Battery system and electric apparatus

Abstract

A battery system (3000). By providing a first battery pack (300) and a second battery pack (400) in the battery system, the endurance capability of the battery system is improved. The second battery pack comprises at least one battery cell having no negative electrode, and when the battery system is in a charging working condition, a controller (1200) controls a voltage conversion circuit (201) to charge the second battery pack at a first rate less than 1 C, thereby prolonging the service life of the second battery pack. Also provided is an electric apparatus having the battery system.

Description

Battery systems and electrical devices Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automotive technology, specifically to a battery system and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the widespread application of rechargeable batteries in new energy vehicles, users often switch between using the same battery system in multiple application scenarios, leading to increasing functional demands on battery systems. However, for battery cells with a single chemical system, performance improvements often come at a cost; that is, it is difficult for a single battery cell of the same system to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics, let alone maximize the performance of a particular characteristic. How to better alleviate users' range anxiety and achieve longer driving range for battery cells is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] In related technologies, high-energy-density battery packs can provide battery systems with stronger endurance. However, the lifespan of battery systems containing high-energy-density battery packs is greatly affected by usage conditions, which is a problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a battery system and an electrical device, which aims to improve the life of a battery pack with negative electrode-free battery cells.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides a battery system, the battery system comprising:

[0006] A first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0007] A voltage conversion circuit is connected to the second battery pack;

[0008] A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state.

[0009] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by setting a first battery pack and a second battery pack in the battery system, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell, and controlling the second battery pack to charge at a small charging rate, the lifespan of the battery system containing the negative electrode-free battery is extended and the battery system's range is improved.

[0010] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit is further connected to a first battery pack; the first battery pack is used to charge and discharge each other through the voltage conversion circuit and the second battery pack, so that the remaining power of the first battery pack is within a preset range.

[0011] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the voltage conversion circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively. The first battery pack can be charged and discharged by the voltage conversion circuit and the second battery pack. The second battery pack with higher energy density can replenish the first battery pack, so that the remaining power of the first battery pack is kept within a preset range, thereby improving the battery system's endurance.

[0012] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the charging or discharging of the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the second battery pack has not been charged or discharged for a first preset period of time, so that the remaining charge of the second battery pack is in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0013] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second battery pack includes a single negative electrode cell. During discharge, the single negative electrode cell completely consumes the active lithium on the negative electrode side (e.g., lithium metal dissolution). During charging, lithium ions are released from the positive electrode and deposited on the surface of the negative electrode current collector to form a lithium metal layer. If the battery is not charged or discharged for a first preset time, the dynamic balance of the lithium metal interface may be disrupted, leading to uncontrolled SEI film thickness, dendrite formation, and material degradation. The battery life may be impaired during prolonged dormancy. Therefore, if the second battery pack is detected to have not discharged or charged for a continuous first preset time, the controller controls the voltage conversion circuit to charge or discharge the second battery pack, maintaining its remaining charge within the range of 20% to 80%, which helps improve the battery pack's lifespan.

[0014] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, control the charging device to charge the first battery pack at a second rate, wherein the second rate is greater than the first rate.

[0015] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, the controller can control the charging device to charge the first battery pack at a second rate. The chemical characteristics of the first battery pack are different from those of the second battery pack. By setting the second rate to be greater than the first rate, it is beneficial to improve the charging speed of the first battery pack.

[0016] The controller is also configured to, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, control the charging device to charge the first battery pack, and control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.

[0017] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, the charging device is controlled to charge the first battery pack, and the first battery pack is controlled to charge the second battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit. The output voltage of the first battery pack is greater than the output voltage of the second battery pack. Energy is transferred through the voltage conversion circuit during the charging process, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the battery system.

[0018] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack at the first rate when the rated charging current of the charging device is greater than the first current, and when the charging device charges the first battery pack.

[0019] The first current includes the charging current required by the first battery pack and the charging current required by the second battery pack.

[0020] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the rated charging current of the charging device is greater than the first current, that is, when the charging current that the charging device can provide can meet the charging current requirements of the first battery pack and the charging current requirements of the second battery pack, the charging device is controlled to charge the first battery pack, and the first battery pack is controlled to charge the second battery pack at a first rate through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the battery system.

[0021] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to determine the actual charging current of the first battery pack and the actual discharging current of the first battery pack to the second battery pack based on the remaining charge of the first battery pack and the remaining charge of the second battery pack, when the rated charging current of the charging device is not greater than the first current, and control the charging device to charge the first battery pack based on the actual charging current of the first battery pack, and control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack based on the actual discharging current.

[0022] The first current includes the charging current required by the first battery pack and the charging current required by the second battery pack.

[0023] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the rated charging current of the charging device is not greater than the first current, that is, when the charging current that the charging device can provide does not meet the charging current requirements of the first battery pack and the charging current requirements of the second battery pack, the actual charging current of the first battery pack and the actual discharging current of the first battery pack to the second battery pack can be determined according to the remaining power of the first battery pack and the remaining power of the second battery pack, so as to realize energy distribution based on the different needs of the battery packs.

[0024] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to, when the first battery pack is connected to a first charging device and the second battery pack is connected to a second charging device, control the first charging device to charge the first battery pack at a second rate and control the second charging device to charge the second battery pack at a first rate, wherein the second rate is greater than the first rate.

[0025] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the chemical characteristics of the first battery pack are different from those of the second battery pack. Because the first battery pack has a lower energy density, it can receive high-current charging with minimal impact on the battery pack's lifespan. However, because the second battery pack includes battery cells without negative electrodes, excessive charging current has a significant impact on its battery lifespan. Therefore, when the first battery pack is connected to the first charging device and the second battery pack is connected to the second charging device, the first charging device can be controlled to charge the first battery pack at a second rate, and the second charging device can be controlled to charge the second battery pack at a first rate. By setting the second rate to be greater than the first rate, it is beneficial to improve the charging speed of the charging system with minimal impact on the lifespan of the second battery pack.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to a current distributor;

[0027] The controller is also configured to control the current distributor to charge the first battery pack at a second rate and the second battery pack at a first rate.

[0028] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second battery pack includes battery cells without negative electrodes. Excessive charging current significantly impacts its battery life. Therefore, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, the controller can adjust the charging current of the first and second battery packs by controlling the current distributor. This allows the charging device to charge the first battery pack at a second rate and the second battery pack at a first rate. Since the second rate is greater than the first rate, it helps to improve the charging speed of the charging system while minimizing the impact on the lifespan of the second battery pack. In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the battery system is in charging mode; optionally, the first rate ≤ 0.2C.

[0029] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the battery system is connected to the charging device, the battery system is in charging mode. When the battery system is in charging mode, the controller controls the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate, which is beneficial to extend the battery life of the second battery pack.

[0030] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load at a third rate through a voltage conversion circuit, wherein the third rate is ≥3C.

[0031] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, respectively;

[0032] The controller is also configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, so as to provide a first voltage to the first load through the first battery pack.

[0033] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and the first battery pack provides a first voltage to the first load, thereby improving the battery system's endurance.

[0034] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:

[0035] A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

[0036] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the output voltage of the battery system can be improved by controlling the first battery pack and the second battery pack in series through a switching circuit.

[0037] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;

[0038] The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively;

[0039] The first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.

[0040] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first voltage conversion device is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack. The controller can control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, and can also control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device. The first voltage conversion device can be a bidirectional voltage conversion device, which can realize the conversion of electrical energy between the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

[0041] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is further configured to provide a first voltage to a first load, and the second battery pack is further configured to provide the first voltage to the first load via a voltage conversion circuit.

[0042] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack is also used to provide a first voltage to the first load. The controller can control the voltage conversion circuit to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack into the first voltage and output it to the first load to supply power to the first load, thereby providing two power supplies to the first load. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs, the other battery pack can be used as a backup power supply to provide the first voltage to the first load, thereby improving the power supply reliability of the battery system.

[0043] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit further includes:

[0044] A second voltage conversion device is connected to the second battery pack, which is used to output the first voltage to the first load via the second voltage conversion device.

[0045] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack is also used to provide a first voltage to the first load. The controller can control the second voltage conversion device to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack into a first voltage and output it to the first load to supply power to the first load, thereby providing two power supplies to the first load. In the event of an abnormality in one of the battery packs, the other battery pack can be used as a backup power supply to provide the first voltage to the first load, thereby improving the power supply reliability of the battery system.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first battery pack is further configured to provide a second voltage to the second load via the voltage conversion circuit, and the second battery pack is further configured to provide the second voltage to the second load.

[0047] In the technical solution of the application embodiment, the first battery pack is further used to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. The controller can control the voltage conversion circuit to convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second load to supply power to the second load, thereby providing two power supplies to the second load. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, the other battery pack can serve as a backup power supply to provide the second voltage to the second load, improving the power supply reliability of the battery system. In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit further includes:

[0048] A third voltage converter is connected to the first battery pack, which provides the second voltage to the second load via the third voltage converter.

[0049] In the technical solution of the application embodiment, the first battery pack is further used to provide a second voltage to the second load through a third voltage conversion device. The controller can control the third voltage conversion device to convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second load to supply power to the second load, thereby providing two power supplies to the second load. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, the other battery pack can serve as a backup power source to provide the second voltage to the second load, improving the power supply reliability of the battery system. In some embodiments, the controller is further used to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state.

[0050] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0051] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0052] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0053] (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0054] Technical solutions of embodiments of this application

[0055] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load;

[0056] The second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states:

[0057] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;

[0058] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;

[0059] (3) When the voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

[0060] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells;

[0061] The controller is further configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the remaining power of any one of the second battery cells is less than a third threshold and the remaining power of the first battery pack is greater than a fourth threshold.

[0062] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the third threshold and the fourth threshold can be determined based on the temperature of the battery pack or the operating mode of the vehicle. If the remaining charge of any single second battery cell in the second battery pack is less than the third threshold, and the remaining charge of the first battery pack is greater than the fourth threshold, the first battery pack is controlled to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby reducing the impact of the low charge of the second battery pack on its lifespan.

[0063] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells;

[0064] The controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the voltage of any one of the second battery cells is less than a fifth threshold and the remaining charge of the first battery pack is greater than a fourth threshold.

[0065] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the fifth threshold can be determined based on the temperature of the battery pack or the charging rate and discharging rate of the second battery pack. If the voltage of any single second battery cell in the second battery pack is less than the fifth threshold, and the remaining charge of the first battery pack is greater than the fourth threshold, the first battery pack is controlled to charge the second battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit to reduce the impact of the low charge of the second battery pack on its lifespan.

[0066] In some embodiments, if the charging time of the first battery pack is less than the charging time of the second battery pack, the controller is further configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit before the charging device charges the first battery pack.

[0067] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, if the charging time of the first battery pack is less than the charging time of the second battery pack, the controller can control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit for a period of time before the charging device charges the first battery pack, which can improve the charging efficiency of the battery system and reduce the charging time of the battery system.

[0068] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the first battery pack to output the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack.

[0069] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, if the second battery pack malfunctions, the controller controls the first battery pack to output the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit, which enables the second battery pack to supply power to the first load in a timely manner and reduces the impact of the first load power failure.

[0070] In some embodiments, the battery system includes a battery device, the battery device including a housing, the housing having a battery cavity, the battery cavity including a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity, the first battery pack being disposed in the first battery cavity, the second battery pack being disposed in the second battery cavity, and a partition structure being provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, the partition structure being capable of blocking at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

[0071] In some embodiments, the partition structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

[0072] In some embodiments, the housing includes a frame, a bottom cover plate, and a top cover plate, wherein the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate are connected to opposite sides of the frame along a first direction;

[0073] The partition structure includes a partition beam, with the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity located on both sides of the partition beam. The partition beam is connected to the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate on opposite sides along the first direction, and the two ends of the partition structure along its extension direction are connected to the frame.

[0074] In some embodiments, the battery device further includes a sealing gasket, wherein the sealing gasket is provided between the partition beam and the top cover plate, and the sealing gasket is provided between the frame and the top cover plate; and / or, the sealing gasket is provided between the partition beam and the bottom cover plate, and the sealing gasket is provided between the frame and the bottom cover plate.

[0075] In some embodiments, the housing is further provided with an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components, and at least one of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity;

[0076] The housing is provided with an electrical cavity separator, which is used to isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity.

[0077] In some embodiments, the electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole, and the battery device further includes an adapter, the adapter being sealed through the mounting hole, one end of the adapter being electrically connected to at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the other end of the adapter being disposed inside the electrical cavity.

[0078] In some embodiments, the electrical cavity, the first battery cavity, and the second battery cavity are arranged in the same layer; or,

[0079] The electrical cavity, the first battery cavity, and the second battery cavity are arranged in two layers.

[0080] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, through which the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber are depressurized.

[0081] In some embodiments, the frame includes side beams, and the hollow cavities within the side beams form pressure relief chambers; the pressure relief mechanism communicates with the pressure relief chambers, and the first battery cavity is able to communicate with the pressure relief chambers in the event of thermal runaway of the first battery pack; the second battery cavity is able to communicate with the pressure relief chambers in the event of thermal runaway of the second battery pack; and

[0082] The pressure relief chamber is provided with a vent corresponding to the battery chamber, and each vent is provided with a sealing structure. The sealing structure can be actuated under preset conditions to connect the battery chamber and the pressure relief chamber.

[0083] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a plurality of pressure relief mechanisms, the first battery cavity is correspondingly provided with one pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly provided with another pressure relief mechanism.

[0084] In some embodiments, the battery device further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.

[0085] In some embodiments, the thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component, wherein the first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack, and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack.

[0086] In some embodiments, the first battery cell group and the second battery cell group are arranged in two layers;

[0087] The thermal management component is located between the first battery cell group and the second battery cell group.

[0088] In some embodiments, the number of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity includes one or more of the following:

[0089] (1) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged at least along the length direction of the housing;

[0090] (2) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged at least along the width direction of the housing;

[0091] (3) One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing;

[0092] (4) A plurality of first battery cavities and a plurality of second battery cavities are arranged alternately.

[0093] In some embodiments, a first exhaust channel corresponding to the first battery pack and a second exhaust channel corresponding to the second battery pack are formed inside the housing, and the exhaust paths of the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel are different.

[0094] In some embodiments, the first battery cell has a first cell pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to communicate with the first exhaust channel.

[0095] The second battery cell has a second cell pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to communicate with the second exhaust channel;

[0096] The first unit pressure relief mechanism and the second unit pressure relief mechanism are respectively arranged in different directions.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first battery cell without a negative electrode meets one of the following conditions:

[0098] (1) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh;

[0099] (2) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh;

[0100] (3) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

[0101] In some embodiments, the negative electrode-free battery cell includes one or more of lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells and sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells.

[0102] In some embodiments, the negative electrode-free battery cell includes at least a lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, wherein the energy density of the lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell is 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.

[0103] Optionally, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, and spinel phase lithium manganese-based oxide.

[0104] Further optionally, the olivine-phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate; the ratio of the number of moles of nickel to the total number of moles of transition metal elements in the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide is 0.5 or more, or 0.7 or more.

[0105] In some embodiments, the negative electrode-free battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0106] (1) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 450 to 700 Wh / L.

[0107] (2) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 600 to 1000 Wh / L.

[0108] (3) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 800 to 2000 Wh / L.

[0109] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of the negative electrodeless battery cell is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0110] (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0111] (2) The thickness of the current collector ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm;

[0112] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm;

[0113] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa to 1600MPa;

[0114] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm, and further optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5μm-25μm.

[0115] In some embodiments, the cycle life of the negative electrode-free battery cell meets at least one of the following conditions:

[0116] (1) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of 150 to 400 cycles.

[0117] (2) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 50%, and has a cycle life of 200 to 550 cycles.

[0118] (3) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and has a cycle life of more than 550 cycles.

[0119] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is 0.05 to 10, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.1 to 8.0, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.12 to 6.0, and further optionally, the volume ratio is in the range of 1.0 to 5.0.

[0120] In some embodiments, the first battery pack includes at least one first battery cell, which includes one or more of a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery.

[0121] Optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell.

[0122] Alternatively, the second battery cell may include at least the secondary battery.

[0123] In some embodiments, the chemical systems of the negative electrode-free battery cell and the second battery cell are different from those of the first battery cell.

[0124] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 30kWh.

[0125] In some embodiments, each of the first battery cells is independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII:

[0126] (1) Battery cell I, wherein the volumetric energy density of battery cell I is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, and battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material of the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell further includes silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide;

[0127] (2) Battery cell II, wherein the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 10% SOC-80% SOC greater than or equal to 2C at 25°C, optionally, the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or higher at 10% SOC-80% SOC, and further optionally, the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or higher at 10%-80% SOC;

[0128] (3) Battery cell III, wherein the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell III is not lower than 250°C; and / or, the overcharge boundary of the battery cell III is not lower than 140% SOC;

[0129] (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the charging time of battery cell IV from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10°C is less than or equal to 40 min; and / or, the capacity retention rate of battery cell IV at an ambient temperature of -20°C and charged at 0.33C is greater than 80%; and / or, battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides;

[0130] (5) Battery cell V, wherein the battery cell V is discharged to the lower limit cutoff voltage at a rate of 5C at 50% SOC, and the discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and preferably greater than or equal to 100s; and / or, the battery cell V is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, and the DC impedance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600W / kg and 5000W / kg;

[0131] (6) Battery cell VI, wherein when the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the battery cell VI is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles;

[0132] (7) Battery cell VII, wherein the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell and the first battery cell is not less than 95% when the battery cell VII is stored for 90 days at an ambient temperature of 45°C; and / or, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell and the first battery cell is not less than 98% when the battery cell VII is stored for 60 days at an ambient temperature of 60°C.

[0133] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is greater than that of the second battery cell and the first battery cell, and the first battery pack includes at least one or more of the battery cells II, IV, and VI.

[0134] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, ternary battery cell without negative electrode, and hybrid cathode battery cell without negative electrode.

[0135] The first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery.

[0136] A second aspect of the embodiments of this application also provides an electrical device, including a first load and a second load;

[0137] And the battery system as described in any of the above.

[0138] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0139] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system for body control.

[0140] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC), the battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

[0141] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

[0142] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0143] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0144] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of the battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0145] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0146] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the battery system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0147] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0148] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the fifth structure of the battery system provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0149] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the sixth structure of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0150] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the seventh structure of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0151] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the eighth structure of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0152] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the ninth structure of the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0153] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the vehicle structure provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0154] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0155] Figure 12 is an exploded perspective view of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0156] Figure 13 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery system shown in Figure 12 after the cover has been removed;

[0157] Figure 14 is a top view of the battery system shown in Figure 13;

[0158] Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the battery system shown in Figure 14 in another embodiment;

[0159] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in some other embodiments of this application;

[0160] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the battery cavity structure provided in some embodiments;

[0161] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the battery cell arrangement provided in some embodiments.

[0162] In the figures, the following labels are used: 3000, battery system; 1000, vehicle; 1100, battery device; 1200, controller; 1300, motor; 100, housing; 101, battery cavity; 1011, first battery cavity; 1012, second battery cavity; 102, electrical cavity; 10, tray; 11, side beam; 12, pressure relief cavity; 141, first inlet; 142, first outlet; 143, second inlet; 144, second outlet; 20, cover; 30, partition structure; 40, seal; 50, electrical cavity partition; 51, adapter; 61, pressure relief mechanism; 62, first pressure relief mechanism; 63, second pressure relief mechanism; 70, thermal management component; 71, first sub-thermal management component; 711, first heat exchange tube; 712, first current collector; 72. Second sub-thermal management component; 721. Second heat exchange tube; 722. Second current collector; 200. Electrical component; 300. First battery pack; 310. First battery cell; 311. First cell pressure relief mechanism; 320. First main terminal; 400. Second battery pack; 410. Second battery cell; 420. Second main terminal; 421. Second cell pressure relief mechanism; 700. Output interface. Detailed Implementation

[0163] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0164] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0165] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0166] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The phrase "second connection port" at various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0167] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0168] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple frames" refers to two or more (including two).

[0169] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0170] With the dwindling availability of traditional energy resources, the development of new energy storage devices is receiving increasing attention. Among these, secondary batteries are not only used in energy storage systems for hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but are also widely applied in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars. As the application areas of secondary batteries as power batteries continue to expand, the market demand is also constantly increasing, while the performance requirements for these batteries are becoming increasingly stringent.

[0171] Currently, with the widespread application of rechargeable batteries in new energy vehicles, users often switch between using the same battery system in multiple application scenarios, leading to increasing demands for both functionality and range. However, for battery cells with a single chemical system, performance improvements often come at a cost; that is, it's difficult for a single battery cell within the same system to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics, let alone maximize the performance of a particular characteristic. Therefore, achieving longer battery range is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.

[0172] In this embodiment, a high-energy-density battery pack can be used to replenish a low-energy-density battery pack, thus achieving a longer battery life. The battery cells in the high-energy-density battery pack typically include at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cells, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cells, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cells, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cells, and lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, all with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Alternatively, they may include at least one of the following: semi-solid-state battery cells and all-solid-state battery cells.

[0173] Battery energy density can refer to the ratio of the energy that can be charged into a given electrochemical energy storage device to the mass or volume of the energy storage medium.

[0174] Among them, lithium-ion anode-free batteries (AFB) are lithium-ion batteries manufactured without a conventional anode active material (such as graphite, silicon, silicon oxide, etc.) on the anode current collector. A lithium metal layer is formed on the anode during the first charge and discharge after battery assembly. Alternatively, a very thin layer of lithium metal can be pre-placed on the current collector surface as an initial lithium source to better guide lithium deposition. To minimize the impact on anode interface morphology, resistivity, and lifespan, AFB batteries are typically charged at a lower rate; however, this undoubtedly affects the charging efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0175] In related technologies, high-energy-density battery packs can provide battery systems with stronger endurance. However, the lifespan of battery systems containing high-energy-density battery packs is greatly affected by usage conditions, which is a problem that urgently needs to be solved.

[0176] Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a schematic diagram of a battery system provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the battery system provided in this embodiment may include a first battery pack 300, 400 and a voltage conversion circuit 201, wherein the second battery pack 400 includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; the voltage conversion circuit 201 is connected to the second battery pack 400; the controller 1200 is used to control the voltage conversion circuit 201 to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate when the battery system is in a charging state, wherein the first rate is ≤1C.

[0177] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, by setting a first battery pack and a second battery pack in the battery system, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell, and controlling the second battery pack to charge at a small charging rate, the lifespan of the battery system containing the negative electrode-free battery is extended and the battery system's range is improved.

[0178] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 may be a battery management system (BMS), which performs at least one of the following functions: battery status monitoring, status analysis, charge / discharge control, safety protection, thermal management, high-voltage power distribution, and information management. In addition, the battery management system may also be configured to implement at least some of the functions of a controller in an electrical device, such as implementing some functions of a vehicle control unit (VCU) or a motor control unit (MCU), and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0179] It should be noted that the physical device of the controller in this application can be integrated into the battery device, such as into the battery pack; it can also be integrated into the electrical device, such as into the vehicle or the vehicle chassis; or it can be integrated into the charging device, such as into the charging device or the battery swapping device.

[0180] The controller 1200 in this application can also be deployed as control software on a server. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, intelligent computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms, such as vehicle networking cloud, APP backend, etc.

[0181] In some embodiments, referring to FIG2, the voltage conversion circuit 201 is also connected to the first battery pack 300; the first battery pack 300 is used to charge and discharge each other through the voltage conversion circuit 201 and the second battery pack 400 so that the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is within a preset range.

[0182] In this embodiment of the application, the voltage conversion circuit 201 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively. The first battery pack 300 can charge and discharge with the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201. The second battery pack 400, which has a higher energy density, can replenish the first battery pack 300, so that the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is kept within a preset range, thereby improving the battery system's endurance.

[0183] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the second battery pack 400 to be charged or discharged through the voltage conversion circuit 201 when the second battery pack 400 has not been charged or discharged for a first preset period of time, so that the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400 is in the range of 20% to 80%.

[0184] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 400 includes a single cell without a negative electrode. During discharge, the single cell completely consumes the active lithium on the negative electrode side (e.g., lithium metal dissolution). During charging, lithium ions are released from the positive electrode and deposited on the surface of the negative electrode current collector to form a lithium metal layer. If the battery is not charged or discharged for a first preset time, the dynamic balance of the lithium metal interface may be disrupted, leading to uncontrolled SEI film thickness, dendrite formation, and material degradation. The battery life may be impaired during prolonged dormancy. Therefore, if the second battery pack 400 is detected to have not discharged or charged for a continuous first preset time, the controller 1200 controls the voltage conversion circuit 201 to charge or discharge the second battery pack 400, ensuring that the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400 is maintained within the range of 20% to 80% of its total state of charge (SOC), which helps to improve the lifespan of the second battery pack 400.

[0185] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the charging device to charge the first battery pack 300 at a second rate greater than the first rate when the battery system is connected to a charging device.

[0186] In this embodiment of the application, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, the controller 1200 can control the charging device to charge the first battery pack 300 at a second rate. The chemical characteristics of the first battery pack 300 are different from those of the second battery pack 400. By setting the second rate to be greater than the first rate, it is beneficial to improve the charging speed of the first battery pack 300.

[0187] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2, the voltage conversion circuit 201 is also connected to the first battery pack 300; the controller 1200 is also configured to, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, control the charging device to charge the first battery pack 300, and control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0188] In this embodiment of the application, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, the charging device is controlled to charge the first battery pack 300, and the first battery pack 300 is controlled to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201. The output voltage of the first battery pack 300 is greater than the output voltage of the second battery pack 400. Energy is transferred through the voltage conversion circuit during the charging process, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the battery system.

[0189] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is configured to control the charging device to charge the first battery pack 300 when the rated charging current of the charging device is greater than the first current, and to control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 at the first rate through the voltage conversion circuit 201; wherein, the first current includes the charging demand current of the first battery pack 300 and the charging demand current of the second battery pack 400.

[0190] In this embodiment of the application, when the rated charging current of the charging device is greater than the first current, that is, when the charging current that the charging device can provide can meet the charging current requirements of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, the charging device is controlled to charge the first battery pack 300, and the first battery is controlled to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate through the voltage conversion circuit 201, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the battery system.

[0191] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is configured to determine the actual charging current of the first battery pack 300 and the actual discharging current of the first battery pack 300 to the second battery pack 400 based on the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 and the remaining charge of the second battery pack 400, when the rated charging current of the charging device is not greater than a first current, and control the charging device to charge the first battery pack 300 based on the actual charging current of the first battery pack 300, and control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 based on the actual discharging current; wherein, the first current includes the charging demand current of the first battery pack 300 and the charging demand current of the second battery pack 400.

[0192] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, when the rated charging current of the charging device is not greater than the first current, that is, when the charging current that the charging device can provide does not meet the charging current requirements of the first battery pack and the charging current requirements of the second battery pack, the actual charging current of the first battery pack and the actual discharging current of the first battery pack to the second battery pack can be determined according to the remaining power of the first battery pack and the remaining power of the second battery pack, so as to realize energy distribution based on the different needs of the battery packs.

[0193] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3, the controller 1200 is further configured to, when the first battery pack 300 is connected to the first charging device 2001 and the second battery pack 400 is connected to the second charging device 2002, control the first charging device 2001 to charge the first battery pack 300 at a second rate and control the second charging device 2002 to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate, wherein the second rate is greater than the first rate.

[0194] In this embodiment, the chemical characteristics of the first battery pack 300 are different from those of the second battery pack 400. Because the first battery pack 300 has a lower energy density, it can receive high-current charging with minimal impact on its lifespan. However, because the second battery pack 400 includes cells without negative electrodes, excessive charging current significantly impacts its lifespan. Therefore, when the first battery pack 300 is connected to the first charging device 2001 and the second battery pack 400 is connected to the second charging device 2002, the first charging device 2001 can be controlled to charge the first battery pack 300 at a second rate, and the second charging device 2002 can be controlled to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate. By setting the second rate to be greater than the first rate, it is beneficial to improve the charging speed of the charging system with minimal impact on the lifespan of the second battery pack.

[0195] In some embodiments, referring to FIG4, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are respectively connected to the current distributor 900; the controller 1200 is further configured to control the current distributor 900 to charge the first battery pack 300 at a second rate and charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate.

[0196] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 400 includes a single battery cell without a negative electrode. Excessive charging current has a significant impact on its battery life. Therefore, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, the controller 1200 can adjust the charging current of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 by controlling the current distributor 900. This allows the charging device to charge the first battery pack 300 at a second rate and the second battery pack 400 at a first rate. Since the second rate is greater than the first rate, it is beneficial to improve the charging speed of the charging system while having a smaller impact on the lifespan of the second battery pack.

[0197] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the voltage conversion circuit 201 to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate when the battery system is in a charging state, wherein the first rate is ≤0.5C; optionally, the first rate is ≤0.2C.

[0198] In this embodiment of the application, when the battery system is connected to the charging device, the battery system is in charging mode. When the battery system is in charging mode, the controller 1200 controls the voltage conversion circuit 201 to charge the second battery pack 400 at a first rate, which is beneficial to extend the battery life of the second battery pack 400.

[0199] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the second battery pack 400 to provide a first voltage to the first load at a third rate through the voltage conversion circuit 201, wherein the third rate is ≥3C.

[0200] In this embodiment of the application, the second battery pack 400 can be controlled to discharge at a third rate, so that the second battery pack 400 can discharge to the outside at a higher third rate.

[0201] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit 201 is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively; the controller 1200 is further configured to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, so as to provide a first voltage to the first load through the first battery pack 300.

[0202] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 400 charges the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, and the first battery pack 300 provides a first voltage to the first load, thereby improving the battery system's range. In some embodiments, referring to FIG5, the battery system further includes a switching circuit, which is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively, for controlling the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 to be connected in series.

[0203] In this embodiment of the application, controlling the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in series by a switching circuit can improve the output voltage of the battery system.

[0204] In some embodiments, referring to FIG6, the voltage conversion circuit 201 includes a first voltage conversion device; the first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively; the first battery pack 300 charges the second battery pack 400 through the first voltage conversion device.

[0205] In some embodiments, referring to FIG6, the voltage conversion circuit 201 includes a first voltage conversion device; the first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively; the second battery pack 400 charges the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion device.

[0206] In some embodiments, referring to FIG6, the voltage conversion circuit 201 includes a first voltage conversion device; the first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively; the first battery pack 300 charges the second battery pack 400 through the first voltage conversion device, and the second battery pack 400 charges the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion device.

[0207] In this embodiment, the first voltage conversion device is connected between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400. The controller 1200 can control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 through the first voltage conversion device, and can also control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion device. The first voltage conversion device can be a bidirectional voltage conversion device, which can realize the conversion of electrical energy between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400.

[0208] In some embodiments, the first battery pack 300 is further configured to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, and the second battery pack 400 is further configured to provide the first voltage to the first load 610 via a voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0209] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 is also used to provide a first voltage to the first load 610. The controller 1200 can control the voltage conversion circuit 201 to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into the first voltage and output it to the first load 610 to supply power to the first load 610. This provides two power supplies to the first load 610. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, the other battery pack can serve as a backup power source to provide the first voltage to the first load, thus improving the power supply reliability of the battery system. In some embodiments, referring to FIG7, the voltage conversion circuit 201 further includes a second voltage conversion device 2102 connected to the second battery pack 400. The second battery pack 400 is used to output the first voltage to the first load 610 through the second voltage conversion device 2102.

[0210] In this embodiment, the first battery pack 300 is further configured to provide a first voltage to the first load 610. The controller 1200 can control the second voltage conversion device 2102 to convert the second voltage provided by the second battery pack 400 into the first voltage and output it to the first load 610 to supply power to the first load 610. This provides two power supplies to the first load 610. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, the other battery pack can serve as a backup power source to provide the first voltage to the first load, thereby improving the power supply reliability of the battery system. In some embodiments, the first battery pack 300 is further configured to provide a second voltage to the second load 620 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, and the second battery pack 400 is further configured to provide the second voltage to the second load 620.

[0211] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the first battery pack is also used to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit. The controller can control the voltage conversion circuit to convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second load to supply power to the second load, thereby providing two power supplies to the second load. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, the other battery pack can serve as a backup power supply to provide the second voltage to the second load, improving the power supply reliability of the battery system. In some embodiments, referring to FIG8, the voltage conversion circuit 201 further includes a third voltage conversion device 2013 connected to the first battery pack 300, and the first battery pack 300 is used to provide the second voltage to the second load 620 through the third voltage conversion device 2013.

[0212] In the technical solution of the application embodiment, the first battery pack is further used to provide a second voltage to the second load through a third voltage conversion device. The controller can control the third voltage conversion device to convert the first voltage provided by the first battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the second load to supply power to the second load, thereby providing two power supplies to the second load. In the event of an abnormality in one battery pack, the other battery pack can serve as a backup power source to provide the second voltage to the second load, thus improving the power supply reliability of the battery system. In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is further used to control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201 in a first preset state.

[0213] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:

[0214] (1) When the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is lower than the power threshold;

[0215] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack 300 is less than the first threshold;

[0216] (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second threshold.

[0217] In this embodiment, the power threshold can be 20%, and the power threshold can also be adjusted by the controller 1200 according to the electrical parameters of the first battery pack 300. The first threshold and the second threshold can be set according to the electrical parameters of the first battery pack 300. If the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is lower than the power threshold, the controller 1200 controls the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, so that the second battery pack 400 can replenish the power of the first battery pack 300, improving the battery system's range. If the remaining power of any single battery cell in the first battery pack 300 is less than the first threshold, or if the voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second threshold, the controller 1200 controls the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, so that the second battery pack 400 can replenish the power of the first battery pack 300, improving the battery system's range.

[0218] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is further configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack 400 to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, and control the second battery pack 400 to provide a first voltage to the first load 610;

[0219] The second preset state includes the first battery pack 300 outputting a first voltage to the first load 610, and at least one of the following states:

[0220] (1) When the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is lower than the power threshold;

[0221] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack 300 is less than the first threshold;

[0222] (3) When the voltage of any one of the battery cells in the first battery pack 300 is lower than the second threshold.

[0223] In this embodiment, the power threshold can be 20%, and the power threshold can also be adjusted by the controller 1200 according to the electrical parameters of the first battery pack 300. The first threshold and the second threshold can be set according to the electrical parameters of the first battery pack 300. If the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is lower than the power threshold, the second battery pack 400 can be controlled to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, thereby switching the power supply from the first battery pack 300 to the first load 610 to the second battery pack 400. At the same time, the second battery pack 400 is controlled to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, thereby improving the battery system's range. If the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack 300 is less than a first threshold, or the voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack 300 is lower than a second threshold, then the second battery pack 400 is controlled to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, thereby switching the power supply from the first battery pack 300 to the first load 610 to the second battery pack 400. At the same time, the second battery pack 400 is controlled to charge the first battery pack 300 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, so that the second battery pack 400 can replenish the power of the first battery pack 300, thereby improving the battery system's range.

[0224] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 includes a plurality of second battery cells; the controller 1200 is further configured to control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201 when the remaining power of any one of the second battery cells is less than a third threshold and the remaining power of the first battery pack 300 is greater than a fourth threshold.

[0225] In this embodiment, the third and fourth thresholds can be determined based on the temperature of the battery pack or the vehicle's operating mode. If the remaining charge of any single second battery cell in the second battery pack 400 is less than the third threshold, and the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is greater than the fourth threshold, the first battery pack 300 is controlled to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0226] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 400 includes a plurality of second battery cells; the controller 1200 is further configured to control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201 when the voltage of any one of the second battery cells is less than a fifth threshold and the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is greater than a fourth threshold.

[0227] In this embodiment, the fifth threshold can be determined based on the temperature of the battery pack or the charging and discharging rates of the second battery pack 400. If the voltage of any single second battery cell in the second battery pack 400 is less than the fifth threshold, and the remaining charge of the first battery pack 300 is greater than the fourth threshold, the first battery pack 300 is controlled to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201.

[0228] In some embodiments, when the charging time of the first battery pack 300 is less than the charging time of the second battery pack 400, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201 before the charging device charges the first battery pack 300.

[0229] In this embodiment, if the charging time of the first battery pack 300 is less than the charging time of the second battery pack 400, the controller 1200 can control the first battery pack 300 to charge the second battery pack 400 through the voltage conversion circuit 201 for a period of time before the charging device charges the first battery pack 300, which can improve the charging efficiency of the battery system and reduce the charging time of the battery system.

[0230] In some embodiments, the controller 1200 is further configured to control the first battery pack 300 to output the first voltage to the first load 610 through the voltage conversion circuit 201 in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 400.

[0231] In this embodiment of the application, if the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the controller 1200 controls the first battery pack 300 to output the first voltage to the first load 610 through the voltage conversion circuit 201, which enables the second battery pack 400 to supply power to the first load 610 in a timely manner and reduces the impact of the first load 610 losing power.

[0232] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle as an example of an electrical device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0233] Referring to Figure 10, the vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery pack is installed inside the vehicle, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. The battery pack can be used to power the vehicle; for example, it can serve as the vehicle's operating power source. The vehicle may also include a controller and a motor. The controller is used to control the battery pack's power supply to the motor, for example, to meet the vehicle's power needs during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0234] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system described above includes a battery device that can serve not only as the operating power source for the vehicle but also as the driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.

[0235] As shown in Figure 11, the battery device mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack may include multiple individual battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.

[0236] In some embodiments, the battery pack is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0237] As an example, a battery pack can be a battery module, which consists of multiple battery cells arranged and fixed together to form an independent module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.

[0238] In some embodiments, the battery device further includes a housing in which the battery pack is housed.

[0239] As an example, the battery pack can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0240] As an example, battery packs can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple individual battery cells to the housing.

[0241] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure. The first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0242] As an example, the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, creating an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack.

[0243] In some embodiments, the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.

[0244] In some embodiments, the battery device refers to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.

[0245] In some embodiments, the battery cell can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0246] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application only take a vehicle as an example of an electrical device to illustrate the battery system provided in the embodiments of this application. The electrical device can also be other devices or equipment.

[0247] Referring to Figures 12 to 14, in some embodiments, the housing is provided with a battery cavity, which includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. A first battery pack 300 is disposed in the first battery cavity, and a second battery pack 400 is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure can block at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 in the event of thermal runaway.

[0248] The enclosure contains battery chambers and partition structures. The battery chambers house individual battery cells. The partition structures are structures that divide the internal space of the enclosure; for example, they may include partition beams, partition plates, baffles, or barrier mesh. The partition structures divide the battery chambers, creating at least one first battery chamber and one second battery chamber. The first and second battery chambers can be arranged in various ways; for example, they can be arranged along the width of the enclosure.

[0249] In some examples, the first battery pack 300 includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs, and the second battery pack 400 includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs. The first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 may include different battery packs. The first battery cell may refer to a battery cell in the first battery pack 300, and the second battery cell may refer to a battery cell in the second battery pack 400.

[0250] Multiple first battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. In this way, multiple smaller first battery cells are combined into a first battery pack 300 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system.

[0251] Multiple second battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. In this way, multiple smaller second battery cells are combined into a second battery pack 400 with specific performance characteristics, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system.

[0252] In some examples, the first and second battery cells may be of the same type or different types.

[0253] As an example, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can also be connected to form a battery module, with some battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack 300 and other battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack 300.

[0254] When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure substances inside the cell are released as emissions. This allows for pressure relief within the cell under controlled conditions, preventing potentially more serious accidents. Emissions from the battery cell mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or broken positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of separators, high-temperature, high-pressure gases generated during the reaction, flames, etc.

[0255] The separator structure may include fully sealed and / or semi-sealed components, such that the separator structure can block at least a portion of the emissions emitted after thermal runaway of a single battery cell. For example, the separator structure can at least block particles, including dissolved or fragmented positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the separator, etc.; for example, the separator structure can also be configured to block both particles and gases.

[0256] The separation structure is located between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. If the first battery cell in the first battery cavity experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the separation structure can prevent the emissions from flowing into the second battery cavity. Similarly, if the second battery cell in the second battery cavity experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the separation structure can also prevent the emissions from flowing into the first battery cavity.

[0257] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack 300 is disposed in the first battery cavity, and the second battery pack 400 is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure capable of blocking at least part of the emissions is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. Thus, in the event of thermal runaway in either the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400, the partition structure can prevent emissions from flowing to the other battery pack, allowing the other battery pack to operate normally and provide power to the electrical device, thereby improving the operational reliability of the battery system. Simultaneously, because a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity containing the first battery cell and the second battery cavity containing the second battery cell, the risk of thermal runaway of the entire battery system caused by thermal runaway of a single battery cell can be effectively reduced, thus reducing the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0258] In some embodiments, the partition structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

[0259] If the separation structure can seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, then the separation structure can completely block the emissions, including particles and gases, generated after the thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0260] Optionally, the partition structure includes a partition beam that is sealed to the inner wall of the housing to seal and isolate the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber.

[0261] By adopting the above technical solution, the separation structure can seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, so that there is no gas flow between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The emissions generated after thermal runaway of one of the first battery cells and the second battery cells will not be discharged into the cavity space of the other, which further reduces the risk of thermal runaway propagation between the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 and improves the reliability of the battery system.

[0262] In some embodiments, the housing includes a tray and a cover, the cover and the tray being disposed opposite each other along a first direction, the cover covering the tray; a partition structure divides the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity, the partition structure being connected to the cover and the tray respectively on opposite sides along the first direction.

[0263] The tray and lid are arranged opposite each other along a first direction (Z direction in the figure) and together enclose the receiving space of the box. The first direction is the height direction of the box. One end of the tray has an opening, and the lid covers the tray and closes the opening. Optionally, the tray includes a base plate and a frame. The base plate and the lid are arranged opposite each other along the first direction, and both ends of the frame are respectively connected to the base plate and the lid. The base plate and the frame can be an integral structure or separate structures that are fixedly connected.

[0264] The cover can be a plate or a box with one end open. When the battery system is installed in an electrical device, the cover can be a top cover located above the tray or a bottom cover located below the tray.

[0265] A partition structure is disposed within the housing and serves to divide the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. The partition structure enables the first battery cavity to be fully or partially sealed. The partition structure is connected to a cover and a tray on opposite sides along a first direction. For example, the partition structure includes a partition beam extending along the length of the housing. The two ends of the partition beam along the first direction are connected to the cover and the tray, respectively, and the two ends of the partition beam along its extension direction are connected to the inner wall of the tray. Thus, the partition beam can divide the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity arranged along its width direction. It is understood that the partition structure can also be other structures; for example, the partition structure divides the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity arranged along its length direction, or the partition structure divides the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity arranged along the first direction.

[0266] By adopting the above technical solution, the partition structure can connect the cover and the tray, and divide the space inside the box into a first battery chamber and a second battery chamber. The partition structure also serves to isolate space and block emissions, and the structure is simple.

[0267] In some embodiments, the cover seals the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, and the housing further includes a seal, with seals provided between the partition structure and the cover, and / or between the cover and the tray.

[0268] The space inside the tray can accommodate the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and the cover is sealed on the tray so that the cover can seal the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

[0269] The enclosure also includes seals, which are structural components used for sealing. Seals can be gaskets, seals, sealing sheets, etc., and can be made of materials such as silicone, rubber, foam, or composite materials. The seals effectively seal the gap between the partition structure and the enclosure.

[0270] For example, a seal is provided between the partition structure and the cover, so that the seal can seal the gap between the partition structure and the cover. For example, if the partition structure is a partition beam fixed in the tray, and the partition structure and the tray are integrally formed, then only a seal is needed between the partition structure and the cover.

[0271] For example, a seal is provided between the partition structure and the tray, so that the seal can seal the gap between the partition structure and the tray.

[0272] In some embodiments, a seal is provided between the cover and the tray to seal the gap between the cover and the tray, thereby improving the sealing performance between the cover and the tray.

[0273] In some embodiments, the seal is an integral structure including a sealing frame and a sealing strip disposed within the sealing frame. The sealing frame is located between the cover and the tray, and the sealing strip is located on one side of the partition structure along the first direction, which not only provides a good sealing effect but also facilitates assembly. It is understood that multiple seals can also be provided separately.

[0274] By incorporating seals, the sealing effect between the partition structure and the cover and / or tray can be improved, thereby enhancing the sealing and isolation effect between the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber, reducing the risk of emissions flowing between different chambers and the risk of thermal runaway propagation.

[0275] In some embodiments, the housing has an output interface for connecting to the power supply circuit of a load; a plurality of first battery cells in the first battery pack 300 are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal; a plurality of second battery cells in the second battery pack 400 are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal; the housing is further provided with an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components, at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the first main terminal and the output interface, at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the second main terminal and the output interface, and the output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity.

[0276] Electrical components include parts for managing and distributing the electrical energy output and input of the battery system, and may also include electrical components for managing and monitoring the operation of the battery system.

[0277] The power supply circuit of the load can refer to the power supply circuit of the load. The output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the load, and the electrical device can supply power to the load.

[0278] The output interface can refer to the electrical connection interface on the cavity wall of the electrical cavity. The output interface can be electrically connected to the first main terminal through some or all of the electrical components. The output interface can also be electrically connected to the second main terminal through some or all of the electrical components. The output interface is electrically connected to the first and second main terminals and is connected to the power supply circuit of the load, so that the electrical energy of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be output to the load to supply power to the load. The output interface is also a connection bridge between the battery system and the load, and has the function of realizing electrical energy transmission.

[0279] The wall of the electrical cavity is provided with a through hole, and the output interface is sealed and installed inside the through hole, and exposed outside the enclosure to facilitate the electrical connection between the output interface and the load.

[0280] In some examples, the output interface may include one or more connectors, and the number of loads may be one or more. Multiple loads may be electrically connected to the battery system through one connector, or multiple loads may be electrically connected to the battery system through multiple connectors. Connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc. Loads may include, but are not limited to, motors, air conditioners, compressors, batteries, etc.

[0281] In use, both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the load through the output interface, and both the first main terminal and the second main terminal are configured to be able to connect and disconnect from the load.

[0282] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the output interface can be directly passed through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity, which can shorten the wiring distance.

[0283] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load 610, and the output interface includes a first output interface for accessing the power supply circuit of the first load 610; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, and at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface through a first voltage conversion module to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, wherein the first voltage range is greater than or equal to 150V.

[0284] The first load 610 can refer to a load with a supply voltage of a first voltage; the first voltage is greater than or equal to 150V, and the first voltage can be any value above 150V; for example, the first voltage can be, but is not limited to, 150V, 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 1000V, or 1500V. For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, the first voltage is referred to as high voltage, and the first load 610 is referred to as a high-voltage load.

[0285] As an example, in a vehicle, loads are divided into high-voltage loads and low-voltage loads. High-voltage loads can include at least one of the vehicle's front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system is used to drive the front wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system is used to drive the rear wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer. Low-voltage loads include loads such as the vehicle's electronic control system, in-vehicle refrigerator, in-vehicle air conditioner, and 12V / 48V battery.

[0286] The power supply circuit of the first load 610 can refer to the power supply circuit of the first load 610. The first output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 610, and the battery system can supply power to the first load 610.

[0287] The first output interface can refer to the interface among the output interfaces used for electrical connection with the first load 610. The first output interface is electrically connected to the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the first output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 610, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can output to the first load 610 to provide the first voltage.

[0288] The voltage at the first main terminal is the output voltage of the first battery pack 300. The voltage at the second main terminal is the output voltage of the second battery pack 400.

[0289] The first voltage conversion module is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 differs from the first voltage required by the first load 610, the first voltage conversion module is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the first voltage of the first load 610, the first voltage conversion module may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the first voltage of the first load 610, a step-up operation may be performed. The first voltage conversion module can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc. The first voltage conversion module can be a unidirectional voltage conversion module or a bidirectional voltage conversion module.

[0290] In some examples, the first main terminal is electrically connected to the first load 610 via a first voltage conversion module, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal into the first voltage so that the first battery pack 300 can supply power to the first load 610.

[0291] In some examples, the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first load 610 via a first voltage conversion module, which converts the voltage of the second main terminal into the first voltage so that the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 610.

[0292] In some examples, both the first main terminal and the second main terminal are electrically connected to the first load 610 via a first voltage conversion module. The first voltage conversion module is used to convert the voltage of the first main terminal and the second main terminal into the first voltage, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 610.

[0293] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, when the voltage of the first main terminal and / or the second main terminal is not the first voltage, it can be converted into the first voltage required by the first load 610 by the first voltage conversion module, enabling the first load 610 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery system. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load 610 from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the service life of the first load 610 and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the battery system. Furthermore, the first voltage conversion module and the electrical components within the electrical cavity are highly integrated, resulting in a small footprint. Placing the first voltage conversion module within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery pack thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion module.

[0294] In some embodiments, the load includes a second load 620, and the output interface includes a second output interface for accessing the power supply circuit of the second load 620; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface through a second voltage conversion module to provide a second voltage to the second load 620, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0295] The second load 620 can refer to a load with a supply voltage of the second voltage; the second voltage is less than or equal to 60V, and can be any value above or below 60V; for example, the second voltage can be, but is not limited to, 1V, 5V, 10V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 30V, 45V, 48V, 50V, 55V, and 60V. For ease of explanation, in this embodiment, the second voltage is referred to as low voltage, and the second load 620 is referred to as low-voltage load.

[0296] For example, the second load 620 is a 12V battery, and the second voltage is 12V.

[0297] For example, the second load 620 is a 48V battery, and the second voltage is 48V.

[0298] The power supply circuit of the second load 620 can refer to the power supply circuit of the second load 620. The second output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the second load 620, and the battery system can supply power to the second load 620.

[0299] The second voltage conversion module is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 differs from the second voltage required by the second load 620, the second voltage conversion module is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the second voltage of the second load 620, the second voltage conversion module may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the second voltage of the second load 620, it may perform a step-up operation. The second voltage conversion module can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.

[0300] In some examples, the first main terminal is electrically connected to the second load 620 via a second voltage conversion module, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal into a second voltage so that the first battery pack 300 can supply power to the second load 620.

[0301] In some examples, the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second load 620 via a second voltage conversion module, which converts the voltage of the second main terminal into a second voltage so that the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the second load 620.

[0302] In some examples, the first main terminal and the second main terminal are electrically connected to the second load 620 via a second voltage conversion module. The second voltage conversion module is used to convert the voltages of the first main terminal and the second main terminal into a second voltage, so that both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can supply power to the second load 620.

[0303] In some cases, electrical devices (e.g., vehicles) typically have a built-in battery system that provides a second voltage to the second load 620. This embodiment adds an additional circuit that uses the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 to provide the second voltage to the second load 620, forming two power supply circuits for the second load 620. This creates a low-voltage redundant system. If the original power supply circuit for the second load 620 fails, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can still supply power to the load, allowing the second load 620 to continue operating stably. Furthermore, the second voltage conversion module and the electrical components within the electrical cavity are highly integrated, resulting in a small footprint. Placing the second voltage conversion module within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion module.

[0304] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load 610, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting to a power supply circuit of the first load 610; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface through a first voltage conversion module to provide a first voltage to the first load 610, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V; the load includes a second load 620, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting to a power supply circuit of the second load 620; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, at least one of the second main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface through a second voltage conversion module to provide a second voltage to the second load 620, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.

[0305] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, an additional circuit is added to provide a second voltage to the second load 620 using the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 620. This ensures that if the original power supply circuit for the second load 620 fails, the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can still supply power to the load, allowing the second load 620 to continue operating stably. Furthermore, the first and second voltage conversion modules are highly integrated with the electrical components within the electrical cavity, resulting in a small footprint. Placing the first and second voltage conversion modules within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion module.

[0306] In some embodiments, the housing further includes an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components. The housing includes an electrical cavity partition for sealing and isolating the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity. The electrical cavity partition has mounting holes. The battery system also includes an adapter that is sealed through the mounting holes. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least some of the electrical components in the electrical cavity.

[0307] The electrical cavity separator seals and isolates the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity, and also seals and isolates the electrical cavity from the second battery cavity. It can be understood that the electrical cavity separator may also seal and isolate one of the first and second battery cavities from the electrical cavity, while allowing the other to be connected to or partially sealed away from the electrical cavity. For example, if the thermal runaway risk of the first battery pack 300 is higher than that of the second battery pack 400, then the electrical cavity separator seals and isolates the first battery cavity from the electrical cavity.

[0308] An electrical cavity partition is a partition that can provide a sealing and isolation function. Optionally, the electrical cavity partition may include structures such as partition beams, partition plates, and sealing strips.

[0309] In some embodiments, the electrical cavity and the battery cavity are located on the same layer of the housing, and the electrical cavity partition is a partition beam structure. Optionally, the first and second battery cavities are arranged along the length direction of the housing, while the electrical cavity and battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing, so that the partition structure intersects the electrical cavity partition perpendicularly. It can be understood that the structure of the electrical cavity partition can be set according to the structure and position of the electrical cavity. In other embodiments, the electrical cavity is arranged in two layers with the first and second battery cavities. Optionally, the first and second battery cavities are located on one layer, and the electrical cavity is located on another layer. In this case, the electrical cavity partition is a partition plate.

[0310] The adapter is a conductive connecting element. The electrical cavity partition has a through-hole mounting hole, and the adapter is sealed through this hole. Optionally, the adapter has a sealing component, which seals the gap between the mounting hole and the adapter.

[0311] Optionally, the first battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity, and the first battery cavity is isolated from the second battery cavity. The two ends of the adapter are located in the first battery cavity and the electrical cavity, respectively. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to the first battery pack 300, and the other end is electrically connected to the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the first battery pack 300 is electrically connected to the electrical components through the adapter. In this way, when thermal runaway occurs in the first battery cavity, the impact on the electrical cavity and the second battery cavity can be reduced.

[0312] Optionally, the second battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity, and the first battery cavity is isolated from the second battery cavity. The two ends of the adapter are located in the second battery cavity and the electrical cavity, respectively. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to the second main terminal, and the other end is electrically connected to the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the second battery pack 400 is electrically connected to the electrical components through the adapter. In this way, when the first battery cavity experiences thermal runaway, the impact on the electrical cavity and the first battery cavity can be reduced.

[0313] Preferably, the electrical cavity is sealed and isolated from both the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, so that the emissions generated after the thermal runaway of the first battery cell and / or the second battery cell are not easily discharged into the electrical cavity, making the electrical components less susceptible to the effects of thermal runaway of the battery cells and reducing the impact of thermal runaway on the battery system. Furthermore, if both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be connected to the load through electrical components, if one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 experiences thermal runaway, the other may still be electrically connected to the load through the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the battery system can still supply power to the load, thereby improving the reliability of the battery system.

[0314] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber, the first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack 300 experiences thermal runaway, and the second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack 400 experiences thermal runaway.

[0315] The pressure relief mechanism on the enclosure can release the pressure inside the enclosure when actuated. The pressure relief mechanism can be in the form of an explosion-proof valve, air valve, pressure relief valve or safety valve, etc., and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive element or structure. When the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or a weak part in the pressure relief mechanism breaks, an opening or channel is formed for the internal pressure to be released.

[0316] "Actuation" of a pressure relief mechanism refers to the mechanism being activated or brought to a certain state, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the housing. The actions of the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to: at least one part of the mechanism rupturing, breaking, tearing, or opening, etc.

[0317] The housing is equipped with one or more pressure relief mechanisms, as shown in Figure 15. In some embodiments, the housing is equipped with at least one pressure relief mechanism, and the housing contains a pressure relief chamber, with the pressure relief mechanism connected to the pressure relief chamber. If the first battery pack 300 experiences thermal runaway, the first battery chamber can connect to the pressure relief chamber and, under preset conditions, be depressurized through the pressure relief mechanism; if the second battery pack 400 experiences thermal runaway, the second battery chamber can connect to the pressure relief chamber and, under preset conditions, be depressurized through the pressure relief mechanism.

[0318] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting up a pressure relief chamber, a pressure relief space is formed on the housing. Both the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can release pressure to the outside of the housing through the pressure relief chamber and the pressure relief mechanism, thereby reducing the impact of thermal runaway of one battery pack on the other battery pack. Furthermore, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can share a pressure relief chamber and the pressure relief mechanism, reducing the cost of the pressure relief mechanism.

[0319] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG13, the housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism, the first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism.

[0320] The first battery chamber is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, so that the discharge from the first battery chamber can be discharged to the outside of the housing through the first pressure relief mechanism. The second battery chamber is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism, so that the discharge from the first battery chamber can be discharged to the outside of the housing through the second pressure relief mechanism.

[0321] Since the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber are isolated, by setting a first pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the first battery chamber and a second pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the second battery chamber, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be pressured independently, and are less likely to affect each other, thus improving the reliability of the battery system.

[0322] It is understandable that there are more than two pressure relief mechanisms. For example, if the box is equipped with a sealed and isolated first battery chamber, second battery chamber and third battery chamber, then there can be three pressure relief mechanisms.

[0323] Referring to Figures 12 to 16, in some embodiments, the battery system further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400.

[0324] When an electrochemical reaction occurs inside a battery cell, heat is generated. As the battery is cycled, the cells continuously generate heat, causing the internal temperature of the battery system to gradually rise and affecting its performance. Thermal management components are used to regulate the temperature of the battery cells, including cooling them down or heating them up in low-temperature environments to bring them back to their normal operating temperature range.

[0325] The thermal management component contains heat exchange channels for the flow of a heat exchange medium, which can be a fluid (liquid) or a gas. Temperature regulation refers to heating or cooling multiple battery cells. Optionally, the fluid can be circulating to achieve better temperature regulation. The fluid can be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, etc. For example, in the case of cooling or lowering the temperature of battery cells, the thermal management component contains a cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of multiple battery cells. In this case, the thermal management component can also be called a cooling component, cooling system, or cooling plate, and the fluid it contains can be called a cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, a coolant or a cooling gas. When the fluid contained in the thermal management component is a coolant, the thermal management component can also be called a liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate contacts the battery cells and can be used to reduce the temperature of the battery cells to prevent thermal runaway.

[0326] In this embodiment, the thermal management component can perform thermal management on at least one of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, so that the first battery pack 300 and / or the second battery pack 400 can operate within the optimal operating range, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the battery system and extending the service life of the battery system.

[0327] In some embodiments, the thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component, wherein the first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack 300 and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack 400.

[0328] The first sub-thermal management component is disposed corresponding to the first battery pack 300, and the second sub-thermal management component is disposed corresponding to the second battery pack 400. In some embodiments, the battery cavity includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity, then the first sub-thermal management component is disposed corresponding to the first battery cavity, and the second sub-thermal management component is disposed corresponding to the second battery cavity.

[0329] In some other embodiments, the first battery cell and the second battery cell are not isolated, and the first sub-thermal management component corresponds to the first battery cell, and the second sub-thermal management component corresponds to the second battery cell.

[0330] The first and second sub-thermal management components may be of the same or different types.

[0331] For example, both the first thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component are thermal management components used to exchange heat on the large surface of the battery cell. The first thermal management component includes a first heat exchange tube and a first current collector, and the second thermal management component includes a second heat exchange tube and a second current collector.

[0332] Optionally, the heat exchange areas of the first thermal management component and the second thermal management component are different. For example, the first heat exchange tube in the first thermal management component is relatively sparse, and a single large surface of the first battery cell exchanges heat with the first heat exchange tube; the second heat exchange tube in the second thermal management component is relatively dense, and both large surfaces of the second battery cell exchange heat with the second heat exchange tube. The aforementioned "large surface" refers to the surface with the largest area in the battery cell.

[0333] Optionally, the first thermal management component is a heat exchange plate that cools the bottom of the battery cell, and the second thermal management component is a thermal management component that exchanges heat on the large surface of the battery cell, which includes multiple second heat exchange tubes and second current collectors.

[0334] In addition, the first thermal management component and / or the second sub-thermal management component may also be thermal management components that exchange heat on the shoulder of the battery cell.

[0335] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 respectively perform thermal management through corresponding sub-thermal management components. The structures of the first thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component can be flexibly configured to adapt to the heat exchange requirements of the battery pack. Furthermore, if one sub-thermal management component fails due to blockage or other reasons, the other sub-thermal management component can still operate normally, improving the overall thermal management reliability of the battery system. Configuring independent thermal management components for the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 forms a redundant configuration of the thermal management equipment. If one of the first thermal management system or the second thermal management system malfunctions, it will not affect the use of the other thermal management component; or if either the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, it will not damage the thermal management component of the other battery pack, thereby improving the redundancy of the battery system. Furthermore, the heat exchange structures of the first thermal management component and the second thermal management component are different. By configuring different thermal management structures, zoned thermal management and zoned heat dissipation can be achieved, better matching the different needs of the battery pack.

[0336] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet (not shown) and a third outlet (not shown) communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component.

[0337] The housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet that communicate with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet that communicate with the second sub-thermal management component.

[0338] Optionally, the battery chamber includes a first battery chamber and a second battery chamber. A first inlet and a first outlet are correspondingly disposed on the wall of the first battery chamber, and are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component. A second inlet and a second outlet are correspondingly disposed on the wall of the second battery chamber, and are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component. Optionally, the first inlet and the first outlet are arranged vertically, and the second inlet and the second outlet are also arranged vertically to save space. Optionally, the first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet, and the second outlet are located on the same side of the housing for easy connection to the heat exchange medium source. Similarly, the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component are equipped with independent inlets and outlets, forming a redundant configuration from the inflow and outflow of the heat exchange medium, further improving the safety redundancy of the thermal management system.

[0339] In another embodiment, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first and second sub-thermal management components. The first and second sub-thermal management components each have heat exchange channels communicating with the third inlet and the third outlet, respectively. The third inlet and the third outlet are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first and second sub-thermal management components. Optionally, the thermal management component is provided with a channel for diverting flow to the first and second sub-thermal management components; the first and second sub-thermal management components can be arranged in parallel; alternatively, the first and second sub-thermal management components can also be arranged in series, or in a series-parallel configuration.

[0340] By adopting the above technical solution, both the first and second sub-thermal management components can form a circulating flow path, which facilitates connection to the heat exchange medium source.

[0341] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a first battery information management component and a second battery information management component. The first battery information management component is used to monitor and manage the state of a first battery cell in the first battery pack 300, and the second battery information management component is used to monitor and / or manage the state of a second battery cell in the second battery pack 400.

[0342] The first battery information management component is electrically connected to the first battery pack 300 and is used to monitor and manage the status of the first battery cells in the first battery pack 300. The status of the first battery cell includes at least one of the following: voltage, temperature, current, etc.

[0343] The second battery information management component is electrically connected to the first battery pack 300 and is used to monitor and manage the status of the second battery cells in the second battery pack 400. The status of the second battery cell includes at least one of the following: voltage, temperature, current, etc.

[0344] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 can be independently monitored and managed, so as to monitor the status of each battery pack separately; the first battery information management component and the second battery information management component are set separately, so that even if one of the battery information management components has a problem, the other battery information management component can still work normally, thus improving the reliability of the battery system.

[0345] In some embodiments, the first battery information management component includes a first cell monitoring circuit component (CSC), a first battery pack 300 control circuit board (CMC), and a first battery management circuit board component (BMS), and the second battery management component includes a second cell monitoring circuit component, a second battery pack 400 control circuit board, and a second battery management circuit board component.

[0346] The Cell Supervision Circuit (CSC) is a cell monitoring circuit, typically used as a bottom-level unit of the Battery Management System (BMS). Its function is to collect voltage and temperature data of individual battery cells or battery packs; it performs passive equalization (such as resistor discharge) and uploads the data to the BMS main control module.

[0347] The Cell Module Controller (CMC) is an intermediate layer between the Battery Management System (BMS) main controller and the Cell Module Control (CSC) in the Battery Module Controller 1200. Its function is to manage the data collected by multiple CSCs within a single battery module and transmit it to the BMS main controller; it also executes module-level balancing or thermal management strategies. The CMC can be used in large battery systems (such as energy storage or commercial vehicles) to achieve hierarchical management.

[0348] The Battery Management System (BMS) is the core control unit of the battery pack. Its functions include real-time monitoring of parameters such as cell voltage, temperature, and current; balancing cell state to prevent overcharging / over-discharging; estimating remaining charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH); and communicating with the vehicle control system to improve safety and performance. The BMS directly affects the battery system's lifespan, safety, and energy efficiency.

[0349] In some embodiments, the first battery information management component includes a first cell monitoring circuit component, a first battery pack 300 control circuit board, and a first battery management circuit board component, capable of independently monitoring and managing the first battery pack 300; the second battery information management component includes a second cell monitoring circuit component, a second battery pack 400 control circuit board, and a second battery management circuit board component, capable of monitoring and managing the second battery pack 400. By setting two independent battery information management components, independent monitoring and management of the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400 are achieved, improving the reliability of the battery system. On the one hand, if one of the first battery pack 300 or the second battery pack 400 malfunctions, the malfunctioning battery pack can be accurately located through the independent battery information management component; on the other hand, with independent battery information management components configured for the first battery pack 300 and the second battery pack 400, the battery information management component of the other battery pack will not be damaged when one battery pack experiences thermal runaway or malfunction, improving the redundancy configuration of the battery information management components and further enhancing the safety redundancy of the battery system in terms of battery information management components.

[0350] Please refer to Figures 10 to 18. In some embodiments, the number of first battery chambers and second battery chambers can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery chambers and second battery chambers includes one or more of the following:

[0351] Arrangement (1): The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the length of the box;

[0352] Arrangement method (2): The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the box;

[0353] Arrangement method (3): The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the height direction of the box;

[0354] Arrangement (4): One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located in one corner of the box;

[0355] Arrangement (5): Several first battery chambers and several second battery chambers are arranged alternately.

[0356] The number of first battery chambers and second battery chambers can be one or more. If there are multiple first battery chambers, each first battery chamber is used to accommodate a first battery pack 300, or each first battery chamber accommodates a plurality of first battery cells in the first battery pack 300. If there are multiple second battery chambers, each second battery chamber is used to accommodate a second battery pack 400, or each second accommodating chamber accommodates a plurality of second battery cells in the second battery pack.

[0357] The length direction of the housing is the direction of its longest side, the width direction is the direction of its second longest side, and the height direction is the direction of its shortest side. For example, if the housing includes a tray and a cover positioned opposite each other along a first direction, then the first direction is the height direction of the housing. If the battery system is used in a vehicle, then the length direction of the housing can be, but is not limited to, the front-rear direction of the vehicle. If the cross-section of the housing is approximately square, then the length, width, and height directions of the housing can be defined according to the placement of the battery system, etc.

[0358] Referring to Figure 17(a), the first and second battery cavities are arranged along the width of the housing; referring to Figure 17(b), the first and second battery cavities are arranged along the length of the housing; referring to Figure 17(c), the first battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing, and the second battery cavity is located in the remaining part of the battery cavity; referring to Figure 17(d), along the length of the housing, the first battery cavity, the second battery cavity, and another first battery cavity are arranged alternately, wherein the two first battery cavities can each accommodate a portion of the first battery cells in the first battery pack 300, or the two first battery cavities can each accommodate one first battery pack 300; or, referring to Figure 17(d), the first battery cavity, the second battery cavity, and the third battery cavity are arranged sequentially, and the third battery cavity is used to accommodate the third battery pack, which includes multiple third battery cells. Of course, the arrangement of the first and second battery cavities can also include various of the above-mentioned arrangements.

[0359] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be varied, offering high flexibility. The specific arrangement can be configured according to the applicable scenario, the system of the battery cells, and other requirements to meet various usage needs.

[0360] In addition, the arrangement of the first battery cell in the first battery cavity and the arrangement of the second battery cell in the second battery cavity can be varied, and can be combined with the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity to meet various usage requirements.

[0361] In some embodiments, within the first battery cavity, a plurality of first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing; within the second battery cavity, a plurality of first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing.

[0362] As shown in Figures 18(a), (b), and (d), in the first battery cavity, multiple first battery cells are arranged along the length and width of the housing, and / or, in the second battery cavity, multiple second battery cells are arranged along the length and width of the housing. It is understood that the number of first and second battery cells may be the same or different, and the number of rows and / or columns of the first and second battery cells may also be the same or different.

[0363] As shown in Figure 18(c), the long side of the first battery cell is aligned with the width of the first battery cavity. Inside the first battery cavity, multiple first battery cells are arranged in a row along the length or width of the housing. The first battery cell may be, but is not limited to, a blade battery. Alternatively, inside the second battery cavity, multiple second battery cells are arranged in a row along the length or width of the housing. The second battery cells may be, but are not limited to, a blade battery.

[0364] As shown in Figure 18(b), the long side of the first battery cell is aligned with the length of the first battery cavity. Within the first battery cavity, multiple first battery cells are arranged in multiple rows along the length of the first battery cavity and in multiple columns along the width of the first battery cavity. Alternatively, within the second battery cavity, multiple second battery cells are arranged in multiple rows along the length of the first battery cavity and in multiple columns along the width of the second battery cavity.

[0365] In addition, multiple first battery cells can be arranged in multiple layers along the height of the housing, and / or multiple second battery cells can be arranged in multiple layers along the height of the housing.

[0366] It should be noted that in any arrangement, the first battery cell and / or the second battery cell can be placed upright, upside down, or flat inside the casing. Upright means that the battery cell's terminals are set vertically upwards, upside down means that the battery cell's terminals are set vertically downwards, and flat means that the battery cell's terminals are facing the horizontal direction.

[0367] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the arrangement of the first battery cell and the second battery cell in the battery cavity can be varied, offering high flexibility. Specifically, it can be set according to the applicable cavity space, scenario, battery cell system, energy density, and other requirements to meet various usage needs.

[0368] In some embodiments, the negative electrode-free battery cell meets one of the following conditions: (1) when the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (2) when the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh; (3) when the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

[0369] For example, this includes lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells with a volumetric energy density of 450 Wh / L to 2000 Wh / L. For instance, in a lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell: the positive electrode active material includes lithium iron phosphate, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 450 to 700 Wh / L. Alternatively, the positive electrode active material can include two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 600 to 1000 Wh / L. Or, the positive electrode active material can include lithium-containing transition metal oxides, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 650 to 2000 Wh / L. By adjusting the type of positive electrode active material, the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively controlled. At the same time, the cycle life of lithium-ion electrodeless batteries with different positive electrode active materials also varies. Therefore, based on the frequency of the battery system's use of the second battery pack and the planned amount of electricity or mileage to replenish the first battery pack, different types of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells can be selected.

[0370] The negative electrode-free battery cell includes one or more of lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells and sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells.

[0371] A lithium-ion battery without a negative electrode (AFB) is a lithium-ion battery manufactured without a conventional negative electrode active material (such as graphite, silicon, silicon oxide, etc.) on the negative electrode current collector. A lithium metal layer is formed on the negative electrode during the first charge and discharge after battery assembly. Alternatively, a very thin layer of lithium metal can be pre-placed on the current collector surface as an initial lithium source to better guide lithium deposition.

[0372] Sodium-ion electrodeless battery cells operate on the same principle as lithium-ion electrodeless batteries, except that sodium ions are used instead.

[0373] Specifically, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and spinel-phase lithium-manganese-based oxide. Among them, olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate has a stable olivine structure, and during charging and discharging, the crystal structure changes little during lithium-ion insertion and extraction, maintaining structural stability and thus exhibiting excellent cycle performance. Optionally, the olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate. Taking lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide as an example, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide can achieve good cycle performance by optimizing the element ratio, and higher nickel content results in higher energy density. Optionally, the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide contains nickel, and the molar ratio of nickel to the total molar ratio of transition metal elements is 0.5 or higher, and more preferably 0.7 or higher. This results in higher energy density.

[0374] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell has a volumetric energy density of 450 Wh / L to 2000 Wh / L. For example, in the second battery cell, the positive electrode active material includes lithium iron phosphate, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 400 to 700 Wh / L. Alternatively, the positive electrode active material may include two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 600 to 1000 Wh / L. Or, the positive electrode active material may include lithium-containing transition metal oxides, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 650 to 2000 Wh / L. By adjusting the type of positive electrode active material, the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively controlled. Meanwhile, lithium-ion electrodeless batteries with different positive electrode active materials have different cycle lifespans. Therefore, based on the frequency of the battery system's use of the second battery pack and the planned amount of electricity or mileage to replenish the first battery pack, different types of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells can be selected.

[0375] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0376] (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil;

[0377] (2) The thickness range of the current collector is 3μm to 8μm;

[0378] (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm;

[0379] (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa~1600MPa;

[0380] (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm, and even more preferably, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5μm-25μm.

[0381] Using current collectors as negative electrodes not only significantly reduces battery costs but also enables batteries to achieve higher energy density. Specifically, the material of the negative electrode current collector in a negative electrode-free battery cell is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foils, such as copper foil.

[0382] Optionally, the thickness of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm. Current collectors within this thickness range are lightweight, which can improve energy density, reduce internal resistance, and optimize charge and discharge performance. Optionally, the surface roughness of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell is less than or equal to 0.3 μm, for example, 0.1 to 0.3 μm. The lower the roughness of the negative electrode current collector, the more uniform deposition sites it can provide for metal ions, which can better promote uniform metal deposition, reduce the probability of lithium dendrite formation, and improve the quality of the metal deposition layer. Optionally, the tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell can be from 400 MPa to 1600 MPa, for example, the tensile strength can be within the range of 400 MPa to 500 MPa, 500 MPa to 800 MPa, 800 MPa to 1000 MPa, 1000 MPa to 1200 MPa, 1200 MPa to 1600 MPa, etc. Higher tensile strength of the negative electrode current collector can better improve the structural stability of the battery cell, thereby extending battery life. Optionally, at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector in the electrodeless battery cell is provided with a lithium metal layer. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer ranges from 3 μm to 30 μm, and more preferably, the thickness ranges from 5 μm to 25 μm. The lithium metal layer can reduce polarization, improve interface performance, and guide uniform lithium ion deposition.

[0383] In this embodiment of the application, the second battery cell, a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode, exhibits good cycle performance under charge-discharge conditions at a certain rate. For example:

[0384] (1) The lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of more than 100 cycles. Optionally, the cycle life is 150 to 400 cycles.

[0385] (2) The lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 50%, and the cycle life is more than 200 cycles. Optionally, the cycle life is 200 to 550 cycles.

[0386] (3) The lithium-ion battery without negative electrode is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30% for more than 400 cycles, and optionally, the cycle life is more than 550 cycles.

[0387] Among these, the charging rate, usually denoted by "C," is a crucial indicator of battery charging speed and represents the ratio of the battery's charging current to its rated capacity. The discharging rate, similarly denoted by "C," measures the battery's discharging speed and represents the ratio of the battery's discharging current to its rated capacity. The depth of discharge (DOD) is an important parameter for measuring the battery's state of discharge; it refers to the percentage of the battery's rated capacity that has been discharged during use, reflecting the extent of energy released from a fully charged state to its current state of discharge. By applying these charging and discharging rates, lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells exhibit better cycle life within a lower depth of discharge range.

[0388] Inside the battery device housing, the volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is 0.05 to 10, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.1 to 8.0, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.12 to 6.0.

[0389] In the battery system of this application embodiment, the first battery pack includes at least one first battery cell, and the first battery cell includes one or more of a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery;

[0390] Optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell.

[0391] Alternatively, the second battery cell may include at least the secondary battery.

[0392] Further optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell.

[0393] In the above-mentioned solutions, secondary batteries can be repeatedly charged and discharged hundreds to thousands of times. The energy cost per cycle is low, and the energy density is high, making them suitable for scenarios that require long-term battery life (such as electric vehicles, mobile phones, and energy storage power stations). Secondary batteries offer a wide range of material systems to choose from, with different chemical systems meeting diverse needs and adapting to various scenarios (automotive starting batteries, UPS power supplies, electric vehicles, drones, energy storage power stations, electric buses, hybrid vehicles, emergency equipment, etc.).

[0394] Lithium-ion batteries, depending on the form of the electrolyte, can include: lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion polymer batteries, and solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Sodium-ion batteries include sodium-ion batteries and sodium metal batteries.

[0395] Supercapacitors are suitable for scenarios requiring instantaneous high power, such as electric vehicle acceleration / braking energy recovery, power grid frequency regulation, and UPS power supply instantaneous compensation; they can meet the needs of frequent charging and discharging, such as power tools and crane lifting systems; and in extreme temperature environments, such as aerospace and polar equipment, the power and charging and discharging capabilities of supercapacitors can still be effectively utilized.

[0396] Specifically, the "different chemical systems" of the first and second battery cells can refer to differences in at least one material among the positive electrode active material, negative electrode active material, or electrolyte, thus exhibiting different chemical systems. Batteries with different chemical systems possess different performance characteristics, enabling complementary advantages to adapt to a wider range of applications.

[0397] The volumetric energy density of the first battery cell can range from 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 30kWh. For example, the volumetric energy density of the first battery cell can be in the range of 200Wh / L to 400Wh / L, 400Wh / L to 500Wh / L, 500Wh / L to 800Wh / L, etc., specifically 200Wh / L, 250Wh / L, 300Wh / L, 350Wh / L, 400Wh / L, 450Wh / L, 500Wh / L, 550Wh / L, 600Wh / L, 700Wh / L, 800Wh / L, etc.; and the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 40kWh, for example, it can be 40kWh to 100kWh or 100kWh to 120kWh, or more than 120kWh, specifically 40kWh, 45kWh, 50kWh, 55kWh, 60kWh, 80kWh, 100kWh, etc. The aforementioned volumetric energy density of the first battery cell allows the first battery pack, with a certain lower limit of total capacity, to better meet daily mileage requirements as the main pack capacity.

[0398] In some embodiments, each of the first battery cells is independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII:

[0399] (1) Battery cell I, which has high specific energy and its volumetric energy density is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion cell also includes silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide; optionally, at least one battery cell I is a lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell;

[0400] (2) Battery cell II, which has fast charging performance, and at 25°C, the equivalent charging rate of 10% SOC-80% SOC is greater than or equal to 2C. Optionally, the equivalent charging rate of 10% SOC-80% SOC of battery cell II is above 2.5C. Further optionally, the equivalent charging rate of 10%-80% SOC of battery cell II is above 4C.

[0401] (3) Battery cell III, battery cell III has high safety and thermal runaway temperature not lower than 250℃; and / or, battery cell III has overcharge boundary not lower than 140% SOC;

[0402] (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the battery cell IV has good low-temperature performance, and the charging time from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10℃ is less than or equal to 40 minutes; and / or, the battery cell IV retains more than 80% of its capacity when charged at 0.33C at an ambient temperature of -20℃; and / or, the battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.

[0403] (5) Battery cell V, battery cell V is an ultra-high power battery cell, which is discharged to the lower limit cutoff voltage at 5C rate under 50% SOC. For example, the lower limit cutoff voltage of LFP is 2.0V, and the lower limit cutoff voltage of NCM is generally 2.5V.

[0404] The discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and more preferably greater than or equal to 100s; and / or, when the battery cell V is at 50% SOC, it discharges at 3.5C for 10s, and the DC resistance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600W / kg and 5000W / kg.

[0405] (6) Battery cell VI, which has a long lifespan and has a cycle count of not less than 3,000 cycles when the battery cell reaches 70% SOH; optionally, not less than 4,000 cycles.

[0406] (7) Battery cell VII, battery cell VII has excellent high-temperature performance. After being stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95%; and / or, after being stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98%.

[0407] Specifically, a lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell can be understood as a cell where the positive electrode uses lithium iron phosphate as the active material, and the negative electrode uses at least graphite. A lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell can be understood as a cell where the positive electrode uses lithium manganese iron phosphate as the active material, and the negative electrode uses at least graphite. A hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell can be understood as a cell where the positive electrode active material includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the negative electrode uses at least graphite. A ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell in the second battery cell category can be understood as a cell where the positive electrode uses ternary positive electrode active material, and the negative electrode uses at least graphite. A semi-solid-state battery cell is a battery cell between liquid and all-solid-state batteries, where the electrolyte is in a semi-solid state, such as a gel electrolyte, combining some characteristics of both liquid and all-solid-state batteries. An all-solid-state battery cell is a battery cell where the electrolyte is entirely solid and no liquid electrolyte is present.

[0408] Among them, "lithium iron phosphate" and "lithium manganese iron phosphate" refer to substances with lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate as the main body. It can be understood that it also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on lithium iron phosphate or lithium manganese iron phosphate matrix. The doping elements include metal elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, and the coating materials can be carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, etc.

[0409] A second aspect of this application also provides an electrical device, including a battery system as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0410] In some embodiments, the electrical device can be a vehicle, which is equipped with a first load 610 and a second load 620, as well as a battery system as described in any of the above embodiments. The battery system can provide at least two power supplies to the first load 610 and at least two power supplies to the second load 620, thereby meeting the vehicle's redundant power supply requirements and improving the stability of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.

[0411] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load 610 includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

[0412] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load 620 includes a vehicle control system for body control.

[0413] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC), the battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

[0414] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load 620.

[0415] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0416] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0417] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the electronic device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0418] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0419] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0420] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery system, characterized in that, The battery system includes: A first battery pack and a second battery pack, wherein the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell; A voltage conversion circuit is connected to the second battery pack; A controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the battery system is in a charging state.

2. The battery system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit is also connected to the first battery pack; the first battery pack is used to charge and discharge each other through the voltage conversion circuit and the second battery pack, so that the remaining power of the first battery pack is within a preset range.

3. The battery system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The controller is also used to control the charging or discharging of the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the second battery pack has not been charged or discharged for a first preset time, so that the remaining power of the second battery pack is in the range of 20% to 80%.

4. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, control the charging device to charge the first battery pack at a second rate, wherein the second rate is greater than the first rate.

5. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, control the charging device to charge the first battery pack at a second rate, and control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack at the first rate through the voltage conversion circuit.

6. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The controller is used to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack at the first rate when the rated charging current of the charging device is greater than the first current, and when the charging device charges the first battery pack. The first current includes the charging current required by the first battery pack and the charging current required by the second battery pack.

7. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The controller is configured to determine the actual charging current of the first battery pack and the actual discharging current of the first battery pack to the second battery pack based on the remaining charge of the first battery pack and the remaining charge of the second battery pack, when the rated charging current of the charging device is not greater than the first current, and to control the charging device to charge the first battery pack based on the actual charging current of the first battery pack, and to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack based on the actual discharging current. The first current includes the charging current required by the first battery pack and the charging current required by the second battery pack.

8. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The controller is further configured to, when the first battery pack is connected to the first charging device and the second battery pack is connected to the second charging device, control the first charging device to charge the first battery pack at a second rate and control the second charging device to charge the second battery pack at a first rate, wherein the second rate is greater than the first rate.

9. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively connected to the current distributor; The controller is also configured to, when the battery system is connected to a charging device, control the charging device to charge the first battery pack at a second rate and the second battery pack at a first rate through the current distributor.

10. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the battery system is in a charging state; Optionally, the first multiplier is ≤0.2C.

11. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load at a third rate through a voltage conversion circuit, wherein the third rate is ≥3C.

12. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively; The controller is also configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, so as to provide a first voltage to the first load through the first battery pack.

13. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.

14. The battery system according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively; The first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.

15. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The first battery pack is also used to provide a first voltage to a first load, and the second battery pack is also used to provide the first voltage to the first load through a voltage conversion circuit.

16. The battery system as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit further includes: A second voltage conversion device is connected to the second battery pack, which is used to output the first voltage to the first load via the second voltage conversion device.

17. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The first battery pack is also used to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, and the second battery pack is also used to provide the second voltage to the second load.

18. The battery system as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit further includes: A third voltage converter is connected to the first battery pack, which provides the second voltage to the second load via the third voltage converter.

19. The battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 18, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state; The first preset state includes at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold; (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

20. The battery system according to any one of claims 2 to 18, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to, in a second preset state, control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and control the second battery pack to provide a first voltage to the first load; The second preset state includes the first battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load, and at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold; (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.

21. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, The second battery pack includes multiple second battery cells; The controller is further configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the remaining power of any one of the second battery cells is less than a third threshold and the remaining power of the first battery pack is greater than a fourth threshold.

22. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, The second battery pack includes multiple second battery cells; The controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the voltage of any one of the second battery cells is less than a fifth threshold and the remaining charge of the first battery pack is greater than a fourth threshold.

23. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, If the charging time of the first battery pack is less than the charging time of the second battery pack, the controller is further configured to control the first battery pack to charge the second battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit before the charging device charges the first battery pack.

24. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to control the first battery pack to output the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack.

25. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The battery system includes a battery device, which includes a housing. The housing has a battery cavity, which includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. A first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, and a second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure is capable of blocking at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.

26. The battery system of claim 25, wherein, The separation structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.

27. The battery system as claimed in claim 25 or 36, characterized in that, The enclosure includes a frame, a bottom cover plate, and a top cover plate, wherein the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate are connected to opposite sides of the frame along a first direction; The partition structure includes a partition beam, with the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity located on both sides of the partition beam. The partition beam is connected to the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate on opposite sides along the first direction, and the two ends of the partition structure along its extension direction are connected to the frame.

28. The battery system as claimed in claim 27, characterized in that, The battery device further includes a sealing gasket, wherein a sealing gasket is provided between the partition beam and the top cover plate, and the sealing gasket is provided between the frame and the top cover plate; and / or, the sealing gasket is provided between the partition beam and the bottom cover plate, and the sealing gasket is provided between the frame and the bottom cover plate.

29. The battery system as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that, The enclosure is further provided with an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components, and at least one of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity; The housing is provided with an electrical cavity separator, which is used to isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity.

30. The battery system as claimed in claim 29, characterized in that, The electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole, and the battery device further includes an adapter. The adapter is sealed through the mounting hole, one end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the other end of the adapter is located inside the electrical cavity.

31. The battery system as claimed in claim 29 or 30, characterized in that, The electrical cavity, the first battery cavity, and the second battery cavity are arranged in the same layer; or, The electrical cavity, the first battery cavity, and the second battery cavity are arranged in two layers.

32. The battery system according to any one of claims 25 to 31, characterized in that, The housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, through which the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber are depressurized.

33. The battery system as claimed in claim 32, characterized in that, The frame includes side beams, and the hollow cavities within the side beams form pressure relief chambers; the pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chambers, and the first battery cavity can communicate with the pressure relief chambers when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway; the second battery cavity can communicate with the pressure relief chambers when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway; and The pressure relief chamber is provided with a vent corresponding to the battery chamber, and each vent is provided with a sealing structure. The sealing structure can be actuated under preset conditions to connect the battery chamber and the pressure relief chamber.

34. The battery system according to any one of claims 32 to 33, characterized in that, The housing is provided with multiple pressure relief mechanisms, with the first battery cavity corresponding to one pressure relief mechanism and the second battery cavity corresponding to another pressure relief mechanism.

35. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that, The battery device further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.

36. The battery system as claimed in claim 35, characterized in that, The thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component. The first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack, and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack.

37. The battery system as claimed in claim 35, characterized in that, The first battery cell group and the second battery cell group are arranged in two layers; The thermal management component is located between the first battery cell group and the second battery cell group.

38. The battery system according to any one of claims 25 to 37, characterized in that, The number of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity includes one or more of the following: (1) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged at least along the length direction of the housing; (2) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged at least along the width direction of the housing; (3) One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing; (4) A plurality of first battery cavities and a plurality of second battery cavities are arranged alternately.

39. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that, The housing has a first exhaust channel corresponding to the first battery pack and a second exhaust channel corresponding to the second battery pack, and the exhaust paths of the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel are different.

40. The battery system of claim 39, characterized in that, The first battery cell has a first cell pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to communicate with the first exhaust channel; The second battery cell has a second cell pressure relief mechanism, which is configured to communicate with the second exhaust channel; The first unit pressure relief mechanism and the second unit pressure relief mechanism are respectively arranged in different directions.

41. The battery device according to any one of claims 1-40, wherein, The first battery cell without a negative electrode meets one of the following conditions: (1) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (2) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 800Wh / L to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh; (3) When the volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is in the range of 1200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.

42. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein, The negative electrode-free battery cell includes one or more of lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells and sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cells.

43. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein, The negative electrode-free battery cell includes at least a lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, and the energy density of the lithium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell is 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L. Optionally, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, and spinel phase lithium manganese-based oxide. Further optionally, the olivine-phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate; the ratio of the number of moles of nickel to the total number of moles of transition metal elements in the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide is 0.5 or more, or 0.7 or more.

44. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein, The negative electrode-free battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes lithium iron phosphate, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 450 to 700 Wh / L. (2) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 600 to 1000 Wh / L. (3) The positive electrode active material of the negative electrode-free battery cell includes lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and the VED range of the negative electrode-free battery cell is 800 to 2000 Wh / L.

45. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein, The negative electrode of the non-negative electrode battery cell is a current collector capable of conducting electrons, and the current collector satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (1) The material of the current collector is selected from at least one of carbon-based materials and metal foil; (2) The thickness of the current collector ranges from 3 μm to 8 μm; (3) The surface roughness of the current collector is less than or equal to 0.3 μm; (4) The tensile strength of the current collector is 400MPa to 1600MPa; (5) A lithium metal layer is provided on at least one side of the current collector. Optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 3μm-30μm, and further optionally, the thickness of the lithium metal layer is in the range of 5μm-25μm.

46. ​​The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein, The cycle life of the negative electrode-free battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and within a discharge depth range of 80%, and has a cycle life of 150 to 400 cycles. (2) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 50%, and has a cycle life of 200 to 550 cycles. (3) The negative electrode-free battery is charged and discharged at 25°C with a charging rate of 0.2C / discharging rate of 1C and a discharge depth of 30%, and has a cycle life of more than 550 cycles.

47. The battery device according to any one of claims 1-46, wherein, The volume ratio of the second battery pack to the first battery pack is 0.05 to 10, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.1 to 8.0, optionally, the volume ratio is 0.12 to 6.0, and further optionally, the volume ratio is in the range of 1.0 to 5.

0.

48. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein, The first battery pack includes at least one first battery cell, which includes one or more of a secondary battery, a supercapacitor, and a primary battery. Optionally, the secondary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium secondary battery, sodium secondary battery, flow battery, lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, zinc halide battery, and air battery; the supercapacitor includes one or more of the following: electric double-layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor; and the primary battery includes one or more of the following: lithium primary battery, zinc-manganese dry cell battery, silver-zinc battery, lithium iron battery, and fuel cell. Alternatively, the second battery cell may include at least the secondary battery.

49. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 48, wherein, The chemical systems of the non-negative electrode battery cell and the second battery cell are different from those of the first battery cell.

50. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein, The volumetric energy density of the first battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, and the total capacity of the first battery pack is not less than 30kWh.

51. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein, Each of the first battery cells is independently selected from any one or more of the following battery cells I to VII: (1) Battery cell I, wherein the volumetric energy density of battery cell I is in the range of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L, and battery cell I includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, semi-solid-state battery cell, and all-solid-state battery cell; optionally, the negative electrode active material of the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell further includes silicon-based material; the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide; (2) Battery cell II, wherein the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 10% SOC-80% SOC greater than or equal to 2C at 25°C, optionally, the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or higher at 10% SOC-80% SOC, and further optionally, the battery cell II has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or higher at 10%-80% SOC; (3) Battery cell III, wherein the thermal runaway temperature of the battery cell III is not lower than 250°C; and / or, the overcharge boundary of the battery cell III is not lower than 140% SOC; (4) Battery cell IV, wherein the charging time of battery cell IV from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an ambient temperature of -10°C is less than or equal to 40 min; and / or, the capacity retention rate of battery cell IV at an ambient temperature of -20°C and charged at 0.33C is greater than 80%; and / or, battery cell IV includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides; (5) Battery cell V, wherein the battery cell V is discharged to the lower limit cutoff voltage at a rate of 5C at 50% SOC, and the discharge time of the battery cell V is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and preferably greater than or equal to 100s; and / or, the battery cell V is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, and the DC impedance DCR of the battery cell V is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; and / or, the power density of the battery cell V is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally between 600W / kg and 5000W / kg; (6) Battery cell VI, wherein when the battery cell VI is cycled to 70% SOH, the number of cycles of the battery cell VI is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles; (7) Battery cell VII, wherein the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell and the first battery cell is not less than 95% when the battery cell VII is stored for 90 days at an ambient temperature of 45°C; and / or, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell and the first battery cell is not less than 98% when the battery cell VII is stored for 60 days at an ambient temperature of 60°C.

52. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 51, wherein, The volumetric energy density of the negative electrode-free battery cell is greater than that of the second battery cell and the first battery cell, and the first battery pack includes at least one or more of the battery cells II, IV, and VI.

53. The battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 52, wherein, The second battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery without negative electrode, ternary battery cell without negative electrode, and hybrid cathode battery cell without negative electrode. The first battery pack includes at least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery, all-solid-state battery, and semi-solid-state battery.

54. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Including the first load and the second load; And the battery system as described in any one of claims 1-53.

55. The electrical appliance according to claim 33, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.

56. The electrical appliance according to claim 54, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system, which is used for vehicle body control.

57. The electrical appliance according to claim 54, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC). The battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.

58. The electrical appliance according to claim 54, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery for providing the second voltage to the second load.

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