal mask tube assembly connected to the laryngeal mask; the interior of the laryngeal mask forms a mask cavity; the laryngeal mask tube assembly forms a first ventilation cavity, the first ventilation cavity communicating with the mask cavity; the endotracheal tube assembly includes an endotracheal tube having a first tube segment, the first tube segment being configured to sequentially pass through the first ventilation cavity and the mask cavity and be inserted into the patient's trachea, the outer wall of the first tube segment having a gap with the narrowest part of the airway, the gap being configured to allow ventilation together with the laryngeal mask.

[0006] The first pipe section is configured to allow air to enter and exit together with the laryngeal mask.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the artificial airway provided by this applicant are:

[0008] By setting the gap between the first tube segment and the narrowest point of the airway to allow for joint ventilation with the laryngeal mask airway, ventilation can be achieved during patient inhalation or exhalation using the first space between the patient's trachea and the first tube segment, and the gap between the first tube segment and the narrowest point of the airway. This space connects to the second space between the laryngeal mask airway assembly and the endotracheal tube assembly through the mask body cavity. Therefore, it is unnecessary to make the first tube segment inserted into the patient's trachea thicker to reduce breathing resistance and meet ventilation requirements. Furthermore, the outer diameter of the first tube segment can be reduced, increasing the gap between the outer circumference of the first tube segment and the inner circumference of the narrowest point of the patient's airway, thereby reducing damage to the pharynx, glottis, and other areas. During patient breathing, air is inhaled and exhaled together through the endotracheal tube and the laryngeal mask airway assembly, ensuring airway patency and preventing airway obstruction.

[0009] In an optional technical solution, the first pipe section is configured to be able to have air intake and exhaust together with the gap, or to have air passages separately from the gap.

[0010] In an optional technical solution, the endotracheal tube is provided with a first through hole penetrating the wall of the endotracheal tube. If the endotracheal tube is inserted into the patient's trachea, the first through hole is located on the patient's glottis.

[0011] In an optional technical solution, the endotracheal tube is a variable diameter tube, and the endotracheal tube further includes a second tube segment located on the machine end side of the first tube segment; the inner diameter of the second tube segment is larger than the inner diameter of the first tube segment, and the outer diameter of the second tube segment is larger than the outer diameter of the first tube segment; the second tube segment is provided with a first through hole, and the first through hole penetrates the tube wall of the second tube segment.

[0012] In an optional technical solution, the first through hole is located between the first tube segment and the patient end of the endotracheal tube assembly.

[0013] In an optional technical solution, a first sealing part is provided between the second tube segment and the laryngeal mask airway assembly, and when the first tube segment is inserted into the patient's trachea, the first sealing part is located on the machine end side of the first through hole.

[0014] In an optional technical solution, the artificial airway further includes a second ventilation chamber, which is connected to the cover cavity.

[0015] In an optional technical solution, the artificial airway further includes a second ventilation chamber, which is connected to the mask cavity, and the tracheal tube is sealed to the first ventilation chamber.

[0016] In an optional technical solution, the artificial airway further includes a second ventilation chamber, which is connected to the mask cavity; a second sealing part is provided between the endotracheal tube assembly and the laryngeal mask tube assembly. When the first tube segment is inserted into the patient's trachea, the second sealing part is located inside the laryngeal mask tube assembly and on the patient end side of the first through hole. The second sealing part is used to switch the blocked state and open state of the space outside the endotracheal tube in the first ventilation chamber.

[0017] In an optional technical solution, the second sealing part is an inflatable airbag.

[0018] In an optional technical solution, the inflatable airbag is connected to a pressure indicator.

[0019] In an optional technical solution, the artificial airway is provided with an esophageal drainage cavity.

[0020] In an optional technical solution, the artificial airway is provided with a video element cavity, which is connected to or communicates with the cover cavity; the video element cavity is used for the insertion of a video element.

[0021] In an optional technical solution, the patient end of the video element cavity and / or the patient end of the video element is provided with a scale bar.

[0022] In an optional technical solution, the scale is a circular scale.

[0023] In an optional technical solution, the artificial airway is provided with at least one drainage tube and / or at least one gas sampling tube, both of which are connected to the cavity of the mask.

[0024] In an optional technical solution, the endotracheal tube is provided with at least one gas sampling tube and / or at least one drainage tube in its wall. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or background art of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or background art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the endotracheal tube inserted into the patient's trachea in the artificial airway provided in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laryngeal mask airway assembly in the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 1.

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of section AA in Figure 2.

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of measuring the glottis size using the annular scale in the artificial airway provided in Example 1.

[0030] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of another implementation of the tracheal tube in the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 1.

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Example 2.

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 2 in the exhalation state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly is used for air intake and the tracheal tube is used for air exhaust.

[0033] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 2 in the inspiratory state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly is used for air intake and the tracheal tube is used for air exhaust.

[0034] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Example 3.

[0035] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 3 in the inspiratory state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly is used for air delivery and the tracheal tube is used for air intake.

[0036] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 3 in the exhalation state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly is used for air delivery and the tracheal tube is used for air intake.

[0037] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Example 4.

[0038] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Example 4 during the exhalation state.

[0039] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Example 4 during inhalation.

[0040] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Example 5.

[0041] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 5 in the inspiratory state when the laryngeal mask tube assembly and tracheal tube are used for air intake and the second ventilation chamber is used for air exhaust.

[0042] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 5 in the exhalation state when the laryngeal mask tube assembly and tracheal tube are used for air intake and the second ventilation chamber is used for air exhaust.

[0043] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Example 6.

[0044] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Example 7.

[0045] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 7, in which the second ventilation chamber is used for air outflow, the endotracheal tube is used for air inflow, and the inflatable cuff is used for occlusion during the exhalation state.

[0046] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 7, in which the second ventilation chamber is used for air outlet, the tracheal tube is used for air inlet, and the inflatable airbag is used for inhalation.

[0047] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 7, in which the second ventilation chamber is used for air outlet, the tracheal tube is used for air inlet, and the inflatable airbag is reduced in the inhalation state.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 10-Laryngeal mask body; 11-Mask body cavity; 12-Laryngeal mask cuff; 13-Laryngeal mask inflation tube; 14-Laryngeal mask inflation valve; 20-Laryngeal mask tubing assembly; 21-Laryngeal mask tubing; 211-Video element cavity; 212-Esophageal drainage cavity; 213-Drainage tube; 214-Gas sampling tube; 216-First ventilation cavity; 217-Second space; 22-Laryngeal mask connector; 23-Second ventilation cavity; 30-Tracheal tube; 31-First tube segment; 32-First through hole; 33-Second tube segment; 34-First sealing part; 35-Inflatable cuff; 36-Cuff inflation tube; 40-Patient trachea; 41-First space; 90-Video element. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0050] Example 1:

[0051] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the endotracheal tube inserted into the patient's trachea in the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 1. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the laryngeal mask airway assembly in the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 1. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of section AA in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of measuring the glottis size using the annular scale in the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 1. As shown in Figures 1-4, the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 1 includes a laryngeal mask 10, an endotracheal tube assembly, and a laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 connected to the laryngeal mask 10. The interior of the laryngeal mask 10 forms a mask cavity 11. The laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 forms a first ventilation cavity 216, which communicates with the mask cavity 11. The endotracheal tube assembly includes an endotracheal tube 30, which has a first tube segment 31. The first tube segment 31 is configured to pass sequentially through the first ventilation cavity 216 and the mask cavity 11 and be inserted into the patient's trachea 40. A gap is left between the outer wall of the first tube segment 31 and the narrowest part of the airway, and the gap is configured to allow ventilation together with the laryngeal mask 10.

[0052] By setting the gap between the first tube segment 31 and the narrowest point of the airway to allow for ventilation together with the laryngeal mask 10, ventilation can be achieved during patient inhalation or exhalation using the first space 41 between the patient's trachea 40 and the first tube segment 31, and the gap between the narrowest point of the patient's airway and the first tube segment 31. This space is connected to the laryngeal mask duct assembly 20 through the mask cavity 11.

[0053] The second space 217 between the endotracheal tube assembly and the endotracheal tube eliminates the need to make the first tube segment 31, which extends into the patient's trachea 40, thicker to reduce breathing resistance and meet ventilation requirements. Furthermore, the outer diameter of the first tube segment 31 can be reduced, increasing the gap between the outer circumference of the first tube segment 31 and the inner circumference of the narrowest part of the patient's airway, thereby reducing damage to the pharynx, glottis, and other areas. During breathing, air is inhaled and exhaled together through the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20.

[0054] For example, in adult males in my country, the inner diameter of the endotracheal tube 30 is approximately 7.5mm to 8.5mm. To reduce breathing resistance, it is necessary to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the endotracheal tube 30 that extends into the patient's trachea 40. This requires making the endotracheal tube 30 as thick as possible. For example, the inner diameter of the endotracheal tube 30 can be set to 8mm. However, in this embodiment, the inner diameter of the first segment 31 of the endotracheal tube 30 can be set to 7mm or 6mm or even smaller. Correspondingly, the outer diameter is also reduced. Although the outer and inner diameters of the first segment 31 are reduced, ventilation can still be achieved by utilizing the first space 41 between the first segment 31 and the patient's trachea 40, the gap between the first segment 31 and the narrowest part of the patient's airway, and the second space 217 between the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. This maintains relatively low breathing resistance and meets the ventilation requirements.

[0055] If only the laryngeal mask 10 and laryngeal mask tube assembly 20 are inserted into the patient's mouth, obstruction may occur for the following reasons: 1. Abnormal position of the laryngeal mask 10; 2. Abnormal pharyngeal anatomy in the patient, most commonly epiglottic folding; 3. Secretions blocking the laryngeal mask tube assembly 20; 4. Abnormality of the laryngeal mask cuff 12 of the laryngeal mask 10, such as the front end of the laryngeal mask cuff 12 folding back to the ventral or dorsal side; 5. Special patient position, etc.

[0056] If the endotracheal tube 30 is inserted, it can serve the following functions: 1. Ventilation: Air is delivered via the endotracheal tube 30; 2. Positioning: Ensures accurate positioning of the laryngeal mask airway 10; after intubation, the endotracheal tube 30 limits the position of the laryngeal mask airway 10; for patients in special positions, changes in position are prevented by the endotracheal tube 30, ensuring a proper fit and seal between the laryngeal mask airway 10 and the patient's pharynx; 3. Preventing epiglottic retraction and obstruction of the glottis: The epiglottis is fixed in its normal anatomical position, maintaining patency between the endotracheal tube 30 and the narrowest point of the patient's airway. Even if the inner diameter of the endotracheal tube 30 is small and ventilation is insufficient, breathing can still occur through the gap between the endotracheal tube 30 and the narrowest point of the patient's airway.

[0057] With airway pressure monitoring in place, if the pressure does not exceed the normal range, the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 can be used as the inspiratory tube and the expiratory tube, respectively.

[0058] In this application, for various tubes, cavities, or connectors, the end closer to the patient's body is the patient end, and the end further away from the patient's body, i.e., the end closer to the machine connected to the artificial airway, is the machine end. The simultaneous ventilation of the first tube segment 31 and the gap means that when the patient inhales, air can enter through the first tube segment 31 and the gap simultaneously; and when the patient exhales, air can exit through the first tube segment 31 and the gap simultaneously. Separate ventilation of the first tube segment 31 and the gap means that gas cannot flow through the first tube segment 31 and the gap simultaneously. That is, when the patient exhales, if air exits through the first tube segment 31, air does not enter through the gap; when the patient inhales, if air enters through the gap, air does not enter through the first tube segment 31, and vice versa.

[0059] The laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 may include a laryngeal mask airway 21 directly connected to the laryngeal mask body 10, a laryngeal mask connector 22 connecting the laryngeal mask airway 21 to other tubing, and a laryngeal mask connecting tube (not shown in the figure) connecting the laryngeal mask connector 22. It should be noted that the laryngeal mask connector 22 is not the focus of this application's improvement, and is therefore schematically represented by a rectangle without showing its specific structure. In the specific embodiments of this application, the laryngeal mask airway 21 is mainly used as an example to describe the structure and relative positional relationship between the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 and the tracheal tube 30. Those skilled in the art should understand that corresponding structures can also be provided between other parts of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 and the tracheal tube 30, for example, between the laryngeal mask connector 22 and the laryngeal mask connecting tube and the tracheal tube 30.

[0060] The endotracheal tube assembly may include an endotracheal tube 30, an endotracheal tube connector (not shown in the figure) connecting the endotracheal tube 30 to other tubing, and an endotracheal tube connecting tube (not shown in the figure) connecting the endotracheal tube connector. For example, the endotracheal tube connector may be an L-shaped connector. It should be noted that in the specific embodiments of this application, structures such as the first sealing part 34, the second sealing part, the first through hole 32, and the second tube segment 33, described later, are all disposed within the endotracheal tube. However, those skilled in the art should understand that corresponding structures may also be disposed on the endotracheal tube connector and / or the endotracheal tube connecting tube. For example, the first through hole 32 and the second tube segment 33 may be disposed on the endotracheal tube connecting tube, while the first sealing part 34 may be disposed between the endotracheal tube connecting tube and the laryngeal mask airway connecting tube, or between the endotracheal tube connecting tube and the laryngeal mask airway connector, etc.

[0061] Furthermore, it should be noted that the relative thicknesses and proportions of the endotracheal tube 30, laryngeal mask airway 21, patient trachea 40, and the video element cavity 211, esophageal drainage cavity 212, drainage tube 213, gas sampling tube 214, second ventilation cavity 23, and cuff inflation tube 36 in the accompanying drawings are merely schematic representations intended to provide clarity and facilitate the depiction of gas flow, and do not represent a limitation on specific thicknesses or proportions. Moreover, the proportions of the endotracheal tube 30 inserted into the patient trachea 40 to the thicknesses of the aforementioned tubes and cavities in the accompanying drawings cannot be used as a basis for indicating the actual insertion length. The drawings are presented in this manner only for schematic representation and do not absolutely limit the length that can be inserted into the patient trachea 40.

[0062] In this application, the endotracheal tube 30 has a first segment 31, meaning that the endotracheal tube 30 includes a first segment 31. However, this does not preclude the endotracheal tube 30 from having other segments. For example, in the embodiments described later, the endotracheal tube 30 has a second segment 33. In this embodiment, the endotracheal tube 30 has a first segment 31, and the outer diameter of the first segment 31 remains consistent at different positions along its length.

[0063] Furthermore, the narrowest point of the patient's airway is specifically: for adults or children older than 8 years, the narrowest point is the glottis, while for children younger than 8 years, the narrowest point is the cricoid cartilage. The first space 41 is the space within the patient's trachea 40 that extends beyond the first tube segment 31. When the outer circumferential surface of the first tube segment 31 does not contact the patient's trachea 40, this first space 41 can be annular. If the outer circumferential surface of the first tube segment 31 contacts the inner circumferential surface of the patient's trachea 40, and the patient's trachea 40 is not an absolutely rigid body, and the patient's trachea 40 may contact the first tube segment 31 at multiple locations within a cross-section, then the first space 41 can be a C-shaped space or the sum of two or more circumferentially arranged arc-shaped spaces. The second space 217 is the space between the outer circumferential surface of the endotracheal tube 30 and the inner wall of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. When the outer circumferential surface of the endotracheal tube 30 does not contact the inner circumferential surface of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20, this second space 217 can be annular. If the outer peripheral surface of the endotracheal tube 30 contacts the inner peripheral surface of the laryngeal mask assembly 20, and the laryngeal mask assembly 20 is not an absolutely rigid body, and the laryngeal mask assembly 20 may contact the endotracheal tube 30 at multiple locations within a cross section, then the second space 217 can be a C-shaped space or the sum of two circumferentially arranged arc-shaped spaces. Alternatively, the second space 217 may be annular within a portion of the length of the laryngeal mask assembly 20, and a C-shaped space or the sum of two circumferentially arranged arc-shaped spaces within a portion of the length.

[0064] Furthermore, those skilled in the art should understand that a laryngeal mask air bladder 12 may also be provided on the edge of the laryngeal mask body 10, and the laryngeal mask air bladder 12 is connected to the laryngeal mask inflation valve 14 via the laryngeal mask inflation tube 13. After the laryngeal mask body 10 is placed in place, the laryngeal mask air bladder 12 is inflated.

[0065] As shown in Figure 1, the first pipe section 31 is configured to allow air to enter and exit together with the gap, or to allow air to pass through the gap separately.

[0066] By configuring the first tube segment 31 to allow ventilation in conjunction with the gap, ventilation can be achieved during patient inhalation or exhalation using the first space 41 between the patient's trachea 40 and the first tube segment 31, and the gap between the narrowest part of the patient's airway and the first tube segment 31. That is, the minimum ventilation cross-sectional area within the patient's airway is the sum of the cross-sectional size of the gap between the narrowest part of the patient's airway and the first tube segment 31, and the inner cross-sectional area of ​​the first tube segment 31. Therefore, it is unnecessary to make the first tube segment 31, which extends into the patient's trachea 40, thicker to reduce breathing resistance and meet ventilation requirements. Furthermore, the outer diameter of the first tube segment 31 can be reduced, increasing the gap between the outer circumferential surface of the first tube segment 31 and the inner circumferential surface of the narrowest part of the patient's airway, thereby reducing damage to the pharynx, glottis, and other areas. During patient breathing, gas is inhaled and exhaled together through the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20.

[0067] If the first tube segment 31 and the gap are ventilated separately, the gas inhaled each time is isolated from the gas exhaled previously in the artificial airway, thus eliminating mechanical dead space and physiological dead space.

[0068] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, optionally, the artificial airway is provided with an esophageal drainage cavity 212.

[0069] By setting up the esophageal drainage cavity 212, during anesthesia maintenance, after the laryngeal mask assembly is inserted into the patient, the patient end of the esophageal drainage cavity 212 can be connected to the patient's esophageal opening for drainage of the patient's gastric contents. A gastric tube can be inserted along the esophageal drainage cavity 212.

[0070] Specifically, in this embodiment, Figure 1 shows that the esophageal drainage lumen 212 is located outside the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. Of course, in another implementation, the esophageal drainage lumen 212 can also be located inside the wall of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20, as shown in Figure 3.

[0071] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, optionally, the artificial airway is provided with a video element cavity 211, which is connected to or connected to the cover cavity 11; the video element cavity 211 is used for the video element 90 to pass through.

[0072] By setting up a video element cavity 211, a video element 90 can pass through the video element cavity 211 and capture images of the area inside or below the laryngeal mask 11. The video element 90 can be connected to a monitor, allowing observation of the patient's glottis and the trachea 40 below the glottis within the laryngeal mask 11. Specifically, the relative position of the laryngeal mask 10 and the glottis, the state of the glottis, and the presence of secretions in the pharynx can be observed, allowing for appropriate intervention. Furthermore, by using the video element 90, the movement of the endotracheal tube 30 towards the patient's lungs can be guided by video, preventing damage to the glottis and the patient's trachea 40.

[0073] In this embodiment, the video element cavity 211 is located on the wall of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20, making it safe, convenient to use, and simple to manufacture. Of course, in other implementations, the video element cavity 211 can also be independent of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. The video element 90 can be a camera. Specifically, the patient end of the video element cavity 211 can have a transparent plug or cap, not communicating with the mask airway cavity 11, allowing for the insertion of a reusable video element 90. If the patient end of the video element cavity 211 does not have a transparent plug or cap and is communicating with the mask airway cavity 11, a disposable video element 90 can be inserted.

[0074] As shown in Figure 4, optionally, the patient end of the video element cavity 211 and the patient end of the video element 90 are provided with a scale bar.

[0075] By setting a scale at the patient end of the video element cavity 211 and / or the video element 90, the operator can use the scale to estimate the size of the patient's glottis, which facilitates the selection of a suitable endotracheal tube 30 to be inserted into the patient's trachea 40.

[0076] In this embodiment, a scale can be provided at the patient end of the video element cavity 211. Specifically, the patient end of the video element cavity 211 can be sealed with a transparent material, such as transparent rubber, and a reusable video element 90 can be inserted therein. Alternatively, a scale can be provided on the camera, which serves as the disposable video element 90. Of course, in other implementations, a scale can be provided only at the video element cavity 211 or only at the patient end of the video element 90.

[0077] As shown in Figure 4, optionally, the scale is a circular scale.

[0078] This setup allows us to utilize the closed nature of the ring shape. Regardless of which direction the glottis is being estimated in, we can find a corresponding ring or a portion of multiple rings, which is sufficient to determine the size in that direction.

[0079] For example, if the center of the annular scale aligns perfectly with the center of the glottis, it's possible to determine which annular scale line the glottis's edge lies on, or within the region between two annular scale lines, thus estimating the glottis's dimension in that direction. If the center of the annular scale aligns with the center of the glottis, the glottis's dimension can be obtained by observing the local locations of the glottis's edge on the annular scale in opposite directions. For instance, if one edge of the glottis in the desired measurement direction lies on the 3mm annular scale line above the center, while the other edge in that direction lies on the 4mm annular scale line below the center, then the glottis's dimension in that direction can be determined to be 7mm. The double-dotted line in Figure 4 schematically represents the glottis. Multiple concentric circles represent the various dimension annular scale lines.

[0080] Of course, in another implementation, the scale can also be a linear scale. If scales are set at both the patient end of video element cavity 211 and the patient end of video element 90, the two scales can be set approximately perpendicularly. If the lengths of the scale lines in both directions are large, forming an approximately square space, the size of the glottis can be measured. If the directions of the two scales are not approximately perpendicular, they can be adjusted to be perpendicular by rotating video element 90. If the scale is only set at the patient end of video element 90, the extension direction of the scale can be aligned with the direction to be measured by rotating video element 90.

[0081] Optionally, the artificial airway is provided with at least one drainage tube 213 and at least one gas sampling tube 214, and the drainage tube 213 and the gas sampling tube 214 are connected to the hood cavity 11.

[0082] By setting up a gas sampling tube 214, with its patient end connected to the mask cavity 11, gas can be collected from the mask cavity 11 for respiratory gas monitoring in the pharynx. By setting up a drainage tube 213, with its patient end connected to the mask cavity 11, liquids and secretions within the mask cavity 11 can be aspirated to prevent reflux and aspiration.

[0083] The gas sampling tube 214 can be located on the ventral side of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20, making it less prone to blockage; while the drainage tube 213 is located on the dorsal side of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20, facilitating the suction of liquid and secretions within the mask airway cavity 11. The gas sampling tube 214 and drainage tube 213 can employ the same structure; when the gas sampling tube 214 becomes blocked, the drainage tube 213 can serve as a backup gas sampling tube 214, ensuring continuous and uninterrupted gas monitoring. In this embodiment, the gas sampling tube 214 and drainage tube 213 are located on the tube wall of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20, making them safe, convenient to use, and simple to manufacture. Of course, in other implementations, the gas sampling tube 214 and drainage tube 213 can also be located independently of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20.

[0084] Although this embodiment provides one drainage tube 213 and one gas sampling tube 214, those skilled in the art should understand that, in fact, the number of drainage tubes 213 and / or gas sampling tubes 214 can be multiple as needed.

[0085] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of another implementation of the endotracheal tube in the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 1. As shown in Figure 5, in another implementation, at least one gas sampling tube 214 and / or at least one drainage tube 213 can be disposed on the wall of the endotracheal tube 30. The drainage tube 213, disposed on the wall of the endotracheal tube 30, can aspirate fluid and secretions from the patient's trachea 40. The gas sampling tube 214, disposed on the wall of the endotracheal tube 30, can be used to collect gas from the patient's trachea 40 for respiratory gas monitoring. The values ​​obtained from sampling and monitoring within the patient's trachea 40 are more sensitive and accurate than those obtained from sampling and monitoring in the pharynx, and are closer to arterial blood gas analysis. Specifically, through holes corresponding to the gas sampling tube 214 and the drainage tube 214 can be provided on the connecting tubes or connectors to the endotracheal tube assembly, respectively, to drain the fluid in the gas sampling tube 214 and the drainage tube 214 to the corresponding locations.

[0086] Optionally, the gas sampling tube 214 and the drainage tube 213 can adopt the same structure. When the gas sampling tube 214 is blocked, the drainage tube 213 can be used as a backup gas sampling tube 214 to ensure continuous and uninterrupted gas monitoring.

[0087] Example 2:

[0088] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 2. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 2 in the expiratory state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly is used for air intake and the endotracheal tube is used for air exhaust. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 2 in the inspiratory state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly is used for air intake and the endotracheal tube is used for air exhaust. As shown in Figures 6-8, this embodiment is largely the same as Embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the endotracheal tube 30 has a first through hole 32 penetrating the wall of the endotracheal tube 30. If the endotracheal tube 30 is inserted into the patient's trachea 40, the first through hole 32 is located on the patient's glottis.

[0089] With the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 and endotracheal tube 30 used for inhalation and exhalation respectively, for patients with low airway pressure, inhalation can be performed via endotracheal tube 30 and exhalation via laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. Given the small tidal volume and slow respiratory rate, the inspiratory and expiratory times are increased, maintaining a low airway pressure. If the airway pressure is higher than normal, inhalation can be performed via laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 and exhalation via endotracheal tube 30; this is because the patient's inspiratory time is shorter than expiratory time, and the patient can tolerate higher expiratory pressure. If the airway pressure is still higher than normal, inhalation and exhalation can be performed simultaneously via laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 and endotracheal tube 30.

[0090] In this embodiment, the first through hole 32 can be provided in the first segment 31 of the endotracheal tube 30 to connect the interior and exterior of the first segment 31. The number of first through holes 32 can be more than one; for example, there can be multiple first through holes 32. The first through holes 32 can be arranged along the length direction of the endotracheal tube 30, along the circumference of the endotracheal tube 30, or simultaneously along both the length and circumference of the endotracheal tube 30. The extending direction of the first through hole 32 can be perpendicular to the length direction of the endotracheal tube 30, or at an acute angle to the length direction of the endotracheal tube 30.

[0091] In this embodiment, the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 can also be connected to the breathing circuit connector of CN115738005A to allow air intake and exhaust for the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 and the endotracheal tube 30, respectively. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that when the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 is used for exhaust and the endotracheal tube 30 is used for intake, the airflow direction is opposite to that shown in Figures 7 and 8, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0092] Example 3:

[0093] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 3. Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 3 in the inspiratory state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly is used for air delivery and the tracheal tube is used for air intake. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 3 in the expiratory state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly is used for air delivery and the tracheal tube is used for air intake. As shown in Figures 9-11, this embodiment is largely the same as Embodiment 2. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the tracheal tube 30 is a variable diameter tube, and the tracheal tube 30 also includes a second tube segment 33, which is located on the machine end side of the first tube segment 31; the inner diameter of the second tube segment 33 is larger than the inner diameter of the first tube segment 31, and the outer diameter of the second tube segment 33 is larger than the outer diameter of the first tube segment 31; the second tube segment 33 is provided with a first through hole 32 penetrating the tube wall of the second tube segment 33.

[0094] The first segment 31 inserted into the patient's trachea 40 is a thin tube, which can reduce damage to the patient's airway. Although the inner diameter of the first segment 31 is small, ventilation can still be carried out by utilizing the first space 41 between the first segment 31 and the patient's trachea 40 and the gap between the first segment 31 and the narrowest part of the patient's airway. The inner diameter of the second segment 33 is larger than that of the first segment 31. The larger inner diameter of the second segment 33 can be used to ensure the cross-sectional area for gas flow, thereby achieving a balance between reducing damage to the patient's trachea 40 and glottis, ensuring ventilation cross-section, and reducing respiratory resistance.

[0095] Specifically, the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 can be the inspiratory tube and the expiratory tube, respectively. As shown in Figures 10 and 11, if the endotracheal tube 30 is used for inhalation and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 for expiration, a portion of the inhaled air enters the first tube 31 through the second tube segment 33, and the other portion enters the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 through the first through-hole 32 of the second tube segment 33. Both portions of inhaled air enter the patient's lungs together. A portion of the exhaled air enters the second tube segment 33 through the first tube segment 31 and enters the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 through the first through-hole 32. The other portion of exhaled air directly enters the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 from the first space 41 and the mask cavity 11. Both portions of exhaled air enter the anesthesia machine together.

[0096] If the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 is used for intake and the endotracheal tube 30 for exhaust, a portion of the inhaled air enters the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 and enters the first tube segment 31 through the first through-hole 32. The other portion of the inhaled air directly enters the second space 217, the mask cavity 11, and the first space 41, with both portions of inhaled air entering the patient's lungs together. A portion of the exhaled air enters the second tube segment 33 through the first tube segment 31, while the other portion of the exhaled air enters the second space 217 through the first space 41 and the mask cavity 11, then enters the second tube segment 33 through the first through-hole 32. Both portions of exhaled air enter the anesthesia machine together.

[0097] Of course, the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 can also serve as both inspiratory and expiratory tubes. During inhalation, inhaled air enters the patient's lungs through the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20; during exhalation, exhaled air enters the anesthesia machine through the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20.

[0098] In another implementation, the second tube segment 33 may be located at the endotracheal tube connector or the endotracheal tube connecting tube, while the endotracheal tube 30 is a tube of equal diameter, that is, a portion of the endotracheal tube connector or the endotracheal tube connecting tube is thicker than the endotracheal tube.

[0099] As shown in Figure 9, optionally, the first through hole 32 is located between the first tube segment 31 and the patient end of the endotracheal tube assembly.

[0100] By positioning the first through-hole 32 between the first tube segment 31 and the patient end of the endotracheal tube assembly, the thicker portion of the endotracheal tube assembly can be connected to the second space 217. Gas passing through the first space 41 can enter the endotracheal tube assembly or flow in the reverse direction via the mask cavity 11, the second space 217, and the first through-hole 32, thereby increasing the ventilation cross-section. This reduces damage to the pharynx, glottis, and other areas while maintaining low respiratory resistance to meet ventilation needs.

[0101] Specifically, the first through hole 32 is located in a thicker section of the endotracheal tube connector or on the endotracheal tube connecting tube. Alternatively, it is located in a local area where the diameter changes between the first tube segment 31 and the second tube segment 33.

[0102] Example 4:

[0103] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 4. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 4 in the expiratory state. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 4 in the inspiratory state. As shown in Figures 12-14, this embodiment is mostly the same as Embodiment 3, except that a first sealing part 34 is provided between the second tube segment 33 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20, and when the first tube segment 31 is inserted into the patient's trachea 40, the first sealing part 34 is located on the machine end side of the through hole.

[0104] Although this design only allows ventilation via the endotracheal tube 30, this configuration reduces the gap between the inner circumferential surface of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 and the second tube segment 33. This increases the inner and outer diameters of the second tube segment 33, thereby increasing the ventilation cross-sectional area and reducing inspiratory and expiratory resistance.

[0105] Specifically, a portion of the inhaled air enters the first section 31 directly through the second tube 33, while the other portion enters the second tube 33 and passes through the first through-hole 32 into the second space 217, the mask cavity 11, and the first space 41 within the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. Both portions of inhaled air enter the patient's lungs together. A portion of the exhaled air enters the second tube 33 through the first tube 31, while the other portion passes through the first space 41 and the mask cavity 11 into the second space 217 of the laryngeal mask airway 21 and then through the first through-hole 32 into the second tube 33. Both portions of exhaled air enter the anesthesia machine together.

[0106] Specifically, the first sealing part 34 can be implemented by: providing an annular inner flange on the inner circumferential surface of the laryngeal mask tube assembly 20, with the inner circumferential surface of the annular inner flange abutting against the outer circumferential surface of the second tube segment 33 to achieve a seal; or, providing an annular outer flange on the outer circumferential surface of the second tube segment 33, with the annular outer flange abutting against the inner circumferential surface of the laryngeal mask tube assembly 20 to achieve a seal.

[0107] Alternatively, the second pipe section 33 can be sealed to a standard connector, which is connected to the throat mask connector 22. For example, an annular outer flange can be provided on the outer circumferential surface of the second pipe section 33, which abuts against the inner circumferential surface of the standard connector to achieve a seal.

[0108] Example 5:

[0109] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 5. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 5 in the inspiratory state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly and tracheal tube are used for air intake and the second ventilation chamber is used for air exhaust. Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 5 in the expiratory state when the laryngeal mask airway assembly and tracheal tube are used for air intake and the second ventilation chamber is used for air exhaust. As shown in Figures 15-17, this embodiment is largely the same as the above embodiments, with the main difference being that the artificial airway also includes a second ventilation chamber 23, which is connected to the mask cavity 11, and the first tube segment 31 is configured to pass through the first ventilation chamber 216 and enter the trachea.

[0110] By connecting the second ventilation chamber 23 to the mask cavity 11, air can be simultaneously introduced and expelled from the endotracheal tube 30, the laryngeal mask assembly 20, and the second ventilation chamber 23. Alternatively, air can be introduced and expelled from the endotracheal tube 30, the laryngeal mask assembly 20, and the second ventilation chamber 23 separately: that is, air is introduced into the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask assembly 20, and air is expelled from the second ventilation chamber 23; or air is expelled from the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask assembly 20, and air is introduced into the second ventilation chamber 23. This not only utilizes the insertion of the endotracheal tube 30 into the patient's trachea 40 to eliminate some physiological dead space, but also utilizes the second ventilation chamber 23, the first ventilation chamber 216, and the endotracheal tube 30 to eliminate mechanical dead space, greatly reducing the proportion of untreated air that the patient has just exhaled and inhaled.

[0111] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first ventilation chamber 216 is a ventilation chamber through which the tracheal tube 30 passes, while the second ventilation chamber 23 is a ventilation chamber that does not pass through the tracheal tube 30. The second ventilation chamber 23 can be a ventilation chamber disposed on the inner wall of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. In another implementation, the second ventilation chamber 23 can also be formed by a separate pipe to connect the mask cavity 11 and the corresponding device.

[0112] The second ventilation chamber 23 can be disposed within the wall of the laryngeal mask tube assembly 20, or it can be a separate tube leading to the mask cavity 11 inside the laryngeal mask body 10. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the second ventilation chamber 23 and the first ventilation chamber 216 can be arranged in the width direction of the laryngeal mask body 10.

[0113] Example 6:

[0114] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 6. As shown in Figure 18, optionally, this embodiment is mostly the same as Embodiment 1, the main difference being that: the artificial airway also includes a second ventilation chamber 23, the second ventilation chamber 23 is connected to the cover cavity 11, and the tracheal tube 30 is sealed to the first ventilation chamber 216.

[0115] With this configuration, air can be introduced and exhaled through the endotracheal tube 30, the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20, and the second ventilation chamber 23. Alternatively, with airway pressure monitoring, if the pressure does not exceed the normal range, the endotracheal tube 30 and the second ventilation chamber 23 can serve as the inspiratory and expiratory tubes, respectively, thus eliminating mechanical dead space. Compared to Embodiment 5, the amount of physiological dead space eliminated is further increased, reaching the maximum amount.

[0116] Taking a patient exhaling through the endotracheal tube 30 and inhaling through the second ventilation chamber 23 as an example, when the patient exhales, because the device connected to the machine end of the second ventilation chamber 23 has closed the air inlet, the gas in the first space 41, the mask cavity 11, and the second ventilation chamber 23 will not circulate. The exhaled air does not replace the existing gas in these spaces. Furthermore, because the endotracheal tube 30 is sealed to the first ventilation chamber 216, gas will not be exhaled through the second space 217. Therefore, when the patient exhales, they can only exhale through the endotracheal tube 30. When the patient inhales, the gas enters the lungs through the second ventilation chamber 23, the mask cavity 11, and the first space 41. Furthermore, before this inhalation, the air in the second ventilation chamber 23, the mask chamber 11, and the first space 41 is the air inhaled during the previous inhalation. The exhaled air does not exist in these spaces, so the inhaled air does not mix with the exhaled air. This not only eliminates mechanical dead space but also prevents the air inhaled through the first space 41 from being the same as the previously exhaled air. Similarly, if inhalation occurs through the endotracheal tube 30 and exhalation through the second ventilation chamber 23, the inhaled air will not be disturbed by the first space 41. Therefore, the air in the first space 41 is either only inhaled or only exhaled; it will not be both inhaled and exhaled. Thus, the elimination of physiological dead space is further increased, reaching its maximum.

[0117] Specifically, the sealing method between the endotracheal tube 30 and the first ventilation chamber 216 can refer to the setting method of the first sealing part 34 in Embodiment 4, and the setting of the second ventilation chamber 23 can refer to Embodiment 5, which will not be repeated here.

[0118] Example 7:

[0119] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 7. Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 7 in the exhalation state when the second ventilation chamber is used for air outlet, the endotracheal tube is used for air inlet, and the inflatable cuff is closed. Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 7 in the inhalation state when the second ventilation chamber is used for air outlet, the endotracheal tube is used for air inlet, and the inflatable cuff is closed. Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the artificial airway provided in Embodiment 7 in the inhalation state when the second ventilation chamber is used for air outlet, the endotracheal tube is used for air inlet, and the inflatable cuff is deflated. As shown in Figures 19-22, this embodiment is mostly the same as embodiment four, with the main difference being that: the artificial airway also includes a second ventilation chamber 23, which is connected to the mask cavity 11; a second sealing part is provided between the endotracheal tube assembly and the laryngeal mask tube assembly 20. When the first tube segment 31 is inserted into the patient's trachea 40, the second sealing part is located inside the laryngeal mask tube assembly 20 and on the patient end side of the first through hole 32. The second sealing part is used to switch the blocked state and open state of the space outside the endotracheal tube 30 in the first ventilation chamber 216.

[0120] By setting a second sealing part that can switch the blocked and open states of the space outside the endotracheal tube 30 in the first ventilation chamber 216, the blocked and open states of the second space 217 can be changed.

[0121] When the second sealing part blocks the second space 217 on the patient end side of the first through-hole 32, during inhalation via the endotracheal tube 30 and exhalation via the second ventilation chamber 23, the inhaled air enters the patient's lungs via the endotracheal tube 30 without sequentially passing through the second space 217, the mask cavity 11, and the first space 41, as shown in Figure 21; the exhaled air enters the anesthesia machine via the first space 41, the mask cavity 11, and the second ventilation chamber 23, as shown in Figure 20. There is no shared passage during inhalation and exhalation, no repeated inhalation, eliminating all mechanical dead space, and maximizing the elimination of physiological dead space. During exhalation via the endotracheal tube 30 and inhalation via the second ventilation chamber 23, the inhaled air enters the patient's lungs via the second ventilation chamber 23, the mask cavity 11, and the first space 41; the exhaled air enters the anesthesia machine via the endotracheal tube 30. There is no shared passage during inhalation and exhalation, no repeated inhalation, eliminating all mechanical dead space, and maximizing the elimination of physiological dead space.

[0122] When the second sealing part opens the second space 217, during inhalation via the endotracheal tube 30 and exhalation via the second ventilation chamber 23, the first inhalation route is through the endotracheal tube 30; the second inhalation route is through the second tube segment 33, the first through-hole 32, the second space 217, the mask cavity 11, and the first space 41, all entering the patient's lungs, as shown in Figure 22. The exhalation route is through the first space 41, the mask cavity 11, and the second ventilation chamber 23, as shown in Figure 20. The first space 41 exists in both the inhalation and exhalation routes, resulting in repeated inhalation and constituting a physiological dead space. Although the first space 41 is a physiological dead space in this situation, it can be used together with the first tube segment 31 as a passageway for the patient's inhalation, thereby increasing the airway cross-sectional area during inhalation and reducing inhalation resistance. When the second sealing part completely blocks the second space 217, the physiological dead space within the endotracheal tube 30 and the first space 41 can be eliminated; when the second sealing part opens the second space 217, the physiological dead space within the endotracheal tube 30 can be eliminated. Therefore, when the second sealing part completely blocks the second space 217, the elimination of physiological dead space reaches its maximum. Thus, by changing whether the second sealing part blocks the second space 217, it is possible to switch between eliminating physiological dead space and increasing ventilation area, adapting to different patient conditions.

[0123] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second sealing part is disposed in the second tube segment 33, and the outer diameter of the second tube segment 33 is larger than that of the first tube segment 31. However, in another implementation, the second sealing part can also be disposed in the first tube segment 31 with a relatively smaller outer diameter, as long as it can achieve a seal with the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. Alternatively, the second sealing part can be disposed on the inner wall of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. When the second sealing part performs its sealing function, the inner wall of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 expands radially inward, thereby abutting against the second tube segment 33 and / or the first tube segment 31. The arrangement of the second ventilation cavity 23 can be referred to Embodiment 5, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] As shown in Figures 19-22, optionally, the second sealing part is an inflatable airbag 35.

[0125] This configuration allows for easy control of the volume and pressure of the inflatable airbag 35 through inflation and deflation, thereby altering the degree of closure of the second sealing part and changing the airway pressure.

[0126] Taking the endotracheal tube 30 for air intake and the second ventilation chamber 23 for air exhaust as an example, when the inflatable cuff 35 seals the second space 217, as shown in Figure 20, air cannot enter through the port connected to the second tube segment 33 during the patient's exhalation. Even if the internal pressure of the patient's pleural cavity increases during exhalation, the exhaled air will not be sent into the first tube segment 31 and the second tube segment 33; that is, these portions of air do not contain the air exhaled by the patient in this exhalation. Moreover, the inflatable cuff 35 seals the second space 217, that is, the patient end side of the first through-hole 32 is sealed, and the first sealing part 34 also seals the machine end side of the first through-hole 32. Therefore, both sides of the first through-hole 32 are sealed, and the first through-hole 32 cannot actually be ventilated. Therefore, the patient's exhalation can only be discharged through the first space 41, the mask cavity 11, and the second ventilation chamber 23.

[0127] As shown in Figure 21, when the patient inhales, because the machine end of the tubing connected to the second ventilation chamber 23 is closed, the gas in the first space 41, the mask cavity 11, and the second ventilation chamber 23 will not be inhaled. Therefore, the gas previously exhaled by the patient will not enter the patient's lungs through the second ventilation chamber 23, the mask cavity 11, and the first space 41, and the patient will not inhale the gas just exhaled. Inhaled gas can only enter the lungs through the second tube segment 33 and the first tube segment 31, thus eliminating mechanical dead space and maximizing physiological dead space.

[0128] The inflatable airbag 35 can be arranged around the outer circumference of the second tube segment 33 or the first tube segment 31. When the inflatable airbag 35 is inflated, its outer circumference expands radially outward, abutting against the inner circumference of the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20 within a 360° circumferential range, thereby achieving a seal between the endotracheal tube 30 and the laryngeal mask airway assembly 20. Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that the inflatable airbag 35 can be connected to an inflation mechanism (not shown) via an inflation tube.

[0129] Optionally, the inflatable airbag 35 is connected to a pressure indicator (not shown in the figure).

[0130] By setting a pressure indicator, the pressure of the inflatable cuff 35 can be reflected. Since the size of the inflatable cuff 35 is affected not only by the internal air pressure but also by the external air pressure, the air pressure of the inflatable cuff 35 can be set to regulate the airway pressure. This is because when the airway pressure exceeds the inflatable cuff pressure, the inflatable cuff 35 will shrink, preventing it from sealing properly. Therefore, by setting the pressure of the inflatable cuff 35, the airway pressure can be maintained within the normal range during both mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing modes.

[0131] For example, if the pressure of the inflatable cuff 35 is 20 cmH2O, and the inflatable cuff 35 is completely sealed, the inhaled air can only enter the lungs through the endotracheal tube 30. During positive pressure ventilation, assuming the ventilator pressure, i.e., the airway pressure, is set to 25 cmH2O, the external pressure of the inflatable cuff 35 is greater than the internal pressure. The inflatable cuff 35 will shrink and fail to seal the second space 217, causing air leakage between the outer circumference of the inflatable cuff 35 and the inner circumference of the first ventilation chamber 216. If leakage occurs, the first inhalation route is through the endotracheal tube 30; the second inhalation route is through the second tube segment 33, the first through-hole 32, the second space 217, the mask cavity 11, and the first space 41. The inhaled air enters the patient's lungs through both routes. At this time, the ventilator pressure, i.e., the airway pressure, is equal to the cuff pressure, less than 25 cmH2O, and greater than 20 cmH2O, thus achieving airway pressure control.

[0132] While this application discloses the above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims. Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising" or any other variations thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. In the above embodiments, descriptions of orientation such as "upper" and "lower" are based on the accompanying drawings. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An artificial airway, characterized in that, The device includes a laryngeal mask (10), an endotracheal tube assembly, and a laryngeal mask tube assembly (20) connected to the laryngeal mask (10); the interior of the laryngeal mask (10) forms a mask cavity (11); the laryngeal mask tube assembly (20) forms a first ventilation cavity (216) that communicates with the mask cavity (11); the endotracheal tube assembly includes an endotracheal tube (30) having a first tube segment (31) configured to pass sequentially through the first ventilation cavity (216) and the mask cavity (11) and be inserted into the patient's trachea (40), with a gap between the outer wall of the first tube segment (31) and the narrowest part of the airway; the gap is configured to allow ventilation together with the laryngeal mask (10).

2. The artificial airway of claim 1, wherein, The first pipe section (31) is configured to allow air to enter and exit together with the gap, or to allow air to pass through the gap separately.

3. The artificial airway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The endotracheal tube assembly is provided with a first through hole (32) penetrating the tube wall of the endotracheal tube assembly; if the endotracheal tube (30) is inserted into the patient's trachea (40), the first through hole (32) is located on the patient's glottis.

4. The artificial airway of claim 3, wherein, The endotracheal tube assembly further includes a second tube segment (33), which is located on the machine end side of the first tube segment (31); the inner diameter of the second tube segment (33) is larger than the inner diameter of the first tube segment (31), and the outer diameter of the second tube segment (33) is larger than the outer diameter of the first tube segment (31); the second tube segment (33) is provided with a first through hole (32), which penetrates the tube wall of the second tube segment (33).

5. The artificial airway of claim 4, wherein, A first sealing part (34) is provided between the endotracheal tube assembly and the laryngeal mask tube assembly (20), and when the first tube segment (31) is inserted into the patient's trachea (40), the first sealing part (34) is located on the machine end side of the first through hole (32).

6. Artificial airway according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The artificial airway also includes a second ventilation chamber (23), which is connected to the cover cavity (11).

7. The artificial airway of claim 1, wherein, The artificial airway also includes a second ventilation chamber (23), which is connected to the cover cavity (11), and the tracheal tube (30) is sealed to the first ventilation chamber (216).

8. The artificial airway of claim 5, wherein, The artificial airway also includes a second ventilation chamber (23), which is connected to the mask cavity (11); a second sealing part is provided between the tracheal tube assembly and the laryngeal mask assembly (20). When the first tube segment (31) is inserted into the patient's trachea (40), the second sealing part is located on the patient end side of the first through hole (32). The second sealing part is used to switch the blocked state and open state of the space outside the tracheal tube assembly in the first ventilation chamber (216).

9. The artificial airway of claim 8, wherein, The second sealing part is an inflatable airbag (35).

10. The artificial airway according to claim 9, characterized in that, The inflatable airbag (35) is connected to a pressure indicator.

11. The artificial airway of any one of claims 1-10, wherein, The artificial airway is provided with an esophageal drainage cavity (212).

12. The artificial airway according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The artificial airway is provided with a video element cavity (211), which is connected to or connected to the cover cavity (11); the video element cavity (211) is used for the video element (90) to pass through.

13. The artificial airway according to claim 12, characterized in that, A scale bar is provided at the patient end of the video element cavity (211) and / or the patient end of the video element (90).

14. The artificial airway according to claim 13, characterized in that, The scale is a circular scale.

15. The artificial airway according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The artificial airway is provided with at least one drainage tube (213) and / or at least one gas sampling tube (214), and both the drainage tube (213) and the gas sampling tube (214) are connected to the hood cavity (11).

16. The artificial airway according to any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that, The endotracheal tube (30) has at least one gas sampling tube (214) and / or at least one drainage tube (213) in its wall.

Images