Communication transmission method, device, chip, storage medium, and program product

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method. The method comprises: a first device sends a first signal to a second device on a first transmission bandwidth, wherein the position of the first transmission bandwidth in frequency domain is related to a first frequency offset.

Description

A communication transmission method and device, chip, storage medium, and program product Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to a wireless communication method and device, chip, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] Ambient IoT (A-IoT) communication employs energy harvesting and backscatter communication technologies. An A-IoT device is an IoT device that uses various forms of environmental energy, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy, to power itself. Such devices may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using capacitors with a capacitance of tens of microfarads (µF)).

[0003] A-IoT supports many industrial applications, such as automated warehousing, smart homes, smart agriculture, and finding personal items. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a communication method and device, a chip, a storage medium, and a program product.

[0005] This application provides a communication method, the method comprising:

[0006] The first device sends a first signal to the second device over the first transmission bandwidth;

[0007] The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

[0008] This application provides a communication method, the method comprising:

[0009] The second device receives the first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth;

[0010] The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

[0011] This application provides a first device, including:

[0012] The first communication unit is configured to send a first signal to the second device over a first transmission bandwidth;

[0013] The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

[0014] This application provides a second device, including:

[0015] The second communication unit is configured to receive a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth;

[0016] The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

[0017] The communication device provided in this application embodiment can be either the first device or the second device in the above-described scheme. The communication device includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor calls and runs the computer program stored in the memory to execute the aforementioned wireless communication method.

[0018] The chip provided in this application embodiment is used to implement the above-described wireless communication method.

[0019] Specifically, the chip includes a processor for calling and running a computer program from a memory, causing a device equipped with the chip to perform the aforementioned wireless communication method.

[0020] The computer-readable storage medium provided in this application embodiment is used to store a computer program that causes a computer to execute the above-described wireless communication method.

[0021] The computer program product provided in this application includes computer program instructions that cause a computer to execute the above-described wireless communication method.

[0022] The computer program provided in this application embodiment, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the above-described wireless communication method.

[0023] Through the above technical solution, the first device sends a first signal to the second device on the first transmission bandwidth; the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset. By associating the first transmission bandwidth with the first frequency offset, the first transmission bandwidth is defined and clarified, thereby improving the efficiency of A-IoT communication. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication architecture provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the optional channel bandwidth provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the optional architecture of the wireless communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 is an optional flowchart of the wireless communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 5 is an optional flowchart of the wireless communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the optional first transmission bandwidth provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of optional frequency points that can be used for the first transmission bandwidth according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the bandwidth of the second device receiving the first signal according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the optional channel bandwidth of the first device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an optional first transmission bandwidth provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 11 is an optional flowchart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 12 is an optional flowchart of the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 13 is an optional schematic diagram of the first frequency range and the second frequency range provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the optional receiving bandwidth of the Reader provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the optional location of time and frequency resources under multiple device access scenarios provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the optional structural composition of the first device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the optional structural composition of the second device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 20 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 may include a terminal device 110 and a network device 120. The network device 120 can communicate with the terminal device 110 via an air interface. Multi-service transmission is supported between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120.

[0047] It should be understood that the embodiments of this application are only illustrated by way of example with communication system 100, but the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. That is to say, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Internet of Things (IoT) system, Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system, enhanced Machine-Type Communications (eMTC) system, 5G communication system (also known as New Radio (NR) communication system), 6G communication system, or future communication systems, etc.

[0048] In the communication system 100 shown in Figure 1, network device 120 may be an access network device that communicates with terminal device 110. The access network device can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area and can communicate with terminal device 110 (e.g., UE) located within that coverage area.

[0049] Network device 120 may be an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN) device, or a base station (gNB) in an NR system, or a base station in a 6G system, or a radio controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN), or the network device 120 may be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, hub, switch, bridge, router, or network equipment in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), etc.

[0050] Terminal device 110 can be any terminal device, including but not limited to terminal devices that are connected to network device 120 or other terminal devices via wired or wireless connections.

[0051] For example, the terminal device 110 can refer to an access terminal, user equipment (UE), user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. The access terminal can be a cellular phone, cordless phone, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, IoT device, satellite handheld terminal, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle device, wearable device, terminal device in a 5G network, terminal device in a 6G network, or terminal device in a future evolved network, etc.

[0052] Terminal device 110 can be used for device-to-device (D2D) communication.

[0053] The communication system 100 may also include a core network device 130 that communicates with the network device 120. The core network device 130 may be a 5G core network (5G Core, 5GC) device. For example, the 5GC device may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) network elements, Location Management Function (LMF) network elements, Unified Data Management (UDM) network elements, Network Exposure Function (NEF) network elements, Application Function (AF) network elements, Network Function (NF) network elements, Home Gateway Mobile Location Center (H-GMLC) network elements, Visited Gateway Mobile Location Center (V-GMLC) network elements, Location Services Client (LCS Client), etc.

[0054] It should be noted that core network device 130 can also be an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) device for LTE networks, such as a Session Management Function + Core Packet Gateway (SMF+PGW-C) device. It should be understood that SMF+PGW-C can simultaneously implement the functions of both SMF and PGW-C.

[0055] It should also be noted that during network evolution, the aforementioned core network equipment may be called by other names, or new network entities may be formed by dividing the functions of the core network. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0056] Figure 1 exemplarily illustrates a network device, a core network device, and two terminal devices. Optionally, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices, and each network device may include other numbers of terminal devices within its coverage area. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0057] It should be noted that Figure 1 is merely an example illustrating the system to which this application applies. Of course, the method shown in the embodiments of this application can also be applied to other systems. Furthermore, the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this document. The term "and / or" in this document merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. It should also be understood that "instruction" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a related relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, for example, A instructs C, B can be obtained through C; or it can mean that there is a related relationship between A and B. It should also be understood that "correspondence" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or an related relationship between two things, or a relationship of instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured, etc. It should also be understood that the "predefined" or "predefined rules" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices), and this application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to those defined in a protocol. It should also be understood that in the embodiments of this application, the "protocol" can refer to standard protocols in the field of communication, such as LTE protocol, NR protocol, and related protocols applied to future communication systems, and this application does not limit this.

[0058] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the relevant technologies of the embodiments of this application are described below. The following relevant technologies are optional solutions and can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application in any way, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0059] 5G NR Channel Bandwidth Configuration Scheme

[0060] As shown in Figure 2 below, the channel bandwidth of 5G NR is determined by the number of configurable RBs (N is the number of RBs included in the configurable transmission bandwidth). RBThe actual number of RBs used (the number of RBs included in the transmission bandwidth), plus the guard band, constitutes the terminal's channel bandwidth. The number of RBs and the corresponding guard band can be configured differently depending on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and channel bandwidth, as shown in Tables 1 and 2 (including Tables 2.1 and 2.2). In Tables 1 and 2, the unit for subcarrier spacing (SCS) is kHz, and the unit for channel bandwidth (CBW) is MHz. The unit for guard bandwidth in Table 2 is kHz.

[0061] Table 1. Channel Bandwidth and Maximum Configurable Channel Bandwidth

[0062] Table 2.1: Channel bandwidth and its minimum guard bandwidth

[0063] Table 2.2: Channel bandwidth and its minimum guard bandwidth

[0064] Here, N / A indicates that it is not applicable.

[0065] Ambient Power Enabled IoT (A-IoT), a key application of 5G-A, relies on reflected carrier wave (CW) signals for device-to-reader (D2R) transmission as a crucial component of 5G-A. As shown in Figure 3, the CW node transmits a fixed-frequency CW signal to the device. The device modulates the on-off keying (OOK) by adjusting the capacitance and resistance of its reflection circuit, and adjusts the chip rate to change the transmission period in the time domain, resulting in a small frequency shift. The reflected D2R signal ultimately reaches the reader, allowing the reader to obtain the corresponding device information.

[0066] CW (Call-Wave) is a single-tone signal, occupying only one point in the frequency domain. However, in practical applications, the CW signal generated by the CW node has a certain bandwidth. Furthermore, the small frequency shift generated during device reflection makes it feasible for the reader to simultaneously receive D2R signals from multiple devices. For the same reader, using Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) on the device can help the reader connect to multiple devices, speeding up response times and saving inventory time.

[0067] In related technologies, A-IOT has not yet defined the D2R channel bandwidth, so there is no way to further define other RF specifications for the device. Furthermore, after obtaining the corresponding bandwidth, the device can implement FDM access and operating modes based on the bandwidth and frequency shift, but there is currently no well-defined method for this.

[0068] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions of this application are described in detail below through specific embodiments. The above-mentioned related technologies are optional solutions and can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0069] This application provides a wireless communication method applied to a first device, as shown in FIG4. The method may include the following steps:

[0070] S401, the first device sends a first signal to the second device over a first transmission bandwidth; the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to a first frequency offset.

[0071] This application provides a wireless communication method applied to a second device, as shown in FIG5. The method may include the following steps:

[0072] S501, the second device receives the first signal sent by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth; the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

[0073] The wireless communication method shown in Figure 4 or Figure 5 will now be described.

[0074] Both the first device and the second device can be nodes in the environmental Internet of Things (IoT).

[0075] The first device is a terminal device or an A-IoT terminal or device. The first device can be connected to the network device through an intermediate device or a relay terminal.

[0076] In some embodiments, the first device may be understood as a tag or a terminal having a tag.

[0077] The second device is an intermediate device, relay device, or network device.

[0078] In some embodiments, the second device can be understood as a reader or interrogator or an intermediate UE with a reader, i.e., an intermediate node, a relay terminal, or a network device.

[0079] The first device sends a first signal to the second device over the first transmission bandwidth. The first signal is the signal sent from the first device to the second device, which can be understood as a D2R signal.

[0080] The first transmission bandwidth can be understood as the bandwidth of the first device used for D2R transmission. The first transmission bandwidth may be the same or different for different D2R signals.

[0081] The position of the first transmission bandwidth of the first device in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset, which can be understood as the frequency offset used to determine the first transmission bandwidth.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first frequency offset may be the frequency offset of the first transmission bandwidth relative to the first frequency point.

[0083] The frequency offset between the first transmission bandwidth and the first frequency point can be understood as the frequency offset of the second frequency point relative to the first frequency point, or the frequency interval between the first and second frequency points. Here, the first frequency point is a predefined frequency point or the center frequency point of the CW signal received by the first device. The second frequency point is a frequency point within the first transmission bandwidth. In one example, the second frequency point is the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth. In another example, the second frequency point is a boundary frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth, for example, the second frequency point is the frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth closest to the first frequency point. In yet another example, the second frequency point is the frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth farthest from the first frequency point.

[0084] In some embodiments, two first transmission bandwidths symmetrical with respect to a first frequency point may be included. A first device transmits a first signal on the two first transmission bandwidths, and a second device receives the first signal transmitted by the first device on the two first transmission bandwidths.

[0085] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can determine the first transmission bandwidth based on the first frequency offset and the first frequency point.

[0086] In this embodiment of the application, the corresponding first frequency offset may be the same or different for different first devices.

[0087] For different D2R signals from the first device, the first frequency offset may be the same or different.

[0088] In this embodiment, the first device sends a first signal to the second device on a first transmission bandwidth; the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset. The first transmission bandwidth is associated with the first frequency offset to define the first transmission bandwidth and clarify the first transmission bandwidth, thereby improving the efficiency of A-IoT communication.

[0089] In some embodiments, the first frequency point is the center frequency point of the carrier signal received by the first device, and the second frequency point is the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0090] The carrier signal here can be understood as the CW signal sent by the CW node.

[0091] In some embodiments, the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset and the first frequency point, wherein the first frequency offset is the offset between the first frequency point and the second frequency point;

[0092] The first frequency point is the center frequency point of the carrier signal received by the first device, and the second frequency point is the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0093] In this embodiment of the application, the first frequency point can be represented as F. CW The first frequency offset can be expressed as F shift .

[0094] As shown in Figure 6, it includes a first transmission bandwidth 601 and a first transmission bandwidth 602, wherein the center frequency of the first transmission bandwidth 601 is relative to F. CW The frequency offset is the first frequency offset F shift The center frequency of the first transmission bandwidth 602 is relative to F CW The frequency offset is the first frequency offset F shift .

[0095] In some embodiments, the first frequency offset includes a first number of frequency offset units.

[0096] The frequency offset unit can be understood as the granularity of the first frequency offset, which is granular with the frequency offset unit as the unit.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first quantity corresponding to different first devices may be the same or different. The first quantity is a positive integer.

[0098] In one example, the first device connected to the second device includes the following devices: device 1, device 2, device 3 and device 4, wherein the first frequency offset of device 1 includes 1 frequency offset unit, the first frequency offset of device 2 includes 2 frequency offset units, the first frequency offset of device 3 includes 3 frequency offset units, and the first frequency offset of device 4 includes 4 frequency offset units.

[0099] In one example, the first device connected to the second device includes the following devices: device 1, device 2 and device 3, wherein the first frequency offset of device 1 includes 2 frequency offset units, the first frequency offset of device 2 includes 2 frequency offset units, and the first frequency offset of device 3 includes 2 frequency offset units.

[0100] In one example, the first device connected to the second device includes the following devices: device 1, device 2, device 3 and device 4, wherein the first frequency offset of device 1 includes 1 frequency offset unit, the first frequency offset of device 2 includes 2 frequency offset units, the first frequency offset of device 3 includes 3 frequency offset units, and the first frequency offset of device 4 includes 1 frequency offset unit.

[0101] In some embodiments, the frequency offset unit is predefined; or, the frequency offset unit is pre-configured in the first device or determined based on the implementation of the first device.

[0102] The predefined frequency offset unit can be understood as the frequency offset amount unit being fixed. If the frequency offset unit is fixed, then the first frequency offset can be considered fixed.

[0103] The predefined frequency offset unit can be a Hz, where a is a fixed value. In one example, the predefined frequency offset unit could be 15kHz.

[0104] In one example, the predefined frequency offset unit can be 15 kHz. The first device connected to the second device includes the following devices: device 1, device 2, device 3 and device 4, wherein the first frequency offset of device 1 is 15 kHz, the first frequency offset of device 2 is 30 kHz, the first frequency offset of device 3 is 45 kHz, and the first frequency offset of device 4 is 60 kHz.

[0105] In one example, the predefined frequency offset unit can be 15 kHz. The first device connected to the second device includes the following devices: device 1, device 2 and device 3, wherein the first frequency offset of device 1 is 30 kHz, the first frequency offset of device 2 is 30 kHz, and the first frequency offset of device 3 is 30 kHz.

[0106] In one example, the predefined frequency offset unit can be 15 kHz. The first device connected to the second device includes the following devices: device 1, device 2 and device 3, wherein the first frequency offset of device 1 is 15 kHz, the first frequency offset of device 2 is 15 kHz, and the first frequency offset of device 3 is 15 kHz.

[0107] In one example, the predefined frequency offset unit can be 15 kHz. The first device connected to the second device includes the following devices: device 1, device 2, device 3 and device 4, wherein the first frequency offset of device 1 is 15 kHz, the first frequency offset of device 2 is 30 kHz, the first frequency offset of device 3 is 45 kHz, and the first frequency offset of device 4 is 15 kHz.

[0108] In this embodiment of the application, with the frequency offset unit predefined, one frequency offset unit can be understood as a channel raster, and the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth is located at the raster point between the channel rasters. In this case, the first frequency offset can be considered fixed.

[0109] In one example, the frequency point that can be used for the center frequency of the first transmission bandwidth can be on the grid points shown in Figure 7, where BW D2R This is the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0110] Understandably, if the frequency offset unit is predefined, both the first and second devices can know about the frequency offset unit.

[0111] In this embodiment of the application, the grid points between the channel grids are fixed frequency points. Therefore, the first device transmits D2R signals based on fixed frequency points, which simplifies the transmission of D2R signals.

[0112] The frequency offset unit is pre-configured in the first device or determined based on the implementation of the first device, which can be understood as the frequency offset unit being adjustable or flexible. In this case, the first frequency offset amount can be considered adjustable or flexible.

[0113] The flexible or adjustable frequency offset unit is bHz, and the value of b is pre-configured in the first device or determined based on the implementation of the first device. The value of b can be any value. In one example, the value of b is 1k, that is, the frequency offset unit is 1kHz. In another example, the value of b is m*15k, that is, the frequency offset unit is m*15kHz, where m is a positive integer. When the value of b is m*15kHz, the channel grid can be 15kHz, and the center frequency of the first transmission bandwidth is located on the grid point between the channel grids.

[0114] In this embodiment, the frequency offset unit is flexible or adjustable, which improves the flexibility of transmission bandwidth and the utilization rate of frequency domain resources.

[0115] In some embodiments, the second device receives a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth, including:

[0116] The second device receives the first signal in one of the following ways:

[0117] The first bandwidth is the receiving bandwidth supported by the second device;

[0118] Multiple second bandwidths, wherein different second bandwidths are associated with different first frequency offsets;

[0119] The third bandwidth is the largest channel bandwidth among the channel bandwidths of one or more first devices.

[0120] The first bandwidth can be understood as the entire receiving bandwidth. Within the first bandwidth, it is possible to receive the first signal transmitted on any given first transmission bandwidth.

[0121] When the frequency offset unit of the first transmission bandwidth is predefined, the second device receiving the first signal on the first bandwidth may include: the second device receiving the first signal at grid points in the first bandwidth.

[0122] In one example, as shown in Figure 8, the center frequency of the first transmission bandwidth is located at any grid point between the channel grids, and the second device receives the first signal at each grid point in the first bandwidth.

[0123] In this embodiment of the application, receiving the first signal on the first bandwidth is the simplest way to implement D2R reception.

[0124] The second bandwidth can be understood as the bandwidth associated with different first frequency offsets. For a given first frequency offset, the second bandwidth associated with that first frequency offset is used to transmit a first signal transmitted on a first transmission bandwidth determined by that first frequency offset. In one example, bandwidth A associated with first frequency offset A is used to transmit a first signal transmitted on transmission bandwidth 1, where transmission bandwidth 1 is related to first frequency offset A; bandwidth B associated with first frequency offset B is used to transmit a first signal transmitted on transmission bandwidth 2, where transmission bandwidth 2 is related to first frequency offset B. Different second bandwidths are used to receive first signals transmitted on different first transmission bandwidths.

[0125] In this embodiment of the application, a resource pool may be set in the second device, which is configured with multiple time-domain resources and / or frequency-domain resources of the second bandwidth.

[0126] The third bandwidth can be understood as the largest channel bandwidth among the channel bandwidths of multiple first devices, on which the first signals sent by the multiple first devices can be received.

[0127] With the frequency offset unit fixed, both the first device and the second device can know the possible first frequency offset. At this time, the second device receives the first signal on any one of the first bandwidth, multiple second bandwidths, or third bandwidth.

[0128] When the frequency offset unit is adjustable, the first device reports its own first frequency offset. Before the first device reports its first frequency offset, the second device is unaware of the first frequency offset of the first signal transmitted by the first device. After the first device reports its first frequency offset, the second device becomes aware of the first frequency offset of the first signal transmitted by the first device. In this embodiment, before the second device becomes unaware of the first frequency offset of the first signal transmitted by the first device, it can receive the first signal transmitted by one or more first devices on a first bandwidth or multiple second bandwidths. In this embodiment, after the second device becomes aware of the first frequency offset of the first signal transmitted by the first device, it can receive the first signal transmitted by one or more first devices on a first bandwidth or a third bandwidth.

[0129] In some embodiments, the channel bandwidth of the first device is related to the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth and the first frequency offset.

[0130] The channel bandwidth of the first device can be understood as the channel bandwidth used for the first device, wherein the first transmission bandwidth is a portion of the channel bandwidth of the first device.

[0131] The channel bandwidth of the first device is related to the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth and the first frequency offset.

[0132] In one example, the first frequency offset is the frequency offset between the center frequency of the first transmission bandwidth and the center frequency of the carrier signal received by the first device. Then, the channel bandwidth of the first device, as shown in Figure 9, is the sum of the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth and the two first frequency offsets, and can be expressed as BW. D2R +2F shift Among them, BW D2R This is the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0133] In this embodiment of the application, the first device can access the second device based on a random access procedure, and after accessing the second device, it can transmit data with the second device.

[0134] In some embodiments, the first signal is used to carry a first message during the random access process.

[0135] In this case, the first signal is used in the random access procedure. The first message can be referred to as the D2R message in the access procedure.

[0136] The first message may include one or more of the following messages: message 1, message 3.

[0137] In some embodiments, the random access process for the first device to access the second device may include:

[0138] The first device sends message 1 (MSG1) to the second device;

[0139] The second device returns message 2 (MSG2) to the first device;

[0140] The first device sends message 3 (MSG3) to the second device.

[0141] Among them, message 1 and message 3 are D2R messages, and message 2 is an R2D message.

[0142] In some embodiments, different first devices are connected to the second device via FDM.

[0143] Different first devices send first messages at the same time based on their corresponding first transmission bandwidths. Understandably, the first transmission bandwidths corresponding to different first devices may be at the same or different positions in the frequency domain.

[0144] For multiple first devices with the same first frequency offset, the first transmission bandwidth of the multiple first devices is located at the same position in the frequency domain.

[0145] For multiple first devices with different first frequency offsets, the first transmission bandwidth of these multiple first devices is located at different positions in the frequency domain.

[0146] In some embodiments, S401 the first device sends a first signal to the second device over a first transmission bandwidth, including:

[0147] The first device repeatedly sends the first message to the second device in the time domain based on the first transmission bandwidth.

[0148] In some embodiments, S501 the second device receives a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth, including:

[0149] The second device receives the first message repeatedly transmitted by the first device in the time domain based on the first transmission bandwidth.

[0150] In this embodiment, when multiple first devices access a second device, since different first devices cannot know the first frequency offset used by other first devices during initial access, i.e., they cannot know the position of the first transmission bandwidth of other first devices during the initial access process, collisions or conflicts may occur between the multiple first devices in the time domain. The first devices retransmit the first message in the time domain to address the situation where collisions occur between different first devices in the time domain during the access process.

[0151] In some embodiments, the retransmission period of the first message of the first device is predefined.

[0152] The retransmission period of the first message can be understood as the access period of D2R. Based on this access period, the first device repeatedly sends the first message to the second device in the time domain.

[0153] In some embodiments, for the first device, the method further includes:

[0154] The first device receives a second message sent by the second device, the second message being used in response to the first message.

[0155] In some embodiments, for the second device, the method further includes:

[0156] The second device sends a second message to the first device, the second message being a response to the first message.

[0157] The first device periodically sends a first message to the second device. Upon receiving the first message, the second device responds with a second message, which indicates that the first message has been received. The second message can be understood as a response to the first message.

[0158] In some embodiments, for the first device, the method further includes: the first device stopping the repeated transmission of the first message based on the receipt of the second message.

[0159] Understandably, the second message is used to trigger the cessation of sending the first message.

[0160] Here, the second message is used to indicate the receipt of the first message. When the first device receives the second message in response from the second device, it determines that the second device has successfully received the first message, and then stops sending the first message.

[0161] When multiple first devices send first messages at the same first frequency offset, if a second device receives a first message from a first device, it responds to the received first message based on a second message, causing that first device to stop sending first messages, while the other first devices continue to send first messages until they receive a second message from the second device.

[0162] In one example, devices 1 and 2 repeatedly transmit a first message using FDM on their respective first transmission bandwidths, where the first transmission bandwidths of devices 1 and 2 are at the same location. Device 2 receives the first message from device 1 and sends a second message to device 1. Device 1, upon receiving the second message, stops transmitting the first message. Meanwhile, device 2 continues transmitting the first message, which can be normally received by device 2. After receiving the first message from device 2, device 2 sends the second message to device 2. Device 2, upon receiving the second message, stops transmitting the first message.

[0163] In this embodiment of the application, the second message triggers the cessation of sending the repeatedly sent first message, thereby ensuring that the first message sent at the same first transmission bandwidth location is received by the second device.

[0164] In some embodiments, the first message includes a first preamble, the first preamble carrying first information, the first information being used to determine the first transmission bandwidth.

[0165] The first message, including the first preamble, may include: Message 1. The first information carried by the first message can be understood as transmission bandwidth information. When the second device receives the first preamble, it can determine the first transmission bandwidth of the first device based on the first information carried by the first preamble.

[0166] In some embodiments, the first information includes one or more of the following:

[0167] The second frequency offset is the first frequency offset used for the first message;

[0168] The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0169] The second frequency offset can be understood as the first frequency offset in the access process, and can also be called the access frequency offset. The access frequency offset is used to determine the position of the first transmission bandwidth used for the transmission of the first message in the frequency domain during the access process.

[0170] The second frequency offset is used for the first frequency offset of the first message. It can be understood that the second frequency offset is used to determine the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain, and the first transmission bandwidth is used to send the first message.

[0171] The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth can be understood as the size of the first transmission bandwidth. The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth can be expressed as BW. D2R In one example, BW D2R As shown in Figure 10.

[0172] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth may be predefined or preconfigured in the first device.

[0173] The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is predefined, and both the first device and the second device know the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0174] The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is pre-configured in the first device, and the first device knows the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0175] In one example, when the granularity of the first frequency offset, i.e., the frequency offset unit, is fixed and the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is pre-configured in the first device, the first information includes the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth, and the second device is informed of the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth through the first information.

[0176] In one example, where the granularity of the first frequency offset, i.e., the frequency offset unit, is adjustable and the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is predefined, the first information includes the second frequency offset, and the second device learns the location of the first transmission bandwidth through the first information.

[0177] In one example, where the granularity of the first frequency offset, i.e., the frequency offset unit, is adjustable and the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is pre-configured in the first device, the first information includes the second frequency offset and the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth. The first information enables the second device to know the location and bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0178] In some embodiments, the second device receives a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth, including:

[0179] The second device receives the first message on a first bandwidth, where the first bandwidth is the receiving bandwidth supported by the second device; or,

[0180] The second device receives the first message on multiple second bandwidths, wherein different second bandwidths are associated with different second frequency offsets.

[0181] In this embodiment of the application, before the second device receives the first information, i.e. before the second frequency offset of the first device sending the first message is determined, the first message sent by one or more first devices can be received on the first bandwidth or multiple second bandwidths.

[0182] In this embodiment of the application, after the second device receives the first information and determines the second frequency offset of the first device sending the first message, it can receive the first message sent by one or more first devices on the first bandwidth or the third bandwidth.

[0183] In some embodiments, the first signal is used to carry a third message sent by the first device in a connected state, the third message being used to carry data.

[0184] In this embodiment, after the first device accesses the second device based on the first message, it sends a third message on the first transmission bandwidth. The third message is used to report data to the second device. The third message can be understood as a D2R data message.

[0185] The position of the first transmission bandwidth used by the first device to send the third message in the frequency domain may be the same as or different from the position of the first transmission bandwidth used to send the first message in the frequency domain.

[0186] In some embodiments, different first devices send data to the second device in an FDM manner.

[0187] Different first devices send third messages at the same time based on their corresponding first transmission bandwidths. Understandably, the first transmission bandwidths of different first devices may be at the same or different positions in the frequency domain.

[0188] In some embodiments, the first frequency offset of the first transmission bandwidth for the first device to send the third message is the second frequency offset. In this case, the first frequency offset for the first message and the first frequency offset for the third message are the same frequency offset: the second frequency offset.

[0189] In some embodiments, for the first device, as shown in FIG11, the method further includes:

[0190] The first device receives a fourth message sent by the second device. The fourth message carries second information, which is used to indicate a third frequency offset. The third frequency offset is a first frequency offset used in the third message.

[0191] Accordingly, for the second device, as shown in Figure 12, the method further includes:

[0192] The second device sends a fourth message to the first device. The fourth message carries second information, which is used to indicate a third frequency offset. The third frequency offset is the first frequency offset used in the third message.

[0193] The fourth message can be understood as a configuration message for configuring the third frequency offset. The second message can be understood as configuration information for configuring the third frequency offset. The fourth message belongs to the R2D message category, i.e., a message sent from the second device to the first device.

[0194] The second device configures a third frequency offset to the first device through the second information. The first device determines a first transmission bandwidth for transmitting the third message based on the third frequency offset and sends the third message on the determined first transmission bandwidth.

[0195] The third frequency offset, which is the first frequency offset used for the third message, can be understood as the third frequency offset being used to determine the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain, and this first transmission bandwidth being used to send the third message. The third frequency offset can be called the operating frequency offset.

[0196] In this case, the first frequency offset used for the first message and the first frequency offset used for the third message are different frequency offsets, i.e., they are not the same frequency offset.

[0197] In some embodiments, the third frequency offset is located in the first frequency range, the second frequency offset is located in the second frequency range, the second frequency offset is the first frequency offset for the first message in the random access process, and the first frequency range and the second frequency range do not overlap.

[0198] The first frequency range is the frequency range used for the third frequency offset in the data transmission process. The first frequency range can be understood as the operating frequency range.

[0199] The second frequency range is the frequency range used for the second frequency offset during the access process. The second frequency range can be understood as the access frequency range.

[0200] The second device determines the third frequency offset based on the first frequency range and sends second information to the first device, which is used to indicate the third frequency offset.

[0201] The third frequency offset and the second frequency offset are located in different frequency ranges, and the first transmission bandwidth for transmitting the first message and the first transmission bandwidth for transmitting the third message are located in different frequency ranges. In this case, after the first device sends the first message based on the first transmission bandwidth related to the second frequency offset within the second frequency range, it sends the third message based on the first transmission bandwidth related to the third frequency offset within the first frequency range. This frees up the first transmission bandwidth related to the second frequency offset within the second frequency range, allowing other devices to access the network using this first transmission bandwidth within the second frequency range, increasing the possibility of access and reducing access latency.

[0202] It is understandable that leaving the first transmission bandwidth related to the second frequency offset within the second frequency range empty can be understood as leaving the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth related to the second frequency offset within the second frequency range empty.

[0203] In some embodiments, the third frequency offset is greater than the second frequency offset.

[0204] When the third frequency offset is greater than the second frequency offset, the first transmission bandwidth for sending the third message supports a higher data rate than the first transmission bandwidth for sending the first message, thereby achieving higher data transmission speed.

[0205] When the third frequency offset is greater than the second frequency offset and the third frequency offset is within the first frequency range and the second frequency offset is within the second frequency range, the first frequency range and the second frequency range can be as shown in Figure 13.

[0206] In some embodiments, the first message includes third information, which is used to indicate a fourth frequency offset, the fourth frequency offset being the maximum first frequency offset supported by the first device, and the fourth frequency offset being used to determine the third frequency offset.

[0207] The fourth frequency offset can be understood as the maximum frequency offset supported by the first device. The fourth frequency offset can also be understood as the offset range.

[0208] The second device determines a third frequency offset within the first frequency range based on a fourth frequency offset. The third frequency offset is less than or equal to the fourth frequency offset.

[0209] The fourth frequency offset can be understood as the frequency offset capability of the first device, and the third information is used to indicate the frequency offset capability of the first device. The third information can be understood as frequency offset capability information.

[0210] In this application embodiment, the frequency offset capability may be different for different first devices.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first preamble in the first message contains the third information.

[0212] The first preamble may include one or more bits for transmitting third information.

[0213] In some embodiments, the third information may be the value of a fourth frequency offset. In this case, the third information is a single number, and using only a single number can minimize the overhead of the first preamble.

[0214] In some embodiments, the fourth frequency offset is used to determine the third frequency offset using the second frequency offset.

[0215] The second device determines the third frequency offset within the first frequency range based on the second and fourth frequency offsets.

[0216] In one example, the fourth offset can be determined using the second frequency offset as the adjustment granularity. The second device uses the second frequency offset as the adjustment granularity to determine a third frequency offset within a first frequency range that is less than or equal to the fourth offset. In this case, the third frequency offset is an integer multiple of the second frequency offset.

[0217] Taking a second frequency offset of 15kHz as an example, the first preamble introduces a frequency offset capability indicator to indicate the offset range. Within this offset range, the second device can adjust the frequency offset of the first device according to the actual range of the received frequencies of the first device to obtain a third frequency offset, wherein the adjustment granularity is 15kHz.

[0218] With the second frequency offset as F shift1 For example, the first preamble introduces a frequency offset capability indicator to show the offset range. Within this offset range, the second device can adjust the frequency offset of the first device according to the actual range of the received frequencies of the first device to obtain a third frequency offset, where the granularity of the adjustment is F. shift1 .

[0219] The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific application scenarios.

[0220] In this embodiment, by defining the transmission bandwidth of D2R and linking it to the frequency shift, the bandwidth definition is made relevant to the device's bit rate. Furthermore, the defined frequency shift provides methods for the reader's D2R reception under both access and operational conditions in the FDM method.

[0221] Example 1: System Design for A-IoT Bandwidth

[0222] The bandwidth for D2R, as shown in Figure 10, includes the following parameters:

[0223] Parameter 1, CW frequency F CW This represents the center frequency point of CW node transmission.

[0224] Parameter 2, Frequency Offset F shift , for F CW The offset of the center frequency of the D2R transmission bandwidth, i.e. the first transmission bandwidth, can be achieved by repeating the Manchester coding of D2R R times and shortening the corresponding coding duration, thereby increasing the frequency of a single coding and thus achieving a small frequency offset of the CW frequency.

[0225] Parameter 3, Transmission Bandwidth (BW) D2R , is the actual width of the Device's D2R transmission bandwidth, which carries the information sent to the Reader via D2R.

[0226] In this embodiment of the application, the bandwidth design of the A-IoT system is defined as follows:

[0227] CW node's transmission center frequency F CW The selection is determined by the system deployment and is based on the local spectrum allocation at the beginning of the system deployment, without too many requirements.

[0228] Frequency offset F shift It can be fixed or flexible (adjustable).

[0229] Frequency offset F shift In a fixed case, it can be relative to F. CW Fixed frequency offset point. F CW These are pre-set frequency points by the system, determined during deployment based on the frequency allocation for the local area. shift The frequency 'a' can be a fixed value 'a' Hz, where 'a' is a fixed value. Therefore, as shown in Figure 7, the device can perform D2R transmissions on some fixed frequency points (na, where n is a positive integer). In one example, 15 kHz is used as the F... shift At this granularity, each 15kHz represents a channel raster capable of transmitting D2R.

[0230] Frequency offset F shift In the case of adjustment, the adjustable F shift It can be an integer multiple of a fixed value; for example, for a 15kHz channel raster, F... shift It can be defined as an integer multiple of 15kHz, i.e., m * 15kHz, where m can take the value of a positive integer. Adjustable F shift It can be any value, and the granularity can be distinguished using kHz as the smallest granularity. Here, F is any value. shift More often, it can be used in the scenario where the Reader is configured in Example 2.

[0231] BW D2R The actual bandwidth of data transfer from the device to the reader.

[0232] The actual bandwidth of the device is basically achieved by reflecting CW signals, so the bandwidth itself is limited. However, given the imperfections of CW signal generation, setting an integer multiple of 15kHz and the width of one or more subcarriers as the bandwidth of the entire D2R signal is acceptable.

[0233] Of course, other fixed values ​​can also be defined as the transmission bandwidth of D2R, such as c kHz in kHz, depending on the maximum bit rate requirement of the actual system transmission.

[0234] The D2R transmission bandwidth and channel raster designed based on the above method can ensure the orthogonality of D2R transmission. Different devices can perform D2R transmission on a fixed channel raster, which can eliminate interference between D2R and improve channel quality.

[0235] Example 2

[0236] After determining the transmission bandwidth and channel raster design for D2R in Example 1, Example 2 further designs the bandwidth access for D2R frequency division multiplexing (FDM).

[0237] (1) D2R FDM access under fixed raster point.

[0238] The D2R uplink transmits a string after OOK modulation. To improve system efficiency, the Device can use FDMA to access the Reader.

[0239] Based on the D2R transmission bandwidth design, for a defined fixed channel raster, the Reader can receive D2R uplink information on the defined channel raster. For example, if 15kHz is used as the channel raster, then uplink D2R from the Device can be received at every 15kHz raster point. Here, 15kHz is an example number, but it can also be other fixed frequency values. This achieves the simplest uplink reception, as shown in Figure 14. This scheme can achieve D2R access in the simplest way, but because of the fixed frequency point access and fixed bandwidth, the system's flexibility is relatively low.

[0240] For D2R access involving multiple devices, since different devices cannot know the F value at the time of their initial access... shift This method may result in more access collisions. Accordingly, time-domain retransmission can be further designed, and the D2R access period can be defined to deal with collisions with other devices during access.

[0241] In one example, the distribution of time-frequency resources is shown in Figure 15. Device 1, Device 2, and Device 3 are well staggered in the frequency domain according to a fixed raster point, thus enabling FDM access. However, Device 1 and Device 4 overlap in time-frequency resources, so it is necessary to wait for one of the Devices (such as Device 1) to complete the access and then stop sending D2R signals. In this way, the D2R transmitted by Device 4 can be received normally by the Reader.

[0242] In this embodiment, when multiple devices have overlapping time-frequency resources, they perform D2R retransmission. When a reader receives a D2R from a device, it sends a response message to that D2R. The device that receives the response message stops sending its own D2R signal. In one example, for Device 1 and Device 4 in Figure 15, Device 1 and Device 4 send D2R signals. When Device 1 receives the response message from the reader, it stops sending D2R signals. At this time, Device 4 does not have any devices with overlapping time-frequency resources. Device 4 stops sending D2R signals when it receives the response message from the reader.

[0243] (2) D2R FDM access under adjustable raster point

[0244] The bandwidth BW carrying D2R on the preamble D2R , and F shift This allows the Reader to receive data across the entire receive bandwidth, enabling simultaneous reception of multiple pre-ambles (pre-ambles of multiple devices), and in the corresponding F... shift and BW D2R The corresponding D2R transmission data can be found online. This method allows for greater flexibility in device access.

[0245] BW that can be carried on the pre-amble of the device uplink D2R and F shift Establish a resource pool, and only time-frequency resources that are matched in the resource pool can be used for BW transmission. D2R and F shift While this reduces some flexibility, it also reduces the potential redundancy and overlap of D2R time and frequency resources for the device, enabling better D2R FDM access.

[0246] After the access process is completed, the Reader can further schedule and adjust the D2R transmission based on the information carried by the Device in the D2R.

[0247] For access F shift A smaller frequency shift range can be set, while a larger frequency shift can be set for subsequent D2R transmissions that require a higher data rate. As shown in Figure 13, the access F... shift It can be located within the access frequency range, and the F operates shift It can be within the operating frequency range.

[0248] When a Device performs D2R access within the access frequency range, the Reader receives the corresponding Preamble and can obtain the F value of the accessed D2R bandwidth. shift and BW D2R To avoid time-frequency resource conflicts when other devices connect later, the Reader can send R2D control signals to the Device and configure the Device's F... shift By operating within the operating frequency range, frequency points within that range can be freed up for other devices to access, increasing the possibility of access and reducing access latency.

[0249] Furthermore, considering that different devices may have varying frequency offset capabilities, an additional capability is introduced in the pre-amble to represent the frequency offset capability. Only one number is used here to minimize the overhead of the D2R pre-amble. Based on fixed and adjustable F... shift The following solutions will be further explained:

[0250] For a fixed F shift Based on the description in Example 2(1), for example for 15kHz F shift The frequency offset capability introduced in the pre-amble should be the maximum frequency offset value that it can offset within the frequency band. Within this offset range, the Reader can adjust the D2R uplink frequency of the device according to the actual connected device and the range of its receiving frequencies. The granularity of this adjustment can be 15kHz, which is the minimum value of the predefined channel raster.

[0251] For adjustable F shift Based on the description in Example 2 (2), for example, the reported frequency offset is F shift1The introduced frequency offset capability should be the maximum frequency offset value that it can offset within the frequency band. Within this offset range, the Reader can adjust the D2R uplink frequency of the device according to the actual connected device and the range of its receiving frequencies. The granularity of this adjustment can be F. shift1 .

[0252] In this embodiment of the application, the uplink D2R transmission bandwidth of the A-IOT device is defined, and the uplink access scheme of FDM is implemented. Furthermore, through the scheduling of the Reader, the feasibility of access is increased, the access latency is reduced, and the D2R transmission is better scheduled.

[0253] The preferred embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this application, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this application, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this application. For example, the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, this application will not describe the various possible combinations separately. Furthermore, various different embodiments of this application can also be arbitrarily combined, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this application, they should also be considered as the content disclosed in this application. Moreover, without conflict, the various embodiments and / or the technical features in the various embodiments described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with the prior art, and the resulting technical solutions should also fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0254] It should also be understood that in the various method embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the terms "downlink," "uplink," and "sidelink" are used to indicate the transmission direction of signals or data. "Downlink" indicates that the transmission direction of signals or data is a first direction from the site to the user equipment in the cell; "uplink" indicates that the transmission direction of signals or data is a second direction from the user equipment in the cell to the site; and "sidelink" indicates that the transmission direction of signals or data is a third direction from user equipment 1 to user equipment 2. For example, "downlink signal" indicates that the transmission direction of the signal is the first direction. Additionally, in the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. Specifically, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0255] Based on the foregoing embodiments, this application provides corresponding communication devices.

[0256] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 15, the first device 1500 includes:

[0257] The first communication unit 1601 is configured to send a first signal to the second device over a first transmission bandwidth;

[0258] The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

[0259] In some embodiments, the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset and the first frequency point, wherein the first frequency offset is the offset between the first frequency point and the second frequency point;

[0260] The first frequency point is the center frequency point of the carrier signal received by the first device, and the second frequency point is the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0261] In some embodiments, the first frequency offset includes a first number of frequency offset units.

[0262] In some embodiments, the first quantity corresponding to different first devices may be the same or different.

[0263] In some embodiments, the frequency offset unit is predefined; or,

[0264] The frequency offset unit is pre-configured in the first device or determined based on the implementation of the first device.

[0265] In some embodiments, the first signal is used to carry a first message during the random access process.

[0266] In some embodiments, different first devices are connected to the second device in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner.

[0267] In some embodiments, the first device sends a first signal to the second device over a first transmission bandwidth, including:

[0268] The first device repeatedly sends the first message to the second device in the time domain based on the first transmission bandwidth.

[0269] In some embodiments, the first communication unit 1601 is further configured to receive a second message sent by the second device, the second message being used to respond to the first message.

[0270] In some embodiments, the first communication unit 1601 is further configured to stop the repeated transmission of the first message based on the receipt of the second message.

[0271] In some embodiments, the first message includes a first preamble, the first preamble carrying first information, the first information being used to determine the first transmission bandwidth.

[0272] In some embodiments, the first information includes one or more of the following:

[0273] The second frequency offset is the first frequency offset used for the first message;

[0274] The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0275] In some embodiments, the first signal is used to carry a third message sent by the first device in a connected state, the third message being used to carry data.

[0276] In some embodiments, different first devices send data to the second device in an FDM manner.

[0277] In some embodiments, the first communication unit 1601 is further configured to receive a fourth message sent by the second device, the fourth message carrying second information, the second information being used to indicate a third frequency offset, the third frequency offset being a first frequency offset used in the third message.

[0278] In some embodiments, the third frequency offset is located in the first frequency range, the second frequency offset is located in the second frequency range, the second frequency offset is the first frequency offset for the first message in the random access process, and the first frequency range and the second frequency range do not overlap.

[0279] In some embodiments, the third frequency offset is greater than the second frequency offset.

[0280] In some embodiments, the first message includes third information, which is used to indicate a fourth frequency offset, the fourth frequency offset being the maximum first frequency offset supported by the first device, and the fourth frequency offset being used to determine the third frequency offset.

[0281] In some embodiments, the first preamble in the first message contains the third information.

[0282] In some embodiments, the fourth frequency offset is used to determine the third frequency offset using the second frequency offset.

[0283] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is predefined; or,

[0284] The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is pre-configured in the first device.

[0285] In some embodiments, the channel bandwidth of the first device is related to the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth and the first frequency offset.

[0286] The first communication unit in the first device can be implemented by the transceiver in the first device.

[0287] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second device provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 17, the second device 1700 includes:

[0288] The second communication unit 1701 is configured to receive a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth;

[0289] The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

[0290] In some embodiments, the position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset and the first frequency point, wherein the first frequency offset is the offset between the first frequency point and the second frequency point;

[0291] The first frequency point is the center frequency point of the carrier signal received by the first device, and the second frequency point is the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0292] In some embodiments, the first frequency offset includes a first number of frequency offset units.

[0293] In some embodiments, the first quantity corresponding to different first devices may be the same or different.

[0294] In some embodiments, the frequency offset unit is predefined; or,

[0295] The frequency offset unit is pre-configured in the first device or determined based on the implementation of the first device.

[0296] In some embodiments, the second communication unit 1701 is further configured to receive the first signal in one of the following ways:

[0297] The first bandwidth is the receiving bandwidth supported by the second device;

[0298] Multiple second bandwidths, wherein different second bandwidths are associated with different first frequency offsets;

[0299] The third bandwidth is the largest channel bandwidth among the channel bandwidths of one or more first devices.

[0300] In some embodiments, the first signal is used to carry a first message during the random access process.

[0301] In some embodiments, different first devices are connected to the second device in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner.

[0302] In some embodiments, the second communication unit 1701 is further configured to receive the first message repeatedly transmitted by the first device in the time domain based on the first transmission bandwidth.

[0303] In some embodiments, the second communication unit 1701 is further configured to send a second message to the first device, the second message being used to respond to the first message.

[0304] In some embodiments, the first message is used to trigger the cessation of sending the first message.

[0305] In some embodiments, the first message includes a first preamble, the first preamble carrying first information, the first information being used to determine the first transmission bandwidth.

[0306] In some embodiments, the first information includes one or more of the following:

[0307] The second frequency offset is the first frequency offset used for the first message;

[0308] The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

[0309] In some embodiments, the second communication unit 1701 is further configured to receive the first message on a first bandwidth, wherein the first bandwidth is the receiving bandwidth supported by the second device.

[0310] In some embodiments, the second communication unit 1701 is further configured to receive the first message on a plurality of second bandwidths, wherein different second bandwidths are associated with different second frequency offsets.

[0311] In some embodiments, the first signal is used to carry a third message sent by the first device in a connected state, the third message being used to carry data.

[0312] In some embodiments, different first devices send data to the second device in an FDM manner.

[0313] In some embodiments, the second communication unit 1701 is further configured to send a fourth message to the first device, the fourth message carrying second information, the second information being used to indicate a third frequency offset, the third frequency offset being a first frequency offset used in the third message.

[0314] In some embodiments, the third frequency offset is located in the first frequency range, the second frequency offset is located in the second frequency range, the second frequency offset is the first frequency offset for the first message in the random access process, and the first frequency range and the second frequency range do not overlap.

[0315] In some embodiments, the third frequency offset is greater than the second frequency offset.

[0316] In some embodiments, the first message includes third information, which is used to indicate a fourth frequency offset, the fourth frequency offset being the maximum first frequency offset supported by the first device, and the fourth frequency offset being used to determine the third frequency offset.

[0317] In some embodiments, the first preamble in the first message contains the third information.

[0318] In some embodiments, the fourth frequency offset is used to determine the third frequency offset using the second frequency offset.

[0319] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is predefined; or,

[0320] The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is pre-configured in the first device.

[0321] In some embodiments, the channel bandwidth of the first device is related to the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth and the first frequency offset.

[0322] The second communication unit in the second device can be implemented by the transceiver in the second device.

[0323] Those skilled in the art should understand that the description of the communication device in the embodiments of this application can be understood with reference to the description of the communication method in the embodiments of this application.

[0324] Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device can be a first device or a second device. The communication device 1800 shown in Figure 18 includes a processor 1810, which can call and run computer programs from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.

[0325] Optionally, as shown in FIG18, the communication device 1800 may further include a memory 1820. The processor 1810 may retrieve and run computer programs from the memory 1820 to implement the methods described in the embodiments of this application.

[0326] The memory 1820 can be a separate device independent of the processor 1810, or it can be integrated into the processor 1810.

[0327] Optionally, as shown in FIG18, the communication device 1800 may further include a transceiver 1830, and the processor 1810 may control the transceiver 1830 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, it may send information or data to other devices or receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0328] The transceiver 1830 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1830 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0329] Optionally, the communication device 1800 may specifically be the first device in the embodiments of this application, and the communication device 1800 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0330] Optionally, the communication device 1800 may specifically be the second device in the embodiments of this application, and the communication device 1800 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0331] Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of this application. The chip 1900 shown in Figure 19 includes a processor 1910, which can call and run computer programs from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.

[0332] Optionally, as shown in FIG19, chip 1900 may further include memory 1920. Processor 1910 can call and run computer programs from memory 1920 to implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.

[0333] The memory 1920 can be a separate device independent of the processor 1910, or it can be integrated into the processor 1910.

[0334] Optionally, the chip 1900 may also include an input interface 1930. The processor 1910 can control the input interface 1930 to communicate with other devices or chips; specifically, it can acquire information or data sent by other devices or chips.

[0335] Optionally, the chip 1900 may also include an output interface 1940. The processor 1910 can control the output interface 1940 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0336] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of this application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0337] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of this application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0338] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0339] This application also provides a computer storage medium storing one or more programs, which can be executed by one or more processors to implement the methods in this application.

[0340] Figure 20 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 20, the communication system 2000 includes a first device 2010 and a second device 2020.

[0341] The first device 2010 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the first device in the above method, and the second node 2020 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the second device in the above method. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0342] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor described above can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0343] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0344] It should be understood that the above-described memory is exemplary and not a limiting description. For example, the memory in the embodiments of this application may also be static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DR RAM), etc. That is to say, the memory in the embodiments of this application is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0345] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer programs.

[0346] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0347] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0348] This application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions.

[0349] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0350] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0351] This application also provides a computer program.

[0352] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of this application. When the computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0353] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of this application. When the computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0354] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0355] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0356] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0357] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0358] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0359] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0360] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, the method comprising: The first device sends a first signal to the second device over the first transmission bandwidth; The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset and the first frequency point, where the first frequency offset is the offset between the first frequency point and the second frequency point. The first frequency point is the center frequency point of the carrier signal received by the first device, and the second frequency point is the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The first frequency offset includes a first number of frequency offset units.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The first quantity corresponding to different first devices may be the same or different.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, The frequency offset unit is predefined; or, The frequency offset unit is pre-configured in the first device or determined based on the implementation of the first device.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The first signal is used to carry the first message during the random access process.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, Different first devices are connected to the second device in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, The first device sends a first signal to the second device over the first transmission bandwidth, including: The first device repeatedly sends the first message to the second device in the time domain based on the first transmission bandwidth.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The method further includes: The first device receives a second message sent by the second device, the second message being used in response to the first message.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The method further includes: The first device stops repeatedly sending the first message based on the receipt of the second message.

11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein, The first message includes a first preamble, which carries first information used to determine the first transmission bandwidth.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The first information includes one or more of the following: The second frequency offset is the first frequency offset used for the first message; The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The first signal is used to carry a third message sent by the first device in the connected state, and the third message is used to carry data.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, Different first devices send data to the second device in an FDM manner.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein, The method further includes: The first device receives a fourth message sent by the second device. The fourth message carries second information, which is used to indicate a third frequency offset. The third frequency offset is a first frequency offset used in the third message.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The third frequency offset is located in the first frequency range, and the second frequency offset is located in the second frequency range. The second frequency offset is the first frequency offset of the first message used in the random access process. The first frequency range and the second frequency range do not overlap.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The third frequency offset is greater than the second frequency offset.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, The first message contains third information, which is used to indicate a fourth frequency offset, which is the maximum first frequency offset supported by the first device, and the fourth frequency offset is used to determine the third frequency offset.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The first preamble in the first message contains the third information.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein, The fourth frequency offset is used to determine the third frequency offset using the second frequency offset.

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is predefined; or, The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is pre-configured in the first device.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein, The channel bandwidth of the first device is related to the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth and the first frequency offset.

23. A wireless communication method, the method comprising: The second device receives the first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth; The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset and the first frequency point, where the first frequency offset is the offset between the first frequency point and the second frequency point. The first frequency point is the center frequency point of the carrier signal received by the first device, and the second frequency point is the center frequency point of the first transmission bandwidth.

25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, wherein, The first frequency offset includes a first number of frequency offset units.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein, The first quantity corresponding to different first devices may be the same or different.

27. The method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein, The frequency offset unit is predefined; or, The frequency offset unit is pre-configured in the first device or determined based on the implementation of the first device.

28. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein, The second device receives a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth, including: The second device receives the first signal in one of the following ways: The first bandwidth is the receiving bandwidth supported by the second device; Multiple second bandwidths, wherein different second bandwidths are associated with different first frequency offsets; The third bandwidth is the largest channel bandwidth among the channel bandwidths of one or more first devices.

29. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein, The first signal is used to carry the first message during the random access process.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, Different first devices are connected to the second device in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) manner.

31. The method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein, The second device receives a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth, including: The second device receives the first message repeatedly transmitted by the first device in the time domain based on the first transmission bandwidth.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein, The method further includes: The second device sends a second message to the first device, the second message being a response to the first message.

33. The method according to claim 32, wherein, The first message is used to trigger the cessation of sending the first message.

34. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein, The first message includes a first preamble, which carries first information used to determine the first transmission bandwidth.

35. The method according to claim 34, wherein, The first information includes one or more of the following: The second frequency offset is the first frequency offset used for the first message; The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth.

36. The method according to claim 34 or 35, wherein, The second device receives a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth, including: The second device receives the first message on a first bandwidth, which is the receiving bandwidth supported by the second device.

37. The method according to any one of claims 34 to 35, wherein, The second device receives a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth, including: The second device receives the first message on multiple second bandwidths, wherein different second bandwidths are associated with different second frequency offsets.

38. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 37, wherein, The first signal is used to carry a third message sent by the first device in the connected state, and the third message is used to carry data.

39. The method according to claim 38, wherein, Different first devices send data to the second device in an FDM manner.

40. The method according to claim 38 or 39, wherein, The method further includes: The second device sends a fourth message to the first device. The fourth message carries second information, which is used to indicate a third frequency offset. The third frequency offset is the first frequency offset used in the third message.

41. The method according to claim 40, wherein, The third frequency offset is located in the first frequency range, and the second frequency offset is located in the second frequency range. The second frequency offset is the first frequency offset of the first message used in the random access process. The first frequency range and the second frequency range do not overlap.

42. The method according to claim 41, wherein, The third frequency offset is greater than the second frequency offset.

43. The method according to any one of claims 40 to 42, wherein, The first message contains third information, which is used to indicate a fourth frequency offset, which is the maximum first frequency offset supported by the first device, and the fourth frequency offset is used to determine the third frequency offset.

44. The method according to claim 43, wherein, The first preamble in the first message contains the third information.

45. The method according to claim 43 or 44, wherein, The fourth frequency offset is used to determine the third frequency offset using the second frequency offset.

46. ​​The method according to any one of claims 23 to 45, wherein, The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is predefined; or, The bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth is pre-configured in the first device.

47. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 46, wherein, The channel bandwidth of the first device is related to the bandwidth of the first transmission bandwidth and the first frequency offset.

48. A first device, the first device comprising: The first communication unit is configured to send a first signal to the second device over a first transmission bandwidth; The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

49. A second device, the second device comprising: The second communication unit is configured to receive a first signal transmitted by the first device on the first transmission bandwidth; The position of the first transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain is related to the first frequency offset.

50. A communication device, the communication device comprising: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, connected to the memory, is configured to invoke and run a computer program stored in the memory to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 22, or to perform the method as described in any one of claims 23 to 47.

51. A chip, comprising: A processor for retrieving and running a computer program from memory, causing a device having the chip mounted to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 47.

52. A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, the execution of which causes the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method of any one of claims 23 to 47.

53. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions, the execution of which causes a computer to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 47.

54. A computer program, the execution of which causes a computer to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 47.

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