Battery system and electric device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery system and an electric device. A battery system (3000) comprises: a first battery pack (300), comprising at least one negative electrode-free cell; a heating system (800), configured to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack (300); and a controller (1200), configured to control, when the first battery pack (300) is in a charging state, the heating system (800) to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack (300) to be greater than or equal to 40°C. By regulating the charging temperature of the first battery pack (300) in the charging state to be greater than or equal to 40°C, the charging rate of the first battery pack (300) can be effectively increased, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the entire battery system (3000).

Description

A battery system and power supply device Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery system and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] With the dwindling availability of traditional energy resources, the development of new energy storage devices is receiving increasing attention. Batteries, in particular, are not only used in energy storage systems for hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but are also widely applied in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars. As the application areas of batteries as power batteries continue to expand, the market demand is also increasing, and the performance requirements for batteries are becoming increasingly stringent. How to better alleviate users' range anxiety and achieve longer driving range for electric devices is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.

[0003] Currently, high-energy-density battery packs can be used to replenish low-energy-density battery packs, achieving a relatively long driving range. However, to minimize the impact on the chemical properties and lifespan of the high-energy-density battery pack during use, a lower charging rate is typically required. This inevitably affects the overall charging efficiency of the battery system.

[0004] Therefore, improving the charging speed of high-energy-density battery packs, and thus improving the charging efficiency of the entire battery system, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a battery system and an electrical device, which aims to improve the charging rate of a battery pack with high energy density and improve the charging efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a battery system, comprising:

[0008] The first battery pack includes at least one cell without a negative electrode; wherein the energy density of the first battery pack is higher than that of the second battery pack.

[0009] A heating system is used to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack;

[0010] The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 40°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state.

[0011] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by raising the charging temperature of the first battery pack 300 under the power charging condition to above 40°C, the charging rate of the first battery pack 300 can be effectively improved, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0012] In one implementation of the first aspect, the battery system is used to connect to the first load;

[0013] The battery system also includes a second battery pack, which is connected to the first battery pack. The second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load.

[0014] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by using a first battery pack having at least one negative electrode cell as a backup battery pack, the battery system's range can be effectively improved.

[0015] In one implementation of the first aspect, the heating system includes a charging and discharging circuit;

[0016] The controller is used to control the second battery pack and the first battery pack to charge and discharge each other through the charging and discharging circuit when the first battery pack is in the charging state, so as to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack.

[0017] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by controlling the second battery pack and the first battery pack to charge and discharge each other through the charging and discharging circuit, the self-heating of the second battery pack and the first battery pack is realized, so as to increase the battery temperature of the first battery pack and thus increase the charging rate of the first battery pack.

[0018] In one implementation of the first aspect, the heating system includes a thermal management loop;

[0019] The controller is used to control the thermal management circuit to heat the first battery pack when the first battery pack is in the charging state, so as to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack.

[0020] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the thermal management circuit to heat the first battery pack 300 when the first battery pack is in the charging state, so as to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300.

[0021] In one implementation of the first aspect, the heating system includes a voltage conversion circuit;

[0022] The controller is used to control the voltage conversion circuit to output pulse current to the first battery pack when the first battery pack is in the charging state, so as to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack.

[0023] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by controlling the voltage conversion circuit to output pulse current to the first battery pack, the first battery pack generates heat during charging, thereby raising the battery temperature of the first battery pack to above a first temperature threshold, and thus effectively improving the charging rate of the first battery pack.

[0024] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is configured to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the first battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C.

[0025] In one implementation of the first aspect, the voltage conversion circuit is also connected to a second battery pack;

[0026] The controller is also used to control the charging device to charge the second battery pack when the battery system is connected to the charging device, and to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0027] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, since the entire battery system is connected to a charging device, the second battery pack can be directly charged through the charging device, and then the energy of the second battery pack can be transferred to the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, thereby realizing the charging of the two battery packs.

[0028] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is used to control the charging device to charge the second battery pack when the charging current that the charging device can provide is greater than the first current, and to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0029] The first current includes the charging current required by the second battery pack and the charging current required by the first battery pack.

[0030] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the rated charging current of the charging device is greater than the first current, it means that the maximum charging current that the charging device can provide meets the charging current requirements of the second battery pack and the first battery pack. Therefore, when the charging device charges the second battery pack, it can control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit. The voltage conversion circuit performs energy transfer under the charging condition, reducing the time for the second battery pack and the first battery pack to be fully charged at the same time, and improving the charging efficiency of the battery system.

[0031] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is used to determine the actual charging current of the second battery pack and the actual discharging current of the second battery pack to the first battery pack based on the remaining charge of the second battery pack and the remaining charge of the first battery pack when the charging current that the charging device can provide is not greater than the first current, and to control the charging device to charge the second battery pack based on the actual charging current of the second battery pack, and to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack based on the actual discharging current.

[0032] The first current includes the charging current required by the second battery pack and the charging current required by the first battery pack.

[0033] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the rated charging current of the charging device is not greater than the first current, it means that the maximum charging current that the charging device can provide cannot simultaneously meet the charging current requirements of the second battery pack and the first battery pack. Therefore, the actual charging current of the second battery pack and the actual discharge current of the second battery pack to the first battery pack can be determined based on the remaining capacity of the second battery pack and the remaining capacity of the first battery pack. The charging device is then controlled to charge the second battery pack based on the actual charging current of the second battery pack and to charge the first battery pack based on the actual discharge current, so as to minimize the time for the second battery pack and the first battery pack to be fully charged at the same time and maximize the charging efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0034] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is further configured to, when the first battery pack is connected to the first charging device and the second battery pack is connected to the second charging device, control the first charging device to charge the first battery pack and control the second charging device to charge the second battery pack.

[0035] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second battery pack and the first battery pack are charged by two charging devices respectively, which can effectively improve the charging efficiency.

[0036] In one implementation of the first aspect, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to a current distributor;

[0037] The controller is also used to control the charging device to charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack through a current distributor, based on the requested charging current of the second battery pack and the requested charging current of the first battery pack, when the battery system is connected to a charging device.

[0038] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the current distributor can charge the second battery pack and the first battery pack respectively according to the electrical parameters of the second battery pack and the first battery pack, so that both the second battery pack and the first battery pack can be charged according to the required current, thereby improving the charging efficiency.

[0039] In one implementation of the first aspect, the voltage conversion circuit is connected to the second battery pack and the first battery pack respectively;

[0040] The controller is also used to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit; and to control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load.

[0041] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller is used to control the second battery pack to charge and discharge with the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, so that the remaining charge of the first battery pack is within a preset range. During the use of the battery system, the first battery pack and the second battery pack charge and discharge with each other, so that the remaining charge (i.e., SOC) of the first battery pack is maintained within a certain range, for example, 20%-80%, thereby extending the service life of the first battery pack 300.

[0042] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is used to control the second battery pack to charge and discharge with the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, so that the remaining charge of the first battery pack is within a preset range.

[0043] In one implementation of the first aspect, the battery system further includes:

[0044] A switching circuit is connected to the second battery pack and the first battery pack respectively, and is used to control the second battery pack and the first battery pack to be connected in series.

[0045] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by controlling the second battery pack and the first battery pack in series by a switching circuit, the output voltage of the battery system can be increased, thereby achieving high voltage output.

[0046] In one implementation of the first aspect, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;

[0047] The first voltage conversion device is connected to the second battery pack and the first battery pack respectively;

[0048] The second battery pack charges the first battery pack via the first voltage conversion device, or the first battery pack charges the second battery pack via the first voltage conversion device.

[0049] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the charging and discharging between two battery packs can be realized by using a first voltage conversion device, which can effectively save voltage conversion devices, and save costs and space.

[0050] In one implementation of the first aspect, the second battery pack is further used to provide a first voltage to the first load, and the first battery pack is further used to provide the first voltage to the first load via a voltage conversion circuit.

[0051] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second battery pack is also used to provide a first voltage to the first load. The controller can control the voltage conversion circuit to convert the second voltage provided by the first battery pack into a first voltage and output it to the first load to supply power to the first load, thereby providing two power supplies to the first load. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, the first battery pack can be used as a backup battery to provide the first voltage to the first load, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0052] In one implementation of the first aspect, the voltage conversion circuit further includes:

[0053] A second voltage conversion device is connected to a first battery pack, which is used to output a first voltage to a first load via the second voltage conversion device.

[0054] In one implementation of the first aspect, the second battery pack is further used to provide a second voltage to the second load via a voltage conversion circuit, and the first battery pack is further used to provide a second voltage to the second load.

[0055] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the output voltage of the second battery pack is a first voltage, and the output voltage of the first battery pack is a second voltage. The second battery pack is connected to the first load and can provide the first voltage to the first load. The first battery pack is connected to the second load and can provide the second voltage to the second load. The second battery pack is also used to provide the second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing two power supplies to the second load. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack can be used as a backup battery to provide the second voltage to the second load, realizing low-voltage redundancy of the battery system and improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0056] In one implementation of the first aspect, the voltage conversion circuit further includes:

[0057] The third voltage converter is connected to the second battery pack, which is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the third voltage converter.

[0058] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is further configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state.

[0059] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0060] (1) When the remaining charge of the second battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0061] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the second battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0062] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the second battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0063] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, under the first preset state, controlling the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit can protect the second battery pack, reduce over-discharge of the second battery pack, and extend the service life of the second battery pack.

[0064] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load;

[0065] The second preset state includes the second battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states:

[0066] (1) When the remaining charge of the second battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0067] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the second battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0068] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the second battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0069] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, in the second preset state, controlling the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit can effectively replenish the energy of the second battery pack and improve the battery system's range.

[0070] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit when the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than a third threshold and the remaining charge of the second battery pack is greater than a fourth threshold.

[0071] In the technical solution of this application, the first battery pack has a smaller capacity and the second battery pack has a larger capacity.

[0072] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit when the voltage of any single negative electrode battery cell is less than a fifth threshold and the remaining charge of the second battery pack is greater than a fourth threshold.

[0073] In one implementation of the first aspect, if the charging time of the second battery pack is less than the charging time of the first battery pack, the controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit before the charging device charges the second battery pack.

[0074] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is further configured to control the first battery pack to charge or discharge through the voltage conversion circuit when the first battery pack has not been charged or discharged for a first preset time, so that the remaining charge of the first battery pack is in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0075] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, in order to reduce the impact of long-term non-use on the service life of the first battery pack, the controller can monitor the duration of the first battery pack not being charged or discharged, and determine whether the duration of the first battery pack not being charged or discharged continues for a first preset duration. If so, the controller controls the first battery pack to enter the field for charging or discharging through the voltage conversion circuit so that the remaining power of the first battery pack is maintained in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0076] In one implementation of the first aspect, the controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to output a first voltage to the first load through a voltage conversion circuit in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack.

[0077] In this embodiment of the application, in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack, the first battery pack is used to supply power to the first load, thereby improving power supply stability.

[0078] In one implementation of the first aspect, the battery system includes a battery device, the battery device includes a housing, the housing has a battery cavity, the battery cavity includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity, a second battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, the first battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity, and a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, the partition structure is capable of blocking at least part of the emissions emitted by at least one of the second battery pack and the first battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

[0079] In one implementation of the first aspect, the partition structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

[0080] In one implementation of the first aspect, the housing includes a frame, a bottom cover plate, and a top cover plate, the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate being connected to opposite sides of the frame along a first direction;

[0081] The partition structure includes a partition beam, with a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity located on both sides of the partition beam. The partition beam is connected to the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate on opposite sides along the first direction, and the two ends of the partition structure along its extension direction are connected to the frame.

[0082] In one implementation of the first aspect, the battery device further includes a sealing gasket, with a sealing gasket provided between the partition beam and the top cover plate, and a sealing gasket provided between the frame and the top cover plate; and / or, a sealing gasket provided between the partition beam and the bottom cover plate, and a sealing gasket provided between the frame and the bottom cover plate.

[0083] In one implementation of the first aspect, the housing is further provided with an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components, and at least one of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity;

[0084] The enclosure is equipped with an electrical cavity partition, which is used to isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity.

[0085] In one implementation of the first aspect, the electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole, and the battery device further includes an adapter, which is sealed through the mounting hole. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the second battery pack and the first battery pack, and the other end of the adapter is located inside the electrical cavity.

[0086] In one implementation of the first aspect, the electrical cavity, the first battery cavity, and the second battery cavity are arranged in the same layer; or,

[0087] The electrical cavity, the first battery cavity, and the second battery cavity are arranged in two layers.

[0088] In one implementation of the first aspect, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, and the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber are depressurized through the pressure relief mechanism.

[0089] In one implementation of the first aspect, the frame includes side beams, and the hollow cavities within the side beams form pressure relief chambers; a pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chambers; a first battery cavity is connected to the pressure relief chambers when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway; and a second battery cavity is connected to the pressure relief chambers when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway; and

[0090] In one implementation of the first aspect, the pressure relief chamber is provided with a vent corresponding to the battery chamber, and each vent is provided with a sealing structure, which can be actuated under preset conditions to connect the battery chamber and the pressure relief chamber.

[0091] In one implementation of the first aspect, the housing is provided with multiple pressure relief mechanisms, with the first battery chamber corresponding to one pressure relief mechanism and the second battery chamber corresponding to another pressure relief mechanism.

[0092] In one implementation of the first aspect, the thermal management circuit further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the second battery pack and / or the first battery pack.

[0093] In one implementation of the first aspect, the thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component, wherein the first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack, and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack.

[0094] In one implementation of the first aspect, the first battery cell group and the negative electrode-free battery cell group are arranged in two layers.

[0095] The thermal management component is located between the first battery cell group and the battery cell group without negative electrode.

[0096] In one implementation of the first aspect, the number of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity includes one or more of the following:

[0097] (1) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged at least along the length of the housing;

[0098] (2) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged at least along the width direction of the housing;

[0099] (3) One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the box;

[0100] (4) Several first battery chambers and several second battery chambers are arranged alternately.

[0101] In one implementation of the first aspect, a first exhaust channel corresponding to the second battery pack and a second exhaust channel corresponding to the first battery pack are formed inside the housing, and the exhaust paths of the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel are different.

[0102] The first battery cell has a first cell pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to communicate with a first exhaust channel.

[0103] The negative electrode-free battery cell has a second cell pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to communicate with a second exhaust channel.

[0104] The first and second unit pressure relief mechanisms are arranged facing different directions.

[0105] In one implementation of the first aspect, the negative electrode-free battery cell satisfies one of the following conditions:

[0106] (1) When the volumetric energy density of the non-negative electrode battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 20kWh;

[0107] (2) When the volumetric energy density of the non-negative electrode battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 40kWh.

[0108] (3) When the volumetric energy density of the non-negative electrode battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

[0109] In one implementation of the first aspect, the negative electrode-free battery cell includes one or more of lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells and sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells.

[0110] The negative electrode-free battery cell includes at least a lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, and the energy density of the lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell is 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.

[0111] Optionally, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode is one or more of the following: olivine phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, and spinel phase lithium manganese-based oxide.

[0112] Further optionally, the olivine phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate; the ratio of the number of moles of nickel to the total number of moles of transition metal elements in the layered lithium transition metal oxide is 0.5 or more, or 0.7 or more.

[0113] In one implementation of the first aspect, the negative electrode-free battery cell must satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0114] (1) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 450~700Wh / L.

[0115] (2) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the negative electrode cell is 600 to 1000 Wh / L.

[0116] (3) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the negative electrode cell is 650~2000Wh / L.

[0117] In one implementation of the first aspect, the negative electrode of the non-negative electrode cell is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0118] (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0119] (2) The thickness range of the current collector is 3μm to 8μm;

[0120] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm;

[0121] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa~1600MPa;

[0122] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm, and even more preferably, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5μm-25μm.

[0123] In one implementation of the first aspect, the cycle life of the negative electrode-free battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0124] (1) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within 80% of the depth of discharge. The cycle life is 150 to 400 cycles.

[0125] (2) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 50%, and has a cycle life of 200 to 550 cycles.

[0126] (3) The negative electrode-free battery has a cycle life of more than 550 cycles when charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 30%.

[0127] The volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is 0.05 to 10, optionally 0.1 to 8.0, or optionally 0.12 to 6.0.

[0128] In one implementation of the first aspect, the second battery pack includes at least one second battery cell, which includes one or more of a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery.

[0129] Optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell.

[0130] Alternatively, the second battery cell may include at least a secondary battery.

[0131] In one implementation of the first aspect, the chemical systems of the non-negative electrode cell and the second cell are different.

[0132] The volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 30kWh.

[0133] Each of the second battery cells is independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII:

[0134] (1) Battery cell I, wherein the volumetric energy density of battery cell I is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, and battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell also includes silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide;

[0135] (2) Battery cell II, at 25°C, the equivalent charging rate of battery cell II at 10% SOC-80% SOC is greater than or equal to 2C, optionally, the equivalent charging rate of battery cell II at 10% SOC-80% SOC is greater than 2.5C, and further optionally, the equivalent charging rate of battery cell II at 10%-80% SOC is greater than 4C.

[0136] (3) Battery cell III, the thermal runaway temperature of battery cell III is not lower than 250°C; and / or, the overcharge boundary of battery cell III is not lower than 140% SOC;

[0137] (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the charging time of battery cell IV from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10℃ is less than or equal to 40 min; and / or, the capacity retention rate of battery cell IV at an ambient temperature of -20℃ and charged at 0.33C is above 80%; and / or, battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides;

[0138] (5) Battery cell V, when discharged to the lower cutoff voltage at a rate of 5C at 50% SOC, the discharge time of battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and more preferably greater than or equal to 100s; and / or, when discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC impedance DCR of battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; and / or, the power density of battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600W / kg and 5000W / kg;

[0139] (6) Battery cell VI, when the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the battery cell VI shall not be less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles;

[0140] (7) Battery cell VII, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95% after being stored for 90 days at an ambient temperature of 45°C; and / or, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98% after being stored for 60 days at an ambient temperature of 60°C.

[0141] In one implementation of the first aspect, the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is greater than that of the second battery cell, and the second battery pack includes at least one or more of battery cells II, IV, and VI.

[0142] In one implementation of the first aspect, the first battery pack includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate non-anode battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate non-anode battery, ternary non-anode battery cell, and hybrid cathode non-anode battery cell.

[0143] In one implementation of the first aspect, the second battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery.

[0144] The second aspect provides an electrical device, which includes a first load and a second load;

[0145] And the battery system of any of the first aspects.

[0146] In one implementation of the second aspect, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0147] In one implementation of the second aspect, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system, which is used for body control.

[0148] In one implementation of the second aspect, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which also includes an on-board charger (OBC). The battery system is connected to the OBC, which is used to AC charge the vehicle.

[0149] In one implementation of the second aspect, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing a second voltage to the second load.

[0150] It is understandable that the beneficial effects of the second aspect mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0151] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0152] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0153] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0154] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device in a battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0155] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0156] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0157] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0158] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0159] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0160] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0161] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0162] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0163] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0164] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0165] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0166] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0167] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0168] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0169] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0170] Figure 18 is an exploded perspective view of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0171] Figure 19 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery device shown in Figure 18 after the cover is removed;

[0172] Figure 20 is a top view of the battery device shown in Figure 18;

[0173] Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the battery device shown in Figure 20 in another embodiment;

[0174] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0175] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the battery cavity structure provided in some embodiments;

[0176] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the battery cell arrangement provided in some embodiments.

[0177] In the figures, the following labels are used: 3000 Battery System; 1000 Vehicle; 1100 Battery Unit; 1200 Controller; 1300 Motor; 100 Housing; 101 Battery Chamber; 1011 First Battery Chamber; 1012 Second Battery Chamber; 102 Electrical Chamber; 10 Tray; 11 Side Beam; 12 Pressure Relief Chamber; 141 First Inlet; 142 First Outlet; 143 Second Inlet; 144 Second Outlet; 20 Cover; 30 Partition Structure; 40 Seal; 50 Electrical Chamber Partition; 51 Adapter; 61 Pressure Relief Mechanism; 62 First Pressure Relief Mechanism; 63 Second Pressure Relief Mechanism; 70 Thermal Management Component; 71 First Sub-thermal Management Component; 711 First Heat Exchanger; 712 First Current Collector; 72 Second Sub-thermal Management Component; 7 21. Second heat exchange tube; 722. Second current collector; 200. Electrical component; 201. Voltage conversion circuit; 202. Switching circuit; 300. First battery pack; 310. First battery cell; 311. First cell pressure relief mechanism; 320. First main terminal; 400. Second battery pack; 410. Second battery cell; 420. Second main terminal; 421. Second cell pressure relief mechanism; 700. Output interface; 600. Load; 610. First load; 620. Second load; 800. Heating system; 801. Charging and discharging circuit; 2000. Charging device; 2100. First charging device; 2200. Second charging device. Detailed Implementation

[0178] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0179] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0180] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0181] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0182] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0183] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0184] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0185] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0186] With the dwindling availability of traditional energy resources, the development of new energy storage devices is receiving increasing attention. Batteries, in particular, are not only used in energy storage systems for hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but are also widely applied in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars. As the application areas of batteries as power batteries continue to expand, the market demand is constantly increasing, and the performance requirements for batteries are also becoming more stringent.

[0187] Currently, with the widespread application of rechargeable batteries in new energy vehicles, users often switch between using the same battery system in multiple application scenarios, thus increasing the functional demands on battery systems. However, for battery cells with a single chemical system, performance improvements usually involve trade-offs; that is, it is difficult for a single battery cell of the same system to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics, let alone maximize the performance of a particular characteristic. How to better alleviate users' range anxiety and achieve longer driving range for battery cells is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0188] Currently, high-energy-density battery packs can be used to replenish low-energy-density battery packs, effectively achieving longer battery life. The individual cells in a high-energy-density battery pack typically include at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cells, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cells, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cells, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cells, and lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, all with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Alternatively, they may include at least one of the following: semi-solid-state battery cells and all-solid-state battery cells.

[0189] Battery energy density can be defined as the ratio of the energy that can be charged into a given electrochemical energy storage device to the mass or volume of the energy storage medium.

[0190] Anode-free batteries are lithium-ion / sodium-ion batteries manufactured without a conventional negative electrode active material (such as graphite, silicon, silicon oxide, etc.) on the negative electrode current collector. Taking anode-free lithium-ion batteries (AFB) as an example, a lithium metal layer is generated on the negative electrode during the first charge and discharge after battery assembly. Alternatively, a very thin layer of lithium metal can be pre-placed on the current collector surface as an initial lithium source to better guide lithium deposition. To minimize the impact on the negative electrode interface morphology, resistivity, and lifespan of AFB batteries, a lower charging rate is typically required. However, this undoubtedly affects the charging efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0191] Therefore, improving the charging speed of high-energy-density battery packs, and thus improving the charging efficiency of the entire battery system, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved.

[0192] Based on this, the present application provides a battery system in which the first battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free cell. By adjusting the temperature of the first battery pack under charging conditions so that the battery temperature of the first battery pack is greater than or equal to 40°C, the charging rate of the battery pack with negative electrode-free cells can be improved, thereby improving the charging rate of the entire battery system.

[0193] The battery system and power device provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0194] A battery system can be an energy storage device that provides electrical energy to electrical devices. A battery system includes a battery pack and a controller.

[0195] A battery pack can be an electrical module used to achieve independent power output. A battery pack can consist of multiple battery cells connected in series and / or parallel, specifically a battery module, some battery cells within a battery pack, or some battery cells within a battery module; a battery pack can also be an independently configured battery pack or a structurally integrated battery pack. This application does not impose specific restrictions on the assembly method, physical location, or specific structural form of the battery pack.

[0196] The battery system disclosed in this application is applicable to various electrical devices that use battery systems, and can be used to form the power system of an electrical device. Electrical devices include mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0197] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle as an example of an electrical device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0198] Referring to Figure 1, the vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery pack is installed inside the vehicle, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. The battery pack can be used to power the vehicle; for example, it can serve as the vehicle's operating power source. The vehicle may also include a controller and a motor. The controller is used to control the battery pack's power supply to the motor, for example, to meet the vehicle's power needs during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0199] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system described above includes a battery device that can serve not only as the operating power source for the vehicle but also as the driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

[0200] As shown in Figure 2, the battery device mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack may include multiple individual battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0201] In some embodiments, the battery pack is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0202] As an example, a battery pack can be a battery module, which consists of multiple battery cells arranged and fixed together to form an independent module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.

[0203] In some embodiments, the battery device further includes a housing in which the battery pack is housed.

[0204] As an example, the battery pack can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0205] As an example, battery packs can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple individual battery cells to the housing.

[0206] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure. The first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0207] As an example, the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, creating an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack.

[0208] In some embodiments, the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.

[0209] In some embodiments, the battery device refers to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0210] In some embodiments, the battery cell can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0211] In some embodiments, the controller may be a Battery Management System (BMS), which performs at least one of the following functions: battery state monitoring, state analysis, charge / discharge control, safety protection, thermal management, high-voltage power distribution, and information management. In addition, the battery management system may also be configured to implement at least some of the functions of a controller in an electrical device, such as implementing some functions of a vehicle control unit (VCU) or a motor control unit (MCU), and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0212] It should be noted that the physical device of the controller in this application can be integrated into the battery device, such as into the battery pack; it can also be integrated into the electrical device, such as into the vehicle or the vehicle chassis; or it can be integrated into the charging device, such as into the charging device or the battery swapping device.

[0213] The controller in this application can also be deployed as control software on a server. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, knowledge computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms, such as vehicle networking cloud, APP backend, etc.

[0214] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application only take a vehicle as an example of an electrical device to illustrate the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application. The electrical device can also be other devices or equipment.

[0215] Please refer to Figure 3, which shows a schematic diagram of a battery system provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the battery system provided in this embodiment may include a first battery pack 300, a heating system 800, and a controller 1200. The controller 1200 may be connected to the heating system 800.

[0216] The heating system 800 is used to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300.

[0217] The controller 1200 is used to control the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 to be greater than or equal to 40°C when the first battery pack 300 is in a charging state.

[0218] The first battery pack 300 includes at least one cell without a negative electrode.

[0219] In some embodiments of this application, the first battery pack 300 may include a plurality of first battery cells, some or all of which may be negative electrode-free cells.

[0220] In one embodiment of this application, the heating system 800 can adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 in real time according to the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300, the ambient temperature, and the charging and discharging conditions.

[0221] In some implementations, the heating system 800 continuously monitors the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 before or during charging. If the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 is less than 40°C, the heating system 800 can be controlled to heat the first battery pack 300 to adjust its battery temperature so that it is greater than or equal to 40°C, thereby increasing the charging rate of the first battery pack 300.

[0222] Understandably, adjusting the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 to 40°C or above during charging is to improve the charging rate of the first battery pack 300. This can be determined based on information such as the chemical materials of the non-negative electrode cells in the first battery pack 300, the stability of the SEI film, and the morphology of the negative electrode product.

[0223] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 controls the heating system 800 to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 only needs to be greater than or equal to 40°C. For example, it can be any of the above-mentioned values ​​or within any range of any two of the following: 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C, 45.5°C, 46°C, 47°C, 48°C, 49°C, 50°C, 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 57.6°C, 58°C, 59°C, 60°C, 61°C, 62°C, 63°C, 64°C, 65°C, 66°C, 67°C, 68°C, 69°C, 70°C.

[0224] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is configured to control the heating system 800 to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the first battery pack 300 is in a charging state; optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C.

[0225] It should be noted that the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 mentioned above can be the temperature of the first individual battery cell in the first battery pack 300, or it can be the overall temperature of the first battery pack 300.

[0226] In specific applications, the first battery pack 300 may be in a charging state under the following circumstances, including but not limited to:

[0227] When the battery system 3000 includes only the first battery pack 300, the charging conditions of the first battery pack 300 may include the case where the battery system 3000 can be connected to a charging device for charging.

[0228] When the battery system 3000 also includes other battery packs, the charging conditions of the first battery pack 300 may include the following:

[0229] 1) During the external discharge process of the battery system, other battery packs charge the first battery pack 300.

[0230] 2) Before the battery system is connected to the charging device, other battery packs charge the first battery pack 300.

[0231] 3) While the battery system is connected to the charging device and being charged by the charging device, other battery packs charge the first battery pack 300.

[0232] 4) Connect a charging device to the battery system and charge the first battery pack 300 through the charging device.

[0233] In specific applications, the charging method of the first battery pack 300 mentioned above can be, but is not limited to, charging based on pulse current, constant current and constant voltage charging, etc.

[0234] In some embodiments of this application, the controller 1200 may determine whether to charge the battery system 300 based on a comprehensive decision made from information such as the battery status of the first battery pack 300, the user's usage habits, and the distance to the charging device. The controller 1200 may also determine whether the first battery pack 300 is in the process of charging based on the connection status and current output status of the charging device. When the controller determines that it is about to charge the battery system 300 and / or that the first battery pack 300 is in the process of charging based on the connection status and current output status of the charging device, the heating system 800 is controlled to perform heating.

[0235] In this embodiment of the application, by raising the charging temperature of the first battery pack 300 to above 40°C, the charging rate of the first battery pack 300 can be effectively increased, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0236] Referring to Figure 4, in some embodiments, the battery system 3000 may be connected to a first load 310, and the battery system 3000 may also include a second battery pack 400, with the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected together, and the second battery pack 300 being used to output a first voltage to the first load 310.

[0237] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 400 may be a main battery pack used to power the first load. The first battery pack 300 may be a secondary battery pack used to extend the battery life of the second battery pack 400.

[0238] In this embodiment, the first load can refer to a load with a working voltage of a first voltage; the first voltage can be greater than or equal to 150V, and can be any value above 150V; for example, the first voltage can be, but is not limited to, 150V, 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 1000V, or 1500V. For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, the first voltage is referred to as high voltage, and the first load is referred to as a high-voltage load.

[0239] As an example, in a vehicle, loads are divided into high-voltage loads and low-voltage loads. High-voltage loads can include at least one of the vehicle's front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system is used to drive the front wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system is used to drive the rear wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer. Low-voltage loads include loads such as the vehicle's electronic control system, in-vehicle refrigerator, in-vehicle air conditioner, and 12V / 48V battery.

[0240] In this embodiment, by using a first battery pack with at least one negative electrode cell as a backup battery pack, the battery system's range can be effectively improved.

[0241] Please refer to Figure 5. In some embodiments of this application, the heating system 800 may include a charging and discharging circuit 801. The controller 1200 is used to control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to charge and discharge each other through the charging and discharging circuit 801 when the first battery pack 300 is in a charging state, so as to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300.

[0242] The charging and discharging circuit 801 described above may specifically include a current / voltage conversion device. For example, the second battery pack 400 outputs the charging current and charging voltage required by the first battery pack 300 through the current / voltage conversion device to charge the first battery pack 300. Alternatively, the first battery pack 300 outputs the charging current and charging voltage required by the second battery pack 400 through the current / voltage conversion device to charge the second battery pack 400.

[0243] In this embodiment of the application, by controlling the second battery pack and the first battery pack to charge and discharge each other through the charging and discharging circuit, the self-heating of the second battery pack and the first battery pack is realized, so as to increase the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 and thereby increase the charging rate of the first battery pack.

[0244] Referring to Figure 6, in some embodiments of this application, the heating system 800 described above includes a voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0245] The controller 1200 is used to control the voltage conversion circuit 201 to output a pulse current to the first battery pack 300 when the first battery pack 300 is in the charging state, so as to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300.

[0246] In this embodiment, the voltage conversion circuit 201 may include, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, a flyback transformer, and other voltage conversion devices. By controlling the output of the voltage conversion circuit 201, a pulse current can be output to the first battery pack 300.

[0247] For example, FIG7 shows a schematic diagram of the voltage conversion circuit 201 in the battery system provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG7a), the voltage conversion circuit 201 may include a first DC-DC converter 201a and a second DC-DC converter 201b. Specifically, the first DC-DC converter 201 may be a unidirectional low-voltage to high-voltage DC-DC converter, and the second DC-DC converter 201b may be a unidirectional high-voltage to low-voltage DC-DC converter. The second battery pack 400 can charge the first battery pack 300 through the second DC-DC converter 201b, and the first battery pack 300 can charge the second battery pack 400 through the first DC-DC converter 201a. As shown in FIG7b), the voltage conversion circuit 201 may also include a third DC-DC converter 201c. Specifically, the third DC-DC converter 201c may be a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the second battery pack 400 can charge the first battery pack through the third DC-DC converter 201c.

[0248] In this embodiment, by controlling the voltage conversion circuit to output pulse current to the first battery pack, the first battery pack generates heat during charging, thereby raising the battery temperature of the first battery pack to above a first temperature threshold, and thus effectively improving the charging rate of the first battery pack.

[0249] Referring to Figure 8, in some embodiments, the heating system 800 further includes a thermal management circuit 802.

[0250] In some embodiments, the thermal management circuit 802 described above is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack 400 and / or the first battery pack 300.

[0251] In this embodiment of the application, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the thermal management circuit to heat the first battery pack 300 when the first battery pack is in a charging state, so as to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300.

[0252] In some implementations, the aforementioned thermal management circuit may include a thermal management component. The thermal management component is used to regulate the temperature of individual battery cells, including cooling the battery cells or heating them in a low-temperature environment to bring them to their normal operating temperature range, and regulating the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 when the first battery pack 300 is in a charging state.

[0253] The thermal management component includes heat exchange channels for the flow of the heat exchange medium, which can be a fluid (liquid) or a gas. Temperature regulation refers to heating or cooling multiple battery cells. Optionally, the fluid can be circulating to achieve better temperature regulation. The fluid can be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, etc.

[0254] In this embodiment, the thermal management component can perform thermal management on the first battery pack 300, so that the battery temperature of the first battery pack 300 under charging conditions is greater than or equal to 40°C, thereby improving the charging rate of the first battery pack 300.

[0255] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned thermal management components can also perform thermal management on the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 so that the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can operate within the optimal operating temperature range, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the battery device and helping to extend the service life of the battery device.

[0256] In some embodiments, the thermal management component described above may also be a heating film, which may cover the surface of the first battery pack 300, thereby heating the first battery pack 300.

[0257] In this embodiment, a thermal management circuit is used to heat the first battery pack 300 under charging conditions, thereby effectively improving the charging rate of the first battery pack 300.

[0258] Referring to Figure 10, in one embodiment of this application, the voltage conversion circuit 201 is also connected to the second battery pack 400; the controller 1200 is also used to control the charging device 2000 to charge the second battery pack 400 when the battery system 3000 is connected to the charging device 2000, and to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0259] In this embodiment of the application, since the entire battery system is connected to a charging device, the second battery pack can be charged directly through the charging device, and then the energy of the second battery pack can be transferred to the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, thereby realizing the charging of both battery packs.

[0260] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is configured to control the charging device 2000 to charge the second battery pack 400 when the charging current provided by the charging device 2000 is greater than the first current, and to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201; wherein, the first current includes the charging demand current of the second battery pack 400 and the charging demand current of the first battery pack 300.

[0261] In practical applications, the charging current required by the second battery pack 400 can be determined based on parameters such as the battery status of the second battery pack 400 and the charging capacity of the charging device 2000. The charging current required by the first battery pack 300 can be determined based on the battery status of the first battery pack 300 and the discharging capacity of the second battery pack 400.

[0262] In this embodiment, when the rated charging current of the charging device 2000 is greater than the first current, it indicates that the maximum charging current that the charging device 2000 can provide meets the charging current requirements of the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300. Therefore, when the charging device 2000 charges the second battery pack 400, it can control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201. The voltage conversion circuit 201 performs energy transfer under charging conditions, reducing the time for the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 to be fully charged simultaneously, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the battery system.

[0263] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is configured to determine the actual charging current of the second battery pack 400 and the actual discharging current of the second battery pack 400 to the first battery pack 300 based on the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400 and the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300, when the charging current that the charging device 2000 can provide is not greater than the first current, and control the charging device 2000 to charge the second battery pack 400 based on the actual charging current of the second battery pack 400, and control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 based on the actual discharging current; wherein, the first current includes the charging demand current of the second battery pack 400 and the charging demand current of the first battery pack 300.

[0264] In practical applications, the charging current required by the second battery pack 400 can be determined based on parameters such as the battery status of the second battery pack 400 and the charging capacity of the charging device 2000. The charging current required by the first battery pack 300 can be determined based on the battery status of the first battery pack 300 and the discharging capacity of the second battery pack 400.

[0265] In this embodiment, if the rated charging current of the charging device 2000 is not greater than the first current, it means that the maximum charging current that the charging device 2000 can provide cannot simultaneously meet the charging current requirements of the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300. Therefore, the actual charging current of the second battery pack 400 and the actual discharging current of the second battery pack 400 to the first battery pack 300 can be determined based on the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400 and the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300. The charging device 2000 is then controlled to charge the second battery pack 400 based on the actual charging current of the second battery pack 400 and to charge the first battery pack 300 based on the actual discharging current, thereby minimizing the time required for the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 to be fully charged simultaneously and maximizing the charging efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0266] Referring to Figure 11, in some embodiments, the controller 1200 is also used to control the first charging device to charge the second battery pack 400 and the second charging device to charge the first battery pack 300 when the second battery pack 400 is connected to the first charging device 2001 and the first battery pack 300 is connected to the second charging device 2002.

[0267] In this embodiment, after the second battery pack 400 is connected to the second charging device 2002, the second battery pack 400 can send a corresponding current request to the second charging device 2002 according to its corresponding charging current requirement. The second charging device 2002 responds to the current request and provides the required charging current to the second battery pack 400. After the first battery pack 300 is connected to the first charging device 2001, the first battery pack 300 can send a corresponding current request to the first charging device 2001 according to its corresponding charging current requirement. The first charging device 2001 responds to the current request and provides the required charging current to the first battery pack 300.

[0268] In this embodiment of the application, the charging efficiency can be effectively improved by using two charging devices to charge the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 respectively.

[0269] Referring to Figure 12, in some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 are respectively connected to the current distributor 900; the controller 1200 is used to control the charging device to charge the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 through the current distributor when the battery system 3000 is connected to the charging device 2000, based on the requested charging current of the second battery pack 400 and the requested charging current of the first battery pack 300.

[0270] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 400 can send a current request to the current distributor 900 according to its own charging current demand. The current distributor 900 can allocate current to charge the second battery pack 400 according to the requested charging current. The first battery pack 300 can also send a current request to the current distributor 900 according to its own charging current demand. The current distributor can allocate current to charge the first battery pack 300 according to the requested charging current.

[0271] In this embodiment, the current distributor 900 can charge the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 respectively according to the electrical parameters of the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300, so that both the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 can be charged according to the required current, thereby improving charging efficiency.

[0272] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit 201 is connected to the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 respectively;

[0273] The controller 1200 is also used to control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201 so as to provide a first voltage to the first load through the second battery pack 400.

[0274] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 400 can be charged by the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load, thereby improving the battery life of the second battery pack 400.

[0275] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 is also used to charge the first battery pack 300 via the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0276] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 controls the second battery pack 400 to charge and discharge with the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, so that the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is within a preset range. During the use of the battery system, the mutual charging and discharging of the first and second battery packs maintains the remaining charge (i.e., SOC) of the first battery pack within a certain range, for example, 20%-80%, thereby extending the service life of the first battery pack 300.

[0277] Referring to Figure 13, in some embodiments, the battery system 300 further includes a switching circuit 202, which is connected to the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 respectively, for controlling the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 to be connected in series.

[0278] For example, FIG14 shows a schematic diagram of the switching circuit 202 of the voltage system provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG14, the switching circuit 202 can switch K1. By controlling the switch K1 to open or close, the on / off control of the series path of the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 can be realized. Specifically, when the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 need to be connected in series to increase the output voltage of the battery system, the controller 1200 can control the switch K1 to close. When the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 do not need to be connected in series, the controller 1200 can control K1 to open.

[0279] In this embodiment of the application, the output voltage of the battery system can be increased by controlling the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 in series through the switching circuit 202.

[0280] Referring to Figure 15, in some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit 201 may include a first voltage conversion device 2011; the first voltage conversion device 2011 is connected to the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 respectively; the second battery pack 400 charges the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion device 2011, or the first battery pack 300 charges the second battery pack 400 through the first voltage conversion device 2011.

[0281] The aforementioned first voltage conversion device 2011 may specifically be a voltage conversion device capable of bidirectional voltage conversion, such as a bidirectional DC-DC converter.

[0282] In this embodiment, the first voltage conversion device 2011 can perform bidirectional voltage conversion. The charging and discharging between two battery packs can be achieved using the first voltage conversion device, which can effectively save voltage conversion devices, saving costs and space.

[0283] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 is further configured to provide a first voltage to the first load, and the first battery pack 300 is further configured to provide a first voltage to the first load via a voltage conversion circuit.

[0284] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 400 is also used to provide a first voltage to the first load. The controller 1200 can control the voltage conversion circuit to convert the second voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 into a first voltage and output it to the first load to supply power to the first load, thereby providing two power supplies to the first load. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, the first battery pack 300 can be used as a backup battery to provide the first voltage to the first load, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0285] Referring to Figure 16, in some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit 201 further includes a second voltage conversion device 2012 connected to the first battery pack 300, wherein the first battery pack 300 is used to output a first voltage to the first load 310 through the second voltage conversion device 2012.

[0286] The aforementioned second voltage conversion device 2012 can specifically be a voltage conversion device capable of converting low-voltage output to high-voltage output, such as a low-voltage to high-voltage unidirectional DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, a Flyback, etc.

[0287] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 is further configured to provide a second voltage to the second load via a voltage conversion circuit, and the first battery pack 300 is further configured to provide a second voltage to the second load.

[0288] In this embodiment, the second load can refer to a load with an operating voltage of a second voltage; the second voltage is less than or equal to 60V, and can be any value above or below 60V; for example, the second voltage can be, but is not limited to, 1V, 5V, 10V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 30V, 45V, 48V, 50V, 55V, or 60V. For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, the second voltage is referred to as low voltage, and the second load is referred to as low-voltage load.

[0289] In this embodiment, the output voltage of the second battery pack 400 is a first voltage, and the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 is a second voltage. The second battery pack 400 is connected to the first load and can provide the first voltage to the first load. The first battery pack 300 is connected to the second load and can provide the second voltage to the second load. The second battery pack 400 is also used to provide the second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing two power supplies to the second load. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 can be used as a backup battery to provide the second voltage to the second load, realizing low-voltage redundancy of the battery system and improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0290] Referring to Figure 17, in some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit further includes a third voltage conversion device 2013 connected to the second battery pack 400, the second battery pack 400 being used to output a second voltage to a second load via the third voltage conversion device 2013.

[0291] The aforementioned third voltage conversion device 2013 can specifically be a voltage conversion device capable of converting high voltage output to low voltage output, such as a high voltage to low voltage unidirectional DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, or a flyback converter.

[0292] In some embodiments of this application, the controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state.

[0293] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0294] (1) When the remaining charge of the second battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0295] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the second battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0296] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the second battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0297] It should be noted that the controller 1200 involved in the embodiments of this application may be, but is not limited to, a vehicle controller 1200, a battery management system, or other control devices.

[0298] In one embodiment of this application, the second battery pack 400 may include a plurality of second battery pack 400 cells. The controller 1200 is further configured to control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 through a voltage conversion circuit when the remaining power of any second battery pack 400 cell is less than a first threshold, so as to provide a first voltage to the first load through the second battery pack 400.

[0299] It should be noted that the aforementioned first threshold can be determined based on different ambient temperatures, different battery temperatures, vehicle output power, the power capability of the second battery pack 400, and the power requirements of the vehicle's driving mode. This application embodiment does not limit its specific value.

[0300] In practical applications, the aforementioned second threshold can be determined based on parameters such as different battery temperatures, different ambient temperatures, vehicle output power, and the power capability of the second battery pack 400. This application embodiment does not limit its specific value.

[0301] In practical applications, the vehicle's driving mode can be determined based on the actual driving conditions. This may include, but is not limited to, driver driving mode, intelligent assisted driving mode, etc., and different driving modules can correspond to different power requirements.

[0302] In some embodiments of this application, the controller is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load;

[0303] The second preset state includes the second battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states:

[0304] (1) When the remaining charge of the second battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0305] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the second battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0306] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the second battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0307] In this embodiment, when the remaining charge of any single cell in the first battery pack 300 is less than a third threshold, and the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400 is greater than a fourth threshold, the controller 1200 can control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through a voltage conversion circuit. When some cells in the first battery pack 300 have low remaining charge and the cells in the second battery pack 400 have a relatively high remaining charge, the second battery pack 400 can be used to charge the first battery pack 300, thereby extending the lifespan of the first battery pack 300 and ultimately extending the lifespan of the entire battery system.

[0308] In one embodiment of this application, the first battery pack 300 includes a plurality of first battery pack 300 cells; the controller 1200 is further configured to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through a voltage conversion circuit when the voltage of any one of the first battery pack 300 cells is less than a fifth threshold and the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400 is greater than a fourth threshold.

[0309] In practical applications, the aforementioned fifth threshold can be determined based on ambient temperature, battery temperature, charging rate, discharging rate, etc., and the specific value is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0310] It should be noted that the above-mentioned charging rate can specifically refer to the charging rate of the first battery pack 300, and the discharging rate can also refer to the discharging rate of the first battery pack 300.

[0311] In this embodiment, the first battery pack information management component can feed back the voltage data of each individual cell in the first battery pack 300 to the controller 1200. The second battery pack information management component can also feed back the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400 to the controller 1200. When the voltage of any individual cell in the first battery pack 300 is less than a fifth threshold, and the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400 is greater than a fourth threshold, the controller 1200 can control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through a voltage conversion circuit. When the voltage of some individual cells in the first battery pack 300 is low and the remaining charge of individual cells in the second battery pack 400 is relatively high, using the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 extends the lifespan of the first battery pack 300, thereby extending the lifespan of the entire battery system.

[0312] In one embodiment of this application, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the first battery pack 300 to charge or discharge through the voltage conversion circuit when the first battery pack 300 has not been charged or discharged for a first preset time, so that the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0313] In this embodiment of the application, if the battery pack is not used for a long time, it may affect the service life of the battery pack. In order to reduce the impact on the service life of the first battery pack 300, the controller 1200 can monitor the duration of the first battery pack 300 not being charged or discharged, and determine whether the duration of the first battery pack 300 not being charged or discharged continues for a first preset duration. If so, the controller 1200 controls the first battery pack 300 to enter the field for charging or discharging through the voltage conversion circuit, so that the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is maintained in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0314] In some embodiments of this application, the controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to output the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack.

[0315] In this embodiment of the application, the abnormality of the second battery pack can specifically refer to the inability of the second battery pack to supply power normally. It can be that the second battery pack is faulty, or that the power supply circuit of the second battery pack is faulty. It can be that the second battery pack is faulty, some of the battery cells in the second battery pack are faulty, or the power supply circuit of the second battery pack is faulty, etc.

[0316] In this embodiment of the application, in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack, the first battery pack is used to supply power to the first load, thereby improving power supply stability.

[0317] In one embodiment of this application, when the charging time of the second battery pack 400 is less than the charging time of the first battery pack 300, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through a voltage conversion circuit before the charging device charges the second battery pack 400.

[0318] It is understandable that the charging capacity of the second battery pack 400 is better than that of the first battery pack 300. Therefore, in order to enable the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be fully charged at the same time, the second battery pack 400 can be controlled to charge the first battery pack 300 through a voltage conversion circuit before the charging device charges the second battery pack 400. This will transfer the energy in the second battery pack 400 to the first battery pack 300, so that the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 can be fully charged at the same time as much as possible during the charging process.

[0319] It should be noted that the charging time of the second battery pack 400 in this embodiment refers to the time required for the second battery pack 400 to be fully charged, and the charging time of the first battery pack 300 refers to the time required for the first battery pack 300 to be fully charged.

[0320] In practical applications, the charging time of the second battery pack 400 can be determined based on the battery capacity and charging rate of the second battery pack 400, and the charging time of the first battery pack 300 can be determined based on the battery capacity and charging rate of the first battery pack 300.

[0321] In practical applications, the battery capacity and charging rate of the second battery pack 400 can be obtained by looking up a table, or they can be estimated based on the battery state of the second battery pack 400. Similarly, the battery capacity and charging rate of the first battery pack 300 can be obtained by looking up a table, or they can be estimated based on the battery state of the first battery pack 300.

[0322] In one embodiment of this application, during the process of controlling the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300, the controller 1200 can also compare whether the charging time of the second battery pack 400 and the charging time of the first battery pack 300 are the same. If they are the same, the charging operation of the second battery pack 400 to the first battery pack 300 can be stopped.

[0323] In one embodiment of this application, the controller 1200 can also estimate the possible charging time through the charging device based on the battery status of the second battery pack 400, such as the remaining power, the location of the charging device, the current location of the vehicle, and charging habits, and pre-set the charging time of the first battery pack 300 through the second battery pack 400 before starting charging.

[0324] In this embodiment of the application, when the charging time of the second battery pack 400 is less than the charging time of the first battery pack 300, the energy of the second battery pack 400 is transferred to the first battery pack 300 in advance before charging, so as to control the two battery packs to be fully charged at the same time as much as possible, thereby reducing energy loss.

[0325] In one implementation, if the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300, which has not been discharged or charged for a first preset period of time, is less than 30%, the second battery pack 400 can be controlled to charge the first battery pack 300 through a voltage conversion circuit so that the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is maintained within the range of 20% to 80%.

[0326] In another implementation, if the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is greater than 70% after a first preset time without discharge or charging, the first battery pack 300 can be controlled to charge the second battery pack 400 through a voltage conversion circuit so that the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is maintained in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0327] In another implementation, if the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300, which has not been discharged or charged for a first preset period of time, is in the range of 20% to 80%, the second battery pack 400 can be controlled to charge the first battery pack 300 through a voltage conversion circuit, or the first battery pack 300 can be controlled to charge the second battery pack 400 through a voltage conversion circuit, and the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 can be maintained in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0328] In practical applications, the aforementioned first preset duration can be set according to actual working conditions, chemical material system of the first battery pack 300, and other information.

[0329] In this embodiment of the application, when the first battery pack 300 is not charged or discharged for a first preset time, controlling the first battery pack 300 to discharge or charge can reduce the impact of long-term non-use on the service life of the battery pack, thereby extending the service life of the first battery pack 300 and the service life of the entire battery system.

[0330] In one embodiment of this application, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the first battery pack 300 to output a first voltage to the first load through a voltage conversion circuit when the first battery pack 300 has not been charged or discharged for a second preset period of time.

[0331] In this embodiment, the second preset duration can be set based on actual operating conditions, the chemical material system of the first battery pack 300, and other information. The second preset duration can be the same as the first preset duration or different from the first preset duration.

[0332] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 is controlled to output a first voltage to the first load through a voltage conversion circuit, that is, the first battery pack 300 is directly used as a power supply to discharge to the external load, so that the first battery pack 300 is no longer unused, which can reduce the impact of long-term disuse on the service life of the battery pack, thereby extending the service life of the first battery pack 300 and the service life of the entire battery system.

[0333] Referring to Figures 18 and 19, in some embodiments, the housing 100 is provided with a battery cavity 101, which includes a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012. A first battery pack 300 is disposed in the first battery cavity 1011, and a second battery pack 400 is disposed in the second battery cavity 1012. A partition structure 30 is provided between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. The partition structure 30 is capable of blocking at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in the event of thermal runaway.

[0334] The housing 100 contains a battery cavity 101 and a partition structure 30. The battery cavity 101 is used to accommodate individual battery cells. The partition structure 30 is a structure that can divide the internal space of the housing 100. For example, the partition structure 30 may include partition beams, partition plates, blocks, barrier nets, etc. The partition structure 30 divides the battery cavity 101, so that the battery cavity 101 forms at least one first battery cavity 1011 and one second battery cavity 1012. There are various arrangements of the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. For example, the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 are arranged along the width direction of the housing 100.

[0335] The first battery pack 300 includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs, and the second battery pack 400 includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 include different battery packs. The first battery cell 310 may refer to a battery cell in the first battery pack 300, and the second battery cell 410 may refer to a battery cell in the second battery pack 400.

[0336] The multiple first battery cells 310 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. In this way, multiple smaller first battery cells 310 are combined into a first battery pack 300 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery device.

[0337] The multiple second battery cells 410 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. In this way, multiple smaller second battery cells 410 are combined into a second battery pack 400 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery device.

[0338] In some examples, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 may be of the same type or different types.

[0339] As an example, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also be connected to form a battery module, with some battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack 300 and other battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack 300.

[0340] When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure substances inside the battery cell are discharged outwards as waste. This method allows the battery cell to release pressure under controllable conditions, thereby preventing potentially more serious accidents.

[0341] The emissions from battery cells mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of separators, high-temperature and high-pressure gases generated by the reaction, flames, etc.

[0342] In some embodiments, the separator 30 may include a fully sealed structure and / or a semi-sealed structure, such that the separator 30 is able to block at least a portion of the emissions emitted after thermal runaway of the battery cell. For example, the separator 30 is able to block at least particles, including dissolved or broken positive and negative electrode sheets, fragments of separators, etc.; for example, the separator 30 may also be configured to block both particles and gases.

[0343] The partition structure 30 is disposed between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. If the first battery cell 310 in the first battery cavity 1011 experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the partition structure 30 can prevent the emissions from flowing into the second battery cavity 1012. If the second battery cell 410 in the second battery cavity 1012 experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the partition structure 30 can also prevent the emissions from flowing into the first battery cavity 1011.

[0344] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack 300 is disposed in the first battery cavity 1011, and the second battery pack 400 is disposed in the second battery cavity 1012. A partition structure 30 capable of blocking at least part of the emissions is provided between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. Thus, if one of the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400 experiences thermal runaway, the partition structure 30 can prevent emissions from flowing to the other battery pack, allowing the other battery pack to operate normally and provide power to the electrical device, thereby improving the operational reliability of the battery device. Simultaneously, because the partition structure 30 is provided between the first battery cavity 1011 containing the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cavity 1012 containing the second battery cell 410, the risk of thermal runaway of the entire battery device caused by thermal runaway of a single battery cell can be effectively reduced, and the risk of thermal runaway propagation is also reduced.

[0345] In some embodiments, the partition structure 30 is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012.

[0346] If the separation structure 30 can seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012, then the separation structure 30 can completely block the emissions generated after the thermal runaway of the battery cell, including particles and gases.

[0347] Optionally, the partition structure 30 includes a partition beam that is sealed to the inner wall of the housing 100 to seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012.

[0348] By adopting the above technical solution, the separation structure 30 can seal and isolate the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012, so that there is no gas flow between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. The emissions generated after thermal runaway of one of the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 will not be discharged into the cavity space of the other, further reducing the risk of thermal runaway propagation between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and improving the reliability of the battery device.

[0349] In some embodiments, the housing 100 includes a tray 10 and a cover 20, the cover 20 and the tray 10 are disposed opposite each other along a first direction, and the cover 20 covers the tray 10; the partition structure 30 divides the housing 100 into a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012, and the partition structure 30 is connected to the cover 20 and the tray 10 on opposite sides along the first direction, respectively.

[0350] In some embodiments, the tray 10 and the cover 20 are arranged opposite each other along a first direction (Z direction in FIG. 19) and together enclose the receiving space of the box 100, where the first direction is the height direction of the box 100. One end of the tray 10 is provided with an opening, and the cover 20 covers the tray 10 and closes the opening of the tray 10. Optionally, the tray 10 includes a base plate and a frame, the base plate and the cover 20 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction, and both ends of the frame are respectively connected to the base plate and the cover 20, wherein the base plate and the frame can be an integral structure or a separate structure that is fixedly connected.

[0351] The cover 20 can be a plate or a box with one end open. When the battery device is installed in the electrical device, the cover 20 can be a top cover 20 located above the tray 10 or a bottom cover 20 located below the tray 10.

[0352] A partition structure 30 is disposed within the housing 100 and is used to divide the housing 100 into a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012. The partition structure 30 enables the first battery cavity 1011 to be fully or partially sealed. The partition structure 30 is connected to the cover 20 and the tray 10 on opposite sides along a first direction. For example, the partition structure 30 includes a partition beam that extends along the length of the housing 100. The two ends of the partition beam along the first direction are connected to the cover 20 and the tray 10, respectively, and the two ends of the partition beam along its extension direction are connected to the inner wall of the tray 10, thereby enabling the partition beam to divide the housing 100 into the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012 arranged along its width direction. It is understood that the partition structure 30 can also be other structures. For example, the partition structure 30 divides the housing 100 into a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012 arranged along its length direction. Or, the partition structure 30 divides the housing 100 into a first battery cavity 1011 and a second battery cavity 1012 arranged along a first direction.

[0353] By adopting the above technical solution, the partition structure 30 can connect the cover 20 and the tray 10, and divide the space inside the box 100 into the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. The partition structure 30 simultaneously plays the role of spatial isolation and blocking emissions, and has a simple structure.

[0354] In some embodiments, the cover 20 seals the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012. The housing 100 also includes a sealing element 40. A sealing element 40 is provided between the partition structure 30 and the cover 20, and / or between the cover 20 and the tray 10.

[0355] The space inside the tray 10 can accommodate the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and the cover 20 is sealed on the tray 10, so that the cover 20 can seal the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012.

[0356] The housing 100 also includes a sealing element 40, which is a structural component used for sealing. The sealing element 40 can be a gasket, seal, sealing film, etc., and the material of the sealing element 40 can be silicone, rubber, foam, or composite material. The sealing element 40 can seal the gap between the separating structure 30 and the housing 100.

[0357] For example, a sealing element 40 is provided between the partition structure 30 and the cover 20, so that the sealing element 40 can seal the gap between the partition structure 30 and the cover 20. For example, the partition structure 30 is a partition beam fixedly provided in the tray 10, and the partition structure 30 and the tray 10 can be integrally formed, then the sealing element 40 only needs to be provided between the partition structure 30 and the cover 20.

[0358] For example, a seal 40 is provided between the partition structure 30 and the tray 10, so that the seal 40 can seal the gap between the partition structure 30 and the tray 10.

[0359] In some embodiments, a sealing element 40 is provided between the cover 20 and the tray 10, which can seal the gap between the cover 20 and the tray 10, so that the sealing performance between the cover 20 and the tray 10 is better.

[0360] In some embodiments, the seal 40 is an integral structure including a sealing frame and a sealing strip disposed within the sealing frame. The sealing frame is located between the cover 20 and the tray 10, and the sealing strip is located on one side of the partition structure 30 along the first direction. This not only provides a good sealing effect but also facilitates assembly. It is understood that multiple seals 40 can also be provided separately.

[0361] By setting the seal 40, the sealing effect between the partition structure 30 and the cover 20 and / or tray 10 can be improved, thereby improving the sealing and isolation effect between the first battery cavity 1011 and the second battery cavity 1012, reducing the risk of emissions flowing between different cavities and the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0362] In some embodiments, the housing 100 has an output interface for connecting to the power supply circuit of a load; a plurality of first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal 320; a plurality of second battery cells 410 in the second battery pack 400 are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal 420; the housing 100 is further provided with an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components 200, at least a portion of the electrical components 200 are electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the output interface, at least a portion of the electrical components 200 are electrically connected to the second main terminal 420 and the output interface, and the output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity.

[0363] Electrical component 200 includes parts for managing and distributing electrical energy output and input of the battery device, and may also include electrical components 200 for managing and detecting the operation of the battery device.

[0364] The power supply circuit of the load can refer to the power supply circuit of the load. The output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the load, and the electrical device can supply power to the load.

[0365] The output interface can refer to the electrical connection interface on the cavity wall of the electrical cavity. The output interface can be electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 through some or all of the electrical components 200. The output interface can also be electrically connected to the second main terminal 420 through some or all of the electrical components 200. The output interface is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the load, so that the electrical energy of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be output to the load to supply power to the load. The output interface is also a connection bridge between the battery device and the load, and has the function of realizing electrical energy transmission.

[0366] The wall of the electrical cavity is provided with a through hole, and the output interface is sealed and installed in the through hole, and is exposed outside the housing 100 to facilitate the electrical connection between the output interface and the load.

[0367] In some examples, the output interface may include one or more connectors, and the number of loads may be one or more. Multiple loads may be electrically connected to the battery device through a single connector, or multiple loads may be electrically connected to the battery device through multiple connectors. Connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc. Loads may include, but are not limited to, motors, air conditioners, compressors, batteries, etc.

[0368] In use, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the load through the output interface, and both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to connect and disconnect from the load.

[0369] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the output interface can be directly passed through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity, which can shorten the wiring distance.

[0370] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting a power supply circuit to the first load; the electrical component 200 includes a first voltage conversion device, and at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first output interface through a first voltage conversion module to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V.

[0371] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load, the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting a power supply circuit to the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface through a first voltage conversion module to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V.

[0372] The first load can refer to a load with a supply voltage of the first voltage; the first voltage is greater than or equal to 150V, and the first voltage can be any value above 150V; for example, the first voltage can be, but is not limited to, 150V, 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 1000V, and 1500V. For ease of explanation, in the embodiments of this application, the first voltage is referred to as high voltage, and the first load is referred to as high voltage load.

[0373] As an example, in a vehicle, loads are divided into high-voltage loads and low-voltage loads. High-voltage loads can include at least one of the vehicle's front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system is used to drive the front wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system is used to drive the rear wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer. Low-voltage loads include loads such as the vehicle's electronic control system, in-vehicle refrigerator, in-vehicle air conditioner, and 12V / 48V battery.

[0374] The power supply circuit of the first load can refer to the power supply circuit of the first load. The first output interface is electrically connected to the power supply circuit of the first load, and the battery device can supply power to the first load.

[0375] The first output interface can refer to the interface among the output interfaces used for electrical connection with the first load. The first output interface is electrically connected to the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the first output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load, so that both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can output to provide the first voltage to the first load.

[0376] The voltage at the first main terminal is the output voltage of the first battery pack. The voltage at the second main terminal is the output voltage of the second battery pack.

[0377] The first voltage conversion module is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack may differ from the first voltage required by the first load, the first voltage conversion module is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the first voltage of the first load, the first voltage conversion module may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the first voltage of the first load, it may perform a step-up operation. The first voltage conversion module can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc. The first voltage conversion module can be a unidirectional voltage conversion module or a bidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0378] In some examples, the first main terminal is electrically connected to the first load via a first voltage conversion module, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal into the first voltage so that the first battery pack can supply power to the first load.

[0379] In some examples, the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first load via a first voltage conversion module, which converts the voltage of the second main terminal into the first voltage, enabling the second battery pack to supply power to the first load.

[0380] In some examples, both the first main terminal and the second main terminal are electrically connected to the first load via a first voltage conversion module. The first voltage conversion module is used to convert the voltage of the first main terminal and the second main terminal into the first voltage, so that both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can supply power to the first load.

[0381] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, when the voltage of the first main terminal and / or the second main terminal is not the first voltage, it can be converted into the first voltage required by the first load through the first voltage conversion module, enabling the first load to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery device. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the service life of the first load and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the battery device. Furthermore, the first voltage conversion module and the electrical components within the electrical cavity are highly integrated, resulting in a small footprint. Placing the first voltage conversion module within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion module.

[0382] In some embodiments, the load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting to a power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface through a second voltage conversion module to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0383] The second load can refer to a load whose supply voltage is a second voltage; the second voltage is less than or equal to 60V, and the second voltage can be any value above or below 60V; for example, the second voltage can be, but is not limited to, 1V, 5V, 10V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 30V, 45V, 48V, 50V, 55V, and 60V. For ease of explanation, in the embodiments of this application, the second voltage is referred to as low voltage, and the second load is referred to as low-voltage load.

[0384] The power supply circuit of the second load can refer to the power supply circuit of the second load. The second output interface is electrically connected to the power supply circuit of the second load, and the battery device can supply power to the second load.

[0385] The second voltage conversion module is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack may differ from the second voltage required by the second load, the second voltage conversion module is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the second voltage of the second load, the second voltage conversion module may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the second voltage of the second load, it may perform a step-up operation. The second voltage conversion module can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.

[0386] In some examples, the first main terminal is electrically connected to the second load via a second voltage conversion module, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal into a second voltage so that the first battery pack can supply power to the second load.

[0387] In some examples, the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second load via a second voltage conversion module, which converts the voltage of the second main terminal into a second voltage so that the second battery pack can supply power to the second load.

[0388] In some examples, the first main terminal and the second main terminal are electrically connected to the second load through a second voltage conversion module. The second voltage conversion module is used to convert the voltage of the first main terminal and the second main terminal into a second voltage, so that both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can supply power to the second load.

[0389] In some cases, electrical devices (e.g., vehicles) typically have a circuit that provides a second voltage to a second load. This embodiment adds an additional circuit that uses a first battery pack and / or a second battery pack to provide the second voltage to the second load, thus forming two power supply circuits for the second load. This creates a low-voltage redundant system. If one of the power supply circuits for the second load fails, the first and / or second battery packs can still supply power to the load, allowing the second load to continue operating stably. Furthermore, the second voltage conversion module and the electrical components within the electrical cavity are highly integrated, resulting in a small footprint. Placing the second voltage conversion module within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion module.

[0390] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting to a power supply circuit of the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface via a first voltage conversion module to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V; the load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting to a power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, at least one of the second main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface via a second voltage conversion module to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0391] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, an additional circuit is added to provide a second voltage to the second load using the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load. This ensures that if the original power supply circuit for the second load fails, the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack can still supply power to the load, allowing the second load to continue operating stably. Furthermore, the first and second voltage conversion modules are highly integrated with the electrical components within the electrical cavity, resulting in a small footprint. Placing the first and second voltage conversion modules within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery pack thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion module.

[0392] In some embodiments, the housing further includes an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components. The housing includes an electrical cavity partition for sealing and isolating the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity. The electrical cavity partition has mounting holes. The battery device also includes an adapter that is sealed through the mounting holes. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least some of the electrical components in the electrical cavity.

[0393] The electrical cavity separator seals and isolates the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity, and also seals and isolates the electrical cavity from the second battery cavity. It can be understood that the electrical cavity separator may also seal and isolate one of the first and second battery cavities from the electrical cavity, while allowing the other to be connected to or partially sealed away from the electrical cavity. For example, if the thermal runaway risk of the first battery pack is higher than that of the second battery pack, then the electrical cavity separator seals and isolates the first battery cavity from the electrical cavity.

[0394] An electrical cavity partition is a partition that can provide a sealing and isolation function. Optionally, the electrical cavity partition may include structures such as partition beams, partition plates, and sealing strips.

[0395] In some embodiments, the electrical cavity and the battery cavity are located on the same layer of the housing, and the electrical cavity partition is a partition beam structure. Optionally, the first and second battery cavities are arranged along the length direction of the housing, while the electrical cavity and battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing, so that the partition structure intersects the electrical cavity partition perpendicularly. It can be understood that the structure of the electrical cavity partition can be set according to the structure and position of the electrical cavity. In other embodiments, the electrical cavity is arranged in two layers with the first and second battery cavities. Optionally, the first and second battery cavities are located on one layer, and the electrical cavity is located on another layer. In this case, the electrical cavity partition is a partition plate.

[0396] The adapter is a conductive connecting element. The electrical cavity partition has a through-hole mounting hole, and the adapter is sealed through this hole. Optionally, the adapter has a sealing component, which seals the gap between the mounting hole and the adapter.

[0397] Optionally, the first battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity, and the first battery cavity is isolated from the second battery cavity. The two ends of the adapter are located in the first battery cavity and the electrical cavity, respectively. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to the first battery pack, and the other end is electrically connected to the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the first battery pack is electrically connected to the electrical components through the adapter. In this way, when thermal runaway occurs in the first battery cavity, the impact on the electrical cavity and the second battery cavity can be reduced.

[0398] Optionally, the second battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity, and the first battery cavity is isolated from the second battery cavity. The two ends of the adapter are located in the second battery cavity and the electrical cavity, respectively. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to the second main terminal, and the other end is electrically connected to the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the second battery pack is electrically connected to the electrical components through the adapter. In this way, when the first battery cavity experiences thermal runaway, the impact on the electrical cavity and the first battery cavity can be reduced.

[0399] Preferably, the electrical cavity is sealed and isolated from both the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, so that the emissions generated after the thermal runaway of the first battery cell and / or the second battery cell are not easily discharged into the electrical cavity, making the electrical components less susceptible to the effects of thermal runaway of the battery cells and reducing the impact of thermal runaway on the battery device. Furthermore, if both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can be connected to the load through electrical components, if one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the other may still be electrically connected to the load through the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the battery device can still supply power to the load, thereby improving the reliability of the battery device.

[0400] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber, the first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway, and the second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway.

[0401] The pressure relief mechanism on the enclosure can release the pressure inside the enclosure when actuated. The pressure relief mechanism can be in the form of an explosion-proof valve, air valve, pressure relief valve or safety valve, etc., and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive element or structure. When the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or a weak part in the pressure relief mechanism breaks, an opening or channel is formed for the internal pressure to be released.

[0402] "Actuation" of a pressure relief mechanism refers to the mechanism being activated or brought to a certain state, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the housing. The actions of the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to: at least one part of the mechanism rupturing, breaking, tearing, or opening, etc.

[0403] The housing is equipped with one or more pressure relief mechanisms. In some embodiments, the housing is equipped with at least one pressure relief mechanism, and the housing contains a pressure relief chamber. The pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber. If the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the first battery chamber can connect to the pressure relief chamber and, under preset conditions, be depressurized through the pressure relief mechanism. If the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the second battery chamber can connect to the pressure relief chamber and, under preset conditions, be depressurized through the pressure relief mechanism.

[0404] By adopting the above technical solution, a pressure relief chamber is set up to form a pressure relief space on the housing. Both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can release pressure to the outside of the housing through the pressure relief chamber and the pressure relief mechanism, thereby reducing the impact of thermal runaway of one battery pack on the other battery pack. Furthermore, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can share a pressure relief chamber and pressure relief mechanism, reducing the cost of the pressure relief mechanism.

[0405] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG19, the housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism, the first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism.

[0406] The first battery chamber is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, so that the discharge from the first battery chamber can be discharged to the outside of the housing through the first pressure relief mechanism. The second battery chamber is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism, so that the discharge from the first battery chamber can be discharged to the outside of the housing through the second pressure relief mechanism.

[0407] Since the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber are isolated, by setting a first pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the first battery chamber and a second pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the second battery chamber, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can be depressurized independently, and are less likely to affect each other, thus improving the reliability of the battery device.

[0408] It is understandable that there are more than two pressure relief mechanisms. For example, if the box is equipped with a sealed and isolated first battery chamber, second battery chamber and third battery chamber, then there can be three pressure relief mechanisms.

[0409] Referring to Figures 19 to 24, in some embodiments, the battery device further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.

[0410] When an electrochemical reaction occurs inside a battery cell, heat is generated. As the battery is cycled, the cells continuously generate heat, causing the internal temperature of the battery pack to gradually rise and affecting its performance. Thermal management components are used to regulate the temperature of the battery cells, including cooling them down or heating them up in low-temperature environments to bring them back to their normal operating temperature range.

[0411] The thermal management component contains heat exchange channels for the flow of a heat exchange medium, which can be a fluid (liquid) or a gas. Temperature regulation refers to heating or cooling multiple battery cells. Optionally, the fluid can be circulating to achieve better temperature regulation. The fluid can be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, etc. For example, in the case of cooling or lowering the temperature of battery cells, the thermal management component contains a cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of multiple battery cells. In this case, the thermal management component can also be called a cooling component, cooling system, or cooling plate, and the fluid it contains can be called a cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, a coolant or a cooling gas. When the fluid contained in the thermal management component is a coolant, the thermal management component can also be called a liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate contacts the battery cells and can be used to reduce the temperature of the battery cells to prevent thermal runaway.

[0412] In this embodiment, the thermal management component can perform thermal management on at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, enabling the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to operate within their optimal operating range, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the battery device and extending its service life.

[0413] In some embodiments, the thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component, wherein the first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on a first battery pack and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on a second battery pack.

[0414] A first sub-thermal management component is configured corresponding to a first battery pack, and a second sub-thermal management component is configured corresponding to a second battery pack. In some embodiments, the battery cavity includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity, in which case the first sub-thermal management component is configured corresponding to the first battery cavity, and the second sub-thermal management component is configured corresponding to the second battery cavity.

[0415] In some other embodiments, the first battery cell and the second battery cell are not isolated, and the first sub-thermal management component corresponds to the first battery cell, and the second sub-thermal management component corresponds to the second battery cell.

[0416] The first and second sub-thermal management components may be of the same or different types.

[0417] For example, both the first thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component are thermal management components used to exchange heat on the large surface of the battery cell. The first thermal management component includes a first heat exchange tube and a first current collector, and the second thermal management component includes a second heat exchange tube and a second current collector.

[0418] Optionally, the heat exchange areas of the first thermal management component and the second thermal management component are different. For example, the first heat exchange tube in the first thermal management component is relatively sparse, and a single large surface of the first battery cell exchanges heat with the first heat exchange tube; the second heat exchange tube in the second thermal management component is relatively dense, and both large surfaces of the second battery cell exchange heat with the second heat exchange tube. The aforementioned "large surface" refers to the surface with the largest area in the battery cell.

[0419] Optionally, the first thermal management component is a heat exchange plate that cools the bottom of the battery cell, and the second thermal management component is a thermal management component that exchanges heat on the large surface of the battery cell, which includes multiple second heat exchange tubes and second current collectors.

[0420] In addition, the first thermal management component and / or the second sub-thermal management component may also be thermal management components that exchange heat on the shoulder of the battery cell.

[0421] By adopting the above technical solution, the first and second battery packs are thermally managed through corresponding sub-thermal management components. The structures of the first and second thermal management components can be flexibly configured to adapt to the heat exchange requirements of the battery packs. Furthermore, if one sub-thermal management component fails due to blockage or other reasons, the other sub-thermal management component can still operate normally, improving the overall thermal management reliability of the battery device. Configuring independent thermal management components for the first and second battery packs creates a redundant configuration of the thermal management equipment. If one of the first or second thermal management systems malfunctions, it does not affect the use of the other thermal management component; or if either the first or second battery pack malfunctions, it will not damage the thermal management component of the other battery pack, thereby improving the redundancy of the battery system. Furthermore, the first and second thermal management components have different heat exchange structures. By configuring different thermal management structures, zoned thermal management and zoned heat dissipation can be achieved, better matching the different needs of the battery packs.

[0422] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet (not shown) and a third outlet (not shown) communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component.

[0423] The housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet that communicate with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet that communicate with the second sub-thermal management component.

[0424] Optionally, the battery chamber includes a first battery chamber and a second battery chamber. A first inlet and a first outlet are correspondingly disposed on the wall of the first battery chamber, and are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component. A second inlet and a second outlet are correspondingly disposed on the wall of the second battery chamber, and are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component. Optionally, the first inlet and the first outlet are arranged vertically, and the second inlet and the second outlet are also arranged vertically to save space. Optionally, the first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet, and the second outlet are located on the same side of the housing for easy connection to the heat exchange medium source. Similarly, the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component are equipped with independent inlets and outlets, forming a redundant configuration from the inflow and outflow of the heat exchange medium, further improving the safety redundancy of the thermal management system.

[0425] In another embodiment, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first and second sub-thermal management components. The first and second sub-thermal management components each have heat exchange channels communicating with the third inlet and the third outlet, respectively. The third inlet and the third outlet are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first and second sub-thermal management components. Optionally, the thermal management component is provided with a channel for diverting flow to the first and second sub-thermal management components; the first and second sub-thermal management components can be arranged in parallel; alternatively, the first and second sub-thermal management components can also be arranged in series, or in a series-parallel configuration.

[0426] By adopting the above technical solution, both the first and second sub-thermal management components can form a circulating flow path, which facilitates connection to the heat exchange medium source.

[0427] Referring to Figures 1 to 9, in some embodiments, the number of first battery chambers and second battery chambers can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery chambers and second battery chambers includes one or more of the following:

[0428] Arrangement (1): The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the length of the box;

[0429] Arrangement method (2): The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the box;

[0430] Arrangement method (3): The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the height direction of the box;

[0431] Arrangement (4): One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located in one corner of the box;

[0432] Arrangement (5): Several first battery chambers and several second battery chambers are arranged alternately.

[0433] The number of first battery chambers and second battery chambers can be one or more. If there are multiple first battery chambers, each first battery chamber is used to accommodate a first battery pack, or each first battery chamber accommodates several first battery cells in a first battery pack. If there are multiple second battery chambers, each second battery chamber is used to accommodate a second battery pack, or each second battery chamber accommodates several second battery cells in a second battery pack.

[0434] The length direction of the housing is the direction of its longest side, the width direction is the direction of its second longest side, and the height direction is the direction of its shortest side. For example, if the housing includes a tray and a cover positioned opposite each other along a first direction, then the first direction is the height direction of the housing. If the battery pack is used in a vehicle, then the length direction of the housing can be, but is not limited to, the front-rear direction of the vehicle. If the cross-section of the housing is approximately square, then the length, width, and height directions of the housing can be defined according to the placement of the battery pack, etc.

[0435] Referring to Figure 8(a), the first and second battery cavities are arranged along the width of the housing; referring to Figure 8(b), the first and second battery cavities are arranged along the length of the housing; referring to Figure 8(c), the first battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing, and the second battery cavity is located in the remaining part of the battery cavity; referring to Figure 8(d), along the length of the housing, the first battery cavity, the second battery cavity, and another first battery cavity are arranged alternately, wherein the two first battery cavities can each accommodate a portion of the first battery cells in the first battery pack, or the two first battery cavities can each accommodate one first battery pack; or, referring to Figure 8(d), the first battery cavity, the second battery cavity, and the third battery cavity are arranged sequentially, and the third battery cavity is used to accommodate the third battery pack, which includes multiple third battery cells. Of course, the arrangement of the first and second battery cavities can also include various of the above-mentioned arrangements.

[0436] In the battery device provided in this application embodiment, the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be varied, with high flexibility. Specifically, it can be set according to the applicable scenario, the system of the battery cell, and other requirements to meet various usage needs.

[0437] In addition, the arrangement of the first battery cell in the first battery cavity and the arrangement of the second battery cell in the second battery cavity can be varied, and can be combined with the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity to meet various usage requirements.

[0438] In some embodiments, within the first battery cavity, a plurality of first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing; within the second battery cavity, a plurality of first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing.

[0439] As shown in Figures 9(a), (b), and (d), in the first battery cavity, multiple first battery cells are arranged along the length and width of the housing, and / or, in the second battery cavity, multiple second battery cells are arranged along the length and width of the housing. It is understood that the number of first and second battery cells may be the same or different, and the number of rows and / or columns of the first and second battery cells may also be the same or different.

[0440] As shown in Figure 9(c), the long side of the first battery cell is aligned with the width of the first battery cavity. Inside the first battery cavity, multiple first battery cells are arranged in a row along the length or width of the housing. The first battery cell may be, but is not limited to, a blade battery. Alternatively, inside the second battery cavity, multiple second battery cells are arranged in a row along the length or width of the housing. The second battery cells may be, but are not limited to, a blade battery.

[0441] As shown in Figure 9(b), the long side of the first battery cell is aligned with the length of the first battery cavity. Within the first battery cavity, multiple first battery cells are arranged in multiple rows along the length of the first battery cavity and in multiple columns along the width of the first battery cavity. Alternatively, within the second battery cavity, multiple second battery cells are arranged in multiple rows along the length of the first battery cavity and in multiple columns along the width of the second battery cavity.

[0442] In addition, multiple first battery cells can be arranged in multiple layers along the height of the housing, and / or multiple second battery cells can be arranged in multiple layers along the height of the housing.

[0443] It should be noted that in any arrangement, the first battery cell and / or the second battery cell can be placed upright, upside down, or flat inside the casing. Upright means that the battery cell's terminals are set vertically upwards, upside down means that the battery cell's terminals are set vertically downwards, and flat means that the battery cell's terminals are facing the horizontal direction.

[0444] In the battery device provided in this application embodiment, the arrangement of the first battery cell and the second battery cell in the battery cavity can be varied, with high flexibility. Specifically, it can be set according to the applicable cavity space, scenario, battery cell system, energy density and other requirements to meet various usage needs.

[0445] In some embodiments, the negative electrode-free battery cell meets one of the following conditions: (1) when the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (2) when the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 40kWh; (3) when the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

[0446] For example, this includes lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells with a volumetric energy density of 450 Wh / L to 2000 Wh / L. For instance, in a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell: the positive electrode active material includes lithium iron phosphate, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 450 to 700 Wh / L. Alternatively, the positive electrode active material can include two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 600 to 1000 Wh / L. Or, the positive electrode active material can include lithium-containing transition metal oxides, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 650 to 2000 Wh / L. By adjusting the type of positive electrode active material, the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively controlled. At the same time, the cycle life of lithium-ion electrodeless batteries with different positive electrode active materials also varies. Therefore, based on the frequency of the battery system's use of the second battery pack and the planned amount of electricity or mileage to replenish the first battery pack, different types of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells can be selected.

[0447] The negative electrode-free battery cell includes one or more of lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells and sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells.

[0448] A lithium-ion battery without a negative electrode (AFB) is a lithium-ion battery manufactured without a conventional negative electrode active material (such as graphite, silicon, silicon oxide, etc.) on the negative electrode current collector. A lithium metal layer is formed on the negative electrode during the first charge and discharge after battery assembly. Alternatively, a very thin layer of lithium metal can be pre-placed on the current collector surface as an initial lithium source to better guide lithium deposition.

[0449] Sodium-ion electrodeless battery cells operate on the same principle as lithium-ion electrodeless batteries, except that sodium ions are used instead.

[0450] Specifically, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and spinel-phase lithium-manganese-based oxide. Among them, olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate has a stable olivine structure, and during charging and discharging, the crystal structure changes little during lithium-ion insertion and extraction, maintaining structural stability and thus exhibiting excellent cycle performance. Optionally, the olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate. Taking lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide as an example, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide can achieve good cycle performance by optimizing the element ratio, and higher nickel content results in higher energy density. Optionally, the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide contains nickel, and the molar ratio of nickel to the total molar ratio of transition metal elements is 0.5 or higher, and more preferably 0.7 or higher. This results in higher energy density.

[0451] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell has a volumetric energy density of 450 Wh / L to 2000 Wh / L. For example, in the first battery cell, the positive electrode active material includes lithium iron phosphate, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 400 to 700 Wh / L. Alternatively, the positive electrode active material may include two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 600 to 1000 Wh / L. Alternatively, the positive electrode active material may include lithium-containing transition metal oxides, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 650 to 2000 Wh / L. By adjusting the type of positive electrode active material, the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively controlled. At the same time, the cycle life of lithium-ion electrodeless batteries with different positive electrode active materials also varies. Therefore, based on the frequency of the battery system's use of the first battery pack and the planned amount of electricity or mileage to replenish the second battery pack, different types of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells can be selected.

[0452] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0453] (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0454] (2) The thickness range of the current collector is 3μm to 8μm;

[0455] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm;

[0456] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa~1600MPa;

[0457] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm, and even more preferably, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5μm-25μm.

[0458] Using current collectors as negative electrodes not only significantly reduces battery costs but also enables batteries to achieve higher energy density. Specifically, the material of the negative electrode current collector in a negative electrode-free battery cell is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foils, such as copper foil.

[0459] Optionally, the thickness of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm. Current collectors within this thickness range are lightweight, which can improve energy density, reduce internal resistance, and optimize charge and discharge performance. Optionally, the surface roughness of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell is less than or equal to 0.3 μm, for example, 0.1 to 0.3 μm. The lower the roughness of the negative electrode current collector, the more uniform deposition sites it can provide for metal ions, which can better promote uniform metal deposition, reduce the probability of lithium dendrite formation, and improve the quality of the metal deposition layer. Optionally, the tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell can be from 400 MPa to 1600 MPa, for example, the tensile strength can be within the range of 400 MPa to 500 MPa, 500 MPa to 800 MPa, 800 MPa to 1000 MPa, 1000 MPa to 1200 MPa, 1200 MPa to 1600 MPa, etc. Higher tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector can better improve the structural stability of the battery cell, thereby extending battery life. Optionally, at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell is provided with a lithium metal layer. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer ranges from 3 μm to 30 μm, and more preferably, the thickness ranges from 5 μm to 25 μm. The lithium metal layer can reduce polarization, improve interface performance, and guide uniform lithium ion deposition.

[0460] In this embodiment of the application, the first battery cell, a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode, exhibits good cycle performance under charge-discharge conditions at a certain rate. For example:

[0461] (1) The lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of more than 100 cycles. Optionally, the cycle life is 150 to 400 cycles.

[0462] (2) The lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 50%, and the cycle life is more than 200 cycles. Optionally, the cycle life is 200 to 550 cycles.

[0463] (3) The lithium-ion battery without negative electrode is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30% for more than 400 cycles, and optionally, the cycle life is more than 550 cycles.

[0464] Among these, the charging rate, usually denoted by "C," is a crucial indicator of battery charging speed and represents the ratio of the battery's charging current to its rated capacity. The discharging rate, similarly denoted by "C," measures the battery's discharging speed and represents the ratio of the battery's discharging current to its rated capacity. The depth of discharge (DOD) is an important parameter for measuring the battery's state of discharge; it refers to the percentage of the battery's rated capacity that has been discharged during use, reflecting the extent of energy released from a fully charged state to its current state of discharge. By applying these charging and discharging rates, lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells exhibit better cycle life within a lower depth of discharge range.

[0465] (1) In the battery device housing, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is 0.05 to 10, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.1 to 8.0, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.12 to 6.0.

[0466] In the battery system of this application embodiment, the first battery cell and the second battery cell each independently include one or more of a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery, and at least one of the first battery cell and the second battery cell includes a secondary battery.

[0467] Optionally, both the first and second battery cells include a secondary battery.

[0468] Further optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell.

[0469] In the above-mentioned solutions, secondary batteries can be repeatedly charged and discharged hundreds to thousands of times. The energy cost per cycle is low, and the energy density is high, making them suitable for scenarios that require long-term battery life (such as electric vehicles, mobile phones, and energy storage power stations). Secondary batteries offer a wide range of material systems to choose from, with different chemical systems meeting diverse needs and adapting to various scenarios (automotive starting batteries, UPS power supplies, electric vehicles, drones, energy storage power stations, electric buses, hybrid vehicles, emergency equipment, etc.).

[0470] Lithium-ion batteries, depending on the form of the electrolyte, can include: lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion polymer batteries, and solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Sodium-ion batteries include sodium-ion batteries and sodium metal batteries.

[0471] Supercapacitors are suitable for scenarios requiring instantaneous high power, such as electric vehicle acceleration / braking energy recovery, power grid frequency regulation, and UPS power supply instantaneous compensation; they can meet the needs of frequent charging and discharging, such as power tools and crane lifting systems; and in extreme temperature environments, such as aerospace and polar equipment, the power and charging and discharging capabilities of supercapacitors can still be effectively utilized.

[0472] Specifically, the "different chemical systems" of the first and second battery cells can refer to differences in at least one material among the positive electrode active material, negative electrode active material, or electrolyte, thus exhibiting different chemical systems. Batteries with different chemical systems possess different performance characteristics, enabling complementary advantages to adapt to a wider range of applications.

[0473] The volumetric energy density of the second battery cell can range from 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 30kWh. For example, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell can be in the range of 200Wh / L to 400Wh / L, 400Wh / L to 500Wh / L, 500Wh / L to 800Wh / L, etc., specifically 200Wh / L, 250Wh / L, 300Wh / L, 350Wh / L, 400Wh / L, 450Wh / L, 500Wh / L, 550Wh / L, 600Wh / L, 700Wh / L, 800Wh / L, etc.; and the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh, for example, it can be 40kWh to 100kWh or 100kWh to 120kWh, or more than 120kWh, specifically 40kWh, 45kWh, 50kWh, 55kWh, 60kWh, 80kWh, 100kWh, etc. The aforementioned volumetric energy density of the second battery cell allows the second battery pack, with a certain lower limit of total capacity, to better meet daily mileage requirements as the main battery pack.

[0474] In some embodiments, each of the second battery cells is independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII:

[0475] (1) Battery cell I, which has high specific energy and its volumetric energy density is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion cell also includes silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide; optionally, at least one battery cell I is a lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0476] (2) Battery cell II, which has fast charging performance, and at 25°C, the equivalent charging rate of 10% SOC-80% SOC is greater than or equal to 2C. Optionally, the equivalent charging rate of 10% SOC-80% SOC of battery cell II is above 2.5C. Further optionally, the equivalent charging rate of 10%-80% SOC of battery cell II is above 4C.

[0477] (3) Battery cell III, battery cell III has high safety and thermal runaway temperature not lower than 250℃; and / or, battery cell III has overcharge boundary not lower than 140% SOC;

[0478] (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the battery cell IV has good low-temperature performance, and the charging time from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10℃ is less than or equal to 40 minutes; and / or, the battery cell IV retains more than 80% of its capacity when charged at 0.33C at an ambient temperature of -20℃; and / or, the battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.

[0479] (5) Battery cell V, battery cell V is an ultra-high power battery cell, which is discharged to the lower limit cutoff voltage at 5C rate under 50% SOC. For example, the lower limit cutoff voltage of LFP is 2.0V, and the lower limit cutoff voltage of NCM is generally 2.5V.

[0480] The discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and more preferably greater than or equal to 100s; and / or, when the battery cell V is at 50% SOC, it discharges at 3.5C for 10s, and the DC resistance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600W / kg and 5000W / kg.

[0481] (6) Battery cell VI, which has a long lifespan and has a cycle count of not less than 3,000 cycles when the battery cell reaches 70% SOH; optionally, not less than 4,000 cycles.

[0482] (7) Battery cell VII, battery cell VII has excellent high-temperature performance. After being stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95%; and / or, after being stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98%.

[0483] Specifically, a lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell can be understood as a cell where the positive electrode uses lithium iron phosphate as the active material, and the negative electrode uses at least graphite. A lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell can be understood as a cell where the positive electrode uses lithium manganese iron phosphate as the active material, and the negative electrode uses at least graphite. A hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell can be understood as a cell where the positive electrode active material includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the negative electrode uses at least graphite. A ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell in the second battery cell category can be understood as a cell where the positive electrode uses ternary positive electrode active material, and the negative electrode uses at least graphite. A semi-solid-state battery cell is a battery cell between liquid and all-solid-state batteries, where the electrolyte is in a semi-solid state, such as a gel electrolyte, combining some characteristics of both liquid and all-solid-state batteries. An all-solid-state battery cell is a battery cell where the electrolyte is entirely solid and no liquid electrolyte is present.

[0484] Among them, "lithium iron phosphate" and "lithium manganese iron phosphate" refer to substances with lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate as the main body. It can be understood that it also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate matrix. The doping elements include metal elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, and the coating materials can be carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, etc.

[0485] This application also provides an electrical device, including a first load and a second load; and a battery system as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0486] In some embodiments, the electrical device may include a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0487] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system for body control.

[0488] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which further includes an on-board charger (OBC) connected to the OBC, which is used to AC charge the vehicle.

[0489] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

[0490] This application also provides an electrical device, including a battery system as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0491] This application provides an electrical device including the aforementioned battery device. This electrical device can be an electric vehicle, such as an electric vehicle, electric ship, electric spacecraft, etc. The electric vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, etc. According to the drive method, the vehicle can be a front-wheel drive vehicle, a rear-wheel drive vehicle, or a four-wheel drive vehicle. The vehicle body is mounted on a chassis, and the chassis integrates an electric drive system. The electric drive system includes a battery device, a motor, and a motor controller. The battery device can serve as a drive power source to power the motor.

[0492] Electric vehicles mainly consist of a chassis, body, powertrain, and electrical system. The chassis includes, but is not limited to, the suspension, steering, braking, and transmission systems, and primarily functions to support the vehicle body, transmit power, and control the vehicle's driving posture. The body is the vehicle's outer shell, providing passenger space and protecting passenger safety; its design emphasizes lightweight construction and aerodynamics.

[0493] The power system includes a power battery (battery unit), a drive motor, and a motor controller. The power battery stores electrical energy and provides power to the vehicle; the drive motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. The motor controller coordinates the efficient operation of the battery unit and the motor, including energy management, power distribution, and system protection.

[0494] The electrical system includes various electronic devices and control systems, such as battery management systems, on-board chargers, air conditioning systems, lighting systems, and vehicle control systems, to monitor, control, and coordinate the various functions of the vehicle.

[0495] The basic architecture of an electric vehicle's power supply system mainly consists of a battery pack, a charging system, a DC / DC converter, and electrical loads. The battery pack is the core power source. The charging system includes AC and DC charging interfaces, allowing connection to an external power source to charge the battery pack. At least most of the high-voltage DC output from the battery pack is converted to three-phase AC power by the motor controller (inverter) to power the drive motor, which then drives the vehicle according to its driving needs. A smaller portion of the high-voltage DC output from the battery pack is converted to low-voltage DC power by the DC / DC converter to power the vehicle's low-voltage electrical systems, such as the onboard computer, dashboard, lights, and audio system. It also charges the vehicle's independently configured low-voltage (e.g., 12V, 24V) auxiliary battery to maintain its charge and ensure the stable operation of the vehicle's low-voltage equipment.

[0496] In this embodiment, the power device includes the battery system described in any of the above embodiments. Within the battery system, a high-energy-density first battery pack can be used to replenish the second battery pack to extend the driving range. Furthermore, the controller within the battery system can control the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than a first temperature threshold when the battery pack is in charging mode, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the second battery and the overall charging efficiency of the battery system.

[0497] In some embodiments, the electrical device can be a vehicle, which has a first load and a second load, as well as a battery system as described in any of the above embodiments. The battery system can provide at least two power supplies to the first load and at least two power supplies to the second load, thereby meeting the vehicle's redundant power supply requirements and improving the stability of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0498] In some embodiments, the first load includes the drive load within the vehicle, which can meet the redundant power supply requirements of the vehicle's drive system and improve vehicle safety.

[0499] In some embodiments, the second load includes functional loads within the vehicle, which can meet the redundant power supply requirements of the vehicle's electronic control system and improve vehicle safety.

[0500] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0501] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0502] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the electronic device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0503] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0504] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0505] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery system characterized by, include: The first battery pack includes at least one cell without a negative electrode; wherein the energy density of the first battery pack is higher than the energy density of the second battery pack. A heating system is used to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack; The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 40°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state.

2. The battery system of claim 1, wherein, The battery system is used to connect to the first load; The battery system further includes a second battery pack, which is connected to the first battery pack. The second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load.

3. The battery system of claim 2, wherein, The heating system includes a charging and discharging circuit; The controller is used to control the second battery pack and the first battery pack to charge and discharge each other through the charging and discharging circuit when the first battery pack is in charging condition, so as to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack.

4. The battery system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The heating system includes a thermal management circuit; The controller is used to control the thermal management circuit to heat the first battery pack when the first battery pack is in a charging state, so as to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack.

5. The battery system of claim 1, wherein, The heating system includes a voltage conversion circuit; The controller is used to control the voltage conversion circuit to output pulse current to the first battery pack when the first battery pack is in charging condition, so as to regulate the battery temperature of the first battery pack.

6. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The controller is configured to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the first battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C.

7. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein, The voltage conversion circuit is also connected to a second battery pack; The controller is also configured to, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, control the charging device to charge the second battery pack, and control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

8. The battery system of claim 7, wherein, The controller is used to control the charging device to charge the second battery pack when the charging current provided by the charging device is greater than the first current, and to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit. The first current includes the charging current required by the second battery pack and the charging current required by the first battery pack.

9. The battery system of claim 7, wherein, The controller is configured to determine the actual charging current of the second battery pack and the actual discharging current of the second battery pack to the first battery pack based on the remaining charge of the second battery pack and the remaining charge of the first battery pack when the charging current that the charging device can provide is not greater than the first current, and to control the charging device to charge the second battery pack based on the actual charging current of the second battery pack, and to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack based on the actual discharging current. The first current includes the charging current required by the second battery pack and the charging current required by the first battery pack.

10. The battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to, when the first battery pack is connected to the first charging device and the second battery pack is connected to the second charging device, control the first charging device to charge the first battery pack and control the second charging device to charge the second battery pack.

11. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein, The first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to the current distributor; The controller is also configured to, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, control the charging device to charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack through the current distributor, based on the requested charging current of the second battery pack and the requested charging current of the first battery pack.

12. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein, The voltage conversion circuit is connected to the second battery pack and the first battery pack, respectively. The controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit; and to control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load.

13. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 12, wherein, The controller is used to control the second battery pack to charge and discharge with the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, so that the remaining power of the first battery pack is within a preset range.

14. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 13, wherein, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit is connected to the second battery pack and the first battery pack respectively, and is used to control the second battery pack and the first battery pack to be connected in series.

15. The battery system of claim 12 or 13, wherein, The voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; The first voltage conversion device is connected to the second battery pack and the first battery pack, respectively; The second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.

16. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 15, wherein, The second battery pack is also used to provide a first voltage to the first load, and the first battery pack is also used to provide the first voltage to the first load through a voltage conversion circuit.

17. The battery system of claim 16, wherein, The voltage conversion circuit further includes: A second voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack, and the first battery pack is used to output the first voltage to the first load through the second voltage conversion device.

18. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 15, wherein, The second battery pack is also used to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, and the first battery pack is also used to provide the second voltage to the second load.

19. The battery system of claim 18, wherein, The voltage conversion circuit further includes: A third voltage converter is connected to the second battery pack, which is used to output the second voltage to the second load via the third voltage converter.

20. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 19, wherein, The controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state; The first preset state includes at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the second battery pack is lower than the charge threshold; (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the second battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single cell in the second battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

21. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 19, wherein, The controller is also configured to, in a second preset state, control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load; The second preset state includes the second battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the second battery pack is lower than the charge threshold; (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the second battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single cell in the second battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

22. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 21, wherein, The controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than a third threshold and the remaining charge of the second battery pack is greater than a fourth threshold.

23. The battery system of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein, The controller is also configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the voltage of any one of the negative electrode-free battery cells is less than a fifth threshold and the remaining charge of the second battery pack is greater than a fourth threshold.

24. The battery system of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein, If the charging time of the second battery pack is less than the charging time of the first battery pack, the controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit before the charging device charges the second battery pack.

25. The battery system of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein, The controller is also used to control the first battery pack to charge or discharge through the voltage conversion circuit when the first battery pack has not been charged or discharged for a first preset time, so that the remaining power of the first battery pack is in the range of 20% to 80%.

26. The battery system of any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein, The controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to output the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack.

27. The battery system of any one of claims 2 to 33, wherein, The battery system includes a battery device, which includes a housing. The housing has a battery cavity, which includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. A second battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, and the first battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure is capable of blocking at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the second battery pack and the first battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

28. The battery system of claim 27, wherein, The separation structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

29. The battery system of claim 27 or 28, wherein, The enclosure includes a frame, a bottom cover plate, and a top cover plate, wherein the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate are connected to opposite sides of the frame along a first direction; The partition structure includes a partition beam, with the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity located on both sides of the partition beam. The partition beam is connected to the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate on opposite sides along the first direction, and the two ends of the partition structure along its extension direction are connected to the frame.

30. The battery system of any one of claims 27 to 23, wherein, The battery device further includes a sealing gasket, wherein a sealing gasket is provided between the partition beam and the top cover plate, and the sealing gasket is provided between the frame and the top cover plate; and / or, the sealing gasket is provided between the partition beam and the bottom cover plate, and the sealing gasket is provided between the frame and the bottom cover plate.

31. The battery system of claim 30, wherein, The enclosure is further provided with an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components, and at least one of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity; The housing is provided with an electrical cavity separator, which is used to isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity.

32. The battery system of claim 31, wherein, The electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole, and the battery device further includes an adapter. The adapter is sealed through the mounting hole, one end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the second battery pack and the first battery pack, and the other end of the adapter is located inside the electrical cavity.

33. The battery system of claim 31 or 32, wherein, The electrical cavity, the first battery cavity, and the second battery cavity are arranged in the same layer; or, The electrical cavity, the first battery cavity, and the second battery cavity are arranged in two layers.

34. The battery system of any one of claims 27-33, wherein, The housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, through which the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber are depressurized.

35. The battery system of claim 34, wherein, The frame includes side beams, and the hollow cavities within the side beams form pressure relief chambers; the pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chambers, and the first battery cavity can communicate with the pressure relief chambers when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway; the second battery cavity can communicate with the pressure relief chambers when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway; and The pressure relief chamber is provided with a vent corresponding to the battery chamber, and each vent is provided with a sealing structure. The sealing structure can be actuated under preset conditions to connect the battery chamber and the pressure relief chamber.

36. The battery system of any one of claims 34-35, wherein, The housing is provided with multiple pressure relief mechanisms, with the first battery cavity corresponding to one pressure relief mechanism and the second battery cavity corresponding to another pressure relief mechanism.

37. The battery system of any one of claims 4-36, wherein, The thermal management circuit further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the second battery pack and / or the first battery pack.

38. The battery system of claim 37, wherein, The thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component. The first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack, and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack.

39. The battery system of claim 38, wherein, The first battery cell group and the negative electrode-free battery cell group are arranged in two layers; The thermal management component is located between the first battery cell group and the negative electrode-free battery cell group.

40. The battery system of any one of claims 27-39, wherein, The number of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity includes one or more of the following: (1) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged at least along the length direction of the housing; (2) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged at least along the width direction of the housing; (3) One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing; (4) A plurality of first battery cavities and a plurality of second battery cavities are arranged alternately.

41. The battery system of any one of claims 27-40, wherein, The housing contains a first exhaust channel corresponding to the second battery pack and a second exhaust channel corresponding to the first battery pack, with different exhaust paths for the first and second exhaust channels.

42. The battery system of claim 41, characterized in that, The first battery cell has a first cell pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to communicate with the first exhaust channel; The negative electrode-free battery cell has a second cell pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to communicate with the second exhaust channel. The first unit pressure relief mechanism and the second unit pressure relief mechanism are respectively arranged in different directions.

43. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein, The negative electrode-free battery cell meets one of the following conditions: (1) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (2) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 40kWh; (3) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

44. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein, The negative electrode-free battery cell includes one or more of lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells and sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells.

45. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein, The negative electrode-free battery cell includes at least a lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, and the energy density of the lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell is 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Optionally, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, and spinel phase lithium manganese-based oxide. Further optionally, the olivine-phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate; the ratio of the number of moles of nickel to the total number of moles of transition metal elements in the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide is 0.5 or more, or 0.7 or more.

46. ​​The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein, The negative electrode-free battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 450 to 700 Wh / L. (2) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 600 to 1000 Wh / L. (3) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 650 to 2000 Wh / L.

47. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein, The negative electrode of the non-negative electrode battery cell is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil; (2) The thickness of the current collector ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm; (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm; (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa to 1600MPa; (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm, and further optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5μm-25μm.

48. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein, The cycle life of the negative electrode-free battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of 150 to 400 cycles. (2) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 50%, and has a cycle life of 200 to 550 cycles. (3) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and has a cycle life of more than 550 cycles.

49. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-48, wherein, The volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is 0.05 to 10, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.1 to 8.0, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.12 to 6.

0.

50. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein, The second battery pack includes at least one second battery cell, which includes one or more of a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery. Optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell. Alternatively, the second battery cell may include at least the secondary battery.

51. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein, The chemical systems of the non-negative electrode battery cell and the second battery cell are different.

52. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 53, wherein, The volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 30kWh.

53. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 55, wherein, Each of the second battery cells is independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII: (1) Battery cell I, wherein the volumetric energy density of battery cell I is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, and battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material of the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell further includes silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide; (2) Battery cell II, wherein the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 10% SOC-80% SOC greater than or equal to 2C at 25°C, optionally, the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or higher at 10% SOC-80% SOC, and further optionally, the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or higher at 10%-80% SOC; (3) Battery cell III, wherein the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell III is not lower than 250°C; and / or, the overcharge boundary of the battery cell III is not lower than 140% SOC; (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the charging time of battery cell IV from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10°C is less than or equal to 40 min; and / or, the capacity retention rate of battery cell IV at an ambient temperature of -20°C and charged at 0.33C is greater than 80%; and / or, battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides; (5) Battery cell V, wherein the battery cell V is discharged to the lower limit cutoff voltage at a rate of 5C at 50% SOC, and the discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and preferably greater than or equal to 100s; and / or, the battery cell V is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, and the DC impedance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600W / kg and 5000W / kg; (6) Battery cell VI, wherein when the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the battery cell VI is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles; (7) Battery cell VII, wherein the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95% after being stored for 90 days at an ambient temperature of 45°C; and / or, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98% after being stored for 60 days at an ambient temperature of 60°C.

54. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 53, wherein, The volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is greater than that of the second battery cell, and the second battery pack includes at least one or more of the battery cells II, IV, and VI.

55. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein, The first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, ternary battery cell without negative electrode, and hybrid cathode battery cell without negative electrode. The second battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery.

56. An electrical device, characterized in that, Including the first load and the second load; And the battery system as described in any one of claims 1-55.

57. The electrical appliance according to claim 56, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

58. The electrical appliance according to claim 56, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system, which is used for vehicle body control.

59. The electrical appliance according to claim 56, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC). The battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

60. The electrical appliance according to claim 56, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

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