Information transmission method and apparatus, and device, chip and storage medium

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present application is an information transmission method. The method comprises: a first device sending a plurality of pieces of first information at a plurality of positions, wherein the first information is used for triggering a second device to send response information; the first device receiving a plurality of pieces of response information; and the first device sending second information to a first core network device, wherein the second information is used for determining a third device, and the third device is one or more of a plurality of second devices corresponding to the plurality of pieces of response information. Further provided in the embodiments of the present application are an information transmission apparatus, a communication device, a chip and a storage medium.

Description

An information transmission method, apparatus, device, chip, and storage medium Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to an information transmission method, apparatus, device, chip, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] There is currently no clear solution for protecting the location information of terminal devices in Ambient Powered IoT (A-IoT) systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an information transmission method, apparatus, device, chip, and storage medium.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0005] The first device sends multiple first messages at multiple locations, and the first messages are used to trigger the second device to send response messages.

[0006] The first device receives multiple response messages;

[0007] The first device sends second information to the first core network device, the second information being used to identify a third device; the third device is one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response information.

[0008] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0009] The first core network device receives second information sent by the first device, the second information being used to identify a third device; the third device is one or more of a plurality of second devices corresponding to a plurality of response information received by the first device; the plurality of response information is a response to the plurality of first information; the plurality of first information is sent by the first device at multiple locations.

[0010] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an information transmission device applied to a first device, the device comprising:

[0011] A first communication unit is configured to send multiple first messages at multiple locations, the first messages being used to trigger a second device to send response information; receive multiple response messages; and send second messages to a first core network device, the second messages being used to determine a third device; the third device being one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages.

[0012] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an information transmission device applied to a first reader, the device comprising:

[0013] The second communication unit is configured to receive second information sent by the first device, the second information being used to determine a third device; the third device is one or more of a plurality of second devices corresponding to a plurality of response information received by the first device; the plurality of response information is a response to the plurality of first information; the plurality of first information is sent by the first device at multiple locations.

[0014] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide an information transmission device, comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; a processor connected to the memory for calling and running the computer program from the memory to implement the method described in the first or second aspect; and a transceiver for receiving and sending information during the process of sending and receiving information with other devices.

[0015] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip. The chip includes: a processor for retrieving and running a computer program from a memory, causing a device on which the chip is installed to perform the method described in the first or second aspect; and a transceiver for receiving and sending information during the exchange of information with the device or the chip.

[0016] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that causes a computer to perform the methods described in the first or second aspect.

[0017] In the information transmission method provided in this application embodiment, a first device can send multiple first messages from multiple locations, the first messages being used to trigger a second device to send response information; correspondingly, the first device can receive multiple response messages; thus, the first device can send second messages to a first core network device, the second messages being used to identify a third device; the third device is one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages. It is understood that the first device can feed back information to the first core network device to identify the third device, thereby enabling the first core network device to identify suspicious third devices and avoid exposing the location information of the first device to suspicious third devices. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication architecture provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figures 2(a) to 2(c) are schematic diagrams of the A-IOT topology provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the delayed 5GC mobile terminal location reporting process for periodic location events, triggered location events, and UE available location events provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart of the information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a transmission location provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of the information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of the information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the information transmission device 900 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the information transmission device 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 13 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of this application.

[0034] As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 may include a terminal device 110 and a network device 120. The network device 120 can communicate with the terminal device 110 via an air interface. Multi-service transmission is supported between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120.

[0035] It should be understood that the embodiments of this application are only illustrated by way of example with communication system 100, but the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. That is to say, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Internet of Things (IoT) system, Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system, enhanced Machine-Type Communications (eMTC) system, 5G communication system (also known as New Radio (NR) communication system), 6G communication system, or future communication systems, etc.

[0036] In the communication system 100 shown in Figure 1, network device 120 may be an access network device that communicates with terminal device 110. The access network device can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area and can communicate with terminal device 110 (e.g., UE) located within that coverage area.

[0037] Network device 120 may be an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN) device, or a base station (gNB) in an NR system, or a base station in a 6G system, or a radio controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN), or the network device 120 may be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, hub, switch, bridge, router, or network equipment in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), etc.

[0038] Terminal device 110 can be any terminal device, including but not limited to terminal devices that are connected to network device 120 or other terminal devices via wired or wireless connections.

[0039] For example, the terminal device 110 can refer to an access terminal, user equipment (UE), user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. The access terminal can be a cellular phone, cordless phone, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, IoT device, satellite handheld terminal, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle device, wearable device, terminal device in a 5G network, terminal device in a 6G network, or terminal device in a future evolved network, etc.

[0040] Terminal device 110 can be used for device-to-device (D2D) communication.

[0041] The communication system 100 may also include a core network device 130 that communicates with the network device 120. The core network device 130 may be a 5G core network (5G Core, 5GC) device. For example, the 5GC device may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) network elements, Location Management Function (LMF) network elements, Unified Data Management (UDM) network elements, Network Exposure Function (NEF) network elements, Application Function (AF) network elements, Network Function (NF) network elements, Home Gateway Mobile Location Center (H-GMLC) network elements, Visited Gateway Mobile Location Center (V-GMLC) network elements, Location Services Client (LCS Client), etc.

[0042] It should be noted that core network device 130 can also be an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) device for LTE networks, such as a Session Management Function + Core Packet Gateway (SMF+PGW-C) device. It should be understood that SMF+PGW-C can simultaneously implement the functions of both SMF and PGW-C.

[0043] It should also be noted that during network evolution, the aforementioned core network equipment may be called by other names, or new network entities may be formed by dividing the functions of the core network. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0044] Figure 1 exemplarily illustrates a network device, a core network device, and two terminal devices. Optionally, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices, and each network device may include other numbers of terminal devices within its coverage area. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0045] It should be noted that Figure 1 is merely an example illustrating the system to which this application applies. Of course, the method shown in the embodiments of this application can also be applied to other systems. Furthermore, the terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably in this document. The term "and / or" in this document merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. It should also be understood that "instruction" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a related relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, for example, A instructs C, B can be obtained through C; or it can mean that there is a related relationship between A and B. It should also be understood that "correspondence" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or an related relationship between two things, or a relationship of instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured, etc. It should also be understood that the "predefined" or "predefined rules" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices), and this application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to those defined in a protocol. It should also be understood that in the embodiments of this application, the "protocol" can refer to standard protocols in the field of communication, such as LTE protocol, NR protocol, and related protocols applied to future communication systems, and this application does not limit this.

[0046] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the relevant technologies of the embodiments of this application are described below. The following relevant technologies are optional solutions and can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application in any way, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0047] 1. Introduction to Environmental Energy Internet of Things / Environmental Internet of Things

[0048] Ambient power-enabled IoT, also known as Ambient IoT or A-IoT, is sometimes referred to as passive IoT in some technical documents.

[0049] The Internet of Things (IoT) for the environment refers to a new type of wireless communication technology that enables self-sufficiency to a large extent by using energy in the environment (such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, etc.).

[0050] It should be noted that, as a key mechanism for power generation, the Internet of Things (IoT) for the environment relies on energy harvesting, thus eliminating the need for cables to power or charge batteries in mobile devices and smart objects. Vibrations from equipment, machinery, and buildings, as well as the propagation of ambient radio signals, can all be used to generate electricity.

[0051] It should be understood that the Internet of Things (IoT) for the environment is an ecosystem for connecting and automating a large number of objects and devices, where each object (i.e., A-IoT device) is connected to form a wireless sensor network using low-cost, self-powered sensor nodes.

[0052] The term A-IoT device refers to an IoT device that uses various environmental energy sources, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy, to power itself.

[0053] Such devices may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using capacitors with a capacity of tens of uF). Compared to existing IoT devices, A-IoT devices have many advantages, such as no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity and low cost, and long life cycle.

[0054] Zero-power communication has significant advantages such as extremely low cost, zero power consumption, and small size, and can be widely used in various industries, such as logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, and industrial internet for vertical industries; it can also be used in personal applications such as smart wearables and smart homes.

[0055] It's important to note that A-IoT is built upon earlier cellular IoT standards (such as NB-IoT and LTE-M), which focused on low power consumption and wide-area connectivity, but still required periodic battery replacements. A-IoT's core objective is to reduce the cost and environmental burden of large-scale deployments by completely eliminating battery dependence.

[0056] 2. The technological focus of A-IoT.

[0057] The technological focus of A-IoT may include the following:

[0058] 1) Energy harvesting: The equipment operates by harvesting microwatt-level power from ambient energy sources.

[0059] 2) Ultra-low complexity: Simplify hardware to reduce costs.

[0060] 3) Scalability: Supports dense deployment (e.g., millions of devices per square kilometer).

[0061] 4) Cellular integration: Compatible with other networks (such as 5G networks).

[0062] 5) Backscatter communication: The device reflects / modifies ambient RF signals (e.g., from TV towers, Wi-Fi, or cellular base stations) to transmit data, avoiding power-intensive radio transmissions.

[0063] 6) Wake-up Wireless Receiver: Ultra-low power receiver that "wakes up" the device only when needed, minimizing energy consumption.

[0064] 7) Sparse and bursty data: Optimized for infrequent small data transmissions (such as temperature readings and location updates).

[0065] 3: Application scenarios of A-IoT.

[0066] Smart logistics scenario: Tracking pallets, parcels, or containers without being limited by batteries.

[0067] Agricultural scenario: Soil / weather sensors in remote areas.

[0068] Smart city scenario: Infrastructure monitoring (bridges, pipelines) equipped with maintenance-free sensors.

[0069] Retail scenario: Tracking low-cost goods in stores.

[0070] 4. Classification of A-IoT devices.

[0071] Category 1 A-IoT devices: These devices have a peak power consumption of approximately 1 microwatt (~1uW), energy storage, and an initial sampling frequency offset of 10. X ppm, without uplink or downlink power amplifiers, transmits uplink data by backscattering an external carrier wave.

[0072] Category 2 A-IoT devices: These devices have peak power consumption of less than a few hundred μW, energy storage, and an initial sampling frequency offset of 10. X The ppm may be configured with uplink and / or downlink power amplifiers, and can generate uplink transmissions internally within the A-IOT device, i.e., active transmission, or transmit uplink data by backscattering an external carrier.

[0073] 5. Backscatter communication.

[0074] Backscatter communication is a fundamental technology supporting 3GPP A-IoT in enabling battery-free, self-powered devices. This technology utilizes existing radio frequency signals in the environment (such as those from TV towers, Wi-Fi routers, or cellular networks) to allow devices to transmit data without generating their own radio waves. Instead, they reflect and modulate existing signals, reducing power consumption to the microwatt level and enabling operation entirely dependent on environmental power.

[0075] The working principle of backscatter communication is described below.

[0076] Backscattering devices do not require an internal power supply; instead, they obtain energy from electromagnetic waves emitted by ambient radio frequency sources (such as readers, carrier generators, or base stations). The incident radio frequency signal is received by the antenna and converted into direct current by a rectifier circuit, powering the tag's chip and modulation circuitry. Specifically, backscattering devices alter how they reflect ambient signals by changing their antenna impedance to encode data.

[0077] 6. A-IOT topology.

[0078] A-IoT under 5G networks can include the following four topologies.

[0079] Topology 1: The base station and the A-IoT device directly conduct bidirectional signaling and / or data communication, as shown in Figure 2(a). The base station sending messages to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving messages from the A-IoT device may be two different base stations.

[0080] Topology 2: Base Station (BS) Intermediate node The A-IoT device, that is, the A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node, which can relay signaling and / or data between the BS and the A-IoT device, as shown in Figure 2(b).

[0081] Topology 3: A-IoT devices can transmit data / signaling to the base station (BS) and receive data / signaling from auxiliary nodes; alternatively, A-IoT devices can receive data / signaling from the base station and transmit it to auxiliary nodes, as shown in Figure 2(c). In this topology, auxiliary nodes can be relay stations supporting environmental IoT, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, user equipment (UE), repeaters, etc.

[0082] Topology 4: UE A-IoT devices. In Topology 4, A-IoT devices can communicate directly with the UE, which acts as both an actuator (energy source) and a reader. This topology supports decentralized applications (such as asset tracking in retail or logistics) without the need for a base station (BS). The UE can then directly send messages from the A-IoT device to application servers outside the 3GPP network range.

[0083] It should be noted that in the above four topologies, the base station in topology 1, the intermediate node in topology 2, the base station and auxiliary node in topology 3, and the UE in topology 4 can all be understood as a reader, and the A-IoT device can be understood as a device. The transmission from the reader to the device is called reader to device (R2D) transmission, and the transmission from the device to the reader is called device to reader (D2R) transmission.

[0084] 7. Introduction to the Deferred Positioning Process

[0085] In 5G positioning services, when a Location Services Client (LCS) or Application Function (AF) initiates a delayed location request for a target UE or UE group to the Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), the system will generate a response containing event type and location information after preset conditions are triggered.

[0086] The following explanation uses region-based events and motion-based events as examples.

[0087] For region-based events, these are events that occur when a UE enters, leaves, or remains within a predefined geographic region. At least one type of region event can be defined (i.e., entering, leaving, or remaining within the region). The LCS client or AF can define the target region as a geographic area or a region.

[0088] Region-based event location reporting strategy:

[0089] Single-report mode: The report is triggered only when the event conditions are met for the first time (such as when the UE enters the target area for the first time).

[0090] Multiple reporting mode: Periodically generate reports during the duration of the event (e.g., report the UE dwell status every 30 seconds).

[0091] Anomaly Handling: If the UE fails to report due to network unavailability or minimum reporting interval limitation, the system will re-initiate the report after the network is restored, regardless of whether the UE's location still meets the event conditions at this time.

[0092] For motion-based events, the UE has moved a distance exceeding a preset threshold (e.g., a straight-line distance ≥ 50 meters) relative to its last reported location.

[0093] Referring to Figure 3, the core process of the reporting mechanism is as follows:

[0094] Step 1: External LCS Client, NF, or AF (via NEF) can send requests to H-GMLC or V-GMLC (referred to uniformly as (H)GMLC to cover both) to obtain periodic, triggered, or UE-available location event reports.

[0095] In some embodiments, step 1 may include one or more of the following:

[0096] Step 1a: The LCS Client sends a location request (LCS Service Request) to the UE's H-GMLC for periodic, triggered, or user-available location events for the UE.

[0097] Step 1b: AF sends an NEF event exposure subscription request (Nnef_EventExposure_Subscribe Request) to NEF, and NEF sends a GMLC location provision request (Ngmlc_Location_ProvideLocation Request) to H-GMLC.

[0098] Step 1c: NF sends an Ngmlc_Location_ProvideLocation Request to H-GMLC.

[0099] Step 2: The UDM and H-GMLC exchange UDM session data (Nudm_SDM_Get) to obtain session management information about the UE.

[0100] Step 3: UDM and H-GMLC exchange UE context information (Nudm_UECM_Get).

[0101] Step 4: H-GMLC sends Ngmlc_Location_ProvideLocation Request to V-GMLC.

[0102] Step 5: V-GMLC sends an AMF location provision request (i.e., Namf_Location_Provide PositioningInfoRequest) to the AMF.

[0103] Steps 6-8: If the AMF supports location event requests for periodic, triggered, or UE-available events, then the AMF returns response information to the external LCS Client via V-GMLC and H-GMLC, indicating that the location request has been accepted.

[0104] Step 9: If the current UE is unreachable (e.g., using discontinuous reception DRX mechanism), the AMF needs to wait for the UE to become reachable.

[0105] Step 10: If it is necessary to move the UE to the CM connected state, the AMF will execute a network-triggered service request once the UE is reachable.

[0106] Step 11: The AMF sends a NAS Location Notification Invoke Request to the UE, which can be simply referred to as a location request.

[0107] It should be noted that the AMF can specify the type of the location request as a deferred location request in the location request.

[0108] Step 12: The UE can send a Non-Access Stratum Location Notification Return Result to the AMF.

[0109] Step 13: AMF can be used to select LMF.

[0110] Step 14: The AMF sends an LMF location detection request (Nlmf_Location_Determine Location Request) to the selected LMF.

[0111] Step 15: LMF initiates UE positioning process.

[0112] Step 16: The LMF sends a periodic-triggered invoke request (LCS) to the UE.

[0113] Step 17: If the UE supports the request in step 16, then the UE sends a Periodic-Triggered Invoke Return Result to the LMF.

[0114] Step 18: The LMF sends an LMF location detection response (Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation Response) to the AMF.

[0115] Step 19: AMF sends an AMF location event notification (Namf_Location_EventNotify) to V-GMLC.

[0116] Step 20: V-GMLC sends a GMLC location event notification (Ngmlc_Location_Event Notify) to H-GMLC.

[0117] Step 21: H-GMLC sends a response to the external LCS Client, NF, or AF (via NEF).

[0118] Step 22: The UE performs event detection. Specifically, the UE can detect events based on the occurrence of periodic or triggered events requested in step 16.

[0119] Step 23: After the event is triggered, the UE can perform position measurement.

[0120] It should be noted that the UE can obtain measurement results based on reference signals (such as positioning reference signals). The UE can send the reference signal measurement results to the LMF to help the LMF perform positioning.

[0121] Step 24: The UE triggers a service request, meaning that the UE can execute a service request.

[0122] Step 25: The UE sends an event report to the LMF.

[0123] Step 26: The LMF can send an event report acknowledgment message to the UE.

[0124] Step 27 repeats step 15, and steps 28 to 30 repeat steps 16 to 21.

[0125] Step 31: The UE continues event detection.

[0126] Understandably, in steps 11-12, the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) network element embeds delayed location request type parameters in the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling sent to the UE (as in steps 11-12) to clarify the event triggering rules and reporting requirements.

[0127] Next, prior to step 22, the UE will continuously monitor for events corresponding to the delayed location request type. If so, after confirming the event in step 22, the UE will perform location-related DL-PRS measurements and include the location measurement results in the event report sent to the LMF.

[0128] 8. UE's mobility state.

[0129] In 5G NR, the UE dynamically assesses its own mobility status (low / medium / high) based on the threshold and time window configured by the network. The core mechanism is divided into three parts: status judgment parameter configuration, event monitoring and counting, and behavior optimization strategy, covering two scenarios: idle / inactive state and connected state.

[0130] Key parameters of mobility status include:

[0131] T_CRmax: Evaluation period timer (typical value 30 seconds - 5 minutes), used to define the statistical window.

[0132] N_CR threshold:

[0133] N_CR_Low: The upper limit for low mobility judgment (e.g., 1 reselection).

[0134] N_CR_High: Lower limit for determining high mobility (e.g., 8 reselections).

[0135] Scaling Factors: Dynamically adjust the evaluation period or threshold to suppress the ping-pong effect in high-speed scenarios.

[0136] The logic for determining mobility status includes:

[0137] Low mobility states: Number of events within a window ≤ N_CR_Low.

[0138] Medium mobility states: N_CR_Low < number of events within the window <N_CR_High。

[0139] High mobility states: Number of events within a window ≥ N_CR_High.

[0140] In some embodiments, the idle / inactive state determination process includes:

[0141] The UE continuously tracks the number of cell reselections, and the triggering conditions include:

[0142] Region-based same-frequency / different-frequency reselection (e.g., A3 / A5 events).

[0143] Dynamic threshold adjustment based on speed (e.g., enabling scaling factors to extend T_CRmax in high-speed scenarios).

[0144] Reselection suppression: Extend T_CRmax under high mobility (e.g., from 30 seconds to 60 seconds) to reduce the reselection frequency.

[0145] Measurement rule: If the serving cell signal is stable (Srxlev>SIntraSearchP and Squal>SIntraSearchQ), co-frequency measurements can be paused to reduce power consumption.

[0146] In some embodiments, the connection state determination process includes:

[0147] 1. Switching event statistics

[0148] gNB-led: Configure handover counting rules via RRC signaling (such as MobilityStateParameters).

[0149] Measurement Report: The UE reports neighbor cell RSRP / RSRQ to assist the network in optimizing handover decisions (such as A3 offset adjustment).

[0150] 2. Network policy adjustment

[0151] Dynamic parameter adaptation: In scenarios with frequent switching, shorten the trigger time (TTT) or reduce the hysteresis margin to improve switching efficiency.

[0152] Enhanced beam management: Enables multi-TRP joint transmission or dynamic beam switching for high-speed UEs, reducing link interruptions.

[0153] In some embodiments, a cross-modal collaboration mechanism.

[0154] Idle → Connected State: Inherit the last mobility state and shorten the initial measurement time window.

[0155] Connection → Idle State: Pre-configure reselection parameters (such as N_CR_High) based on historical handover data.

[0156] It should be noted that parameters such as inter-frequency reselection priority and SMTC configuration are issued through SIB2 / SIB4, supporting adaptation to multiple scenarios. Dual-mode transmission (NSA architecture) or independent SA handover is enabled under high mobility conditions to balance latency and throughput.

[0157] In one example, a mobility status determination process includes the following steps:

[0158] S1: Initial configuration: The network broadcasts N_CR_Low=1, N_CR_High=8, and T_CRmax=30 seconds via SIB2.

[0159] S2: Event count: For example, the UE detects 10 cell reselections within 30 seconds.

[0160] S3: State determination: Trigger high mobility state, enable scaling factor (T_CRmax extended to 60 seconds).

[0161] S4: Behavior Adjustment: Extend the reselection interval in idle state, activate beam switching and A3 event offset optimization in connected state.

[0162] Through the above mechanism, 5G NR achieves full-stack mobility optimization from physical layer beam management to high-level parameter configuration, providing differentiated service guarantees for scenarios such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and industrial IoT.

[0163] The above provides a brief explanation of the relevant technologies / terms involved in this application, which will not be repeated in the following embodiments.

[0164] It should be understood that future A-IoT systems will open up business-to-consumer (B2C) business models. This means A-IoT devices can be placed on any object, including other people's belongings and anyone's clothing, to track their location. It is well known that personal location information should be protected as much as possible. The risk of exposing users' and / or their belongings' location information to malicious actors limits the practical deployment of A-IoT systems.

[0165] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide an information transmission method, wherein a first device can send multiple first messages from multiple locations, the first messages being used to trigger a second device to send response information; correspondingly, the first device can receive multiple response messages; thus, the first device can send second messages to a first core network device, the second messages being used to identify a third device; the third device is one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages. It is understood that the first device can feed back information to the first core network device to identify the third device, thereby enabling the first core network device to identify suspicious third devices and avoid exposing the location information of the first device to suspicious third devices.

[0166] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions of this application are described in detail below through specific embodiments. The above-mentioned related technologies are optional solutions and can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0167] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating the information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, the method may include the following steps:

[0168] S410, The first device sends multiple first messages at multiple locations, and the first messages are used to trigger the second device to send response information;

[0169] S420, The first device receives multiple response messages;

[0170] S430. The first device sends second information to the first core network device, the second information being used to identify the third device; the third device is one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to multiple response information.

[0171] In the embodiments of this application, the first device can be a movable reader. It should be understood that the base station in topology 1, the intermediate node in topology 2, the base station and auxiliary node in topology 3, and the UE in topology 4 can all be understood as readers.

[0172] For example, the first device can be a terminal device, such as an intermediate node in topology 2 as shown in FIG2(b), an auxiliary node as shown in FIG2(c), or a UE in topology 4.

[0173] Exemplarily, the first device can also be a mobile base station. For example, the first device can be a base station deployed on a mobile vehicle (such as an airplane, balloon, satellite, ship, or car). This application does not limit the type of the first device.

[0174] In the embodiments of this application, the second device may be an IoT device, an A-IoT device, a zero-power device, a low-capacity device, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not limit it.

[0175] It should be understood that in practical applications, a first device can send first information to trigger a second device to respond to the first information. The first information can be carried through an R2D message; for example, it can be carried through the Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH) in an R2D message. The response information can be carried through a D2R message; for example, the response information can be carried through the Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH) in a D2R message.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first information may be an inventory request, and correspondingly, the response information of the second device to the first information may include the ID of the second device. That is, the inventory request may request the second device located around the first device to send its own ID information.

[0177] In some embodiments, the first information may be a data request, and correspondingly, the response information of the second device to the first information may include data collected by the second device (e.g., environmental data such as temperature and humidity) or stored data (e.g., cargo data). That is, the data request may request data collected or stored by a second device located around the first device.

[0178] In this embodiment of the application, the first device may send first information from multiple different locations to trigger a response from a surrounding second device.

[0179] For example, referring to Figure 4, the first device can send the first information at position 1, position 2, ..., position N respectively.

[0180] It should be noted that the first device may send one first message or multiple first messages at a certain location, and this application embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0181] It should be understood that after the first device sends the first information, it can listen for the response information to the first information. After the first device sends the first information at multiple locations, it can receive multiple response messages.

[0182] It should be noted that multiple response messages can correspond to multiple first messages sent by the first device at multiple locations.

[0183] In one example, one of the multiple first messages sent by the first device at multiple locations may have one or more corresponding response messages. That is, when the first device sends the first message, there is at least one second device around the first device, and the first device triggers at least one second device to respond through the first message.

[0184] In another example, one of the multiple first messages sent by the first device from multiple locations may not have a corresponding response message. That is, when the first device sends the first message, there are no second devices around the first device, therefore, the first message does not receive any response message.

[0185] In this embodiment of the application, after receiving multiple response messages, the first device can send second information to the first core network element. The second information can be used to determine the third device.

[0186] It should be noted that the first core network device can be a network element with environmental IoT function (A-IOTF) or a network element with environmental IoT management function. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0187] In some embodiments, when the first device is a terminal device (e.g., a UE in topology 2 or topology 4 shown in FIG. 2(b)), the first device can forward the second information to the first core network element through an access network node (e.g., an NG-RAN node). That is, the second information can be non-access stratum information.

[0188] In some embodiments, when the first device is a mobile base station, the first device can send second information to the first core network element through the NG interface.

[0189] It should be noted that the third device can be one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to multiple response messages, or in other words, the third device can be one or more of the multiple second devices that send response messages to the first device.

[0190] In this embodiment, the third device can be understood as a target device or a suspicious device. That is, the first device can send the first information from different locations. In this way, the suspicious device can be found from the second device that sent the response information based on the response information, thereby avoiding exposing the location information of the first device to the suspicious device.

[0191] It should be noted that a third device can be a device that responds multiple times to the first information sent by the first device from different locations. In other words, a third device can be understood as a suspicious device that always follows the first device.

[0192] For example, the third device may be a device among a plurality of second devices that responds to a plurality of first messages sent by the first device a total number of times greater than a specific threshold, or the third device may be a device among a plurality of second devices whose ratio of the number of times responding to a plurality of first messages to the total number of first messages is greater than a specific threshold.

[0193] The method provided in this application embodiment allows the first device to feed back information for identifying the third device to the first core network device, thereby enabling the first core network device to identify the suspicious third device and avoid exposing the location information of the first device to the suspicious third device.

[0194] It should be noted that, in one possible implementation, the first device can report the device information of all second devices that sent response information to the first core network, allowing the first core network device to identify suspicious third devices. In another possible implementation, the first device can identify suspicious third devices based on multiple received response messages and directly report the device information of the third devices to the first core network device. The device information can be the device's identification information (ID), its address information (IP address or MAC address), or other information that can uniquely identify the device; this application embodiment does not impose any limitations on this.

[0195] The following sections will introduce the two different implementation methods, Method A and Method B, respectively.

[0196] Method A: The first device sends device information of all second devices that sent response information to the first core network, and the first core network device identifies the suspicious third device.

[0197] It should be understood that in method A, the first device can report to the first core network device which devices have sent response information to it. That is, the second information in step S430 can carry device information of the second device that sent the response information to the first device.

[0198] In some embodiments, the number of second messages may include one. After each first message is sent, the first device may store device information of the second devices that responded to the first message. Further, after all the first messages have been sent, the second message is sent to the first core network device. The second message may include device information of all the second devices that sent response messages.

[0199] In some embodiments, the number of second information may include multiple second information, which are associated with multiple first information. Each second information may include device information of a second device that sends response information to the first information associated with it.

[0200] In one example, the second information is associated with the first information in a one-to-one manner (or, in other words, the second information corresponds to the first information in a one-to-one manner). That is, after each time the first information is sent, the first device can send the second information to the first core network device to inform the first core network device of the second device's response to the first information.

[0201] In another example, multiple second pieces of information are associated with one first piece of information. That is, after sending multiple first pieces of information, the first device can send a second piece of information to the first core network device, informing the first core network device of the second devices that responded to the associated multiple first pieces of information.

[0202] Correspondingly, the first core network device can receive the second information sent by the first device. In this way, the first core network device can identify multiple second devices that respond to multiple first messages based on the second information, and find the suspicious third device from the multiple second devices.

[0203] In some embodiments, the first core network device may determine a third device from a plurality of second devices. The third device is a second device whose first parameter is greater than a fourth threshold; the first parameter refers to the ratio between the number of times the second device responds to a plurality of first information and the number of the plurality of first information, or the total number of times it responds to a plurality of first information.

[0204] Understandably, in one implementation, the first core network device can identify a second device among a plurality of second devices that responds to a plurality of first messages sent by the first device with a total number of responses greater than a fourth threshold A as a suspicious device. In another implementation, the first core network device can identify a second device among a plurality of second devices that responds to a plurality of first messages with a ratio between the number of responses to a plurality of first messages and the total number of first messages greater than a fourth threshold B as a suspicious device.

[0205] It should be noted that the number of third devices identified by the first core network device may include one or more, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0206] It should also be noted that the fourth threshold A and the fourth threshold B can be predefined parameters of the protocol or preconfigured parameters, and this application embodiment does not impose any restrictions on them.

[0207] It should be understood that by implementing method A provided in this application, the first device can report to the first core network device which second devices have sent response information to it after receiving the response information of the first information, and the first core network device can identify the suspicious third devices. In this way, the computational complexity of the first device can be reduced and the power consumption of the first device can be reduced.

[0208] Method B: If the first device identifies a suspicious third device, it only reports the device information of the suspicious third device to the first core network device.

[0209] It should be understood that, for method B, referring to the flowchart shown in Figure 5, the following steps may also be included before step S430:

[0210] S440. The first device determines a third device from the second devices corresponding to multiple response information; wherein, the third device is a second device whose first parameter is greater than a fourth threshold; the first parameter refers to the ratio between the number of times the second device responds to multiple first information and the number of multiple first information, or the total number of times it responds to multiple first information.

[0211] Understandably, in one implementation, the first device may select from the second devices corresponding to multiple response messages a second device whose total number of responses to multiple first messages sent by the first device is greater than a fourth threshold A, and identify the second device as a suspicious third device.

[0212] In another implementation, the first device may select from the second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages a second device whose ratio between the number of times it responds to the multiple first messages and the total number of first messages sent by the first device is greater than a fourth threshold B, and identify the second device as a suspicious third device.

[0213] Furthermore, after identifying the suspicious third device, the first device can send second information to the first core network device. The second information sent by the first device to the first core network device in step S430 may include the device information of the third device.

[0214] It should be noted that in method B, the first device needs to save the device information of the second device that responded to the first information after each time the first information is sent.

[0215] It should be noted that in Method B, the list of suspected third devices may not include second devices already registered as associated with the UE / subscriber. In other words, once the first device identifies a second device whose first parameter is greater than the fourth threshold, it can exclude second devices already registered as associated with the UE / subscriber.

[0216] It should be noted that the second information may include device information of one or more third devices, and the number of third devices is not limited in this application embodiment.

[0217] It should also be noted that the fourth threshold A and the fourth threshold B can be parameters predefined in the protocol, or parameters configured by the first core network device to the first device. That is, in one implementation, the first device can determine the fourth threshold (including fourth threshold A and / or fourth threshold B) based on predefined information. In another implementation, the first core network device can send third information to the first device, and this third information can configure the aforementioned fourth threshold (including fourth threshold A and / or fourth threshold B). This application does not limit the method of determining the fourth threshold.

[0218] The method provided in this application embodiment allows the first device to identify a suspicious third device and report the device information of the third device to the first core network device, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0219] In one embodiment of this application, the first device sending multiple first messages at multiple locations in step S410 can be achieved in the following way:

[0220] The first device sends a first message each time a first condition is met. The first condition is related to the location of the first device.

[0221] It should be noted that after the privacy and security verification process (Checking the security issue) is triggered, the first device can continuously monitor whether the first condition is met. Once the first condition is met, the first device can send a first message to trigger a response from nearby second devices.

[0222] Privacy and security verification can be understood as checking the risk of a user's location information being exposed to unauthorized A-IoT devices.

[0223] In some embodiments, the privacy and security verification process can be actively triggered by the first device. For example, the first device can actively trigger the privacy and security verification process at certain time intervals.

[0224] In some embodiments, the privacy and security verification process may be triggered by a second core network device. For example, the second core network device (e.g., a Policy Control Function (PCF) or a Network Openness Function (NEF)) automatically triggers the first device to perform the privacy and security verification process based on a real-time risk assessment.

[0225] In some embodiments, the privacy and security verification process may be triggered by an authorized external client. For example, an authenticated third-party application (such as an enterprise asset management platform) initiates the first device to perform the privacy and security verification process through a standardized interface (such as CAPIF or SCEF).

[0226] In some embodiments, the first device may stop sending first information when the number of first messages sent meets a first threshold. Specifically, the first device may send one first message each time a first condition is met, until the number of first messages sent by the first device meets the first threshold.

[0227] It should be understood that, in this embodiment of the application, the number of first messages sent by the first device during the privacy and security verification process can be fixed. That is, when the number of first messages sent by the first device meets a first threshold, the sending of first messages can be stopped. The first threshold can be understood as the number of first messages required by the system.

[0228] It should be noted that the first threshold can be predefined or configured by the network (e.g., the first core network device), and this application embodiment does not impose any restrictions on it.

[0229] In this embodiment of the application, the first condition is related to the location of the first device. It can be understood that when the location of the first device meets the corresponding condition, the first device can send first information to trigger the second device around the first device to send response information.

[0230] In some embodiments, the first condition may include one or more of the following A) through D):

[0231] A) The first distance is greater than or equal to the second threshold;

[0232] B) The difference between the first signal quality and the second signal quality is greater than or equal to the third threshold;

[0233] C) The first device performs a handover / cell reselection from the first access network device to the second access network device;

[0234] D) The first device is in the first moving state.

[0235] Regarding option A), the first distance can refer to the displacement distance of the first device from the position where it last sent the first information to its current position. In other words, the first information is sent once when the displacement distance of the first device is greater than or equal to the second threshold.

[0236] In this embodiment of the application, the second threshold can be understood as the minimum distance difference between adjacent positions.

[0237] It should be noted that, referring to Figure 6, in order to avoid the situation where the distance between the positions is too small due to the movement of the first device along the circular path (for example, positions 1 and 2, positions 2 and 3, positions 3 and 4, or positions 4 and 1 as shown in Figure 6), the second threshold requires that the distance between all adjacent sampling points must meet the threshold.

[0238] Regarding option B), the first signal quality can be the signal quality of the first access network device measured when the first device last sent the first information, and the second signal quality can be the signal quality of the first access network device currently measured by the first device.

[0239] It should be noted that the first access network device can be the access network device of the current serving cell of the first device. For example, the first access network device can be the serving BS.

[0240] The first device can measure the reference signal sent by the first access network device to obtain the first signal quality and the second signal quality.

[0241] In some embodiments, the reference signal may include one or more of the following: a synchronization signal and a physical broadcast channel block (SSB), a positioning reference signal (PRS), and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0242] In some embodiments, the first signal quality and / or the second signal quality may include one or more of the following:

[0243] Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP);

[0244] Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR);

[0245] Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).

[0246] It should be understood that the embodiments of this application do not limit the type of reference signal.

[0247] It should also be understood that the signal quality measured by the first device from the first access network device can, to some extent, reflect the distance between the first device and the first access network device. Specifically, a higher signal quality indicates a closer distance between the first device and the first access network device, while a lower signal quality indicates a greater distance between them.

[0248] In other words, for option B), when the difference between the first signal quality and the second signal quality is greater than or equal to the third threshold, it indicates that the position of the first device has changed significantly. Therefore, when option B) is satisfied, the first device can send the first information once.

[0249] Regarding option C), the second access network device can be a different access network device from the first access network device. In other words, the signal coverage area of ​​the second access network device differs from that of the first access network device.

[0250] Understandably, when the first device performs a handover / cell reselection from the first access network device to the second access network device, it can be considered that the first device has moved from the signal coverage area of ​​the original access network device to the signal coverage area of ​​the new access network device. The location of the first device has changed significantly. Therefore, when option C) is satisfied, the first device can send a first message.

[0251] For option D), the first mobility state can be a low mobility state and / or a medium mobility state.

[0252] It should be noted that the determination of the movement state may include movement behavior in the connected state and the idle / inactive state, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0253] It should also be noted that the first device can determine its mobility status according to the method described in the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here for the sake of brevity.

[0254] Understandably, when the first device is in low mobility states and / or medium mobility states, it can send the first information at certain time intervals.

[0255] It should be noted that the first condition may include one or more of A) through D). In one example, the first condition may include only one of A) through D). In another example, the first condition may include two of A) through D), and the first device may send a first message when either of the two conditions is met (or when both conditions are met). For example, the first condition may include A) and B), or A) and C), or A) and D), or B) and C), or B) and D), or C) and D). In yet another example, the first condition may include three of A) through D), and the first device may send a first message when any one of the three conditions is met (or when all three conditions are met). For example, the first condition may include A), B), and C), or A), B), and D), or B), C), and D). In yet another example, the first condition may include all of A) through D).

[0256] The first condition specifically includes which item(s) from A) to D) can be predefined by the protocol or configured by the first core network device. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0257] It should also be noted that the second threshold in option A), the third threshold in option B), and the first mobility state in option D) can be predefined by the protocol or configured by the first core network device. This application embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0258] In some embodiments, the first core network device may send third information to the first device, or the first device may receive third information sent by the first core network device. The third information may be used to configure one or more of the following: a first condition, a first threshold, a second threshold, a third threshold, and a first mobility state.

[0259] It should be noted that the first condition, the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the first movement state can be carried by the same signaling or by different signaling; this application embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0260] It should also be noted that the first device sends the first information when the first condition is met, which can also be understood as an event-triggered request. This is similar to the delayed positioning shown in Figure 3. The first core network device sending the third information to the first device is similar to steps 11-12 in Figure 3. The relevant content can be found in Figure 3, and for the sake of simplicity, it will not be repeated here.

[0261] In one embodiment of this application, referring to FIG7, after step S430, the following steps may be included:

[0262] S710, the first core network device sends a fourth message, and correspondingly, the first device receives the fourth message sent by the first core network device. The fourth message is used to instruct the fourth device; the fourth device is an unauthorized device among the third devices.

[0263] Understandably, after identifying a suspicious third device based on the second information, the first core network device can perform authorization verification on the suspicious third device to determine whether the third device is an authorized device. When the first core network device determines that there is an unauthorized device among the third devices (referred to as the fourth device in this embodiment), it can send fourth information to instruct the fourth device.

[0264] It should be noted that the fourth device can also be understood as an illegal device, a malicious device, an abnormal device, or a risky device, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0265] It should also be noted that the method by which the first core network verifies the third device can refer to the verification process in related technologies, such as the security technical specifications of 3GPP SA3. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0266] In some embodiments, the fourth information may be broadcast information, multicast information, or unicast information for the first device; this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0267] In one example, after the first core network device identifies the fourth device, it can broadcast the fourth information to devices in the system, multicast the fourth information to some devices in the system, or unicast the fourth information to the first device, so as to inform the devices receiving the fourth information that the fourth device is an unauthorized device and that interacting with the fourth device has the risk of exposing the device's privacy information.

[0268] In some embodiments, the fourth information may include device information of the fourth device. For example, identification information of the fourth device, or address information (such as IP address or MAC address).

[0269] In some embodiments, the fourth information may include specific indication information that instructs the receiving end of the fourth information to send a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device to disable the fourth device.

[0270] It should be noted that when the fourth message is a broadcast message or multicast message, after receiving the fourth message, the readers around the first device can respond to the indication information in the fourth message and send a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device to disable the fourth device.

[0271] In one embodiment of this application, referring to FIG7, the method provided in this embodiment may further include the following steps:

[0272] S720, the first device sends a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device.

[0273] It should be understood that after receiving the fourth information sent by the first core network device, the first device may send a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device indicated by the fourth information to disable the fourth device.

[0274] In some embodiments, after receiving the fourth information from the first core network device, the first device may proactively send a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device.

[0275] In some embodiments, the fourth information may include specific indication information, which is used to instruct the first device to send a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device. In this way, after receiving the fourth information from the first core network device, the first device can send a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device according to the indication of the fourth information.

[0276] It should be noted that step S720 is an optional step. It is indicated by a dashed arrow in Figure 7.

[0277] The method provided in this application embodiment helps the first device identify malicious devices in practical applications and triggers the network or a reader near the first device to send a disable / kill command to the fourth device, thereby preventing the malicious fourth device from stealing the privacy information of devices within the system.

[0278] The information transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific application scenarios.

[0279] It should be understood that in the future, particularly with Topology 2 in Application Protocol Version 20 (Release 20) (see Figure 2(b)), the A-IoT system will be open to B2C business models, meaning A-IoT devices can be placed on any object, including other people's belongings and anyone's clothing, to illegally track their location. It is well known that personal location information should be protected as much as possible. The risk of exposing the location information of users and / or their belongings to malicious actors will certainly limit the practical deployment of A-IoT systems.

[0280] This application provides an embodiment that illustrates a logistics scenario. Specifically, this application provides a method for repeatedly querying inventory to address the issue of exposing the location information of A-IoT devices.

[0281] In the method provided in this application embodiment, the UE, as a reader (equivalent to the first device in the above embodiment), can initiate A-IoT inventory requests (i.e., the first information in the above embodiment) at different locations. If some A-IoT devices always respond, they can be identified as suspicious devices.

[0282] Referring to the flowchart shown in Figure 8, the method provided in this application embodiment may include the following steps:

[0283] S1. Trigger the privacy and security verification process (Checking the security issue).

[0284] Here, privacy and security verification can be understood as checking the risk that the location information of the UE reader (equivalent to the first device in the above embodiment) will be exposed to an unauthorized A-IOT device (equivalent to the second device in the above embodiment).

[0285] In one example, the privacy and security verification process can be actively triggered by the UE reader. For instance, the UE reader can actively trigger the privacy and security verification process at certain time intervals.

[0286] In this example, referring to Figure 8, step S1 may include step S1b, whereby the UE can send a privacy and security verification request to the A-IOTF (equivalent to the first core network node in the above embodiment) through the NG-RAN node.

[0287] In one example, the privacy and security verification process can be automatically triggered by the PCF or NEF based on a real-time risk assessment.

[0288] In one example, the privacy and security verification process can be triggered by an authenticated third-party application (such as an enterprise asset management platform) through a standardized interface (such as CAPIF or SCEF).

[0289] In this example, referring to Figure 8, step S1 may include step S1a, where the external client may send a privacy and security verification request to A-IOTF.

[0290] S2, A-IOTF (equivalent to the first core network node in the above embodiment) sends configuration parameters related to A-IOT security checks (i.e., the third information in the above embodiment) to the UE reader (equivalent to the first device in the above embodiment).

[0291] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the configuration parameters related to A-IoT security checks can be understood as the configuration related to event-based A-IoT inventory requests.

[0292] Specifically, A-IoTF can configure event-based A-IoT inventory requests for UEs. These event-based A-IoT inventory requests can be triggered based on the following conditions:

[0293] Displacement trigger: The UE moves a distance exceeding a set threshold.

[0294] Coverage handover trigger: The UE moves to the coverage area of ​​the new gNB base station (based on the cell handover or reselection result).

[0295] Mobility State Constraint (Optional): Triggered only when the UE's mobility state is "Low Mobility State" or "Medium Mobility State".

[0296] It should be noted that such events can only be configured for the UE when the UE's movement speed is below a certain threshold or when the movement status is low / medium.

[0297] In some embodiments, the aforementioned configuration information may include the following information:

[0298] Threshold 1 (i.e., the first threshold in the above embodiments): the number of inventory requests required by the system.

[0299] Threshold 2 (i.e., the second threshold in the above embodiments): sets the minimum distance difference between adjacent positions triggered by consecutive distance (motion) events. This threshold requires that the distance between all adjacent sampling points must meet the condition (not limited to the first and last positions) to avoid the situation where the distance difference between some nodes on the path is too small when the user moves along the circular path as shown in Figure 6.

[0300] Threshold 3 (i.e., the fourth threshold in the above embodiments): a threshold for the ratio of the number of device inventory responses to the total number of inventory requests. It should be understood that devices exceeding threshold 3 will be considered suspicious devices.

[0301] It should be noted that threshold 2 and threshold 3 can be optional parameters.

[0302] S3. The UE reader (equivalent to the first device in the above embodiment) triggers the relevant inventory management process (equivalent to step S410 in the above embodiment).

[0303] It should be noted that, apart from the initial inventory request, the UE reader will continuously monitor the preset event triggering conditions configured in step S2 (equivalent to the first condition in the above embodiment). When the triggering condition is met (for example, when the UE's displacement exceeds a preset threshold or when it switches to the coverage area of ​​another gNB), the UE will trigger the second inventory process and record the result.

[0304] In some embodiments, the UE reader reports the results of the inventory request to the network (e.g., A-IOTF).

[0305] In other embodiments, the UE reader can save the inventory request results locally.

[0306] It should be noted that the UE will continuously execute the inventory management process in different locations / different coverage areas according to the configured event conditions until the cumulative number of completed inventory requests exceeds the preset threshold 1.

[0307] S4. The UE reader (equivalent to the first device in the above embodiment) sends the inventory count results or suspicious A-IoT devices (equivalent to the second information in the above embodiment) to the A-IoTF (equivalent to the first core network node in the above embodiment).

[0308] Understandably, if the UE reader stores the A-IoT device list locally, when some devices continuously send inventory responses to the reader (the ratio of their response count to the total number of inventory requests exceeds a preset threshold of 3), the abnormal situation needs to be reported to the A-IOTF; otherwise, the UE needs to report the complete result of each inventory request to the A-IoTF.

[0309] S5, A-IOTF and A-IOT devices perform authentication and authorization processes.

[0310] Unauthorized A-IoT devices will be forcibly terminated via Au command (the specific implementation of step 5 falls within the security technology scope of the 3GPP SA3 working group and is not within the scope of this intellectual property).

[0311] S6. If there are inspection results and / or other content from step 5 that require confirmation from the UE reader, they will be transmitted to the UE reader or an external client.

[0312] The preferred embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this application, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this application, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this application. For example, the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, this application will not describe the various possible combinations separately. Furthermore, various different embodiments of this application can also be arbitrarily combined, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this application, they should also be considered as the content disclosed in this application. Moreover, without conflict, the various embodiments and / or the technical features in the various embodiments described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with the prior art, and the resulting technical solutions should also fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0313] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. Specifically, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0314] Based on the foregoing embodiments, this application provides corresponding communication devices.

[0315] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application, applied to a first device. As shown in Figure 9, the communication device 900 includes:

[0316] The first communication unit 910 is configured to send multiple first messages at multiple locations, the first messages being used to trigger a second device to send response information; receive multiple response messages; and send second messages to a first core network device, the second messages being used to determine a third device; the third device being one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages.

[0317] In some embodiments, the first communication unit 910 is further configured to send a first message each time a first condition is met; the first condition is related to the location of the first device.

[0318] In some embodiments, the first communication unit 910 is further configured to stop sending the first information when the number of first information sent meets a first threshold.

[0319] In some embodiments, the first condition includes one or more of the following:

[0320] The first distance is greater than or equal to the second threshold, where the first distance refers to the displacement distance of the first device from the position where it last sent the first information to the current position;

[0321] The difference between the first signal quality and the second signal quality is greater than or equal to a third threshold. The first signal quality is the signal quality of the first access network device measured when the first device last sent the first information, and the second signal quality is the signal quality of the first access network device currently measured by the first device.

[0322] The first device performs a handover / cell reselection from the first access network device to the second access network device;

[0323] The first device is in a first movement state.

[0324] In some embodiments, the first signal quality and / or the second signal quality includes one or more of the following:

[0325] Reference signal received power;

[0326] Signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio;

[0327] Reference signal reception quality.

[0328] In some embodiments, the first movement state includes: a low movement state, and / or a medium movement state.

[0329] In some embodiments, the number of the second information includes a plurality of second information, the plurality of second information being associated with the plurality of first information, and each second information including device information of a second device that sends response information to the first information associated with the second information.

[0330] In some embodiments, the second information includes device information of the third device.

[0331] In some embodiments, the communication device 900 further includes a first processing unit configured to determine a third device from the second devices corresponding to the plurality of response information; the third device is a second device whose first parameter is greater than a fourth threshold; the first parameter refers to the ratio between the number of times the second device responds to the plurality of first information and the number of the plurality of first information, or the total number of times it responds to the plurality of first information.

[0332] In some embodiments, one or more of the first condition, first threshold, second threshold, third threshold, fourth threshold, and first movement state are determined based on predefined information.

[0333] In some embodiments, the first communication unit 910 is further configured to receive third information sent by the first core network device, the third information being used to configure one or more of the following:

[0334] first condition;

[0335] First threshold;

[0336] Second threshold;

[0337] Third threshold;

[0338] Fourth threshold;

[0339] First movement state.

[0340] In some embodiments, the first communication unit 910 is further configured to receive fourth information sent by the first core network device, the fourth information being used to indicate a fourth device; the fourth device is an unauthorized device among the third devices.

[0341] In some embodiments, the first communication unit 910 is further configured to send a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device.

[0342] In some embodiments, the first device is a reader; and / or, the second device is an environmental IoT device; and / or, the first core network device is an environmental IoT functional network element.

[0343] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application, applied to a first core network device. As shown in Figure 10, the communication device 1000 includes:

[0344] The second communication unit 1010 is configured to receive second information sent by the first device, the second information being used to determine a third device; the third device is one or more of a plurality of second devices corresponding to a plurality of response information received by the first device; the plurality of response information is a response to the plurality of first information; the plurality of first information is sent by the first device at multiple locations.

[0345] In some embodiments, the first device sends a first message each time a first condition is met; the first condition is related to the location of the first device.

[0346] In some embodiments, if the number of first messages sent by the first device meets a first threshold, the first device stops sending the first messages.

[0347] In some embodiments, the first condition includes one or more of the following:

[0348] The first distance is greater than or equal to the second threshold, where the first distance refers to the displacement distance of the first device from the position where it last sent the first information to the current position;

[0349] The difference between the first signal quality and the second signal quality is greater than or equal to a third threshold. The first signal quality is the signal quality of the first access network device measured when the first device last sent the first information, and the second signal quality is the signal quality of the first access network device currently measured by the first device.

[0350] The first device performs a handover / cell reselection from the first access network device to the second access network device;

[0351] The first device is in a first movement state.

[0352] In some embodiments, the first signal quality and / or the second signal quality includes one or more of the following:

[0353] Reference signal received power;

[0354] Signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio;

[0355] Reference signal reception quality.

[0356] In some embodiments, the first movement state includes: a low movement state, and / or a medium movement state.

[0357] In some embodiments, the number of the second information includes a plurality of second information, the plurality of second information being associated with the plurality of first information, and each second information including device information of a second device that sends response information to the first information associated with the second information.

[0358] In some embodiments, the communication device 1000 further includes a second processing unit configured to determine a third device, wherein the third device is a second device whose first parameter is greater than a fourth threshold; the first parameter refers to the ratio between the number of times the second device responds to a plurality of first information and the number of the plurality of first information, or the total number of times it responds to a plurality of first information.

[0359] In some embodiments, the second information includes device information of the third device.

[0360] In some embodiments, one or more of the first condition, first threshold, second threshold, third threshold, fourth threshold, and first movement state are determined based on predefined information.

[0361] In some embodiments, the second communication unit 1010 is further configured to send third information to the first device, the third information being used to configure one or more of the following:

[0362] first condition;

[0363] First threshold;

[0364] Second threshold;

[0365] Third threshold;

[0366] Fourth threshold;

[0367] First movement state.

[0368] In some embodiments, the second communication unit 1010 is further configured to send fourth information, the fourth information being used to indicate a fourth device; the fourth device being an unauthorized device among the third devices.

[0369] In some embodiments, the first device is a reader; and / or, the second device is an environmental IoT device; and / or, the first core network device is an environmental IoT functional network element.

[0370] Those skilled in the art should understand that the description of the information transmission device in the embodiments of this application can be understood with reference to the description of the information transmission method in the embodiments of this application.

[0371] Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. This communication device can be a first device or a first core network device. The communication device 1100 shown in Figure 11 includes a processor 1110, which can call and run computer programs from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.

[0372] Optionally, as shown in FIG11, the communication device 1100 may further include a memory 1120. The processor 1110 may retrieve and run computer programs from the memory 1120 to implement the methods described in the embodiments of this application.

[0373] The memory 1120 can be a separate device independent of the processor 1110, or it can be integrated into the processor 1110.

[0374] Optionally, as shown in FIG11, the communication device 1100 may further include a transceiver 1130, and the processor 1110 may control the transceiver 1130 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, it may send information or data to other devices or receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0375] The transceiver 1130 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1130 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0376] Optionally, the communication device 1100 may specifically be the first device in the embodiments of this application, and the communication device 1100 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0377] Optionally, the communication device 1100 may specifically be the first core network device in the embodiments of this application, and the communication device 1100 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first core network device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0378] Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of this application. The chip 1200 shown in Figure 12 includes a processor 1210, which can call and run computer programs from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.

[0379] Optionally, as shown in FIG12, chip 1200 may further include memory 1220. Processor 1210 may retrieve and run computer programs from memory 1220 to implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.

[0380] The memory 1220 can be a separate device independent of the processor 1210, or it can be integrated into the processor 1210.

[0381] Optionally, the chip 1200 may also include an input interface 1230. The processor 1210 can control the input interface 1230 to communicate with other devices or chips; specifically, it can acquire information or data sent by other devices or chips.

[0382] Optionally, the chip 1200 may also include an output interface 1240. The processor 1210 can control the output interface 1240 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0383] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of this application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0384] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the first core network device in the embodiments of this application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the first core network device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0385] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0386] This application also provides a computer storage medium storing one or more programs, which can be executed by one or more processors to implement the methods in this application.

[0387] Figure 13 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 13, the communication system 1300 includes a first device 1310 and a first core network device 1330.

[0388] The first device 1310 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the first device in the above method, and the first core network device 1320 can be used to implement the corresponding functions implemented by the first core network device in the above method. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0389] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor described above can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0390] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0391] It should be understood that the above-described memory is exemplary and not a limiting description. For example, the memory in the embodiments of this application may also be static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DR RAM), etc. That is to say, the memory in the embodiments of this application is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0392] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer programs.

[0393] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the terminal device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the terminal device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0394] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the first core network device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first core network device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0395] This application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions.

[0396] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0397] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the first core network device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first core network device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail here.

[0398] This application also provides a computer program.

[0399] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of this application. When the computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0400] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the first core network device in the embodiments of this application. When the computer program is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the first core network device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0401] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0402] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0403] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0404] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0405] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0406] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0407] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An information transmission method, the method comprising: The first device sends multiple first messages at multiple locations, and the first messages are used to trigger the second device to send response messages. The first device receives multiple response messages; The first device sends second information to the first core network device, the second information being used to identify the third device; The third device is one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The first device sends multiple first messages at multiple locations, including: The first device sends a first message each time a first condition is met; the first condition is related to the location of the first device.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, If the number of first messages sent by the first device meets the first threshold, the first device stops sending the first messages.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, The first condition includes one or more of the following: The first distance is greater than or equal to the second threshold, where the first distance refers to the displacement distance of the first device from the position where it last sent the first information to the current position; The difference between the first signal quality and the second signal quality is greater than or equal to a third threshold. The first signal quality is the signal quality of the first access network device measured when the first device last sent the first information, and the second signal quality is the signal quality of the first access network device currently measured by the first device. The first device performs a handover / cell reselection from the first access network device to the second access network device; The first device is in a first movement state.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The first signal quality and / or the second signal quality includes one or more of the following: Reference signal received power; Signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio; Reference signal reception quality.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, The first movement state includes: Low mobility state, and / or, medium mobility state.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The number of the second information includes multiple, and the multiple second information is associated with the multiple first information. Each second information includes device information of a second device that sends response information to the first information associated with it.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein, The second information includes the device information of the third device.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, Before the first device sends the second information to the first core network device, it also includes: The first device determines the third device from the second devices corresponding to the plurality of response information; The third device is a second device whose first parameter is greater than the fourth threshold; the first parameter refers to the ratio between the number of times the second device responds to multiple first information and the number of multiple first information, or the total number of times it responds to multiple first information.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2-6, 9, wherein, The first condition, the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, the fourth threshold, and one or more of the first movement state are determined based on predefined information.

11. The method according to any one of claims 2-6, 9, wherein, Also includes: The first device receives third information sent by the first core network device, the third information being used to configure one or more of the following: first condition; First threshold; Second threshold; Third threshold; Fourth threshold; First movement state.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein, Also includes: The first device receives fourth information sent by the first core network device, the fourth information being used to instruct the fourth device; The fourth device is an unauthorized device among the third devices.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, Also includes: The first device sends a termination command and / or a disable command to the fourth device.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1-13, wherein, Includes one or more of the following: The first device is a reader; The second device is an environmental IoT device; The first core network device is an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) functional network element.

15. An information transmission method, the method comprising: The first core network device receives second information sent by the first device, the second information being used to identify the third device; The third device is one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages received by the first device; the multiple response messages are responses to the multiple first messages; The multiple first pieces of information are sent by the first device at multiple locations.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The first device sends a first message each time a first condition is met; the first condition is related to the location of the first device.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, If the number of first messages sent by the first device meets the first threshold, the first device stops sending the first messages.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein, The first condition includes one or more of the following: The first distance is greater than or equal to the second threshold, where the first distance refers to the displacement distance of the first device from the position where it last sent the first information to the current position; The difference between the first signal quality and the second signal quality is greater than or equal to a third threshold. The first signal quality is the signal quality of the first access network device measured when the first device last sent the first information, and the second signal quality is the signal quality of the first access network device currently measured by the first device. The first device performs a handover / cell reselection from the first access network device to the second access network device; The first device is in a first movement state.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The first signal quality and / or the second signal quality includes one or more of the following: Reference signal received power; Signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio; Reference signal reception quality.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein, The first movement state includes: Low mobility state, and / or, medium mobility state.

21. The method according to any one of claims 15-20, wherein, The number of the second information includes multiple, and the multiple second information is associated with the multiple first information. Each second information includes device information of a second device that sends response information to the first information associated with it.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, The first core network device determines a third device, which is a second device whose first parameter is greater than a fourth threshold; the first parameter refers to the ratio between the number of times the second device responds to multiple first information and the number of multiple first information, or the total number of times it responds to multiple first information.

23. The method according to any one of claims 15-20, wherein, The second information includes the device information of the third device.

24. The method according to any one of claims 16-20, 22, wherein, The first condition, the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, the fourth threshold, and one or more of the first movement state are determined based on predefined information.

25. The method according to any one of claims 16-20, 22, wherein, Also includes: The first core network device sends third information to the first device, the third information being used to configure one or more of the following: first condition; First threshold; Second threshold; Third threshold; Fourth threshold; First movement state.

26. The method according to any one of claims 15-25, wherein, Also includes: The first core network device sends fourth information, which is used to instruct the fourth device; The fourth device is an unauthorized device among the third devices.

27. The method according to any one of claims 15-26, wherein, Includes one or more of the following: The first device is a reader; The second device is an environmental IoT device; The first core network device is an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) functional network element.

28. A communication device applied to a first device, the device comprising: The first communication unit is configured to send multiple first messages at multiple locations, wherein the first messages are used to trigger the second device to send response information; Receive multiple response messages; In addition, send second information to the first core network device, the second information being used to identify the third device; The third device is one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages.

29. A communication apparatus applied to a first core network device, the apparatus comprising: The second communication unit is configured to receive second information sent by the first device, the second information being used to determine the third device; The third device is one or more of the multiple second devices corresponding to the multiple response messages received by the first device; the multiple response messages are responses to the multiple first messages; The multiple first pieces of information are sent by the first device at multiple locations.

30. A communication device, the communication device comprising: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, connected to the memory, is configured to call and run the computer program from the memory to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, or the method as described in any one of claims 15 to 27; A transceiver is used to receive and send information when exchanging information with other devices.

31. A chip, the chip comprising: A processor for retrieving and running a computer program from memory, causing a device having the chip mounted to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 27; A transceiver is used to receive and send information during the exchange of information with a device or chip.

32. A computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program that causes a computer to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, or the method as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 27.

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