Battery system and electric apparatus

Abstract

A battery system and an electric apparatus. The battery system comprises a first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein the first battery pack comprises a plurality of first battery cells, the second battery pack comprises a plurality of second battery cells, the first battery cells and the second battery cells are of different chemical systems, and under the same charging and discharging conditions, the cycle life of each first battery cell is greater than that of each second battery cell; and the first battery pack and the second battery pack are electrically connected by means of a voltage conversion circuit, and the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack by means of the voltage conversion circuit. The battery system may prioritize the first battery pack for primary charging and discharging duties. When the first battery pack requires energy replenishment, the second battery cells may charge the first battery pack by means of the voltage conversion module, thereby extending the driving range of the battery system, and broadening the application scenarios thereof.

Description

Battery systems and electrical devices Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of battery technology, specifically relating to a battery system and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, batteries on the market, especially power batteries, generally suffer from short cycle life. This means that after a certain number of charge-discharge cycles, the battery's capacity will significantly decrease, leading to a reduction in the range of electrical devices such as vehicles, and consequently affecting the user experience.

[0003] Moreover, the application scenarios of electrical devices such as electric vehicles are extremely wide, ranging from urban commuting to long-distance travel, from daily transportation to special operations, and different scenarios have different performance requirements for power batteries. However, existing battery technologies, such as power battery technology, are often optimized for a specific application scenario, lacking sufficient flexibility and adaptability. For example, the fast charging technology of traditional power batteries is limited by the stability of electrode material structure, electrolyte compatibility, and the coverage of fast charging stations, making it difficult to replenish energy in a timely manner, resulting in "range anxiety" for users, especially "charging anxiety" during long-distance travel.

[0004] Therefore, improving battery cycle life, while achieving timely charging and replenishment, ensuring long battery life, and enhancing battery applicability in multiple scenarios has always been a direction that researchers in this field have been striving to explore. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a battery system and an electrical device containing the battery system to solve the technical problem that the short cycle life of existing batteries and the difficulty in timely recharging limit their application in multiple scenarios.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery system. The battery system of this application includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a plurality of first battery cells, and the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells. The first battery cells and the second battery cells have different chemical systems. Under the same charge and discharge conditions, the cycle life of the first battery cells is greater than that of the second battery cells. The first battery pack and the second battery pack are electrically connected via a voltage conversion circuit, and the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0007] In this embodiment of the battery system, the cycle life of the first battery cell in the first battery pack is significantly higher than that of the second battery cell in the second battery pack. The system can prioritize using the first battery pack to undertake the main charging and discharging tasks. When the first battery pack needs to be charged, the second battery cell can charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion module, thereby extending the driving range of the battery system in this embodiment of the application, improving the application of the battery system in long-distance discharge or emergency charging scenarios, and improving the energy utilization rate of the battery system.

[0008] Furthermore, the second battery pack charges the first battery cells through a voltage conversion circuit, which reduces the depth and frequency of charge and discharge of the first battery pack, thereby slowing down its aging process and extending the cycle life of the first battery cells. It can also control the shallow charge and discharge of the second battery cells, reducing the cycle loss of the second battery pack and extending the cycle life of the second battery cells. Therefore, the cycle life of the battery system in this embodiment is also extended.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is also used to charge the second battery pack via the voltage conversion circuit.

[0010] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0011] A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0012] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;

[0013] The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively;

[0014] The first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.

[0015] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0016] The controller is further configured to, in a first preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit;

[0017] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0018] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0019] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0020] (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0021] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and control the first battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load;

[0022] The second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states:

[0023] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than 30%;

[0024] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0025] (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are capable of independently supplying voltage to the load.

[0027] In this embodiment, the first battery pack is used to connect to a first load and provide a first voltage to the first load;

[0028] The second battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load.

[0029] In this embodiment, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load;

[0030] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for outputting a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0031] In this embodiment, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load;

[0032] The second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0033] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0034] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

[0035] In this embodiment, the switching circuit includes:

[0036] A first switch, connected to the first battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit;

[0037] The second switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

[0038] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0039] In this embodiment, the switching circuit includes:

[0040] The third switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

[0041] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0042] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0043] In this embodiment, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch;

[0044] The fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0045] The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.

[0046] In some embodiments, the cycle life of the first battery cell and the cycle life of the second battery cell are greater than or equal to 1.2; optionally, they are 2 to 50. The difference in cycle life between the first and second battery cells is within this range, which can effectively improve the primary power support provided by the first battery cell in the battery system of this application embodiment, thereby extending the service life of the battery system.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first battery cell is charged and discharged at 25°C and a 1C rate until 70% SOH, and the number of cycles for the first battery cell is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles. The first battery cell with this cycling performance characteristic has a relatively long cycle life, thereby enabling the battery system of this application embodiment to exhibit slower performance degradation of the first battery pack during long-term use, maintaining stable output for a longer period, and improving the consistency between the individual first battery cells, thus improving the overall performance and lifespan of the first battery pack; at the same time, it enhances the applicability of the battery system of this application embodiment in applications requiring frequent charging and discharging.

[0048] In some embodiments, the first battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) lithium-ion battery cells, lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMP) lithium-ion battery cells, ternary lithium-ion battery cells, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cells, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NiCOM) lithium-ion battery cells. The positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The electrochemical performance stability of the first battery cell in these chemical systems can exhibit the aforementioned long cycle life, thermal stability, low-temperature thermal stability, and low-temperature fast charging capability.

[0049] In this embodiment, the charge / discharge range of the nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium battery is 3% SOC to 97% SOC.

[0050] In the embodiments, the charge / discharge range of at least one of the lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cells and the lithium manganese iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cells is 3% SOC to 100% SOC.

[0051] In this embodiment, the charge / discharge range of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell is 3% SOC to 97% SOC.

[0052] The first battery cell with the above-mentioned SOC charge / discharge range has good energy utilization and cycle stability, and can be deeply charged and discharged, thereby improving the service life of the first battery pack and effectively reducing capacity loss caused by performance degradation during cycling.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0054] (1) The positive electrode active material of the first battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate and / or lithium manganese iron phosphate, and the content of free electrolyte in the first battery cell is 2.0 g / Ah to 4 g / Ah, optionally 2.4 g / Ah to 3.1 g / Ah;

[0055] (2) The positive electrode active material of the first battery cell includes at least one of lithium-containing transition metal oxide and lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate, and the content of free electrolyte in the first battery cell is 1.5g / Ah to 3.8g / Ah, optionally 2.0g / Ah to 3.0g / Ah.

[0056] The range of free electrolyte content in the first battery cell can effectively improve the stability of the internal resistance of the first battery cell during charging and discharging, improve the cycle performance of the first battery cell, and extend the life of the first battery cell.

[0057] In some embodiments, the negative electrode active material in the first battery cell contains amorphous carbon-coated artificial graphite; in these embodiments, the thickness of the amorphous carbon coating layer is in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm. A negative electrode containing this amorphous carbon-coated artificial graphite, or further controlling the thickness of the amorphous carbon coating layer within this range, can effectively alleviate the volume expansion and pulverization of the negative electrode sheet during charging and discharging, enhance the structural stability of the negative electrode, and also reduce the side reactions between the negative electrode and the electrolyte, thereby improving the cycle stability of the battery.

[0058] In some embodiments, the positive electrode in the first battery cell contains a lithium replenishing agent and at least satisfies one of the following characteristics:

[0059] (1) The lithium replenishing agent accounts for 0.5% to 5% of the mass of the active material layer of the positive electrode; optionally, it accounts for 1% to 3%.

[0060] (2) The lithium replenishing agent includes a sacrificial lithium replenishing agent, which includes one or more of Li2O2, Li2O, LiN3, Li2C2O4, and Li2C4O4;

[0061] (3) The lithium replenishing agent includes a non-sacrificial lithium replenishing agent, which includes a lithium replenishing agent with the chemical formula Li. a MnO y The materials are given, where 2≤a≤8 and 2≤y≤4;

[0062] In the embodiments, the non-sacrificial lithium replenishing agent includes one or more of Li2AO2, Li2BO3, Li3DO4, Li5EO4, and Li6FO4; wherein, A includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Mo, and Nb; B includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, Mo, Ru, and Cr; C includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, V, Nb, Cr, and Mo; D includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, Cr, V, and Mo; E includes one or more of Ni, Co, Mn, Sn, Cr, and Mo; and F includes one or more of Ni, Mn, Sn, Cr, and Mo.

[0063] Adding a lithium replenishing agent to the active material layer of the positive electrode, or further controlling the content of the lithium replenishing agent within the aforementioned range, can effectively improve the initial efficiency and energy density of the first battery cell. Among them, sacrificial lithium replenishing agents can effectively improve the battery's initial cycle efficiency, energy density, and cycle performance by releasing lithium ions; while non-sacrificial lithium replenishing agents can effectively improve battery safety and extend battery life by stabilizing the battery structure and reducing lithium ion loss.

[0064] In some embodiments, a lithium metal layer consisting of layered or multiple strip-shaped regions is disposed on the surface of the negative electrode in the first battery cell; in these embodiments, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 0.2 μm to 20 μm. Disposing of this lithium metal layer on the surface of the negative electrode in the first battery cell, or further controlling the lithium metal layer within this thickness range, can significantly improve the cycle performance and extend the battery life of the first battery cell.

[0065] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is less than or equal to 5; optionally, the volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is less than or equal to 2; optionally, the volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is less than or equal to 1.5; and further optionally, the volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is in the range of 0.1 to 2.

[0066] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, and at least one of the following conditions is met:

[0067] (2) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh;

[0068] (3) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh;

[0069] (4) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

[0070] When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, controlling the total capacity of the second battery pack within this range can improve the function of the second battery pack in charging and replenishing the first battery pack, as mentioned above.

[0071] In some embodiments, the second battery cell includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell, with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Optionally, the sodium-ion battery cell includes at least one of the following: sodium-ion anode-free battery cell and sodium metal battery cell; or, the second battery cell includes a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.

[0072] Optionally, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell may also include silicon-based materials;

[0073] Optionally, the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.

[0074] Optionally, at least one of the second battery cells is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode.

[0075] By selecting the above-mentioned battery cell system for the second battery cell, a battery cell with at least one electrical property such as high energy density and fast charging capability can be designed as needed, thereby further enhancing its role in charging and replenishing the first battery pack.

[0076] In this embodiment, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0077] (1) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell ranges from 450 to 700 Wh / L.

[0078] (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 600 to 1000 Wh / L.

[0079] (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 650 to 2000 Wh / L.

[0080] The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell with the above characteristics has a high energy density, thereby increasing the energy density of the second battery pack and enabling it to further charge and replenish the first battery pack.

[0081] In this embodiment, when the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a rigid prismatic battery cell, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0082] (1) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 30Ah to 200Ah.

[0083] (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 50Ah to 250Ah.

[0084] (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 50Ah to 300Ah.

[0085] The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell with the above characteristics has high energy storage capacity, thereby improving the energy storage capacity of the second battery pack and enabling it to further charge and replenish the first battery pack.

[0086] In this embodiment, when the casing of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is an aluminum-plastic film casing, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is between 10Ah and 80Ah.

[0087] In this embodiment, when the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is between 15Ah and 50Ah.

[0088] The aluminum-plastic film lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell or cylindrical lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell with the above rated capacity has both safety and energy density, and can further play the role of charging and replenishing the first battery pack.

[0089] In this embodiment, the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode is a rigid square battery cell, and one or more buffer pads are provided on the large surface between the rigid square casing of the rigid square battery cell and the electrode assembly.

[0090] Optionally, the cushioning pad includes an elastic cushioning pad.

[0091] Optionally, the thickness of the cushioning pad is 0.1 to 10 mm, or optionally 0.5 to 5 mm.

[0092] A buffer pad is provided on the large surface between the rigid square shell of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell and the electrode assembly, or the buffer pad is further set as an elastic buffer pad with a thickness controlled at 0.1-10mm. This can effectively protect the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, improve the safety of the second battery pack, optimize the performance of the battery pack, and extend the service life of the battery pack.

[0093] In this embodiment, the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0094] (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0095] (2) The thickness of the current collector ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm;

[0096] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm;

[0097] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa to 1600MPa;

[0098] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm to 30μm, or optionally 5μm to 25μm.

[0099] By controlling the current collector of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell to the aforementioned characteristics, the energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively improved, cycle stability enhanced, and safety improved, thereby improving the performance of the second battery pack.

[0100] In this embodiment, the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0101] (1) When the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 0.2–0.4 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 ;

[0102] (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the coating weight of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell on one side is 0.25-0.4g / 1540.25mm. 2 ;

[0103] (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 0.3-0.4 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 .

[0104] By controlling the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell within the above range, the energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively improved. At the same time, the charge-discharge efficiency and cycle stability of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be improved, thereby further enhancing the role of the second battery pack in charging and replenishing the first battery pack.

[0105] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell contains a liquid electrolyte, which contains an ether solvent, optionally including at least one of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether.

[0106] In the embodiments, the liquid electrolyte contains a lithium salt, which includes at least one of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and lithium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide.

[0107] The ether solvent in this liquid electrolyte exhibits excellent thermal stability and low-temperature ion conductivity, which can improve the thermal stability and low-temperature charge-discharge performance of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. The lithium salt has a high degree of dissociation, which can improve the ion conductivity, charge-discharge efficiency, and power density of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells.

[0108] In this embodiment, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0109] (1) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of more than 100 cycles.

[0110] (2) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 50%, and the cycle life is more than 200 cycles.

[0111] (3) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and the cycle life is more than 400 cycles.

[0112] The lithium-ion electrodeless battery with the above-mentioned depth of discharge (DOD) has good cycle performance. Based on the long lifespan of the first battery pack, it can work with the first battery pack to enhance the charging and energy replenishment function of the second battery pack, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the battery system.

[0113] In some embodiments, the equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than that of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC; and / or,

[0114] The second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2C at 25°C, where 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than or equal to 2C. Optionally, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or higher at 10% SOC to 80% SOC. More preferably, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or higher at 10% SOC to 80% SOC.

[0115] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of the second battery cell includes graphite and optionally silicon-based materials, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell is 30 μm to 60 μm.

[0116] In some embodiments, the conductivity of the electrolyte in the second battery cell is ≥9 mS / cm, optionally ≥11 mS / cm, and further optionally ≥13 mS / cm.

[0117] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0118] (1) The thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is not lower than 250°C;

[0119] (2) The overcharge boundary of the second battery cell is not lower than 140% SOC;

[0120] (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, lithium iron phosphate battery cell, or lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell; or / and, the second battery cell includes at least one of solid-state battery cell and semi-solid-state battery cell. Optionally, the sodium-ion battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion non-anode battery cell and sodium metal battery cell.

[0121] The second battery cell includes at least one of solid-state battery cells and semi-solid-state battery cells.

[0122] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0123] (1) When the ambient temperature is -10℃, the charging time of the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes;

[0124] (2) When the ambient temperature is -20℃, the second battery cell retains more than 80% of its capacity when charged / discharged at 0.33C;

[0125] (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell. The positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Optionally, the sodium-ion battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell and sodium metal battery cell.

[0126] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0127] (1) At 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower limit cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 30s, optionally greater than or equal to 60s, and further optionally greater than or equal to 100s.

[0128] (2) When the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance DCR of the second battery cell is <0.4mΩ, and optionally <0.3mΩ;

[0129] (3) The power density of the second battery cell is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally 600W / kg to 5000W / kg.

[0130] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0131] (1) When the second battery cell is charged and discharged at 1C / 1C to 70% SOH, the number of cycles is not less than 6000 cycles; optionally, not less than 6500 cycles.

[0132] (2) After being stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95%; and / or, after being stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98%.

[0133] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0134] The battery system also includes:

[0135] A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the first battery pack;

[0136] The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state.

[0137] The battery system is used to connect to the first load;

[0138] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected, and the second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load.

[0139] In this embodiment, the controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the first battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C.

[0140] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0141] The battery system also includes:

[0142] A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state.

[0143] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the battery system is in a charging state; optionally, the first rate ≤ 0.2C.

[0144] In some embodiments, the battery system includes a housing, the housing having a battery cavity, the battery cavity including a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity;

[0145] The first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, the second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity, and a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure is capable of blocking at least part of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

[0146] In some embodiments, the partition structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

[0147] In some embodiments, the box includes a tray and a cover, the cover being disposed opposite to the tray along a first direction, and the cover covering the tray;

[0148] The partition structure divides the housing into a first battery compartment and a second battery compartment, and the partition structure is connected to the cover and the tray on opposite sides along the first direction, respectively.

[0149] In some embodiments, the cover seals the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, and the partition structure further includes a seal between the partition structure and the cover; and / or, the seal is provided between the partition structure and the tray.

[0150] In some embodiments, the enclosure has an output interface for connecting to the power supply circuit of the load;

[0151] In the first battery pack, multiple first battery cells are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal; in the second battery pack, multiple second battery cells are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal.

[0152] The enclosure also includes an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components. At least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the first main terminal and the output interface, and at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the second main terminal and the output interface. The output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity.

[0153] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting a power supply circuit to the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface via a first voltage conversion module to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V; and / or

[0154] The load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface through a second voltage conversion module to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0155] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with an electrical cavity separator, which is used to seal and isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity;

[0156] The electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole. The battery system also includes an adapter, which is sealed through the mounting hole. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to an electrical component inside the electrical cavity.

[0157] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber, the first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway, and the second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway.

[0158] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism, the first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism.

[0159] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.

[0160] In some embodiments, the thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component, wherein the first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack, and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack.

[0161] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component.

[0162] In some embodiments, the number of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity includes one or more of the following:

[0163] (1) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the length of the housing;

[0164] (2) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing;

[0165] (3) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the height direction of the housing;

[0166] (4) One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing;

[0167] (5) A plurality of first battery cavities and a plurality of second battery cavities are arranged alternately.

[0168] In some embodiments, within the first battery cavity, a plurality of the first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing;

[0169] Within the second battery cavity, a plurality of the first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing.

[0170] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device. The electrical device of this application includes a first load and a second load; and a battery system of this application.

[0171] The power device in this application embodiment uses the battery system of this application embodiment. Based on the characteristics of the battery system of this application embodiment, such as long service life and long driving range as mentioned above, the standby or driving time of the power device in this application embodiment is extended, the service life is long, and the application scenarios of the power device in this application embodiment are expanded.

[0172] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0173] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0174] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system for body control.

[0175] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC), the battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

[0176] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

[0177] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0178] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the alternative embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0179] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0180] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0181] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in some other embodiments of this application.

[0182] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of two structures of an electrical device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0183] Figure 5 shows three circuit diagrams of the battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0184] Figure 6 shows two circuit diagrams of the battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0185] Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0186] Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0187] Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0188] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the battery device using the circuit diagram in Figure 9.

[0189] Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0190] Figure 12 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0191] Figure 13 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0192] Figure 14 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0193] Figure 15 is a structural diagram of the battery device using the circuit schematic in Figure 14.

[0194] Figure 16 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0195] Figure 17 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0196] Figure 18 is a circuit diagram of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0197] Figure 19 is an exploded perspective view of a battery device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0198] Figure 20 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery device shown in Figure 21 after the cover is removed;

[0199] Figure 21 is a top view of the battery device shown in Figure 22;

[0200] Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the battery device shown in Figure 23 in another embodiment;

[0201] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery device provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0202] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the battery cavity structure provided in some embodiments;

[0203] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the battery cell arrangement provided in some embodiments.

[0204] In the figures, the following labels are used: 1000, vehicle; 1100, battery device; 1200, controller; 1300, motor; 100, housing; 101, battery cavity; 1011, first battery cavity; 1012, second battery cavity; 102, electrical cavity; 110, first housing; 120, second housing; 10, tray; 11, side beam; 12, pressure relief cavity; 141, first inlet; 142, first outlet; 143, second inlet; 144, second outlet; 20, cover; 21, first cover; 22, second cover; 30, partition structure; 40, seal; 50, electrical... 51. Air chamber separator; 61. Adapter; 62. Pressure relief mechanism; 63. First pressure relief mechanism; 64. Second pressure relief mechanism; 70. Thermal management component; 71. First sub-thermal management component; 711. First heat exchange tube; 712. First current collector; 713. First heat exchange plate; 72. Second sub-thermal management component; 721. Second heat exchange tube; 722. Second current collector; 723. Second heat exchange plate; 200. Electrical component; 210. Switch module; 220. First voltage conversion module; 230. Second voltage conversion module; 231. First voltage conversion device; 232. Second voltage conversion device; 240, First power supply circuit; 250, Second power supply circuit; 260, Third voltage conversion module; 270, Voltage conversion module; 280, Fourth voltage conversion module; 291, First power distribution device; 292, Second power distribution device; 293, Third power distribution device; 1001, Battery pack; 1002, Battery cell; 1003, Positive terminal interface; 1004, Negative terminal interface; 1005, Interface; 300, First battery pack; 310, First battery cell; 311, First cell pressure relief mechanism; 320, First main terminal; 3 21. First insulating sampling structure; 330. First tap; 400. Second battery pack; 410. Second battery cell; 411. Second cell pressure relief mechanism; 420. Second main terminal; 421. Second insulating sampling structure; 430. Second tap; 500. Third battery pack; 600. Fourth battery pack; 700. Output interface; 710. First output interface; 7101. First sub-interface; 7102. Second sub-interface; 720. Second output interface; 800. Input interface; 900. Load; 910. First load; 920. Second load. Detailed Implementation

[0205] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0206] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0207] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0208] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0209] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0210] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0211] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0212] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0213] With increasing global awareness of environmental protection and the transformation of energy structures, electric vehicles (EVs), as a clean and efficient means of transportation, are gradually becoming the mainstream direction of the automotive industry. However, the popularization of EVs faces many technical challenges, among which the performance and lifespan of power batteries are particularly prominent. As the core component of EVs, the performance of the power battery directly determines the vehicle's range, acceleration performance, and overall driving experience. Unfortunately, batteries currently on the market, especially power batteries, generally suffer from short cycle life. This means that after a certain number of charge-discharge cycles, the battery's capacity will significantly decrease, leading to a reduction in the range of electrical devices such as the vehicle, and consequently affecting the user experience. This not only increases the economic burden on users who have to replace batteries prematurely due to performance degradation.

[0214] Moreover, the application scenarios of electrical devices such as electric vehicles are extremely wide, ranging from urban commuting to long-distance travel, from daily transportation to special operations, and different scenarios have different performance requirements for power batteries. However, existing battery technologies, such as power battery technology, are often optimized for a specific application scenario, lacking sufficient flexibility and adaptability. For example, the fast charging technology of traditional power batteries is limited by the stability of electrode material structure, electrolyte compatibility, and the coverage of fast charging stations, making it difficult to replenish energy in a timely manner, resulting in "range anxiety" for users, especially "charging anxiety" during long-distance travel.

[0215] To extend the cycle life of batteries, such as power batteries, and alleviate "range anxiety," existing technologies often improve battery performance, such as cycle life and energy density, by optimizing battery materials, improving battery structure, and enhancing the performance of the battery management system (BMS). However, most of these solutions focus on improvements at the level of individual battery cells or the battery management system, and their effectiveness in improving battery cycle life and alleviating "range anxiety" cannot effectively meet the current market demands.

[0216] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing power batteries, this application provides a battery system that integrates two battery packs, where one battery pack (using high-cycle-life battery cells) can charge and replenish the energy of the other battery pack. This design not only effectively extends the overall lifespan of the battery system but also significantly improves its performance in charging applications, such as alleviating "range anxiety," and can be applied to various usage scenarios.

[0217] [Battery System]

[0218] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery system. The battery system of this application includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack, which are electrically connected via a voltage conversion module, and the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack via a voltage conversion circuit; wherein the first battery pack includes multiple first battery cells, and the second battery pack includes multiple second battery cells; and the first and second battery cells have different chemical systems, and under the same charge and discharge conditions, the cycle life of a single cell in the first battery pack is greater than the cycle life of a single cell in the second battery pack.

[0219] A battery system can be an energy storage device that provides electrical energy to electrical devices. A battery system includes a battery pack and a controller. The battery pack can be an electrical module used to achieve independent power output. A battery pack can consist of multiple battery cells connected in series and / or parallel; specifically, it can be a battery module, some battery cells in a battery pack, or some battery cells in a battery module, etc. A battery pack can also be an independently installed battery pack or a structurally integrated battery pack, etc. This application does not impose specific restrictions on the assembly method, physical location, or specific structural form of the battery pack.

[0220] The battery system disclosed in this application is applicable to various electrical devices that use battery systems, and can be used to form the power system of an electrical device. Electrical devices include mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0221] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device.

[0222] Referring to Figure 1, vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery system 1100 is installed inside vehicle 1000, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of vehicle 1000. The battery system 1100 can be used to power vehicle 1000; for example, it can serve as the operating power source for vehicle 1000. Vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 1200 and a motor 1300. The controller 1200 controls the battery system 1100 to supply power to the motor 1300, for example, to meet the power needs of vehicle 1000 during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0223] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system 1100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0224] As shown in Figure 2, the battery system 1100 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs 1001, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack 1001 may include multiple individual battery cells 1002, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0225] In some embodiments, the battery pack 1001 is typically formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells 1002.

[0226] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells 1002 into an independent module. As an example, the battery module can be formed by binding multiple battery cells 1002 together with cable ties.

[0227] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 further includes a housing for housing the battery pack. In some embodiments, the housing may be a housing 100 in which the battery pack 1001 is housed.

[0228] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing 100 by fixing the battery module in the housing 100.

[0229] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 may refer to an energy storage device, and the housing is a cabinet with a door on at least one side. The energy storage device includes energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0230] In some embodiments, one or more battery packs in the battery system are configured to be removable and / or replaceable. In some embodiments, the battery packs can be replaced with the same or different battery packs, and different battery packs include, but are not limited to, differences in at least one of the following: voltage, capacity, energy density, and chemical system. In some embodiments, multiple battery cells in a battery pack can be the same or different, and different battery cells include, but are not limited to, differences in at least one of the following: voltage, capacity, energy density, and chemical system. In some embodiments, multiple battery packs can be housed in the same housing, or multiple battery packs can be housed in different housings, for example, each battery pack can be placed in a separate housing; or some of the battery packs can be placed in one housing, and the others can be placed in another housing.

[0231] In this application, "different chemical systems" can refer to at least one material being different in the positive electrode active material, negative electrode active material, or electrolyte of the first and second battery cells, thus exhibiting different chemical systems. Batteries with different chemical systems possess different performance characteristics, enabling complementary advantages to adapt to a wider range of applications.

[0232] In this embodiment of the battery system, the cycle life of the first battery cell in the first battery pack is significantly higher than that of the second battery cell in the second battery pack. The system can prioritize using the first battery pack to undertake the main charging and discharging tasks. When the first battery pack needs to be charged, the second battery cell can charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion module, thereby extending the driving range of the battery system in this embodiment of the application, improving the application of the battery system in long-range discharge or emergency charging scenarios, and improving the energy utilization rate of the battery system.

[0233] Furthermore, since the first battery cell has a relatively long cycle life, charging it with the second battery pack can reduce the depth and frequency of charge and discharge of the first battery pack, thereby slowing down its aging process and extending the cycle life of the first battery cell. Simultaneously, it can also control the shallow charge and discharge of the second battery cell, reducing the cycle loss of the second battery pack and extending the cycle life of the second battery cell. Therefore, the service life of the battery system in this embodiment is extended.

[0234] In addition, in the embodiments of this application, the first battery pack in the battery system of this application embodiment plays the role of the main battery pack, and the second battery pack plays the role of the auxiliary battery pack.

[0235] First battery pack:

[0236] In the battery system of this application embodiment, the cycle life of the first battery cell in the first battery pack is greater than that of the second battery cell in the second battery pack. Therefore, the chemical system of the first battery cell in the first battery pack has a longer cycle life than the second battery cell in the second battery pack under the same charge and discharge conditions. The first battery pack can withstand more charge and discharge cycles without significant degradation, and can undertake a stable and long-lasting power supply task in the system. Thus, under normal circumstances, the first battery pack may play the main role in providing external power support in the battery system. When the first battery pack has a low charge, the energy of the second battery pack can be used to charge and replenish the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, extending the overall system's range.

[0237] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is also used to charge the second battery pack via a voltage conversion circuit. Controlling the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack via the voltage conversion circuit can improve the energy utilization rate of the battery system in this application embodiment. Simultaneously, charging the second battery pack by the first battery pack can alleviate the accelerated aging of the second battery pack due to deep discharge, thereby improving the cycle life of the second battery pack.

[0238] In some embodiments, as described above, the first battery pack included in the battery system of this application embodiment can be used to independently output voltage. Controlling the independent output voltage of the first battery pack allows the first battery pack to quickly take over when the second battery pack has insufficient power or cannot provide enough voltage, ensuring continuous power supply to the battery system.

[0239] In some embodiments, the cycle life of the first battery cell in the first battery pack and the cycle life of the second battery cell in the second battery pack are greater than or equal to 1.2, optionally ranging from 2 to 50. In exemplary cases, these can be typical but non-limiting differences such as 1.2, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50, or any range between two differences. The difference in cycle life between the first and second battery cells within this range effectively improves the primary power support provided by the first battery cell in the battery system of this application embodiment, thereby extending the lifespan of the battery system.

[0240] In some embodiments, the first battery cell in the first battery pack is charged and discharged at 25°C and a 1C rate until it reaches 70% SOH (State of Health), with the first battery cell completing at least 3000 cycles; optionally, at least 4000 cycles. Examples include 3000, 4000, 6000, 6000, and 6500 cycles. The first battery cell with this cycling performance characteristic has a relatively long cycle life, resulting in slower performance degradation of the first battery pack during long-term use, maintaining stable output for a longer period, and improving the consistency between the individual first battery cells, thereby improving the overall performance and lifespan of the first battery pack. Simultaneously, it enhances the applicability of the battery system in applications requiring frequent charging and discharging.

[0241] In some embodiments, the first battery cell in the first battery pack may include at least one of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) lithium-ion battery cells, lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) lithium-ion battery cells, ternary lithium-ion battery cells, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cells, and nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium oxide batteries. The positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell may include two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Here, "lithium iron phosphate," "lithium manganese iron phosphate," etc., refers to a substance primarily composed of lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate. It can be understood that this also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on a lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate substrate. Doping elements include metal elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, and coating materials can be carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, etc. Similarly, the other battery cells can be understood in a similar way to lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cells. The first cell of these chemical systems exhibits stable electrochemical performance, such as long cycle life, thermal stability, low-temperature thermal stability, and low-temperature fast charging capability, as mentioned above.

[0242] In the embodiments, when the first battery cell includes a lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide battery, the charge / discharge range of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide battery is 3% SOC to 97% SOC.

[0243] In the embodiments, when the first battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cell and lithium manganese iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cell, the charge / discharge range of at least one of the lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cell and lithium manganese iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cell is 3% SOC to 100% SOC.

[0244] In the embodiments, when the first battery cell includes a hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, the charge / discharge range of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell is 3% SOC to 97% SOC.

[0245] The first battery cell with the above-mentioned SOC charge / discharge range has good energy utilization and cycle stability, and can be deeply charged and discharged, thereby improving the service life of the first battery pack and effectively reducing capacity loss caused by performance degradation during cycling.

[0246] In some embodiments, the first battery cell in the first battery pack satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0247] (1) The positive electrode active material of the first battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate and / or lithium manganese iron phosphate. The content of free electrolyte in the first battery cell is 2.0 g / Ah to 4 g / Ah, optionally 2.4 g / Ah to 3.1 g / Ah. In the example, it can be a typical but non-limiting content such as 2.0 g / Ah, 2.1 g / Ah, 2.2 g / Ah, 2.3 g / Ah, 2.4 g / Ah, 2.5 g / Ah, 2.6 g / Ah, 2.7 g / Ah, 2.8 g / Ah, 2.9 g / Ah, 3.0 g / Ah, 3.1 g / Ah, or any range between two content values.

[0248] (2) The positive electrode active material of the first battery cell includes at least one of lithium-containing transition metal oxide and lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate. The content of free electrolyte in the first battery cell is 1.5 g / Ah to 3.8 g / Ah, optionally 2.0 g / Ah to 3.0 g / Ah. In the example, it can be a typical but non-limiting content such as 1.5 g / Ah, 1.7 g / Ah, 1.9 g / Ah, 2.0 g / Ah, 2.3 g / Ah, 2.5 g / Ah, 2.8 g / Ah, 3.0 g / Ah, 3.2 g / Ah, 3.5 g / Ah, 3.8 g / Ah, or any range between two content values.

[0249] The range of free electrolyte content in the first battery cell can effectively improve the stability of the internal resistance of the first battery cell during charging and discharging, improve the cycle performance of the first battery cell, and extend the life of the first battery cell.

[0250] In some embodiments, the negative electrode active material in the first battery cell of the first battery pack contains amorphous carbon-coated artificial graphite. In these embodiments, when the negative electrode active material in the first battery cell contains amorphous carbon-coated artificial graphite, the thickness of the amorphous carbon coating layer is in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm. In exemplary cases, typical but non-limiting thicknesses such as 2 nm, 5 nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, 12 nm, 15 nm, 18 nm, and 20 nm, or any range between two thickness values, are possible. A negative electrode containing this amorphous carbon-coated artificial graphite, or further, controlling the thickness of the amorphous carbon coating layer within this range, can effectively alleviate the volume expansion and pulverization of the negative electrode sheet during charging and discharging, enhance the structural stability of the negative electrode, and also reduce side reactions between the negative electrode and the electrolyte, thereby improving the cycle stability of the battery.

[0251] In some embodiments, the positive electrode of the first cell in the first battery pack contains a lithium replenishing agent, the mass percentage of which in the active material layer of the positive electrode can be 0.5% to 5%; optionally, it can be 1% to 3%. In exemplary examples, it can be a typical but non-limiting thickness or a range between any two thickness values, such as 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5%. Adding a lithium replenishing agent to the active material layer of the positive electrode, or further controlling the content of the lithium replenishing agent within this range, can effectively improve the initial efficiency and energy density of the first cell.

[0252] In the embodiments, when the positive electrode in the first battery cell contains a lithium replenishing agent, the lithium replenishing agent may include a sacrificial lithium replenishing agent and a non-sacrificial lithium replenishing agent. In the exemplary example, the sacrificial lithium replenishing agent may include one or more of Li2O2, Li2O, LiN3, Li2C2O4, and Li2C4O4; the non-sacrificial lithium replenishing agent may include the chemical formula Li a MnO y The material, wherein 2≤a≤8, 2≤y≤4; wherein, the Li a MnO yNon-sacrificial lithium replenishers may include one or more of Li₂AO₂, Li₂BO₃, Li₃DO₄, Li₅EO₄, and Li₆FO₄; wherein, A includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Mo, and Nb; B includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, Mo, Ru, and Cr; C includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, V, Nb, Cr, and Mo; D includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, Cr, V, and Mo; E includes one or more of Ni, Co, Mn, Sn, Cr, and Mo; and F includes one or more of Ni, Mn, Sn, Cr, and Mo. The aforementioned sacrificial lithium replenishers can effectively improve the battery's first-cycle efficiency, energy density, and cycle performance by releasing lithium ions; while non-sacrificial lithium replenishers can effectively improve battery safety and extend battery life by stabilizing battery structure and reducing lithium ion loss.

[0253] In some embodiments, the surface of the negative electrode in the first battery cell of the first battery pack is provided with a lithium metal layer consisting of layered or multiple strip-shaped regions. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 0.2 to 20 μm. In exemplary examples, it can be a typical but non-limiting thickness such as 0.2 μm, 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 15 μm, 18 μm, 20 μm, or any range between two thickness values. Providing this lithium metal layer on the surface of the negative electrode in the first battery cell, or further controlling the lithium metal layer within this thickness range, can significantly improve the cycle performance and extend the battery life of the first battery cell.

[0254] Second battery pack:

[0255] In the battery system of this application embodiment, the cycle life of the second battery cell in the second battery pack is shorter than that of the first battery cell in the first battery pack. Therefore, the second battery pack may have advantages in other aspects such as energy density and power density, making the battery system of this application embodiment suitable for applications such as fast charging and discharging and high power output.

[0256] In some embodiments, the second battery pack included in the battery system of this application, like the first battery pack, can be used to independently output voltage. Controlling the second battery pack to independently output voltage, like the first battery pack, allows the second battery pack to quickly take over when the first battery pack is low on power or unable to provide sufficient voltage, ensuring continuous power supply to the battery system.

[0257] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is less than or equal to 5. Optionally, the volume ratio is less than or equal to 2, further less than or equal to 1.5, and even further within the range of 0.1 to 1.2 (1 / 10 to 1.2). This volume ratio can be understood as the proportion of space occupied by the second battery pack and the first battery pack in the battery system. Controlling the volume ratio of the two battery packs within this range can improve the function of the second battery pack, such as enhancing its ability to charge and replenish the first battery pack, while maintaining a long cycle life of the battery system. Furthermore, the fast-charging performance of the battery system can be improved based on the characteristics of the second battery cell, such as its fast-charging characteristics.

[0258] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell. In this case, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell in the second battery pack is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh, such as 20kWh, 25kWh, 30kWh, 35kWh, etc.

[0259] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell. In this case, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell in the second battery pack is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh, such as 40kWh, 45kWh, 40kWh, 45kWh, etc.

[0260] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell. In this case, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell in the second battery pack is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh, such as 60kWh, 65kWh, 70kWh, 75kWh, 80kWh, etc.

[0261] When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, controlling the total capacity of the second battery pack within this range can improve the function of the second battery pack in charging and replenishing the first battery pack, as mentioned above.

[0262] In some embodiments, the second battery cell in the second battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell, with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. In an exemplary example, the sodium-ion battery cell includes at least one of the following: sodium-ion negative electrodeless battery cell and sodium metal battery cell.

[0263] In some embodiments, the second battery cell in the second battery pack comprises a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell (AFB) with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.

[0264] In this embodiment, when the second battery cell in the second battery pack includes a ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell includes a silicon-based material. Specifically, the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell in the second battery cell can be understood as a battery cell whose positive electrode uses a ternary positive electrode active material and whose negative electrode uses a battery cell containing graphite material. Specifically, the volumetric energy density of the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell can be in the range of 500Wh / L to 1000Wh / L, and the positive electrode active material can be a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material (NCM), such as containing the compound Li. x Ni b Co d Mn e M f O (2-y) Where 0.6≤x≤1.2, -0.2≤y≤0.2, b is selected from the range of 0.314-0.970, such as 0.50-0.960, and further selected from 0.80-0.960, while d is selected from the range of 0-0.320, such as 0.047-0.320, and e is selected from the range of 0.006-0.390. Furthermore, the sum of b, d, e, and f is 1, and f is greater than 0. M includes one or more elements selected from Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Na, Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Cr, Zn, Ba, B, S, Nb, Sb, and Y. Optionally, M includes at least one or more of Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Mg, and Al. The single-sided coating weight CW of the positive electrode sheet in a ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell is 0.2~0.4g / 1540mm. 2 Available in 0.22-0.3g / 1540mm. 2The negative electrode active material of a ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell includes graphite, and optional negative electrode active materials also include silicon-based materials. The weight percentage of silicon in the negative electrode active material can be 0-10%, and can be selected from 0.5-3%. The ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell can be a liquid battery, with the electrolyte containing at least one of 1,3-propanesulfonyl lactone (1,3-PS) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The lithium salt contains lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), and may also contain lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI). The casing of the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell uses a rigid casing, including aluminum, steel, and titanium casings. Specifically, a lightweight casing with high tensile strength, such as an aluminum casing, can be selected.

[0265] When the second battery cell includes a semi-solid-state battery cell, this semi-solid-state battery cell is a type of battery cell that falls between liquid batteries and all-solid-state batteries. Its electrolyte portion is in a semi-solid state, possessing some characteristics of both liquid and all-solid-state batteries. An all-solid-state battery cell is a battery cell where the electrolyte is entirely solid and no liquid electrolyte is present.

[0266] When the second battery cell includes an all-solid-state battery cell, the solid electrolyte of this all-solid-state battery cell mainly includes the following three types: a) Sulfide system: It has high lithium-ion conductivity, good mechanical deformation ability, and adaptability to changes in electrode volume. Sulfide solid electrolytes have 10 -2 S / cm-10 -3 The lithium-ion conductivity is on the order of S / cm, which facilitates the formation of contact interfaces and provides high mechanical strength and flexibility. In the embodiments of this application, there are no particular limitations on the type of sulfide-based solid electrolyte, such as Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and Thio-LISICON (Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S4), Li2S-P2S5-LiCl, Li2S-SiS2, LiI-Li2S-SiS2, LiI-Li2S-P2S5, LiI-Li2S-P2O5, LiI-Li3PO4-P2S5, Li2S-P2S5, Li3PS4, Li7P3S 11、 LiI-Li2S-B2S3, Li3PO4-Li2S-Si2S, Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2, LiPO4-Li2S-SiS, Li 10 GeP2S 12 Li 9.54 Si 1.74 P 1.44 S 11.7 Cl 0.3 and Li7P3S 11b) Oxide system: High mechanical strength and chemical stability, exhibiting high safety in air, high voltage resistance, suitable for pairing with high-nickel cathodes, and possessing 10 -3 S / cm-10 -4 Lithium-ion conductivity on the order of S / cm. In the embodiments of this application, the oxide-based solid electrolyte can be any known oxide material used in the field of lithium batteries, such as perovskite solid electrolyte, sodium superion conductor solid electrolyte (NASICON), lithium superion conductor solid electrolyte (LISICON), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP), and lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide solid electrolyte (LLZO). c) Polymer systems: easy to process and thin-layer, low interfacial impedance, polymer organic solid electrolytes can easily form electrode interfaces and minimize dendrite growth, and can generally be used in high-temperature environments. In the embodiments of this application, the organic solid electrolyte contains polyethylene oxide (PEO). d) The defects of single materials are compensated by composite electrolytes (such as oxide / polymer mixtures) or interfacial modifications (such as artificial interlayers). e) The thickness of the solid electrolyte: can be selected differently depending on the properties of the desired all-solid-state battery. Specifically, in some embodiments, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be from 0.1 μm to 1000 μm; in other embodiments, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be from 1 μm to 500 μm; in still other embodiments, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be from 20 μm to 30 μm; this application does not limit it in this respect.

[0267] In this embodiment, when the second battery cell in the second battery pack includes a mixed-cathode lithium-ion battery cell, since the second battery cell has a different chemical system than the first battery cell, the second battery cell including the mixed-cathode lithium-ion battery cell belongs to a battery cell with a different chemical system than the first battery cell including the mixed-cathode lithium-ion battery cell. In this embodiment, the positive electrode active material of the mixed-cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the negative electrode uses a battery cell including at least graphite material.

[0268] In the embodiments, when the second battery pack contains a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode, the number of lithium-ion battery cells without a negative electrode in the second battery pack is more than one. That is, at least one of the second battery cells is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode. A lithium-ion battery without a negative electrode (AFB) is a lithium-ion battery manufactured without a conventional negative electrode active material (e.g., graphite, silicon, silicon oxide, etc.) on the negative electrode current collector. After the battery is assembled, a lithium metal layer is generated on the negative electrode during the first charge and discharge. In the embodiments, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode can be one or more of the following: olivine-phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and spinel-phase lithium-manganese-based oxide. Olivine-phase lithium phosphate has a stable olivine structure, and during charge and discharge, the crystal structure changes little during lithium ion insertion and extraction, maintaining structural stability and thus exhibiting excellent cycle performance. Optionally, olivine-phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate. Layered lithium-containing transition metal oxides, taking nickel-cobalt-manganese as an example, can achieve better cycle performance by optimizing the element ratio, and higher nickel content results in higher energy density. Optionally, the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide contains nickel, and the molar ratio of nickel to the total molar ratio of transition metal elements is 0.5 or higher, and more preferably 0.7 or higher. This gives the second monomer a higher energy density.

[0269] By selecting the above-mentioned battery cell system for the second battery cell, a battery cell with at least one electrical property such as high energy density and fast charging capability can be designed as needed, thereby further enhancing its role in charging and replenishing the first battery pack.

[0270] In this embodiment, when the second battery pack contains lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes, the lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes must satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0271] (1) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the volumetric energy density (VED) of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell ranges from 450 to 700 Wh / L. In the example, it can be 400 Wh / L, 500 Wh / L, 600 Wh / L, or 700 Wh / L, etc. Lithium iron phosphate has the advantages of abundant resources, low price, high safety and good cycle performance. At the same time, the crystal structure of lithium iron phosphate is stable, and the insertion and extraction of lithium ions during charging and discharging have little impact on the crystal lattice, which can ensure the reversibility of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, help extend the life of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, and make the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell high.

[0272] (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 600-1000 Wh / L. In the example, it can be 600 Wh / L, 700 Wh / L, 800 Wh / L, 900 Wh / L, or 1000 Wh / L, etc. Lithium iron phosphate has advantages such as high safety and good cycle performance. Lithium manganese iron phosphate has a high voltage platform and a high theoretical specific capacity. Lithium-containing transition metal oxides have high specific capacity and energy density. Therefore, combining two or more of these materials can achieve complementary performance between the materials. For example, the combination of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate can improve the energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell to a certain extent, while maintaining good safety and cycle performance. The combination of lithium-containing transition metal oxides with lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate can improve the charge and discharge efficiency and rate performance of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell.

[0273] (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is 650-2000 Wh / L, optionally 800-2000 Wh / L. In the example, it can be 600 Wh / L, 700 Wh / L, 800 Wh / L, 900 Wh / L, or 1000 Wh / L, etc. Among them, the lithium transition metal oxide can include lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Lithium-containing transition metal oxides have high specific capacity and voltage plateau, can store a lot of electrical energy, and their crystal structure can remain stable during charging and discharging, which is conducive to the insertion and extraction of lithium ions, thereby providing high energy density.

[0274] Furthermore, lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells with the aforementioned characteristics possess high energy density, thereby increasing the energy density of the second battery pack and further enhancing its role in charging and replenishing the first battery pack. Moreover, the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells can be effectively controlled by adjusting the type of positive electrode active material. Meanwhile, lithium-ion electrodeless batteries with different positive electrode active materials also exhibit varying cycle lifespans. Therefore, based on the frequency of the electrical system's use of the second battery pack and the planned amount of electricity or mileage to be replenished to the first battery pack, different types of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells can be selected.

[0275] In the embodiment, when the second battery pack contains lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes, and these lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes are rigid square cells, meaning their casings are rigid square casings, the lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes must satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0276] (1) The positive electrode active material of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells includes lithium iron phosphate. The rated capacity of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells is between 30Ah and 200Ah. In the example, it can be 30Ah, 50Ah, 80Ah, 100Ah, 120Ah, 150Ah, 180Ah, 200Ah, etc. Lithium iron phosphate has a stable olivine structure, and the structure changes little during charging and discharging. This allows the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to withstand multiple charge-discharge cycles and maintain good performance, which is beneficial to extending the service life of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. At the same time, lithium iron phosphate has good thermal stability and is not prone to thermal runaway and other safety problems in high-temperature environments. It has high safety and can maintain relative stability even under special conditions such as short circuit, overcharge, extrusion and puncture, reducing the safety risks during the use of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. In addition, lithium iron phosphate materials do not contain heavy metals and rare metals. The raw materials are abundant and the cost is relatively low, which has good economic and environmental friendliness.

[0277] (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is between 50Ah and 250Ah. In the example, it can be 50Ah, 80Ah, 100Ah, 120Ah, 150Ah, 180Ah, 200Ah, 220Ah, 250Ah, etc. Lithium iron phosphate has good safety, long cycle life, stable charge and discharge platform, high energy density, and good safety and cycle performance. Lithium-containing transition metal oxides have high specific capacity, voltage platform and energy density. Therefore, the combination of these materials can achieve complementary advantages in terms of energy density, safety and cycle life, and meet the diverse performance requirements of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells in different application scenarios.

[0278] (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is between 50Ah and 300Ah. In the example, it can be 50Ah, 100Ah, 150Ah, 200Ah, 250Ah, or 300Ah, etc. Lithium-containing transition metal oxides have a high specific capacity and voltage plateau, enabling the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell to store more electrical energy per unit mass and volume, thereby achieving a higher energy density.

[0279] Moreover, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells with the above characteristics have high energy storage capacity, thereby improving the energy storage capacity of the second battery pack and enabling it to further charge and replenish the first battery pack.

[0280] In the embodiment, when the lithium-ion battery cell in the second battery pack is a negative electrode-free cell, the casing of the negative electrode-free cell is an aluminum-plastic film casing, and the rated capacity of the negative electrode-free cell is between 10Ah and 80Ah.

[0281] In the embodiment, when the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode in the second battery pack is a cylindrical battery cell, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode is between 15Ah and 50Ah.

[0282] The aluminum-plastic film lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell or cylindrical lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell with the above rated capacity has both safety and energy density, and can further play the role of charging and replenishing the first battery pack.

[0283] In the embodiments, when the lithium-ion battery cell in the second battery pack is a negative electrode-free cell, regardless of whether the lithium-ion negative electrode-free cell is a rigid square cell, an aluminum-plastic film-cased cell, or a cylindrical cell, one or more buffer pads are provided on the large surface between the cell's casing and the electrode assembly. In an exemplary embodiment, the buffer pad includes an elastic buffer pad; in the embodiments, the thickness of the buffer pad is 0.1–10 mm, optionally 0.5–5 mm. In the exemplary embodiment, it can be a typical but non-limiting thickness such as 0.1 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, or any range between two thickness values. Providing a buffer pad on the large surface between the lithium-ion negative electrode-free cell's casing and the electrode assembly, or further setting the buffer pad as an elastic buffer pad with a thickness controlled to 0.1–10 mm, can effectively protect the lithium-ion negative electrode-free cell, improve the safety of the second battery pack, optimize the battery pack's performance, and extend the battery pack's lifespan.

[0284] In this embodiment, when the second battery pack contains lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes, the negative electrode of the lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0285] (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0286] (2) The thickness range of the current collector is 3μm to 8μm. In the example, it can be a typical but non-limiting thickness such as 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm or any range between two thickness values. This thickness range can improve the mass ratio of positive electrode active material and increase the energy density of lithium-ion battery cells without negative electrode, while ensuring that the current collector has good tensile strength.

[0287] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm, such as 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm or 0.3 μm. The surface of the current collector in this roughness range is relatively smooth, which can make the negative electrode active material more evenly distributed on its surface during the coating process. At this time, the contact between the smooth current collector surface and the negative electrode active material is closer, which can effectively reduce the interfacial resistance between the two. The flat and smooth current collector surface also helps to guide lithium ions to be deposited evenly on the active material, reducing the possibility of lithium ions accumulating locally to form lithium dendrites.

[0288] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa to 1600MPa. Typical but non-limiting tensile strengths such as 400MPa, 700MPa, 1000MPa, 1200MPa, 1400MPa, and 1600MPa, or any range between two tensile strength values, can be used as examples. The current collector with this tensile strength range has sufficient tensile strength to withstand these stresses and avoid deformation and cracking of the current collector due to volume changes of the negative electrode active material, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and performance stability of the lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery cell. At the same time, the current collector with appropriate tensile strength can maintain good flatness and stability, which helps to guide the uniform deposition of lithium ions, reduce the possibility of lithium dendrite formation, and improve the safety and cycle life of the lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery cell.

[0289] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm to 30μm, or 5μm to 25μm. In the example, it can be a typical but non-limiting thickness such as 5μm, 8μm, 10μm, 13μm, 15μm, 18μm, 20μm, 23μm, 25μm, 28μm, 30μm, or any range between two thickness values.

[0290] Therefore, controlling the current collector of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell to the above-mentioned characteristics can effectively improve the energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, enhance cycle stability, and improve safety, thereby improving the performance of the second battery pack.

[0291] In this embodiment, when the second battery pack contains lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes, the positive electrode of the lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes must satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0292] (1) When the positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode includes lithium iron phosphate, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode is 0.2-0.4 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 In the example, it can be 0.2g / 1540.25mm. 2 0.3g / 1540.25mm 20.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Typical but not limiting coating weights or any range between two coating weight values. When the positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, keeping the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode within the above range is beneficial to further improve the cycle life of the lithium iron phosphate electrodeless battery cell while also maintaining a high energy density.

[0293] (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The coating weight of the positive electrode sheet on one side of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 0.25–0.4 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 The optional value is 0.27~0.38g / 1540.25mm. 2 In the example, it can be 0.25g / 1540.25mm 2 0.3g / 1540.25mm 2 0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Typical but non-limiting coating weights, or a range between any two coating weight values, are used. Specifically, the coating weight range for one side of the positive electrode can be 0.27–0.38 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 Alternatively, it could be 0.30–0.36 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 When the positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes at least two of the above-mentioned materials, keeping the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet within the above-mentioned range is beneficial to further improve the cycle life of the electrodeless battery cell while also ensuring a higher energy density.

[0294] (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 0.3-0.4 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 The optional value is 0.32~0.38g / 1540.25mm. 2 Furthermore, it can be 0.34–0.37 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 In the example, it can be 0.3g / 1540.25mm. 2 0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 0.4g / 1540.25mm 2Typical but not limiting coating weights or any range between two coating weight values. When the positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, keeping the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet within the above range is beneficial to further improve the cycle life of the electrodeless battery cell while also maintaining a high energy density.

[0295] In addition, by controlling the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell within the above range, the energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively improved, and the charge-discharge efficiency and cycle stability of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be improved, thereby further enhancing its role in charging and replenishing the first battery pack.

[0296] In the embodiments, when the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode in the second battery pack contains a liquid electrolyte, the liquid electrolyte contains at least one of an ether solvent and a lithium salt; in the exemplary embodiment, the ether solvent includes at least one of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE); the lithium salt includes at least one of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), and LiFSI may be selected.

[0297] The ether solvent in this liquid electrolyte possesses excellent thermal stability and low-temperature ion conductivity, which can improve the thermal stability and low-temperature charge-discharge performance of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. The lithium salt contained in this liquid electrolyte has a high degree of dissociation, which can improve the ion conductivity, charge-discharge efficiency, and power density of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. Therefore, the second battery pack can charge and replenish the first battery pack in specific environments, such as high or low temperatures.

[0298] In this embodiment, when the second battery pack contains lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes, the lithium-ion cells without negative electrodes must satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0299] (1) The lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of more than 100 cycles, optionally 150 to 400 cycles. In the example, it can be 150 cycles, 200 cycles, 300 cycles, 400 cycles, etc.

[0300] (2) The lithium-ion battery without negative electrode is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 50%. The cycle life is more than 200 cycles, preferably 200 to 500 cycles. In the example, it can be 200 cycles, 300 cycles, 400 cycles, 400 cycles, etc.

[0301] (3) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and the cycle life is more than 400 cycles, preferably more than 500 cycles, and even more than 550 cycles. In the example, it can be 580 cycles, 600 cycles, 650 cycles, etc.

[0302] The lithium-ion electrodeless battery with the above-mentioned depth of discharge (DOD) has good cycle performance. Based on the long lifespan of the first battery pack, it can work with the first battery pack to enhance the charging and energy replenishment function of the second battery pack, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the battery system.

[0303] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell; the battery system further includes:

[0304] A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the first battery pack;

[0305] The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state.

[0306] The battery system is used to connect the first load;

[0307] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected, and the second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load.

[0308] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the first battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C. In an exemplary example, the heating temperature can be 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, or 70, and the heating temperature can be any of the above values ​​or within any range of both.

[0309] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0310] The battery system also includes:

[0311] A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state.

[0312] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the battery system is in a charging state; optionally, the first rate ≤ 0.2C.

[0313] In some embodiments, in the above embodiments, by selecting the first and second battery cells, such as using a second battery cell with better fast-charging performance and high energy density, and a first battery cell with long lifespan, the battery system can achieve both good fast-charging capability and a longer driving range. "Fast charging" can be understood as: an equivalent charging rate of ≥2C from 10% SOC to 80% SOC, with a charging time ≤21 minutes. For example, at a room temperature of 25–30°C, an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C can achieve charging from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in only 18 minutes; an equivalent charging rate of 4C can achieve charging from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in only 10 minutes; and an equivalent charging rate of 6C can achieve charging from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in only 6 minutes. SOC, as described above, refers to the state of charge, representing the proportion of the battery's remaining charge to its rated capacity at a given moment.

[0314] In some embodiments, when the battery system includes both a second battery pack with fast charging capabilities and a second battery cell with a relatively slower charging rate but higher volumetric energy density, the technical advantage of the second battery's equivalent charging rate of 10%-80% SOC can be utilized to promptly meet the user's emergency power needs. Simultaneously, the battery system can control the second battery pack to continuously supply power to the first battery pack, helping to meet the user's demand for large single-charge power consumption and achieving a longer driving range. Specifically, during the equivalent charging rate test, current redundancy or power redundancy of the charging pile is required.

[0315] Regarding the second battery cell with fast charging capability, in this embodiment, the equivalent charging rate of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than the equivalent charging rate of the first battery cell in the first battery pack at 10% SOC to 80% SOC. The prerequisite for this equivalent charging rate test is the current redundancy or power redundancy of the charging pile. Setting the equivalent charging rate of the second battery cell in the second battery pack to be greater than that of the first battery cell in the first battery pack means that the second battery pack can absorb more electricity than the first battery pack in the same amount of time. Thus, the first and second battery cells together can improve the fast charging capability of the battery system in this embodiment, enhancing its applicability in fast charging scenarios (such as electric vehicle fast charging stations, portable device fast charging, etc.). In this embodiment, the first battery cell can be the first battery cell from the embodiments described above.

[0316] For the second battery cell with fast charging capability, in this embodiment, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2C or greater than or equal to 10% SOC to 80% SOC at 25°C. Optionally, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or greater than 10% SOC to 80% SOC. Further, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or greater than 10% SOC to 80% SOC. Similarly, the prerequisite for this equivalent charging rate test is the current redundancy or power redundancy of the charging pile. By controlling the second battery cell in the second battery pack to have the above-mentioned charging rate characteristics, fast charging of the second battery pack can be achieved, shortening the charging time and enhancing the applicability of the battery system of this application embodiment in fast charging scenarios (such as electric vehicle fast charging stations, portable device fast charging, etc.).

[0317] For the second battery cell with fast charging capability, in this embodiment, the negative electrode of the second battery cell includes graphite, or may further include silicon-based materials, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell is 30μm to 60μm. Typical but non-limiting thicknesses such as 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, and 60μm, or any range between two thickness values, can be used in the examples. Controlling the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell within this range can effectively increase the lithium-ion insertion and extraction sites contained in the negative electrode sheet, reduce the internal resistance of the second battery cell, and improve the charge and discharge efficiency of the second battery cell; furthermore, it can also improve the energy density of the second battery cell.

[0318] For the second battery cell with fast charging capability, in this embodiment, the conductivity of the electrolyte in the second battery cell is ≥9 mS / cm, optionally ≥11 mS / cm, and further optionally ≥13 mS / cm. Controlling the conductivity of the electrolyte in the second battery cell within this range increases the electrolyte's conductivity and accelerates the ion transport rate during charging and discharging, thereby improving the fast charging capability of the second battery pack and enhancing the applicability of the battery system of this application embodiment in fast charging scenarios (such as electric vehicle fast charging stations, portable device fast charging, etc.). The electrolyte's conductivity can be ≥9 mS / cm by adjusting the solvent, electrolyte, additives, etc.

[0319] In some embodiments, in the above embodiments, by selecting the first battery cell and the second battery cell, such as selecting the second battery cell with high safety performance and the second battery cell with high energy density, the battery system can achieve a long driving range while maintaining high safety.

[0320] For the second battery cell with high safety performance, in this embodiment, the thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is not lower than 250°C. Selecting a second battery cell within this thermal runaway temperature range can effectively improve the thermal stability and safety of the second battery pack. Thus, the first and second battery cells together can improve the thermal stability and safety of the battery system in this embodiment, reduce the risk of thermal runaway, and enhance the safety of the battery system in this embodiment.

[0321] In this embodiment, the overcharge boundary of the high-safety-performance second battery cell is not lower than 140% SOC. Selecting a second battery cell within this overcharge boundary range ensures safety during charging, thus enabling the second battery cell, together with the first battery cell, to improve the safety of the battery system in this embodiment and expand the charging safety range.

[0322] In the embodiments, the high-safety-performance second battery cell may include at least one of a sodium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, a sodium metal battery cell, a lithium iron phosphate battery cell, or a lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell. Additionally, in the embodiments, the second battery cell may include at least one of a solid-state battery cell or a semi-solid-state battery cell. The second battery cell selected using these chemical or structural systems exhibits good thermal stability and safety, and can also improve the overcharge boundary of the second battery cell, thereby enhancing the safety of the battery system in the embodiments of this application.

[0323] In some embodiments, in the above embodiments, by selecting the first battery cell and the second battery cell, such as selecting the second battery cell with low-temperature performance and the first battery cell with high energy density, the battery system can meet the requirements for normal operation in low-temperature application scenarios, and can also better achieve the requirements for long-range operation.

[0324] Specifically, "good low-temperature performance" of a battery cell refers to the following: at a low temperature of -10℃, the charging time for a battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an equivalent 4C rate is ≤35min; or at a low temperature of -10℃, the charging time for a battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an equivalent 2.5C rate is ≤40min; or at a low temperature of -20℃, the capacity retention rate of a battery cell is >80% when charged and discharged at 0.33C; or at a low temperature of -20℃, the internal resistance of a battery cell is no more than twice that at room temperature when charged and discharged at 0.33C.

[0325] For the second battery cell with low-temperature performance, in this embodiment, the charging time for the second battery cell in the second battery pack from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes when the ambient temperature is -10°C. The second battery cell with this low-temperature charging time still exhibits excellent charging efficiency in low-temperature environments, thus shortening the charging time. In this way, the second battery cell, together with the second battery cell, can improve the low-temperature charging efficiency of the battery system in this application embodiment, enhancing the applicability of the battery system in low-temperature scenarios. In this embodiment, the second battery cell can be the second battery cell in the following embodiments.

[0326] In the embodiment, the second battery cell with low-temperature performance maintains a capacity retention rate of over 80% when charged / discharged at 0.33C at an ambient temperature of -20°C. This low-temperature capacity retention rate allows the second battery cell to maintain high discharge performance even in low-temperature environments, effectively reducing capacity decay caused by low temperatures. This significantly improves the stability of the battery system in low-temperature environments and enhances its applicability in low-temperature scenarios.

[0327] In the embodiments, the second battery cell with low-temperature performance includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion negative electrodeless battery cells, sodium metal battery cells, ternary lithium-ion battery cells, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cells; wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The second battery cells using these chemical systems exhibit good low-temperature charge-discharge efficiency and low-temperature stability, which can improve the stability of the battery system in the embodiments of this application operating in low-temperature environments.

[0328] In some embodiments, in the above embodiments, by selecting the first and second battery cells, such as using the second battery cell with high power and high energy density, the battery system can achieve both high-power, strong-performance capabilities and a long driving range. Here, battery power measures the ability of a battery cell to output or input energy per unit time.

[0329] For the high-power second battery cell, in this embodiment, the second battery cell is discharged to the lower cutoff voltage at a 5C rate under 50% SOC conditions. The discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 30 seconds, optionally greater than or equal to 60 seconds, and further optionally greater than or equal to 100 seconds. The second battery cell with this discharge rate condition can maintain a relatively long discharge time even under high-rate discharge conditions. Thus, the first and second battery cells together can improve the instantaneous high-current output capability of the battery system in this application embodiment, enhancing the applicability of the battery system in instantaneous high-current output scenarios (such as rapid acceleration of electric vehicles, high-power operation of power tools, etc.). In this embodiment, the second battery cell can be the second battery cell in the following embodiments.

[0330] In the embodiment, the second battery cell with high power discharges at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, and the DC resistance (DCR) of the second battery cell is <0.4mΩ, optionally <0.3mΩ. The second battery cell with this DC resistance (DCR) range has low DC resistance, which reduces the energy loss of the battery system in the present application embodiment in instantaneous high current output scenarios, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the battery system.

[0331] In the embodiments, the power density of the second battery cell with high power is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600W / kg and 5000W / kg. In exemplary cases, typical but non-limiting power densities such as 600W / kg, 1000W / kg, 2000W / kg, 3000W / kg, 4000W / kg, and 5000W / kg, or any range between two power density values, are possible. The second battery pack with this power density range has a strong power output capability, enabling it to output a large amount of electrical energy in a short time, thus improving the applicability of the battery system in this application embodiment in scenarios with instantaneous high current output.

[0332] In some embodiments, in the above embodiments, by selecting the first battery cell and the second battery cell, such as selecting the first battery cell with long life and high temperature stability and the second battery cell with high energy density, the battery system can achieve a long driving range while having a long cycle life, high power with high temperature stability.

[0333] For the second battery cell with long lifespan and high-temperature stability, in this embodiment, the long lifespan of the second battery cell can be characterized by: when charged and discharged at a rate of 1C and 1C (1C / 1C) to 70% SOH, the number of cycles for the second battery cell is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles. The second battery cell with this cycle performance characteristic has an extremely long cycle life. Thus, the first and second battery cells together can improve the overall performance and lifespan of the battery system in this application embodiment, enhancing the applicability of the battery system in application scenarios requiring frequent charging and discharging.

[0334] In the embodiments, the high-temperature stability of the second battery cell with long lifespan and high-temperature stability can be manifested as follows: In the embodiments, the second battery cell is stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, and the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95%. In the embodiments, the first battery cell in the second battery pack is stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, and the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98%. The second battery cell with this capacity retention rate at this temperature has excellent thermal stability, or further has a long cycle life as described above, which enhances the application scenarios of the battery system of this application in long-term storage in high-temperature environments (such as energy storage systems in tropical regions or power batteries for electric vehicles), and can further improve the service life at high temperatures.

[0335] The battery system further includes at least one third battery pack, which is a low-voltage battery module; optionally, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module is less than or equal to 60V.

[0336] Optionally, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module includes one or more of 12V, 24V, 36V or 48V.

[0337] The third battery pack is electrically connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively via a voltage conversion module. The third battery pack discharges to the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack through the voltage conversion module; and / or...

[0338] The third battery pack is electrically connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively through a voltage conversion module, and the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack discharges to the third battery pack through the voltage conversion module.

[0339] The third battery pack is electrically connected to the voltage conversion module, and the third battery pack supplies power to the load through the voltage conversion module.

[0340] In some embodiments, the battery system of this application may include at least the battery packs of Embodiments 1 to 10 as described in Table 1 below. Each battery pack in Embodiments 1 to 10 includes a first battery pack containing a first battery cell and a second battery pack containing a second battery cell. The chemical systems of the first and second battery cells are different. For the specific preparation methods of the corresponding battery cells in each battery pack in Embodiments 1 to 10, please refer to the battery cell preparation methods below.

[0341] Table 1

[0342] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is also used to charge the second battery pack via a voltage conversion circuit.

[0343] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, for controlling the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0344] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; the first voltage conversion device is connected to a first battery pack and a second battery pack respectively; the first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.

[0345] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a controller, which is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state; wherein the first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0346] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0347] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0348] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0349] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and control the first battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load; wherein the second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states:

[0350] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than 30%;

[0351] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0352] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0353] In some embodiments, the first and second battery packs are capable of independently supplying voltage to the load.

[0354] In some embodiments, a first battery pack is used to connect to a first load and provide a first voltage to the first load; a second battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load.

[0355] In some embodiments, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0356] In some embodiments, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the second battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0357] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack for controlling the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to access the power supply circuit.

[0358] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes: a first switch connected to the first battery pack for controlling the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit; and a second switch connected to the second battery pack for controlling the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

[0359] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0360] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a third switch connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, for controlling the on / off state of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

[0361] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0362] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch; the fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series; the fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.

[0363] A first aspect of this application provides a battery system for supplying power to a first load and a second load, the battery system comprising:

[0364] At least two battery packs, wherein at least two battery packs respectively provide a first voltage to a first load through a first power supply circuit, and at least two battery packs respectively provide a second voltage to a second load through a second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage;

[0365] At least one of the first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit; the voltage conversion circuit is used to convert the input voltage into a first voltage or a second voltage.

[0366] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a first power supply circuit can be used to provide a first voltage to a first load, and a second power supply circuit can be used to provide a second voltage to a second load. At least two battery packs can each provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit. If one battery pack malfunctions, at least one other battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, improving the power supply stability of the first load and reducing safety hazards caused by power failure. Conversely, at least two battery packs can each provide the second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit. If one battery pack malfunctions, at least one other battery pack can provide power to the second load through the second power supply circuit, improving the power supply stability of the second load and reducing safety hazards caused by power failure. This ensures that both the first and second loads have at least two power supply circuits. Furthermore, at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power to both the first and second loads simultaneously, thus improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0367] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack;

[0368] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively used to provide a first voltage to a first load through a first power supply circuit and to provide a second voltage to a second load through a second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0369] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the connection between the first battery pack and the second battery pack is controlled by a switching circuit. The first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively provide a first voltage to the first load through a first power supply circuit, and the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively provide a second voltage to the second load through a second power supply circuit. In the event of an anomaly in one of the battery packs, the other normal battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load and reduce safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load. On the other hand, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively provide the second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit. In the event of an anomaly in one of the battery packs, the other normal battery pack can provide power to the second load through the second power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the second load and reduce safety hazards caused by power failure of the second load. This ensures that both the first load and the second load can be powered by at least two power supply circuits, and at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power supply to both the first load and the second load simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0370] In some embodiments, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load;

[0371] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for outputting a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0372] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively output a first voltage and provide the first voltage to the first load. The second power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which converts the first voltage provided by the first battery pack and the second battery pack into a second voltage. The first battery pack and the second battery pack provide the second voltage to the second load respectively through the voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack or the second battery pack, the other normal battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load. On the other hand, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively provide the second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, the other normal battery pack can provide power to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the second load and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load. This allows both the first load and the second load to have at least two power supply circuits to supply them, and at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power supply to both the first load and the second load simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0373] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device and a second voltage conversion device;

[0374] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load;

[0375] The first battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device;

[0376] The second battery pack is connected to the second voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the second voltage conversion device.

[0377] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively output a first voltage and provide the first voltage to the first load. The second power supply circuit includes a first voltage conversion device and a second voltage conversion device. Both the first voltage conversion device and the second voltage conversion device can convert the input first voltage into a second voltage. The first voltage conversion device converts the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and outputs it to the second load. The second voltage conversion device is used to convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second load. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack or the second battery pack, another normal battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load. On the other hand, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can each provide a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs, the other normal battery pack can provide power to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. This can improve the power supply stability of the second load, reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load, and ensure that both the first load and the second load can be supplied with power by at least two power supply circuits. Furthermore, at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power supply to both the first load and the second load simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0378] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;

[0379] The first battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load;

[0380] The first battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device;

[0381] The second battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the first voltage conversion device.

[0382] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load via a first voltage conversion device, and the second battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load via the first voltage conversion device. The first side of the first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack, which can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second battery pack or the second load from its second side. The second side of the first voltage conversion device is connected to the second battery pack, which can convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack into a first voltage and output it to the first battery pack or the first load from its first side. In this way, if the first battery pack malfunctions, the second battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first voltage conversion device, and if the second battery pack malfunctions, the first battery pack can provide the second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device. This improves the power supply stability of the first and second loads, reduces the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first or second load, and helps to improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0383] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load;

[0384] The first battery pack is connected to a first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device;

[0385] The second battery pack is connected to the second voltage conversion device and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the second voltage conversion device.

[0386] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load via a first power supply circuit, and the second battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load via a second power supply circuit. A first voltage converter is connected to the first battery pack on its first side and to the second battery pack and / or the second load on its second side. The first voltage converter can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second battery pack or the second load from its second side. Similarly, a second voltage converter is connected to the second battery pack and / or the second load on its first side and to the first battery pack and / or the first load on its second side. The second voltage converter can convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack into a first voltage and output it to the first battery pack or the first load from its second side. Thus, in the event of an anomaly in the first battery pack, the second battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load via the second voltage converter; conversely, in the event of an anomaly in the second battery pack, the first battery pack can provide the second voltage to the second load via the first voltage converter. This improves the power supply stability of the first and second loads, reduces safety hazards caused by power failures of either the first or second load, and helps improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0387] In some embodiments, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to provide a first voltage to the first load, respectively;

[0388] At least some of the battery cells in the first battery pack and / or at least some of the battery cells in the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0389] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively output a first voltage to the first load through a first power supply circuit. At least some battery cells in the first battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit. Some battery cells in the second battery pack can also output a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack, some normal battery cells in the first battery pack or some normal battery cells in the second battery pack can be selected to provide the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit. This provides multiple redundant power supplies for the first load and the second load, reduces the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load or the second load, and helps to improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0390] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is used to provide a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack is used to provide a second voltage to the second load;

[0391] At least some of the individual cells of the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for providing a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit;

[0392] and / or

[0393] At least some of the individual cells of the first battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for providing a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0394] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load, and the second battery pack provides a second voltage to the second load. Some individual battery cells within the second battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack, the second battery pack or at least some of the normal battery cells within the first battery pack can be selected to provide the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the first load. Alternatively, at least some of the battery cells within the first battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack, at least some of the normal battery cells within the first battery pack can be selected to provide the second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the second load. This reduces safety hazards caused by power failure of the first or second load and helps improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0395] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch connected to the at least two battery packs, the fourth switch being used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected in parallel to the power supply circuit.

[0396] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the positive bus via a fourth switch, or the negative terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the negative bus via a fourth switch. The controller can control the connection status of the battery packs with the positive and negative bus by controlling the switching state of the fourth switch. In this way, the number of battery packs connected to the power supply circuit can be adjusted according to the needs of the power consumption scenario, which significantly improves the range. It can also balance the load current by connecting multiple battery packs in parallel, reduce the charging and discharging pressure of a single battery pack, reduce local overheating or overload of the battery system, extend the overall life of the battery system, and, in the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, another battery pack can be selected to supply power externally, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0397] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs; where n is a positive integer greater than 2 and m is a positive integer;

[0398] At least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit;

[0399] At least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit;

[0400] The m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit.

[0401] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the battery system may include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs. At least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit; at least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit; and the m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit. By setting multiple power supply circuits to supply power to the first and second loads, if one power supply circuit fails, other power supply circuits can be selected to supply power, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0402] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0403] A third power supply circuit is connected to at least two of the battery packs, and the at least two battery packs charge and discharge each other through the third power supply circuit.

[0404] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, one battery pack in the battery system can charge other battery packs through a third power supply circuit, and other battery packs can also charge the battery pack through the third power supply circuit. This can achieve power balance among multiple battery packs, or select one battery pack as the main battery to supply power to an external load, and other battery packs as backup batteries. When the main battery has low power, the backup batteries can replenish the main battery, thereby improving the battery system's endurance and power supply stability.

[0405] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include a fifth battery pack and a sixth battery pack;

[0406] The fifth battery pack and the sixth battery pack are connected to the third power supply circuit. The fifth battery pack is used to charge the sixth battery pack through the third power supply circuit, or the sixth battery pack is used to charge the fifth battery pack through the third power supply circuit.

[0407] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the fifth battery pack can charge the sixth battery pack through the third power supply circuit, and the sixth battery pack can also charge the fifth battery pack through the third power supply circuit. In the battery system, either the fifth or sixth battery pack can be selected as the main battery to supply power to the external load, and the other battery pack can be used as a backup battery. When the main battery has a low charge, the backup battery can replenish the main battery, thereby improving the battery system's range and power supply stability.

[0408] In some embodiments, the third power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, the fifth battery pack and the sixth battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit, the fifth battery pack is used to charge the sixth battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack is used to charge the fifth battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0409] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the output voltage of the fifth battery pack is different from that of the sixth battery pack. The fifth battery pack can charge the sixth battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack can also charge the fifth battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit. In the battery system, either the fifth or sixth battery pack can be selected as the main battery to supply power to the external load, while the other battery pack serves as a backup battery. When the main battery's charge is low, the backup battery replenishes the main battery's power, thereby improving the battery system's range and power supply stability.

[0410] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs are connected in parallel, and the battery system further includes:

[0411] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected to the power supply circuit.

[0412] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. The connection state between the battery packs and the positive and negative bus is controlled by the switching circuit. In this way, the number of battery packs connected to the power supply circuit can be adjusted according to the needs of the power consumption scenario, which significantly improves the power supply capacity of the battery system. In addition, if one battery pack malfunctions, another battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0413] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0414] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

[0415] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminal of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack is connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminal of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack is connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. The connection state of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack with the positive bus and the negative bus is controlled by the switching circuit. In this way, the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack can be selected to be connected to the power supply circuit, which significantly improves the power supply capacity of the battery system. In addition, if one of the battery packs is abnormal, the other battery pack can be selected to be connected to the power supply circuit to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0416] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes;

[0417] A first switch, connected to the first battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit;

[0418] The second switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

[0419] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack are connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminals of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack are connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. A first switch, connected in series with the first battery pack, can control its connection to the positive and negative bus. A second switch, connected in series with the second battery pack, can also control its connection to the positive and negative bus. Thus, by controlling the switching states of the first and second switches, the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit, significantly improving the power supply capacity of the battery system. Furthermore, if one battery pack malfunctions, the other battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit to provide external power, improving the power supply stability of the battery system.

[0420] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0421] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control the at least two battery packs in series.

[0422] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the switching circuit to make at least two battery packs connected in series, so as to select the corresponding battery packs to be connected in series according to the power consumption or voltage consumption of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.

[0423] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is further configured to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0424] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series by controlling the switching circuit, so as to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series according to the power consumption or voltage consumption of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.

[0425] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes:

[0426] The third switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

[0427] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the third switch is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack, so that the third switch can be controlled to connect the first battery pack and the second battery pack in series according to the power or voltage of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.

[0428] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0429] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control the at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0430] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the switching circuit can control at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel, so as to realize the flexible use of the battery system and the flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform.

[0431] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0432] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0433] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the switching circuit can control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel, so as to realize the flexible use of the battery system and the flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform.

[0434] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch;

[0435] The fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0436] The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.

[0437] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the switching state of the fourth switch to connect at least two battery packs in series. This allows the controller to select the appropriate battery pack to be connected in series based on the load's power consumption or voltage. Under the same power demand, outputting higher voltage through series-connected battery packs reduces output current, decreases conductor cross-sectional area requirements and line transmission losses, and improves battery system efficiency. The controller can also control the switching state of the fifth switch to connect at least two battery packs in parallel, significantly improving battery life. Furthermore, if one battery pack malfunctions, the controller can select the other battery pack to supply power, enhancing the stability of the battery system.

[0438] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a sixth switch, the sixth switch including at least a first contact group and a second contact group;

[0439] The first contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs connected in series;

[0440] The second contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in parallel;

[0441] The sixth switch is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0442] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a sixth switch is provided. The sixth switch includes at least a first contact group that can control two battery packs connected in series and a second contact group that can control two battery packs connected in parallel. By setting a switch that controls the on / off of multiple circuits, the series-parallel switching of two high-voltage battery packs can be realized, thereby achieving flexible use of the battery system and flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform, while reducing the complexity of setting up electronic components in the system.

[0443] The battery device disclosed in this application (also referred to as a battery system in this application; in this application, battery device and battery system are equivalent) is applicable to various electrical devices that use battery devices, and a power system for an electrical device can be formed using the battery device disclosed in this application. Electrical devices include mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0444] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device.

[0445] Referring to Figure 1, vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery device 1100 is installed inside vehicle 1000, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of vehicle 1000. The battery device 1100 can be used to power vehicle 1000; for example, it can serve as the operating power source for vehicle 1000. Vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 1200 and a motor 1300. The controller 1200 controls the battery device 1100 to supply power to the motor 1300, for example, to meet the power needs of vehicle 1000 during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0446] In some embodiments of this application, the battery device 1100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0447] This application provides an electrical device including the aforementioned battery device. This electrical device can be an electric vehicle, such as an electric vehicle, electric ship, electric spacecraft, etc. The electric vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, etc. According to the drive method, the vehicle can be a front-wheel drive vehicle, a rear-wheel drive vehicle, or a four-wheel drive vehicle. The vehicle body is mounted on a chassis, and the chassis integrates an electric drive system. The electric drive system includes a battery device, a motor, and a motor controller. The battery device can serve as a drive power source to power the motor.

[0448] Electric vehicles mainly consist of a chassis, body, powertrain, and electrical system. The chassis includes, but is not limited to, the suspension, steering, braking, and transmission systems, and primarily functions to support the vehicle body, transmit power, and control the vehicle's driving posture. The body is the vehicle's outer shell, providing passenger space and protecting passenger safety; its design emphasizes lightweight construction and aerodynamics.

[0449] The power system includes a power battery (battery unit), a drive motor, and a motor controller. The power battery stores electrical energy and provides power to the vehicle; the drive motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. The motor controller coordinates the efficient operation of the battery unit and the motor, including energy management, power distribution, and system protection.

[0450] The electrical system includes various electronic devices and control systems, such as battery management systems, on-board chargers, air conditioning systems, lighting systems, and vehicle control systems, to monitor, control, and coordinate the various functions of the vehicle.

[0451] The basic architecture of an electric vehicle's power supply system mainly consists of a battery pack, a charging system, a DC / DC converter, and electrical loads. The battery pack is the core power source. The charging system includes AC and DC charging interfaces, allowing connection to an external power source to charge the battery pack. At least most of the high-voltage DC output from the battery pack is converted to three-phase AC power by the motor controller (inverter) to power the drive motor, which then drives the vehicle according to its driving needs. A smaller portion of the high-voltage DC output from the battery pack is converted to low-voltage DC power by the DC / DC converter to power the vehicle's low-voltage electrical systems, such as the onboard computer, dashboard, lights, and audio system. It also charges the vehicle's independently configured low-voltage (e.g., 12V, 24V) auxiliary battery to maintain its charge and ensure the stable operation of the vehicle's low-voltage equipment.

[0452] In addition, the power supply system also includes a battery management system, which monitors the battery status in real time, such as voltage, current, and temperature, and performs power management, charge and discharge control, and safety protection to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery.

[0453] As shown in Figure 2, the battery device 1100 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs 1001, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack 1001 may include multiple individual battery cells 1002, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0454] In some embodiments, the battery pack 1001 is typically formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells 1002.

[0455] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells 1002 into an independent module. As an example, the battery module can be formed by binding multiple battery cells 1002 together with cable ties.

[0456] In some embodiments, the battery device 1100 further includes a housing 100 in which the battery pack 1001 is housed.

[0457] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing 100 by fixing the battery module in the housing 100.

[0458] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can also be housed in the housing 100 by directly fixing multiple battery cells 1002 to the housing 100.

[0459] As an example, the housing 100 may include a first housing 110 and a second housing 120. The first housing 110 and the second housing 120 are fastened together to form a closed space inside the housing 100 to house the battery pack 1001. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first housing 110 may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0460] As an example, the housing 100 may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and the bottom plate are respectively connected to the frame, so that the interior of the housing 100 forms an enclosed space to accommodate the battery pack 1001.

[0461] In some embodiments, the housing 100 may be part of the chassis structure of the vehicle 1000. For example, a portion of the housing 100 may be at least a portion of the floor of the vehicle 1000, or a portion of the housing 100 may be at least a portion of the crossbeams and longitudinal beams of the vehicle 1000.

[0462] In some embodiments, the battery device 1100 may refer to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. The energy storage device may include an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, etc.

[0463] In some embodiments, the battery cell 1002 can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell 1002 that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after being discharged. The battery cell 1002 can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0464] In some embodiments, the battery device may be a single battery pack or an architecture consisting of multiple battery packs. The battery pack may be a group of battery cells connected in series and / or parallel, or it may be an independent battery pack that includes groups of battery cells.

[0465] In some embodiments, one or more battery packs in the battery device are configured to be removable and / or replaceable.

[0466] In some embodiments, the battery pack may be replaced with the same or different battery packs, including but not limited to different battery packs in terms of voltage, capacity, energy density, and at least one of the chemical systems.

[0467] In some embodiments, multiple battery cells in a battery pack may be the same or different. Different battery cells include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: voltage, capacity, energy density, and chemical system.

[0468] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the battery device 1100 is used to supply power to the load 900. The battery device 1100 includes a housing 100, a first battery pack 300, and a second battery pack 400. The housing 100 has an output interface 700 for connecting to the power supply circuit of the load 900. The first battery pack 300 is located inside the housing 100 and includes a plurality of first battery cells 310. The plurality of first battery cells 310 are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal 320. The second battery pack 400 is located inside the housing 100 and includes a plurality of second battery cells 410. The plurality of second battery cells 410 are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal 420. The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the output interface 700. Both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to be able to connect and disconnect from the load 900.

[0469] In some examples, the first battery pack 300 includes one or more battery packs 1001 as described above, and the second battery pack 400 includes one or more battery packs 1001 as described above. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 include different battery packs 1001. The first battery cell 310 may refer to the battery cell 1002 in the first battery pack 300, and the second battery cell 410 may refer to the battery cell 1002 in the second battery pack 400.

[0470] The multiple first battery cells 310 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load 900. In this way, multiple smaller first battery cells 310 are combined into a first battery pack 300 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery device 1100.

[0471] In some examples, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 may be of the same type of battery cell 1002 or of different types of battery cells 1002.

[0472] As an example, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also be connected to form a battery module, with some battery cells 1002 in the battery module forming the first battery pack 300 and other battery cells 1002 in the battery module forming the second battery pack 400.

[0473] The first main terminal 320 is a common connection point formed by the interconnection of multiple first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300. It is used to connect the first battery pack 300 to the output interface 700 to realize the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The positive interface 1003 and the negative interface 1004 of the first battery pack 300 form the first main terminal 320. The positive interface 1003 and the second negative interface 1004 of the first battery pack 300 can be electrically connected to the output interface 700 through wires, terminals, or other components to supply power to the load 900.

[0474] In some examples, the busbar connects multiple first battery cells 310 together to form a unified output terminal, which is the first total output terminal. As an example, the busbar can be a busbar structure, a strip-shaped structure made of a metal with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. It can connect the electrode terminals of multiple first battery cells 310 together to form a unified output terminal. Busbars can effectively reduce resistance, decrease power loss, and facilitate installation and maintenance.

[0475] The multiple second battery cells 410 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load 900. In this way, multiple smaller second battery cells 410 are combined into a second battery pack 400 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery device 1100.

[0476] The second main terminal 420 is a common connection point formed by the interconnection of multiple second battery cells 410 in the second battery pack 400. It is used to connect the second battery pack 400 to the output interface 700 to realize the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 form the second main terminal 420. The positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 can be electrically connected to the output interface 700 through wires, terminals, or other components to supply power to the load 900.

[0477] In some examples, the busbar connects multiple second battery cells 410 together to form a unified output terminal, which is the second total output terminal. As an example, the busbar can be a busbar structure, a strip-shaped structure made of a metal with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. It can connect the electrode terminals of multiple second battery cells 410 together to form a unified output terminal. Busbars effectively reduce resistance, minimize power loss, and facilitate installation and maintenance.

[0478] The power supply circuit of load 900 can refer to the power supply circuit of load 900. The output interface 700 is connected to the power supply circuit of load 900, and the battery device 1100 can supply power to load 900.

[0479] The output interface 700 can refer to the electrical connection interface provided on the housing 100. The output interface 700 is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the output interface 700 is connected to the power supply circuit of the load 900, so that the electrical energy of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be output to the load 900 to supply power to the load 900. The output interface 700 is also a connection bridge between the battery device 1100 and the load 900, and has the function of realizing electrical energy transmission.

[0480] In some examples, the output interface 700 may include one or more connectors, and the number of loads 900 may be one or more. Multiple loads 900 may be electrically connected to the battery device 1100 through a single connector, or multiple loads 900 may be electrically connected to the battery device 1100 through multiple connectors. Connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc. Loads 900 may be, but are not limited to, motors, air conditioners, compressors, batteries, etc.

[0481] Both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to connect and disconnect from the load 900. This means that when the first main terminal 320 is connected to the load 900, the first battery pack 300 can supply power to the load 900; when the first main terminal 320 is disconnected from the load 900, the first battery pack 300 and the load 900 are in an open circuit state, and the first battery pack 300 cannot supply power to the load 900. Similarly, when the second main terminal 420 is connected to the load 900, the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the load 900; when the second main terminal 420 is disconnected from the load 900, the second battery pack 400 and the load 900 are in an open circuit state, and the second battery pack 400 cannot supply power to the load 900.

[0482] In some examples, the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900 can be achieved by a switch, and the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900 can also be achieved by a switch.

[0483] As an example, referring to Figure 4, the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the load 900, respectively. At least one of the circuits connecting the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the load 900 and the circuits connecting the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 and the negative terminal 1004 of the load 900 is provided with an on / off switch K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900. The positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the load 900, respectively. At least one of the circuits connecting the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 and the positive terminal 1003 of the load 900 and the circuits connecting the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the load 900 is provided with an on / off switch K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900.

[0484] In some embodiments, referring to FIG4a), the on / off switch K1 may be disposed between the output interface 700 and the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420.

[0485] In some embodiments, referring to FIG4b), the on / off switch K1 may also be disposed between the output interface 700 and the load 900; it is understood that in some embodiments, a portion of the on / off switch K1 is disposed between the output interface 700 and the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420, and another portion is disposed between the output interface 700 and the load 900.

[0486] In some examples, referring to Figure 5, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the load 900. The parallel branch of the first battery pack 300 is provided with one or more on / off switches K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900. The parallel branch of the second battery pack 400 is provided with one or more on / off switches K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900.

[0487] As an example, referring to Figure 6c), the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series and electrically connected to the load 900. A switch K1 is connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. This controls the series and parallel connection of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, as well as the individual power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0488] As an example, referring to Figure 6d), the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series and electrically connected to the load 900. A switch K1 is connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. The negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700 respectively through a single-pole double-throw switch K5, thereby controlling the series and parallel connection of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, as well as the individual power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0489] In this embodiment of the battery device 1100, during use, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the load 900 through the output interface 700. Furthermore, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to connect and disconnect from the load 900. When the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the first main terminal 320 can be disconnected from the load 900, while the second main terminal 420 is connected to the load 900, switching to independent power supply from the second battery pack 400 to the load 900. Similarly, when the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the first battery pack 300 can also independently supply power to the load 900. This ensures that if one of the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the other can continue to supply power, allowing the load 900 to operate. This improves the reliability and stability of the entire battery device 1100 and solves the problem that the device cannot continue to be used when one battery pack 1001 malfunctions.

[0490] In some embodiments, the load 900 includes a first load 910, the output interface 700 includes a first output interface 710 for connecting the power supply circuit of the first load 910, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first output interface 710, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are both able to provide a first voltage to the first load 910, the first voltage range being greater than or equal to 150V.

[0491] The first load 910 can refer to a load 900 whose supply voltage is the first voltage; the first voltage is greater than or equal to 150V, and the first voltage can be any value above 150V; for example, the first voltage can be, but is not limited to, 150V, 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 1000V, and 1500V.

[0492] As an example, in vehicle 1000, load 900 is divided into high-voltage load and low-voltage load. The high-voltage load may include at least one of the vehicle 1000's front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system can be used to drive the front wheels of vehicle 1000 forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system can be used to drive the rear wheels of vehicle 1000 forward, backward, and steer. The low-voltage load includes the vehicle 1000's electronic control system, onboard refrigerator, onboard air conditioner, and 12V / 48V battery. The low-voltage load can be referred to as the second load 920, and the supply voltage of the second load 920 is the second voltage.

[0493] The power supply circuit of the first load 910 can refer to the power supply circuit of the first load 910. The first output interface 710 is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910. The battery device 1100 can supply power to the first load 910.

[0494] The first output interface 710 can refer to the interface in the output interface 700 used for electrical connection with the first load 910. The first output interface 710 is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the first output interface 710 is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can output to the first load 910 to provide a first voltage.

[0495] In some examples, the first output interface 710 may include one or more connectors, and the number of first loads 910 may be one or more. Multiple first loads 910 may be electrically connected to the battery device 1100 via a single connector, or multiple first loads 910 may be electrically connected to the battery device 1100 via multiple connectors. The connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc.

[0496] Both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910. It can be understood that when the first main terminal 320 is connected to the first load 910, the first battery pack 300 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, and the first load 910 can operate; when the second main terminal 420 is connected to the second load 920, the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the second load 920, and the second load 920 can operate.

[0497] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. When one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the other can provide the first voltage to the first load 910, improving the reliability and stability of the battery device 1100, enabling the first load 910 to continue to operate stably, and reducing the downtime of the electrical device caused by the malfunction of the battery device 1100.

[0498] In some embodiments, referring to FIG7, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 provide a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second power supply circuit 250.

[0499] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first load 910 via a switch module 210, which is configured to enable at least one of the following power supply modes:

[0500] Power supply mode 1: Switch from power supply state (1) to power supply state (2);

[0501] Power supply mode 2: Switch from power supply state (1) to power supply state (3);

[0502] Power supply mode 3: Switching from power supply state (1) to power supply state (2) and switching from power supply state (1) to power supply state (3);

[0503] Power supply mode 4: Switching between power supply state (2) and power supply state (3);

[0504] Power supply mode 5: Switch from power supply state (4) to power supply state (5);

[0505] Power supply mode 6: Switch from power supply state (4) to power supply state (6);

[0506] Power supply mode 7: Switching between power supply state (1) and power supply state (4);

[0507] In the power supply state (1), the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel to supply power to the first load 910;

[0508] Power supply state (2): The first battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 is disconnected from the first load 910;

[0509] Power supply status (3): The second battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 300 is disconnected from the first load 910;

[0510] Power supply status (4): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to supply power to the first load 910;

[0511] Power supply status (5): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the first battery pack 300 and the first load 910;

[0512] Power supply status (6): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910.

[0513] The switch module 210 can refer to a module used to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the first load 910, and between the second main terminal 420 and the first load 910. By controlling the switch module 210, the connection and disconnection between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910 can be realized, thereby achieving multiple power supply modes.

[0514] Power supply state (1): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel to supply power to the first load 910. When connected in parallel, the total voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 remains unchanged, but the total current of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 will increase, which can provide a larger current to the first load 910. This is suitable for scenarios that require a large current output, such as when the first load 910 needs a large power at the moment of startup or when the vehicle is climbing a hill at 1000 km / h. This power supply state can also be used as the normal power supply state.

[0515] Power supply state (2): The first battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 is disconnected from the first load 910. When the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, requires maintenance, or has low power, it can be switched to this state, and the first load 910 can be powered by the first battery pack 300 and continue to operate; this power supply state can also be used as normal power supply, in which case the second battery pack 400 serves as a backup power source, or the second battery pack 400 replenishes power to the first battery pack 300.

[0516] Power supply state (3): The second battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 300 is disconnected from the first load 910. Similar to power supply state (2), when the first battery pack 300 has a problem, the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910 alone; this power supply state can also be used as normal power supply, in which case the first battery pack 300 acts as a backup power source, or the first battery pack 300 replenishes power to the second battery pack 400.

[0517] Power supply state (4): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to supply power to the first load 910. When connected in series, the total voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 will increase, which can provide a higher voltage to the first load 910.

[0518] Power supply state (5): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the first battery pack 300 and the first load 910. When the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, requires maintenance, or has low power, it can be switched to this state, and the first load 910 can be powered by the first battery pack 300 and continue to operate; this power supply state can also be used as normal power supply, in which case the second battery pack 400 serves as a backup power source, or the second battery pack 400 replenishes the power of the first battery pack 300.

[0519] Power supply state (6): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910. When the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, requires maintenance, or has low power, it can be switched to this state, and the first load 910 can be powered by the first battery pack 300 and continue to operate; this power supply state can also be used as normal power supply, in which case the first battery pack 300 serves as a backup power source, or the first battery pack 300 replenishes power for the second battery pack 400.

[0520] Power supply mode 1 switches from parallel power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to power supply of the first battery pack 300 alone; in this way, when the second battery pack 400 is abnormal, the parallel power supply can be disconnected and the power supply can be switched to the first battery pack 300. The first battery pack 300 serves as a backup battery for the second battery pack 400, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0521] Power supply mode 2 switches from parallel power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to power supply of the second battery pack 400 alone; in this way, when the first battery pack 300 is abnormal, the parallel power supply can be disconnected and the power supply can be switched to the second battery pack 400. The second battery pack 400 serves as a backup battery for the first battery pack 300, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0522] Power supply mode 3 encompasses the switching scenarios of the first two modes. When the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the parallel connection can be disconnected, and power can be switched to the first battery pack 300. Conversely, when the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the parallel power supply can be disconnected, and power can be switched to the second battery pack 400. The two battery packs 1001 serve as backup batteries for each other, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. Furthermore, the battery device 1100 can flexibly switch between these two power supply modes according to actual needs to meet different usage requirements.

[0523] Power supply mode 4: It realizes the mutual switching between power supply state (2) and power supply state (3), that is, it can flexibly switch between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 supplying power independently. In this way, when one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 cannot work properly, the other can continue to supply power to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0524] Power supply mode 5-6: Switches from the series power supply state of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to individual power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively. In this way, when either the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400 is abnormal, the series power supply state can be disconnected and switched to power supply only by the normal battery pack 1001, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. In addition, the power supply mode can be adjusted according to the voltage and current requirements of the first load 910.

[0525] Power supply mode 7: It realizes the switching between power supply state (1) and power supply state (4), that is, the switching between parallel power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and series power supply, so as to meet the different voltage and current requirements of the first load 910 in different working stages.

[0526] In some examples, the switch module 210 may adopt the structure of the on / off switch K1 described above, as well as the structure of the on / off switch K1 and the single-pole double-throw switch K5.

[0527] In some examples, referring to Figure 8, the switch module 210 includes a first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and a second single-pole double-throw switch K3, which are disposed between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. The following explanation assumes that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can output a 400V voltage.

[0528] Referring to Example a) in Figure 8, the contact 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the contact 5 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3 are connected. By controlling the connection of contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and contacts 1 and 5 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected in series, and an 800V voltage can be provided by the first output interface 710.

[0529] Referring to Example b) in Figure 8, in the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, by controlling the disconnection between contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the connection between contacts 1 and 2 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3, the second battery pack 400 can provide a voltage of 400V to the first output interface 710.

[0530] Referring to Example c) in Figure 8, in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, by controlling the disconnection between contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2, and connecting contacts 3 and 4 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2, the first battery pack 300 can provide a voltage of 400V to the first output interface 710.

[0531] Referring to Example d) in Figure 8, when the required voltage of the first output interface 710 is 400V, by controlling the disconnection between contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2, contact 3 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 is connected to its contact 4, and contact 1 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3 is connected to its contact 2, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected in parallel, and at the same time, a voltage of 400V can be provided to the first output interface 710.

[0532] In some examples, referring to Figure 9, the switch module 210 includes a third switch K11, a first switch K21, and a second switch K22. The third switch K11 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. The switching state of the third switch K11 is controlled by the controller, which can control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series. The first switch K21 is connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the first output terminal 710. The second switch K22 is connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the first output terminal 710. The switching states of the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 are controlled by the controller, which can control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in parallel.

[0533] Power supply status (1): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is closed, the second switch K22 is closed, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel.

[0534] Power supply status (2): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is closed, the second switch K22 is open, the first battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 is disconnected from the first load 910.

[0535] Power supply status (3): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is open, the second switch K22 is closed, the second battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 300 is disconnected from the first load 910.

[0536] Power supply status (4): The third switch K11 is closed, the first switch K21 is open, the second switch K22 is open, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to supply power to the first load 910.

[0537] Power supply status (5): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is closed, and the second switch K22 is open, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the first battery pack 300 and the first load 910 are connected.

[0538] Power supply status (6): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is open, and the second switch K22 is closed, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910 are connected.

[0539] Power supply mode 1: Switching from power supply state (1) to power supply state (2) can be achieved by switching the second switch K22 from closed to open.

[0540] Power supply mode 2: Switching from power supply state (1) to power supply state (3) can be achieved by switching the first switch K21 from closed to open.

[0541] Power supply mode 4: The switching between power supply state (2) and power supply state (3) can be achieved by the opening and closing of the first switch K21 and the second switch K22.

[0542] Power supply mode 5: The switch from power supply state (4) to power supply state (5) can be achieved by switching the third switch K11 from closed to open and the first switch K21 from open to closed.

[0543] Power supply mode 6: The switch from power supply state (4) to power supply state (6) can be achieved by switching the third switch K11 from closed to open and the second switch K22 from open to closed.

[0544] Power supply mode 7: The switching between power supply state (1) and power supply state (4) can be achieved by the opening and closing of the third switch K11, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22.

[0545] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the switch module 210 can realize one or more power supply modes. It can flexibly adjust the power supply mode according to the power requirements of the first load 910 and the status of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 (such as power level, abnormal conditions, etc.), so as to ensure that the battery device 1100 can operate stably and efficiently under various conditions, improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce the risk that the first load 910 cannot work properly due to the abnormality of the battery pack 1001.

[0546] In some implementations, referring to Figure 9, the switch module 210 includes a first switch K21 and a second switch K22. The first switch K21 is connected to the first main terminal 320 and is used to control the first battery pack 300 to be connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910. The second switch K22 is connected to the second main terminal 420 and is used to control the second battery pack 400 to be connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910.

[0547] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, a redundant power supply system with a load of 900 can be formed by opening and closing the first switch K21 and the second switch K22.

[0548] In some implementations, referring to Figure 9, the switch module 210 includes a third switch K11, which is connected to the first pole of the first main terminal 320 and the second pole of the second main terminal 420, for controlling the on / off state of the series circuit of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0549] The first pole of the first main terminal 320 and the second pole of the second main terminal 420 have different polarities.

[0550] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is controlled by the third switch K11, so as to facilitate the independent power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in the future.

[0551] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the first battery pack 300 provides a first voltage to the first output interface 710 through a first power supply circuit 240 and a second voltage to the second output interface 720 through a second power supply circuit 250.

[0552] In some examples, the first power supply circuit 240 may include a main positive relay K43 and a main negative relay K41. The controller controls the switching states of the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240.

[0553] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 is connected to the negative terminal 1004 of the first output terminal 710 via the first fuse F11. The first fuse F11 and the first battery pack 300 are connected in series to detect the current flowing through the first battery pack 300. If the current flowing through the first battery pack 300 exceeds a preset current threshold, the first fuse F11 can blow to protect the safety of the battery device 1100.

[0554] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first output terminal 710 via the second fuse F12. By connecting the second fuse F12 and the second battery pack 400 in series, the current flowing through the second battery pack 400 can be detected. If the current flowing through the second battery pack 400 exceeds a preset current threshold, the second fuse F12 can blow to protect the safety of the battery device 1100.

[0555] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the battery device 1100 also includes a pre-charging circuit 531 and a DC charging circuit 532. The DC charging circuit 532 is connected between the pre-charging circuit 531 and the input interface 800. The pre-charging circuit 531 is connected in parallel with the main positive relay K43. When the input interface 800 is connected to a DC charging pile, the charging pile can charge the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 through the DC charging circuit 532 and the pre-charging circuit 531.

[0556] In some examples, the pre-charge circuit 531 includes a pre-charge switch K42 and a pre-charge resistor R41, which are connected in series and then in parallel with the main positive relay K43.

[0557] In some examples, the DC charging circuit 532 includes a positive charging relay K51 and a negative charging relay K52. The positive terminal of the input interface 800 is connected to the main positive relay K43 via the positive charging relay K51, and the negative terminal of the input interface 800 is connected to the main negative relay K41 via the negative charging relay K52.

[0558] In some examples, the controller controls the switching states of the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to control the process of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 supplying power to the first output interface 710. The controller controls the switching states of the charging positive relay K51 and the charging negative relay K52 to control the charging process of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0559] Referring to Figure 9, assuming the output voltage of both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is 400V, in driving mode, if both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are normal, the third switch K11 can be turned on, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 can be turned off, the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 can be turned on, and the charging positive relay K51 and the charging negative relay K52 can be turned off. The voltage of the first output interface 710 is 800V, so that the drive system operates with 800V as the working voltage, which meets the needs of high-voltage application scenarios within 1000V of the vehicle.

[0560] In some examples, if the first battery pack 300 malfunctions while the second battery pack 400 functions normally, the third switch K11 and the first switch K21 are disconnected, and the second switch K22 is turned on. The second battery pack 400 then supplies 400V to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power to the drive load 900 within the vehicle 1000, meeting the normal operation requirements of the drive system within the vehicle 1000 and improving the power supply stability of the battery device 1100.

[0561] If the second battery pack 400 malfunctions while the first battery pack 300 functions normally, the first switch K21 is turned on, and the second switch K22 and the third switch K11 are turned off. The first battery pack 300 then supplies 400V to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power to the drive load 900 within the vehicle 1000, meeting the normal operation requirements of the drive system within the vehicle 1000 and improving the power supply stability of the battery device 1100.

[0562] In charging mode, the battery device 1100 is compatible with 400V and 800V charging piles for charging. If the input interface 800 is connected to a 400V charging pile, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 are turned on, the third switch K11 is turned off, the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51 and the negative charging relay K52 are closed, and the input interface 800 charges the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by providing a 400V charging voltage to them.

[0563] If the input interface 800 is connected to an 800V charging pile, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 are open, the third switch K11 is closed, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The input interface 800 charges the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by providing an 800V charging voltage to them in series.

[0564] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220, which is used to convert the voltage of the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage.

[0565] The voltage at the first main terminal 320 is the output voltage of the first battery pack 300. The voltage at the second main terminal 420 is the output voltage of the second battery pack 400.

[0566] The first voltage conversion module 220 is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 differs from the first voltage required by the first load 910, the first voltage conversion module 220 is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the first voltage of the first load 910, the first voltage conversion module 220 may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the first voltage of the first load 910, it may perform a step-up operation. The first voltage conversion module 220 can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.

[0567] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the first load 910 via a first voltage conversion module 220, which converts the voltage from the first main terminal 320 into a first voltage. The voltage from the first main terminal 320 is not directly supplied to the first load 910, but is converted by the intermediate first voltage conversion module 220 before being supplied to the first load 910. This ensures that regardless of the voltage at the first main terminal 320, the first voltage conversion module 220 can convert it to the first voltage required by the first load 910, enabling the first load 910 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery device 1100. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load 910 from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the lifespan of the first load 910. Thus, regardless of whether the first battery pack 300 outputs multiple voltages, the first battery pack 300 can serve as a backup power source for the second battery pack 400, thereby forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0568] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first load 910 via a first voltage conversion module 220, which converts the voltage from the second main terminal 420 into a first voltage. The voltage from the second main terminal 420 is not directly supplied to the first load 910, but is converted by the intermediate first voltage conversion module 220 before being supplied to the first load 910. This ensures that regardless of the voltage at the second main terminal 420, the first voltage conversion module 220 can convert it to the first voltage required by the first load 910, enabling the first load 910 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery device 1100. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load 910 from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the lifespan of the first load 910 and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the battery device 1100. Thus, regardless of the multiple voltages output by the second battery pack 400, the second battery pack 400 can serve as a backup power source for the first battery pack 300, thereby forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0569] In some examples, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220. The first voltage conversion module 220 is used to convert the voltage of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 into a first voltage. When the voltage of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is not the first voltage, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can both provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220, so that the first load 910 can work normally.

[0570] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, when the voltage of the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420 is not the first voltage, it can be converted into the first voltage required by the first load 910 by the first voltage conversion module 220, thus enabling the first load 910 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery device 1100. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load 910 from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the service life of the first load 910 and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the battery device 1100. Thus, regardless of the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 can serve as backup power sources for each other, thereby forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0571] In some embodiments, the first voltage conversion module 220 is a unidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0572] A unidirectional voltage conversion module can refer to a module that can only perform voltage conversion in one direction.

[0573] In some examples, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can boost the input voltage to a first voltage, or the unidirectional voltage conversion module can step down the input voltage to a first voltage.

[0574] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is lower than the first voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be boosted to the first voltage by a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 400.

[0575] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is higher than the first voltage, and the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be stepped down to the first voltage through a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 400.

[0576] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only perform unidirectional conversion, which can reduce the risk of reverse voltage flow and reduce damage to the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400, and the first load 910. For example, when the first battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only ensure that electrical energy flows stably from the first battery pack 300 to the first load 910, and will not allow electrical energy to flow back to the first battery pack 300, thus affecting the performance and lifespan of the first battery pack 300.

[0577] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, the first main terminal 320 is used to connect to the first load 910 and provide a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first battery pack 300; the second main terminal 420 provides the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0578] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can directly supply power to the first load 910 without going through the first voltage conversion module 220, and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910 after being boosted by the first voltage conversion module 220. In use, the first battery pack 300 can be used as the main power source, and the second battery pack 400 can be used as the backup power source. In the event of a problem with the main power source, the backup power source can be temporarily used to supply power to the first load 910, so that the first load 910 can continue to operate.

[0579] In some embodiments, the first voltage conversion module 220 is a bidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0580] Input interface 800 may refer to the charging interface on the housing 100.

[0581] The bidirectional voltage conversion module can convert the voltage output from the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 into the first voltage required by the first load 910. For example, when the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 does not match the operating voltage of the first load 910, the bidirectional voltage conversion module can perform a step-down or step-up operation to make the output voltage meet the requirements of the first load 910, so that the first load 910 can operate stably.

[0582] For example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is equal to the first voltage, and the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 is lower than the first voltage. The first battery pack 300 can directly provide the first voltage to the first load 910. The voltage output by the second battery pack 400 is boosted to the first voltage by the bidirectional voltage conversion module before being provided to the first load 910, thus forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0583] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the bidirectional voltage conversion module enables the battery device 1100 to achieve bidirectional flow of electrical energy. On the one hand, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910; on the other hand, the first load 910 can also charge the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 through the bidirectional voltage conversion module, thereby improving the flexibility and functionality of the battery device 1100.

[0584] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, the load 900 includes a second load 920, the output interface 700 includes a second output interface 720 for accessing the power supply circuit of the second load 920, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, and at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is capable of providing a second voltage to the second load 920, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0585] The second load 920 can refer to a load 900 whose supply voltage is the second voltage; the second voltage is less than or equal to 60V, and the second voltage can be any value above or below 60V; for example, the second voltage can be, but is not limited to, 1V, 5V, 10V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 30V, 45V, 48V, 50V, 55V, and 60V.

[0586] For example, the second load 920 is a 12V battery, and the second voltage is 12V.

[0587] For example, the second load 920 is a 48V battery, and the second voltage is 48V.

[0588] The power supply circuit of the second load 920 can refer to the power supply circuit of the second load 920. The second output interface 720 is connected to the power supply circuit of the second load 920, and the battery device 1100 can supply power to the second load 920.

[0589] The second output interface 720 may refer to the interface in the output interface 700 used for electrical connection with the second load 920. The second output interface 720 is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the second output interface 720 is connected to the power supply circuit of the second load 920, so that at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0590] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, enabling the first battery pack 300 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0591] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, enabling the second battery pack 400 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0592] In some examples, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the second output interface 720, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0593] In some examples, the second output interface 720 may include one or more connectors, and the number of second loads 920 may be one or more. Multiple second loads 920 may be electrically connected to the battery device 1100 via a single connector, or multiple second loads 920 may be electrically connected to the battery device 1100 via multiple connectors. The connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc.

[0594] In some cases, electrical devices (e.g., vehicle 1000) typically have a built-in circuit that uses battery device 1100 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920. However, this embodiment adds an additional circuit that uses first battery pack 300 and / or second battery pack 400 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920, forming two power supply circuits for the second load 920 and creating a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. In this way, if the original power supply circuit of the second load 920 is damaged, the first battery pack 300 and / or second battery pack 400 can supply power to the load 920, allowing the second load 920 to continue to operate stably.

[0595] In some embodiments, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, which is used to convert the voltage of the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage.

[0596] The second voltage conversion module 230 is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 differs from the second voltage required by the second load 920, the second voltage conversion module 230 is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the second voltage of the second load 920, the second voltage conversion module 230 may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the second voltage of the second load 920, it may perform a step-up operation. The second voltage conversion module 230 can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.

[0597] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the second load 920 via a second voltage conversion module 230, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal 320 into a second voltage. The second load 920 is not directly connected to the first main terminal 320, but is connected through the second voltage conversion module 230. When the voltage of the first main terminal 320 does not match the second voltage, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be converted by the second voltage conversion module 230 to match the operating voltage requirements of the second load 920, enabling the first battery pack 300 to supply power to the second load 920.

[0598] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second load 920 via a second voltage conversion module 230, which converts the voltage at the second main terminal 420 into a second voltage. The second load 920 is not directly connected to the second main terminal 420, but rather connected via the second voltage conversion module 230. When the voltage at the second main terminal 420 does not match the second voltage, the voltage output from the second battery pack 400 can be converted by the second voltage conversion module 230 to match the operating voltage requirements of the second load 920, enabling the second battery pack 400 to supply power to the second load 920.

[0599] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. The second voltage conversion module 230 is used to convert the voltages of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 into a second voltage, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the second load 920.

[0600] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second load 920, so that the second load 920 can work stably under its appropriate voltage.

[0601] In some embodiments, the second voltage conversion module 230 is a unidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0602] In some examples, a unidirectional voltage conversion module can boost the input voltage to a second voltage, or a unidirectional voltage conversion module can step down the input voltage to a second voltage.

[0603] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be boosted to the second voltage through a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 400.

[0604] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is higher than the second voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be stepped down to the second voltage through a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 400.

[0605] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only perform unidirectional conversion, which can reduce the risk of reverse voltage flow and reduce damage to the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400, and the second load 920. For example, when the first battery pack 300 supplies power to the second load 920, the unidirectional conversion module can only ensure that electrical energy flows stably from the first battery pack 300 to the second load 920, and will not allow electrical energy to flow back to the first battery pack 300, thus affecting the performance and lifespan of the first battery pack 300.

[0606] In some embodiments, the second voltage conversion module 230 is a bidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0607] The bidirectional voltage conversion module can convert the voltage output from the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage required by the second load 920. For example, when the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 does not match the operating voltage of the second load 920, the bidirectional voltage conversion module can perform a step-down or step-up operation to make the output voltage meet the requirements of the second load 920, thus enabling the second load 920 to operate stably. Simultaneously, the bidirectional voltage conversion module can also convert the voltage output from the second load 920 into a charging voltage suitable for the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400, thereby charging the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400.

[0608] For example, the second load 920 is a 12V / 48V battery. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 are higher than the second voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 are stepped down to the second voltage by a bidirectional voltage conversion module before being supplied to the second load 920, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. At the same time, the voltage output by the 12V / 48V battery is stepped up to the charging voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by the bidirectional voltage conversion module, thereby charging the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. In addition, in the vehicle 1000, the bidirectional voltage conversion module can use the battery voltage to charge the capacitors in the vehicle 1000, thereby saving the pre-charge circuit (pre-charge relay + pre-charge resistor + pre-charge return line harness).

[0609] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the bidirectional voltage conversion module enables the battery device 1100 to achieve bidirectional flow of electrical energy. On the one hand, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the second load 920; on the other hand, the second load 920 can also charge the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 through the bidirectional voltage conversion module, thereby improving the flexibility and functionality of the battery device 1100.

[0610] In some embodiments, referring to FIG9, the housing 100 further includes an input interface 800 for connecting to a charging circuit via a power grid; a first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the charging circuit via a switch module 210, which is configured to enable at least one of the following charging modes:

[0611] Charging Mode 1: Switches between charging state (1) and charging state (2); or

[0612] Charging mode 2: Switching between charging state (1) and charging state (3);

[0613] in,

[0614] Charging state (1): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to the charging circuit;

[0615] Charging state (2): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the second battery pack 400 or the first battery pack 300 to the charging circuit.

[0616] Charging state (3): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, connect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in parallel, and connect them to the charging circuit.

[0617] The input interface 800 is used for connecting to the power grid charging circuit. The battery device 1100 can be connected to the power grid through the input interface 800 to obtain electrical energy to charge the battery pack 1001.

[0618] The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the charging circuit via the switch module 210. The switch module 210 can control the on / off connection between the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 and the charging circuit, thereby controlling the connection mode of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to the charging circuit, thus meeting different charging needs and improving charging flexibility and efficiency.

[0619] Charging mode 1: Can switch between charging state (1) and charging state (2).

[0620] Charging state (1): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series in the charging circuit. During series charging, the total voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is equal to the sum of the voltages of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and the charging current is the same. This method is suitable for situations that require a higher charging voltage, which can effectively improve the charging speed. At the same time, it allows the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to receive the same amount of charging power, which is beneficial to balancing the charging state of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0621] Charging state (2): Disconnect the series connection between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and then connect the second battery pack 400 or the first battery pack 300 to the charging circuit. In this state, only one of the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 is charged. This is suitable for situations where a battery pack 1001 has low power and needs to be replenished separately, or where a single battery pack 1001 needs to be charged for maintenance. This reduces some problems that may be caused by charging the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 at the same time, such as uneven charging.

[0622] Charging mode 2: can switch between charging state (1) and charging state (3).

[0623] Charging state (3): Disconnect the series connection between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and connect them in parallel to the charging circuit. During parallel charging, the voltages of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are the same, and the charging current will be automatically distributed according to the internal resistance and other characteristics of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. This method is suitable for situations where the capacity of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is low, and it is desirable to charge the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 simultaneously with a lower charging voltage. This method can protect the battery pack 1001 to a certain extent and extend the life of the battery device 1100.

[0624] In some examples, referring to Figure 9, the charging state (1) is: K11 is closed, K21 is open, K22 is open, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to the charging circuit.

[0625] Charging state (2): K11 is open, K21 is closed, K22 is open, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the first battery pack 300 is connected to the charging circuit; or, K11 is open, K21 is open, K22 is closed, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the second battery pack 400 is connected to the charging circuit.

[0626] Charging state (3): K11 is open, K21 is closed, K22 is closed, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel and connected to the charging circuit.

[0627] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the switch module 210 can flexibly switch between two charging modes and three charging states, enabling the battery device 1100 to select the most suitable charging method according to factors such as the actual power status of the battery pack 1001, battery characteristics, and charging requirements, thereby improving charging efficiency, extending the service life of the battery pack 1001, and enhancing the adaptability of the battery device 1100 in different application scenarios.

[0628] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, a first battery pack 300 is used to connect to a first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910, and a second battery pack 400 is used to connect to a second load 920 to output a second voltage to the second load 920; the first battery pack 300 is connected to a second voltage conversion module 230 to output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230; the second battery pack 400 is connected to a first voltage conversion module 220 to output a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0629] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can independently output a first voltage to the first load 910 via the first power supply circuit 240, and the second battery pack 400 can independently output a second voltage to the second load 920 via the second power supply circuit 250. The first side of the second voltage conversion module 230 is connected to the first battery pack 300, and the second side of the second voltage conversion module 230 is connected to the second battery pack 400 and / or the second load 920. The second voltage conversion module 230 can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 into a second voltage and output it from its second side to the second battery pack 400 or the second load 920. The first side of the first voltage conversion module 220 is connected to the second battery pack 400 and / or the second load 920, and the second side of the first voltage conversion module 220 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and / or the first load 910. The first voltage conversion module 220 can convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage and output it to the first battery pack 300 or the first load 910 from its second side. In this way, if the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the second battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220. If the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the first battery pack 300 can provide the second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. This improves the power supply stability of the first load 910 and the second load 920, reduces the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 910 or the second load 920, and is beneficial to the stability of the internal electronic control system and drive system of the vehicle 1000.

[0630] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG12, the second voltage conversion module 230 includes a first voltage conversion device 231 and a second voltage conversion device 232; a first battery pack 300 and a second battery pack 400 are connected to a first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910; the first battery pack 300 is connected to the first voltage conversion device 231 to output a second voltage to the second load 920; the second battery pack 400 is connected to the second voltage conversion device 232 to output a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0631] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can independently output a first voltage and independently provide a first voltage to the first load 910. The second power supply circuit 250 includes a first voltage converter 231 and a second voltage converter 232. Both the first voltage converter 231 and the second voltage converter 232 can convert the input first voltage into a second voltage. Specifically, the first voltage converter 231 converts the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 into a second voltage and outputs it to the second load 920. The second voltage converter 232 is used to convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage and output it to the second load 920. In the event of an abnormality in either the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400, another normal battery pack 1001 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load 910 and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 910. On the other hand, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can respectively provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the first voltage conversion device 231 and the second voltage conversion device 232. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs 1001, the other normal battery pack 1001 can provide power to the second load 920 through the corresponding voltage conversion device, which can stabilize the power supply to the second load 920 and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load 920. Thus, it is determined that both the first load 910 and the second load 920 can have at least two power supply circuits to supply power to them, and at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power supply to the first load 910 and the second load 920 at the same time, which is beneficial to the stability of the internal electronic control system and drive system of the vehicle 1000.

[0632] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 are used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are connected to a second voltage conversion module 230 to output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0633] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. At the same time, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also provide two circuits to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920.

[0634] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the second power supply circuit 250 includes a second voltage conversion module 230. The first terminal of the main positive relay K43 and the first terminal of the main negative relay K41 are connected to the first side of the second voltage conversion module 230, and the second terminal of the main positive relay K43 and the second terminal of the main negative relay K41 are connected to the first output interface 710. The controller controls the second voltage conversion module 230 to convert the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive relay K43 and the first terminal of the main negative relay K41 into a second voltage and output it to the second output interface 720.

[0635] In this embodiment of the application, as shown in FIG10, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are arranged side by side in the housing 100, the switch module 210 is connected between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910, and the second voltage conversion module 230 is connected between the switch module 210 and the second load 920.

[0636] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG11, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A first main terminal 320 is used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The first main terminal 320 is connected to a second voltage conversion module 230 to output a second voltage to the second load 920. A second main terminal 420 is connected to a first voltage conversion module 220 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The second main terminal 420 is used to connect to the second load 920 to output a second voltage to the second load 920, wherein the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0637] The first battery pack 300 has a high voltage and a low voltage. The first battery pack 300 directly provides the first voltage to the first load 910. The first battery pack 300 can also provide the second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. The second battery pack 400 directly provides the second voltage to the second load 920. The second battery pack 400 can also provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0638] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. Simultaneously, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also provide two circuits to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. For example, the battery pack 1001 with the higher voltage can be used as a primary power source, while the battery pack 1001 with the lower voltage can be used as a backup power source.

[0639] In some embodiments, referring to FIG13, the switch module 210 includes a third switch K11, a switch K23, and a switch K24. The controller can control the third switch K11 to turn on, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series. The output voltage of the second battery pack 400 can be the same as or different from the output voltage of the first battery pack 300.

[0640] In some embodiments, referring to FIG13, the first voltage conversion module 220 and the second voltage conversion module 230 can also be integrated into a single voltage conversion module 270, which is a bidirectional voltage conversion module. The first battery pack 300 has a high voltage, and the second battery pack 400 has a low voltage. The first battery pack 300 can directly supply power to the first load 910. The first battery pack 300 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 after being stepped down by the voltage conversion module 270. The second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910 after being stepped up by the voltage conversion module 270. The second battery pack 400 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 after being stepped down by the voltage conversion module 270. The second battery pack 400 can also charge the first battery pack 300 after being stepped up by the voltage conversion module 270, and / or the first battery pack 300 can also charge the second battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion module 270. Of course, the first voltage conversion module 220 and the second voltage conversion module 230 can also be two separate modules.

[0641] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 directly provides a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0642] In some embodiments, referring to FIG13, by connecting the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series, and controlling switch K23 to be open, switch K24 to be open, and third switch K11 to be open, the series-connected first battery pack 300 and second battery pack 400 can provide voltage to the first output interface 710 and output it to the first load 910. Simultaneously, the second battery pack 400 provides a second voltage to the second output interface 720 via voltage conversion module 270. The controller also controls the voltage conversion module 270 to convert the voltage provided by the series-connected first battery pack 300 and second battery pack 400 into the second voltage and output it to the second output interface 720. If the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 is the second voltage, connecting the second battery pack 400 to the voltage conversion module 270 allows the second output interface 720 and the voltage conversion module 270 to share a common ground, reducing the safety hazards caused by the second battery pack 400 and the second output interface 720 not sharing a common ground, and improving the electrical safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0643] In some embodiments, the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 is a first voltage, and the output voltage of the second battery pack 400 is a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage. Referring to Figure 13, the voltage conversion module 270 can be a bidirectional voltage conversion module. The controller can realize the energy conversion between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by controlling the switching states of the third switches K11, K23, and K24. Alternatively, the second battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the voltage conversion module 270.

[0644] In this embodiment, the controller controls the third switch K11 and switch K24 to open and the switch K23 to open. If the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the controller can control switch K23 to open, and the controller can control the voltage conversion module 270 to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage, which is then output to the first output interface 710 via the first power supply circuit 240. If the charge of the first battery pack 300 is below a threshold charge level, the controller can control switch K23 to open and the third switches K11 and K24 to close, and the controller can control the voltage conversion module 270 to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage to charge the first battery pack 300, thereby replenishing the first battery pack 300 and improving the battery device 1100's range.

[0645] In some embodiments, referring to FIG9, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 are used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The second main terminal 420 is connected to a second voltage conversion module 230 to output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230.

[0646] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. At the same time, the second battery pack 400 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920.

[0647] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A first main terminal 320 is used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. A second main terminal 420 is used to connect to the second load 920 to output a second voltage to the second load 920. The second main terminal 420 is connected to a first voltage conversion module 220 to output a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0648] For example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is greater than the voltage output by the second battery 400. The first battery pack 300 directly provides the first voltage to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 can also provide power to the first load 910 after being boosted by the first voltage conversion module 220, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910; the second battery pack 400 directly provides the second voltage to the second load 920, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920.

[0649] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG14, the first voltage conversion module 220 and the second voltage conversion module 230 are integrated into a voltage conversion module 270. The voltage conversion module 270 can be a bidirectional voltage conversion module. The voltage of the first battery pack 300 is high, and the voltage of the second battery pack 400 is low. The first battery pack 300 provides a first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the first power supply circuit 240. The second battery pack 400 provides a second voltage to the second output interface 720 via the voltage conversion module 270 and also provides a first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the voltage conversion module 270. The first battery pack 300 provides a second voltage to the second output interface 720 via the voltage conversion module 270, thus forming dual redundancy between the first load 910 and the second load 920. The second battery pack 400 can also charge the first battery pack 300 after being boosted by the voltage conversion module 270, and / or the first battery pack 300 can also charge the second battery pack 300 via the voltage conversion module 270.

[0650] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 300 may also directly provide a second voltage to the second output interface 720.

[0651] In some embodiments, referring to FIG14, the switch module 210 includes a first switch K25 and a second switch K26. The first switch K25 is electrically connected between the positive terminal interface 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal interface 1003 of the first output interface 710. The second switch K26 is electrically connected between the voltage conversion module 270 and the positive terminal interface 1003 of the first output interface 710. The controller can control the first switch K25 and the second switch K26 to turn on, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively supply power to the first output interface 710.

[0652] In some embodiments, if the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the first switch K25 is disconnected and the second switch K26 is turned on. The second battery pack 400 can output a first voltage to the first load 910 via the voltage conversion module 270, and can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 via the voltage conversion module 270. In this way, the smaller capacity second battery pack 400 can be used to power the first load 910 to maintain the continued operation of the electrical device.

[0653] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are connected through the first voltage conversion module 220, and the second battery pack 400 is also used to supply power to the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0654] The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are connected via the first voltage conversion module 220. The second battery pack 400 also supplies power to the first battery pack 300 via the first voltage conversion module 220, allowing the second battery pack 400 to replenish the energy of the first battery pack 300, enabling the first battery pack 300 to operate for a longer period of time. This helps extend the overall lifespan of the battery device 1100, thereby improving its driving range. Additionally, the second battery pack 400 can output a first voltage after conversion via the first voltage conversion module 220, for example, to power a motor, further enhancing the driving range of the battery device 1100.

[0655] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, the first battery pack 300 is also used to charge the second battery pack 400 via the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0656] The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can also be converted by the first voltage conversion module 220 to charge the second battery pack 400, thus enabling mutual charging between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0657] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, the battery device 1100 further includes a first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 connected via a switch module 210, which controls the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series.

[0658] The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected in series can provide a higher voltage to the load 900.

[0659] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 13 and 14, the first voltage conversion module 220 includes a first voltage conversion element; the first voltage conversion element is connected to a first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 respectively; the first battery pack 300 charges the second battery pack 400 through the first voltage conversion element, or the second battery pack 400 charges the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion element.

[0660] The first voltage converter is a voltage conversion component that can convert the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 into the charging voltage of the second battery pack 400, thereby enabling the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400; or, the first voltage converter can convert the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 into the charging voltage of the first battery pack 300, thereby enabling the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300.

[0661] The first voltage converter enables the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400, or vice versa.

[0662] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 13 and 14, the battery device 1100 further includes a controller, which is further configured to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220 in a first preset state; wherein the first preset state includes at least one of the following states: (1) when the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is lower than a power threshold; (2) when the remaining power of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than a first threshold; (3) when the voltage of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than a second threshold.

[0663] For example, the controller may be a Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS performs at least one of the following functions on the battery device 1100: state monitoring, state analysis, charge / discharge control, safety protection, thermal management, high-voltage power distribution, and information management. In addition, the BMS may also be configured to implement at least some of the functions of the controller 1200 in the electrical device, such as implementing some functions of the vehicle control unit (VCU) or the motor control unit (MCU), and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0664] It should be noted that the physical device of the battery management system in this application can be integrated into the battery device 1100, such as into the battery pack; it can also be integrated into the power consumption device, such as into the vehicle 1000 or the chassis of the vehicle 1000; or it can be integrated into the charging device, such as into the charging device or the battery swapping device.

[0665] The battery management system in this application can also be deployed as control software on a server. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, knowledge computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms, such as vehicle networking cloud, APP backend, etc.

[0666] When the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is lower than a set charge threshold, the first preset state is met. The charge threshold is a preset value used to measure whether the charge of the first battery pack 300 is too low. For example, when the charge threshold is set to 20%, once the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 drops below 20%, the controller will consider the first preset state met and trigger the corresponding charging operation.

[0667] In the first battery pack 300, if the remaining charge of any single first battery cell 310 is less than a first threshold, it is considered to be in the first preset state. This is because even if the charge of the entire battery pack 1001 may not have reached a very low level, the excessively low charge of individual first battery cells 310 may affect the performance and lifespan of the entire battery pack 1001. For example, if the first threshold is set to 15%, if the remaining charge of any first battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 300 drops below 15%, charging of the first battery pack 300 will be triggered.

[0668] When the voltage of any first battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second threshold, the first preset state is also satisfied. The voltage of the first battery cell 310 is an important indicator reflecting its charging status and performance. Too low a voltage may mean that the first battery cell 310 has a problem or insufficient power. For example, if the second threshold is set to 3.0V, when the voltage of a first battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than 3.0V, the controller will start the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300.

[0669] In the first preset state, the controller controls the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220. This indicates that the controller has the ability to control energy transfer between battery packs 1001. The first voltage conversion module 220 can convert the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 into a voltage suitable for charging the first battery pack 300, making the charging process safe and efficient. In this way, energy allocation between battery packs 1001 within the battery device 1100 is realized. When the first battery pack 300 is low on power or the first battery cell 310 is in an abnormal state, the power of the second battery pack 400 is used to supplement it, improving the reliability and stability of the entire battery device 1100 and making better use of battery resources.

[0670] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 13 and 14, the load 900 includes a first load 910, and the battery device 1100 further includes a controller. The controller is also configured to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220 and control the first battery pack 300 to provide a first voltage to the first load 910 in a second preset state. The second preset state includes the first battery pack 300 outputting a first voltage to the first load 910, and at least one of the following states: (1) when the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is less than 30%; (2) when the remaining charge of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is less than a first threshold; (3) when the voltage of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is less than a second threshold.

[0671] When the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is below 30%, the second preset state is met. This is based on the overall power level. When the charge of the first battery pack 300 drops to a certain level, it may affect the continuous and stable power supply of the first load 910. At this time, it is necessary to start charging the first battery pack 300 to reduce the impact on the first load 910.

[0672] If any single battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 300 has a remaining charge less than the first threshold, it also falls under the second preset state. This is because even if the overall charge of the first battery pack 300 is not too low, the low charge of individual battery cells 310 may cause problems such as performance degradation or shortened lifespan of the entire battery pack 1001. Therefore, it is necessary to start charging the first battery pack 300 to reduce the impact on the first battery pack 300.

[0673] When the voltage of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second threshold, the second preset state is also satisfied. The voltage of the first battery cell 310 is a key indicator reflecting its charging status and performance. If the voltage is too low, it may indicate that the first battery cell 310 is faulty or has a serious lack of power. Therefore, it is necessary to start charging the first battery pack 300 to reduce the impact on the first battery pack 300.

[0674] In the second preset state, the controller will perform the following two important control operations:

[0675] The second battery pack 400 charges the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220. When the first battery pack 300 experiences abnormal power or voltage, it is replenished by the power of the second battery pack 400 to maintain the power level and performance of the first battery pack 300, ensuring a continuous and stable power supply to the first load 910. The first voltage conversion module 220 plays a crucial role in this process, converting the voltage output from the second battery pack 400 into a voltage suitable for charging the first battery pack 300, thus improving the safety and efficiency of the charging process.

[0676] The first battery pack 300 continues to provide the first voltage to the first load 910. Even if the first battery pack 300 experiences some issues with its charge or voltage, it can still supply power to the first load 910 normally. In this way, the first battery pack 300 can be replenished and its performance maintained without affecting the normal operation of the first load 910, thus improving the reliability and stability of the entire battery device 1100.

[0677] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell; the battery device 1100 includes a thermal management component 70 and a controller, the thermal management component 70 being used to regulate the temperature of the first battery pack 300; the controller being used to control the thermal management component 70 to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 to be greater than 40°C when the first battery pack 300 is in a charging state; the load 900 includes a first load 910, and the battery device 1100 is used to connect to the first load 910; the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected, and the second battery pack 400 is used to output a first voltage to the first load 910.

[0678] The battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 is greater than 40°C; for example, it can be any of the above-mentioned values ​​or within any range of two of them, such as 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C, 46°C, 47°C, 48°C, 49°C, 50°C, 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C, 55°C, 56°C, 57°C, 58°C, 59°C, 60°C, 61°C, 62°C, 63°C, 64°C, 65°C, 66°C, 67°C, 68°C, 69°C, 70°C.

[0679] Because the second battery pack 400 uses at least one negative electrode-free battery cell, and the negative electrode-free battery cell has a high energy density, the second battery pack 400 can store more electrical energy within the same volume or weight. This allows the second battery pack 400 to continuously supply power to the first load 910 for a longer period of time, or, within the same power supply time, a smaller and lighter battery pack 1001 can be used, thereby improving the portability and space utilization of the entire battery device 1100. Furthermore, when the first battery pack 300 is in charging mode, the controller controls the thermal management component 70 to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 to above 40°C. At this temperature, the chemical reaction inside the negative electrode-free battery cell can be more complete and efficient, helping to leverage its high energy density and improve the battery's charging and discharging efficiency.

[0680] In some embodiments, the battery device 1100 further includes a controller, the second battery pack 400 includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell; the second main terminal 420 is connected to the first voltage conversion module 220; the controller is used to control the first voltage conversion module 220 to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate when the battery device 1100 is in a charging state, the first rate being ≤1C.

[0681] For example, the first multiplier can be 1C or any value less than 1C, for example, 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 0.8C, 1C.

[0682] In the second battery pack 400, at least one second battery cell 410 is a negative electrode-free battery cell. The charging voltage is adjusted and converted by the first voltage conversion module 220 to meet the charging requirements of the second battery pack 400. When the battery device 1100 is in charging mode, the controller controls the first voltage conversion module 220 to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate ≤ 1C. "C" represents the charge / discharge rate of the battery; 1C represents the current required to fully charge or discharge the battery in one hour. During charging, the internal chemical reactions of a negative electrode battery cell are relatively complex. Limiting the charging rate to ≤ 1C allows for a more gentle and uniform chemical reaction within the negative electrode-free battery cell, reducing polarization and side reactions of the electrode materials, thereby extending the battery's cycle life. Low-rate charging helps reduce heat generation in the battery device 1100 during charging, reducing safety risks such as thermal runaway.

[0683] By limiting the charging rate, the stability and safety of the battery device 1100 during the charging process can be better guaranteed.

[0684] In some embodiments, referring to FIG15, the capacity of the second battery pack 400 can be set to be smaller and occupy a smaller space within the housing 100, serving as a backup power source. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 can temporarily supply power to the first load 910, allowing the electrical device to continue operating. The smaller space occupied by the second battery pack 400 within the housing 100 allows the first battery pack 300 to have sufficient capacity to meet the normal use of the electrical device. In addition, the smaller space occupied by the second battery pack 400 within the housing 100 and the arrangement of the second battery pack 400 between the first battery pack 300 and the switch module 210 make the second battery pack 400 less susceptible to collision damage, enabling the second battery pack 400 to stably supply power to the first load 910 and the second load 920, thereby allowing the vehicle 1000 to travel a certain distance after a collision.

[0685] In some embodiments, referring to FIG16, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are used to provide a first voltage to the first load 910 respectively; some battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 and some battery cells 1002 in the second battery pack 400 are connected to the second voltage conversion module 230, and are used to provide a second voltage to the second load 920 respectively through the second voltage conversion module 230.

[0686] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 includes a plurality of first battery cells 310, and the second battery pack 400 includes a plurality of second battery cells 410. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can each independently output a first voltage to a first load 910 via a first power supply circuit 240. Some battery cells 1002 within the first battery pack 300 can independently output a second voltage to a second load 920 via a second voltage conversion module 230. Similarly, some battery cells 1002 within the second battery pack 400 can independently output a second voltage to a second load 920 via a second voltage conversion module 230. The voltage is supplied to the second load 920. In the event of an anomaly in the first battery pack 300, either some normal battery cells 1002 within the first battery pack 300 or some normal battery cells 1002 within the second battery pack 400 can be selected to provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the second voltage conversion module 230. This provides multiple redundant power supplies to the first load 910 and the second load 920, reducing the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load 910 or the second load 920, and contributing to the stability of the vehicle 1000's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0687] In some embodiments, referring to FIG16, the first battery pack 300 is used to provide a first voltage to the first load 910; the second battery pack 400 or a portion of the battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 are connected to the second voltage conversion module 230, and are used to provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the second voltage conversion module 230.

[0688] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can independently output a first voltage to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 or some battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 can independently output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 or some normal battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 can be selected to provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, thereby providing a multi-redundant power supply for the second load 920.

[0689] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG17, the battery device 1100 includes a first battery pack 300, a second battery pack 400, and a third battery pack 500. The third battery pack 500 is connected to a main positive relay K43 and a main negative relay K41 via a fourth voltage conversion module 280. The controller can control the fourth voltage conversion module 280 to convert the voltage provided by the third battery pack 500 into a first voltage, and output it to the first output interface 710 via the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to supply power to the first load 910.

[0690] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected in series through the third switch K11. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also be connected in parallel through the first switch K21 and the second switch K22. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected in parallel can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage through the second voltage converter 232 and output it to the second output interface 720 to supply power to the second load 920. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, after being connected in parallel, can also convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage through the first voltage converter 231 and output it to the second output interface 720 to power the second load 920. The third battery pack 500 can directly provide the second voltage to the second output interface 720. In the event of any abnormality in any of the battery packs 1001 or the fourth voltage converter 280, another battery pack 1001 can be selected to output the first voltage to the first output interface 710 through the corresponding power supply circuit to power the first load 910. In addition, another battery pack 1001 can be selected to output the second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the corresponding power supply circuit to power the second load 920, so as to avoid the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 910 and the second load 920. Thus, it is determined that the first load 910 and the second load 920 can both have at least two power supply circuits to power them, which is beneficial to the stability of the internal electronic control system and drive system of the vehicle 1000.

[0691] In some embodiments, the working principle of the battery device 1100 in FIG12 is explained with the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 being 400V. The controller can turn on the third switch K11 and turn off the first switch K21 and the second switch K22. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series. The battery pack 1001 connected in series can output a second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the fourth voltage conversion module 280. It can also output an 800V power supply voltage to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to supply power to the first load 910. If any one of the first battery pack 300, the first voltage converter 231, the third battery pack 500, and the fourth voltage conversion module 280 malfunctions, or if all of them malfunction simultaneously, the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the second voltage converter 232 to power the second load 920. Furthermore, when the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the controller can control the first switch K21 to be turned on and the third switch K11 and the second switch K22 to be turned off. The first battery pack 300 will then output a 400V power supply voltage to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to power the first load 910, ensuring the power supply stability of the vehicle 1000 during driving, realizing seamless power supply switching, and improving the safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0692] In some embodiments, referring to FIG18, the battery device 1100 includes a fourth battery pack 600, a first battery pack 300, and a second battery pack 400. The positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first sub-port 7101 via a first switch K21, and the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 is connected to the negative terminal 1004 of the first sub-port 7101 via a first fuse F11. The positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first sub-port 7101 via a second fuse F12, and the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the negative terminal 1004 of the first sub-port 7101 via a second switch K22. Furthermore, the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 via a third switch K11. The positive terminal 1003 of the fourth battery pack 600 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the second sub-port 7102 via the main positive relay K45. The negative terminal 1004 of the fourth battery pack 600 is connected to the negative terminal 1004 of the second sub-port 7102 via the main negative relay K44. The precharge switch K46 and the precharge resistor R42 are connected in series and then in parallel with the main positive relay K45.

[0693] In this embodiment, the switch module 210 includes a switch K4. The positive terminal 1003 of the fourth battery pack 600 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 via the switch K4. The fourth battery pack 600 can provide a first voltage to the second sub-port 7102 to power the first load 910 connected to the second sub-port 7102. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first sub-port 7101 to power the first load 910 connected to the first sub-port 7101. The battery device 1100 can be provided with multiple first output ports, including a second sub-port 7102 and a first sub-port 7101. The second sub-port 7102 and the first sub-port 7101 can supply power to the front-wheel drive system and the rear-wheel drive system of the vehicle 1000, respectively. When one drive system experiences a power supply abnormality, the other drive system can take over the power of the vehicle 1000, achieving a seamless switching between the vehicle 1000's power supply and electronic control power supply, thereby improving the safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0694] In some embodiments, the working principle of the battery device 1100 in FIG13 is explained with the output voltage of the fourth battery pack 600, the first battery pack 300, and the second battery pack 400 being 400V. When the vehicle 1000 is in driving mode, the first switch K21, the switch K4, and the second switch K22 are turned off, the third switch K11 is turned on, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series, thereby providing a voltage of 800V to the first sub-port 7101 to provide a power supply voltage of 800V to the first load 910 connected to the first sub-port 7101, so that the drive system operates with 800V as the working voltage, meeting the needs of high-voltage application scenarios in the vehicle 1000.

[0695] If any one of the fourth battery pack 600, the first battery pack 300, or the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the control switch module 210 will bypass the malfunctioning battery pack 1001, and the normal battery pack 1001 will supply 400V to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240. For example, if the fourth battery pack 600 malfunctions, the control main positive relay K45, the precharge relay K46, and the switch K4 will be turned off, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 will supply 400V to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240. The 400V power supply enables the drive system to operate at 400V. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, the second switch K22 and the third switch K11 are turned off, and the first battery pack 300 supplies 400V to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power to the drive load 900 within the vehicle 1000, meeting the normal operation requirements of the drive system within the vehicle 1000 and improving the power supply stability of the battery device 1100.

[0696] In charging mode, the controller can control the third switch K11, the second switch K22, and the first switch K21 to make the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 compatible with both 400V and 800V charging piles. When the output voltage of the charging pile is 400V, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel. When the output voltage of the charging pile is 800V, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series.

[0697] In charging mode, the battery device 1100 is compatible with 400V and 800V charging piles for charging. If the input interface 800 is connected to a 400V charging pile, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 are turned on, the third switch K11 is turned off, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The input interface 800 charges the fourth battery pack 600, the first battery pack 300, and the second battery pack 400 by providing a 400V charging voltage to them.

[0698] If the input interface 800 is connected to an 800V charging pile, the first switch K21, the second switch K22, and the switch K4 are open, the third switch K11 is closed, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The input interface 800 provides an 800V charging voltage to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected in series, thereby charging the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0699] The application of the battery system in this embodiment is illustrated in Figure 1. The vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery device is installed inside the vehicle, and the battery device can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. The battery device can be used to power the vehicle; for example, the battery device can serve as the vehicle's operating power source. The vehicle may also include a controller and a motor. The controller is used to control the battery device to supply power to the motor, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0700] In some embodiments of this application, the battery device can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

[0701] As shown in Figure 2, the battery device mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack may include multiple individual battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0702] In some embodiments, the battery pack is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0703] As an example, a battery pack can be a battery module, which consists of multiple battery cells arranged and fixed together to form an independent module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.

[0704] In some embodiments, the battery device further includes a housing in which the battery pack is housed.

[0705] As an example, the battery pack can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0706] As an example, battery packs can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple individual battery cells to the housing.

[0707] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure. The first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0708] As an example, the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, creating an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack.

[0709] In some embodiments, the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.

[0710] In some embodiments, the battery device refers to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0711] In some embodiments, the battery cell can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0712] Referring to Figures 19 to 21, in some embodiments, the housing is provided with a battery cavity, which includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. A first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, and a second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure can block at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

[0713] The enclosure contains battery chambers and partition structures. The battery chambers house individual battery cells. The partition structures are structures that divide the internal space of the enclosure; for example, they may include partition beams, partition plates, baffles, or barrier mesh. The partition structures divide the battery chambers, creating at least one first battery chamber and one second battery chamber. The first and second battery chambers can be arranged in various ways; for example, they can be arranged along the width of the enclosure.

[0714] In some examples, the first battery pack includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs, and the second battery pack includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs. The first battery pack and the second battery pack may comprise different battery packs. The first battery cell may refer to a battery cell within the first battery pack, and the second battery cell may refer to a battery cell within the second battery pack.

[0715] Multiple individual battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. This method combines multiple smaller individual battery cells into a battery pack with specific performance characteristics, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery device.

[0716] Multiple second battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. This method combines multiple smaller second battery cells into a second battery pack with specific performance characteristics, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery device.

[0717] In some examples, the first and second battery cells may be of the same type or different types.

[0718] As an example, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can also be connected to form a battery module, with some battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack, and other battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack.

[0719] When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure substances inside the cell are released as emissions. This allows for pressure relief within the cell under controlled conditions, preventing potentially more serious accidents. Emissions from the battery cell mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or broken positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of separators, high-temperature, high-pressure gases generated during the reaction, flames, etc.

[0720] The separator structure may include fully sealed and / or semi-sealed components, such that the separator structure can block at least a portion of the emissions emitted after thermal runaway of a single battery cell. For example, the separator structure can at least block particles, including dissolved or fragmented positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the separator, etc.; for example, the separator structure can also be configured to block both particles and gases.

[0721] The separation structure is located between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. If the first battery cell in the first battery cavity experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the separation structure can prevent the emissions from flowing into the second battery cavity. Similarly, if the second battery cell in the second battery cavity experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the separation structure can also prevent the emissions from flowing into the first battery cavity.

[0722] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, and the second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure capable of blocking at least part of the emissions is provided between the first and second battery cavities. Thus, in the event of thermal runaway in either the first or second battery pack, the partition structure can prevent emissions from flowing to the other battery pack, allowing the other battery pack to operate normally and provide power to the electrical device, thereby improving the operational reliability of the battery device. Simultaneously, because a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity containing the first battery cell and the second battery cavity containing the second battery cell, the risk of thermal runaway of the entire battery device caused by thermal runaway of a single battery cell can be effectively reduced, thus reducing the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0723] In some embodiments, the partition structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

[0724] If the separation structure can seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, then the separation structure can completely block the emissions, including particles and gases, generated after the thermal runaway of ...

Claims

1. A battery system comprising a first battery pack and a second battery pack, the first battery pack comprising a plurality of first battery cells, the second battery pack comprising a plurality of second battery cells, the first battery cells and the second battery cells having different chemical systems, and under the same charge and discharge conditions, the cycle life of the first battery cells being greater than the cycle life of the second battery cells; the first battery pack and the second battery pack being electrically connected via a voltage conversion circuit, the second battery pack being able to charge the first battery pack via the voltage conversion circuit.

2. The battery system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first battery pack is also used to charge the second battery pack via the voltage conversion circuit.

3. The battery system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

4. The battery system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively; The first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.

5. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: The controller is further configured to, in a first preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit; The first preset state includes at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold; (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

6. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and control the first battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load; The second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than 30%; (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

7. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first battery pack and the second battery pack can independently provide voltage to the load.

8. The battery system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The first battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load; The second battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load.

9. The battery system as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for outputting a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

10. The battery system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; The second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

11. The battery system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

12. The battery system as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes; A first switch, connected to the first battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit; The second switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

13. The battery system as claimed in claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

14. The battery system as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes: The third switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

15. The battery system according to any one of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.

16. The battery system as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch; The fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series. The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.

17. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The cycle life of the first battery cell and the cycle life of the second battery cell are greater than or equal to 1.2; optionally, they are 2 to 50.

18. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, The first battery cell is charged and discharged at 25°C and at a 1C rate until 70% SOH, and the number of cycles of the first battery cell is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles.

19. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, The first battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, and nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium-ion battery cell. The positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.

20. The battery system according to claim 19, characterized in that, The charge / discharge range of the nickel-cobalt-manganese lithium oxide battery is 3% SOC to 97% SOC; and / or The charge / discharge range of at least one of the lithium iron phosphate battery cells and lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cells is 3% SOC to 100% SOC; and / or The charge / discharge range of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell is 3% SOC to 97% SOC.

21. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, The first battery cell must satisfy at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material of the first battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate and / or lithium manganese iron phosphate, and the content of free electrolyte in the first battery cell is 2.0 g / Ah to 4 g / Ah, optionally 2.4 g / Ah to 3.1 g / Ah; (2) The positive electrode active material of the first battery cell includes at least one of lithium-containing transition metal oxide and lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate, and the content of free electrolyte in the first battery cell is 1.5g / Ah to 3.8g / Ah, optionally 2.0g / Ah to 3.0g / Ah.

22. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, The negative electrode active material in the first battery cell contains amorphous carbon-coated artificial graphite. Optionally, the thickness of the amorphous carbon coating layer is in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm.

23. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The positive electrode in the first battery cell contains a lithium replenishing agent and meets at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The lithium replenishing agent accounts for 0.5% to 5% of the mass of the active material layer of the positive electrode; optionally, it accounts for 1% to 3%. (2) The lithium replenishing agent includes a sacrificial lithium replenishing agent, which includes one or more of Li2O2, Li2O, LiN3, Li2C2O4, and Li2C4O4; (3) The lithium replenishing agent includes a non-sacrificial lithium replenishing agent, which includes a lithium replenishing agent with the chemical formula Li. a MnO y The materials are given, where 2≤a≤8 and 2≤y≤4; Optionally, the non-sacrificial lithium replenisher includes one or more of Li2AO2, Li2BO3, Li3DO4, Li5EO4, and Li6FO4; wherein A includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, Cu, Mo, and Nb; B includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, Mo, Ru, and Cr; C includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, V, Nb, Cr, and Mo; D includes one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sn, Cr, V, and Mo; E includes one or more of Ni, Co, Mn, Sn, Cr, and Mo; and F includes one or more of Ni, Mn, Sn, Cr, and Mo.

24. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that, The surface of the negative electrode in the first battery cell is provided with a lithium metal layer consisting of layered or multiple strip-shaped regions; optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 0.2 μm to 20 μm.

25. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, and at least one of the following conditions is met: (1) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (2) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh; (3) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

26. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that, The volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is less than or equal to 5. Optionally, the volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is less than or equal to 2. Optionally, the volume ratio of the first battery pack to the second battery pack is less than or equal to 1.

5. Further optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is in the range of 0.1 to 2.

27. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that, The second battery cell includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell, with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Optionally, the sodium-ion battery cell includes at least one of the following: sodium-ion anode-free battery cell and sodium metal battery cell; or, the second battery cell includes a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Optionally, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell may also include silicon-based materials; Optionally, the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Optionally, at least one of the second battery cells is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode.

28. The battery system according to claim 27, characterized in that, The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell ranges from 450 to 700 Wh / L. (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 600 to 1000 Wh / L. (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 650 to 2000 Wh / L.

29. The battery system according to any one of claims 27-28, characterized in that, When the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a rigid prismatic battery cell, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 30Ah to 200Ah. (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 50Ah to 250Ah. (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 50Ah to 300Ah.

30. The battery system according to any one of claims 27-28, characterized in that, When the casing of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is an aluminum-plastic film casing, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is between 10Ah and 80Ah.

31. The battery system according to any one of claims 27-28, characterized in that, When the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is between 15Ah and 50Ah.

32. The battery system according to any one of claims 27 to 31, characterized in that, One or more buffer pads are provided on the large surface between the casing and the electrode assembly of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell.

33. The battery system according to claim 32, characterized in that, The cushioning pad includes an elastic cushioning pad; and / or The thickness of the buffer pad is 0.1 to 10 mm, and optionally 0.5 to 5 mm.

34. The battery system according to any one of claims 27 to 33, characterized in that, The negative electrode of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil; (2) The thickness of the current collector ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm; (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm; (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa to 1600MPa; (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm to 30μm, or optionally 5μm to 25μm.

35. The battery system according to any one of claims 27 to 34, characterized in that, The positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 0.2–0.4 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 ; (2) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the coating weight of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell on one side is 0.25-0.4g / 1540.25mm. 2 ; (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 0.3-0.4 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 .

36. The battery system according to any one of claims 27 to 35, characterized in that, The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell contains a liquid electrolyte. The liquid electrolyte contains an ether solvent, optionally including at least one selected from 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether; and / or, The liquid electrolyte contains a lithium salt, which includes at least one of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and lithium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide.

37. The battery system according to any one of claims 27 to 36, characterized in that, The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of more than 100 cycles. (2) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 50%, and the cycle life is more than 200 cycles. (3) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and the cycle life is more than 400 cycles.

38. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than that of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC; and / or, The second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2C at 25°C, where 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than or equal to 2C. Optionally, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or higher at 10% SOC to 80% SOC. More preferably, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or higher at 10% SOC to 80% SOC.

39. The battery system according to claim 38, characterized in that, The negative electrode of the second battery cell includes graphite and optionally silicon-based materials, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell is 30 μm to 60 μm; and / or, The conductivity of the electrolyte in the second battery cell is ≥9mS / cm, optionally ≥11mS / cm, and further optionally ≥13mS / cm.

40. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is not lower than 250°C; (2) The overcharge boundary of the second battery cell is not lower than 140% SOC; (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of a sodium-ion battery cell, a lithium iron phosphate battery cell, or a lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell; optionally, the sodium-ion battery cell includes at least one of a sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell and a sodium metal battery cell; or / and, The second battery cell includes at least one of solid-state battery cells and semi-solid-state battery cells.

41. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the ambient temperature is -10℃, the charging time of the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes; (2) When the ambient temperature is -20℃, the second battery cell retains more than 80% of its capacity when charged / discharged at 0.33C; (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell. The positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Optionally, the sodium-ion battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell and sodium metal battery cell.

42. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) At 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower limit cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 30s, optionally greater than or equal to 60s, and further optionally greater than or equal to 100s. (2) When the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance DCR of the second battery cell is <0.4mΩ, and optionally <0.3mΩ; (3) The power density of the second battery cell is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally 600W / kg to 5000W / kg.

43. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the second battery cell is charged and discharged at 1C / 1C to 70% SOH, the number of cycles is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles. (2) After being stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95%; and / or, after being stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98%.

44. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 43, characterized in that, The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; The battery system also includes: A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the first battery pack; The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state. The battery system is used to connect to the first load; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected, and the second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load; Optionally, the controller is configured to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the first battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be between 50°C and 65°C.

45. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 43, characterized in that, The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; The battery system also includes: A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state.

46. ​​The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 45, characterized in that: The battery system includes a housing, and the housing has a battery cavity, which includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. The first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, the second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity, and a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure is capable of blocking at least part of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

47. The battery system according to claim 46, characterized in that: The separation structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

48. The battery system according to claim 46 or 47, characterized in that, The box includes a tray and a cover, the cover being disposed opposite to the tray along a first direction, and the cover covering the tray; The partition structure divides the housing into a first battery compartment and a second battery compartment, and the partition structure is connected to the cover and the tray on opposite sides along the first direction, respectively.

49. The battery system according to claim 48, characterized in that, The cover seals the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure further includes a sealing element, and the sealing element is provided between the partition structure and the cover; and / or between the partition structure and the tray.

50. The battery system according to any one of claims 46 to 49, characterized in that, The enclosure has an output interface, which is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the load; In the first battery pack, multiple first battery cells are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal; in the second battery pack, multiple second battery cells are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal. The enclosure also includes an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components. At least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the first main terminal and the output interface, and at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the second main terminal and the output interface. The output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity.

51. The battery system according to claim 50, characterized in that, The load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface through a first voltage conversion module to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage range being greater than or equal to 150V; and / or The load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface through a second voltage conversion module to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

52. The battery system according to claim 50 or 51, characterized in that, The housing is provided with an electrical cavity partition, which is used to seal and isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity; The electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole. The battery system also includes an adapter, which is sealed through the mounting hole. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to an electrical component inside the electrical cavity.

53. The battery system according to any one of claims 46 to 52, characterized in that, The housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, and the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber. The pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber. The first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway. The second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway.

54. The battery system according to any one of claims 46 to 53, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism. The first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism.

55. The battery system according to any one of claims 46 to 54, characterized in that, The battery system further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.

56. The battery system according to claim 53, characterized in that, The thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component. The first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack, and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack.

57. The battery system according to claim 56, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component.

60. The battery system according to any one of claims 46 to 59, characterized in that, The number of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity includes one or more of the following: (1) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the length of the housing; (2) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing; (3) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the height direction of the housing; (4) One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing; (5) A plurality of first battery cavities and a plurality of second battery cavities are arranged alternately.

61. The battery system according to any one of claims 46 to 60, characterized in that, Within the first battery cavity, a plurality of the first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing; Within the second battery cavity, a plurality of the first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing.

62. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, It includes a first load and a second load; and the battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 61.

63. The electrical appliance according to claim 62, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

64. The electrical appliance according to claim 62, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

65. The electrical appliance according to claim 62 or 63, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system, which is used for vehicle body control.

66. The electrical appliance according to claim 62, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC). The battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

67. The electrical appliance according to claim 62, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

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