Battery system

Abstract

A battery system, the battery system comprising a first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein the first battery pack comprises a plurality of first battery cells, and the second battery pack comprises a plurality of second battery cells; chemical systems of the first battery cells and the second battery cells are different, and an equivalent charging rate of the first battery cells within 10% SOC-80% SOC is greater than an equivalent charging rate of the second battery cells within 10% SOC-80% SOC; the first battery pack and the second battery pack can independently provide a voltage to a load. The battery system achieves quick charging for the battery cells, and also enables any one of the battery packs to provide redundancy for the other battery pack, thereby maximizing performance advantages of power supply devices in various scenarios.

Description

Battery System Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery system. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries, users often switch between multiple application scenarios when using the same power supply device, thus requiring the battery to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics. However, for battery cells with a single chemical system, multiple performance indicators often exhibit a trade-off, meaning that it is difficult for a single battery cell with the same system to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics, let alone optimize multiple performance characteristics at the same time.

[0003] Therefore, researchers have been constantly exploring how to enable batteries to charge quickly while also alleviating users' range anxiety, achieving long battery life, and maximizing the performance advantages of power supply devices in various scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a battery system that aims to enable the battery to charge quickly while also alleviating users' range anxiety, achieving long battery life, and maximizing the performance advantages of the power supply device in multiple scenarios.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery system including a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a plurality of first battery cells, and the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells. The first battery cells and the second battery cells have different chemical systems, and the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cells in the range of 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than that of the second battery cells in the range of 10% SOC to 80% SOC. The first battery pack and the second battery pack can independently provide voltage to a load.

[0006] The battery system provided in this application embodiment has a different chemical system between the first battery cell in the first battery pack and the second battery cell in the second battery pack, thereby enabling switching between multiple application scenarios. The first battery cell has a larger equivalent charging rate, enabling faster charging speed, and also ensuring that fast charging is not required in scenarios where it is not needed. In addition, the first battery pack and the second battery pack independently provide power to the load, and one battery can serve as a redundancy for the other, which helps to extend the overall lifespan of the battery system and thus better extend the driving range.

[0007] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load; a first battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load; a second battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load.

[0008] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a voltage conversion circuit, and the load includes a first load and a second load; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0009] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a voltage conversion circuit, and the load includes a first load and a second load; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0010] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, for controlling the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to access the power supply circuit.

[0011] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes: a first switch connected to a first battery pack for controlling the first battery pack to access the power supply circuit; and a second switch connected to a second battery pack for controlling the second battery pack to access the power supply circuit.

[0012] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0013] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes: a third switch, connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, for controlling the on / off state of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

[0014] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, for controlling the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0015] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch; the fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0016] The fifth switch is connected to the first and second battery packs and is used to control the first and second battery packs to be connected in parallel.

[0017] In some embodiments, the system further includes a voltage conversion circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, wherein the second battery pack is also used to charge the first battery pack via the voltage conversion circuit.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is also used to charge the second battery pack via a voltage conversion circuit.

[0019] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, for controlling the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0020] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; the first voltage conversion device is connected to a first battery pack and a second battery pack respectively; the first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.

[0021] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a controller connected to a voltage conversion circuit, the controller being configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state; wherein the first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0022] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0023] (2). When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0024] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0025] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and control the first battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load; wherein the second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states:

[0026] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than 30%;

[0027] (2). When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0028] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0029] In some embodiments, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than 1.1 times that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC.

[0030] Optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than twice that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC.

[0031] Further optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than 10 times that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC.

[0032] By having a larger equivalent charging rate than the second battery cell, the first battery cell can achieve a very fast charging speed, significantly reducing charging time and improving efficiency.

[0033] In some embodiments, the charging rate of the first battery cell is 2C or higher, the charging rate of the second battery cell is 0.1C or higher, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 20 times the charging rate of the second battery cell; and / or,

[0034] The charging rate of the first battery cell is above 10C, the charging rate of the second battery cell is above 0.1C, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 100 times the charging rate of the second battery cell; and / or,

[0035] The charging rate of the first battery cell is above 2C, the charging rate of the second battery cell is above 1C, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to twice the charging rate of the second battery cell.

[0036] The first battery cell enables fast charging, while the second battery cell enables long battery life. Therefore, the combination of the first and second battery cells can result in excellent overall performance of the battery system.

[0037] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L;

[0038] Optionally, the total capacity of the first battery pack is greater than or equal to 40 kWh;

[0039] Optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:10 to 10:1;

[0040] Further optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:5 to 8:1;

[0041] Further optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:3 to 6:1.

[0042] The first battery pack can store more electrical energy than the second battery pack, and the second battery pack can also store enough electrical energy. Using the two together helps to extend the overall lifespan of the battery system, thereby better extending the driving range and meeting the daily commuting range needs of electric vehicles.

[0043] In some embodiments, within the battery system, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 5;

[0044] Optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 2;

[0045] Further optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 1.5;

[0046] Further optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is in the range of 0.1 to 1.2.

[0047] By optimizing the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack, the first battery pack can make more efficient use of space within the battery system, thereby better extending the driving range and meeting the daily commuting range requirements of electric vehicles.

[0048] In some embodiments, at 25°C, the equivalent charging rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than or equal to 2C.

[0049] Optionally, the first battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C at 10% SOC-80% SOC.

[0050] Further optionally, the first battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 4C at a SOC of 10% to 80%.

[0051] By optimizing the equivalent charging rate of the first battery cell within the charging range of 25°C and 10% SOC to 80% SOC, it is made capable of fast charging, which can charge a large amount of power in a short time, significantly reducing the charging waiting time. This enables the first battery pack composed of multiple first battery cells to become a fast charging pack, and can extend the service life of the first battery pack, improving the safety and reliability of the battery system.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first battery cell includes a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer includes graphite and optionally a silicon-based material, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet is 30 μm to 60 μm; and / or,

[0053] The first battery cell includes an electrolyte with a conductivity greater than or equal to 9 mS / cm; optionally, the electrolyte has a conductivity greater than or equal to 11 mS / cm; further optionally, the electrolyte has a conductivity greater than or equal to 13 mS / cm.

[0054] By designing the material and thickness of the negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode sheet of the first battery cell, and / or designing the conductivity of the electrolyte, the first battery cell can meet the requirements for fast charging and output a larger current to provide strong power. In addition, it also helps to improve the overall performance of the battery system.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell.

[0056] Optionally, the negative electrode active material layer in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell also includes silicon-based materials; the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.

[0057] By designing various types of first battery cells, all of them can achieve fast charging functionality.

[0058] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0059] (1) The thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 250℃;

[0060] (2) The overcharge boundary of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 140% SOC;

[0061] (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of the following: solid-state battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate battery cell, and lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell.

[0062] By making it less likely for the second battery cell to enter a dangerous overcharge state, the risk of serious damage to the battery caused by overcharging, such as thermal runaway, fire and explosion, is reduced. It also performs well in terms of high temperature resistance and safety, thus improving the safety and high temperature resistance of the battery system.

[0063] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0064] (1). When the ambient temperature is -10℃, the charging time of the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes;

[0065] (2). When the ambient temperature is -20℃, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell when charged or discharged at 0.33C is greater than or equal to 80%;

[0066] (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active layer of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and lithium-containing transition metal oxide.

[0067] The second battery cell has low-temperature adaptability, good charging capability and stability in low-temperature environments, and the second battery pack composed of the second battery cells is a low-temperature applicable battery pack.

[0068] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0069] (1) At 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 30s; optionally, at 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 60s; more preferably, at 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 100s.

[0070] (2). When the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance of the second battery cell is less than 0.4mΩ; Optionally, when the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance of the second battery cell is less than 0.3mΩ.

[0071] (3) The power density of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 500W / kg; optionally, the power density of the second battery cell is in the range of 600W / kg to 5000W / kg.

[0072] The second battery cell can maintain good performance during high-rate discharge while being less prone to overheating and rapid voltage drop, thus enabling the second battery pack to have ultra-high power and safety.

[0073] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0074] (1). When the cycle reaches 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 6000 cycles; optionally, when the cycle reaches 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 6500 cycles.

[0075] (2) After being stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 95%; and / or,

[0076] After being stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 98%.

[0077] The second battery cell can maintain a high capacity under high temperature conditions, and has good high temperature durability and stability.

[0078] In some embodiments, when the equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell from 10% to 80% SOC is less than 0.5C, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is above 500Wh / L.

[0079] The second battery cell is a negative electrode-free battery cell. Because the traditional negative electrode is removed, the volume of the second battery cell can be smaller, and more positive electrode active material can be packed in the same space, thereby increasing the volumetric energy density even at a low charging rate. At the same time, since there is no large amount of active lithium on the negative electrode side in the initial state, the safety hazards caused by the high chemical activity of lithium metal, volume expansion, and lithium dendrite growth are reduced. In addition, it simplifies the production processes such as slurry preparation and electrode coating, reduces the investment in production equipment and materials, and lowers costs.

[0080] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, and at least one of the following conditions is met:

[0081] (1). The volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L;

[0082] (2). When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack shall not be less than 20kWh;

[0083] (3). When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack shall not be less than 40kWh;

[0084] (4) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack shall not be less than 60kWh.

[0085] By enabling the second battery cell to have a high specific energy, the driving range can be extended more effectively.

[0086] In some embodiments, the second battery cell includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell, with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.

[0087] Optionally, the negative electrode active material layer in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion cell also includes silicon-based materials; the positive electrode active material layer of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.

[0088] Optionally, at least one second battery cell is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode.

[0089] By making the second battery cell have a high specific energy, the driving range can be extended more effectively.

[0090] In some embodiments, a single lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell meets at least one of the following conditions:

[0091] (1). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 400Wh / L to 700Wh / L.

[0092] (2). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 600Wh / L to 1000Wh / L.

[0093] (3). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 650Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.

[0094] By enabling lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to have high specific energy and store more electrical energy, the battery system's range is improved.

[0095] In some embodiments, when the casing of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a rigid casing, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions:

[0096] (1). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 30Ah to 200Ah.

[0097] (2). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 50Ah to 250Ah.

[0098] (3). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 50Ah to 300Ah.

[0099] By enabling lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to have high specific energy and store a lot of electrical energy, the battery system's range is improved.

[0100] In some embodiments, when the casing of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 10Ah to 80Ah.

[0101] Aluminum-plastic film packaging reduces the risk of explosion and enables lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to meet high power requirements. At the same time, the lightweight nature of aluminum-plastic film packaging reduces the burden on users, allowing lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to achieve higher energy density, higher specific energy, and the ability to store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the efficiency and range of the battery system.

[0102] In some embodiments, when the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 15Ah to 50Ah.

[0103] The cylindrical structure of the battery provides a large specific surface area, which allows for better heat dissipation during charging and discharging. This helps maintain the performance stability of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell and reduces safety hazards caused by overheating. Simultaneously, the cylindrical metal casing has strong compressive strength and is not easily deformed by external forces during use, effectively protecting internal components such as electrodes and electrolytes, ensuring the safety and reliability of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell. Furthermore, lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells can achieve high energy density, have high specific energy, and can store a significant amount of electrical energy, thereby improving the battery system's efficiency and range.

[0104] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0105] (1) The material of the current collector includes at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0106] (2) The thickness of the current collector is in the range of 3μm to 8μm;

[0107] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm;

[0108] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is in the range of 400MPa to 1600MPa;

[0109] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector; optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3 μm to 30 μm; further optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5 μm to 25 μm.

[0110] High energy density and high specific energy can be achieved by using lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, which can also store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the efficiency and range of the battery system.

[0111] In some embodiments, the positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode meets at least one of the following conditions:

[0112] (1) When the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode includes lithium iron phosphate, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode is 0.2g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Within the range;

[0113] (2) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrode cell without a negative electrode includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrode cell without a negative electrode is 0.25g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Within the range;

[0114] (3) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is 0.3g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Within the range.

[0115] High energy density and high specific energy can be achieved by using lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, which can also store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the efficiency and range of the battery system.

[0116] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode includes a liquid electrolyte containing an ether solvent;

[0117] Optionally, the ether solvent includes at least one of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,2-dimethoxypropane; and / or,

[0118] The liquid electrolyte contains a lithium salt, including lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; optionally, the lithium salt includes lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; and / or,

[0119] The liquid electrolyte contains 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether.

[0120] High energy density and high specific energy can be achieved by using lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, which can also store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the efficiency and range of the battery system.

[0121] In some embodiments, a single lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell meets at least one of the following conditions:

[0122] (1). The lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery has a cycle life of 100 cycles or more when charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C or a discharging rate of 1C within 80% of the depth of discharge.

[0123] (2). The lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C or a discharging rate of 1C within a 50% depth of discharge range, and the cycle life is greater than or equal to 200 cycles.

[0124] (3) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C or a discharging rate of 1C within a 30% depth of discharge range, and the cycle life is greater than or equal to 400 cycles.

[0125] High energy density and high specific energy can be achieved by using lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, which can also store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the efficiency and range of the battery system.

[0126] In some embodiments, an elastomeric buffer pad is provided on the large surface of the casing of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode, and the thickness of the elastomeric buffer pad is in the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

[0127] Preferably, the elastomeric cushioning pad includes an aerogel pad;

[0128] Preferably, the thickness of the elastomeric cushioning pad is in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

[0129] Elastomer buffer pads can effectively absorb and disperse certain external forces and provide a certain space buffer for certain volume changes, thereby alleviating expansion forces and protecting the internal structure and electrode materials of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells from damage, thus improving the safety and reliability of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells.

[0130] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes at least one third battery pack, which is a low-voltage battery module; optionally, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module is less than or equal to 60V; further optionally, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module includes one or more of 12V, 24V, 36V or 48V.

[0131] By setting different low voltages in the third battery pack, selection and combination can be made according to actual needs to meet the power supply voltage requirements of different electrical devices.

[0132] In some embodiments, the third battery pack is electrically connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively via a voltage conversion circuit, and the third battery pack discharges to the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack via a voltage conversion module; and / or,

[0133] The third battery pack is electrically connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively through a voltage conversion module. The first battery pack and / or the second battery pack discharge to the third battery pack through the voltage conversion module.

[0134] By enabling the first, second, and third battery packs to replenish each other's energy, the overall lifespan of the battery system can be further extended, thereby further extending the driving range.

[0135] In some embodiments, the third battery pack is electrically connected to the voltage conversion module, and the third battery pack supplies power to the load through the voltage conversion module.

[0136] The third battery pack can be used as a backup power source in certain situations. Even if the first and second battery packs fail, the third battery pack can maintain the battery life for a period of time, thus ensuring the reliability and safety of the battery system.

[0137] In some embodiments, the battery system includes a housing, within which a battery cavity is provided, comprising a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity.

[0138] A first battery pack is disposed in a first battery cavity, and a second battery pack is disposed in a second battery cavity. A partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure is capable of blocking at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

[0139] The enclosure contains battery chambers and partition structures. The battery chambers house individual battery cells. The partition structures are structures that divide the internal space of the enclosure; for example, they may include partition beams, partition plates, blocks, or barrier meshes. These partition structures divide the battery chambers, creating at least one first battery chamber and one second battery chamber. The first and second battery chambers can be arranged in various ways; for example, they can be arranged along the width of the enclosure.

[0140] In some embodiments, the partition structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

[0141] By sealing and isolating the first and second battery chambers through the partition structure, the partition structure can completely block the emissions, including particles and gases, generated after the thermal runaway of the battery cells.

[0142] In some embodiments, the housing includes a tray and a cover, the cover being disposed opposite to the tray along a first direction, and the cover covering the tray;

[0143] The partition structure divides the housing into a first battery compartment and a second battery compartment, and the partition structure is connected to the cover and the tray on opposite sides along the first direction, respectively.

[0144] The pallet and the lid are arranged opposite each other along a first direction, forming a container space. The first direction is the height direction of the container. One end of the pallet has an opening, and the lid covers the pallet and closes the opening. Optionally, the pallet includes a base plate and a frame. The base plate and the lid are arranged opposite each other along the first direction, and both ends of the frame are connected to the base plate and the lid, respectively. The base plate and the frame can be an integral structure or separate structures that are fixedly connected.

[0145] In some embodiments, the cover seals the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, and the partition structure further includes a seal, with seals provided between the partition structure and the cover, and / or between the partition structure and the tray.

[0146] The space inside the tray can accommodate the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the cover is sealed on the tray so that the cover can seal the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

[0147] In some embodiments, the enclosure has an output interface for connecting to the power supply circuit of the load;

[0148] The first battery pack contains multiple first battery cells that are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal; the second battery pack contains multiple second battery cells that are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal.

[0149] The enclosure also includes an electrical cavity for housing electrical components. At least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to a first main terminal and an output interface, and at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to a second main terminal and an output interface. The output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity.

[0150] The power supply circuit of the load is connected through the output interface, and power can be supplied to the load by combining the output interface and other components.

[0151] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting a power supply circuit to the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, and at least one of a first main terminal and a second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface via a first voltage conversion circuit to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage range being greater than or equal to 150V; and / or,

[0152] The load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical components include a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminals is electrically connected to the second output interface through a second voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0153] It can supply power to the load.

[0154] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with an electrical cavity partition, which is used to seal and isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity;

[0155] The electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole. The battery system also includes an adapter, which is sealed through the mounting hole. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to an electrical component inside the electrical cavity.

[0156] The electrical cavity partition can provide a sealing and isolation function.

[0157] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber, the first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway, and the second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway.

[0158] The pressure relief mechanism allows the first and second battery packs to be depressurized independently, preventing them from affecting each other and improving the reliability of the battery system.

[0159] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism, the first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism.

[0160] Since the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber are isolated, by setting a first pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the first battery chamber and a second pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the second battery chamber, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can be depressurized independently, and are less likely to affect each other, thus improving the reliability of the battery system.

[0161] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.

[0162] Thermal management components can regulate the temperature of individual battery cells, including cooling them down or heating them up in low-temperature environments, so that they reach their normal operating temperature range.

[0163] In some embodiments, the thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component, wherein the first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on a first battery pack and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on a second battery pack.

[0164] The first and second battery packs are thermally managed by corresponding sub-thermal management components. The structures of the first and second sub-thermal management components can be flexibly configured to adapt to the heat exchange requirements of the battery packs. Furthermore, if one sub-thermal management component fails due to blockage or other reasons, the other sub-thermal management component can still operate normally, thus improving the overall thermal management reliability of the battery system.

[0165] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component.

[0166] Both the first and second sub-thermal management components can form a circulating flow path, facilitating connection to the heat exchange medium source.

[0167] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a first controller and a second controller, the first controller being used to monitor and manage the state of individual battery cells in the first battery pack, and the second controller being used to monitor and / or manage the state of individual battery cells in the second battery pack.

[0168] The first and second battery packs can be monitored and managed independently, allowing for separate monitoring of each pack's status. The first and second controllers are configured separately, ensuring that even if one controller malfunctions, the other continues to operate normally, thus improving the battery system's reliability.

[0169] In some embodiments, the number of first battery chambers and second battery chambers can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery chambers and second battery chambers includes one or more of the following:

[0170] (1). The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the length of the housing;

[0171] (2). The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing;

[0172] (3). The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the height direction of the box;

[0173] (4). One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing;

[0174] (5) Several first battery chambers and several second battery chambers are arranged alternately.

[0175] The arrangement of the first and second battery chambers can be varied, offering high flexibility. The specific arrangement can be determined based on the applicable scenario, the system requirements of the battery cells, and other factors to meet diverse usage needs.

[0176] In some embodiments, within the first battery cavity, a plurality of first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing;

[0177] Inside the second battery chamber, multiple first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing.

[0178] The arrangement of the first and second battery cells within the battery cavity can be varied, offering high flexibility. The specific arrangement can be tailored to the applicable cavity space, scenario, battery cell system, energy density, and other requirements to meet diverse usage needs.

[0179] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device including the battery system described above.

[0180] The power device provided in this application embodiment not only enables fast charging, but also better alleviates users' range anxiety, achieves long battery life, and maximizes performance advantages in multiple scenarios.

[0181] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0182] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system for body control.

[0183] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which also includes an on-board charger (OBC), a battery system connected to the OBC, and the OBC used for AC charging of the vehicle.

[0184] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which further includes an on-board battery for providing a second voltage to a second load.

[0185] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of this application are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0186] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the alternative embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0187] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0188] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0189] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0190] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of two structures of an electrical device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0191] Figure 5 shows three circuit diagrams of the battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0192] Figure 6 shows two circuit diagrams of the battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0193] Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0194] Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0195] Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0196] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the battery system using the circuit diagram in Figure 9.

[0197] Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0198] Figure 12 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0199] Figure 13 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0200] Figure 14 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0201] Figure 15 is a structural diagram of the battery system using the circuit schematic in Figure 14;

[0202] Figure 16 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0203] Figure 17 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0204] Figure 18 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0205] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0206] Figure 20 is an exploded perspective view of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0207] Figure 21 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery system shown in Figure 25 after the cover has been removed;

[0208] Figure 22 is a top view of the battery system shown in Figure 26;

[0209] Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view of the battery system shown in Figure 27 in another embodiment;

[0210] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0211] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the battery cavity structure provided in some embodiments;

[0212] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the battery cell arrangement provided in some embodiments.

[0213] In the figures, the following labels are used: 1000, vehicle; 1100, battery system; 1200, controller; 1300, motor; 100, housing; 101, battery cavity; 1011, first battery cavity; 1012, second battery cavity; 102, electrical cavity; 110, first housing; 120, second housing; 10, tray; 11, side beam; 12, pressure relief cavity; 141, first inlet; 142, first outlet; 143, second inlet; 144, second outlet; 20, cover; 21, first cover; 22, second cover; 30, partition structure; 40, seal; 50, electrical... 51. Air chamber separator; 61. Adapter; 62. Pressure relief mechanism; 63. First pressure relief mechanism; 64. Second pressure relief mechanism; 70. Thermal management component; 71. First sub-thermal management component; 711. First heat exchange tube; 712. First current collector; 713. First heat exchange plate; 72. Second sub-thermal management component; 721. Second heat exchange tube; 722. Second current collector; 723. Second heat exchange plate; 200. Electrical component; 210. Switch module; 220. First voltage conversion module; 230. Second voltage conversion module; 231. First voltage conversion device; 232. Second voltage conversion device; 240, First power supply circuit; 250, Second power supply circuit; 260, Third voltage conversion module; 270, Voltage conversion module; 280, Fourth voltage conversion module; 291, First power distribution device; 292, Second power distribution device; 293, Third power distribution device; 1001, Battery pack; 1002, Battery cell; 1003, Positive terminal interface; 1004, Negative terminal interface; 1005, Interface; 300, First battery pack; 310, First battery cell; 311, First cell pressure relief mechanism; 320, First main terminal; 3 21. First insulating sampling structure; 330. First tap; 400. Second battery pack; 410. Second battery cell; 411. Second cell pressure relief mechanism; 420. Second main terminal; 421. Second insulating sampling structure; 430. Second tap; 500. Third battery pack; 600. Fourth battery pack; 700. Output interface; 710. First output interface; 7101. First sub-interface; 7102. Second sub-interface; 720. Second output interface; 800. Input interface; 900. Load; 910. First load; 920. Second load. Detailed Implementation

[0214] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0215] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0216] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0217] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0218] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0219] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0220] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0221] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0222] With the development of technology, power supply devices are playing an increasingly widespread role in users' lives. Take electric vehicles as an example; users frequently need to use them for work and daily life to facilitate travel. After prolonged use, the battery capacity of an electric vehicle decreases. If it cannot be charged in time or the charging time is too long, it will affect the user's work and life. To replenish at least some power quickly and promptly, fast charging technology has been developed. Fast charging technology brings significant convenience to users. For example, fast charging can charge a large amount of power in a short time (e.g., 50%–70% in 30 minutes), suitable for emergency scenarios (e.g., before leaving home or before a meeting), and can reduce charging waiting time, greatly improving efficiency.

[0223] Furthermore, with the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries, users often switch between multiple application scenarios when using the same power supply device, thus requiring the battery to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics. However, for battery cells with a single chemical system, multiple performance indicators of the battery often exhibit a trade-off, meaning that it is difficult for a battery cell with the same system to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics, let alone optimize multiple performance characteristics at the same time.

[0224] Therefore, researchers have been constantly exploring how to enable batteries to charge quickly while also alleviating users' range anxiety, achieving long battery life, and maximizing the performance advantages of power supply devices in various scenarios.

[0225] Battery System

[0226] Firstly, embodiments of this application provide a battery system. In some embodiments, the battery system provided by this application includes: a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a plurality of first battery cells, and the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells. The first battery cells and the second battery cells have different chemical systems. The equivalent charge rate of the first battery cells at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than that of the second battery cells at 10% SOC to 80% SOC. The first battery pack and the second battery pack can independently provide voltage to a load.

[0227] A battery system can be an energy storage device that provides electrical energy to electrical devices. A battery system includes a battery pack and a controller. The battery pack can be an electrical module used to achieve independent power output. A battery pack can consist of multiple battery cells connected in series and / or parallel; specifically, it can be a battery module, some battery cells in a battery pack, or some battery cells in a battery module, etc. A battery pack can also be an independently installed battery pack or a structurally integrated battery pack, etc. This application does not impose specific restrictions on the assembly method, physical location, or specific structural form of the battery pack.

[0228] The battery system disclosed in this application is applicable to various electrical devices that use battery systems, and can be used to form the power system of an electrical device. Electrical devices include mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0229] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device.

[0230] Referring to Figure 1, vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery system 1100 is installed inside vehicle 1000, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of vehicle 1000. The battery system 1100 can be used to power vehicle 1000; for example, it can serve as the operating power source for vehicle 1000. Vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 1200 and a motor 1300. The controller 1200 controls the battery system 1100 to supply power to the motor 1300, for example, to meet the power needs of vehicle 1000 during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0231] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system 1100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0232] As shown in Figure 2, the battery system 1100 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs 1001, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack 1001 may include multiple individual battery cells 1002, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0233] In some embodiments, the battery pack 1001 is typically formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells 1002.

[0234] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells 1002 into an independent module. As an example, the battery module can be formed by binding multiple battery cells 1002 together with cable ties.

[0235] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 further includes a housing for housing the battery pack. In some embodiments, the housing may be a housing 100 in which the battery pack 1001 is housed.

[0236] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing 100 by fixing the battery module in the housing 100.

[0237] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 may refer to an energy storage device, and the housing is a cabinet with a door on at least one side. The energy storage device includes energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0238] In some embodiments, one or more battery packs in the battery system are configured to be removable and / or replaceable. In some embodiments, the battery packs can be replaced with the same or different battery packs, and different battery packs include, but are not limited to, differences in at least one of the following: voltage, capacity, energy density, and chemical system. In some embodiments, multiple battery cells in a battery pack can be the same or different, and different battery cells include, but are not limited to, differences in at least one of the following: voltage, capacity, energy density, and chemical system. In some embodiments, multiple battery packs can be housed in the same housing, or multiple battery packs can be housed in different housings, for example, each battery pack can be placed in a separate housing; or some of the battery packs can be placed in one housing, and the others can be placed in another housing.

[0239] In this application, "different chemical systems" can refer to at least one material being different in the positive electrode active material, negative electrode active material, or electrolyte of the first and second battery cells, thus exhibiting different chemical systems. Batteries with different chemical systems have different performance characteristics, enabling complementary advantages to adapt to more application scenarios. In application, the aforementioned first battery pack can be used as the main battery pack. The first battery cell has an equivalent charge rate greater than or equal to 2C at 10% SOC to 80% SOC, and a charging time less than or equal to 21 minutes, thus enabling the first battery cell to primarily achieve fast charging. For example, at room temperature (25-30°C), with an equivalent charge rate of 2.5C, it can charge from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in only 18 minutes; with an equivalent charge rate of 4C, it can charge from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in only 10 minutes; and with an equivalent charge rate of 6C, it can charge from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in only 6 minutes. SOC is an abbreviation for "State of Charge", which usually refers to the proportion of the battery's remaining charge to its rated capacity at a certain moment. The equivalent charge rate is an indicator that measures the charging rate of a single battery cell, and is the ratio of the charging and discharging current to the battery's rated capacity.

[0240] In this embodiment of the application, for example, the positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrode sheet in the plurality of first battery cells can be at least one of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) fast-charging battery and nickel cobalt manganese battery (NCM) fast-charging battery. LFP has superior safety, while NCM has high energy density. Optionally, the positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrode sheet in the plurality of first battery cells can be LFP.

[0241] The negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode sheet in multiple first battery cells may include at least one of graphite, graphite and silicon-carbon, and graphite and silicon-oxygen. The negative electrode sheet typically uses graphite particles with a small average particle size and a thinner single-sided active material layer design. For example, the Dv50 of the graphite particles can be: 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 12μm, 14μm, 15μm, or 16μm. Optionally, the Dv50 range of the graphite particles is 5μm to 15μm or 8μm to 12μm. The thickness of the single-sided negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode sheet can be 50μm to 70μm, specifically: 50μm, 52μm, 54μm, 56μm, 58μm, 60μm, 62μm, 64μm, 66μm, 68μm, or 70μm. Optionally, the thickness of the active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet ranges from 50 μm to 70 μm, or from 52 μm to 68 μm. The coating weight (CW) on one side is 0.100–0.170 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 The cathode material of the first battery cell with better fast charging performance is not limited, including one or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Among them, fast-charging first battery cells using lithium iron phosphate and / or lithium manganese iron phosphate can achieve better safety performance while maintaining good fast charging capability. Fast-charging first battery cells using lithium-containing transition metal oxides can achieve higher energy density while maintaining good fast charging capability. It should be noted that Dv50 refers to the particle size value corresponding to a cumulative volume fraction of 50% in the graphite particle size distribution.

[0242] The electrolyte in the multiple first cell may be a highly conductive electrolyte (conductivity greater than or equal to 9 mS / cm, optionally greater than or equal to 15 mS / cm) to improve the kinetics of the first cell. The solvent may include at least diethyl carbonate (DC) and ethylene carbonate (EC), and may also include carboxylic acid esters (e.g., ethyl acetate (EA) or methyl acetate (MA)). The additive may include at least one of 1,3-propanesulfonyl lactone (1,3-PS), vinylene carbonate (VC), lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP), lithium bis(oxalato)difluorophosphate (LiFSI), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB), lithium bis(oxalato)difluorophosphate (LiDFOP), tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate (TMSP), and tris(trimethylsilyl)borate (TMSB).

[0243] There are no restrictions on the size of the first battery cell for better fast charging performance. As an example, a battery cell with the following dimensions can be used: length 200-500mm, width 80-200mm, and thickness 10-30mm. Specifically, the first battery cell can also achieve high-temperature fast charging (fast charging at >40℃).

[0244] In this application, there are no specific limitations on the type or main performance of the second battery cells in the second battery pack. The second battery cells are designed to function well at low temperatures while also possessing at least one of the following properties: high safety, good performance at high temperatures, high power, and high specific capacity (i.e., high specific energy). For example, the multiple second battery cells can be at least one of LFP low-temperature type, NCM type, sodium secondary battery, and solid-state battery. Optionally, the multiple second battery cells can be sodium secondary batteries.

[0245] Sodium secondary batteries can be repeatedly charged and discharged for hundreds to thousands of cycles, with low energy cost per single cycle, high energy density, suitable for scenarios requiring long endurance (such as electric vehicles, mobile phones, energy storage power stations, etc.), and have good low-temperature performance as well as high safety. Among them, sodium secondary batteries include sodium-ion batteries and sodium metal batteries. The second battery pack can be used as an auxiliary battery pack.

[0246] In the embodiments of the present application, the positive electrode active material layer of the sodium secondary battery may include at least one of sodium-containing transition metal oxides, sodium-containing polyanionic compounds, and sodium-containing Prussian blue analog compounds. In the sodium-containing transition metal oxide, the transition metal may be at least one of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), vanadium (V), zirconium (Zr), and cerium (Ce), and the sodium-containing transition metal oxide may be Na x MO2, where M is at least one of Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr and Cu, 0<x≤1. The sodium-containing polyanionic compound may include at least one of sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (Na3V2(PO4)2F3), sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (NaVPO4F), sodium vanadium phosphate (Na3V2(PO4)3), sodium ferrous phosphate diphosphate (Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7), sodium iron phosphate (NaFePO4), and sodium vanadium phosphate (Na3V2(PO4)3). The sodium-containing Prussian blue analog compound may be Na x M1M2(CN)6, where M1 and M2 are at least one of Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ti, V, Zr and Ce, 0<x≤2.

[0247] The negative electrode sheet of the sodium secondary battery includes carbon-based negative electrode materials, titanium-based oxide negative electrode materials, metal and alloy negative electrode materials, and non-metal simple substances. Among them, the carbon-based negative electrode material includes hard carbon and soft carbon; the titanium-based oxide negative electrode material includes titanium dioxide and other optimized materials thereof; the metal and alloy negative electrode materials may be sodium (Na), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), germanium (Ge), lead (Pb), etc.; the non-metal simple substance includes carbon simple substance and the like. Optionally, a sodium metal battery using metallic sodium as the negative electrode active material is selected.

[0248] In some embodiments, the negative electrode sheet of the sodium metal battery is a negative current collector, that is, the negative current collector directly serves as the negative electrode sheet, and this type of sodium metal battery may also be referred to as an "anode-free battery". During the charging process, sodium ions deintercalated from the positive electrode sheet are deposited on the negative current collector to form a sodium metal negative electrode, and in the sodium metal negative electrode, the metallic sodium is the negative electrode active material. In other embodiments, for the normal use of the negative electrode sheet or to facilitate the deposition of metallic sodium on the negative current collector, a conductive film layer may be disposed on the negative current collector.

[0249] As an example, the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite each other in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material layer can be disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.

[0250] Optionally, the negative electrode current collector can be a metal foil or a composite current collector; for example, copper foil can be used as the metal foil. The composite current collector can include a polymer material substrate and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material substrate. The composite current collector can be formed by forming a metal material (e.g., copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver and silver alloys, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (e.g., a substrate of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE), etc.).

[0251] Optionally, the negative electrode active material can be a negative electrode active material used in sodium metal batteries. As an example, the negative electrode active material may include at least one of sodium metal, carbon-based materials or metals deposited with sodium metal, alloy materials, composite materials containing sodium metal, and alloy materials containing sodium metal. However, the embodiments of this application are not limited to these materials, and other materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials for sodium metal batteries may also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone, or two or more materials may be used in combination.

[0252] Optionally, copper foil or copper foil with a conductive film layer disposed on at least one surface of copper foil can be used as the negative electrode.

[0253] The electrolyte in a sodium-ion battery cell can include sodium salts and organic solvents. Specifically, there are no particular restrictions on the organic solvents in the electrolyte. The organic solvents can include at least one of EC, propylene carbonate (PC), DC, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), propylene carbonate (PC), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl propionate (EP), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), diethyl ether (Et2O), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGDE), triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TGDE), tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Ether solvents are preferred to adjust the morphology of sodium ion deposition, thereby inhibiting the excessive growth of sodium dendrites.

[0254] The NCM-type battery cell has a full charge time of less than or equal to 25 minutes at -10℃. The positive electrode active material of the NCM-type battery cell may contain the compound Li. x Ni b Co d Mn e M f O (2-y) Wherein, 0.6≤x≤1.2, -0.2≤x≤0.2, b is in the range of 0.314~0.970, d is in the range of 0~0.320 (optionally, in the range of 0.047~0.320), e is in the range of 0.006~0.390, the sum of b, d, e and f is 1 and f is greater than 0, M includes one or more elements selected from Mn, aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), Na, Ti, tungsten (W), Zr, strontium (Sr), Cr, zinc (Zn), barium (Ba), boron (B), sulfur (S), niobium (Nb), Sb and yttrium (Y), and optionally, M is Mg and / or Al.

[0255] The LFP low-temperature battery cell retains more than 80% of its energy at -20°C and can be charged at -10°C for 35 minutes. Its positive electrode includes a first positive active material layer containing a first positive active material, which comprises the compound Li. a A x Mn 1-y By P 1-z C z O 4-n D n Wherein, a is in the range of 0.9 to 1.1, x is in the range of 0.001 to 0.1, y is in the range of 0.001 to 1, z is in the range of 0 to 0.1, n is in the range of 0.001 to 0.1, A includes one or more elements selected from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo and W, B includes one or more elements selected from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb and Ge, C includes one or more elements selected from B, S, Si and N, and D is selected from one or more elements selected from S, F, Cl and Br.

[0256] The positive electrode may also include a second positive electrode active material layer, which contains a second positive electrode active material, and the second positive electrode active material contains the compound Li. x Ni b Co d Mn e M f O (2-y) Wherein, 0.6≤x≤1.2, -0.2≤x≤0.2, b is in the range of 0.314~0.970, d is in the range of 0-0.320 (optionally, in the range of 0.047-0.320), e is in the range of 0.006~0.390, the sum of b, d, e and f is 1 and f is greater than 0, M includes one or more elements selected from Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Na, Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Cr, Zn, Ba, B, S, Nb, Sb and Y, and optionally, M includes at least one or more elements selected from Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Mg and Al.

[0257] The mass ratio of the first positive electrode active material to the second positive electrode active material can be 0.5:9.5 to 9.5:0.5. Optionally, the mass ratio of the first positive electrode active material to the second positive electrode active material can be 2:8 to 8:2. Further optionally, the mass ratio of the first positive electrode active material to the second positive electrode active material can be 3:7 to 7:3.

[0258] The electrolyte for solid-state batteries can include at least one of sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes, oxide-based solid-state electrolytes, and organic solid-state electrolytes. Among them, sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes have high lithium-ion conductivity (10⁻⁶). -2 S / cm~10 -3The electrolyte has a flow rate of S / cm, which allows it to easily form a contact interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, and it also possesses high mechanical strength and flexibility. There are no particular limitations on the type of sulfide solid electrolyte; for example, sulfide solid electrolytes may include lithium thiophosphate chloride (Li6PS5Cl(LPSCl)) and lithium germanium phosphorus sulfide compounds (Thio-LISICON(Li... 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 Lithium sulfide-phosphorus pentasulfide-lithium chloride (Li2S-P2S5-LiCl), lithium sulfide-silicon disulfide (Li2S-SiS2), lithium iodide-lithium sulfide-silicon disulfide (LiI-Li2S-SiS2), lithium iodide-lithium sulfide-phosphorus pentasulfide (LiI-Li2S-P2S5), lithium iodide-lithium sulfide-phosphorus pentoxide (LiI-Li2S-P2O5), lithium iodide-lithium phosphate-phosphorus pentasulfide (LiI-Li3PO4-P2S5), lithium sulfide-phosphorus pentasulfide (Li2S-P2S5), trilithium phosphorus tetrasulfide (Li3PS4), lithium thiophosphate compounds (Li7P3S) 11 Lithium iodide-lithium sulfide-boron trisulfide (LiI-Li2S-B2S3), lithium phosphate-lithium sulfide-silicon disulfide (Li3PO4-Li2S-Si2S), decalithium germanium diphosphide dodecathionide (Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2), LiPO4-Li2S-SiS, Li 10 GeP2S 12 Li 9.54 Si 1.74 P 1.44 S 11.7 C 10.3 and Li7P3S 11 .

[0259] Oxide-based solid electrolytes exhibit high safety in air and have a 10 -3 S / cm~10 -4While the lithium-ion conductivity (S / cm) is lower than that of sulfide-based solid electrolytes, it is still relatively high. Furthermore, oxide-based solid electrolytes exhibit high electrochemical safety and mechanical strength. There are no particular limitations on the types of oxide-based solid electrolytes used here; for example, oxide-based solid electrolytes can include perovskite solid electrolytes, sodium super-ionic conductor solid-state electrolytes (NASICON), lithium superionic conductor solid-state electrolytes (LISICON), and lithium superionic conductor solid-state electrolytes (LLZO).

[0260] Organic solid electrolytes are a type of solid electrolyte. They can easily form electrode interfaces and minimize dendrite growth, thus making the reaction between organic solid electrolytes and lithium metal stable. There are no particular restrictions on the types of organic solid electrolytes; for example, organic solid electrolytes include polyethylene oxide (PEO).

[0261] The thickness of the solid electrolyte can be selected differently depending on the properties of the desired all-solid-state battery. Specifically, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be in the range of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm; or, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be in the range of 1 μm to 500 μm; or, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be in the range of 20 μm to 30 μm.

[0262] As a first example, the implementing element of the LFP low-temperature battery can be a low-film-forming electrolyte, such as natural graphite. Characterization methods include: energy retention greater than 80% at -20°C and charging time lasting 35 minutes at -10°C.

[0263] As a second example, the implementing element of NCM high-energy-density batteries can be thickly coated, high-density high silicon. Characterization methods can be volumetric energy density (VED) or gravimetric energy density: high: 845 Wh / L, 380 Wh / kg; medium: 650 Wh / L–750 Wh / L, 260 Wh / kg–310 Wh / kg; low: 520 Wh / L–650 Wh / L, 240 Wh / kg–260 Wh / kg.

[0264] As a third example, the NCM high-temperature battery characterization method can be: operating temperature greater than 50℃.

[0265] As a fourth example, the constituent elements of the NCM high-power battery can be Ni68 or Ni80. Characterization methods include: 7C > 10s, 5.6C > 180s. It should be noted that Ni68 refers to an NCM high-power battery with a nickel (Ni) content of 68%; 7C > 10s means that the NCM high-power battery can discharge at a current seven times its rated capacity for more than 10 seconds, and so on.

[0266] As a fifth example, the characterization method for a solid-state battery with high safety and high specific energy can be: 50℃ NP, with a gravimetric energy density of 500Wh / kg.

[0267] As a sixth example, the characterization method for low-temperature sodium secondary batteries can be: a capacity retention rate greater than 89% at -30℃, a gravimetric energy density in the range of 160Wh / kg to 200Wh / kg, and a VED in the range of 250Wh / L to 380Wh / L.

[0268] The 10% SOC to 80% SOC of the embodiments in this application indicate that the state of charge of the battery is in a moderate range.

[0269] Based on this, a higher equivalent charging rate allows the first battery cell to achieve a faster charging speed, with a larger charging current relative to its capacity, making it more suitable for high-current charging. Because of its fast charging speed, the first battery cell is more suitable for devices or scenarios requiring rapid power replenishment, such as fast charging scenarios for electric vehicles, or devices with strict requirements on charging time.

[0270] It should be understood that the difference in chemical systems between the first and second battery cells refers to the fact that at least one of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte in the first battery cell is different from that in the second battery cell.

[0271] It should be understood that the first battery pack and the second battery pack are electrically connected through a voltage conversion circuit. The fact that the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit means that the voltage conversion circuit can adjust and convert electrical energy. Specifically, when the first battery pack has undergone long-term or multiple fast charging, resulting in a lower charge level than the second battery pack, and the system meets certain conditions, the electrical energy in the second battery pack can be transferred to the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0272] It should be noted that the prerequisite for testing the equivalent charging rate of a single battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is that the charging pile has current redundancy or power redundancy.

[0273] In the battery system of this application embodiment, the first battery cell in the first battery pack and the second battery cell in the second battery pack have different chemical systems, thereby enabling switching between multiple application scenarios. The first battery cell has a larger equivalent charging rate, enabling faster charging speeds, and also ensuring that fast charging is not required in scenarios where it is not needed. In addition, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can independently provide voltage to the load, so when the first battery pack has a low charge, the second battery pack can be used to work, and vice versa, thereby achieving redundancy, which helps to extend the overall lifespan of the battery system and thus better extend the driving range.

[0274] In some embodiments, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than 1.1 times that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC; optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than 2 times that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC; further optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than 10 times that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC.

[0275] Specifically, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 times that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC.

[0276] In the battery system of this application embodiment, the first battery cell has a larger equivalent charging rate than the second battery cell, enabling it to achieve a very fast charging speed, significantly shortening the charging time and improving efficiency.

[0277] In some embodiments, the charging rate of the first battery cell is 2C or higher, the charging rate of the second battery cell is 0.1C or higher, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 20 times the charging rate of the second battery cell; and / or, the charging rate of the first battery cell is 10C or higher, the charging rate of the second battery cell is 0.1C or higher, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 100 times the charging rate of the second battery cell; and / or, the charging rate of the first battery cell is 2C or higher, the charging rate of the second battery cell is 1C or higher, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 2 times the charging rate of the second battery cell.

[0278] Specifically, the charging rate of the first battery cell can be 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, or 7C, etc., and the charging rate of the second battery cell can be 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 0.7C, 0.8C, or 0.9C, etc. The charging rate of the first battery cell is 20 times, 25 times, 30 times, 35 times, 40 times, or 50 times that of the second battery cell, etc. The first battery cell can be charged at a higher speed, while the second battery cell can be charged at a slower speed than the first battery cell.

[0279] And / or, specifically, the charging rate of the first battery cell can be 10C, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, or 15C, etc., and the charging rate of the second battery cell can be 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 0.7C, 0.8C, or 0.9C, etc., and the charging rate of the first battery cell is 100 times, 110 times, 120 times, 130 times, 140 times, or 150 times that of the second battery cell, etc. The first battery cell can be charged at a higher rate, while the second battery cell can be charged at a slower rate than the first battery cell.

[0280] And / or, specifically, the charging rate of the first battery cell can be 2C, 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C, or 7C, etc., and the charging rate of the second battery cell can be 1C, 1.5C, 2C, 2.5C, 3C, or 4C, etc., and the charging rate of the first battery cell is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times that of the charging rate of the second battery cell, etc. The first battery cell can be charged at a higher speed, while the second battery cell can be charged at a slower speed than the first battery cell.

[0281] In the battery system of this application embodiment, the first battery cell can achieve fast charging, and the second battery cell can achieve long battery life. Therefore, the combination of the first battery cell and the second battery cell can make the overall performance of the battery system better.

[0282] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L; optionally, the total capacity of the first battery pack is greater than or equal to 40kWh; optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:10 to 10:1; further optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:5 to 8:1; further optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:3 to 6:1.

[0283] The volumetric energy density of the first battery cell can be 200Wh / L to 400Wh / L, 400Wh / L to 600Wh / L, 600Wh / L to 800Wh / L, etc. Specifically, the volumetric energy density of the first battery cell can be 200Wh / L, 300Wh / L, 400Wh / L, 500Wh / L, 600Wh / L, 700Wh / L, or 800Wh / L. A higher volumetric energy density means that the first battery cell can store more electrical energy in the same volume, which means that longer driving range and / or stronger power output can be achieved in a smaller space. For example, a high volumetric energy density first battery pack can enable electric vehicles to achieve a longer driving range without significantly increasing the vehicle's size and weight; or, a high volumetric energy density first battery pack can allow portable electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, etc.) to maintain a slim and lightweight appearance while having enough power to support long-term use.

[0284] Specifically, the total capacity of the first battery pack can be 40kWh, 50kWh, 60kWh, 70kWh, 80kWh, or 90kWh, etc. This means that the first battery pack can store a lot of electrical energy and provide sufficient power.

[0285] The ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack can be 1:3 to 1:1, 1:1 to 3:1, 3:3 to 6:1, etc. Specifically, the ratio can be 1:3, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, or 6:1, etc. The difference between the total capacity of the first and second battery packs is not significant, and the second battery pack can also store a certain amount of electrical energy.

[0286] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, when the battery system simultaneously includes a first battery pack with fast charging performance and a second battery cell with a relatively slow charging rate but high volumetric energy density, the technical advantage of the first battery's equivalent charging rate of 10% to 80% SOC can be utilized to promptly meet the user's emergency power needs. At the same time, the battery system can control the second battery pack to continuously provide power to the first battery pack, which helps to meet the user's need for large single power consumption and achieve a longer driving range.

[0287] In some embodiments, within the battery system, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 5; optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 2; further optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 1.5; further optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is in the range of 0.1 to 1.2.

[0288] The volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack can be 0.1–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–0.9, 0.9–1.2, etc. Specifically, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack can be 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, or 1.2, etc. Therefore, under the same space conditions, the first battery pack stores energy more efficiently than the second battery pack, or the first battery pack is superior in utilizing space to store energy. For example, when the volumes of the first and second battery packs are the same, the first battery pack can store more energy; or, when the first and second battery packs store the same amount of energy, the first battery pack occupies less space.

[0289] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, by optimizing the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack, the space utilization of the first battery pack within the battery system is made more efficient, thereby better extending the driving range and meeting the daily commuting range requirements of electric vehicles.

[0290] In some embodiments, at 25°C, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than or equal to 2C; optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than or equal to 2.5C; further optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than or equal to 4C.

[0291] Specifically, the equivalent charging rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC-80% SOC can be 4C, 5C, 6C, 7C, 8C, or 9C, etc. This allows the first battery cell to be charged with a higher current and possesses good conductivity, ion diffusion, and structural stability. Simultaneously, the first battery cell exhibits good consistency, enabling it to uniformly accept charge during charging and reducing the risk of some first battery cells being overcharged or undercharged.

[0292] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, by optimizing the equivalent charging rate of the first battery cell in the charging range of 25°C and 10% SOC to 80% SOC, it is made to have fast charging capability, which can charge a large amount of power in a short time, significantly reducing the charging waiting time. This makes the first battery pack composed of multiple first battery cells into a fast charging pack, and can extend the service life of the first battery pack, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery system.

[0293] In some embodiments, the first battery cell includes a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer includes graphite and optionally a silicon-based material; the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet is 30 μm to 60 μm; and / or, the first battery cell includes a liquid electrolyte, i.e., an electrolyte solution, the conductivity of which is greater than or equal to 9 mS / cm; optionally, the conductivity of the electrolyte solution is greater than or equal to 11 mS / cm; further optionally, the conductivity of the electrolyte solution is greater than or equal to 13 mS / cm.

[0294] Specifically, the layered structure of graphite facilitates the rapid diffusion of lithium ions. Silicon-based materials have a high lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, and combining them with graphite can optimize the transport path and speed of lithium ions in the negative electrode active material. Furthermore, the proper combination of graphite and silicon-based materials can reduce polarization, thereby enabling the first battery cell to achieve fast charging functionality.

[0295] The thickness of the single-sided negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode sheet can be 30μm–40μm, 40μm–50μm, or 50μm–60μm, etc. Specifically, the thickness of the single-sided negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode sheet can be 30μm, 40μm, 50μm, or 60μm, etc. A suitable thickness of the single-sided negative electrode active material layer can provide sufficient active material, providing a relatively ideal transport path for lithium ions within the negative electrode active material layer, and is also easy to fabricate.

[0296] Specifically, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be 13 mS / cm, 14 mS / cm, 15 mS / cm, 16 mS / cm, 17 mS / cm, or 18 mS / cm, etc. A higher conductivity in the first battery cell results in faster ion migration in the electrolyte, enabling rapid lithium ion conduction during fast charging. This allows lithium ions to shuttle quickly between the positive and negative electrodes, facilitating high-current charging, shortening charging time, reducing energy loss, lowering battery heat generation, and meeting the requirements of fast-charging batteries.

[0297] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, by designing the material and thickness of the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode sheet in the first battery cell, and / or designing the conductivity of the electrolyte, the first battery cell can meet the requirements for fast charging and can output a larger current to provide strong power. In addition, it also helps to improve the overall performance of the battery system.

[0298] In some embodiments, the first battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material layer in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell further includes a silicon-based material; the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the negative electrode sheet uses at least a battery cell including graphite material.

[0299] It should be noted that the terms "lithium iron phosphate" and "lithium manganese iron phosphate" mentioned above refer to substances based on lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate. This can also be understood to include compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate substrates. The doping elements can include metallic elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, and the coating material can be carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, or other similar materials.

[0300] The lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell is a type of lithium-ion battery cell that uses lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material and graphite as the negative electrode active material, enabling fast charging. Specifically, during charging, some lithium ions in the lithium iron phosphate are released, transferred to the negative electrode via the electrolyte, and intercalated into the negative electrode carbon material (graphite). Simultaneously, electrons are released from the positive electrode and travel from the external circuit to the negative electrode, maintaining the balance of the chemical reaction. The discharge process is the opposite: lithium ions are released from the negative electrode, travel to the positive electrode via the electrolyte, and simultaneously, electrons are released from the negative electrode and travel from the external circuit to the positive electrode, providing energy to the outside world. The lithium iron phosphate positive electrode has good thermal stability and safety, and is not prone to combustion or explosion under overcharging, over-discharging, and short-circuiting conditions. It also has a long cycle life, maintaining high performance even after thousands of charge-discharge cycles. Graphite has a layered structure, providing abundant intercalation and extraction channels for lithium ions, facilitating rapid migration and thus enabling fast charging. Furthermore, graphite's good conductivity reduces the internal resistance of the first battery cell, improving charge-discharge efficiency.

[0301] Lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cells are lithium-ion battery cells with lithium manganese iron phosphate as the positive electrode active material and graphite as the negative electrode active material, possessing fast charging capability. Lithium manganese iron phosphate is a product of the mixture of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese phosphate, exhibiting an ordered and regular olivine-type structure, and is effective against Li... +The higher electrode potential and increased plateau voltage of Li-MnFePO4 lead to improved energy density for the same volumetric mass. It also offers advantages such as low cost, high safety, and high thermal stability. It does not spontaneously combust during needle penetration or overcharging, has a long lifespan, and is safe with no risk of explosion. Graphite, with its high electronic conductivity, ensures rapid and smooth electron transport between electrodes during charging and discharging, significantly improving battery efficiency. Furthermore, the minimal volume change in the layered structure of graphite before and after lithium intercalation allows the electrodes to maintain structural stability during repeated charging and discharging, effectively extending the cycle life of the first battery cell. Graphite also has a high lithium intercalation capacity, storing more lithium ions and providing higher energy density for the first battery cell. Its low lithium intercalation potential facilitates lithium ion insertion and extraction, further enhancing the performance of the first battery cell.

[0302] The ternary cathode active material in a ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell generally refers to a cathode active material composed of oxides of metallic elements such as Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, for example, NCM. Ni helps improve the energy density and charge / discharge capacity of the first battery cell; Co can enhance the conductivity and structural stability of the cathode active material, improving the cycle performance and rate performance of the first battery cell; Mn or Al can improve the safety and stability of the cathode active material. The graphite anode has a layered structure, which can provide abundant insertion sites for lithium ions. Lithium ions can be rapidly inserted and extracted between the layers, and graphite has good conductivity, which is conducive to electron transport and can meet the high current requirements of fast charging of the first battery cell.

[0303] The composite cathode active material in a hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell typically combines two or more different types of positive electrode active materials to form a composite cathode. Common mixing methods include mixing materials such as LFP and lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), or mixing ternary materials in different proportions, which can combine the advantages of different materials. Graphite anodes have a layered structure, providing abundant insertion sites for lithium ions, allowing for rapid insertion and extraction between layers. Furthermore, graphite's good conductivity facilitates electron transport, meeting the high current requirements of fast charging of the first battery cell.

[0304] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, various types of first battery cells are designed to enable fast charging functionality.

[0305] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) the thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 250°C; (2) the overcharge boundary of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 140% SOC; (3) the second battery cell includes at least one of solid-state battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate battery cell, and lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell.

[0306] Specifically, the thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell can be 250℃, 260℃, 270℃, 280℃, 290℃, or 300℃, etc. Compared with some batteries with lower thermal runaway temperatures, the second battery cell can withstand higher operating temperatures without easily experiencing thermal runaway. It has better heat resistance and will not trigger a series of chain reactions leading to thermal runaway, such as severe side reactions, separator melting, and electrode material decomposition, due to temperature increases. It has better thermal stability and safety.

[0307] Specifically, the overcharge threshold of the second battery cell can be 140% SOC, 150% SOC, 160% SOC, 170% SOC, 180% SOC, or 190% SOC, etc. The second battery cell can withstand a charge of 40% or more beyond its normal full charge state, and has safety and good performance.

[0308] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, even if there are some minor errors or unexpected situations in charging control, the second battery cell is not likely to enter a dangerous overcharge state, which reduces the serious damage to the battery caused by safety risks such as thermal runaway, fire and explosion caused by overcharging. It performs well in terms of high temperature resistance and safety, thereby making the battery system safe and resistant to high temperatures.

[0309] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) At an ambient temperature of -10°C, the charging time of the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes; (2) At an ambient temperature of -20°C, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell when charged or discharged at 0.33C is greater than or equal to 80%; (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active layer of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.

[0310] Specifically, at an ambient temperature of -10℃, the charging time for the second battery cell to charge from 10% SOC to 80% SOC can be 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, or 40 minutes, etc. Therefore, the second battery cell can overcome the adverse effects of low temperatures and exhibits good low-temperature adaptability and fast charging capability.

[0311] Specifically, at an ambient temperature of -20°C, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell when charged or discharged at 0.33C can be 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%, etc. Therefore, the second battery cell can maintain good activity and stability at low temperatures.

[0312] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the second battery cell has low-temperature adaptability, good charging capability and stability in low-temperature environment, and the second battery pack composed of the second battery cells is a low-temperature applicable battery pack.

[0313] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) At 50% SOC, the discharge time of the second battery cell at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage is greater than or equal to 30s; optionally, at 50% SOC, the discharge time of the second battery cell at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage is greater than or equal to 60s; more preferably, at 50% SOC, the discharge time of the second battery cell at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage is greater than or equal to 100s; (2) At 50% SOC, the second battery cell discharges at 3.5C for 10s, and the DC impedance of the second battery cell is less than 0.4mΩ; optionally, at 50% SOC, the second battery cell discharges at 3.5C for 10s, and the DC impedance of the second battery cell is less than 0.3mΩ; (3) The power density of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 500W / kg; optionally, the power density of the second battery cell is in the range of 600W / kg to 5000W / kg.

[0314] Specifically, at 50% SOC and a 5C discharge rate to the lower cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell can be 100s, 200s, 300s, 400s, 500s, or 600s, etc. The second battery cell has lower internal impedance and resistance, resulting in less heat and energy loss when a large current flows through it. This allows for more efficient conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy output, reducing voltage drop and power loss due to internal resistance, and ensuring the performance of the second battery cell at high discharge rates.

[0315] Specifically, when the second battery cell is at 50% SOC and discharged at 3.5C for 10 seconds, its DC resistance can be 0.05mΩ, 0.1mΩ, 0.15mΩ, 0.2mΩ, or 0.25mΩ, etc. The second battery cell possesses excellent conductivity, ensuring rapid migration of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes, meeting the ion supply requirements during high-current discharge, thereby maintaining the normal discharge of the second battery cell.

[0316] The power density of the second battery cell can be 600W / kg~1000W / kg, 1000W / kg~2000W / kg, 2000W / kg~3000W / kg, 3000W / kg~4000W / kg, 4000W / kg~5000W / kg, etc. Specifically, the power density of the second battery cell can be 600W / kg, 1000W / kg, 2000W / kg, 3000W / kg, 4000W / kg, or 5000W / kg, etc. The second battery cell can output higher power per unit mass, has better high-rate charge and discharge performance, can be charged and discharged with higher current, shorten charging time, and maintain good performance during high-rate discharge, without easily experiencing problems such as overheating and excessively rapid voltage drop.

[0317] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the second battery cell can maintain good performance during high-rate discharge while being less prone to problems such as overheating and rapid voltage drop, thereby enabling the battery system to achieve a long driving range while having high power performance.

[0318] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) when cycling to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 6000 cycles; optionally, when cycling to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 6500 cycles; (2) when stored for 90 days at an ambient temperature of 45°C, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 95%; and / or, when stored for 60 days at an ambient temperature of 60°C, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 98%.

[0319] Specifically, when cycling to 70% SOH, the number of cycles for the second battery cell can be 6500, 6800, 7000, 7500, 8000, or 9000 cycles, etc. The second battery cell can maintain relatively good performance after multiple charge-discharge cycles, exhibiting good durability and stability.

[0320] Specifically, after storage at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell can be 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, etc.; and / or, after storage at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell can be 98%, 98.1%, 98.5%, 98.8%, or 99%, etc. The fact that the second battery cell can maintain a high capacity after being stored in a high-temperature environment for several months indicates that the second battery cell has good high-temperature resistance.

[0321] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the second battery cell can maintain a high capacity under high temperature conditions, and has good high temperature durability and stability.

[0322] In some embodiments, when the equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell at 10% to 80% SOC is less than 0.5C, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is above 500Wh / L.

[0323] Specifically, when the equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell is less than 0.5C, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell can be 500Wh / L, 550Wh / L, 600Wh / L, or 700Wh / L, etc.

[0324] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the second battery cell is a negative electrode-free battery cell. Since the traditional negative electrode is removed, the volume of the second battery cell can be smaller, and more positive electrode active material can be packed in the same space, thereby increasing the volumetric energy density even at a low charging rate. At the same time, since there is no large amount of active lithium on the negative electrode side in the initial state, the safety hazards caused by the high chemical activity of lithium metal, volume expansion, and lithium dendrite growth are reduced. In addition, the production processes such as slurry preparation and electrode coating are simplified, reducing the investment in production equipment and materials, resulting in low cost.

[0325] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, and at least one of the following conditions is met: (1) the volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L; (2) when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (3) when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh; (4) when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

[0326] Specifically, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack can be 20kWh, 30kWh, 40kWh, 50kWh, 60kWh, or 70kWh, etc. The second battery cell has a high energy storage capacity and can also provide good power supply.

[0327] Specifically, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack can be 40kWh, 50kWh, 60kWh, 70kWh, 80kWh, or 90kWh, etc. The second battery cell has a high energy storage capacity and can also provide good power supply.

[0328] Specifically, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack can be 60kWh, 70kWh, 80kWh, 90kWh, 100kWh, or 110kWh, etc. The second battery cell has a high energy storage capacity and can also provide good power supply.

[0329] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the second battery cell has high specific energy, thereby better extending the driving range.

[0330] In some embodiments, the second battery cell includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell, with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L; optionally, the negative electrode active material layer in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion cell further includes a silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material layer of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides; optionally, at least one second battery cell is a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell.

[0331] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the second battery cell has high specific energy, which can better extend the driving range.

[0332] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell meets at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is in the range of 450Wh / L to 700Wh / L; (2) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is in the range of 600Wh / L to 1000Wh / L; (3) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is in the range of 650Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.

[0333] The positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the volumetric energy density of the cell can be 450Wh / L–500Wh / L, 500Wh / L–600Wh / L, 600Wh / L–700Wh / L, etc. Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the volumetric energy density can be 450Wh / L, 500Wh / L, 600Wh / L, or 700Wh / L, etc. Lithium iron phosphate has advantages such as abundant resources, low price, high safety, and good cycle performance. At the same time, the crystal structure of lithium iron phosphate is stable, and the insertion and extraction of lithium ions during charging and discharging have little impact on the crystal lattice, ensuring the reversibility of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, helping to extend its lifespan, and resulting in a high volumetric energy density.

[0334] The positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell can be 600Wh / L–700Wh / L, 700Wh / L–800Wh / L, 800Wh / L–900Wh / L, 900Wh / L–1000Wh / L, etc. Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell can be 600Wh / L, 700Wh / L, 800Wh / L, 900Wh / L, or 1000Wh / L, etc. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) has advantages such as high safety and good cycle performance, while lithium manganese iron phosphate (LFP) has a high voltage platform and a relatively high theoretical specific capacity. Lithium-containing transition metal oxides (LMBOs) have high specific capacity and energy density. Therefore, combining two or more of these materials can achieve complementary performance. For example, the combination of LFP and LFP can improve the energy density of a single lithium-ion battery cell to a certain extent while maintaining good safety and cycle performance. Combining LFP or LFP with LFP can improve the charge-discharge efficiency and rate performance of a single lithium-ion battery cell.

[0335] The positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The volumetric energy density of this cell can range from 650Wh / L to 1100Wh / L, 1100Wh / L to 1400Wh / L, 1400Wh / L to 1700Wh / L, and 1700Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the volumetric energy density can be 650Wh / L, 900Wh / L, 1000Wh / L, 1500Wh / L, or 2000Wh / L. Lithium-containing transition metal oxides have high specific capacity and voltage plateaus, enabling them to store significant amounts of electrical energy. Their crystal structure remains relatively stable during charge and discharge, facilitating the insertion and extraction of lithium ions, thus providing a high energy density.

[0336] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the volumetric energy density of a single lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively controlled by adjusting the type of positive electrode active material. Meanwhile, lithium-ion electrodeless batteries with different positive electrode active materials also have different cycle lifespans. Therefore, based on the frequency of the electrical system's use of the second battery pack and the planned amount of electricity or mileage to replenish the first battery pack, different types of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells can be selected.

[0337] In some embodiments, when the casing of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is a rigid casing, the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is in the range of 30Ah to 200Ah; (2) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is in the range of 50Ah to 250Ah; (3) The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is in the range of 50Ah to 300Ah.

[0338] In applications, the rigid housing can be any of aluminum, steel, or titanium. Optionally, a rigid housing with a higher yield strength is selected.

[0339] The positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 30Ah~80Ah, 80Ah~130Ah, 130Ah~200Ah, etc. Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 30Ah, 50Ah, 80Ah, 100Ah, 150Ah, or 200Ah, etc. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) possesses a stable olivine structure with minimal structural changes during charge and discharge. This allows lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to withstand multiple charge-discharge cycles while maintaining good performance, thus extending their lifespan. Furthermore, LFP exhibits excellent thermal stability, making it less prone to thermal runaway and other safety issues at high temperatures. Even under extreme conditions such as short circuits, overcharges, compression, and punctures, it remains relatively stable, reducing safety risks during the use of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. In addition, LFP materials are free of heavy and rare metals, have abundant raw material sources, and relatively low costs, making them both economically viable and environmentally friendly.

[0340] The positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The rated capacity of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 50Ah–100Ah, 100Ah–150Ah, 150Ah–200Ah, 200Ah–300Ah, etc. Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The rated capacity of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 50Ah, 80Ah, 100Ah, 150Ah, 200Ah, or 250Ah, etc. Lithium iron phosphate has good safety, long cycle life, stable charge / discharge platform, high energy density, and good safety and cycle performance. Lithium-containing transition metal oxides have high specific capacity, voltage platform, and energy density. Therefore, combining these materials can achieve complementary advantages in energy density, safety, and cycle life, meeting the diverse performance requirements of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells in different application scenarios.

[0341] Specifically, the positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The rated capacity of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 50Ah, 100Ah, 150Ah, 200Ah, 250Ah, or 300Ah, etc. Lithium-containing transition metal oxides have high specific capacity and voltage plateau, enabling lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to store more electrical energy per unit mass and volume, thereby achieving high energy density.

[0342] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell has high specific energy and can store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the battery system's range.

[0343] In some embodiments, when the casing of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is between 10Ah and 80Ah.

[0344] When the casing of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 10Ah~40Ah, 40Ah~80Ah, etc. Specifically, when the casing of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 10Ah, 20Ah, 40Ah, 60Ah, or 80Ah, etc.

[0345] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the aluminum-plastic film packaging can reduce the risk of explosion and enable the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to meet high power requirements. At the same time, the lightweight nature of the aluminum-plastic film packaging can reduce the burden on users, thereby enabling the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells to achieve higher energy density, have high specific energy, and store a lot of electrical energy, thus improving the battery system's efficiency and range.

[0346] In some embodiments, when the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is between 15Ah and 50Ah.

[0347] The rated capacity of a single lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 15Ah–20Ah, 20Ah–30Ah, 30Ah–40Ah, 40Ah–50Ah, etc. Specifically, when the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a cylindrical cell, its rated capacity can be 15Ah, 25Ah, 45Ah, 45Ah, or 50Ah, etc.

[0348] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the cylindrical structure of the cylindrical battery results in a large specific surface area, which allows for better heat dissipation during charging and discharging. This helps maintain the performance stability of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell and reduces safety hazards caused by overheating. Simultaneously, the cylindrical metal casing has strong compressive strength and is not easily deformed by external forces during use, effectively protecting internal components such as electrodes and electrolytes, ensuring the safety and reliability of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell. Furthermore, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can achieve high energy density, has high specific energy, and can store a significant amount of electrical energy, thereby improving the battery system's efficiency and range.

[0349] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode includes a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector meets at least one of the following conditions: (1) the material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil; (2) the thickness of the current collector is in the range of 3μm to 8μm;

[0350] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm; (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is in the range of 400 MPa to 1600 MPa; (5) At least one side of the current collector is provided with a lithium metal layer, optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3 μm to 30 μm, and further optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5 μm to 25 μm.

[0351] Specifically, carbon-based materials provide excellent electron conduction pathways, facilitating the insertion and extraction of lithium ions. Furthermore, some carbon-based materials possess high specific surface areas and abundant porous structures, which are beneficial for lithium ion storage and rapid transport. In addition, carbon-based materials such as hard carbon and graphene can form stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films when in contact with electrolytes, contributing to improved cycle stability and safety of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. Metal foils possess excellent conductivity and mechanical properties, effectively collecting and transporting electrons to ensure normal charge and discharge of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. Simultaneously, metal foils have good contact with active materials, facilitating rapid lithium ion transfer between electrodes and current collectors. Moreover, metal foils exhibit high chemical stability, remaining stable in the battery's operating environment and resistant to corrosion and other chemical reactions, thus ensuring the performance and lifespan of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells.

[0352] The thickness of the current collector can be 3μm–4μm, 4μm–5μm, 5μm–6μm, 6μm–7μm, 7μm–8μm, etc. Specifically, the thickness of the current collector can be 3μm, 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, or 8μm. This allows a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell to pack more negative electrode active material that can participate in the electrochemical reaction within limited volume and weight constraints, thereby effectively improving the energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell. At the same time, a current collector of suitable thickness is conducive to uniform lithium-ion deposition and reduces the probability of lithium dendrite formation.

[0353] The surface roughness of the current collector can be less than or equal to 0.1 μm, less than or equal to 0.2 μm, etc. Specifically, the surface roughness of the current collector can be 0.1 μm, 0.2 μm, or b.3 μm, etc. A smoother current collector surface allows the negative electrode active material to be more evenly distributed on its surface during the coating process. The smooth current collector surface also ensures a tighter contact with the negative electrode active material, effectively reducing the interfacial resistance between them. Furthermore, the smooth current collector surface helps guide the uniform deposition of lithium ions onto the active material, reducing the possibility of lithium ion aggregation and the formation of lithium dendrites.

[0354] The tensile strength of the current collector can be 400MPa–700MPa, 700MPa–1000MPa, 1000MPa–1300MPa, 1300MPa–1600MPa, etc. Specifically, the tensile strength of the current collector can be 400MPa, 700MPa, 900MPa, 1200MPa, or 1600MPa. During the charging and discharging process of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, the negative electrode active material will experience expansion and contraction stress due to volume changes. Therefore, the current collector in the negative electrode sheet must have sufficient tensile strength to withstand these stresses, preventing deformation and cracking of the current collector due to volume changes of the negative electrode active material, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and performance stability of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell. At the same time, a current collector with suitable tensile strength can maintain good flatness and stability, which helps guide the uniform deposition of lithium ions, reduces the possibility of lithium dendrite formation, and improves the safety and cycle life of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell.

[0355] Specifically, the thickness of the lithium metal layer can be 5μm, 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, or 25μm, etc. A lithium metal layer of suitable thickness can provide sufficient lithium source to ensure the smooth insertion and extraction of lithium ions during the charging and discharging process of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell; at the same time, it reduces the weight and space of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell, significantly improving the energy density; furthermore, it allows lithium ions to be more evenly distributed on the current collector surface during deposition, avoiding the formation of lithium dendrites due to excessively high local lithium ion concentration; in addition, it can maintain the stability of the electrode structure while ensuring the supply of lithium source, so that the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can still maintain good performance after multiple cycles.

[0356] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can achieve high energy density and high specific energy, and can also store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the battery system's efficiency and range.

[0357] In some embodiments, the positive electrode of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell meets at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the positive active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is 0.2g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Within the range; (2). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the single-side coating weight of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is within 0.25g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2Within the range; (3). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is within 0.3g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Within the range.

[0358] When the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode includes lithium iron phosphate, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode can be 0.2g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.25g / 1540.25mm 2 0.25g / 1540.25mm 2 ~0.3g / 1540.25mm 2 0.3g / 1540.25mm 2 ~0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Specifically, when the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrode cell includes lithium iron phosphate, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrode cell can be 0.2g / 1540.25mm. 2 0.25g / 1540.25mm 2 0.3g / 1540.25mm 2 0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 Or 0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 When the positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, keeping the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode within the above range is beneficial to further improve the cycle life of the lithium iron phosphate electrodeless battery cell while also ensuring a high energy density.

[0359] The positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be 0.25g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.3g / 1540.25mm 2 0.3g / 1540.25mm 2 ~0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell can be 0.25g / 1540.25mm. 2 0.28g / 1540.25mm 2 0.30g / 1540.25mm 2 0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 Or 0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 When the positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes at least two of the above-mentioned materials, keeping the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet within the above-mentioned range is beneficial to further improve the cycle life of the electrodeless battery cell while also ensuring a higher energy density.

[0360] The positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes a lithium-containing transition metal oxide. The coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell can be 0.3g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 0.35g / 1540.25mm 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer of a lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes a lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell can be 0.3g / 1540.25mm. 2 0.32g / 1540.25mm 2 0.34g / 1540.25mm 2 0.36g / 1540.25mm 2 0.38g / 1540.25mm 2 Or 0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 When the positive electrode active material of a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxides, keeping the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet within the above-mentioned range is beneficial to further improve the cycle life of the electrodeless battery cell while also ensuring a higher energy density.

[0361] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can achieve high energy density and high specific energy, and can also store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the battery system's efficiency and range.

[0362] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell contains a liquid electrolyte containing an ether solvent, optionally including at least one of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,2-dimethoxypropane; and / or, the liquid electrolyte contains a lithium salt, including LiFSI or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), further optionally including LiFSI; and / or, the liquid electrolyte contains 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE).

[0363] Among them, ether solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,2-dimethoxypropane can effectively dissolve lithium salts, causing lithium salts to dissociate into lithium ions. This provides a good medium for the transport of lithium ions between lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, improves ion conductivity, and helps to improve the charge and discharge efficiency and rate performance of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells.

[0364] Lithium salts such as LiFSI and LiTFSI dissociate into lithium ions in liquid electrolytes, providing a carrier for lithium ion transport during the charging and discharging process of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, and improving the cycle stability and safety of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells.

[0365] TTE can effectively dissolve lithium salts and promote the dissociation of lithium salts into lithium ions in the liquid electrolyte, providing a good medium for lithium ion transport, improving the ion conductivity of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, and helping to improve the charge and discharge efficiency and rate performance of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells. In addition, TTE can also participate in the formation of a stable SEI film on the electrode surface, which is beneficial to improving the cycle life of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells.

[0366] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can achieve high energy density and high specific energy, and can also store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the battery system's efficiency and range.

[0367] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell meets at least one of the following conditions: (1) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C within an 80% depth of discharge range, and has a cycle life greater than or equal to 100 cycles; optionally, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C within an 80% depth of discharge range, and has a cycle life of 150 to 400 cycles; (2) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C within a 50% depth of discharge range, and has a cycle life of 100 to 400 cycles. The cycle life is greater than or equal to 200 cycles; optionally, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a 50% depth of discharge range, and the cycle life can be 200 to 550 cycles; (3). The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a 30% depth of discharge range, and the cycle life is greater than or equal to 400 cycles; optionally, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a 30% depth of discharge range, and the cycle life can be greater than or equal to 550 cycles.

[0368] For example, a lithium-ion electrodeless battery, charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C within an 80% depth of discharge range, can have a cycle life of 150-200 cycles, 200-250 cycles, 250-300 cycles, 350-400 cycles, etc. Specifically, a lithium-ion electrodeless battery, charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C within an 80% depth of discharge range, can have a cycle life of 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400 cycles, etc.

[0369] For example, a lithium-ion electrodeless battery, charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C within an 80% depth of discharge range, can have a cycle life of 200-250 cycles, 250-300 cycles, 300-350 cycles, 350-400 cycles, 400-450 cycles, 450-500 cycles, 500-550 cycles, etc. Specifically, a lithium-ion electrodeless battery, charged and discharged at 25°C with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C within a 50% depth of discharge range, can have a cycle life of 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, or 550 cycles, etc.

[0370] Specifically, for lithium-ion batteries without negative electrodes, at 25°C, with a charge rate of 0.2C / discharge rate of 1C, and within a discharge depth range of 30%, the cycle life can be 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, or 800 cycles, etc.

[0371] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can achieve high energy density and high specific energy, and can also store a lot of electrical energy, thereby improving the battery system's efficiency and range.

[0372] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell has one or more elastomeric buffer pads in a large area between the casing and the electrode assembly, and the thickness of the elastomeric buffer pads is in the range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm; preferably, the thickness of the elastomeric buffer pads is in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

[0373] In applications, the aforementioned elastomeric cushioning pads may include aerogel pads, etc.

[0374] For example, the thickness of the elastomeric buffer pad can be 0.5mm–1mm, 1mm–2mm, 2mm–3mm, 3mm–4mm, 4mm–5mm, etc. Specifically, the thickness of the elastomeric buffer pad can be 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, or 5mm, etc. An appropriate thickness of the elastomeric buffer pad can provide excellent cushioning and protection, effectively absorbing external forces and coping with volume changes in the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell; at the same time, it will not occupy too much internal space of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell, nor will it significantly increase the overall volume and weight of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell, which is beneficial for the miniaturization and lightweight design of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell.

[0375] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the elastomeric buffer pad can effectively absorb and disperse certain external forces and provide a certain space buffer for certain volume changes, thereby alleviating expansion forces and protecting the internal structure and electrode materials of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell from damage, thus improving the safety and reliability of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell.

[0376] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0377] The battery system also includes:

[0378] A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the first battery pack;

[0379] The controller is used to control the heating system to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state.

[0380] The battery system is used to connect the first load;

[0381] The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected, and the second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load.

[0382] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the first battery pack is in a charging state.

[0383] Optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to 45-70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to 50-65°C.

[0384] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0385] The battery system also includes:

[0386] The controller is used to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in charging condition.

[0387] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 5C when the first battery pack is in a charging condition.

[0388] Optionally, the first multiplier is ≤0.2C.

[0389] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes at least one third battery pack, which is a low-voltage battery module; optionally, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module is less than or equal to 60V; further optionally, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module includes one or more of 12V, 24V, 36V or 48V.

[0390] Primary batteries include one or more of the following: lithium primary batteries, zinc-manganese dry cell batteries, silver-zinc batteries, lithium iron batteries, and fuel cells. The arrangement of the three battery packs is not limited. As an example, the first and second battery packs are in the same battery pack, while the third battery pack can be in the same pack or a different pack. Such a battery system can be a dual-pack, low-voltage module battery system, thus better adapting to changes in application scenarios. Optionally, the third battery pack is preferably placed at the rear of the electrical device to ensure a higher level of safety for the battery system.

[0391] In some embodiments, the third battery pack is electrically connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively via a voltage conversion circuit, and the third battery pack discharges to the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack through a voltage conversion module; and / or,

[0392] The third battery pack is electrically connected to the first and second battery packs respectively via a voltage conversion module. The first and / or second battery packs discharge the third battery pack through the voltage conversion module. The third battery pack is also electrically connected to the first and second battery packs respectively via a voltage conversion circuit. The voltage conversion circuit is used to boost the voltage of the third battery pack and to charge the first or second battery pack.

[0393] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, by enabling the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the third battery pack to supplement each other's energy, it is beneficial to further extend the overall service life of the battery system, thereby further extending the driving range.

[0394] In some embodiments, the third battery pack is electrically connected to the voltage conversion circuit, the third battery pack is electrically connected to the voltage conversion module, and the third battery pack supplies power to the load through the voltage conversion module.

[0395] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the third battery pack can be used as a backup power source under certain circumstances. Even if the first and second battery packs have problems, the third battery pack can maintain the battery life for a period of time, making the battery system reliable and safe.

[0396] Battery pack

[0397] I. The battery system and capacity of Examples 1-10 are shown in Table 1 below.

[0398] Table 1

[0399] It should be noted that in Table 1: NCM represents lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode material, LFP represents lithium iron phosphate, LMFP represents lithium manganese iron phosphate; Na-electrode represents battery system with sodium ions as active ions; AFB represents battery system without a negative electrode.

[0400] The preparation and testing methods for battery cells 1-10 in Table 1 can be found in the last part of the instruction manual.

[0401] Electrical appliances

[0402] This application provides an electrical device. The electrical device of this application includes the battery system provided in the first aspect of the embodiment.

[0403] The power device in this application uses the battery system of this application. Based on the fact that the battery system of this application includes two sets of uniquely connected battery packs, the power device using the battery system can better extend its driving range under various scenarios.

[0404] This application provides an electrical device including the aforementioned battery system. This electrical device can be an electric vehicle, such as an electric vehicle, electric ship, electric spacecraft, etc. The electric vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, etc. According to the drive method, the vehicle can be a front-wheel drive vehicle, a rear-wheel drive vehicle, or a four-wheel drive vehicle. The vehicle body is mounted on a chassis, and the chassis integrates an electric drive system. The electric drive system includes a battery system, a motor, and a motor controller. The battery system can serve as a drive power source to power the motor.

[0405] Electric vehicles mainly consist of a chassis, body, powertrain, and electrical system. The chassis includes, but is not limited to, the suspension, steering, braking, and transmission systems, and primarily functions to support the vehicle body, transmit power, and control the vehicle's driving posture. The body is the vehicle's outer shell, providing passenger space and protecting passenger safety; its design emphasizes lightweight construction and aerodynamics.

[0406] The power system includes the battery (battery system), drive motor, and motor controller. The battery stores electrical energy and provides power to the vehicle; the drive motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. The motor controller coordinates the efficient operation of the battery system and the motor, including energy management, power distribution, and system protection.

[0407] The electrical system includes various electronic devices and control systems, such as battery management systems, on-board chargers, air conditioning systems, lighting systems, and vehicle control systems, to monitor, control, and coordinate the various functions of the vehicle.

[0408] The basic architecture of an electric vehicle's power supply system mainly consists of a battery system, a charging system, a DC / DC converter, and electrical loads. The battery system is the core power source. The charging system includes AC and DC charging interfaces, allowing connection to an external power source to charge the battery system. At least most of the high-voltage DC output from the battery system is converted to three-phase AC power by the motor controller (inverter) to power the drive motor, which then drives the vehicle according to its driving needs. A small portion of the high-voltage DC output from the battery system is converted to low-voltage DC power by the DC / DC converter to power the vehicle's low-voltage electrical systems, such as the onboard computer, instrument panel, lights, and audio system. It also charges the vehicle's independently configured low-voltage (e.g., 12V, 24V, 36V, 48V) auxiliary battery to maintain its charge and ensure the stable operation of the vehicle's low-voltage equipment.

[0409] In addition, the power supply system also includes a battery management system, which monitors the battery status in real time, such as voltage, current, and temperature, and performs power management, charge and discharge control, and safety protection to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery.

[0410] The electric vehicle provided in this application embodiment uses the battery system provided in the above embodiment. The first and second battery packs in this battery system have different chemical compositions, with the second battery pack's second battery cells having a higher energy density. This not only reduces application costs but also improves the battery system's range. Simultaneously, the first and second battery packs are electrically connected via a voltage conversion circuit, allowing the higher-energy-density second battery pack to charge and replenish the first battery pack. This facilitates seamless switching between different modes and extends the overall lifespan of the battery system. Therefore, the electric vehicle in this application embodiment has a long driving range.

[0411] Electrical components of the battery system

[0412] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load; a first battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load; a second battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load.

[0413] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a voltage conversion circuit, and the load includes a first load and a second load; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0414] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a voltage conversion circuit, and the load includes a first load and a second load; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0415] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0416] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.

[0417] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes;

[0418] The first switch is connected to the first battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit;

[0419] The second switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack's connection to the power supply circuit.

[0420] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0421] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes:

[0422] The third switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

[0423] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0424] A switching circuit, connected to the first and second battery packs, is used to control the first and second battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.

[0425] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch;

[0426] The fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0427] The fifth switch is connected to the first and second battery packs and is used to control the first and second battery packs to be connected in parallel.

[0428] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0429] A voltage conversion circuit connects the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the second battery pack is also used to supply power to the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0430] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is also used to charge the second battery pack via a voltage conversion circuit.

[0431] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0432] A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0433] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;

[0434] The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively;

[0435] The first battery pack charges the second battery pack via a first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack via the first voltage conversion device.

[0436] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a controller connected to a voltage conversion circuit, the controller being configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state;

[0437] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0438] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0439] (2). When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0440] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0441] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and control the first battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load;

[0442] The second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states:

[0443] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than 30%;

[0444] (2). When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0445] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0446] In some embodiments, including:

[0447] The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode.

[0448] A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the first battery pack;

[0449] The controller is used to control the heating system to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state.

[0450] The battery system is used to connect the first load;

[0451] The battery system also includes a second battery pack, which is connected to the first battery pack. The second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load.

[0452] In some embodiments, the battery system includes:

[0453] A first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0454] A voltage conversion circuit is connected to the second battery pack;

[0455] The controller is used to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in charging condition.

[0456] In some embodiments, the system further includes a voltage conversion circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, wherein the first battery pack is also used to charge the second battery pack via the voltage conversion circuit.

[0457] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, for controlling the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0458] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;

[0459] The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively;

[0460] The first battery pack charges the second battery pack via a first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack via the first voltage conversion device.

[0461] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a controller, which is also configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state.

[0462] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0463] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0464] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0465] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0466] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and control the first battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load;

[0467] The second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states:

[0468] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than 30%;

[0469] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0470] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0471] The battery system disclosed in this application is applicable to various electrical devices that use battery systems, and can be used to form the power system of an electrical device. Electrical devices include mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0472] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device.

[0473] Referring to Figure 1, vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery system 1100 is installed inside vehicle 1000, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of vehicle 1000. The battery system 1100 can be used to power vehicle 1000; for example, it can serve as the operating power source for vehicle 1000. Vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 1200 and a motor 1300. The controller 1200 controls the battery system 1100 to supply power to the motor 1300, for example, to meet the power needs of vehicle 1000 during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0474] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system 1100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0475] This application provides an electrical device including the aforementioned battery system. This electrical device can be an electric vehicle, such as an electric vehicle, electric ship, electric spacecraft, etc. The electric vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, etc. According to the drive method, the vehicle can be a front-wheel drive vehicle, a rear-wheel drive vehicle, or a four-wheel drive vehicle. The vehicle body is mounted on a chassis, and the chassis integrates an electric drive system. The electric drive system includes a battery system, a motor, and a motor controller. The battery system can serve as a drive power source to power the motor.

[0476] Electric vehicles mainly consist of a chassis, body, powertrain, and electrical system. The chassis includes, but is not limited to, the suspension, steering, braking, and transmission systems, and primarily functions to support the vehicle body, transmit power, and control the vehicle's driving posture. The body is the vehicle's outer shell, providing passenger space and protecting passenger safety; its design emphasizes lightweight construction and aerodynamics.

[0477] The power system includes the battery (battery system), drive motor, and motor controller. The battery stores electrical energy and provides power to the vehicle; the drive motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. The motor controller coordinates the efficient operation of the battery system and the motor, including energy management, power distribution, and system protection.

[0478] The electrical system includes various electronic devices and control systems, such as battery management systems, on-board chargers, air conditioning systems, lighting systems, and vehicle control systems, to monitor, control, and coordinate the various functions of the vehicle.

[0479] The basic architecture of an electric vehicle's power supply system mainly consists of a battery system, a charging system, a DC / DC converter, and electrical loads. The battery system is the core power source. The charging system includes AC and DC charging interfaces, allowing connection to an external power source to charge the battery system. At least most of the high-voltage DC output from the battery system is converted to three-phase AC power by the motor controller (inverter) to power the drive motor, which then drives the vehicle according to its driving needs. A small portion of the high-voltage DC output from the battery system is converted to low-voltage DC power by the DC / DC converter to power the vehicle's low-voltage electrical systems, such as the onboard computer, instrument panel, lights, and audio system. It also charges the vehicle's independently configured low-voltage (e.g., 12V, 24V) auxiliary battery to maintain its charge and ensure the stable operation of the vehicle's low-voltage equipment.

[0480] In addition, the power supply system also includes a battery management system, which monitors the battery status in real time, such as voltage, current, and temperature, and performs power management, charge and discharge control, and safety protection to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery.

[0481] As shown in Figure 2, the battery system 1100 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs 1001, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack 1001 may include multiple individual battery cells 1002, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0482] In some embodiments, the battery pack 1001 is typically formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells 1002.

[0483] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells 1002 into an independent module. As an example, the battery module can be formed by binding multiple battery cells 1002 together with cable ties.

[0484] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 further includes a housing 100 in which the battery pack 1001 is housed.

[0485] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing 100 by fixing the battery module in the housing 100.

[0486] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can also be housed in the housing 100 by directly fixing multiple battery cells 1002 to the housing 100.

[0487] As an example, the housing 100 may include a first housing 110 and a second housing 120. The first housing 110 and the second housing 120 are fastened together to form a closed space inside the housing 100 to house the battery pack 1001. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first housing 110 may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0488] As an example, the housing 100 may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and the bottom plate are respectively connected to the frame, so that the interior of the housing 100 forms an enclosed space to accommodate the battery pack 1001.

[0489] In some embodiments, the housing 100 may be part of the chassis structure of the vehicle 1000. For example, a portion of the housing 100 may be at least a portion of the floor of the vehicle 1000, or a portion of the housing 100 may be at least a portion of the crossbeams and longitudinal beams of the vehicle 1000.

[0490] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 may refer to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. The energy storage device may include an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, etc.

[0491] In some embodiments, the battery cell 1002 can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell 1002 that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after being discharged. The battery cell 1002 can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0492] In some embodiments, the battery system may be a single battery pack or an architecture consisting of multiple battery packs. The battery pack may be a group of battery cells connected in series and / or parallel, or it may be an independent battery pack that includes groups of battery cells.

[0493] In some embodiments, one or more battery packs in the battery system are configured to be removable and / or replaceable.

[0494] In some embodiments, the battery pack may be replaced with the same or different battery packs, including but not limited to different battery packs in terms of voltage, capacity, energy density, and at least one of the chemical systems.

[0495] In some embodiments, multiple battery cells in a battery pack may be the same or different. Different battery cells include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: voltage, capacity, energy density, and chemical system.

[0496] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the battery system 1100 is used to supply power to the load 900. The battery system 1100 includes a housing 100, a first battery pack 300, and a second battery pack 400. The housing 100 has an output interface 700 for connecting to the power supply circuit of the load 900. The first battery pack 300 is located inside the housing 100 and includes a plurality of first battery cells 310. The plurality of first battery cells 310 are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal 320. The second battery pack 400 is located inside the housing 100 and includes a plurality of second battery cells 410. The plurality of second battery cells 410 are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal 420. The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the output interface 700. Both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to be able to connect and disconnect from the load 900.

[0497] In some examples, the first battery pack 300 includes one or more battery packs 1001 as described above, and the second battery pack 400 includes one or more battery packs 1001 as described above. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 include different battery packs 1001. The first battery cell 310 may refer to the battery cell 1002 in the first battery pack 300, and the second battery cell 410 may refer to the battery cell 1002 in the second battery pack 400.

[0498] The multiple first battery cells 310 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load 900. In this way, multiple smaller first battery cells 310 are combined into a first battery pack 300 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system 1100.

[0499] In some examples, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 may be of the same type of battery cell 1002 or of different types of battery cells 1002.

[0500] As an example, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also be connected to form a battery module, with some battery cells 1002 in the battery module forming the first battery pack 300 and other battery cells 1002 in the battery module forming the second battery pack 400.

[0501] The first main terminal 320 is a common connection point formed by the interconnection of multiple first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300. It is used to connect the first battery pack 300 to the output interface 700 to realize the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The positive interface 1003 and the negative interface 1004 of the first battery pack 300 form the first main terminal 320. The positive interface 1003 and the second negative interface 1004 of the first battery pack 300 can be electrically connected to the output interface 700 through wires, terminals, or other components to supply power to the load 900.

[0502] In some examples, the busbar connects multiple first battery cells 310 together to form a unified output terminal, which is the first total output terminal. As an example, the busbar can be a busbar structure, a strip-shaped structure made of a metal with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. It can connect the electrode terminals of multiple first battery cells 310 together to form a unified output terminal. Busbars can effectively reduce resistance, decrease power loss, and facilitate installation and maintenance.

[0503] The multiple second battery cells 410 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load 900. In this way, multiple smaller second battery cells 410 are combined into a second battery pack 400 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system 1100.

[0504] The second main terminal 420 is a common connection point formed by the interconnection of multiple second battery cells 410 in the second battery pack 400. It is used to connect the second battery pack 400 to the output interface 700 to realize the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 form the second main terminal 420. The positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 can be electrically connected to the output interface 700 through wires, terminals, or other components to supply power to the load 900.

[0505] In some examples, the busbar connects multiple second battery cells 410 together to form a unified output terminal, which is the second total output terminal. As an example, the busbar can be a busbar structure, a strip-shaped structure made of a metal with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. It can connect the electrode terminals of multiple second battery cells 410 together to form a unified output terminal. Busbars effectively reduce resistance, minimize power loss, and facilitate installation and maintenance.

[0506] The power supply circuit of load 900 can refer to the power supply circuit of load 900. The output interface 700 is connected to the power supply circuit of load 900, and the battery system 1100 can supply power to load 900.

[0507] The output interface 700 can refer to the electrical connection interface provided on the housing 100. The output interface 700 is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the output interface 700 is connected to the power supply circuit of the load 900, so that the electrical energy of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be output to the load 900 to supply power to the load 900. The output interface 700 is also a connection bridge between the battery system 1100 and the load 900, and has the function of realizing electrical energy transmission.

[0508] In some examples, the output interface 700 may include one or more connectors, and the number of loads 900 may be one or more. Multiple loads 900 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 through a single connector, or multiple loads 900 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 through multiple connectors. Connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc. Loads 900 may be, but are not limited to, motors, air conditioners, compressors, batteries, etc.

[0509] Both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to connect and disconnect from the load 900. This means that when the first main terminal 320 is connected to the load 900, the first battery pack 300 can supply power to the load 900; when the first main terminal 320 is disconnected from the load 900, the first battery pack 300 and the load 900 are in an open circuit state, and the first battery pack 300 cannot supply power to the load 900. Similarly, when the second main terminal 420 is connected to the load 900, the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the load 900; when the second main terminal 420 is disconnected from the load 900, the second battery pack 400 and the load 900 are in an open circuit state, and the second battery pack 400 cannot supply power to the load 900.

[0510] In some examples, the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900 can be achieved by a switch, and the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900 can also be achieved by a switch.

[0511] As an example, referring to Figure 4, the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the load 900, respectively. At least one of the circuits connecting the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the load 900 and the circuits connecting the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 and the negative terminal 1004 of the load 900 is provided with an on / off switch K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900. The positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the load 900, respectively. At least one of the circuits connecting the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 and the positive terminal 1003 of the load 900 and the circuits connecting the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the load 900 is provided with an on / off switch K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900.

[0512] In some embodiments, referring to FIG4a), the on / off switch K1 may be disposed between the output interface 700 and the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420.

[0513] In some embodiments, referring to FIG4b), the on / off switch K1 may also be disposed between the output interface 700 and the load 900; it is understood that in some embodiments, a portion of the on / off switch K1 is disposed between the output interface 700 and the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420, and another portion is disposed between the output interface 700 and the load 900.

[0514] In some examples, referring to Figure 5, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the load 900. The parallel branch of the first battery pack 300 is provided with one or more on / off switches K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900. The parallel branch of the second battery pack 400 is provided with one or more on / off switches K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900.

[0515] As an example, referring to Figure 6c), the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series and electrically connected to the load 900. A switch K1 is connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. This controls the series and parallel connection of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, as well as the individual power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0516] As an example, referring to Figure 6d), the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series and electrically connected to the load 900. A switch K1 is connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. The negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700 respectively through a single-pole double-throw switch K5, thereby controlling the series and parallel connection of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, as well as the individual power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0517] In this embodiment of the battery system 1100, during use, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the load 900 through the output interface 700. Furthermore, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to connect and disconnect from the load 900. When the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the first main terminal 320 can be disconnected from the load 900, while the second main terminal 420 is connected to the load 900, switching to independent power supply from the second battery pack 400 to the load 900. Similarly, when the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the first battery pack 300 can also independently supply power to the load 900. This ensures that if one of the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the other can continue to supply power, allowing the load 900 to operate. This improves the reliability and stability of the entire battery system 1100 and solves the problem that the device cannot continue to be used when one battery pack 1001 malfunctions.

[0518] In some embodiments, the load 900 includes a first load 910, the output interface 700 includes a first output interface 710 for connecting the power supply circuit of the first load 910, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first output interface 710, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are both able to provide a first voltage to the first load 910, the first voltage range being greater than or equal to 150V.

[0519] The first load 910 can refer to a load 900 whose supply voltage is the first voltage; the first voltage is greater than or equal to 150V, and the first voltage can be any value above 150V; for example, the first voltage can be, but is not limited to, 150V, 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 1000V, and 1500V.

[0520] As an example, in vehicle 1000, load 900 is divided into high-voltage load and low-voltage load. The high-voltage load may include at least one of the vehicle 1000's front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system can be used to drive the front wheels of vehicle 1000 forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system can be used to drive the rear wheels of vehicle 1000 forward, backward, and steer. The low-voltage load includes the vehicle 1000's electronic control system, onboard refrigerator, onboard air conditioner, and 12V / 48V battery. The low-voltage load can be referred to as the second load 920, and the supply voltage of the second load 920 is the second voltage.

[0521] The power supply circuit of the first load 910 can refer to the power supply circuit of the first load 910. The first output interface 710 is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910. The battery system 1100 can supply power to the first load 910.

[0522] The first output interface 710 can refer to the interface in the output interface 700 used for electrical connection with the first load 910. The first output interface 710 is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the first output interface 710 is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can output to the first load 910 to provide a first voltage.

[0523] In some examples, the first output interface 710 may include one or more connectors, and the number of first loads 910 may be one or more. Multiple first loads 910 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 via a single connector, or multiple first loads 910 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 via multiple connectors. The connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc.

[0524] Both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910. It can be understood that when the first main terminal 320 is connected to the first load 910, the first battery pack 300 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, and the first load 910 can operate; when the second main terminal 420 is connected to the second load 920, the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the second load 920, and the second load 920 can operate.

[0525] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. When one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the other can provide the first voltage to the first load 910, improving the reliability and stability of the battery system 1100, enabling the first load 910 to continue to operate stably, and reducing the downtime of the electrical device caused by the malfunction of the battery system 1100.

[0526] In some embodiments, referring to FIG7, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 provide a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second power supply circuit 250.

[0527] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first load 910 via a switch module 210, which is configured to enable at least one of the following power supply modes:

[0528] Power supply mode 1: Switch from power supply state (1) to power supply state (2);

[0529] Power supply mode 2: Switch from power supply state (1) to power supply state (3);

[0530] Power supply mode 3: Switching from power supply state (1) to power supply state (2) and switching from power supply state (1) to power supply state (3);

[0531] Power supply mode 4: Switching between power supply state (2) and power supply state (3);

[0532] Power supply mode 5: Switch from power supply state (4) to power supply state (5);

[0533] Power supply mode 6: Switch from power supply state (4) to power supply state (6);

[0534] Power supply mode 7: Switching between power supply state (1) and power supply state (4);

[0535] In the power supply state (1), the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel to supply power to the first load 910;

[0536] Power supply state (2): The first battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 is disconnected from the first load 910;

[0537] Power supply status (3): The second battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 300 is disconnected from the first load 910;

[0538] Power supply status (4): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to supply power to the first load 910;

[0539] Power supply status (5): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the first battery pack 300 and the first load 910.

[0540] Power supply status (6): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910.

[0541] The switch module 210 can refer to a module used to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the first load 910, and between the second main terminal 420 and the first load 910. By controlling the switch module 210, the connection and disconnection between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910 can be realized, thereby achieving multiple power supply modes.

[0542] Power supply state (1): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel to supply power to the first load 910. When connected in parallel, the total voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 remains unchanged, but the total current of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 will increase, which can provide a larger current to the first load 910. This is suitable for scenarios that require a large current output, such as when the first load 910 needs a large power at the moment of startup or when the vehicle is climbing a hill at 1000 km / h. This power supply state can also be used as the normal power supply state.

[0543] Power supply state (2): The first battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 is disconnected from the first load 910. When the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, requires maintenance, or has low power, it can be switched to this state, and the first load 910 can be powered by the first battery pack 300 and continue to operate; this power supply state can also be used as normal power supply, in which case the second battery pack 400 serves as a backup power source, or the second battery pack 400 replenishes power to the first battery pack 300.

[0544] Power supply state (3): The second battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 300 is disconnected from the first load 910. Similar to power supply state (2), when the first battery pack 300 has a problem, the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910 alone; this power supply state can also be used as normal power supply, in which case the first battery pack 300 acts as a backup power source, or the first battery pack 300 replenishes power to the second battery pack 400.

[0545] Power supply state (4): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to supply power to the first load 910. When connected in series, the total voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 will increase, which can provide a higher voltage to the first load 910.

[0546] Power supply state (5): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the first battery pack 300 and the first load 910. When the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, requires maintenance, or has low power, it can be switched to this state, and the first load 910 can be powered by the first battery pack 300 and continue to operate; this power supply state can also be used as normal power supply, in which case the second battery pack 400 serves as a backup power source, or the second battery pack 400 replenishes the power of the first battery pack 300.

[0547] Power supply state (6): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910. When the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, requires maintenance, or has low power, it can be switched to this state, and the first load 910 can be powered by the first battery pack 300 and continue to operate; this power supply state can also be used as normal power supply, in which case the first battery pack 300 serves as a backup power source, or the first battery pack 300 replenishes power for the second battery pack 400.

[0548] Power supply mode 1 switches from parallel power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to power supply of the first battery pack 300 alone; in this way, when the second battery pack 400 is abnormal, the parallel power supply can be disconnected and the power supply can be switched to the first battery pack 300. The first battery pack 300 serves as a backup battery for the second battery pack 400, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0549] Power supply mode 2 switches from parallel power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to power supply of the second battery pack 400 alone; in this way, when the first battery pack 300 is abnormal, the parallel power supply can be disconnected and the power supply can be switched to the second battery pack 400. The second battery pack 400 serves as a backup battery for the first battery pack 300, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0550] Power supply mode 3 encompasses the switching scenarios of the first two modes. When the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the parallel connection can be disconnected, and power can be switched to the first battery pack 300. Conversely, when the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the parallel power supply can be disconnected, and power can be switched to the second battery pack 400. The two battery packs 1001 serve as backup batteries for each other, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. Furthermore, the battery system 1100 can flexibly switch between these two power supply modes according to actual needs to meet different usage requirements.

[0551] Power supply mode 4: It realizes the mutual switching between power supply state (2) and power supply state (3), that is, it can flexibly switch between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 supplying power independently. In this way, when one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 cannot work properly, the other can continue to supply power to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0552] Power supply mode 5-6: Switches from the series power supply state of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to individual power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively. In this way, when either the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400 is abnormal, the series power supply state can be disconnected and switched to power supply only by the normal battery pack 1001, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. In addition, the power supply mode can be adjusted according to the voltage and current requirements of the first load 910.

[0553] Power supply mode 7: It realizes the switching between power supply state (1) and power supply state (4), that is, the switching between parallel power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and series power supply, so as to meet the different voltage and current requirements of the first load 910 in different working stages.

[0554] In some examples, the switch module 210 may adopt the structure of the on / off switch K1 described above, as well as the structure of the on / off switch K1 and the single-pole double-throw switch K5.

[0555] In some examples, referring to Figure 8, the switch module 210 includes a first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and a second single-pole double-throw switch K3, which are disposed between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. The following explanation assumes that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can output a 400V voltage.

[0556] Referring to Example a) in Figure 8, the contact 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the contact 5 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3 are connected. By controlling the connection of contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and contacts 1 and 5 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected in series, and an 800V voltage can be provided by the first output interface 710.

[0557] Referring to Example b) in Figure 8, in the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, by controlling the disconnection between contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the connection between contacts 1 and 2 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3, the second battery pack 400 can provide a voltage of 400V to the first output interface 710.

[0558] Referring to Example c) in Figure 8, in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, by controlling the disconnection between contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2, and connecting contacts 3 and 4 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2, the first battery pack 300 can provide a voltage of 400V to the first output interface 710.

[0559] Referring to Example d) in Figure 8, when the required voltage of the first output interface 710 is 400V, by controlling the disconnection between contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2, contact 3 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 is connected to its contact 4, and contact 1 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3 is connected to its contact 2, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected in parallel, and at the same time, a voltage of 400V can be provided to the first output interface 710.

[0560] In some examples, referring to Figure 9, the switch module 210 includes a third switch K11, a first switch K21, and a second switch K22. The third switch K11 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. The switching state of the third switch K11 is controlled by the battery information management component, which can control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series. The first switch K21 is connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the first output terminal 710. The second switch K22 is connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the first output terminal 710. The switching states of the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 are controlled by the battery information management component, which can control the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in parallel.

[0561] Power supply status (1): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is closed, the second switch K22 is closed, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel.

[0562] Power supply status (2): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is closed, the second switch K22 is open, the first battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 is disconnected from the first load 910.

[0563] Power supply status (3): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is open, the second switch K22 is closed, the second battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 300 is disconnected from the first load 910.

[0564] Power supply status (4): The third switch K11 is closed, the first switch K21 is open, the second switch K22 is open, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to supply power to the first load 910;

[0565] Power supply status (5): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is closed, and the second switch K22 is open, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the first battery pack 300 and the first load 910 are connected.

[0566] Power supply status (6): The third switch K11 is open, the first switch K21 is open, and the second switch K22 is closed, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910 are connected.

[0567] Power supply mode 1: Switching from power supply state (1) to power supply state (2) can be achieved by switching the second switch K22 from closed to open.

[0568] Power supply mode 2: Switching from power supply state (1) to power supply state (3) can be achieved by switching the first switch K21 from closed to open.

[0569] Power supply mode 4: The switching between power supply state (2) and power supply state (3) can be achieved by the opening and closing of the first switch K21 and the second switch K22.

[0570] Power supply mode 5: The switch from power supply state (4) to power supply state (5) can be achieved by switching the third switch K11 from closed to open and the first switch K21 from open to closed.

[0571] Power supply mode 6: The switch from power supply state (4) to power supply state (6) can be achieved by switching the third switch K11 from closed to open and the second switch K22 from open to closed.

[0572] Power supply mode 7: The switching between power supply state (1) and power supply state (4) can be achieved by the opening and closing of the third switch K11, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22.

[0573] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the switch module 210 can realize one or more power supply modes. It can flexibly adjust the power supply mode according to the power requirements of the first load 910 and the status of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 (such as power level, abnormal conditions, etc.), so as to ensure that the battery system 1100 can operate stably and efficiently under various conditions, improve energy utilization efficiency, and reduce the risk that the first load 910 cannot work properly due to the abnormality of the battery pack 1001.

[0574] In some implementations, referring to Figure 9, the switch module 210 includes a first switch K21 and a second switch K22. The first switch K21 is connected to the first main terminal 320 and is used to control the first battery pack 300 to be connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910. The second switch K22 is connected to the second main terminal 420 and is used to control the second battery pack 400 to be connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910.

[0575] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, a redundant power supply system with a load of 900 can be formed by opening and closing the first switch K21 and the second switch K22.

[0576] In some implementations, referring to Figure 9, the switch module 210 includes a third switch K11, which is connected to the first pole of the first main terminal 320 and the second pole of the second main terminal 420, for controlling the on / off state of the series circuit of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0577] The first pole of the first main terminal 320 and the second pole of the second main terminal 420 have different polarities.

[0578] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is controlled by the third switch K11, so as to facilitate the independent power supply of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in the future.

[0579] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the first battery pack 300 provides a first voltage to the first output interface 710 through a first power supply circuit 240 and a second voltage to the second output interface 720 through a second power supply circuit 250.

[0580] In some examples, the first power supply circuit 240 may include a main positive relay K43 and a main negative relay K41. The battery information management component controls the switching states of the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240.

[0581] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 is connected to the negative terminal 1004 of the first output terminal 710 via the first fuse F11. The current flowing through the first battery pack 300 can be detected by connecting the first fuse F11 and the first battery pack 300 in series. If the current flowing through the first battery pack 300 exceeds a preset current threshold, the first fuse F11 can blow to protect the safety of the battery system 1100.

[0582] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first output terminal 710 via the second fuse F12. By connecting the second fuse F12 and the second battery pack 400 in series, the current flowing through the second battery pack 400 can be detected. If the current flowing through the second battery pack 400 exceeds a preset current threshold, the second fuse F12 can blow to protect the safety of the battery system 1100.

[0583] In some examples, as shown in Figure 9, the battery system 1100 also includes a pre-charging circuit 531 and a DC charging circuit 532. The DC charging circuit 532 is connected between the pre-charging circuit 531 and the input interface 800. The pre-charging circuit 531 is connected in parallel with the main positive relay K43. When the input interface 800 is connected to a DC charging pile, the charging pile can charge the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 through the DC charging circuit 532 and the pre-charging circuit 531.

[0584] In some examples, the pre-charge circuit 531 includes a pre-charge switch K42 and a pre-charge resistor R41, which are connected in series and then in parallel with the main positive relay K43.

[0585] In some examples, the DC charging circuit 532 includes a positive charging relay K51 and a negative charging relay K52. The positive terminal of the input interface 800 is connected to the main positive relay K43 via the positive charging relay K51, and the negative terminal of the input interface 800 is connected to the main negative relay K41 via the negative charging relay K52.

[0586] In some examples, the battery information management component controls the switching states of the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to control the process of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 supplying power to the first output interface 710. The battery information management component controls the switching states of the charging positive relay K51 and the charging negative relay K52 to control the charging process of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0587] Referring to Figure 9, assuming the output voltage of both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is 400V, in driving mode, if both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are normal, the third switch K11 can be turned on, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 can be turned off, the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 can be turned on, and the charging positive relay K51 and the charging negative relay K52 can be turned off. The voltage of the first output interface 710 is 800V, so that the drive system operates with 800V as the working voltage, which meets the needs of high-voltage application scenarios within 1000V of the vehicle.

[0588] In some examples, if the first battery pack 300 malfunctions while the second battery pack 400 functions normally, the third switch K11 and the first switch K21 are disconnected, and the second switch K22 is turned on. The second battery pack 400 then supplies 400V to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power to the drive load 900 within the vehicle 1000, meeting the normal operation requirements of the drive system within the vehicle 1000 and improving the power supply stability of the battery system 1100.

[0589] If the second battery pack 400 malfunctions while the first battery pack 300 functions normally, the first switch K21 is turned on, and the second switch K22 and the third switch K11 are turned off. The first battery pack 300 then supplies 400V to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power to the drive load 900 within the vehicle 1000, meeting the normal operation requirements of the drive system within the vehicle 1000 and improving the power supply stability of the battery system 1100.

[0590] In charging mode, the battery system 1100 is compatible with 400V and 800V charging piles for charging. If the input interface 800 is connected to a 400V charging pile, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 are turned on, the third switch K11 is turned off, the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51 and the negative charging relay K52 are closed, and the input interface 800 charges the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by providing a 400V charging voltage to them.

[0591] If the input interface 800 is connected to an 800V charging pile, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 are open, the third switch K11 is closed, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The input interface 800 charges the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by providing an 800V charging voltage to them in series.

[0592] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220, which is used to convert the voltage of the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage.

[0593] The voltage at the first main terminal 320 is the output voltage of the first battery pack 300. The voltage at the second main terminal 420 is the output voltage of the second battery pack 400.

[0594] The first voltage conversion module 220 is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 differs from the first voltage required by the first load 910, the first voltage conversion module 220 is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the first voltage of the first load 910, the first voltage conversion module 220 may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the first voltage of the first load 910, it may perform a step-up operation. The first voltage conversion module 220 can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.

[0595] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the first load 910 via a first voltage conversion module 220, which converts the voltage at the first main terminal 320 into a first voltage. The voltage at the first main terminal 320 is not directly supplied to the first load 910, but is converted by the intermediate first voltage conversion module 220 before being supplied to the first load 910. This ensures that regardless of the voltage at the first main terminal 320, the first voltage conversion module 220 can convert it to the first voltage required by the first load 910, enabling the first load 910 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery system 1100. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load 910 from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the lifespan of the first load 910. Thus, regardless of whether the first battery pack 300 outputs multiple voltages, the first battery pack 300 can serve as a backup power source for the second battery pack 400, thereby forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0596] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first load 910 via a first voltage conversion module 220, which converts the voltage from the second main terminal 420 into a first voltage. The voltage from the second main terminal 420 is not directly supplied to the first load 910, but is converted by the intermediate first voltage conversion module 220 before being supplied to the first load 910. This ensures that regardless of the voltage at the second main terminal 420, the first voltage conversion module 220 can convert it to the first voltage required by the first load 910, enabling the first load 910 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery system 1100. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load 910 from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the lifespan of the first load 910 and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the battery system 1100. Thus, regardless of the multiple voltages output by the second battery pack 400, the second battery pack 400 can serve as a backup power source for the first battery pack 300, thereby forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0597] In some examples, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220. The first voltage conversion module 220 is used to convert the voltage of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 into a first voltage. When the voltage of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is not the first voltage, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can both provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220, so that the first load 910 can work normally.

[0598] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, when the voltage of the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420 is not the first voltage, it can be converted into the first voltage required by the first load 910 by the first voltage conversion module 220, enabling the first load 910 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery system 1100. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load 910 from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the service life of the first load 910 and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the battery system 1100. Thus, regardless of the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 can serve as backup power sources for each other, thereby forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0599] In some embodiments, the first voltage conversion module 220 is a unidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0600] A unidirectional voltage conversion module can refer to a module that can only perform voltage conversion in one direction.

[0601] In some examples, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can boost the input voltage to a first voltage, or the unidirectional voltage conversion module can step down the input voltage to a first voltage.

[0602] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is lower than the first voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be boosted to the first voltage by a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 400.

[0603] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is higher than the first voltage, and the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be stepped down to the first voltage through a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 400.

[0604] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only perform unidirectional conversion, which can reduce the risk of reverse voltage flow and reduce damage to the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400, and the first load 910. For example, when the first battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only ensure that electrical energy flows stably from the first battery pack 300 to the first load 910, and will not allow electrical energy to flow back to the first battery pack 300, thus affecting the performance and lifespan of the first battery pack 300.

[0605] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, the first main terminal 320 is used to connect to the first load 910 and provide a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first battery pack 300; the second main terminal 420 provides the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0606] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can directly supply power to the first load 910 without going through the first voltage conversion module 220, and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910 after being boosted by the first voltage conversion module 220. In use, the first battery pack 300 can be used as the main power source, and the second battery pack 400 can be used as the backup power source. In the event of a problem with the main power source, the backup power source can be temporarily used to supply power to the first load 910, so that the first load 910 can continue to operate.

[0607] In some embodiments, the first voltage conversion module 220 is a bidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0608] Input interface 800 may refer to the charging interface on the housing 100.

[0609] The bidirectional voltage conversion module can convert the voltage output from the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 into the first voltage required by the first load 910. For example, when the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 does not match the operating voltage of the first load 910, the bidirectional voltage conversion module can perform a step-down or step-up operation to make the output voltage meet the requirements of the first load 910, so that the first load 910 can operate stably.

[0610] For example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is equal to the first voltage, and the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 is lower than the first voltage. The first battery pack 300 can directly provide the first voltage to the first load 910. The voltage output by the second battery pack 400 is boosted to the first voltage by the bidirectional voltage conversion module before being provided to the first load 910, thus forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.

[0611] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the bidirectional voltage conversion module enables the battery system 1100 to achieve bidirectional flow of electrical energy. On the one hand, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910; on the other hand, the first load 910 can also charge the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 through the bidirectional voltage conversion module, thereby improving the flexibility and functionality of the battery system 1100.

[0612] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, the load 900 includes a second load 920, the output interface 700 includes a second output interface 720 for accessing the power supply circuit of the second load 920, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, and at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is capable of providing a second voltage to the second load 920, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0613] The second load 920 can refer to a load 900 whose supply voltage is the second voltage; the second voltage is less than or equal to 60V, and the second voltage can be any value above or below 60V; for example, the second voltage can be, but is not limited to, 1V, 5V, 10V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 30V, 45V, 48V, 50V, 55V, and 60V.

[0614] For example, the second load 920 is a 12V battery, and the second voltage is 12V.

[0615] For example, the second load 920 is a 48V battery, and the second voltage is 48V.

[0616] The power supply circuit of the second load 920 can refer to the power supply circuit of the second load 920. The second output interface 720 is connected to the power supply circuit of the second load 920, and the battery system 1100 can supply power to the second load 920.

[0617] The second output interface 720 may refer to the interface in the output interface 700 used for electrical connection with the second load 920. The second output interface 720 is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the second output interface 720 is connected to the power supply circuit of the second load 920, so that at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0618] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, enabling the first battery pack 300 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0619] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, enabling the second battery pack 400 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0620] In some examples, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the second output interface 720, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0621] In some examples, the second output interface 720 may include one or more connectors, and the number of second loads 920 may be one or more. Multiple second loads 920 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 through a single connector, or multiple second loads 920 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 through multiple connectors. The connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc.

[0622] In some cases, electrical devices (e.g., vehicle 1000) typically have a built-in circuit that uses the battery system 1100 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920. However, this embodiment adds an additional circuit that uses the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920, thus forming two power supply circuits for the second load 920 and creating a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. In this way, if the original power supply circuit of the second load 920 is damaged, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the load 920, allowing the second load 920 to continue to operate stably.

[0623] In some embodiments, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, which is used to convert the voltage of the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage.

[0624] The second voltage conversion module 230 is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 differs from the second voltage required by the second load 920, the second voltage conversion module 230 is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the second voltage of the second load 920, the second voltage conversion module 230 may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the second voltage of the second load 920, it may perform a step-up operation. The second voltage conversion module 230 can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.

[0625] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the second load 920 via a second voltage conversion module 230, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal 320 into a second voltage. The second load 920 is not directly connected to the first main terminal 320, but is connected through the second voltage conversion module 230. When the voltage of the first main terminal 320 does not match the second voltage, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be converted by the second voltage conversion module 230 to match the operating voltage requirements of the second load 920, enabling the first battery pack 300 to supply power to the second load 920.

[0626] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second load 920 via a second voltage conversion module 230, which converts the voltage at the second main terminal 420 into a second voltage. The second load 920 is not directly connected to the second main terminal 420, but rather connected via the second voltage conversion module 230. When the voltage at the second main terminal 420 does not match the second voltage, the voltage output from the second battery pack 400 can be converted by the second voltage conversion module 230 to match the operating voltage requirements of the second load 920, enabling the second battery pack 400 to supply power to the second load 920.

[0627] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. The second voltage conversion module 230 is used to convert the voltages of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 into a second voltage, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the second load 920.

[0628] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second load 920, so that the second load 920 can work stably under its appropriate voltage.

[0629] In some embodiments, the second voltage conversion module 230 is a unidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0630] In some examples, a unidirectional voltage conversion module can boost the input voltage to a second voltage, or a unidirectional voltage conversion module can step down the input voltage to a second voltage.

[0631] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be boosted to the second voltage through a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 400.

[0632] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is higher than the second voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can be stepped down to the second voltage through a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 400.

[0633] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only perform unidirectional conversion, which can reduce the risk of reverse voltage flow and reduce damage to the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400, and the second load 920. For example, when the first battery pack 300 supplies power to the second load 920, the unidirectional conversion module can only ensure that electrical energy flows stably from the first battery pack 300 to the second load 920, and will not allow electrical energy to flow back to the first battery pack 300, thus affecting the performance and lifespan of the first battery pack 300.

[0634] In some embodiments, the second voltage conversion module 230 is a bidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0635] The bidirectional voltage conversion module can convert the voltage output from the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage required by the second load 920. For example, when the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 does not match the operating voltage of the second load 920, the bidirectional voltage conversion module can perform a step-down or step-up operation to make the output voltage meet the requirements of the second load 920, thus enabling the second load 920 to operate stably. Simultaneously, the bidirectional voltage conversion module can also convert the voltage output from the second load 920 into a charging voltage suitable for the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400, thereby charging the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400.

[0636] For example, the second load 920 is a 12V / 48V battery. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 are higher than the second voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 are stepped down to the second voltage by a bidirectional voltage conversion module before being supplied to the second load 920, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. At the same time, the voltage output by the 12V / 48V battery is stepped up to the charging voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by the bidirectional voltage conversion module, thereby charging the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. In addition, in the vehicle 1000, the bidirectional voltage conversion module can use the battery voltage to charge the capacitors in the vehicle 1000, thereby saving the pre-charge circuit (pre-charge relay + pre-charge resistor + pre-charge return line harness).

[0637] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the bidirectional voltage conversion module enables the battery system 1100 to achieve bidirectional flow of electrical energy. On the one hand, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the second load 920; on the other hand, the second load 920 can also charge the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 through the bidirectional voltage conversion module, thereby improving the flexibility and functionality of the battery system 1100.

[0638] In some embodiments, referring to FIG9, the housing 100 further includes an input interface 800 for connecting to a charging circuit via a power grid; a first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the charging circuit via a switch module 210, which is configured to enable at least one of the following charging modes:

[0639] Charging Mode 1: Switches between charging state (1) and charging state (2); or

[0640] Charging mode 2: Switching between charging state (1) and charging state (3);

[0641] in,

[0642] Charging state (1): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to the charging circuit;

[0643] Charging state (2): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, and connect the second battery pack 400 or the first battery pack 300 to the charging circuit.

[0644] Charging state (3): Disconnect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 from the series connection, connect the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in parallel, and connect them to the charging circuit.

[0645] Input interface 800 is used for connecting to the power grid charging circuit. Battery system 1100 can connect to the power grid through input interface 800 to obtain electrical energy to charge battery pack 1001.

[0646] The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the charging circuit via the switch module 210. The switch module 210 can control the on / off connection between the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 and the charging circuit, thereby controlling the connection mode of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to the charging circuit, thus meeting different charging needs and improving charging flexibility and efficiency.

[0647] Charging mode 1: Can switch between charging state (1) and charging state (2).

[0648] Charging state (1): The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series in the charging circuit. During series charging, the total voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is equal to the sum of the voltages of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and the charging current is the same. This method is suitable for situations that require a higher charging voltage, which can effectively improve the charging speed. At the same time, it allows the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to receive the same amount of charging power, which is beneficial to balancing the charging state of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0649] Charging state (2): Disconnect the series connection between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and then connect the second battery pack 400 or the first battery pack 300 to the charging circuit. In this state, only one of the second battery pack 400 and the first battery pack 300 is charged. This is suitable for situations where a battery pack 1001 has low power and needs to be replenished separately, or where a single battery pack 1001 needs to be charged for maintenance. This reduces some problems that may be caused by charging the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 at the same time, such as uneven charging.

[0650] Charging mode 2: can switch between charging state (1) and charging state (3).

[0651] Charging state (3): Disconnect the series connection between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and connect them in parallel to the charging circuit. During parallel charging, the voltages of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are the same, and the charging current will be automatically distributed according to the internal resistance and other characteristics of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. This method is suitable for situations where the capacity of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 is low, and it is desirable to charge the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 simultaneously with a lower charging voltage. This method can protect the battery pack 1001 to a certain extent and extend the life of the battery system 1100.

[0652] In some examples, referring to Figure 9, the charging state (1) is: K11 is closed, K21 is open, K22 is open, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series to the charging circuit.

[0653] Charging state (2): K11 is open, K21 is closed, K22 is open, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the first battery pack 300 is connected to the charging circuit; or, K11 is open, K21 is open, K22 is closed, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the second battery pack 400 is connected to the charging circuit.

[0654] Charging state (3): K11 is open, K21 is closed, K22 is closed, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are disconnected in series, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel and connected to the charging circuit.

[0655] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the switch module 210 can flexibly switch between two charging modes and three charging states, enabling the battery system 1100 to select the most suitable charging method according to factors such as the actual power status of the battery pack 1001, battery characteristics, and charging requirements, thereby improving charging efficiency, extending the service life of the battery pack 1001, and enhancing the adaptability of the battery system 1100 in different application scenarios.

[0656] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, a first battery pack 300 is used to connect to a first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910, and a second battery pack 400 is used to connect to a second load 920 to output a second voltage to the second load 920; the first battery pack 300 is connected to a second voltage conversion module 230 to output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230; the second battery pack 400 is connected to a first voltage conversion module 220 to output a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0657] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can independently output a first voltage to the first load 910 via the first power supply circuit 240, and the second battery pack 400 can independently output a second voltage to the second load 920 via the second power supply circuit 250. The first side of the second voltage conversion module 230 is connected to the first battery pack 300, and the second side of the second voltage conversion module 230 is connected to the second battery pack 400 and / or the second load 920. The second voltage conversion module 230 can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 into a second voltage and output it from its second side to the second battery pack 400 or the second load 920. The first side of the first voltage conversion module 220 is connected to the second battery pack 400 and / or the second load 920, and the second side of the first voltage conversion module 220 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and / or the first load 910. The first voltage conversion module 220 can convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage and output it to the first battery pack 300 or the first load 910 from its second side. In this way, if the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the second battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220. If the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the first battery pack 300 can provide the second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. This improves the power supply stability of the first load 910 and the second load 920, reduces the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 910 or the second load 920, and is beneficial to the stability of the internal electronic control system and drive system of the vehicle 1000.

[0658] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG12, the second voltage conversion module 230 includes a first voltage conversion device 231 and a second voltage conversion device 232; a first battery pack 300 and a second battery pack 400 are connected to a first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910; the first battery pack 300 is connected to the first voltage conversion device 231 to output a second voltage to the second load 920; the second battery pack 400 is connected to the second voltage conversion device 232 to output a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0659] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can independently output a first voltage and independently provide a first voltage to the first load 910. The second power supply circuit 250 includes a first voltage converter 231 and a second voltage converter 232. Both the first voltage converter 231 and the second voltage converter 232 can convert the input first voltage into a second voltage. Specifically, the first voltage converter 231 converts the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 into a second voltage and outputs it to the second load 920. The second voltage converter 232 is used to convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage and output it to the second load 920. In the event of an abnormality in either the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400, another normal battery pack 1001 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load 910 and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 910. On the other hand, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can respectively provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the first voltage conversion device 231 and the second voltage conversion device 232. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs 1001, the other normal battery pack 1001 can provide power to the second load 920 through the corresponding voltage conversion device, which can stabilize the power supply to the second load 920 and reduce the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load 920. Thus, it is determined that both the first load 910 and the second load 920 can have at least two power supply circuits to supply power to them, and at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power supply to the first load 910 and the second load 920 at the same time, which is beneficial to the stability of the internal electronic control system and drive system of the vehicle 1000.

[0660] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 are used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are connected to a second voltage conversion module 230 to output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0661] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. At the same time, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also provide two circuits to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920.

[0662] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG9, the second power supply circuit 250 includes a second voltage conversion module 230. The first terminal of the main positive relay K43 and the first terminal of the main negative relay K41 are connected to the first side of the second voltage conversion module 230, and the second terminal of the main positive relay K43 and the second terminal of the main negative relay K41 are connected to the first output interface 710. The battery information management component controls the second voltage conversion module 230 to convert the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive relay K43 and the first terminal of the main negative relay K41 into a second voltage and output it to the second output interface 720.

[0663] In this embodiment of the application, as shown in FIG10, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are arranged side by side in the housing 100, the switch module 210 is connected between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and the first load 910, and the second voltage conversion module 230 is connected between the switch module 210 and the second load 920.

[0664] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG11, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A first main terminal 320 is used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The first main terminal 320 is connected to a second voltage conversion module 230 to output a second voltage to the second load 920. A second main terminal 420 is connected to a first voltage conversion module 220 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The second main terminal 420 is used to connect to the second load 920 to output a second voltage to the second load 920, wherein the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0665] The first battery pack 300 has a high voltage and a low voltage. The first battery pack 300 directly provides the first voltage to the first load 910. The first battery pack 300 can also provide the second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. The second battery pack 400 directly provides the second voltage to the second load 920. The second battery pack 400 can also provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0666] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. Simultaneously, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also provide two circuits to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. For example, the battery pack 1001 with the higher voltage can be used as a primary power source, while the battery pack 1001 with the lower voltage can be used as a backup power source.

[0667] In some embodiments, referring to FIG13, the switch module 210 includes a third switch K11, a switch K23, and a switch K24. The battery information management component can control the third switch K11 to conduct, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series. The output voltage of the second battery pack 400 can be the same as or different from the output voltage of the first battery pack 300.

[0668] In some embodiments, referring to FIG13, the first voltage conversion module 220 and the second voltage conversion module 230 can also be integrated into a single voltage conversion module 270, which is a bidirectional voltage conversion module. The first battery pack 300 has a high voltage, and the second battery pack 400 has a low voltage. The first battery pack 300 can directly supply power to the first load 910. The first battery pack 300 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 after being stepped down by the voltage conversion module 270. The second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910 after being stepped up by the voltage conversion module 270. The second battery pack 400 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 after being stepped down by the voltage conversion module 270. The second battery pack 400 can also charge the first battery pack 300 after being stepped up by the voltage conversion module 270, and / or the first battery pack 300 can also charge the second battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion module 270. Of course, the first voltage conversion module 220 and the second voltage conversion module 230 can also be two separate modules.

[0669] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 directly provides a second voltage to the second load 920.

[0670] In some embodiments, referring to FIG13, by connecting the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series, and controlling switch K23 to be open, switch K24 to be open, and third switch K11 to be open, the series-connected first battery pack 300 and second battery pack 400 can provide voltage to the first output interface 710 and output it to the first load 910. Simultaneously, the second battery pack 400 provides a second voltage to the second output interface 720 via voltage conversion module 270. The battery information management component also controls the voltage conversion module 270 to convert the voltage provided by the series-connected first battery pack 300 and second battery pack 400 into the second voltage and output it to the second output interface 720. If the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 is the second voltage, connecting the second battery pack 400 to the voltage conversion module 270 allows the second output interface 720 and the voltage conversion module 270 to share a common ground, reducing the safety hazards caused by the second battery pack 400 and the second output interface 720 not sharing a common ground, and improving the electrical safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0671] In some embodiments, the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 is a first voltage, and the output voltage of the second battery pack 400 is a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage. Referring to Figure 13, the voltage conversion module 270 can be a bidirectional voltage conversion module. The battery information management component can control the switching states of the third switches K11, K23, and K24 to realize the energy conversion between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, or the second battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the voltage conversion module 270.

[0672] In this embodiment, the battery information management component controls the third switch K11 and switch K24 to open and controls switch K23 to open. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, switch K23 can be opened. The battery information management component then controls the voltage conversion module 270 to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage, which is then output to the first output interface 710 via the first power supply circuit 240. When the charge of the first battery pack 300 is below a threshold charge level, the battery information management component can control switch K23 to open and the third switches K11 and K24 to close. The voltage conversion module 270 then converts the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into a first voltage to charge the first battery pack 300, thereby replenishing its power and improving the battery system 1100's range.

[0673] In some embodiments, referring to FIG9, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 are used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The second main terminal 420 is connected to a second voltage conversion module 230 to output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230.

[0674] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. At the same time, the second battery pack 400 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920.

[0675] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A first main terminal 320 is used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. A second main terminal 420 is used to connect to the second load 920 to output a second voltage to the second load 920. The second main terminal 420 is connected to a first voltage conversion module 220 to output a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion module 220. The first voltage is greater than the second voltage.

[0676] The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 is greater than the voltage output by the second battery pack 400. The first battery pack 300 directly provides the first voltage to the first load 910. The second battery pack 400 can also power the first load 910 after being boosted by the first voltage conversion module 220, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. The second battery pack 400 directly provides the second voltage to the second load 920, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920.

[0677] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG14, the first voltage conversion module 220 and the second voltage conversion module 230 are integrated into a voltage conversion module 270. The voltage conversion module 270 can be a bidirectional voltage conversion module. The voltage of the first battery pack 300 is high, and the voltage of the second battery pack 400 is low. The first battery pack 300 provides a first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the first power supply circuit 240. The second battery pack 400 provides a second voltage to the second output interface 720 via the voltage conversion module 270 and also provides a first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the voltage conversion module 270. The first battery pack 300 provides a second voltage to the second output interface 720 via the voltage conversion module 270, thus forming dual redundancy between the first load 910 and the second load 920. The second battery pack 400 can also charge the first battery pack 300 after being boosted by the voltage conversion module 270, and / or the first battery pack 300 can also charge the second battery pack 300 via the voltage conversion module 270.

[0678] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 300 may also directly provide a second voltage to the second output interface 720.

[0679] In some embodiments, referring to FIG14, the switch module 210 includes a first switch K25 and a second switch K26. The first switch K25 is electrically connected between the positive terminal interface 1003 of the first battery pack 300 and the positive terminal interface 1003 of the first output interface 710. The second switch K26 is electrically connected between the voltage conversion module 270 and the positive terminal interface 1003 of the first output interface 710. The battery information management component can control the first switch K25 and the second switch K26 to conduct, so that the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively supply power to the first output interface 710.

[0680] In some embodiments, if the first battery pack 300 malfunctions, the first switch K25 is disconnected and the second switch K26 is turned on. The second battery pack 400 can output a first voltage to the first load 910 via the voltage conversion module 270, and can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 via the voltage conversion module 270. In this way, the smaller capacity second battery pack 400 can be used to power the first load 910 to maintain the continued operation of the electrical device.

[0681] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are connected through the first voltage conversion module 220, and the second battery pack 400 is also used to supply power to the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0682] The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are connected via the first voltage conversion module 220. The second battery pack 400 also supplies power to the first battery pack 300 via the first voltage conversion module 220, allowing the second battery pack 400 to replenish the energy of the first battery pack 300, enabling the first battery pack 300 to operate for a longer period of time. This helps extend the overall lifespan of the battery system 1100, thereby improving the driving range. Additionally, the second battery pack 400 can output a first voltage after conversion via the first voltage conversion module 220, for example, to power a motor, further enhancing the driving range of the battery system 1100.

[0683] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, the first battery pack 300 is also used to charge the second battery pack 400 via the first voltage conversion module 220.

[0684] The voltage output by the first battery pack 300 can also be converted by the first voltage conversion module 220 to charge the second battery pack 400, thus enabling mutual charging between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0685] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, the battery system 1100 further includes a first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 connected via a switch module 210, which controls the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series.

[0686] The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected in series can provide a higher voltage to the load 900.

[0687] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 13 and 14, the first voltage conversion module 220 includes a first voltage conversion element; the first voltage conversion element is connected to a first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 respectively; the first battery pack 300 charges the second battery pack 400 through the first voltage conversion element, or the second battery pack 400 charges the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion element.

[0688] The first voltage converter is a voltage conversion component that can convert the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 into the charging voltage of the second battery pack 400, thereby enabling the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400; or, the first voltage converter can convert the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 into the charging voltage of the first battery pack 300, thereby enabling the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300.

[0689] The first voltage converter enables the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400, or vice versa.

[0690] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 13 and 14, the battery system 1100 further includes a battery information management component, which is also used to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220 in a first preset state; wherein, the first preset state includes at least one of the following states: (1) when the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is lower than a power threshold; (2) when the remaining power of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than a first threshold; (3) when the voltage of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than a second threshold.

[0691] For example, the battery information management component may be a Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS is used to perform at least one of the following functions on the battery system 1100: state monitoring, state analysis, charge / discharge control, safety protection, thermal management, high-voltage power distribution, and information management. In addition, the BMS may also be configured to implement at least some of the functions of the controller 1200 in the electrical device, such as implementing some functions of the vehicle control unit (VCU) or the motor control unit (MCU), and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0692] It should be noted that the physical device of the battery management system in this application can be integrated into the battery system 1100, such as into the battery pack; it can also be integrated into the electrical device, such as into the vehicle 1000 or the chassis of the vehicle 1000; or it can be integrated into the charging device, such as into the charging device or the battery swapping device.

[0693] The battery management system in this application can also be deployed as control software on a server. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, knowledge computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms, such as vehicle networking cloud, APP backend, etc.

[0694] When the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is lower than a set charge threshold, the first preset state is met. The charge threshold is a preset value used to measure whether the charge of the first battery pack 300 is too low. For example, when the charge threshold is set to 20%, once the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 drops below 20%, the battery information management component will consider that the first preset state is met, and thus trigger the corresponding charging operation.

[0695] In the first battery pack 300, if the remaining charge of any single first battery cell 310 is less than a first threshold, it is considered to be in the first preset state. This is because even if the charge of the entire battery pack 1001 may not have reached a very low level, the excessively low charge of individual first battery cells 310 may affect the performance and lifespan of the entire battery pack 1001. For example, if the first threshold is set to 15%, if the remaining charge of any first battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 300 drops below 15%, charging of the first battery pack 300 will be triggered.

[0696] When the voltage of any first battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second threshold, the first preset state is also satisfied. The voltage of the first battery cell 310 is an important indicator reflecting its charging status and performance. Too low a voltage may mean that the first battery cell 310 has a problem or insufficient power. For example, if the second threshold is set to 3.0V, when the voltage of a first battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than 3.0V, the battery information management component will activate the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300.

[0697] In the first preset state, the battery information management component controls the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220. This indicates that the battery information management component has the ability to control energy transfer between battery packs 1001. The first voltage conversion module 220 can convert the voltage output by the second battery pack 400 into a voltage suitable for charging the first battery pack 300, making the charging process safe and efficient. In this way, energy allocation between battery packs 1001 within the battery system 1100 is realized. When the first battery pack 300 is low on power or the first battery cell 310 is in an abnormal state, the power of the second battery pack 400 is used to supplement it, improving the reliability and stability of the entire battery system 1100 and making better use of battery resources.

[0698] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 13 and 14, the load 900 includes a first load 910, and the battery system 1100 further includes a battery information management component. The battery information management component is also used to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220 and control the first battery pack 300 to provide a first voltage to the first load 910 in a second preset state. The second preset state includes the first battery pack 300 outputting a first voltage to the first load 910, and at least one of the following states: (1) when the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is less than 30%; (2) when the remaining charge of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is less than a first threshold; (3) when the voltage of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is less than a second threshold.

[0699] When the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is below 30%, the second preset state is met. This is based on the overall power level. When the charge of the first battery pack 300 drops to a certain level, it may affect the continuous and stable power supply of the first load 910. At this time, it is necessary to start charging the first battery pack 300 to reduce the impact on the first load 910.

[0700] If any single battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 300 has a remaining charge less than the first threshold, it also falls under the second preset state. This is because even if the overall charge of the first battery pack 300 is not too low, the low charge of individual battery cells 310 may cause problems such as performance degradation or shortened lifespan of the entire battery pack 1001. Therefore, it is necessary to start charging the first battery pack 300 to reduce the impact on the first battery pack 300.

[0701] When the voltage of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second threshold, the second preset state is also satisfied. The voltage of the first battery cell 310 is a key indicator reflecting its charging status and performance. If the voltage is too low, it may indicate that the first battery cell 310 is faulty or has a serious lack of power. Therefore, it is necessary to start charging the first battery pack 300 to reduce the impact on the first battery pack 300.

[0702] In the second preset state, the battery information management component will perform the following two important control operations:

[0703] The second battery pack 400 charges the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion module 220. When the first battery pack 300 experiences abnormal power or voltage, it is replenished by the power of the second battery pack 400 to maintain the power level and performance of the first battery pack 300, ensuring a continuous and stable power supply to the first load 910. The first voltage conversion module 220 plays a crucial role in this process, converting the voltage output from the second battery pack 400 into a voltage suitable for charging the first battery pack 300, thus improving the safety and efficiency of the charging process.

[0704] The first battery pack 300 continues to provide the first voltage to the first load 910. Even if the first battery pack 300 experiences some issues with its charge or voltage, it can still supply power to the first load 910 normally. In this way, the first battery pack 300 can be replenished and its performance maintained without affecting the normal operation of the first load 910, thus improving the reliability and stability of the entire battery system 1100.

[0705] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell; the battery system 1100 includes a thermal management component 70 and a battery information management component, the thermal management component 70 being used to regulate the temperature of the first battery pack 300; the battery information management component being used to control the thermal management component 70 to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 to be greater than 40°C when the first battery pack 300 is in a charging state; the load 900 includes a first load 910, and the battery system 1100 is used to connect the first load 910; the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected, and the second battery pack 400 is used to output a first voltage to the first load 910.

[0706] The battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 is greater than 40℃; for example, it can be any of the above-mentioned values ​​or within any range of any two of them, such as 40.1℃, 41℃, 42℃, 43℃, 44℃, 45℃, 45.5℃, 46℃, 47℃, 48℃, 49℃, 50℃, 51℃, 52℃, 53℃, 55℃, 56℃, 57℃, 58℃, 59℃, 60℃, 61℃, 62℃, 63℃, 64℃, 65℃, 66℃, 67℃, 68℃, 69℃, 70℃.

[0707] Because the second battery pack 400 uses at least one negative electrode-free battery cell, and negative electrode-free battery cells have high energy density, the second battery pack 400 can store more electrical energy within the same volume or weight. This allows the second battery pack 400 to continuously supply power to the first load 910 for a longer period of time, or, within the same power supply time, a smaller and lighter battery pack 1001 can be used, thereby improving the portability and space utilization of the entire battery system 1100. Furthermore, when the first battery pack 300 is in charging mode, the battery information management component controls the thermal management component 70 to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack 400 to above 40°C. At this temperature, the chemical reactions inside the negative electrode-free battery cells can be more complete and efficient, helping to leverage their high energy density and improve the battery's charging and discharging efficiency.

[0708] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 further includes a battery information management component, the second battery pack 400 includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell; the second main terminal 420 is connected to the first voltage conversion module 220; the battery information management component is used to control the first voltage conversion module 220 to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate when the battery system 1100 is in a charging state, the first rate being ≤1C.

[0709] For example, the first multiplier can be 1C or any value less than 1C, for example, 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 0.8C, 1C.

[0710] In the second battery pack 400, at least one second battery cell 410 is a negative electrode-free battery cell. The charging voltage is adjusted and converted by the first voltage conversion module 220 to meet the charging requirements of the second battery pack 400. When the battery system 1100 is in charging mode, the battery information management component controls the first voltage conversion module 220 to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate ≤ 1C. "C" represents the battery's charge / discharge rate; 1C represents the current required to fully charge or discharge the battery in one hour. During charging, the internal chemical reactions of a negative electrode battery cell are relatively complex. Limiting the charging rate to ≤ 1C allows for a more gentle and uniform chemical reaction within the negative electrode-free battery cell, reducing polarization and side reactions in the electrode materials, thereby extending the battery's cycle life. Low-rate charging helps reduce heat generation in the battery system 1100 during charging, reducing safety risks such as thermal runaway.

[0711] By limiting the charging rate, the stability and safety of the battery system 1100 during the charging process can be better guaranteed.

[0712] In some embodiments, referring to FIG15, the capacity of the second battery pack 400 can be set to be smaller and occupy a smaller space within the housing 100, serving as a backup power source. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 can temporarily supply power to the first load 910, allowing the electrical device to continue operating. The smaller space occupied by the second battery pack 400 within the housing 100 allows the first battery pack 300 to have sufficient capacity to meet the normal use of the electrical device. In addition, the smaller space occupied by the second battery pack 400 within the housing 100 and the arrangement of the second battery pack 400 between the first battery pack 300 and the switch module 210 make the second battery pack 400 less susceptible to collision damage, enabling the second battery pack 400 to stably supply power to the first load 910 and the second load 920, thereby allowing the vehicle 1000 to travel a certain distance after a collision.

[0713] In some embodiments, referring to FIG16, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are used to provide a first voltage to the first load 910 respectively; some battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 and some battery cells 1002 in the second battery pack 400 are connected to the second voltage conversion module 230, and are used to provide a second voltage to the second load 920 respectively through the second voltage conversion module 230.

[0714] The first battery pack 300 includes multiple first battery cells 310, and the second battery pack 400 includes multiple second battery cells 410. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can each independently output a first voltage to the first load 910 via the first power supply circuit 240. Some battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 can independently output a second voltage to the second load 920 via the second voltage conversion module 230. Some battery cells 1002 in the second battery pack 400 can also independently output a second voltage to the second load 920 via the second voltage conversion module 230. Alternatively, in the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, some normal battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 or some normal battery cells 1002 in the second battery pack 400 can be selected to provide the first voltage to the first load 910, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the first load 910 and the second load 920 respectively. This reduces the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load 910 or the second load 920 and is beneficial to the stability of the internal electronic control system and drive system of the vehicle 1000.

[0715] In some embodiments, referring to FIG16, the first battery pack 300 is used to provide a first voltage to the first load 910; the second battery pack 400 or a portion of the battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 are connected to the second voltage conversion module 230, and are used to provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the second voltage conversion module 230.

[0716] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 can independently output a first voltage to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 400 or some battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 can independently output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 300, the second battery pack 400 or some normal battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 300 can be selected to provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage conversion module 230, thereby providing a multi-redundant power supply for the second load 920.

[0717] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG17, the battery system 1100 includes a first battery pack 300, a second battery pack 400, and a third battery pack 500. The third battery pack 500 is connected to a main positive relay K43 and a main negative relay K41 via a fourth voltage conversion module 280. The battery information management component can control the fourth voltage conversion module 280 to convert the voltage provided by the third battery pack 500 into a first voltage, and output it to the first output interface 710 via the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to supply power to the first load 910.

[0718] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected in series through the third switch K11. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also be connected in parallel through the first switch K21 and the second switch K22. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected in parallel can convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage through the second voltage converter 232 and output it to the second output interface 720 to supply power to the second load 920. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, after being connected in parallel, can also convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 into a second voltage through the first voltage converter 231 and output it to the second output interface 720 to power the second load 920. The third battery pack 500 can directly provide the second voltage to the second output interface 720. In the event of any abnormality in any of the battery packs 1001 or the fourth voltage converter 280, another battery pack 1001 can be selected to output the first voltage to the first output interface 710 through the corresponding power supply circuit to power the first load 910. In addition, another battery pack 1001 can be selected to output the second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the corresponding power supply circuit to power the second load 920, so as to avoid the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 910 and the second load 920. Thus, it is determined that the first load 910 and the second load 920 can both have at least two power supply circuits to power them, which is beneficial to the stability of the internal electronic control system and drive system of the vehicle 1000.

[0719] In some embodiments, the working principle of the battery system 1100 in FIG12 is explained with the output voltage of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 being 400V. The battery information management component can control the third switch K11 to be turned on and the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 to be turned off. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series. The battery pack 1001 connected in series can output a second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the first voltage converter 231 and / or the second voltage converter 232. It can also output an 800V power supply voltage to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to supply power to the first load 910. If any one of the first battery pack 300, the first voltage converter 231, the third battery pack 500, and the fourth voltage conversion module 280 malfunctions, or if all of them malfunction simultaneously, the second battery pack 400 can provide a second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the second voltage converter 232 to power the second load 920. Furthermore, when the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the battery information management component can control the first switch K21 to be turned on and the third switch K11 and the second switch K22 to be turned off. The first battery pack 300 will then output a 400V power supply voltage to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to power the first load 910, ensuring the power supply stability of the vehicle 1000 during driving, realizing seamless power supply switching, and improving the safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0720] In some embodiments, referring to FIG18, the battery system 1100 includes a fourth battery pack 600, a first battery pack 300, and a second battery pack 400. The positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first sub-port 7101 via a first switch K21, and the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 300 is connected to the negative terminal 1004 of the first sub-port 7101 via a first fuse F11. The positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first sub-port 7101 via a second fuse F12, and the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the negative terminal 1004 of the first sub-port 7101 via a second switch K22. Furthermore, the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 400 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 via a third switch K11. The positive terminal 1003 of the fourth battery pack 600 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the second sub-port 7102 via the main positive relay K45. The negative terminal 1004 of the fourth battery pack 600 is connected to the negative terminal 1004 of the second sub-port 7102 via the main negative relay K44. The precharge switch K46 and the precharge resistor R42 are connected in series and then in parallel with the main positive relay K45.

[0721] In this embodiment, the switch module 210 includes a switch K4. The positive terminal 1003 of the fourth battery pack 600 is connected to the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 300 through the switch K4. The fourth battery pack 600 can provide a first voltage to the second sub-port 7102 to power the first load 910 connected to the second sub-port 7102. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first sub-port 7101 to power the first load 910 connected to the first sub-port 7101. The battery system 1100 can be equipped with multiple first output interfaces 710. The multiple first output interfaces 710 include a second sub-port 7102 and a second sub-port 7101. The second sub-port 7102 and the first sub-port 7101 can supply power to the front drive system and the rear drive system of the vehicle 1000 respectively. When one drive system experiences a power supply failure, the other drive system can take over the power of the vehicle 1000, thereby achieving the purpose of seamless switching between the power supply and the electronic control power of the vehicle 1000 and improving the safety of the vehicle 1000.

[0722] In some embodiments, the working principle of the battery system 1100 in FIG13 is explained with the output voltage of the fourth battery pack 600, the first battery pack 300, and the second battery pack 400 being 400V. When the vehicle 1000 is in driving mode, the first switch K21, the switch K4, and the second switch K22 are turned off, the third switch K11 is turned on, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series, thereby providing a voltage of 800V to the first sub-port 7101 to provide a power supply voltage of 800V to the first load 910 connected to the first sub-port 7101, so that the drive system operates with 800V as the working voltage, meeting the needs of high-voltage application scenarios in the vehicle 1000.

[0723] If any one of the fourth battery pack 600, the first battery pack 300, or the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the control switch module 210 will bypass the malfunctioning battery pack 1001, and the normal battery pack 1001 will supply 400V to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240. For example, if the fourth battery pack 600 malfunctions, the control main positive relay K45, the precharge relay K46, and the switch K4 will be turned off, and the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 will supply 400V to the first load 910 connected to the first sub-port 7101 through the first power supply circuit 240. The 400V power supply enables the drive system to operate at 400V. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400, the second switch K22 and the third switch K11 are turned off. The first battery pack 300 then supplies 400V to the first load 910 connected to the first sub-port 7101 through the first power supply circuit 240, enabling the drive system to operate at 400V. This provides redundant backup power to the drive load 900 within the vehicle 1000, meeting the normal operation requirements of the drive system within the vehicle 1000 and improving the power supply stability of the battery system 1100.

[0724] In charging mode, the battery information management component can control the third switch K11, the second switch K22, and the first switch K21 to make the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 compatible with both 400V and 800V charging piles. When the output voltage of the charging pile is 400V, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in parallel. When the output voltage of the charging pile is 800V, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are connected in series.

[0725] In charging mode, the battery system 1100 is compatible with 400V and 800V charging piles for charging. If the input interface 800 is connected to a 400V charging pile, the first switch K21 and the second switch K22 are turned on, the third switch K11 is turned off, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The input interface 800 charges the fourth battery pack 600, the first battery pack 300, and the second battery pack 400 by providing a 400V charging voltage to them.

[0726] If the input interface 800 is connected to an 800V charging pile, the first switch K21, the second switch K22, and the switch K4 are open, the third switch K11 is closed, and the main positive relay K43, the main negative relay K41, the positive charging relay K51, and the negative charging relay K52 are closed. The input interface 800 provides an 800V charging voltage to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 connected in series, thereby charging the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0727] Mechanical structure

[0728] Referring to Figure 1, the vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. The vehicle has an internal battery system, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. The battery system can be used to power the vehicle; for example, it can serve as the vehicle's operating power source. The vehicle may also include a controller and a motor. The controller is used to control the battery system's power supply to the motor, for example, to meet the vehicle's power needs during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0729] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

[0730] As shown in Figure 19, the battery system mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack may include multiple individual battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0731] In some embodiments, the battery pack is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0732] As an example, a battery pack can be a battery module, which consists of multiple battery cells arranged and fixed together to form an independent module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.

[0733] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a housing in which the battery pack is housed.

[0734] As an example, the battery pack can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0735] As an example, battery packs can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple individual battery cells to the housing.

[0736] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure. The first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0737] As an example, the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, creating an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack.

[0738] In some embodiments, the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.

[0739] In some embodiments, the battery system refers to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0740] In some embodiments, the battery cell can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0741] Referring to Figures 20 and 21, in some embodiments, the housing is provided with a battery cavity, which includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. A first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, and a second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure can block at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

[0742] The enclosure contains battery chambers and partition structures. The battery chambers house individual battery cells. The partition structures are structures that divide the internal space of the enclosure; for example, they may include partition beams, partition plates, baffles, or barrier mesh. The partition structures divide the battery chambers, creating at least one first battery chamber and one second battery chamber. The first and second battery chambers can be arranged in various ways; for example, they can be arranged along the width of the enclosure.

[0743] In some examples, the first battery pack includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs, and the second battery pack includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs. The first battery pack and the second battery pack may comprise different battery packs. The first battery cell may refer to a battery cell within the first battery pack, and the second battery cell may refer to a battery cell within the second battery pack.

[0744] Multiple individual battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. This method combines multiple smaller individual battery cells into a battery pack with specific performance characteristics, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system.

[0745] Multiple second battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. This method combines multiple smaller second battery cells into a second battery pack with specific performance characteristics, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system.

[0746] In some examples, the first and second battery cells may be of the same type or ...

Claims

A battery system, wherein, The system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes multiple first battery cells, and the second battery pack includes multiple second battery cells. The first battery cells and the second battery cells have different chemical systems, and the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cells in the range of 10% SOC to 80% SOC is greater than that of the second battery cells in the range of 10% SOC to 80% SOC. The first battery pack and the second battery pack can independently provide voltage to the load. The battery system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The load includes a first load; The first battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load; The second battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load. The battery system as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein, The battery system also includes a voltage conversion circuit, and the load includes a first load and a second load. The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for outputting a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The battery system also includes a voltage conversion circuit, and the load includes a first load and a second load. The first battery pack and the second battery pack are used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; The second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit. The battery system as claimed in any one of claims 5, wherein, The switching circuit includes; A first switch, connected to the first battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit; The second switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit. The battery system of claim 6, wherein, The switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series. The battery system of claim 6, wherein, The switching circuit includes: The third switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel. The battery system of claim 9, wherein, The switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch; The fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series. The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein, Also includes: A voltage conversion circuit is provided, connecting the first battery pack and the second battery pack, wherein the second battery pack is also used to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit. The battery system of claim 11, wherein, The first battery pack is also used to charge the second battery pack via the voltage conversion circuit. The battery system as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series. The battery system according to any one of claims 11-13, wherein, The voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively; The first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device. The battery system as described in claims 11-14, wherein, The battery system further includes a controller connected to the voltage conversion circuit. The controller is used to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state. The first preset state includes at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold; (2). When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold. The battery system of claim 15, wherein, The controller is also configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and control the first battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load; The second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is less than 30%; (2). When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein, The equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than 1.1 times that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC. Optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than twice that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC. Further optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the first battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC is more than 10 times that of the second battery cell at 10% SOC to 80% SOC. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein, The first battery cell has a charging rate of 2C or higher, the second battery cell has a charging rate of 0.1C or higher, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 20 times the charging rate of the second battery cell; and / or, The charging rate of the first battery cell is above 10C, the charging rate of the second battery cell is above 0.1C, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 100 times the charging rate of the second battery cell; and / or, The charging rate of the first battery cell is above 2C, the charging rate of the second battery cell is above 1C, and the charging rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to twice the charging rate of the second battery cell. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-18, wherein, The total capacity of the first battery pack is greater than or equal to 40 kWh; Optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:10 to 10:1; Further optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:5 to 8:1; Further optionally, the ratio of the total capacity of the first battery pack to the total capacity of the second battery pack is in the range of 1:3 to 6:

1. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-19, wherein, Within the battery system, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 5; Optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 2; Further optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is less than or equal to 1.5; Further optionally, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is in the range of 0.1 to 1.

2. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-20, wherein, The volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-21, wherein, The first battery cell includes a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer includes graphite and optionally a silicon-based material, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet is 30 μm to 60 μm; and / or, The first battery cell includes an electrolyte with a conductivity greater than or equal to 9 mS / cm; optionally, the conductivity of the electrolyte is greater than or equal to 11 mS / cm; further optionally, the conductivity of the electrolyte is greater than or equal to 13 mS / cm. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein, The first battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell. Optionally, the negative electrode active material layer in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell further includes a silicon-based material; the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1). The thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 250°C; (2). The overcharge boundary of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 140% SOC; (3). The second battery cell includes at least one of solid-state battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate battery cell, and lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1). When the ambient temperature is -10℃, the charging time of the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes; (2). When the ambient temperature is -20℃, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell when charged or discharged at 0.33C is greater than or equal to 80%; (3). The second battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active layer of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) At 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 30s; optionally, at 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 60s; more preferably, at 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 100s. (2). When the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance of the second battery cell is less than 0.4mΩ; Optionally, when the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance of the second battery cell is less than 0.3mΩ. (3). The power density of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 500W / kg; optionally, the power density of the second battery cell is in the range of 600W / kg to 5000W / kg. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1). When the cycle reaches 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 6000 cycles; optionally, when the cycle reaches 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 6500 cycles. (2) After being stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 95%; and / or, After being stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is greater than or equal to 98%. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-27, wherein, The volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than that of the first battery cell, and at least one of the following conditions is met: (1). The volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L; (2). When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (3). When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh; (4). When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh. The battery system of claim 27, wherein, The second battery cell includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell, with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Optionally, the negative electrode active material layer in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion cell further includes a silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material layer of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Optionally, at least one of the second battery cells is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode. The battery system of claim 29, wherein, The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 400Wh / L to 700Wh / L. (2). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 600Wh / L to 1000Wh / L. (3). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 650Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. The battery system as described in claim 29 or 30, wherein, When the casing of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a rigid casing, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 30Ah to 200Ah. (2). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 50Ah to 250Ah. (3). The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 50Ah to 300Ah. The battery system as described in claim 29 or 30, wherein, When the casing of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 10Ah to 80Ah. The battery system as described in claim 29 or 30, wherein, When the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell, the rated capacity of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is in the range of 15Ah to 50Ah. The battery system according to any one of claims 28-33, wherein, The negative electrode of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1). The material of the current collector includes at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil; (2) The thickness of the current collector is in the range of 3μm to 8μm; (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm; (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is in the range of 400MPa to 1600MPa; (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector; optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3 μm to 30 μm; further optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5 μm to 25 μm. The battery system as described in claims 23-34, wherein, The positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode shall meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 0.2g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Within the range; (2) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is 0.25g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Within the range; (3) The positive electrode active material layer of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell includes a lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the coating weight on one side of the positive electrode sheet of the lithium-ion anode-free battery cell is 0.3g / 1540.25mm. 2 ~0.4g / 1540.25mm 2 Within the range. The battery system as described in claim 29 or 30, wherein, The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes a liquid electrolyte, which contains an ether solvent; Optionally, the ether solvent includes at least one selected from 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 1,2-dimethoxypropane; and / or, The liquid electrolyte contains a lithium salt, which includes lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; optionally, the lithium salt includes lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; and / or, The liquid electrolyte contains 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether. The battery system as described in claim 29 or 30, wherein, The lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1). The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C or a discharging rate of 1C within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of greater than or equal to 100 cycles. (2). The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C or a discharging rate of 1C within a 50% depth of discharge range, and the cycle life is greater than or equal to 200 cycles. (3) The lithium-ion electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C or a discharging rate of 1C within a discharge depth range of 30%, and the cycle life is greater than or equal to 400 cycles. The battery system according to any one of claims 29-37, wherein, An elastomer buffer pad is provided on the large surface of the casing of the lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery cell, and the thickness of the elastomer buffer pad is in the range of 0.1mm to 10mm. Preferably, the elastomeric cushioning pad includes an aerogel pad; Preferably, the thickness of the elastomeric cushioning pad is in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; The battery system also includes: A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the first battery pack; The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state. The battery system is used to connect to the first load; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected, and the second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-39, wherein, When the equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell at 10% to 80% SOC is less than 0.5C, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is above 500Wh / L. The battery system according to claim 39, wherein, The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the first battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the first battery pack is in the charging state. Optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to 45-70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the first battery pack is adjusted to 50-65°C. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-38, wherein, The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; The battery system also includes: A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state. The battery system according to claim 42, wherein, The controller is used to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 5C when the first battery pack is in the charging state. Optionally, the first multiplier is ≤0.2C. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-43, wherein, The battery system also includes at least one third battery pack, which is a low-voltage battery module; Optionally, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module is less than or equal to 60V; Further optionally, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module includes one or more of 12V, 24V, 36V or 48V. The battery system according to claim 44, wherein, The third battery pack is electrically connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively via a voltage conversion circuit. The third battery pack discharges to the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack through the voltage conversion module; and / or The third battery pack is electrically connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively through a voltage conversion module, and the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack discharges to the third battery pack through the voltage conversion module. The battery system according to claim 44 or 45, wherein, The third battery pack is electrically connected to the voltage conversion module, and the third battery pack supplies power to the load through the voltage conversion module. The battery system according to any one of claims 1-46, wherein, The battery system includes a housing, and the housing contains battery chambers, which include a first battery chamber and a second battery chamber. The first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, the second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity, and a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure is capable of blocking at least part of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway. The battery system according to claim 47, wherein, The separation structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The battery system according to claim 47 or 48, wherein, The box includes a tray and a cover, the cover being disposed opposite to the tray along a first direction, and the cover covering the tray; The partition structure divides the housing into a first battery compartment and a second battery compartment, and the partition structure is connected to the cover and the tray on opposite sides along the first direction, respectively. The battery system according to claim 49, wherein, The cover seals the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure also includes a sealing element, and the sealing element is provided between the partition structure and the cover and / or between the partition structure and the tray. The battery system according to any one of claims 47-50, wherein, The enclosure has an output interface, which is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the load; In the first battery pack, multiple first battery cells are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal; in the second battery pack, multiple second battery cells are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal. The enclosure also includes an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components. At least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the first main terminal and the output interface, and at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the second main terminal and the output interface. The output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity. According to claim 51, the battery system wherein, The load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, and at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface through a first voltage conversion circuit to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V; and / or The load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface through a second voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V. The battery system according to claim 51 or 52, wherein, The housing is provided with an electrical cavity partition, which is used to seal and isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity; The electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole. The battery system also includes an adapter, which is sealed through the mounting hole. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to an electrical component inside the electrical cavity. The battery system according to any one of claims 47-53, wherein, The housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, and the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber. The pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber. The first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway. The second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway. The battery system according to any one of claims 47-54, wherein, The housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism. The first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism. The battery system according to any one of claims 47-55, wherein, The battery system further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack. According to the battery system of claim 56, wherein, The thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component. The first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack, and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack. The battery system according to claim 57, wherein, The housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component. The battery system according to any one of claims 45-58, wherein, The number of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity includes one or more of the following: (1). The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the length of the housing; (2). The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing; (3). The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the height direction of the housing; (4). One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing; (5) A plurality of first battery cavities and a plurality of second battery cavities are arranged alternately. The battery system according to any one of claims 45-59, wherein, Within the first battery cavity, a plurality of the first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing; Within the second battery cavity, a plurality of the first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing. An electrical device, wherein, Includes the battery system according to any one of claims 1-60. The electrical appliance according to claim 61, wherein, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle. The electrical appliance according to claim 62, wherein, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system, which is used for vehicle body control. The electrical appliance according to claim 62, wherein, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC). The battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle. The electrical appliance according to claim 62, wherein, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

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