Battery system and electric apparatus
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/089990
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-04-16
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-22
Smart Images
Figure CN2025089990_22102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A battery system and an electrical device
[0001] This application claims priority to international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with the International Bureau, application number PCT / CN2025 / 089446, entitled “A Battery System and Electrical Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] And, priority is claimed to international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089441 and entitled “Battery System and Electrical Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0003] And claims priority to the international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089442 and entitled "Battery System and Electrical Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0004] And claims priority to the international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089433 and entitled “A Battery System and Electrical Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0005] And claims priority to the international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089445 and entitled "Battery System, Electrical Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0006] And claims priority to the international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089443 and entitled “A Battery System and Electrical Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0007] And claims priority to the international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089438 and entitled "Battery System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference;
[0008] And claims priority to the international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089439 and entitled "Battery System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference;
[0009] And claims priority to the international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089435 and entitled "Battery System and Electrical Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0010] And claims priority to the international patent application filed on April 16, 2025, with application number PCT / CN2025 / 089434 and entitled "Battery System and Electrical Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field
[0011] This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery system and an electrical device. Background Technology
[0012] Currently, the new energy vehicle industry is developing rapidly, and battery drive systems have become one of the most important factors affecting the performance and cost of new energy vehicles. Rechargeable batteries, with their advantages of high energy density and low memory effect, have undoubtedly become the primary choice for power sources when constructing battery drive systems. With the widespread application of rechargeable batteries, various electrical devices are placing more stringent requirements on the performance and reliability of battery systems.
[0013] Application content
[0014] The purpose of this application is to provide a battery system and power device, including but not limited to solving the problem of how to improve battery reliability.
[0015] The technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this application is:
[0016] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery system. Specifically, the battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a plurality of first battery cells, and the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells. The first battery pack includes at least one low-voltage battery module, and the second battery pack includes at least one high-voltage battery module. The first battery pack and the second battery pack are capable of independently providing voltage to a load.
[0017] In this embodiment, the battery system effectively integrates low-voltage and high-voltage battery modules. The first battery pack includes at least one low-voltage battery module, enabling it to provide low-voltage power to the vehicle. The second battery pack includes at least one high-voltage battery module, serving as the primary energy source for the entire battery system, thus providing good driving range. Furthermore, both battery packs, the first and second, can independently power the load, acting as backups for each other. Even if one pack fails, the battery system remains operational, providing continuous voltage to power the load, significantly improving the reliability and safety of the entire battery system.
[0018] In some embodiments, the second battery pack is used to connect to a first load and provide a first voltage to the first load;
[0019] The voltage conversion circuit is connected to the first battery pack, and the second battery pack is used to provide a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0020] In some embodiments, the second battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0021] The first battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit;
[0022] The first battery pack is used to connect to the second load to output a second voltage to the second load.
[0023] In some embodiments, the second battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load;
[0024] The second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit;
[0025] The first battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0026] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0027] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.
[0028] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes;
[0029] A first switch, connected to the first battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit;
[0030] The second switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.
[0031] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is further configured to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0032] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes:
[0033] The third switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.
[0034] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0035] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.
[0036] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch;
[0037] The fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0038] The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.
[0039] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a voltage conversion circuit, through which the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack.
[0040] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0041] A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0042] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;
[0043] The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively;
[0044] The first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.
[0045] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0046] A controller, connected to the voltage conversion circuit, controls the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the battery system is being charged.
[0047] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state;
[0048] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:
[0049] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;
[0050] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;
[0051] (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.
[0052] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to step down the voltage output by the second battery pack in order to charge the first battery pack when the state of charge of the first battery pack is less than or equal to 50% SOC.
[0053] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to step down the voltage output by the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack when the state of charge of the first battery pack is less than or equal to 80% SOC.
[0054] In some embodiments, the battery system includes a housing, in which both the first battery pack and the second battery pack are disposed. This integrates the first battery pack and the second battery pack into a single housing, thereby improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0055] In some embodiments, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module is ≤60V, and the voltage of the high-voltage battery module is ≥150V; optionally, the low-voltage battery module includes one or more of a 12V battery module, a 24V battery module, a 36V battery module, or a 48V battery module; optionally, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module is above 400V, and more preferably above 800V.
[0056] These low-voltage battery modules, with their specific voltage specifications, are more easily adapted to the diverse needs of various application scenarios. Controlling the voltage of the high-voltage battery modules to above 400V, or even as high as 800V or more, means that the second battery pack can handle greater charging power, significantly improving the charging process. It can charge the battery system with a large amount of power in a short time, efficiently helping the battery system complete energy replenishment, greatly shortening charging time, and effectively improving ease of use.
[0057] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least two high-voltage battery modules with different chemical systems. This design facilitates timely scene switching of the battery system and effectively improves the reliability of the battery system.
[0058] In some embodiments, the maximum discharge rate of the first battery cell is greater than the maximum discharge rate of the second battery cell.
[0059] Because the first battery cell has a higher maximum discharge rate, it can be charged quickly. Therefore, the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby improving the safety of the battery system.
[0060] In some embodiments, the maximum discharge rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 8C, and optionally greater than or equal to 10C. Under this condition, the first battery cell has good fast-charging capability.
[0061] In some embodiments, the ratio of the discharge power P of the first battery cell at 50% SOC at 25°C to the rated energy E of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 10 W / Wh. Under this condition, the first battery cell can operate efficiently.
[0062] In some embodiments, the first battery cell includes one or more of the following: sodium-ion battery, sodium metal battery, sodium-anode-free battery, lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell.
[0063] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.
[0064] Through proper design, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is relatively high, as described above. This allows the second battery pack to release more powerful electrical energy, thereby effectively increasing the driving range.
[0065] In some embodiments, the second battery cell shall at least meet one of the following conditions: (1) when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack shall not be less than 20kWh; (2) when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of greater than 800Wh / L and less than or equal to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack shall not be less than 40kWh; (3) when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of greater than 1200Wh / L and less than or equal to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack shall not be less than 60kWh.
[0066] By controlling the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell and the total capacity of the second battery pack within the aforementioned range, a second battery pack with higher energy density is obtained. This allows it to store more electrical energy with the same weight or volume, thereby providing power support for the battery system for a longer period of time. Alternatively, while achieving the same driving range, the battery system can be made lighter and smaller, thus enabling the battery system to have both higher driving range and higher efficiency.
[0067] In some embodiments, the second battery cell includes the following battery cells with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L:
[0068] At least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell, or at least one of the following: semi-solid-state battery cell, all-solid-state battery cell.
[0069] These battery cells have a high volumetric energy density, which can store more electrical energy. This helps to improve the battery system's range and reduce the frequency of battery system charging.
[0070] In some embodiments, at least one second battery cell is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode.
[0071] Lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells have a high theoretical specific capacity, which can store more electricity, thereby improving the energy density of the second battery pack and giving it a longer driving range.
[0072] In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode is one or more of the following: olivine phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, and spinel phase lithium manganese-based oxide.
[0073] These positive electrode active materials have high specific capacity, thus giving the battery cells high energy density to meet the needs of long battery life, or they have high chemical and thermal stability, effectively reducing the risk of performance degradation of battery cells during charging and discharging, and significantly improving the reliability of battery cells.
[0074] In some embodiments, the olivine phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate.
[0075] In some embodiments, the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide contains nickel, and the molar amount of nickel relative to the total molar amount of the transition metal is 0.5 or more, and more preferably 0.7 or more.
[0076] Controlling the nickel content within the above range is beneficial to improving the specific capacity and charge / discharge efficiency of lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells, resulting in higher energy density for the battery cells and improved battery system range.
[0077] In some embodiments, at 25°C, the second battery cell has an equivalent charge rate of 10% SOC-80% SOC greater than or equal to 2C. Optionally, the equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell is greater than 2.5C. Further, the equivalent charge rate of the second battery cell is greater than 4C.
[0078] Within the aforementioned range, this means that the second battery cell has good fast-charging performance, enabling the battery system to be charged with a large amount of power in a short time, efficiently replenishing energy, effectively alleviating range anxiety caused by insufficient power, and greatly improving the convenience of use.
[0079] In some embodiments, the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell includes graphite and optional silicon-based materials, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell is 30 μm to 60 μm.
[0080] By adjusting the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell and controlling the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side within the above range, the second battery cell can have a higher specific capacity and a faster charging rate, which is more conducive to the second battery pack outputting stable and abundant power, enabling longer driving range and effectively alleviating range anxiety.
[0081] In some embodiments, the second battery cell contains an electrolyte with a conductivity greater than or equal to 9 mS / cm, optionally greater than or equal to 11 mS / cm, and further optionally greater than or equal to 13 mS / cm.
[0082] If the conductivity of the electrolyte is within the above range, it means that the active ions in the electrolyte have a high migration rate, which allows the active ions to be transported quickly between the positive and negative electrodes, reducing the ion transport time and thus improving the charging efficiency of the second battery cell and shortening the charging time.
[0083] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
[0084] (1) The thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is not lower than 250℃;
[0085] (2) The overcharge boundary of the second battery cell is not lower than 140% SOC;
[0086] (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of solid-state battery cell and semi-solid-state battery cell, or includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate battery cell or lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell.
[0087] The second battery cell possesses the aforementioned conditions, such as a thermal runaway temperature of 250°C or higher and an overcharge boundary at 140% SOC or higher. This endows the battery cell with extremely strong thermal stability and overcharge tolerance, greatly reducing the risk of thermal runaway and significantly improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0088] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
[0089] (1) When the ambient temperature is -10℃, the charging time of the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes.
[0090] (2) When the ambient temperature is -20℃, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is above 80% when charged / discharged at 0.33C;
[0091] (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell. The positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.
[0092] The second battery cell possesses the aforementioned conditions, such as charging capability at an ambient temperature of -10℃ or capacity retention at an ambient temperature of -20℃. This means that the second battery cell has good low-temperature performance, which greatly expands the practical application scenarios of the battery system, enabling the battery system to still have relatively stable charging capability in low-temperature environments, and effectively maintaining the working efficiency of the battery system at low temperatures.
[0093] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
[0094] (1) When the second battery cell is at 50% SOC, the discharge time to the lower cutoff voltage at a 5C rate is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and more preferably greater than or equal to 100s.
[0095] (2) When the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C rate for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance DCR of the second battery cell is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ;
[0096] (3) The power density of the second battery cell is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally 600W / kg to 5000W / kg.
[0097] If the second battery cell meets the above conditions, it means that the second battery cell has good rate performance, low internal resistance, and high power density. This means that the second battery cell can provide a large discharge current in a short time, which can meet the requirements of scenarios with high instantaneous power.
[0098] In some embodiments, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell is 50 μm to 70 μm.
[0099] Controlling the thickness of the single-sided negative electrode active material layer within the above range means that the migration distance of active ions during charging and discharging is smaller, resulting in a higher transmission rate of active ions, which greatly improves the charging and discharging rate of the battery cell and gives the battery cell a higher power density.
[0100] In some embodiments, the coating weight of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the second battery cell is 0.100–0.170 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 .
[0101] By controlling the coating weight of the single-sided negative electrode active material layer within the above range, sufficient but not excessive active material provides abundant and orderly insertion sites for active ions, enabling active ions to be inserted quickly and efficiently, thereby achieving high-power electrical energy output and thus giving the battery cell a high power density.
[0102] In some embodiments, the second battery cell satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
[0103] (1) When the second battery cell is charged and discharged at a rate of 1C and 1C to 70% SOH, the number of cycles is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles.
[0104] (2) After being stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95%; and / or, after being stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98%.
[0105] The fact that the second battery cell meets the above conditions indicates that the second battery cell has a high cycle life and / or good high-temperature performance. This enables the battery system to have good electrochemical performance at high or extremely high ambient temperatures, and can provide continuous and stable power to the battery system. This gives the battery system good range in high-temperature environments.
[0106] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;
[0107] The battery system also includes: a heating system for regulating the temperature of the second battery pack; a controller for controlling the heating system to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the second battery pack is charging; the battery system for connecting to a first load; and the connection between the first and second battery packs, with the second battery pack outputting a first voltage to the first load. This helps to improve the internal reactivity of the battery and reduce charging time.
[0108] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the second battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C.
[0109] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;
[0110] The battery system also includes a controller for controlling the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the second battery pack is in charging mode. This helps reduce the occurrence of internal side reactions and extend the lifespan of the second battery cells.
[0111] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the second battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, the first rate ≤ 0.2C.
[0112] In some embodiments, the battery system includes a housing, within which a battery cavity is provided, comprising a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity.
[0113] A first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, and a second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure can block at least part of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.
[0114] The separation structure can effectively reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the entire battery system caused by thermal runaway of individual cells, and reduce the risk of thermal runaway propagation.
[0115] In some embodiments, the separation structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. This sealing and isolation can further reduce the risk of thermal runaway propagation between the first and second battery packs, improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0116] In some embodiments, the housing includes a tray and a cover, the cover being disposed opposite to the tray along a first direction, and the cover covering the tray;
[0117] The partition structure divides the housing into a first battery compartment and a second battery compartment, and the partition structure is connected to the cover and the tray on opposite sides along the first direction, respectively.
[0118] The partition structure serves both to isolate space and block emissions, and its structure is simple.
[0119] In some embodiments, the cover seals the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, and the partition structure further includes a seal between the partition structure and the cover; and / or, a seal is provided between the partition structure and the tray.
[0120] By incorporating seals, the sealing effect between the partition structure and the cover and / or tray can be improved, thereby enhancing the sealing and isolation effect between the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber, reducing the risk of emissions flowing between different chambers and the risk of thermal runaway propagation.
[0121] In some embodiments, the enclosure has an output interface for connecting to the power supply circuit of the load;
[0122] The first battery pack contains multiple first battery cells that are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal; the second battery pack contains multiple second battery cells that are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal.
[0123] The enclosure also includes an electrical cavity for housing electrical components. At least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to a first main terminal and an output interface, and at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to a second main terminal and an output interface. The output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity.
[0124] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the output interface can be directly passed through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity, which can shorten the wiring distance.
[0125] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting a power supply circuit to the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, and at least one of a first main terminal and a second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface via the first voltage conversion device to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage range being greater than or equal to 150V; and / or
[0126] The load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical components include a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminals is electrically connected to the second output interface through the second voltage conversion device to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.
[0127] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with an electrical cavity partition for sealing and isolating the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity; the electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole, and the battery system further includes an adapter, which is sealed through the mounting hole, one end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to an electrical component in the electrical cavity.
[0128] By adopting the above technical solution, the electrical cavity is sealed and isolated from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity, so that the emissions generated after the thermal runaway of the first battery cell and / or the second battery cell are not easily discharged into the electrical cavity, making the electrical components less susceptible to the effects of thermal runaway of the battery cell and improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0129] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, and the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber. The pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber. The first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway. The second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway.
[0130] The pressure relief mechanism on the housing can release the pressure inside the housing when actuated, thereby forming an opening or channel for internal pressure release.
[0131] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism, the first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism.
[0132] The first and second battery packs can be depressurized independently, making them less likely to affect each other and improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0133] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.
[0134] The management components enable the first and / or second battery packs to operate within their optimal operating range, improving the stability and reliability of the battery system and helping to extend its lifespan.
[0135] In some embodiments, the thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component, wherein the first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on a first battery pack and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on a second battery pack.
[0136] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are respectively thermally managed through corresponding sub-thermal management components. The structure of the first thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component can be flexibly set to adapt to the heat exchange requirements of the battery pack. Furthermore, if one sub-thermal management component fails due to blockage or other reasons, the other sub-thermal management component can still operate normally, thereby improving the overall thermal management reliability of the battery system.
[0137] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component.
[0138] By adopting the above technical solution, both the first and second sub-thermal management components can form a circulating flow path, which facilitates connection to the heat exchange medium source.
[0139] In some embodiments, the number of first battery chambers and second battery chambers can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery chambers and second battery chambers includes one or more of the following:
[0140] (1) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the length of the housing;
[0141] (2) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the box body;
[0142] (3) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the height direction of the box.
[0143] (4) One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the box;
[0144] (5) Several first battery chambers and several second battery chambers are arranged alternately.
[0145] In the battery system provided in this application embodiment, the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be varied, offering high flexibility. The specific arrangement can be configured according to the applicable scenario, the system of the battery cells, and other requirements to meet various usage needs.
[0146] In some embodiments, within the first battery cavity, a plurality of first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing; within the second battery cavity, a plurality of first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing.
[0147] The arrangement of the first and second battery cells within the battery cavity can be varied, offering high flexibility and making it easier to meet diverse usage needs.
[0148] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, including a first load and a second load; and a battery system provided in the first aspect.
[0149] The power device in this application uses the battery system of this application. Based on the fact that the battery system of this application includes two sets of uniquely connected battery packs, the power device using the battery system can better extend its driving range under various scenarios.
[0150] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.
[0151] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system for body control.
[0152] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which further includes an on-board charger (OBC) connected to the OBC, which is used for AC charging of the vehicle.
[0153] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes a vehicle, which further includes an on-board battery for providing a second voltage to a second load. Attached Figure Description
[0154] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or exemplary technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0155] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0156] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0157] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in some other embodiments of this application.
[0158] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of two structures of an electrical device provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0159] Figure 5 shows three circuit diagrams of the battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0160] Figure 6 shows two circuit diagrams of the battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0161] Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0162] Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0163] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in another embodiment of this application.
[0164] Figure 10 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0165] Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0166] Figure 12 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0167] Figure 13 is a structural diagram of the battery system using the circuit schematic in Figure 12.
[0168] Figure 14 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0169] Figure 15 is a circuit diagram of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0170] Figure 16 is a three-dimensional exploded view of a battery system provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0171] Figure 17 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the battery system shown in Figure 16 after the cover has been removed.
[0172] Figure 18 is a top view of the battery system shown in Figure 17.
[0173] Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the battery system shown in Figure 17 in another embodiment.
[0174] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in some other embodiments of this application.
[0175] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the battery cavity structure provided in some embodiments.
[0176] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the battery cell arrangement provided in some embodiments.
[0177] In the figures, the following labels are used: 1000, vehicle; 1100, battery system; 1200, controller; 1300, motor; 100, housing; 101, battery cavity; 1011, first battery cavity; 1012, second battery cavity; 102, electrical cavity; 110, first housing; 120, second housing; 10, tray; 11, side beam; 12, pressure relief cavity; 141, first inlet; 142, first outlet; 143, second inlet; 144, second outlet; 20, cover; 21, first cover; 22, second cover; 30, partition structure; 4 0. Sealing element; 50. Electrical cavity partition; 51. Adapter; 61. Pressure relief mechanism; 62. First pressure relief mechanism; 63. Second pressure relief mechanism; 70. Thermal management component; 71. First sub-thermal management component; 711. First heat exchange tube; 712. First current collector; 713. First heat exchange plate; 72. Second sub-thermal management component; 721. Second heat exchange tube; 722. Second current collector; 723. Second heat exchange plate; 200. Electrical component; 210. Switching module; 230. Voltage conversion circuit; 231. First voltage conversion device ; 232, Second voltage conversion device; 240, First power supply circuit; 250, Second power supply circuit; 280, Third voltage conversion device; 291, First power distribution device; 292, Second power distribution device; 293, Third power distribution device; 1001, Battery pack; 1002, Battery cell; 1003, Positive terminal; 1004, Negative terminal; 1005, Interface; 300, Second battery pack; 310, First battery cell; 311, First cell pressure relief mechanism; 320, First main terminal; 321, First insulating sampling junction Structure; 330, First battery pad; 400, First battery pack; 410, Second battery cell; 411, Second cell pressure relief mechanism; 420, Second main terminal; 421, Second insulating sampling structure; 430, Second battery pad; 500, Third battery pack; 600, Fourth battery pack; 700, Output interface; 710, First output interface; 7101, First sub-interface; 7102, Second sub-interface; 720, Second output interface; 800, Input interface; 900, Load; 910, First load; 920, Second load. Detailed Implementation
[0178] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0179] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly or indirectly attached to that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly or indirectly connected to that other component. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are for ease of description only, not to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features. "A plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.
[0180] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.
[0181] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b, and c", can both mean: a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.
[0182] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions.
[0183] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application may be combined to form new technical solutions.
[0184] Unless otherwise specified, all steps of this application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or it may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the mention that the method may also include step (c) indicates that step (c) may be added to the method in any order; for example, the method may include steps (a), (b), and (c), or it may include steps (a), (c), and (b), or it may include steps (c), (a), and (b), etc.
[0185] The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the embodiments of this application can refer not only to the specific content of each component, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components. Therefore, any scaling up or down of the content of the relevant components according to the embodiments of this application is within the scope disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Specifically, the mass described in the embodiments of this application can be a mass unit known in the chemical industry, such as μg, mg, g, or kg.
[0186] With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries, users often switch between multiple application scenarios when using the same power supply device, thus requiring the battery to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics. However, for battery cells with a single chemical system, multiple performance indicators often exhibit a trade-off, meaning that it is difficult for a single battery cell with the same system to simultaneously achieve multiple performance characteristics, let alone optimize them all at the same time. Researchers have been continuously exploring how to better alleviate users' range anxiety, achieve long battery life for individual cells, and maximize the performance advantages of the power supply device in multiple scenarios.
[0187] Moreover, in the field of new energy vehicles, secondary batteries, as the core of the power source, may experience abnormal power supply in the battery system under complex driving conditions, or even fail to output electrical energy normally. Once the battery system experiences abnormal power supply, the vehicle will not be able to obtain continuous power, which seriously affects the reliability and stability of the power supply of new energy vehicles in complex scenarios, casting a shadow on the user's travel experience and restricting the expansion of new energy vehicles into wider and more diversified use scenarios.
[0188] Based on this, this application provides a battery system that incorporates two battery packs: a first battery pack and a second battery pack. Since both the first and second battery packs can independently provide stable voltage to the load, they serve as backups for each other, creating a redundant power supply mode. Furthermore, by combining first and second battery cells with different voltages, the system's range and power supply reliability are effectively improved. The specific technical solution is as follows.
[0189] Battery System
[0190] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery system. Specifically, embodiments of this application provide a battery system. Specifically, the battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a plurality of first battery cells, and the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells. The first battery pack includes at least one low-voltage battery module, and the second battery pack includes at least one high-voltage battery module. The first battery pack and the second battery pack are capable of independently providing voltage to a load.
[0191] In this application, the battery system can be an energy storage device that provides electrical energy to electrical devices. The battery system includes a battery pack and a controller. The battery pack can be an electrical module used to achieve independent power output. The battery pack can be composed of multiple battery cells connected in series and / or parallel, specifically a battery module, some battery cells in a battery pack, some battery cells in a battery module, etc.; the battery pack can also be an independently set battery pack, a structurally integrated battery pack, etc. This application does not impose specific restrictions on the assembly method, physical location, or specific structural form of the battery pack.
[0192] The battery system disclosed in this application is applicable to various electrical devices that use battery systems, and can be used to form the power system of an electrical device. Electrical devices include mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys can include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
[0193] For ease of explanation, the following embodiments will be described using a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device.
[0194] Referring to Figure 1, vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery system 1100 is installed inside vehicle 1000, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of vehicle 1000. The battery system 1100 can be used to power vehicle 1000; for example, it can serve as the operating power source for vehicle 1000. Vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 1200 and a motor 1300. The controller 1200 controls the battery system 1100 to supply power to the motor 1300, for example, to meet the power needs of vehicle 1000 during starting, navigation, and driving.
[0195] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system 1100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
[0196] As shown in Figure 2, the battery system 1100 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs 1001, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack 1001 may include multiple individual battery cells 1002, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.
[0197] In some embodiments, the battery pack 1001 is typically formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells 1002.
[0198] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells 1002 into an independent module. As an example, the battery module can be formed by binding multiple battery cells 1002 together with cable ties.
[0199] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 further includes a housing for housing the battery pack. In some embodiments, the housing may be a housing 100 in which the battery pack 1001 is housed.
[0200] As an example, the battery pack 1001 can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing 100 by fixing the battery module in the housing 100.
[0201] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 may refer to an energy storage device, and the housing is a cabinet with a door on at least one side. The energy storage device includes energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.
[0202] In some embodiments, one or more battery packs in the battery system are configured to be removable and / or replaceable. In some embodiments, the battery packs can be replaced with the same or different battery packs, and different battery packs include, but are not limited to, differences in at least one of the following: voltage, capacity, energy density, and chemical system. In some embodiments, multiple battery cells in a battery pack can be the same or different, and different battery cells include, but are not limited to, differences in at least one of the following: voltage, capacity, energy density, and chemical system. In some embodiments, multiple battery packs can be housed in the same housing, or multiple battery packs can be housed in different housings, for example, each battery pack can be placed in a separate housing; or some of the battery packs can be placed in one housing, and the others can be placed in another housing.
[0203] In this application, "different chemical systems" can refer to at least one material being different in the positive electrode active material, negative electrode active material, or electrolyte of the first and second battery cells, thus exhibiting different chemical systems. Batteries with different chemical systems possess different performance characteristics, enabling complementary advantages to adapt to a wider range of applications.
[0204] This can be understood as the first and second battery packs being able to independently provide voltage to the load. Specifically, both the first and second battery packs have the capability to independently power the load, and they do not need to rely on each other to provide the required voltage. When the load requires power, the first battery pack can directly output a suitable voltage to the load, driving it to operate, thanks to its own energy storage and output characteristics. Similarly, the second battery pack can also independently provide the voltage required for the load's normal operation without relying on the first battery pack.
[0205] In applications, there are no specific restrictions on the type of the second battery cell in the second battery pack; only that the total capacity meets the requirements. The second battery cell should possess at least one of the following excellent properties: high volumetric energy density (high specific energy), capable of storing more energy in a limited space; suitable for low-temperature environments, able to output power stably even at low temperatures; suitable for high-temperature environments, able to maintain good working condition even at high temperatures; suitable for high-power scenarios, meeting the demand for instantaneous high-power output; and possess a long cycle life, capable of withstanding multiple charge-discharge cycles with slow performance degradation.
[0206] In this embodiment, the battery system effectively integrates low-voltage and high-voltage battery modules. The first battery pack includes at least one low-voltage battery module, enabling it to provide low-voltage power to the vehicle. The second battery pack includes at least one high-voltage battery module, serving as the primary energy source for the entire battery system, thus providing good driving range. Furthermore, both battery packs, the first and second, can independently power the load, acting as backups for each other. Even if one pack fails, the battery system remains operational, providing continuous voltage to power the load, significantly improving the reliability and safety of the entire battery system.
[0207] In some embodiments, the battery system includes a housing, and both the first battery pack and the second battery pack are disposed within the housing.
[0208] Integrating a first battery pack, including a low-voltage battery module, and a second battery pack, including a high-voltage battery module, into a single housing effectively improves the safety of the battery system. In one embodiment, because the battery system also includes a voltage conversion circuit, the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack via this circuit. Therefore, even when the low-voltage battery module is low on power or completely depleted, it can be charged using the second battery pack via the high-voltage conversion circuit, significantly enhancing the reliability of the battery system.
[0209] In some embodiments, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module is ≤60V, and the voltage of the high-voltage battery module is ≥150V. For example, the voltage of the low-voltage battery module can be a typical but not limiting value such as 12V, 24V, 36V, 48V, 60V; the voltage of the high-voltage battery module can be a typical but not limiting value such as 150V, 400V, 800V, 1000V.
[0210] Specifically, the low-voltage battery module includes one or more of the following: 12V battery module, 24V battery module, 36V battery module, or 48V battery module.
[0211] It can be understood that the low-voltage battery module can be a primary battery or a secondary battery.
[0212] These battery modules, with their specific voltage specifications, can adapt to the diverse needs of various application scenarios. In one implementation, the low-voltage battery module includes a variety of battery modules of different specifications. The combination of multiple modules is equivalent to forming a redundant design, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0213] Specifically, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module is above 400V, and optionally above 800V.
[0214] For example, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module can be a typical but not limiting value such as 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 900V, 1000V, 1500V, 2000V, etc.
[0215] Controlling the voltage of the high-voltage battery module to above 400V, or even above 800V, allows for greater charging power. This enables the battery system to charge more power in a shorter time, significantly reducing charging time. Furthermore, higher voltage effectively reduces energy loss, thereby improving the battery system's transmission efficiency and significantly increasing the driving range of the battery system with the same amount of power.
[0216] In one implementation, since the battery system also includes a voltage conversion circuit, the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack through this circuit. Because the high-voltage battery module has a high voltage, even exceeding 800V, this significantly increases the overall battery system's range. Specifically, on one hand, the high-voltage battery module can rapidly output a strong current thanks to its high voltage characteristics, ensuring smooth operation of the battery system. On the other hand, the second battery pack containing the high-voltage battery module can efficiently transfer its charge to the first battery pack containing the low-voltage battery module through the voltage conversion circuit. This not only improves energy utilization and extends the battery system's range but also allows the high-voltage battery module to temporarily replenish energy when the low-voltage battery module experiences a partial failure, effectively maintaining the battery system's functionality. This significantly enhances the battery system's instantaneous switching capability, reliability, and fault tolerance in any scenario.
[0217] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least two high-voltage battery modules with different chemical systems.
[0218] Different chemical systems can refer to the fact that high-voltage battery modules differ in at least one of the materials used in the positive electrode active material, negative electrode active material, or electrolyte, thus exhibiting different chemical systems in individual battery cells.
[0219] The combined use of multiple high-voltage battery modules can achieve a redundant design. Even if some modules malfunction, the remaining normal modules can ensure that the second battery pack continues to function, thereby increasing the reliability and fault tolerance of the battery system.
[0220] High-voltage battery modules employ different chemical systems. In this case, the advantages of the bonds in different chemical systems can complement each other, thereby greatly expanding the application scenarios of the battery system and enabling it to easily switch between different scenarios to meet different operating conditions.
[0221] In some embodiments, the maximum discharge rate of the first battery cell is greater than the maximum discharge rate of the second battery cell.
[0222] Because the first battery cell has a higher maximum discharge rate, it can be rapidly charged and is suitable for scenarios with instantaneous high current output. In one embodiment, since the battery system also includes a voltage conversion circuit, the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit. Therefore, when the first battery cell is low in power or depleted, it can be rapidly charged by the second battery pack using the high-voltage conversion circuit, thereby increasing the operating time of the first battery pack and significantly enhancing the reliability of the battery system.
[0223] In some embodiments, the maximum discharge rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 8C, and optionally greater than or equal to 10C. For example, the maximum discharge rate of the first battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 8C, 10C, 12C, 15C, 20C, or 30C.
[0224] Within the aforementioned range, the first battery cell has good fast charging capability, which can significantly shorten charging time, improve ease of use, and also facilitate the second battery pack to charge it using a high-voltage conversion circuit.
[0225] In some embodiments, the ratio of the discharge power P of the first battery cell at 50% SOC at 25°C to the rated energy E of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 10 W / Wh.
[0226] For example, the ratio of discharge power to rated energy can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 10W / Wh, 20W / Wh, 30W / Wh, 40W / Wh, or 50W / Wh.
[0227] Within the aforementioned range, it means that the first battery cell has high energy utilization and strong power output, enabling the first battery cell to work efficiently.
[0228] In some embodiments, the first battery cell includes one or more of the following: sodium-ion battery, sodium metal battery, sodium-anode-free battery, lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell.
[0229] In this application, the battery system uses a secondary battery with the above-mentioned chemical system as the battery cell of the low-voltage battery module. This not only meets the high power requirements of the electrical device for low-voltage power, but also has a longer cycle life, which helps to reduce the frequency of replacement of the low-voltage battery module by the user and greatly improves the ease of use of the electrical device.
[0230] In some embodiments, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.
[0231] For example, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell can be typical but not limiting values such as 200Wh / L, 400Wh / L, 600Wh / L, 800Wh / L, 1000Wh / L, 1400Wh / L, 1600Wh / L, 2000Wh / L, etc.
[0232] Volumetric energy density refers to the amount of electrical energy that a battery can store per unit volume. A higher volumetric energy density means that the battery system can store more electrical energy within the same volume. Therefore, through proper design, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell can be made relatively high, as described above. This allows the second battery pack to release more powerful electrical energy, effectively increasing the driving range.
[0233] In one embodiment, a second battery pack containing second battery cells is electrically connected to a first battery pack containing first battery cells via a voltage conversion circuit. The second battery pack can charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and the volumetric energy density of the second battery cells is as described above. Thus, the overall energy level of the battery system is relatively high. In terms of energy utilization, the high volumetric energy density of the second battery cells allows the second battery pack to store a large amount of electrical energy within a limited volume, extending the driving range of the battery system. Furthermore, when the first battery pack is low on power, the second battery pack can quickly and efficiently replenish its energy using the voltage conversion circuit, promoting the continuous and stable operation of the battery system.
[0234] In some embodiments, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh.
[0235] For example, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 200Wh / L, 400Wh / L, 500Wh / L, 600Wh / L, 700Wh / L, or 800Wh / L. The total capacity of the second battery pack can be in the range of 20kWh to 60kWh, or 70kWh to 100kWh, or even higher. For example, the total capacity of the second battery pack can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 20kWh, 40kWh, 60kWh, 80kWh, 100kWh, 200kWh, or 300kWh.
[0236] In some embodiments, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than 800Wh / L and less than or equal to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh.
[0237] For example, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 810Wh / L, 900Wh / L, 1000Wh / L, 1100Wh / L, or 1200Wh / L. The total capacity of the second battery pack can be in the range of 40kWh to 60kWh, or in the range of 60kWh to 100kWh, or even higher. For example, the total capacity of the second battery pack can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 40kWh, 60kWh, 80kWh, 100kWh, 200kWh, or 300kWh.
[0238] In some embodiments, when the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than 1200Wh / L and less than or equal to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.
[0239] For example, the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell can be typical but not limiting values such as 1210Wh / L, 1300Wh / L, 1400Wh / L, 1500Wh / L, 1600Wh / L, 1800Wh / L, and 2000Wh / L. The total capacity of the second battery pack can be in the range of 60kWh to 80kWh, or in the range of 80kWh to 200kWh, or even higher. For example, the total capacity of the second battery pack can be typical but not limiting values such as 60kWh, 80kWh, 100kWh, 200kWh, and 300kWh.
[0240] By controlling the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell and the total capacity of the second battery pack within the aforementioned range, a second battery pack with higher energy density is obtained. This allows it to store more electrical energy with the same weight or volume, thereby providing power support for the battery system for a longer period of time. Alternatively, while achieving the same driving range, the battery system can be made lighter and smaller, thus enabling the battery system to have both higher driving range and higher efficiency.
[0241] In some embodiments, the second battery cell includes the following battery cells with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L:
[0242] At least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, and lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode.
[0243] These battery cells have a high volumetric energy density, which can store more electrical energy. This helps to improve the battery system's range and reduce the frequency of battery system charging.
[0244] Specifically, in the second battery cell, the lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell primarily uses lithium iron phosphate as its positive electrode active material. Understandably, the positive electrode active material also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on the lithium iron phosphate matrix. Doping elements include metal elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, while the coating material can be carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, etc. In this battery cell, the negative electrode active material is primarily graphite.
[0245] Specifically, in the second battery cell, the lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell primarily uses lithium manganese iron phosphate as its positive electrode active material. Understandably, the positive electrode active material also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on the lithium manganese iron phosphate matrix. Doping elements include metal elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, while the coating material can be carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, etc. In this battery cell, the negative electrode active material is primarily graphite.
[0246] Specifically, the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell in the second battery cell can achieve a volumetric energy density of 500Wh / L to 1000Wh / L. Its positive electrode active material is mainly ternary material, such as nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material, nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary cathode material, etc., and also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on a ternary material matrix. As an example, the chemical formula of a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material can be Li... x Ni b Co d Mn e M f O (2-y) Wherein, 0.6≤x≤1.2, -0.2≤x≤0.2, 0.314≤b≤0.970, optionally 0.50≤b≤0.960, further optionally 0.80≤b≤0.960, 0≤d≤0.320, optionally 0.047≤d≤0.320, 0.006≤e≤0.390, the sum of b, d, e and f is 1, and f is greater than 0, M includes one or more elements selected from Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Na, Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Cr, Zn, Ba, B, S, Nb, Sb and Y, optionally, M includes at least one or more elements selected from Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Mg and Al.
[0247] Specifically, the negative electrode active material of the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell in the second battery cell is mainly composed of graphite. In another embodiment, the negative electrode active material in the battery cell also includes silicon-based materials. As an example, the mass content of silicon in the negative electrode active material can be 0-10%, optionally 0.5%-3%.
[0248] Specifically, the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell in the second battery cell has a positive electrode active material comprising two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Its negative electrode active material is primarily graphite. In another embodiment, the negative electrode active material in this battery cell also includes silicon-based materials.
[0249] In some embodiments, the second battery cell includes at least one of a semi-solid-state battery cell and an all-solid-state battery cell. A semi-solid-state battery cell is a battery cell that falls between a liquid battery and an all-solid-state battery, wherein its electrolyte portion is in a semi-solid state, possessing some characteristics of both liquid and all-solid-state batteries. An all-solid-state battery cell is a battery cell in which the electrolyte is entirely solid and no liquid electrolyte is present.
[0250] For semi-solid-state battery cells, gel electrolytes, such as gel polymer electrolytes, are used. These are gel-like electrolytes formed by mixing a polymer matrix and an electrolyte, combining the characteristics of solid polymers and liquid electrolytes. The electrolyte of the gel polymer electrolyte may include a solvent and an active metal salt (e.g., for lithium batteries, the active metal salt may be a lithium salt). The solvent can be a non-aqueous solvent, and optionally, the solvent may include a primary solvent and an auxiliary solvent. The types of primary solvent, auxiliary solvent, and lithium salt are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can choose flexibly according to actual needs.
[0251] Specifically, the main solvent in the semi-solid battery electrolyte can be, but is not limited to, at least one of ester solvents, ether solvents, sulfone solvents, nitrile solvents, and ionic liquid solvents. Among them, ester solvents can include, but are not limited to, at least one of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butenyl carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), ethylene sulfite (ES), propylene sulfite (PS), dimethyl sulfite (DMS), diethyl sulfite (DES), γ-butyrolactone (BL), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), methyl formate (MF), ethyl formate (EF), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), ethyl propionate (EP), ethyl butyrate (EB), and their fluorinated derivatives. Ether solvents may include, but are not limited to, at least one of dimethoxymethane (DMM), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEE), 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM), tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydropyran (THP), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,3-dioxane (1,3-DXA), 1,4-dioxane (1,4-DXA), and their fluorinated derivatives. Sulfone solvents include, but are not limited to, at least one of dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ethylmethyl sulfone, tetramethylene sulfoxide, ethylmethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfoxide, methylphenyl sulfone, methylphenyl sulfoxide, ethylphenyl sulfone, ethylphenyl sulfoxide, vinylphenyl sulfone, vinylphenyl sulfoxide, and their fluorinated derivatives. Using the main solvent within the range given above is beneficial for promoting the dissolution of active metal salts and giving the electrolyte good ion transport performance.
[0252] Specifically, the auxiliary solvent in the electrolyte of a semi-solid battery can be a solvent that does not dissolve active metal salts but is well miscible with the main solvent. Treating the auxiliary solvent as a diluent, by adding a diluent to a high-concentration electrolyte to form a locally high-concentration electrolyte, the characteristics of a high-concentration electrolyte can be retained, while also obtaining the advantages of low viscosity and high ionic conductivity of a low-concentration electrolyte. This allows the electrolyte to combine the advantages of both low-concentration and high-concentration electrolytes, resulting in a higher ion migration rate and better electrochemical stability, thereby further improving the battery's kinetic performance.
[0253] Specifically, the auxiliary solvents in the semi-solid battery electrolyte may include, but are not limited to, fluoroethylene carbonate, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, fluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene, m-difluorobenzene, o-difluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, decafluoropentane, perfluoropentanone, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ether. At least one of the following: methyl ether, 1H,1H,5H octafluoropentyl, 1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl trifluoromethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3,3 pentafluoropropyl ether, heptafluoropropyl-1,2,2,2 tetrafluoroethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3 tetrafluoropropyl ether, perfluoroisopropylmethyl ether, 1,1,2,2 tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2 trifluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl-2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether, etc.
[0254] Specifically, the type of active metal salt in a semi-solid-state battery can be selected based on the type of battery suitable for the gel polymer electrolyte. Taking lithium batteries as an example, the active metal salt can be lithium salt, and the lithium salt in the electrolyte can be one or more of the following: lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTF), lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP), lithium dioxolane borate (LiBOB), lithium difluorooxolane borate (LiDFOB), lithium difluorodioxolane phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxolane phosphate.
[0255] In some embodiments of this application, the polymeric monomers and / or prepolymers of the gel polymer matrix, the initiator, the active metal salt, and the thermally conductive particles are co-dispersed in the electrolyte. After the electrolyte is injected into a housing containing electrode components, polymerization is carried out at elevated temperatures, causing the polymeric monomers and / or prepolymers to undergo an in-situ polymerization reaction to form the gel polymer matrix. The initiator is used to initiate the polymerization of the polymeric monomers and / or prepolymers to form the gel polymer matrix. Optionally, additives can be added to the electrolyte as needed to achieve the desired effect; for example, additives that inhibit the dissolution of transition metals can be added, and / or additives that promote film formation can be added. Among them, the additives that promote film formation may include, but are not limited to, propane sulpholactone, vinyl sulfate, vinyl sulfite, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphate, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphite, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphate, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphite, tris(trimethylsilane) borate, dimethyl maleic anhydride and 1,4-diisocyanate. Selecting additives within the given range is beneficial to improving the stability of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery and extending the battery life.
[0256] Solid-state battery cells typically consist of a positive electrode, a solid electrolyte, and a negative electrode. Solid electrolytes include at least one of the following: sulfide-based solid electrolytes, oxide-based solid electrolytes, organic solid electrolytes, and composite electrolytes. Depending on the type of solid electrolyte, solid-state battery cells containing sulfide-based solid electrolytes can achieve a volumetric energy density of 800-1200 Wh / L; solid-state battery cells containing oxide-based solid electrolytes have a volumetric energy density of approximately 700-1000 Wh / L.
[0257] The thickness of the solid electrolyte can be selected differently depending on the properties of the desired solid-state battery cell. Specifically, in some embodiments, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be from 0.1 μm to 1000 μm; in other embodiments, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be from 1 μm to 500 μm; in still other embodiments, the thickness of the solid electrolyte can be from 20 μm to 30 μm; this application does not limit it in this regard.
[0258] Among them, sulfide solid electrolytes exhibit the highest lithium-ion conductivity (up to 25 mS / cm), good mechanical deformability, and adaptability to electrode volume changes. In this application embodiment, there are no particular limitations on the type of sulfide solid electrolyte, and all known sulfide materials used in the battery field are acceptable. In this application embodiment, sulfide solid electrolytes include, but are not limited to, Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and Thio-LISICON (Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75S4), Li2S-P2S5-LiCl, Li2S-SiS2, LiI-Li2S-SiS2, LiI-Li2S-P2S5, LiI-Li2S-P2O5, LiI-Li3PO4-P2S5, Li2S-P2S5, Li3PS4, Li7P3S 11 , LiI-Li2S-B2S3, Li3PO4-Li2S-Si2S, Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2, LiPO4-Li2S-SiS, Li 10 GeP2S 12 Li 9.54 Si 1.74 P 1.44 S 11.7 Cl 0.3 and Li7P3S 11 At least one of them.
[0259] Oxide-based solid electrolytes exhibit high electrochemical safety and mechanical strength. In this application embodiment, the oxide-based solid electrolyte can be any known oxide material used in the lithium battery field. In this application embodiment, the oxide-based solid electrolyte includes at least one of perovskite solid electrolyte, sodium superionic conductor solid electrolyte (NASICON), lithium superionic conductor solid electrolyte (LISICON), and lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide solid electrolyte (LLZO).
[0260] Organic solid electrolytes can readily form electrode interfaces and minimize dendrite growth, thereby ensuring stable reactions between the organic solid electrolyte and lithium metal and resulting in low interfacial impedance. In the embodiments of this application, the organic solid electrolyte comprises polyethylene oxide (PEO).
[0261] For the aforementioned semi-solid-state or all-solid-state battery cells, the positive electrode active material can be: mainstream high-capacity high-nickel ternary materials, lithium-rich manganese-based materials, or high-pressure oxides to improve energy density. The negative electrode can be lithium metal, with a theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh / g. The risk of dendrite growth can be reduced through composite structures (such as ultrathin lithium metal-based materials). Further interface optimization can be performed, for example, using an artificial interlayer: introducing an alloy phase (such as Li) between the lithium metal negative electrode and the electrolyte. x In y Alternatively, a flexible buffer layer can be used to suppress dendrite penetration. Or, a surface micropattern design can be employed to optimize the surface morphology of the solid electrolyte, reducing defects and thus lowering interfacial resistance. Additionally, the anode can be a silicon anode (3590 mAh / g), which can form a stable SEI film through the solid electrolyte to improve cycle performance.
[0262] In some embodiments, at least one second battery cell is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode.
[0263] Lithium-ion electrodeless battery cells have a high theoretical specific capacity, which can store more electricity, thereby improving the energy density of the second battery pack and giving it a longer driving range.
[0264] A lithium-ion battery without a negative electrode (AFB) is a lithium-ion battery manufactured without a conventional negative electrode active material (such as graphite, silicon, silicon oxide, etc.) on the negative electrode current collector. A lithium metal layer is generated on the negative electrode during the first charge and discharge after battery assembly.
[0265] In some embodiments, the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell in the second battery cell, based on its high volumetric energy density, can have excellent electrochemical performance by selecting the positive electrode active material, negative electrode sheet, electrolyte, and battery cell casing.
[0266] Specifically, the negative electrode is a smooth copper foil with a surface roughness ≤0.3μm, a thickness of 4.5~7μm, and a tensile strength of 400-1600MPa.
[0267] Specifically, the positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of the following: olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide, and spinel-phase lithium-manganese-based oxide. Among these, olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate has a stable olivine structure, and during charging and discharging, the crystal structure changes little during lithium-ion insertion and extraction, maintaining structural stability and thus exhibiting excellent cycle performance and significantly enhancing the battery cell's tolerance to high voltages. Optionally, the olivine-phase lithium-containing phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate. For layered lithium-containing transition metal oxides, taking nickel-cobalt-manganese as an example, better cycle performance can be obtained by optimizing the element ratio, and higher nickel content results in higher energy density, which is more conducive to improving the battery cell's long-range capability. Optionally, the layered lithium-containing transition metal oxide contains nickel, and the molar ratio of nickel to the total molar ratio of transition metal elements is 0.5 or higher, and more preferably 0.7 or higher. This gives the second cell a higher energy density.
[0268] As an example, layered lithium-containing transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) such as NCM622 (LiNi). 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O2), NCM811(LiNi) 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O2), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA, LiNixCoγAlnO2) such as LiNi 0.84 Co0.12 Al 0.04 O2, nickel-rich lithium nickel oxides, such as at least one of LiNiO2.
[0269] In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material in the second battery cell of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell includes: lithium iron phosphate, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 450 to 700 Wh / L; or two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 600 to 1000 Wh / L; or lithium-containing transition metal oxides, such as lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, with a volumetric energy density ranging from 800 to 2000 Wh / L. By adjusting the type of positive electrode active material, the volumetric energy density of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell can be effectively controlled. At the same time, the cycle life of lithium-ion electrodeless batteries with different positive electrode active materials also varies.
[0270] In some embodiments, the casing material of the lithium-ion negative electrodeless battery cell in the second battery cell can be an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag or a rigid casing, including aluminum, steel, or titanium casings. The casing can have high yield strength, high tensile strength, high melting point, or high thermal conductivity. Optionally, one or more elastomeric buffer pads (such as aerogel pads) with a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, can be provided at the large surface area between the casing and the electrode assembly to alleviate expansion forces.
[0271] In some embodiments, the battery system of this application combines a first battery pack including a low-voltage battery module and a second battery pack including a second battery cell, and the second battery cell has better fast charging performance, so that the battery system can achieve a longer driving range while having better fast charging capability.
[0272] Specifically, "fast charging" can be understood as: an equivalent charging rate of ≥2C from 10% SOC to 80% SOC, with a charging time ≤21 minutes. For example, at a normal temperature of 25-30℃, with an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C, it can charge from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in just 18 minutes; with an equivalent charging rate of 4C, it can charge from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in just 10 minutes; and with an equivalent charging rate of 6C, it can charge from 10% SOC to 80% SOC in just 6 minutes. SOC is an abbreviation for "State of Charge," which indicates the percentage of a battery's rated capacity remaining at a given moment.
[0273] In some embodiments, when the battery system also includes a second battery cell with fast charging performance and high volumetric energy density, the technical advantage of the second battery cell's equivalent charging rate of 10%-80% SOC can be utilized to promptly meet the user's emergency power needs. Simultaneously, the battery system can control the second battery pack to continuously supply power to the first battery pack, helping to meet the user's demand for large single-charge power needs. Specifically, during the equivalent charging rate test, current redundancy or power redundancy of the charging pile is required.
[0274] In some embodiments, at 25°C, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2C greater than or equal to 10% SOC-80% SOC.
[0275] For example, the equivalent charging rate of the second battery cell in the range of 10% SOC-80% SOC can be in the range of 2C-2.5C, or even in the range of 2.5C-5C, or even higher. For example, the equivalent charging rate of the second battery cell in the range of 10% SOC-80% SOC can be typical but not limiting values such as 2C, 2.5C, 3C, 4C, 5C, etc.
[0276] The 10% SOC-80% SOC equivalent charging rate refers to the equivalent charging capability of a battery as it charges from 10% to 80% of its State of Charge (SOC). Specifically, it is calculated by combining the amount of charge and the charging time within this range to determine the equivalent charging rate. Furthermore, the prerequisite for testing the 10% SOC-80% SOC equivalent charging rate is that the charging station has current or power redundancy.
[0277] Within the aforementioned range, this means that the second battery cell has good fast-charging performance, enabling the battery system to be charged with a large amount of power in a short time, efficiently replenishing energy, effectively alleviating range anxiety caused by insufficient power, and greatly improving the convenience of use.
[0278] In some embodiments, at 25°C, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or higher at a state of charge of 10%-80% SOC.
[0279] For example, the equivalent charging rate of the second battery cell in the range of 10% SOC-80% SOC can be in the range of 3C-4C, or even in the range of 4C-5C, or even higher. For example, the equivalent charging rate of the second battery cell in the range of 10% SOC-80% SOC can be typical but not limiting values such as 2.8C, 3C, 4C, 5C, etc.
[0280] Within the aforementioned range, the second battery cell exhibits excellent fast-charging capability, effectively shortening the charging time. It can also effectively reduce the time the battery cell is in a low or high charge state, thereby reducing battery polarization, suppressing internal side reactions, and extending the battery cell's lifespan.
[0281] In some embodiments, at 25°C, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or higher at 10% SOC-80% SOC.
[0282] For example, the equivalent charging rate of the second battery cell in the range of 10% SOC-80% SOC can be 4.5C-6C or even higher. For example, the equivalent charging rate of the second battery cell in the range of 10% SOC-80% SOC can be typical but not limiting values such as 4.5C, 5C, 5.5C, 6C, etc.
[0283] Within the aforementioned range, the charging time of the second battery cell is significantly reduced, allowing the battery system to acquire a large amount of power in a very short time. This greatly improves the ease of use of the battery system, effectively alleviates range anxiety, and significantly enhances travel efficiency.
[0284] In some embodiments, in the second battery cell with better fast charging performance, the negative electrode sheet includes graphite and optional silicon-based materials, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell is 30 μm to 60 μm.
[0285] Graphite possesses excellent electrical conductivity, enabling rapid electron conduction during charging, which helps improve the charging rate of individual battery cells and endows them with better fast-charging performance. Silicon-based materials have high specific capacity, allowing for a thinner negative electrode active material layer to be formed while achieving the same battery capacity. This significantly shortens the diffusion path of active ions in the electrode material, thus significantly improving the battery's charging capability. Furthermore, silicon-based materials have a relatively high voltage plateau, which significantly reduces the risk of lithium plating in individual battery cells. Therefore, using a composite of graphite and silicon-based materials as the negative electrode active material leverages their complementary advantages. This not only effectively improves the energy density of individual battery cells, thereby increasing the overall energy storage capacity of the second battery cell, but also enhances the fast-charging capability of the individual battery cells and reduces the risk of lithium plating.
[0286] For example, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, 50μm, 60μm.
[0287] Controlling the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell within the above range means that the active ions have a shorter diffusion path. This allows the active ions to be embedded into the negative electrode active material layer in large quantities and quickly in a short time. As a result, the second battery cell exhibits better fast charging capability.
[0288] In some embodiments, the second battery cell with better fast charging performance contains an electrolyte with a conductivity greater than or equal to 9 mS / cm.
[0289] Electrolyte conductivity refers to the ability of an electrolyte to conduct current at a certain temperature. Higher conductivity indicates faster ion migration and smoother charge transfer inside the battery, thus helping to improve the battery's charge and discharge performance and efficiency.
[0290] For example, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be in the range of 9 mS / cm to 11 mS / cm, or 11 mS / cm to 13 mS / cm, or even higher. For instance, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be typical but not limiting values such as 9 mS / cm, 10 mS / cm, 11 mS / cm, 12 mS / cm, and 13 mS / cm.
[0291] In some embodiments, the second battery cell includes an electrolyte with a conductivity greater than or equal to 11 mS / cm.
[0292] For example, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be in the range of 11 mS / cm to 13 mS / cm, or 13 mS / cm to 15 mS / cm, or even higher. For instance, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be typical but not limiting values such as 11 mS / cm, 12 mS / cm, 13 mS / cm, and 15 mS / cm.
[0293] In some embodiments, the second battery cell includes an electrolyte with a conductivity greater than or equal to 13 mS / cm.
[0294] For example, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be in the range of 13 mS / cm to 15 mS / cm, or 15 mS / cm to 25 mS / cm, or even higher. For instance, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be typical but not limiting values such as 13 mS / cm, 15 mS / cm, 20 mS / cm, and 25 mS / cm.
[0295] When the electrolyte conductivity is within the aforementioned range, the ion migration rate in the electrolyte is faster. This means that active ions can be rapidly transported between the positive and negative electrodes, thus significantly improving charging efficiency and greatly shortening charging time. From a battery kinetics perspective, high-conductivity electrolytes optimize the ion transfer process at the electrode / electrolyte interface. During charging, active ions can more efficiently deintercalate from the positive electrode and rapidly intercalate into the negative electrode, reducing electrode polarization and improving the battery's charge-discharge kinetics. This process effectively reduces internal energy loss within the battery, not only accelerating charging but also enabling the battery to maintain more stable performance during charge-discharge cycles, extending battery life.
[0296] In the embodiments of this application, the electrolyte of the second battery cell with fast-charging performance may include a solvent and an active metal salt (e.g., for lithium batteries, the active metal salt may be a lithium salt). The solvent may be a non-aqueous solvent, and optionally, the electrolyte may also include additives. The types of solvent, additives, and lithium salts are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can choose flexibly according to actual needs. As an example, the solvent includes at least one of diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and carboxylic acid esters (e.g., ethyl acetate or methyl acetate); the additives include at least one of 1,3-propanesulfonate lactone, vinylene carbonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium fluorosulfonate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium difluorobis(oxalate) phosphate, tris(trimethylsilane) phosphate, and tris(trimethylsilane) borate.
[0297] The secondary battery cell anode material for better fast charging is not limited; it can be graphite, or a graphite-silicon-carbon or silicon-oxygen composite modified with graphite. The anode sheet typically uses graphite particles with a small average particle size and a thinner single-sided active material layer. For example, the Dv50 of the graphite particles can be: 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, 10μm, 12μm, 14μm, 15μm, or 16μm. Optionally, the Dv50 range of the graphite particles is 5μm–15μm or 8μm–12μm. The thickness of the single-sided active material layer of the anode sheet can be: 50μm, 52μm, 54μm, 56μm, 58μm, 60μm, 62μm, 64μm, 66μm, 68μm, or 70μm. Optionally, the thickness of the active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet ranges from 50 μm to 70 μm, or from 52 μm to 68 μm. Coating weight (CW): 0.100–0.170 g / 1540.25 mm 2The positive electrode material of the second battery cell with better fast charging performance is not limited, including one or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Among them, fast-charging second battery cells using lithium iron phosphate and / or lithium manganese iron phosphate can have better safety performance while ensuring good fast charging capability. Fast-charging second battery cells using lithium-containing transition metal oxides can have higher energy density while ensuring good fast charging capability.
[0298] In some embodiments, the size of the second battery cell with better fast charging performance is not limited. As an example, a battery cell with the following dimensions can be used: length 200-500mm, width 80-200mm, and thickness 10-30mm. Specifically, the second battery cell can also achieve high-temperature fast charging (fast charging at >40°C).
[0299] In some embodiments, the battery system of this application combines a first battery pack including a low-voltage battery module and a second battery pack including a second battery cell, wherein the second battery cell has both high volumetric energy density and high safety performance, thereby enabling the battery system to have better safety performance while having a long driving range.
[0300] Specifically, the so-called second battery cell with higher safety performance refers to a thermal runaway temperature of not less than 250°C, or an overcharge boundary of not less than 140% SOC.
[0301] For example, a high-safety-performance second battery cell could be a battery cell with a state-of-charge boundary >140°C that fails during a hot box test. Alternatively, it could be a battery cell that does not ignite or explode after being penetrated during a nail penetration test. Another option is to fabricate the battery cell into a simplified module, allowing for directional pressure relief in the event of thermal runaway, with the explosion-proof valve opening while the weld seam remains closed, the casing undamaged, and adjacent cells not failing.
[0302] In some embodiments, the thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is not lower than 250°C.
[0303] Understandably, thermal runaway temperature refers to the critical temperature at which thermal runaway occurs; that is, when the temperature of a single battery cell reaches this temperature, thermal runaway begins. A higher thermal runaway temperature indicates higher safety performance and better reliability of the battery cell.
[0304] The second battery cell has the above-mentioned conditions, such as a thermal runaway temperature of 250°C or above. This gives the battery cell extremely strong thermal stability and overcharge tolerance, greatly reducing the risk of thermal runaway and significantly improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0305] In some embodiments, the overcharge boundary of the second battery cell is not less than 140% SOC.
[0306] The overcharge boundary of no less than 140% SOC means that in battery overcharge testing, charging the battery to 140% of its rated state of charge (SOC) is used as the boundary condition for the test. According to this overcharge test boundary requirement, the performance and safety of individual battery cells under severe overcharge conditions are evaluated, which also implies that the second battery cell has good reliability.
[0307] In some embodiments, the second battery cell with high safety performance includes at least one of a solid-state battery cell and a semi-solid-state battery cell.
[0308] In the embodiments of this application, the types of solid-state batteries and semi-solid-state batteries are as described above, and will not be repeated here.
[0309] In some embodiments, the second battery cell with high safety performance includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate battery cell, or lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell.
[0310] These batteries, such as solid-state and semi-solid-state cells, have good thermal stability and are not prone to electrolyte leakage, which results in a higher thermal runaway initiation temperature, thus improving the reliability of the second cell.
[0311] In this embodiment, the second cell with high safety performance is selected from lithium iron phosphate battery cells, and its positive electrode active material is mainly lithium iron phosphate. It is understood that the positive electrode active material also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on the lithium iron phosphate matrix. The doping elements include metal elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, and the coating material can be selected from carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, and other materials.
[0312] In this embodiment, the second cell with high safety performance is selected as a lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell, and its positive electrode active material is mainly lithium manganese iron phosphate. It is understood that the positive electrode active material also includes compounds obtained by doping and / or coating modification on the lithium manganese iron phosphate matrix. The doping elements include metal elements such as Ti, Al, and Mg, and the coating material can be selected from carbon-based materials, fast ion conductors, and other materials.
[0313] In this embodiment, the second cell with high safety performance is selected from sodium batteries, such as sodium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion negative electrodeless battery cells, and sodium metal battery cells. Its positive electrode active material includes at least one of sodium-containing transition metal oxides, sodium-containing polyanionic compounds, and sodium-containing Prussian blue compounds. Among these, the transition metal in the sodium-containing transition metal oxide can be one or more of Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, V, Zr, and Ce. For example, the sodium-containing transition metal oxide can be Na.x MO2, where M is one or more of Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, and Cu, and 0 < x ≤ 1. Sodium-containing polyanionic compounds include sodium vanadium trifluorophosphate Na3V2(PO4)2F3, sodium vanadium fluorophosphate NaVPO4F, sodium vanadium phosphate Na3V2(PO4)3, Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7, NaFePO4, and Na3V2(PO4)3, one or more of these. Sodium-containing Prussian blue compounds are Na... y M1M2(CN)6, wherein M1 and M2 are one or more of Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ti, V, Zr, and Ce, and 0 < y ≤ 2.
[0314] In the embodiments of this application, nano-batteries, such as sodium-ion battery cells and sodium metal battery cells, have negative electrode sheets comprising carbon-based negative electrode materials, titanium-based oxide negative electrode materials, metal and alloy negative electrode materials, and non-metallic elements. The carbon-based negative electrode materials include hard carbon and soft carbon; the titanium-based oxide negative electrode materials include titanium dioxide and other optimized materials; the metal and alloy negative electrode materials can be sodium, tin, antimony, germanium, and lead, etc.; and the non-metallic elements include carbon, etc. However, this application is not limited to these materials, and other materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials for sodium metal batteries can also be used. These negative electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more materials.
[0315] In some embodiments, the negative electrode of the sodium battery is the negative current collector, meaning the negative current collector directly serves as the negative electrode. This type of sodium battery can also be called a "negative electrode-free battery." During charging, sodium ions released from the positive electrode deposit onto the negative current collector to form a sodium metal negative electrode, in which sodium metal is the active material. In other embodiments, a conductive film layer can be disposed on the negative current collector to facilitate normal use of the negative electrode or to allow sodium metal to deposit on it.
[0316] In the embodiments of this application, the electrolyte of nano-batteries, such as sodium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion negative electrodeless battery cells, and sodium metal battery cells, includes sodium salts and organic solvents. Specifically, the embodiments of this application do not impose any particular limitation on the organic solvent in the electrolyte; the organic solvent can be any organic solvent commonly used in electrolytes in the art. As an example, the organic solvent can be selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl propionate, fluoroethylene carbonate, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and methyl tert-butyl ether. In the embodiments of this application, there is no particular limitation on the sodium salt in the electrolyte; the sodium salt can be any sodium salt commonly used in electrolytes in the art. As an example, the sodium salt can include, but is not limited to, at least one of sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, sodium difluorophosphate, sodium perchlorate, and sodium chloride.
[0317] In some embodiments, the battery system of this application combines a first battery pack including a low-voltage battery module and a second battery pack including a second battery cell, wherein the second battery cell has better low-temperature performance, thereby enabling the battery system to meet the requirements for normal operation in low-temperature application scenarios while also better achieving the requirement for long battery life.
[0318] Specifically, "good low-temperature performance" of a battery cell refers to the following: at a low temperature of -10℃, the charging time for a battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an equivalent 4C rate is ≤35min; or at a low temperature of -10℃, the charging time for a battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC at an equivalent 2.5C rate is ≤40min; or at a low temperature of -20℃, the capacity retention rate of a battery cell is >80% when charged and discharged at 0.33C; or at a low temperature of -20℃, the internal resistance of a battery cell is no more than twice that at room temperature when charged and discharged at 0.33C.
[0319] In some embodiments, at an ambient temperature of -10°C, the charging time for the second battery cell to charge from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes.
[0320] For example, the charging time for the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is ≤40 min, or ≤35 min, or even lower. For example, the charging time for the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC can be typical but non-limiting values such as 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, etc.
[0321] Understandably, the charging time from 10% SOC to 80% SOC refers to the time it takes to charge a battery from its initial 10% SOC to 80% SOC under charging conditions at an ambient temperature of -10°C. It is used to measure battery charging speed and charging performance.
[0322] The charging time of the second battery cell is less than or equal to 40 minutes, which means that the second battery cell has better low-temperature performance and charging capability, making the battery system suitable for cold or low-temperature regions. This reduces the problem of reduced driving range caused by low temperature and the probability of irreversible damage caused by low temperature, which helps to improve the driving range and service life of the battery system.
[0323] In some embodiments, at an ambient temperature of -20°C, the second battery cell retains more than 80% of its capacity when charged / discharged at 0.33C.
[0324] For example, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell when charged / discharged at 0.33C can be in the range of 81%-85%, or 85%-90%, or 90%-95%, or even higher.
[0325] Understandably, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell at 0.33C refers to the capacity retention rate of the battery cell obtained when the second battery cell is charged and discharged at an ambient temperature of -20℃ using a charge and discharge rate of 0.33C and after a certain number of charge and discharge cycles. This is used to measure the performance stability and service life of the second battery cell under low temperature conditions.
[0326] Even under extremely low ambient temperatures, the second battery cell retains over 80% of its capacity. This fully demonstrates the excellent low-temperature stability and adaptability of the battery cell, enabling it to stably maintain a high proportion of its initial capacity under extreme low-temperature conditions, thus ensuring the battery system operates stably and continuously.
[0327] In some embodiments, the second battery cell with better low-temperature performance includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion negative electrode-free battery cell, sodium metal battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell. The positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.
[0328] These individual battery cells have good low-temperature performance, and at low or extremely low ambient temperatures, they have good charging capacity and cycle performance, which can provide continuous and stable power to the battery system. This gives the battery system good range in low-temperature environments.
[0329] In this embodiment, the second battery cell with better low-temperature performance is selected as a sodium battery, such as a sodium-ion battery cell, a sodium-ion electrodeless battery cell, or a sodium metal battery cell. The requirements for sodium batteries and the selection of positive and negative electrode materials have been described in detail above, and will not be repeated here.
[0330] In this embodiment, the second battery cell with better low-temperature performance is a ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and its positive electrode active material is mainly composed of ternary materials. As an example, the chemical formula of the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary positive electrode material can be Li... x Ni b Co d Mn e M f O (2-y) Wherein, 0.6≤x≤1.2, -0.2≤x≤0.2, 0.314≤b≤0.970, optionally 0.50≤b≤0.960, further optionally 0.80≤b≤0.960, 0≤d≤0.320, optionally 0.047≤d≤0.320, 0.006≤e≤0.390, the sum of b, d, e and f is 1, and f is greater than 0, wherein M is selected from one or more elements selected from Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Na, Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Cr, Zn, Ba, B, S, Nb, Sb and Y, optionally, M is Mg and / or Al.
[0331] In this embodiment, the second battery cell with better low-temperature performance is selected as a hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, whose positive electrode active material includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. As an example, the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes a first positive electrode active material and a second positive electrode active material; of course, the battery cell may also include lithium iron phosphate. The mass ratio of the first positive electrode active material to the second positive electrode active material is 0.5:9.5-9.5:0.5, optionally 2:8-8:2, and further optionally 3:7-7:3. The negative electrode sheet uses at least graphite material as the negative electrode active material.
[0332] The chemical formula of the first positive electrode active material is Li. a A x Mn 1-y B y P 1-z C z O 4-n D n, 0.9≤a≤1.1, 0.001≤x≤0.1, 0.001≤y≤1, 0≤z≤0.1, 0.001≤n≤0.1, A is selected from one or more elements from Zn, Al, Na, K, Mg, Nb, Mo, and W; B is selected from one or more elements from Ti, V, Zr, Fe, Ni, Mg, Co, Ga, Sn, Sb, Nb, and Ge; C is selected from one or more elements from B, S, Si, and N; D is selected from one or more elements from S, F, Cl, and Br. The chemical formula of the second positive electrode active material is Li x Ni b Co d Mn e M f O (2-y) Wherein, 0.6≤x≤1.2, -0.2≤x≤0.2, 0.314≤b≤0.970, optionally 0.50≤b≤0.960, further optionally 0.80≤b≤0.960, 0≤d≤0.320, optionally 0.047≤d≤0.320, 0.006≤e≤0.390, the sum of b, d, e and f is 1, and f is greater than 0, M includes one or more elements selected from Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Na, Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Cr, Zn, Ba, B, S, Nb, Sb and Y, optionally, M includes at least one or more elements selected from Ti, W, Zr, Sr, Mg and Al.
[0333] In some embodiments, the battery system of this application combines a first battery pack including a low-voltage battery module and a second battery pack including a second battery cell, wherein the second battery cell has a higher rate performance, thereby enabling the battery system to achieve a longer driving range while having high power performance.
[0334] Specifically, for "ultra-high power": it supports continuous discharge from 5C to 50C, and even instantaneous pulse discharge (such as above 10C). The efficiency of high-power batteries is >90% when discharging at 10C. It can be applied to power tools, drones, and instantaneous acceleration of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).
[0335] In some embodiments, the discharge time of the second battery cell at 50% SOC, discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, is greater than or equal to 30 seconds.
[0336] In some embodiments, the discharge time of the second battery cell at 50% SOC, discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, is greater than or equal to 60 seconds.
[0337] In some embodiments, the discharge time of the second battery cell at 50% SOC, discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, is greater than or equal to 100s.
[0338] For example, at 50% SOC and discharged at a 5C rate to the lower cutoff voltage, the discharge time of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 100s, 200s, 300s, 400s, 500s, or 600s.
[0339] Within the aforementioned range, it is explained that the second battery cell can provide a large discharge current in a short period of time, which can meet the requirements of scenarios with high instantaneous power requirements, such as instantaneous acceleration of devices such as power tools, drones, and hybrid gas lamps.
[0340] In some embodiments, when the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C rate for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance DCR of the second battery cell is less than 0.4mΩ.
[0341] In some embodiments, when the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C rate for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance DCR of the second battery cell is less than 0.3mΩ.
[0342] For example, when the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 0.05mΩ, 0.1mΩ, 0.15mΩ, 0.2mΩ or 0.25mΩ.
[0343] Within the aforementioned range, it means that the internal resistance of the second battery cell is relatively low, resulting in higher energy utilization efficiency. This not only increases the actual usable capacity of the battery system and extends its service life, but also helps reduce polarization of the battery cells during charging and discharging, reducing electrode material loss and deformation, thereby extending the battery's cycle life.
[0344] In some embodiments, the power density of the second battery cell is not less than 500W / kg.
[0345] In some embodiments, the power density of the second battery cell is 600W / kg to 5000W / kg.
[0346] For example, the power density of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 600W / kg, 1000W / kg, 2000W / kg, 3000W / kg, 4000W / kg or 5000W / kg.
[0347] Within the aforementioned range, it is evident that the second battery cell possesses a high power density, resulting in a smaller size and lighter weight while maintaining the same power output. This contributes to a lightweight battery system, thereby improving range performance. Furthermore, the high power density significantly optimizes the charging and discharging capabilities of the second battery cell. During charging, it drastically reduces charging time and improves efficiency. During discharging, it can rapidly release a large amount of electrical energy, providing ample power support for the battery system and meeting the performance requirements of various application scenarios.
[0348] In some embodiments, for a high-power second battery cell, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of its negative electrode sheet is 50 μm to 70 μm.
[0349] For example, the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 50 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, or 70 μm.
[0350] Controlling the thickness of the single-sided negative electrode active material layer within the above range means that the migration distance of active ions during charging and discharging is smaller, resulting in a higher transmission rate of active ions, which greatly improves the charging and discharging rate of the battery cell and gives the battery cell a higher power density.
[0351] In some embodiments, for a high-power second battery cell, the coating weight of its single-sided negative electrode active material layer is 0.100–0.170 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 .
[0352] For example, the coating weight of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the second battery cell can be 0.1–0.15 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 Alternatively, it could be 0.12–0.17 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 For example, 0.1g / 1540.25mm 2 0.12g / 1540.25mm 2 0.13g / 1540.25mm 2 0.14g / 1540.25mm 2 0.7g / 1540.25mm 2 Typical but not restrictive values.
[0353] By controlling the coating weight of the single-sided negative electrode active material layer within the above range, sufficient but not excessive active material provides abundant and orderly insertion sites for active ions, enabling active ions to be inserted quickly and efficiently, thereby achieving high-power electrical energy output and thus giving the battery cell a high power density.
[0354] In some embodiments, the battery system of this application combines a first battery pack including a low-voltage battery module and a second battery pack including a second battery cell, wherein the second battery cell has a long lifespan and / or good high-temperature performance, thereby enabling the battery system to have a long battery life while having a long driving range.
[0355] Specifically, the second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When charged and discharged at a rate of 1C to 70% SOH, the second battery cell has a cycle life of not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles, thus having a good cycle life. Or, (2) When stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95%; and / or, when stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98%.
[0356] For example, when cycling to 70% SOH, the number of cycles for the second battery cell can be typical but not limiting values such as 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, or 6500 cycles. The second battery cell can maintain relatively good performance after multiple charge-discharge cycles, exhibiting good durability and stability.
[0357] For example, after storage at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%; and / or, after storage at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell can be a typical but non-limiting value such as 98%, 98.1%, 98.5%, 98.8%, or 99%. The fact that the second battery cell can maintain a high capacity after being stored at high temperatures for several months indicates that the second battery cell has good high-temperature resistance.
[0358] The fact that the second battery cell meets the above conditions indicates that the second battery cell has a high cycle life and / or good high-temperature performance. This enables the battery system to have good electrochemical performance at high or extremely high ambient temperatures, and can provide continuous and stable power to the battery system. This gives the battery system good range in high-temperature environments.
[0359] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;
[0360] The battery system also includes: a heating system for regulating the temperature of the second battery pack; a controller for controlling the heating system to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the second battery pack is in charging condition; the battery system is used to connect to a first load; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected, and the second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load.
[0361] The negative electrode-free battery cell has a high energy density, which can effectively reduce the weight of the second battery pack and increase its energy storage capacity. At the same time, when working together with the heating system and controller, the temperature of the second battery pack can be accurately controlled to above 40°C during charging. This helps to improve the internal reactivity of the battery, reduce the internal resistance of the battery, improve charging efficiency, and reduce charging time.
[0362] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the second battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C.
[0363] Specifically, the heating temperature can be 40℃, 41℃, 42℃, 43℃, 44℃, 45℃, 46℃, 47℃, 48℃, 49℃, 50℃, 51℃, 52℃, 53℃, 54℃, 55℃, 56℃, 57℃, 58℃, 59℃, 60℃, 61℃, 62℃, 63℃, 64℃, 65℃, 66℃, 67℃, 68℃, 69℃, or 70℃. The heating temperature can be any of the above values or within any range of both.
[0364] In some embodiments, the second battery pack includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell;
[0365] The battery system also includes a controller for controlling the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the second battery pack is in a charging state.
[0366] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 0.5C when the second battery pack is in a charging state; optionally, the first rate ≤ 0.2C.
[0367] Specifically, the first multiplier can be any point value among 0.01C, 0.05C, 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.3C, 0.4C, 0.5C, 0.6C, 0.7C, 0.8C, 0.9C, and 1C, or within any range of both.
[0368] The negative electrode-free battery cell has a high energy density, which can effectively reduce the weight of the second battery pack and increase its energy storage capacity. At the same time, when paired with a controller, the voltage conversion circuit is limited to charging the second battery pack at a rate not exceeding 1C, or even lower than 0.2C, which can effectively reduce the risk of heat generation in the battery system, reduce internal side reactions, avoid damage to the electrode material structure, and extend the service life of the negative electrode-free battery cell and the entire second battery pack.
[0369] In applications, since the battery system does not specify the type or main performance of the second battery cell in the second battery pack, the second battery cell is used to ensure that it can be used well at low temperatures and can also take into account at least one of the following performance characteristics: high safety, good performance at high temperatures, high power and high specific capacity (i.e., high specific energy).
[0370] As a first example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 12V low-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of first battery cells, the first battery cells being battery cell VIII-1. The second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of second battery cells, the second battery cells being high-energy-density battery cell I-4.
[0371] As a second example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 12V low-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of first battery cells, the first battery cells being battery cell VIII-1. The second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of second battery cells, the second battery cells being long-life battery cell VI.
[0372] As a third example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 12V low-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of first battery cells, the first battery cells being battery cell VIII-1. The second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of second battery cells, the second battery cells being low-temperature resistant battery cell VI-1.
[0373] As a fourth example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 12V low-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of first battery cells, each of which is a battery cell VIII-1. The second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of second battery cells, each of which is a high-power battery cell V.
[0374] As a fifth example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 12V low-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of first battery cells, the first battery cells being battery cell VIII-1. The second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of second battery cells, the second battery cells being high-safety battery cell III.
[0375] As a sixth example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 12V low-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of first battery cells, the first battery cells being battery cell VIII-1. The second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of second battery cells, the second battery cells being high-temperature resistant battery cell VII.
[0376] As a seventh example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 12V low-voltage battery module, and the second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module. The high-voltage battery module includes a plurality of second battery cells, which are fast-charging battery cells II-2.
[0377] As an eighth example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 12V low-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of first battery cells, the first battery cells being battery cell VIII-1. The second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of second battery cells, the second battery cells being low-temperature resistant battery cell IV-2.
[0378] As a ninth example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 48V low-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of first battery cells, the first battery cells being battery cell VIII-2. The second battery pack includes a high-voltage battery module, which includes a plurality of second battery cells, the second battery cells being fast-charging battery cell II-1.
[0379] As a tenth example, a battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a 48V low-voltage battery module, and the second battery pack includes a first high-voltage submodule and a second high-voltage submodule. The first high-voltage submodule includes multiple battery cells, which are fast-charging battery cells II-2. The first high-voltage submodule also includes multiple battery cells, which are high-energy-density battery cells I-1. The 48V low-voltage battery module includes multiple first battery cells, which are battery cells VIII-3.
[0380] In the battery systems described above, the first battery pack with the first battery cell and the second battery pack with the second battery cell can be enabled by a voltage conversion circuit to allow at least one of the first and second battery packs to charge the other, and / or to independently supply voltage to the load to achieve redundancy. This allows the battery system provided in this application to have excellent range performance in multiple application scenarios. The battery systems and capacities of the examples 1-10 above are shown in Table 1.
[0381] Table 1
[0382] In Table 1:
[0383] NCM represents lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cathode material, LFP represents lithium iron phosphate, LMFP represents lithium manganese iron phosphate; Na-electrode represents battery system with sodium ions as active ions; AFB represents battery system without a negative electrode.
[0384] It is important to note that:
[0385] In Examples 1-9, the 12V low-voltage battery module includes multiple first battery cells, and the maximum discharge rate of the battery cell is 8C, and the ratio of power to rated capacity at 25°C and 50% SOC is 10W / Wh.
[0386] In Example 10, the 48V low-voltage battery module includes multiple first battery cells, and the maximum discharge rate is 10C, the power-to-rated capacity ratio at 25°C and 50% SOC is 12W / Wh.
[0387] Table 1: The battery cells used in Examples 1-10, their preparation methods and performance testing methods, please refer to the relevant content of the instruction manual on the preparation methods and performance testing methods of the battery cells.
[0388] Based on the selection of the first and second battery cell types in the battery pack, the electrical architecture of the battery system and the control strategies for the first and second battery packs are described below.
[0389] In some embodiments, a second battery pack is used to connect to a first load and provide a first voltage to the first load; a voltage conversion circuit 230 is connected to the first battery pack, and the first battery pack is used to provide the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0390] In some embodiments, a second battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the second battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to a second load; a first battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a first voltage to the first load; and a first battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load.
[0391] In some embodiments, the second battery pack is used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the second battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load; and the first battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a first voltage to the first load.
[0392] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack for controlling the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to access the power supply circuit.
[0393] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes: a first switch connected to the first battery pack for controlling the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit; and a second switch connected to the second battery pack for controlling the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.
[0394] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0395] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a third switch connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, for controlling the on / off state of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.
[0396] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.
[0397] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch; the fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series; the fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.
[0398] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a voltage conversion circuit, through which the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack.
[0399] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, for controlling the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0400] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; the first voltage conversion device is connected to a first battery pack and a second battery pack respectively; the first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.
[0401] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a controller connected to a voltage conversion circuit, which, when the battery system is being charged, controls the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0402] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state; wherein the first preset state includes at least one of the following states:
[0403] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;
[0404] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;
[0405] (3) The voltage of any single cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.
[0406] In some embodiments, the controller is also configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to step down the voltage output by the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack when the state of charge of the first battery pack is less than or equal to 50% SOC.
[0407] In some embodiments, the controller is also configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to step down the voltage output by the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack when the state of charge of the first battery pack is less than or equal to 80% SOC.
[0408] This application embodiment provides a battery system for supplying power to a first load and a second load, the battery system comprising:
[0409] At least two battery packs, wherein at least two battery packs respectively provide a first voltage to a first load through a first power supply circuit, and at least two battery packs respectively provide a second voltage to a second load through a second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage;
[0410] At least one of the first power supply circuit and the second power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit; the voltage conversion circuit is used to convert the input voltage into a first voltage or a second voltage.
[0411] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a first power supply circuit can be used to provide a first voltage to a first load, and a second power supply circuit can be used to provide a second voltage to a second load. At least two battery packs can each provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit. If one battery pack malfunctions, at least one other battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, improving the power supply stability of the first load and reducing safety hazards caused by power failure. Conversely, at least two battery packs can each provide the second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit. If one battery pack malfunctions, at least one other battery pack can provide power to the second load through the second power supply circuit, improving the power supply stability of the second load and reducing safety hazards caused by power failure. This ensures that both the first and second loads have at least two power supply circuits. Furthermore, at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power to both the first and second loads simultaneously, thus improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.
[0412] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include a first battery pack and a second battery pack;
[0413] The second battery pack and the first battery pack are respectively used to provide a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit and to provide a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.
[0414] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the connection between the first battery pack and the second battery pack is controlled by a switching circuit. The first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively provide a first voltage to the first load through a first power supply circuit, and the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively provide a second voltage to the second load through a second power supply circuit. In the event of an anomaly in one of the battery packs, the other normal battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the first load and reduce safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load. On the other hand, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can respectively provide the second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit. In the event of an anomaly in one of the battery packs, the other normal battery pack can provide power to the second load through the second power supply circuit, which can improve the power supply stability of the second load and reduce safety hazards caused by power failure of the second load. This ensures that both the first load and the second load can be powered by at least two power supply circuits, and at least one power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, which can provide redundant power supply to both the first load and the second load simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.
[0415] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;
[0416] The second battery pack is used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load, and the first battery pack is used to connect to the second load to output a second voltage to the second load;
[0417] The second battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device;
[0418] The first battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the first voltage conversion device.
[0419] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load via a first voltage conversion device, and the second battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load via the first voltage conversion device. The first side of the first voltage conversion device is connected to the second battery pack, which can convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack into a second voltage and output it to the first battery pack or the second load from its second side. The second side of the first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack, which can convert the second voltage provided by the first battery pack into a first voltage and output it to the second battery pack or the first load from its first side. In this way, in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack, the first battery pack can provide a first voltage to the first load through the first voltage conversion device, and in the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack, the second battery pack can provide a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device. This improves the power supply stability of the first load and the second load, reduces the safety hazards caused by power failure of the first load or the second load, and is conducive to improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.
[0420] In some embodiments, the second battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load, and the first battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load;
[0421] The second battery pack is connected to the first voltage conversion device and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the first voltage conversion device;
[0422] The first battery pack is connected to the second voltage conversion device for outputting a first voltage to the first load via the second voltage conversion device.
[0423] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load via a first power supply circuit, and the first battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load via a second power supply circuit. A first side of the first voltage converter is connected to the second battery pack, and a second side of the first voltage converter is connected to the first battery pack and / or the second load. The first voltage converter can convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack into a second voltage and output it from its second side to the first battery pack or the second load. Similarly, a second voltage converter can convert the second voltage provided by the first battery pack into a first voltage and output it from its second side to the second battery pack or the first load. Thus, in the event of a malfunction in the second battery pack, the first battery pack can provide a first voltage to the first load via the second voltage converter; conversely, in the event of a malfunction in the first battery pack, the second battery pack can provide a second voltage to the second load via the first voltage converter. This improves the power supply stability of the first and second loads, reduces safety hazards caused by power failures of either the first or second load, and is beneficial for improving the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.
[0424] In some embodiments, the second battery pack and the first battery pack are used to provide a first voltage and a second voltage to the first load and the second load, respectively.
[0425] At least some of the battery cells in the second battery pack and / or at least some of the battery cells in the first battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0426] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, at least some battery cells in the second battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit, and some battery cells in the first battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack, some normal battery cells in the second battery pack or some normal battery cells in the first battery pack can be selected to provide a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the second load, reducing the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the second load, and helping to improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.
[0427] In some embodiments, the second battery pack is used to provide a first voltage to the first load, and the first battery pack is used to provide a second voltage to the second load; at least a portion of the individual cells of the first battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for providing the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit;
[0428] and / or
[0429] At least some of the individual cells of the second battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit for providing a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0430] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the second battery pack can output a first voltage to the first load, and the first battery pack provides a second voltage to the second load. Some individual battery cells within the first battery pack can provide the first voltage to the first load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack, the first voltage can be provided to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit, either by selecting the second battery pack or at least some of the normal battery cells within the first battery pack, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the first load. Alternatively, at least some of the battery cells within the second battery pack can output a second voltage to the second load through a voltage conversion circuit. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack, the second voltage can be provided to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the second load. This reduces safety hazards caused by power failure of the first or second load and helps improve the stable operation of the vehicle's internal electronic control system and drive system.
[0431] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch connected to the at least two battery packs, the fourth switch being used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected in parallel to the power supply circuit.
[0432] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the positive bus via a fourth switch, or the negative terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the negative bus via a fourth switch. The controller can control the connection status of the battery packs with the positive and negative bus by controlling the switching state of the fourth switch. In this way, the number of battery packs connected to the power supply circuit can be adjusted according to the needs of the power consumption scenario, which significantly improves the battery life. Furthermore, if one of the battery packs malfunctions, another battery pack can be selected to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.
[0433] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs; where n is a positive integer greater than 2 and m is a positive integer;
[0434] At least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit;
[0435] At least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit;
[0436] The m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit.
[0437] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the battery system may include n third battery packs and m fourth battery packs. At least two of the n third battery packs output a first voltage to the first load through the first power supply circuit; at least one of the n third battery packs outputs a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit; and the m fourth battery packs provide a second voltage to the second load through the second power supply circuit. By setting multiple power supply circuits to supply power to the first and second loads, if one power supply circuit fails, other power supply circuits can be selected to supply power, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.
[0438] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0439] A third power supply circuit is connected to at least two of the battery packs, and the at least two battery packs charge and discharge each other through the third power supply circuit.
[0440] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, one battery pack in the battery system can charge other battery packs through a third power supply circuit, and other battery packs can also charge the battery pack through the third power supply circuit. This can achieve power balance among multiple battery packs, or select one battery pack as the main battery to supply power to an external load, and other battery packs as backup batteries. When the main battery has low power, the backup batteries can replenish the main battery, thereby improving the battery system's endurance and power supply stability.
[0441] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs include a fifth battery pack and a sixth battery pack;
[0442] The fifth battery pack and the sixth battery pack are connected to the third power supply circuit. The fifth battery pack is used to charge the sixth battery pack through the third power supply circuit, or the sixth battery pack is used to charge the fifth battery pack through the third power supply circuit.
[0443] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the fifth battery pack can charge the sixth battery pack through the third power supply circuit, and the sixth battery pack can also charge the fifth battery pack through the third power supply circuit. In the battery system, either the fifth or sixth battery pack can be selected as the main battery to supply power to the external load, and the other battery pack can be used as a backup battery. When the main battery has a low charge, the backup battery can replenish the main battery, thereby improving the battery system's range and power supply stability.
[0444] In some embodiments, the third power supply circuit includes a voltage conversion circuit, the fifth battery pack and the sixth battery pack are connected to the voltage conversion circuit, the fifth battery pack is used to charge the sixth battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack is used to charge the fifth battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0445] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the output voltage of the fifth battery pack is different from that of the sixth battery pack. The fifth battery pack can charge the sixth battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit, and the sixth battery pack can also charge the fifth battery pack through a voltage conversion circuit. In the battery system, either the fifth or sixth battery pack can be selected as the main battery to supply power to the external load, while the other battery pack serves as a backup battery. When the main battery's charge is low, the backup battery replenishes the main battery's power, thereby improving the battery system's range and power supply stability.
[0446] In some embodiments, the at least two battery packs are connected in parallel, and the battery system further includes:
[0447] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control at least one of the battery packs to be connected to the power supply circuit.
[0448] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminals of at least two battery packs are connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. The connection state between the battery packs and the positive and negative bus is controlled by the switching circuit. In this way, the number of battery packs connected to the power supply circuit can be adjusted according to the needs of the power consumption scenario, which significantly improves the power supply capacity of the battery system. In addition, if one battery pack malfunctions, another battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.
[0449] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0450] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.
[0451] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminal of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack is connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminal of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack is connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. The connection state of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack with the positive bus and the negative bus is controlled by the switching circuit. In this way, the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack can be selected to be connected to the power supply circuit, which significantly improves the power supply capacity of the battery system. In addition, if one of the battery packs is abnormal, the other battery pack can be selected to be connected to the power supply circuit to supply power to the outside, thereby improving the power supply stability of the battery system.
[0452] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes;
[0453] A first switch, connected to the first battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit;
[0454] The second switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.
[0455] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the positive terminals of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack are connected to the positive bus via a switching circuit, and the negative terminals of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack are connected to the negative bus via a switching circuit. A first switch, connected in series with the first battery pack, can control its connection to the positive and negative bus. A second switch, connected in series with the second battery pack, can also control its connection to the positive and negative bus. Thus, by controlling the switching states of the first and second switches, the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit, significantly improving the power supply capacity of the battery system. Furthermore, if one battery pack malfunctions, the other battery pack can be selected to connect to the power supply circuit to provide external power, improving the power supply stability of the battery system.
[0456] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0457] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control the at least two battery packs in series.
[0458] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the switching circuit to make at least two battery packs connected in series, so as to select the corresponding battery packs to be connected in series according to the power consumption or voltage consumption of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.
[0459] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is further configured to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0460] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series by controlling the switching circuit, so as to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series according to the power consumption or voltage consumption of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.
[0461] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes:
[0462] The third switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.
[0463] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the third switch is connected between the first battery pack and the second battery pack, so that the third switch can be controlled to connect the first battery pack and the second battery pack in series according to the power or voltage of the load, thereby achieving high power or high voltage output.
[0464] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0465] A switching circuit, connected to the at least two battery packs, is used to control the at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.
[0466] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the switching circuit can control at least two battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel, so as to realize the flexible use of the battery system and the flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform.
[0467] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0468] A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.
[0469] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the switching circuit can control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel, so as to realize the flexible use of the battery system and the flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform.
[0470] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch;
[0471] The fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0472] The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.
[0473] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller can control the switching state of the fourth switch to connect at least two battery packs in series. This allows the controller to select the appropriate battery pack to be connected in series based on the load's power consumption or voltage. Under the same power demand, outputting higher voltage through series-connected battery packs reduces output current, decreases conductor cross-sectional area requirements and line transmission losses, and improves battery system efficiency. The controller can also control the switching state of the fifth switch to connect at least two battery packs in parallel, significantly improving battery life. Furthermore, if one battery pack malfunctions, the controller can select the other battery pack to supply power, enhancing the stability of the battery system.
[0474] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a sixth switch, the sixth switch including at least a first contact group and a second contact group;
[0475] The first contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs connected in series;
[0476] The second contact group is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in parallel;
[0477] The sixth switch is used to control at least two of the battery packs to be connected in series or in parallel.
[0478] In the technical solution of this application embodiment, a sixth switch is provided. The sixth switch includes at least a first contact group that can control two battery packs connected in series and a second contact group that can control two battery packs connected in parallel. By setting a switch that controls the on / off of multiple circuits, the series-parallel switching of two high-voltage battery packs can be realized, thereby achieving flexible use of the battery system and flexible adjustment of the battery system voltage platform, while reducing the complexity of setting up electronic components in the system.
[0479] In some embodiments, a second battery pack is used to connect to a first load and provide a first voltage to the first load; a voltage conversion circuit is connected to the first battery pack, and the first battery pack is used to provide the first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit.
[0480] In some embodiments, a second battery pack is used to connect to a first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the second battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to a second load; a first battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a first voltage to the first load; and a first battery pack is used to connect to a second load to output a second voltage to the second load.
[0481] In some embodiments, the second battery pack is used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; the second battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a second voltage to the second load; and the first battery pack is connected to a voltage conversion circuit to output a first voltage to the first load.
[0482] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack for controlling the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to access the power supply circuit.
[0483] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes: a first switch connected to the first battery pack for controlling the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit; and a second switch connected to the second battery pack for controlling the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.
[0484] In some embodiments, the switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0485] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a third switch connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, for controlling the on / off state of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.
[0486] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a switching circuit connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.
[0487] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch; the fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series; the fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.
[0488] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a voltage conversion circuit, through which the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack.
[0489] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0490] A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
[0491] In some embodiments, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device;
[0492] The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively;
[0493] The first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.
[0494] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes:
[0495] A controller, connected to the voltage conversion circuit, controls the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the battery system is being charged.
[0496] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state;
[0497] The first preset state includes at least one of the following states:
[0498] (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold;
[0499] (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold;
[0500] (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.
[0501] In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to step down the voltage output by the second battery pack when the state of charge (SOC) of the first battery pack is less than or equal to 80%, in order to charge the first battery pack. In the technical solution of this application embodiment, the controller is used to control the second battery pack to charge and discharge with the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit, so that the remaining charge of the first battery pack is within a preset range. During the use of the battery system, the mutual charging and discharging of the first and second battery packs maintains the remaining charge (i.e., SOC) of the first battery pack within a certain range, for example, 20%-80%, thereby extending the service life of the first battery pack 400.
[0502] Based on the selection of the types of the first and second battery cells in the aforementioned battery pack, the electrical architecture of the battery system, and the control strategies for the first and second battery packs, this application also optimizes the arrangement of key components in the battery system, including battery cells, controllers, splitting mechanisms, pressure relief mechanisms, and terminals, based on the characteristics of the first and second battery packs.
[0503] In this application, the battery system 1100 includes a housing 100, which may include a first housing 110 and a second housing 120. The first housing 110 and the second housing 120 are fastened together to form a closed space inside the housing 100 to house the battery pack 1001. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first housing 110 may be a top cover or a bottom plate.
[0504] As an example, the housing 100 may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and the bottom plate are respectively connected to the frame, so that the interior of the housing 100 forms an enclosed space to accommodate the battery pack 1001.
[0505] In some embodiments, the housing 100 may be part of the chassis structure of the vehicle 1000. For example, a portion of the housing 100 may be at least a portion of the floor of the vehicle 1000, or a portion of the housing 100 may be at least a portion of the crossbeams and longitudinal beams of the vehicle 1000.
[0506] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 may refer to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. The energy storage device may include an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, etc.
[0507] In some embodiments, the battery cell 1002 can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell 1002 that can be used again after being discharged by recharging to activate the active materials.
[0508] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, in some embodiments, the battery system 1100 is used to supply power to the load 900. The battery system 1100 includes a housing 100, a first battery pack 400, and a second battery pack 300. The housing 100 has an output interface 700 for connecting to the power supply circuit of the load 900. The first battery pack 400 is located inside the housing 100 and includes a plurality of first battery cells 310. The plurality of first battery cells 310 are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal 320. The second battery pack 300 is located inside the housing 100 and includes a plurality of second battery cells 410. The plurality of second battery cells 410 are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal 420. The first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the output interface 700. Both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to be able to connect and disconnect from the load 900.
[0509] In some examples, the first battery pack 400 includes one or more battery packs 1001 as described above, and the second battery pack 300 includes one or more battery packs 1001 as described above. The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 may include different battery packs 1001. The first battery cell 310 may refer to the battery cell 1002 in the first battery pack 400, and the second battery cell 410 may refer to the battery cell 1002 in the second battery pack 300.
[0510] The multiple first battery cells 310 can be connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed manner to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load 900. In this way, multiple smaller first battery cells 310 are combined into a first battery pack 400 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system 1100.
[0511] In some examples, the first battery cell 310 and the second battery cell 410 may be of the same type of battery cell 1002 or of different types of battery cells 1002.
[0512] As an example, the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can also be connected to form a battery module, with some battery cells 1002 in the battery module forming the first battery pack 400 and other battery cells 1002 in the battery module forming the second battery pack 300.
[0513] The first main terminal 320 is a common connection point formed by the interconnection of multiple first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 400. It is used to connect the first battery pack 400 to the output interface 700 to realize the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The positive interface 1003 and the negative interface 1004 of the first battery pack 400 form the first main terminal 320. The positive interface 1003 and the second negative interface 1004 of the first battery pack 400 can be electrically connected to the output interface 700 through wires, terminals, or other components to supply power to the load 900.
[0514] In some examples, the busbar connects multiple first battery cells 310 together to form a unified output terminal, which is the first total output terminal. As an example, the busbar can be a busbar structure, a strip-shaped structure made of a metal with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. It can connect the electrode terminals of multiple first battery cells 310 together to form a unified output terminal. Busbars can effectively reduce resistance, decrease power loss, and facilitate installation and maintenance.
[0515] The multiple second battery cells 410 can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load 900. In this way, multiple smaller second battery cells 410 are combined into a second battery pack 300 with certain performance, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system 1100.
[0516] The second main terminal 420 is a common connection point formed by the interconnection of multiple second battery cells 410 in the second battery pack 300. It is used to connect the second battery pack 300 to the output interface 700 to realize the transmission and distribution of electrical energy. The positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 300 form the second main terminal 420. The positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 300 can be electrically connected to the output interface 700 through wires, terminals, or other components to supply power to the load 900.
[0517] In some examples, the busbar connects multiple second battery cells 410 together to form a unified output terminal, which is the second total output terminal. As an example, the busbar can be a busbar structure, a strip-shaped structure made of a metal with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. It can connect the electrode terminals of multiple second battery cells 410 together to form a unified output terminal. Busbars effectively reduce resistance, minimize power loss, and facilitate installation and maintenance.
[0518] The power supply circuit of load 900 can refer to the power supply circuit of load 900. The output interface 700 is connected to the power supply circuit of load 900, and the battery system 1100 can supply power to load 900.
[0519] The output interface 700 can refer to the electrical connection interface provided on the housing 100. The output interface 700 is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the output interface 700 is connected to the power supply circuit of the load 900, so that the electrical energy of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can be output to the load 900 to power the load 900. The output interface 700 is also a connection bridge between the battery system 1100 and the load 900, and has the function of realizing electrical energy transmission.
[0520] In some examples, the output interface 700 may include one or more connectors, and the number of loads 900 may be one or more. Multiple loads 900 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 through a single connector, or multiple loads 900 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 through multiple connectors. Connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc. Loads 900 may be, but are not limited to, motors, air conditioners, compressors, batteries, etc.
[0521] Both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to connect and disconnect from the load 900. This means that when the first main terminal 320 is connected to the load 900, the first battery pack 400 can supply power to the load 900; when the first main terminal 320 is disconnected from the load 900, the first battery pack 400 and the load 900 are in an open circuit state, and the first battery pack 400 cannot supply power to the load 900. Similarly, when the second main terminal 420 is connected to the load 900, the second battery pack 300 can supply power to the load 900; when the second main terminal 420 is disconnected from the load 900, the second battery pack 300 and the load 900 are in an open circuit state, and the second battery pack 300 cannot supply power to the load 900.
[0522] In some examples, the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900 can be achieved by a switch, and the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900 can also be achieved by a switch.
[0523] As an example, referring to Figure 4, the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 400 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the load 900, respectively. At least one of the circuits connecting the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 400 and the positive terminal 1003 of the load 900 and the circuits connecting the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 400 and the negative terminal 1004 of the load 900 is provided with an on / off switch K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900. The positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 300 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and negative terminal 1004 of the load 900, respectively. At least one of the circuits connecting the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 300 and the positive terminal 1003 of the load 900 and the circuits connecting the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 300 and the negative terminal 1004 of the load 900 is provided with an on / off switch K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900.
[0524] In some embodiments, referring to FIG4a), the on / off switch K1 may be disposed between the output interface 700 and the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420.
[0525] In some embodiments, referring to FIG4b), the on / off switch K1 may also be disposed between the output interface 700 and the load 900; it is understood that in some embodiments, a portion of the on / off switch K1 is disposed between the output interface 700 and the first main terminal 320 and / or the second main terminal 420, and another portion is disposed between the output interface 700 and the load 900.
[0526] In some examples, referring to Figure 5, the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the load 900. The parallel branch of the first battery pack 400 is provided with one or more on / off switches K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the load 900. The parallel branch of the second battery pack 300 is provided with one or more on / off switches K1 to control the connection and disconnection between the second main terminal 420 and the load 900.
[0527] As an example, referring to Figure 6c), the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series and electrically connected to the load 900. A switch K1 is connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 400 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 400 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 300 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 300 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. This controls the series and parallel connection of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300, as well as the individual power supply of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300.
[0528] As an example, referring to Figure 6d), the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series and electrically connected to the load 900. A switch K1 is connected between the positive terminal 1003 of the first battery pack 400 and the positive terminal 1003 of the output terminal 700. A switch K1 is also connected between the negative terminal 1004 of the second battery pack 300 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700. The negative terminal 1004 of the first battery pack 400 and the positive terminal 1003 of the second battery pack 300 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 1003 and the negative terminal 1004 of the output terminal 700 respectively through a single-pole double-throw switch K5, thereby controlling the series and parallel connection of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300, as well as the individual power supply of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300.
[0529] In this embodiment of the battery system 1100, during use, both the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can supply power to the load 900 through the output interface 700. Furthermore, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are configured to connect and disconnect from the load 900. When the first battery pack 400 malfunctions, the first main terminal 320 can be disconnected from the load 900, while the second main terminal 420 is connected to the load 900, switching to independent power supply from the second battery pack 300 to the load 900. Similarly, when the second battery pack 300 malfunctions, the first battery pack 400 can also independently supply power to the load 900. This ensures that if one of the first battery pack 400 or the second battery pack 300 malfunctions, the other can continue to supply power, allowing the load 900 to operate. This improves the reliability and stability of the entire battery system 1100 and solves the problem that the device cannot continue to be used when one battery pack 1001 malfunctions.
[0530] In some embodiments, the load 900 includes a first load 910, the output interface 700 includes a first output interface 710 for connecting the power supply circuit of the first load 910, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first output interface 710, and the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are both able to provide a first voltage to the first load 910, the first voltage range being greater than or equal to 150V.
[0531] The first load 910 can refer to a load 900 whose supply voltage is the first voltage; the first voltage is greater than or equal to 150V, and the first voltage can be any value above 150V; for example, the first voltage can be, but is not limited to, 150V, 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 1000V, and 1500V.
[0532] As an example, in vehicle 1000, load 900 is divided into high-voltage load and low-voltage load. The high-voltage load may include at least one of the vehicle 1000's front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system can be used to drive the front wheels of vehicle 1000 forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system can be used to drive the rear wheels of vehicle 1000 forward, backward, and steer. The low-voltage load includes the vehicle 1000's electronic control system, onboard refrigerator, onboard air conditioner, and 12V / 48V battery. The low-voltage load can be referred to as the second load 920, and the supply voltage of the second load 920 is the second voltage.
[0533] The power supply circuit of the first load 910 can refer to the power supply circuit of the first load 910. The first output interface 710 is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910. The battery system 1100 can supply power to the first load 910.
[0534] The first output interface 710 may refer to the interface in the output interface 700 used for electrical connection with the first load 910. The first output interface 710 is electrically connected to the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the first output interface 710 is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load 910, so that both the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can output to the first load 910 to provide a first voltage.
[0535] In some examples, the first output interface 710 may include one or more connectors, and the number of first loads 910 may be one or more. Multiple first loads 910 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 via a single connector, or multiple first loads 910 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 via multiple connectors. The connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc.
[0536] Both the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910. It can be understood that when the first main terminal 320 is connected to the first load 910, the first battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910, and the first load 910 can operate; when the second main terminal 420 is connected to the second load 920, the second battery pack 300 can provide a first voltage to the second load 920, and the second load 920 can operate.
[0537] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, both the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can provide the first voltage to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. When one of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 malfunctions, the other can provide the first voltage to the first load 910, improving the reliability and stability of the battery system 1100, enabling the first load 910 to continue to operate stably, and reducing the downtime of the electrical device caused by the malfunction of the battery system 1100.
[0538] In some embodiments, referring to FIG7, the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 provide a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first power supply circuit 240, and the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second power supply circuit 250.
[0539] In some embodiments, referring to FIG8, the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the first load 910 via a switching circuit 210, which is configured to enable at least one of the following power supply modes:
[0540] Power supply mode 1: Switching between power supply state (1) and power supply state (2);
[0541] Power supply mode 2: Switch from power supply state (3) to power supply state (4);
[0542] Power supply mode 3: Switch from power supply state (3) to power supply state (5);
[0543] Power supply status (1): The first battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 300 is disconnected from the first load 910;
[0544] Power supply state (2): The second battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 400 is disconnected from the first load 910;
[0545] Power supply status (3): The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series to supply power to the first load 910;
[0546] Power supply status (4): Disconnect the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 from the series connection, and connect the first battery pack 400 and the first load 910.
[0547] Power supply status (5): Disconnect the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 from the series connection, and connect the second battery pack 300 and the first load 910.
[0548] The switching circuit 210 can refer to a module used to control the connection and disconnection between the first main terminal 320 and the first load 910, and between the second main terminal 420 and the first load 910. Through the control of the switching circuit 210, the connection and disconnection between the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 and the first load 910 can be achieved, thereby enabling multiple power supply modes.
[0549] Power supply state (1): The first battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910 through the voltage conversion circuit, and the second battery pack 300 is disconnected from the first load 910. When the second battery pack 300 malfunctions, needs maintenance, or has low power, it can be switched to this state, and the first load 910 can be powered by the first battery pack 400 and can continue to operate.
[0550] Power supply state (2): The second battery pack 300 supplies power to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 400 is disconnected from the first load 910. Similar to power supply state (1), this power supply state can be used as normal power supply. At this time, the first battery pack 400 serves as a backup power source, or the first battery pack 400 replenishes power for the second battery pack 300.
[0551] Power supply state (3): The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series to supply power to the first load 910. When connected in series, the total voltage of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 will increase, which can provide a higher voltage to the first load 910.
[0552] Power supply state (4): The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are disconnected from each other in series, and the first battery pack 400 and the first load 910 are connected through a voltage conversion circuit. When the second battery pack 300 malfunctions, needs maintenance, or has low power, it can be switched to this state, and the first load 910 can be powered by the first battery pack 400 and the first load 910 can continue to operate.
[0553] Power supply state (5): The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are disconnected from each other in series, and the second battery pack 300 and the first load 910 are connected. The first load 910 can be powered by the second battery pack 300 and can continue to operate; this power supply state can be used as normal power supply, at which time the first battery pack 400 is used as a backup power source, or the first battery pack 400 provides supplementary power to the second battery pack 300.
[0554] Power supply mode 1: It realizes the mutual switching between power supply state (1) and power supply state (2), that is, it can flexibly switch between the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 supplying power independently. In this way, when one of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 cannot work properly, the other can continue to supply power to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.
[0555] Power supply mode 2-3: Switching from the series power supply state of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 to individual power supply of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 respectively. In this way, when either the first battery pack 400 or the second battery pack 300 is abnormal, the series power supply state can be disconnected and switched to power supply only by the normal battery pack 1001, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. In addition, the power supply mode can be adjusted according to the voltage and current requirements of the first load 910.
[0556] In some examples, the switching circuit 210 may adopt the structure of the on / off switch K1 described above, as well as the structure of the on / off switch K1 and the single-pole double-throw switch K5.
[0557] In some examples, as shown in Figure 8, the switching circuit 210 includes a first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and a second single-pole double-throw switch K3, which are disposed between the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300.
[0558] Referring to Example a) in Figure 8, the contact 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the contact 5 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3 are connected. By controlling the connection of contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and contacts 1 and 5 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3, the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can be connected in series, and an 800V voltage can be provided by the first output interface 710.
[0559] Referring to Example b) in Figure 8, in the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 400, by controlling the disconnection between contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the connection between contacts 1 and 2 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K3, the second battery pack 300 can provide a voltage of 400V to the first output interface 710.
[0560] As shown in Example c) of Figure 8, in the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 300, by controlling the disconnection between contacts 3 and 6 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2, and connecting contacts 3 and 4 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K2, the first battery pack 400 can provide a voltage of 400V to the first output interface 710 after being boosted by the voltage conversion circuit.
[0561] In some embodiments, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the first load 910 via a first voltage converter 231, which is used to convert the voltage of the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage.
[0562] The voltage at the first main terminal 320 is the voltage output by the second battery pack 300. The voltage at the second main terminal 420 is the voltage output by the first battery pack 400.
[0563] The first voltage converter 231 is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 differs from the first voltage required by the first load 910, the first voltage converter 231 is needed to achieve voltage matching. That is, if the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 to the corresponding main terminal is lower than the first voltage of the first load 910, the first voltage converter 231 can perform a boost operation. The first voltage converter 231 can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.
[0564] In some examples, the first battery pack 400 is electrically connected to the first load 910 via a first voltage converter 231, which converts the voltage of the first battery pack 400 into a first voltage. The voltage of the first battery pack 400 is not directly supplied to the first load 910, but is converted by the intermediate first voltage converter 231 before being supplied to the first load 910. This way, regardless of the output voltage of the first battery pack 300, the first voltage converter 231 can convert it to the first voltage required by the first load 910, enabling the first load 910 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery system 1100. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, the first load 910 is protected from damage caused by excessively high or low voltages, extending its lifespan. Thus, regardless of whether the first battery pack 400 outputs multiple voltages, it can serve as a backup power source for the second battery pack 300, thereby forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910.
[0565] In some examples, the second battery pack 300 is electrically connected to the second load 920 via a second voltage converter 232, which converts the voltage of the second battery pack 300 into a second voltage. The voltage of the second battery pack 300 is not directly supplied to the second load 920, but is stepped down by the intermediate second voltage converter 232 before being supplied to the second load 920. This way, regardless of the voltage of the second battery pack 300, the second voltage converter 232 can convert it to the second voltage required by the second load 920, enabling the second load 920 to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery system 1100.
[0566] In some embodiments, the first voltage conversion device 231 is a unidirectional voltage conversion module.
[0567] A unidirectional voltage conversion module can refer to a module that can only perform voltage conversion in one direction.
[0568] As an example, if the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 is lower than the first voltage, the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 can be boosted to the first voltage by a unidirectional voltage conversion module.
[0569] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only perform unidirectional conversion, which can reduce the risk of reverse voltage flow and reduce damage to the first battery pack 400, the second battery pack 300, and the first load 910. For example, when the first battery pack 400 supplies power to the first load 910, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only ensure that electrical energy flows stably from the first battery pack 400 to the first load 910, and will not allow electrical energy to flow back to the first battery pack 400, thus affecting the performance and lifespan of the first battery pack 400.
[0570] In some embodiments, referring to FIG10, a first voltage is provided to the first load 910 through the second battery pack 300; the first battery pack 400 provides the first voltage to the first load 910 through the second voltage conversion device 232.
[0571] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the second battery pack 300 can directly supply power to the first load 910 without going through a voltage conversion circuit, and the first battery pack 400 can supply power to the first load 910 after being boosted by the second voltage conversion device 232. In use, the second battery pack 300 can be used as the main power source, and the first battery pack 400 can be used as a backup power source. In the event of a problem with the main power source, the backup power source can be temporarily used to supply power to the first load 910, so that the first load 910 can continue to operate.
[0572] In some embodiments, the second voltage conversion device 232 may be a unidirectional voltage conversion module or a bidirectional voltage conversion device. The second voltage conversion device 232 may also be a flyback, a linear regulator, or other devices.
[0573] Input interface 800 may refer to the charging interface on the housing 100.
[0574] The bidirectional voltage conversion device can convert the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 into the first voltage required by the first load 910, and can also convert the voltage output by the second battery pack 300 into the second voltage required by the second load 920.
[0575] For example, the voltage output by the second battery pack 300 is equal to the first voltage, and the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 is lower than the first voltage. The second battery pack 300 can directly provide the first voltage to the first load 910. The voltage output by the first battery pack 400 is boosted to the first voltage by a bidirectional voltage converter before being supplied to the first load 910, forming a redundant power supply system for the first load 910. The voltage output by the second battery pack 300 is stepped down to the second voltage by a bidirectional voltage converter before being supplied to the second load 920. The first battery pack 400 can directly supply the second voltage to the second load 920.
[0576] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the bidirectional voltage conversion device enables the battery system 1100 to achieve bidirectional flow of electrical energy. On the one hand, the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300 can supply power to the first load 910; on the other hand, the input interface 800 can also charge the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300 through the bidirectional voltage conversion device, thereby improving the flexibility and functionality of the battery system 1100.
[0577] In some embodiments, referring to FIG10, the load 900 includes a second load 920, the output interface 700 includes a second output interface 720 for accessing a power supply circuit of the second load 920, at least one of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, and at least one of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 is capable of providing a second voltage to the second load 920, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.
[0578] The second load 920 can refer to a load 900 whose supply voltage is the second voltage; the second voltage is less than or equal to 60V, and the second voltage can be any value above or below 60V; for example, the second voltage can be, but is not limited to, 1V, 5V, 10V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 30V, 45V, 48V, 50V, 55V, and 60V.
[0579] For example, the second load 920 is a 12V battery, and the second voltage is 12V.
[0580] For example, the second load 920 is a 48V battery, and the second voltage is 48V.
[0581] The power supply circuit of the second load 920 can refer to the power supply circuit of the second load 920. The second output interface 720 is connected to the power supply circuit of the second load 920, and the battery system 1100 can supply power to the second load 920.
[0582] The second output interface 720 may refer to the interface in the output interface 700 used for electrical connection with the second load 920. The second output interface 720 is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420, and the second output interface 720 is connected to the power supply circuit of the second load 920, so that at least one of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can provide a second voltage to the second load 920.
[0583] In some examples, the first main terminal 320 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, enabling the first battery pack 400 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920.
[0584] In some examples, the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second output interface 720, enabling the second battery pack 300 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920.
[0585] In some examples, both the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the second output interface 720, so that both the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 can provide a second voltage to the second load 920.
[0586] In some examples, the second output interface 720 may include one or more connectors, and the number of second loads 920 may be one or more. Multiple second loads 920 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 through a single connector, or multiple second loads 920 may be electrically connected to the battery system 1100 through multiple connectors. The connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc.
[0587] In some cases, electrical devices (e.g., vehicles 1000) typically have a built-in circuit that uses the battery system 1100 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920. However, this embodiment adds an additional circuit that uses the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300 to provide a second voltage to the second load 920, thus forming two power supply circuits for the second load 920 and creating a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. In this way, if the original power supply circuit of the second load 920 is damaged, the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300 can supply power to the load 900, allowing the second load 920 to continue to operate stably.
[0588] In some embodiments, at least one of the first main terminal 320 and the second main terminal 420 is electrically connected to the second load 920 via a second voltage converter 232, which is used to convert the voltage of the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage.
[0589] The second voltage converter 232 is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage. The voltage output by the second battery pack 300 may differ from the second voltage required by the second load 920, therefore the second voltage converter 232 is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the second voltage of the second load 920, the second voltage converter 232 may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the second voltage of the second load 920, it may perform a step-up operation. The second voltage converter 232 can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.
[0590] In some examples, the second battery pack 300 is electrically connected to the second load 920 via a second voltage converter 232, which converts the voltage of the second battery pack 300 into a second voltage. The second load 920 is not directly connected to the first main terminal 320, but is connected through the second voltage converter 232. When the voltage of the second battery pack 300 does not match the second voltage, the voltage output by the second battery pack 300 can be converted by the second voltage converter 232 to match the operating voltage requirements of the second load 920, enabling the second battery pack 300 to supply power to the second load 920.
[0591] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the second battery pack 300 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920, so that the second load 920 can work stably under its appropriate voltage.
[0592] In some embodiments, the second voltage conversion device 232 is a unidirectional voltage conversion module.
[0593] In some examples, a unidirectional voltage conversion module is able to step down the input voltage to a second voltage.
[0594] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 is lower than the second voltage, and the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 can be boosted to the second voltage by a unidirectional voltage conversion module.
[0595] As an example, the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 is higher than the second voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 400 can be stepped down to the second voltage by a unidirectional voltage conversion module; the same applies to the second battery pack 300.
[0596] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the unidirectional voltage conversion module can only perform unidirectional conversion, which can reduce the risk of reverse voltage flow and reduce damage to the first battery pack 400, the second battery pack 300, and the second load 920. For example, when the first battery pack 400 supplies power to the second load 920, the unidirectional conversion module can only ensure that electrical energy flows stably from the first battery pack 400 to the second load 920, and will not allow electrical energy to flow back to the first battery pack 400, thus affecting the performance and lifespan of the first battery pack 400.
[0597] In some embodiments, the second voltage converter 232 is a bidirectional voltage converter.
[0598] The bidirectional voltage converter can convert the voltage output from the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300 into a second voltage required by the second load 920. For example, when the output voltage of the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300 does not match the operating voltage of the second load 920, the bidirectional voltage converter can perform a step-down or step-up operation to make the output voltage meet the requirements of the second load 920, thus enabling the second load 920 to operate stably. Simultaneously, the bidirectional voltage converter can also convert the voltage output from the second load 920 into a charging voltage suitable for the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300, thereby charging the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300.
[0599] For example, the second load 920 is a 12V / 48V battery. The voltage output by the first battery pack 400 and the voltage output by the second battery pack 300 are higher than the second voltage. The voltage output by the first battery pack 400 and the voltage output by the second battery pack 300 are stepped down to the second voltage by a bidirectional voltage converter before being supplied to the second load 920, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. At the same time, the voltage output by the 12V / 48V battery is stepped up to the charging voltage of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 by the bidirectional voltage converter, thereby charging the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300. In addition, in the vehicle 1000, the bidirectional voltage converter can use the battery voltage to charge the capacitors in the vehicle 1000, thereby saving the pre-charge circuit (pre-charge relay + pre-charge resistor + pre-charge return line harness).
[0600] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the bidirectional voltage conversion device enables the battery system 1100 to achieve bidirectional flow of electrical energy. On the one hand, the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300 can supply power to the second load 920; on the other hand, the second load 920 can also charge the first battery pack 400 and / or the second battery pack 300 through the bidirectional voltage conversion device, thereby improving the flexibility and functionality of the battery system 1100.
[0601] In some embodiments, referring to FIG9, the housing 100 further includes an input interface 800 for connecting to a charging circuit via a power grid; a first main terminal 320 and a second main terminal 420 are electrically connected to the charging circuit via a switching circuit 210, which is configured to enable at least one of the following charging modes:
[0602] Charging mode 1: Switching between charging state (1) and charging state (2).
[0603] in,
[0604] Charging state (1): The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series to the charging circuit;
[0605] Charging state (2): Disconnect the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 from the series connection, and connect the second battery pack 300 or the first battery pack 400 to the charging circuit.
[0606] Input interface 800 is used for connecting to the power grid charging circuit. Battery system 1100 can connect to the power grid through input interface 800 to obtain electrical energy to charge battery pack 1001.
[0607] The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are electrically connected to the charging circuit via a switching circuit 210. The switching circuit 210 can control the on / off connection between the first battery pack 400, the second battery pack 300 and the charging circuit, thereby controlling the way the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected to the charging circuit, thus meeting different charging needs and improving the flexibility and efficiency of charging.
[0608] Charging mode 1: Can switch between charging state (1) and charging state (2).
[0609] Charging state (1): The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected in series in the charging circuit. During series charging, the total voltage of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 is equal to the sum of the voltages of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300, and the charging current is the same. This method is suitable for situations that require a higher charging voltage, which can effectively improve the charging speed. At the same time, it allows the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 to receive the same amount of charging power, which is beneficial to balancing the charging state of the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300.
[0610] Charging state (2): Disconnect the series connection between the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300, and then connect the second battery pack 300 or the first battery pack 400 to the charging circuit. In this state, only one of the second battery pack 300 and the first battery pack 400 is charged. This is suitable for situations where a battery pack 1001 has low power and needs to be replenished separately, or where a single battery pack 1001 needs to be charged for maintenance. This reduces some problems that may be caused by charging the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 at the same time, such as uneven charging.
[0611] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the switching circuit 210 can flexibly switch between two charging modes and three charging states, enabling the battery system 1100 to select the most suitable charging method according to factors such as the actual power status of the battery pack 1001, battery characteristics, and charging requirements, thereby improving charging efficiency, extending the service life of the battery pack 1001, and enhancing the adaptability of the battery system 1100 in different application scenarios.
[0612] In some embodiments, referring to FIG10, the second battery pack 300 is used to connect to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910, and the first battery pack 400 is used to connect to the second load 920 to output a second voltage to the second load 920; the second battery pack 300 is connected to the second voltage converter 232 to output a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage converter 232; the first battery pack 400 is connected to the first voltage converter 231 to output a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage converter 231.
[0613] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 300 can independently output a first voltage to the first load 910 via the first power supply circuit 240, and the first battery pack 400 can independently output a second voltage to the second load 920 via the second power supply circuit 250. The first side of the second voltage converter 232 is connected to the second battery pack 300, and the second side of the second voltage converter 232 is connected to the first battery pack 400 and / or the second load 920. The second voltage converter 232 can convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack 300 into a second voltage and output it from its second side to the first battery pack 400 or the second load 920. The first side of the first voltage converter 231 is connected to the first battery pack 400 and / or the second load 920, and the second side of the first voltage converter 231 is connected to the second battery pack 300 and / or the first load 910. The first voltage converter 231 can convert the second voltage provided by the first battery pack 400 into a first voltage and output it from its second side to the second battery pack 300 or the first load 910. In this way, if the second battery pack 300 malfunctions, the first battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage converter 231. If the first battery pack 400 malfunctions, the second battery pack 300 can provide the second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage converter 232. This improves the power supply stability of the first load 910 and the second load 920, reduces the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 910 or the second load 920, and is beneficial to the stability of the internal electronic control system and drive system of the vehicle 1000.
[0614] In this embodiment of the application, as shown in FIG9, the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are arranged side by side in the housing 100, the switching circuit 210 is connected between the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 and the first load 910, and the second voltage conversion device 232 is connected between the switching circuit 210 and the second load 920.
[0615] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG10, the load 900 includes a first load 910 and a second load 920. A second battery pack 300 is connected to the first load 910 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The second battery pack 300 is connected to a second voltage converter 232 to output a second voltage to the second load 920. A first battery pack 400 is connected to a first voltage converter 231 to output a first voltage to the first load 910. The first battery pack 400 is connected to the second load 920 to output a second voltage to the second load 920, wherein the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.
[0616] The second battery pack 300 has a high voltage, while the first battery pack 400 has a low voltage. The second battery pack 300 directly provides the first voltage to the first load 910, and the second battery pack 300 can also provide the second voltage to the second load 920 via the second voltage converter 232. The first battery pack 400 directly provides the second voltage to the second load 920, and the first battery pack 400 can also provide the first voltage to the first load 910 via the first voltage converter 231.
[0617] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the second battery pack 300 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910. Simultaneously, the first battery pack 400 can provide the first voltage to the first load 910 via the first voltage converter 231, achieving redundant power supply to the first load. The first battery pack 400 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920, and the second battery pack 300 can also provide the second voltage to the second load 920 via the second voltage converter 232, thus providing two circuits for the second load and forming a redundant power supply system for the second load 920. For example, the high-voltage battery pack 1001 can be used as a primary power source, and the low-voltage battery pack 1001 can be used as a backup power source.
[0618] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG11, the switching circuit 210 includes switches K11, K23, and K24. The controller can turn on switch K11 to connect the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 in series.
[0619] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, the first voltage converter 231 and the second voltage converter 232 can also be integrated into a single voltage converter, which is a bidirectional voltage converter. The voltage of the second battery pack 300 is high, and the voltage of the first battery pack 400 is low. The second battery pack 300 can directly supply power to the first load 910. The second battery pack 300 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 after being stepped down by the voltage converter. The first battery pack 400 can provide a first voltage to the first load 910 after being stepped up by the voltage converter. The second battery pack 300 can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 after being stepped down by the voltage converter. The first battery pack 400 can also charge the second battery pack 300 after being stepped up by the voltage converter, and / or, the first battery pack 400 can also charge the second battery pack 300 through the voltage converter. Of course, the first voltage converter 231 and the second voltage converter 232 can also be two separate electrical components.
[0620] In some embodiments, the first battery pack 400 directly provides a second voltage to the second load 920.
[0621] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11, by connecting the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 in series, and controlling switch K23 to be open and switch K24 to be open, the series-connected first battery pack 400 and second battery pack 300 can provide voltage to the first output interface 710 and output it to the first load 910. Simultaneously, the second battery pack 300 provides a second voltage to the second output interface 720 via a voltage converter. The controller also controls the voltage converter to convert the voltage provided by the series-connected first battery pack 400 and second battery pack 300 into the second voltage and output it to the second output interface 720. If the voltage output by the first battery pack 400 is the second voltage, connecting the first battery pack 400 to the voltage converter allows the second output interface 720 and the second voltage converter 232 to share a common ground, reducing the safety hazards caused by the second battery pack 300 and the second output interface 720 not sharing a common ground, and improving the electrical safety of the vehicle 1000.
[0622] In some embodiments, the output voltage of the second battery pack 300 is a first voltage, and the output voltage of the first battery pack 400 is a second voltage, wherein the second voltage is less than the first voltage. Referring to Figure 11, the voltage conversion device can be a bidirectional voltage conversion device. The controller can realize the energy conversion between the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 by controlling the switching states of the third switch K11, switch K23, and switch K24. Alternatively, the second battery pack 300 can provide the first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the voltage conversion device.
[0623] In this embodiment, the controller controls switches K11 and K24 to open and switch K23 to open. If the second battery pack 300 malfunctions, switch K23 can be opened, and the controller controls the voltage converter to convert the second voltage provided by the first battery pack 400 into a first voltage, which is then output to the first output interface 710 via the first power supply circuit 240. If the charge level of the first battery pack 400 is below a threshold charge level, the controller can control switch K23 to open and switches K11 and K24 to open, controlling the voltage converter to convert the first voltage provided by the second battery pack 300 into a second voltage to charge the first battery pack 400, thereby extending its service life.
[0624] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG12, the first voltage converter 231 and the second voltage converter 232 are integrated into a single voltage converter. This voltage converter can be a bidirectional voltage converter. The second battery pack 300 has a high voltage, and the first battery pack 400 has a low voltage. The second battery pack 300 provides a first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the first power supply circuit 240. The second battery pack 300 provides a second voltage to the second output interface 720 via the voltage converter and then provides the first voltage to the first output interface 710 via the same voltage converter. This provides the second voltage to the second output interface 720, thus forming dual redundancy between the first load 910 and the second load 920. The second battery pack 300 can also charge the first battery pack 400 after being boosted by the voltage converter, and / or the first battery pack 400 can also charge the second battery pack 300 via the voltage converter.
[0625] In some embodiments, the first battery pack 400 may also directly provide a second voltage to the second output interface 720.
[0626] In some embodiments, referring to FIG12, the switching circuit 210 includes a first switch K25 and a second switch K26. The first switch K25 is electrically connected between the positive terminal interface 1003 of the second battery pack 300 and the positive terminal interface 1003 of the first output interface 710. The second switch K26 is electrically connected between the voltage conversion device and the positive terminal interface 1003 of the first output interface 710. The controller can control the first switch K25 and the second switch K26 to turn on, so that the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 respectively supply power to the first output interface 710.
[0627] In some embodiments, if the second battery pack 300 malfunctions, the first switch K25 is disconnected and the second switch K26 is turned on. The first battery pack 400 can output a first voltage to the first load 910 via a voltage converter and can also provide a second voltage to the second load 920 via a voltage converter. In this way, the first load 910 can be powered by the smaller capacity first battery pack 400 to maintain the continued operation of the electrical device.
[0628] In some embodiments, the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected by a voltage conversion circuit, and the second battery pack 300 is also used by the second voltage conversion device 232 to supply power to the first battery pack 400.
[0629] The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected through the first voltage conversion device 231. The first battery pack 400 is also used to supply power to the second battery pack 300 through the first voltage conversion device 231, so that the first battery pack 400 can replenish the energy of the second battery pack 300, so that the second battery pack 300 can work for a longer time, which is beneficial to extending the overall service life of the battery system 1100, thereby better extending the driving range.
[0630] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, the first battery pack 400 is also used to charge the second battery pack 300 via the first voltage conversion device 231.
[0631] The voltage output by the first battery pack 400 can also be converted by the first voltage conversion device 231 to charge the second battery pack 300, thus enabling mutual charging between the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300.
[0632] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, the battery system 1100 further includes a switching circuit 210, through which the first battery pack 400 and the second battery 300 are connected. The switching circuit 210 is used to control the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 to be connected in series.
[0633] The first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 connected in series can provide a higher voltage to the load 900.
[0634] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 11 and 12, the battery system 1100 further includes a controller, which is further configured to control the second battery pack 300 to charge the first battery pack 400 through the second voltage conversion device 232 in a first preset state; wherein the first preset state includes at least one of the following states: (1) when the remaining power of the first battery pack 400 is lower than a power threshold; (2) when the remaining power of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 400 is lower than a first threshold; (3) when the voltage of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 400 is lower than a second threshold.
[0635] For example, the controller may be a Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS performs at least one of the following functions on the battery system 1100: state monitoring, state analysis, charge / discharge control, safety protection, thermal management, high-voltage power distribution, and information management. In addition, the BMS may also be configured to implement at least some of the functions of the controller 1200 in the electrical device, such as implementing some functions of the vehicle control unit (VCU) or the motor control unit (MCU), and this application does not impose any limitations on this.
[0636] It should be noted that the physical device of the battery management system in this application can be integrated into the battery system 1100, such as into the battery pack; it can also be integrated into the electrical device, such as into the vehicle 1000 or the chassis of the vehicle 1000; or it can be integrated into the charging device, such as into the charging device or the battery swapping device.
[0637] The battery management system in this application can also be deployed as control software on a server. The server can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, knowledge computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN (Content Delivery Network), and big data and artificial intelligence platforms, such as vehicle networking cloud, APP backend, etc.
[0638] When the remaining charge of the first battery pack 400 is lower than a set charge threshold, the first preset state is met. The charge threshold is a preset value used to measure whether the charge of the first battery pack 400 is too low. For example, when the charge threshold is set to 20%, once the remaining charge of the first battery pack 400 drops below 20%, the controller will consider that the first preset state is met, and thus trigger the corresponding charging operation.
[0639] In the first battery pack 400, if the remaining charge of any single first battery cell 310 is less than a first threshold, it is considered to be in the first preset state. This is because even if the charge of the entire battery pack 1001 may not have reached a very low level, the excessively low charge of individual first battery cells 310 may affect the performance and lifespan of the entire battery pack 1001. For example, if the first threshold is set to 15%, if the remaining charge of any first battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 400 drops below 15%, charging of the first battery pack 400 will be triggered.
[0640] When the voltage of any single battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 400 is lower than the second threshold, the first preset state is also satisfied. The voltage of the single battery cell 310 is an important indicator reflecting its charging status and performance. A voltage that is too low may mean that the single battery cell 310 has a problem or insufficient power. For example, if the second threshold is set to 3.0V, when the voltage of a single battery cell 310 in the first battery pack 400 is lower than 3.0V, the controller will activate the second battery pack 300 to charge the first battery pack 400.
[0641] In the first preset state, the controller controls the second battery pack 300 to charge the first battery pack 400 through the second voltage converter 232. This indicates that the controller has the ability to control energy transfer between battery packs 1001. The second voltage converter 232 plays a crucial role in this process, converting the voltage output by the second battery pack 300 into a voltage suitable for charging the first battery pack 400, ensuring the safety and efficiency of the charging process. In this way, energy allocation between battery packs 1001 within the battery system 1100 is achieved. When the first battery pack 400 is low on power or the first battery cell 310 is in an abnormal state, the power from the second battery pack 300 is used to supplement it, improving the reliability and stability of the entire battery system 1100 and making better use of battery resources.
[0642] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 11 and 12, the load 900 includes a first load 910, and the battery system 1100 further includes a controller. The controller is also configured to control the second battery pack 300 to charge the first battery pack 400 through the second voltage conversion device 232 and control the second battery pack 300 to provide a first voltage to the first load 910 in a second preset state. The second preset state includes the second battery pack 300 outputting a first voltage to the first load 910, and at least one of the following states: (1) when the remaining charge of the first battery pack 400 is less than 30%; (2) when the remaining charge of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 400 is less than a first threshold; (3) when the voltage of any one of the first battery cells 310 in the first battery pack 400 is less than a second threshold.
[0643] In the second preset state, the controller will perform the following two important control operations:
[0644] The second battery pack 300 charges the first battery pack 400 via the second voltage converter 232. When the first battery pack 400 experiences abnormal power or voltage, it is replenished by the power from the second battery pack 300 to maintain the power level and performance of the first battery pack 400. The second voltage converter 232 plays a crucial role in this process, converting the voltage output from the second battery pack 300 into a voltage suitable for charging the first battery pack 400, thus improving the safety and efficiency of the charging process.
[0645] The second battery pack 300 continues to provide the first voltage to the first load 910. Even if the first battery pack 400 experiences some issues with its charge or voltage, the second battery pack 300 can still supply power to the first load 910 normally. In this way, the first battery pack 400 can be replenished and its performance maintained without affecting the normal operation of the first load 910, thus improving the reliability and stability of the entire battery system 1100.
[0646] In some embodiments, the second battery pack 300 includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell; the battery system 1100 includes a thermal management component 70 and a controller, the thermal management component 70 being used to regulate the temperature of the second battery pack 300; the controller being used to control the thermal management component 70 to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack 300 to be greater than 40°C when the second battery pack 300 is in a charging state; the load 900 includes a first load 910, and the battery system 1100 is used to connect the first load 910; the first battery pack 400 and the second battery pack 300 are connected, and the second battery pack 300 is used to output a first voltage to the first load 910.
[0647] Because the second battery pack 300 uses at least one negative electrode-free battery cell, its high energy density means that it can store more electrical energy within the same volume or weight. This allows the second battery pack 300 to continuously supply power to the first load 910 for a longer period of time, or, within the same power supply time, a smaller and lighter battery pack 1001 can be used, thereby improving the portability and space utilization of the entire battery system 1100. Furthermore, when the second battery pack 300 is charging, the controller controls the thermal management component 70 to regulate the battery temperature of the second battery pack 300 to above 40°C. At this temperature, the chemical reactions inside the negative electrode-free battery cell can be more complete and efficient, helping to leverage its high energy density and improve the battery's charging and discharging efficiency.
[0648] In some embodiments, the battery system 1100 further includes a controller, the second battery pack 300 includes at least one negative electrode-free battery cell, the first battery pack 400 is connected to a first voltage conversion device 231, and the controller is used to control the first voltage conversion device 231 to charge the second battery pack 300 at a first rate when the second battery pack 300 is in a charging condition, the first rate being ≤1C.
[0649] For example, the first multiplier can be 1C or any value less than 1C, for example, 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 0.8C, 1C.
[0650] In the second battery pack 300, at least one second battery cell 410 is a negative electrode-free battery cell. The charging voltage is adjusted and converted by the first voltage conversion device 231 to meet the charging requirements of the second battery pack 300. When the second battery pack 300 is in charging mode, the controller controls the first voltage conversion device 231 to charge the second battery pack 300 at a first rate ≤ 1C. "C" represents the charge / discharge rate of the battery; 1C represents the current required to fully charge or discharge the battery in one hour. During charging, the internal chemical reactions of a negative electrode battery cell are relatively complex. Limiting the charging rate to ≤ 1C allows for a more gentle and uniform chemical reaction within the negative electrode-free battery cell, reducing polarization and side reactions of the electrode materials, thereby extending the battery's cycle life. Low-rate charging helps reduce heat generation in the battery system 1100 during charging, reducing safety risks such as thermal runaway.
[0651] By limiting the charging rate, the stability and safety of the battery system 1100 during the charging process can be better guaranteed.
[0652] In some embodiments, referring to FIG13, the capacity of the first battery pack 400 can be set to be relatively small and occupy a small space within the housing 100, serving as a backup power source. In the event of an abnormality in the second battery pack 300, the first battery pack 400 can temporarily supply power to the first load 910, allowing the electrical device to continue operating. The small space occupied by the first battery pack 400 within the housing 100 allows the second battery pack 300 to have sufficient capacity to meet the normal use of the electrical device. In addition, the small space occupied by the first battery pack 400 within the housing 100 and the arrangement of the first battery pack 400 between the second battery pack 300 and the switching circuit 210 make the second battery pack 300 less susceptible to collision damage, enabling the second battery pack 300 to stably supply power to the first load 910 and the second load 920, thereby allowing the vehicle 1000 to travel a certain distance after a collision.
[0653] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG14, the second battery pack 300 is used to provide a first voltage to the first load 910; some battery cells 1002 in the second battery pack 300 are connected to a second voltage converter 232, and are used to provide a second voltage to the second load 920 through the second voltage converter 232.
[0654] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 300 includes multiple second battery cells 410. The second battery pack 300 can independently output a first voltage to the first load 910 via the first power supply circuit 240. Some battery cells 1002 within the second battery pack 300 can independently output a second voltage to the second load 920 via the second voltage converter 232. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 400, some normal battery cells 1002 within the second battery pack 300 can be selected to provide a second voltage to the second load 920 via the second voltage converter 232, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies to the second load 920, reducing the safety hazards caused by power failure of the second load 920, and contributing to the stability of the vehicle 1000's internal electronic control system.
[0655] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG14, the second battery pack 300 is used to provide a first voltage to the first load 910; some battery cells 1002 in the second battery pack 300 or the first battery pack 400 are connected to the first voltage conversion device 231 to provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion device 231.
[0656] In this embodiment, the second battery pack 300 can independently output a first voltage to the first load 910. Some battery cells 1002 in the second battery pack 300 or the first battery pack 400 can independently output a first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion device 231. In the event of an abnormality in the first battery pack 400, the second battery pack 300 is selected to provide the first voltage to the first load 910, or some normal battery cells 1002 in the first battery pack 400 provide the first voltage to the first load 910 through the first voltage conversion device 231, thereby providing multiple redundant power supplies for the first load 910.
[0657] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG15, the battery system 1100 includes at least two second battery packs 300 and at least one first battery pack 400. The first battery pack 400 is connected to a main positive relay K43 and a main negative relay K41 via a third voltage converter 280. The controller can control the third voltage converter 280 to convert the voltage provided by the first battery pack 400 into a first voltage, and output it to the first output interface 710 via the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to supply power to the first load 910.
[0658] In this embodiment, the two second battery packs 300 can be connected in series through switch K11, and the two second battery packs 300 can also be connected in parallel through switches K21 and K22. The two second battery packs 300 connected in parallel can convert the first voltage provided by the two second battery packs 300 into a second voltage through the second voltage converter 232, and output it to the second output interface 720 to supply power to the second load 920. The two parallel second battery packs 300 can also convert the first voltage provided by the two second battery packs 300 into a second voltage through the second voltage converter 232 and output it to the second output interface 720 to power the second load 920. The first battery pack 400 can directly provide the second voltage to the second output interface 720. If any one of the battery packs 1001 or the third voltage converter 280 malfunctions, the other battery pack 1001 can be selected to output the first voltage to the first output interface 710 through the corresponding power supply circuit to power the first load 910. In addition, the other battery pack 1001 can be selected to output the second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the corresponding power supply circuit to power the second load 920. This avoids the safety hazards caused by the power failure of the first load 910 and the second load 920. Thus, it is determined that the first load 910 and the second load 920 can both have at least two power supply circuits to power them, which is beneficial to the stability of the vehicle 1000's internal electronic control system and drive system.
[0659] In some embodiments, the working principle of the battery system 1100 in FIG15 is explained with the output voltage of the second battery pack 300 being 400V. The controller can turn on the control switch K11 and turn off the switches K21 and K22. The two second battery packs 300 are connected in series. The battery pack 1001 connected in series can output a second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the second voltage conversion device 232. It can also output an 800V supply voltage to the first output interface 710 through the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to supply power to the first load 910. If any one of the second battery pack 300, the second voltage converter 232, or the third voltage converter 280 malfunctions, or if all of them malfunction simultaneously, the normal second battery pack 300 can provide the second voltage to the second output interface 720 through the normal second voltage converter 232 to power the second load 920. Furthermore, when the second battery pack 300 connected in series with switch K22 malfunctions, the controller can control switch K21 to turn on and switches K11 and K22 to turn off. The second battery pack 300 connected in series with switch K21 will then output a 400V power supply voltage to the first output interface 710 via the main positive relay K43 and the main negative relay K41 to power the first load 910, ensuring the power supply stability of the vehicle 1000 during driving, realizing seamless power supply switching, and improving the safety of the vehicle 1000.
[0660] The application of the battery system in this embodiment is illustrated in Figure 1. The vehicle can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. A battery system is installed inside the vehicle, and the battery system can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. The battery system can be used to power the vehicle; for example, the battery system can serve as the vehicle's operating power source. The vehicle may also include a controller and a motor. The controller is used to control the battery system to supply power to the motor, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle during starting, navigation, and driving.
[0661] In some embodiments of this application, the battery system can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.
[0662] As shown in Figure 2, the battery system mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include multiple battery packs, which are used to provide voltage and capacity. Each battery pack may include multiple individual battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or a combination of both via a busbar. A combination of both can refer to a series-parallel connection.
[0663] In some embodiments, the battery pack is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.
[0664] As an example, a battery pack can be a battery module, which consists of multiple battery cells arranged and fixed together to form an independent module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.
[0665] In some embodiments, the battery system further includes a housing in which the battery pack is housed.
[0666] As an example, the battery pack can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.
[0667] As an example, battery packs can also be housed in a housing by directly fixing multiple individual battery cells to the housing.
[0668] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure and a second enclosure. The first enclosure and the second enclosure are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure may be a top cover or a bottom plate.
[0669] As an example, the enclosure may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are connected to the frame, creating an enclosed space inside the enclosure to house the battery pack.
[0670] In some embodiments, the housing may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing may be at least a part of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.
[0671] In some embodiments, the battery system refers to an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet with a door on at least one side. Energy storage devices include energy storage containers, energy storage cabinets, etc.
[0672] In some embodiments, the battery cell can be a rechargeable battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged after discharge to activate the active materials and continue to be used. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.
[0673] Referring to Figures 16 to 18, in some embodiments, the housing is provided with a battery cavity, which includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. A first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, and a second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure is capable of blocking at least a portion of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.
[0674] The enclosure contains battery chambers and partition structures. The battery chambers house individual battery cells. The partition structures are structures that divide the internal space of the enclosure; for example, they may include partition beams, partition plates, baffles, or barrier mesh. The partition structures divide the battery chambers, creating at least one first battery chamber and one second battery chamber. The first and second battery chambers can be arranged in various ways; for example, they can be arranged along the width of the enclosure.
[0675] In some examples, the first battery pack includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs, and the second battery pack includes one or more of the aforementioned battery packs. The first battery pack and the second battery pack may comprise different battery packs. The first battery cell may refer to a battery cell within the first battery pack, and the second battery cell may refer to a battery cell within the second battery pack.
[0676] Multiple individual battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. This method combines multiple smaller individual battery cells into a battery pack with specific performance characteristics, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system.
[0677] Multiple second battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof to meet the voltage, current, and capacity requirements of the load. This method combines multiple smaller second battery cells into a second battery pack with specific performance characteristics, improving the overall performance and reliability of the battery system.
[0678] In some examples, the first and second battery cells may be of the same type or different types.
[0679] As an example, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can also be connected to form a battery module, with some battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack, and other battery cells in the battery module forming the first battery pack.
[0680] When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure substances inside the cell are released as emissions. This allows for pressure relief within the cell under controlled conditions, preventing potentially more serious accidents. Emissions from the battery cell mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or broken positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of separators, high-temperature, high-pressure gases generated during the reaction, flames, etc.
[0681] The separator structure may include fully sealed and / or semi-sealed components, such that the separator structure can block at least a portion of the emissions emitted after thermal runaway of a single battery cell. For example, the separator structure can at least block particles, including dissolved or fragmented positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the separator, etc.; for example, the separator structure can also be configured to block both particles and gases.
[0682] The separation structure is located between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. If the first battery cell in the first battery cavity experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the separation structure can prevent the emissions from flowing into the second battery cavity. Similarly, if the second battery cell in the second battery cavity experiences thermal runaway and generates emissions, the separation structure can also prevent the emissions from flowing into the first battery cavity.
[0683] By adopting the above technical solution, the first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, and the second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity. A partition structure capable of blocking at least part of the emissions is provided between the first and second battery cavities. Thus, in the event of thermal runaway in either the first or second battery pack, the partition structure can prevent emissions from flowing to the other battery pack, allowing the other battery pack to function normally and provide power to the electrical device, thereby improving the operational reliability of the battery system. Simultaneously, because a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity containing the first battery cell and the second battery cavity containing the second battery cell, the risk of thermal runaway of the entire battery system caused by thermal runaway of a single battery cell can be effectively reduced, thus reducing the risk of thermal runaway propagation.
[0684] In some embodiments, the partition structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.
[0685] If the separation structure can seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, then the separation structure can completely block the emissions, including particles and gases, generated after the thermal runaway of the battery cell.
[0686] Optionally, the partition structure includes a partition beam that is sealed to the inner wall of the housing to seal and isolate the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber.
[0687] By adopting the above technical solution, the separation structure can seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, so that there is no gas flow between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The emissions generated after thermal runaway of one of the first battery cells and the second battery cells will not be discharged into the cavity space of the other, further reducing the risk of thermal runaway propagation between the first battery pack and the second battery pack and improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0688] In some embodiments, the housing includes a tray and a cover, the cover and the tray being disposed opposite each other along a first direction, the cover covering the tray; a partition structure divides the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity, the partition structure being connected to the cover and the tray respectively on opposite sides along the first direction.
[0689] The tray and lid are arranged opposite each other along a first direction (Z direction in the figure) and together enclose the receiving space of the box. The first direction is the height direction of the box. One end of the tray has an opening, and the lid covers the tray and closes the opening. Optionally, the tray includes a base plate and a frame. The base plate and the lid are arranged opposite each other along the first direction, and both ends of the frame are respectively connected to the base plate and the lid. The base plate and the frame can be an integral structure or separate structures that are fixedly connected.
[0690] The cover can be a plate or a box with one end open. When the battery system is installed in an electrical device, the cover can be a top cover located above the tray or a bottom cover located below the tray.
[0691] A partition structure is disposed within the housing and serves to divide the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity. The partition structure enables the first battery cavity to be fully or partially sealed. The partition structure is connected to a cover and a tray on opposite sides along a first direction. For example, the partition structure includes a partition beam extending along the length of the housing. The two ends of the partition beam along the first direction are connected to the cover and the tray, respectively, and the two ends of the partition beam along its extension direction are connected to the inner wall of the tray. Thus, the partition beam can divide the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity arranged along its width direction. It is understood that the partition structure can also be other structures; for example, the partition structure divides the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity arranged along its length direction, or the partition structure divides the housing into a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity arranged along the first direction.
[0692] By adopting the above technical solution, the partition structure can connect the cover and the tray, and divide the space inside the box into a first battery chamber and a second battery chamber. The partition structure also serves to isolate space and block emissions, and the structure is simple.
[0693] In some embodiments, the cover seals the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, and the housing further includes a seal, with seals provided between the partition structure and the cover, and / or between the cover and the tray.
[0694] The space inside the tray can accommodate the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the cover is sealed on the tray so that the cover can seal the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.
[0695] The enclosure also includes seals, which are structural components used for sealing. Seals can be gaskets, seals, sealing sheets, etc., and can be made of materials such as silicone, rubber, foam, or composite materials. The seals effectively seal the gap between the partition structure and the enclosure.
[0696] For example, a seal is provided between the partition structure and the cover, so that the seal can seal the gap between the partition structure and the cover. For example, if the partition structure is a partition beam fixed in the tray, and the partition structure and the tray are integrally formed, then only a seal is needed between the partition structure and the cover.
[0697] For example, a seal is provided between the partition structure and the tray, so that the seal can seal the gap between the partition structure and the tray.
[0698] In some embodiments, a seal is provided between the cover and the tray to seal the gap between the cover and the tray, thereby improving the sealing performance between the cover and the tray.
[0699] In some embodiments, the seal is an integral structure including a sealing frame and a sealing strip disposed within the sealing frame. The sealing frame is located between the cover and the tray, and the sealing strip is located on one side of the partition structure along the first direction, which not only provides a good sealing effect but also facilitates assembly. It is understood that multiple seals can also be provided separately.
[0700] By incorporating seals, the sealing effect between the partition structure and the cover and / or tray can be improved, thereby enhancing the sealing and isolation effect between the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber, reducing the risk of emissions flowing between different chambers and the risk of thermal runaway propagation.
[0701] In some embodiments, the housing has an output interface for connecting to the power supply circuit of a load; a plurality of first battery cells in the first battery pack are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal; a plurality of second battery cells in the second battery pack are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal; the housing is further provided with an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components, at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the first main terminal and the output interface, at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the second main terminal and the output interface, and the output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity.
[0702] Electrical components include parts for managing and distributing the electrical energy output and input of the battery system, and may also include electrical components for managing and monitoring the operation of the battery system.
[0703] The power supply circuit of the load can refer to the power supply circuit of the load. The output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the load, and the electrical device can supply power to the load.
[0704] The output interface can refer to the electrical connection interface on the cavity wall of the electrical cavity. The output interface can be electrically connected to the first main terminal through some or all of the electrical components. The output interface can also be electrically connected to the second main terminal through some or all of the electrical components. The output interface is electrically connected to the first and second main terminals and is connected to the power supply circuit of the load, so that the electrical energy of the first and second battery packs can be output to the load to power the load. The output interface is also a connection bridge between the battery system and the load, and has the function of realizing electrical energy transmission.
[0705] The wall of the electrical cavity is provided with a through hole, and the output interface is sealed and installed inside the through hole, and exposed outside the enclosure to facilitate the electrical connection between the output interface and the load.
[0706] In some examples, the output interface may include one or more connectors, and the number of loads may be one or more. Multiple loads may be electrically connected to the battery system through one connector, or multiple loads may be electrically connected to the battery system through multiple connectors. Connectors may be socket connectors, plug connectors, terminal block connectors, etc. Loads may include, but are not limited to, motors, air conditioners, compressors, batteries, etc.
[0707] In use, both the first and second battery packs can supply power to the load through the output interface, and both the first and second main terminals are configured to connect and disconnect from the load.
[0708] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, the output interface can be directly passed through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity, which can shorten the wiring distance.
[0709] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load, the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting a power supply circuit to the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface via the first voltage conversion device to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V.
[0710] The first load can refer to a load with a supply voltage of the first voltage; the first voltage is greater than or equal to 150V, and the first voltage can be any value above 150V; for example, the first voltage can be, but is not limited to, 150V, 200V, 250V, 300V, 350V, 400V, 500V, 600V, 700V, 800V, 1000V, and 1500V. For ease of explanation, in the embodiments of this application, the first voltage is referred to as high voltage, and the first load is referred to as high voltage load.
[0711] As an example, in a vehicle, loads are divided into high-voltage loads and low-voltage loads. High-voltage loads can include at least one of the vehicle's front-wheel drive system and rear-wheel drive system. The front-wheel drive system is used to drive the front wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer, while the rear-wheel drive system is used to drive the rear wheels of the vehicle forward, backward, and steer. Low-voltage loads include loads such as the vehicle's electronic control system, in-vehicle refrigerator, in-vehicle air conditioner, and 12V / 48V battery.
[0712] The power supply circuit of the first load can refer to the power supply circuit of the first load. The first output interface is electrically connected to the power supply circuit of the first load, and the battery system can supply power to the first load.
[0713] The first output interface can refer to the interface among the output interfaces used for electrical connection with the first load. The first output interface is electrically connected to the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the first output interface is connected to the power supply circuit of the first load, so that both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can output to provide the first voltage to the first load.
[0714] The voltage at the first main terminal is the output voltage of the first battery pack. The voltage at the second main terminal is the output voltage of the second battery pack.
[0715] The first voltage conversion device is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a first voltage. When the voltage output by the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack may differ from the first voltage required by the first load, the first voltage conversion device is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the first voltage of the first load, the first voltage conversion device may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the first voltage of the first load, it may perform a step-up operation. The first voltage conversion device can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc. The first voltage conversion device is a unidirectional voltage conversion circuit or a bidirectional voltage conversion circuit.
[0716] In some examples, the first main terminal is electrically connected to the first load via a first voltage conversion device, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal into the first voltage, enabling the first battery pack to supply power to the first load.
[0717] In some examples, the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first load via a first voltage conversion device, which converts the voltage of the second main terminal into the first voltage, enabling the second battery pack to supply power to the first load.
[0718] In some examples, both the first main terminal and the second main terminal are electrically connected to the first load via a first voltage conversion device. The first voltage conversion device is used to convert the voltage of the first main terminal and the second main terminal into the first voltage, so that both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can supply power to the first load.
[0719] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, when the voltage of the first main terminal and / or the second main terminal is not the first voltage, it can be converted into the first voltage required by the first load through the first voltage conversion device, enabling the first load to operate normally and improving the compatibility and versatility of the entire battery system. Simultaneously, by converting the voltage, damage to the first load from excessively high or low voltages is reduced, extending the service life of the first load and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the battery system. Furthermore, the first voltage conversion device and the electrical components within the electrical cavity are highly integrated, resulting in a small footprint. Placing the first voltage conversion device within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery pack thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion device.
[0720] In some embodiments, the load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting a power supply circuit to the second load; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, and at least one of the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface via the second voltage conversion device to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.
[0721] The second load can refer to a load whose supply voltage is a second voltage; the second voltage is less than or equal to 60V, and the second voltage can be any value above or below 60V; for example, the second voltage can be, but is not limited to, 1V, 5V, 10V, 12V, 24V, 28V, 30V, 45V, 48V, 50V, 55V, and 60V. For ease of explanation, in the embodiments of this application, the second voltage is referred to as low voltage, and the second load is referred to as low-voltage load.
[0722] The power supply circuit of the second load can refer to the power supply circuit of the second load. The second output interface is electrically connected to the power supply circuit of the second load, and the battery system can supply power to the second load.
[0723] The second voltage conversion device is used to convert the voltage at the corresponding main terminal into a second voltage. When the voltage output by the first and / or second battery pack may differ from the second voltage required by the second load, the second voltage conversion device is needed to achieve voltage matching. For example, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is higher than the second voltage of the second load, the second voltage conversion device may perform a step-down operation; conversely, if the voltage output from the corresponding main terminal is lower than the second voltage of the second load, it may perform a step-up operation. The second voltage conversion device can be, but is not limited to, a DC-DC converter, a linear regulator, a transformer-type voltage converter, etc.
[0724] In some examples, the first main terminal is electrically connected to the second load via a second voltage conversion device, which converts the voltage of the first main terminal into a second voltage so that the first battery pack can supply power to the second load.
[0725] In some examples, the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second load via a second voltage converter, which converts the voltage of the second main terminal into a second voltage so that the second battery pack can supply power to the second load.
[0726] In some examples, the first main terminal and the second main terminal are electrically connected to the second load via a second voltage conversion device, which converts the voltages of the first main terminal and the second main terminal into a second voltage, so that both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can supply power to the second load.
[0727] In some cases, electrical devices (e.g., vehicles) typically have a built-in battery system that provides a second voltage to a second load. This embodiment adds an additional circuit that uses a first battery pack and / or a second battery pack to provide the second voltage to the second load, creating two power supply circuits for the second load and forming a low-voltage redundant system. This ensures that if the original power supply circuit for the second load fails, the first and / or second battery packs can still supply power to the load, allowing the second load to continue operating stably. Furthermore, the second voltage conversion device and the electrical components within the electrical cavity are highly integrated, resulting in a small footprint. Placing the second voltage conversion device within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion device.
[0728] In some embodiments, the load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting to a power supply circuit of the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface via the first voltage conversion device to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage being greater than or equal to 150V; the load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting to a power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, at least one of the second main terminal and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface via the second voltage conversion device to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.
[0729] By adopting the technical solution of this embodiment, an additional circuit is added to provide a second voltage to the second load using the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack, forming a redundant power supply system for the second load. This ensures that if the original power supply circuit for the second load fails, the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack can still supply power to the load, allowing the second load to continue operating stably. Furthermore, the first and second voltage conversion devices are highly integrated with the electrical components within the electrical cavity, resulting in a small footprint. Placing both devices within the electrical cavity reduces the impact of battery pack thermal runaway on the first voltage conversion device.
[0730] In some embodiments, the housing further includes an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components. The housing includes an electrical cavity partition for sealing and isolating the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity. The electrical cavity partition has mounting holes. The battery system also includes an adapter that is sealed through the mounting holes. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least some of the electrical components in the electrical cavity.
[0731] The electrical cavity separator seals and isolates the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity, and also seals and isolates the electrical cavity from the second battery cavity. It can be understood that the electrical cavity separator may also seal and isolate one of the first and second battery cavities from the electrical cavity, while allowing the other to be connected to or partially sealed away from the electrical cavity. For example, if the thermal runaway risk of the first battery pack is higher than that of the second battery pack, then the electrical cavity separator seals and isolates the first battery cavity from the electrical cavity.
[0732] An electrical cavity partition is a partition that can provide a sealing and isolation function. Optionally, the electrical cavity partition may include structures such as partition beams, partition plates, and sealing strips.
[0733] In some embodiments, the electrical cavity and the battery cavity are located on the same layer of the housing, and the electrical cavity partition is a partition beam structure. Optionally, the first and second battery cavities are arranged along the length direction of the housing, while the electrical cavity and battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing, so that the partition structure intersects the electrical cavity partition perpendicularly. It can be understood that the structure of the electrical cavity partition can be set according to the structure and position of the electrical cavity. In other embodiments, the electrical cavity is arranged in two layers with the first and second battery cavities. Optionally, the first and second battery cavities are located on one layer, and the electrical cavity is located on another layer. In this case, the electrical cavity partition is a partition plate.
[0734] The adapter is a conductive connecting element. The electrical cavity partition has a through-hole mounting hole, and the adapter is sealed through this hole. Optionally, the adapter has a sealing component, which seals the gap between the mounting hole and the adapter.
[0735] Optionally, the first battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity, and the first battery cavity is isolated from the second battery cavity. The two ends of the adapter are located in the first battery cavity and the electrical cavity, respectively. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to the first battery pack, and the other end is electrically connected to the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the first battery pack is electrically connected to the electrical components through the adapter. In this way, when thermal runaway occurs in the first battery cavity, the impact on the electrical cavity and the second battery cavity can be reduced.
[0736] Optionally, the second battery cavity is sealed and isolated from the electrical cavity, and the first battery cavity is isolated from the second battery cavity. The two ends of the adapter are located in the second battery cavity and the electrical cavity, respectively. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to the second main terminal, and the other end is electrically connected to the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the second battery pack is electrically connected to the electrical components through the adapter. In this way, when the first battery cavity experiences thermal runaway, the impact on the electrical cavity and the first battery cavity can be reduced.
[0737] Preferably, the electrical cavity is sealed and isolated from both the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity, so that the emissions generated after the thermal runaway of the first battery cell and / or the second battery cell are not easily discharged into the electrical cavity, making the electrical components less susceptible to the effects of thermal runaway of the battery cells and reducing the impact of thermal runaway on the battery system. Furthermore, if both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can be connected to the load through electrical components, if one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the other may still be electrically connected to the load through the electrical components in the electrical cavity, so that the battery system can still supply power to the load, thereby improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0738] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber, the first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway, and the second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway.
[0739] The pressure relief mechanism on the enclosure can release the pressure inside the enclosure when actuated. The pressure relief mechanism can be in the form of an explosion-proof valve, air valve, pressure relief valve or safety valve, etc., and can specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive element or structure. When the pressure relief mechanism performs an action or a weak part in the pressure relief mechanism breaks, an opening or channel is formed for the internal pressure to be released.
[0740] "Actuation" of a pressure relief mechanism refers to the mechanism being activated or brought to a certain state, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the housing. The actions of the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to: at least one part of the mechanism rupturing, breaking, tearing, or opening, etc.
[0741] The housing is equipped with one or more pressure relief mechanisms, as shown in Figure 6. In some embodiments, the housing is equipped with at least one pressure relief mechanism, and the housing contains a pressure relief chamber, with the pressure relief mechanism connected to the pressure relief chamber. If the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the first battery chamber can connect to the pressure relief chamber and, under preset conditions, be depressurized through the pressure relief mechanism; if the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the second battery chamber can connect to the pressure relief chamber and, under preset conditions, be depressurized through the pressure relief mechanism.
[0742] By adopting the above technical solution, a pressure relief chamber is set up to form a pressure relief space on the housing. Both the first battery pack and the second battery pack can release pressure to the outside of the housing through the pressure relief chamber and the pressure relief mechanism, thereby reducing the impact of thermal runaway of one battery pack on the other battery pack. Furthermore, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can share a pressure relief chamber and pressure relief mechanism, reducing the cost of the pressure relief mechanism.
[0743] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG17, the housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism, the first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism.
[0744] The first battery chamber is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, so that the discharge from the first battery chamber can be discharged to the outside of the housing through the first pressure relief mechanism. The second battery chamber is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism, so that the discharge from the first battery chamber can be discharged to the outside of the housing through the second pressure relief mechanism.
[0745] Since the first battery chamber and the second battery chamber are isolated, by setting a first pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the first battery chamber and a second pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the second battery chamber, the first battery pack and the second battery pack can be depressurized independently, and are less likely to affect each other, thus improving the reliability of the battery system.
[0746] It is understandable that there are more than two pressure relief mechanisms. For example, if the box is equipped with a sealed and isolated first battery chamber, second battery chamber and third battery chamber, then there can be three pressure relief mechanisms.
[0747] Referring to Figures 16 to 20, in some embodiments, the battery system further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.
[0748] When an electrochemical reaction occurs inside a battery cell, heat is generated. As the battery is cycled, the cells continuously generate heat, causing the internal temperature of the battery system to gradually rise and affecting its performance. Thermal management components are used to regulate the temperature of the battery cells, including cooling them down or heating them up in low-temperature environments to bring them back to their normal operating temperature range.
[0749] The thermal management component contains heat exchange channels for the flow of a heat exchange medium, which can be a fluid (liquid) or a gas. Temperature regulation refers to heating or cooling multiple battery cells. Optionally, the fluid can be circulating to achieve better temperature regulation. The fluid can be water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, or air, etc. For example, in the case of cooling or lowering the temperature of battery cells, the thermal management component contains a cooling fluid to reduce the temperature of multiple battery cells. In this case, the thermal management component can also be called a cooling component, cooling system, or cooling plate, and the fluid it contains can be called a cooling medium or cooling fluid, more specifically, a coolant or a cooling gas. When the fluid contained in the thermal management component is a coolant, the thermal management component can also be called a liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate contacts the battery cells and can be used to reduce the temperature of the battery cells to prevent thermal runaway.
[0750] In this embodiment, the thermal management component can perform thermal management on at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack, enabling the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to operate within their optimal operating range, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the battery system and extending its service life.
[0751] In some embodiments, the thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component, wherein the first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on a first battery pack and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on a second battery pack.
[0752] A first sub-thermal management component is configured corresponding to a first battery pack, and a second sub-thermal management component is configured corresponding to a second battery pack. In some embodiments, the battery cavity includes a first battery cavity and a second battery cavity, in which case the first sub-thermal management component is configured corresponding to the first battery cavity, and the second sub-thermal management component is configured corresponding to the second battery cavity.
[0753] In some other embodiments, the first battery cell and the second battery cell are not isolated, and the first sub-thermal management component corresponds to the first battery cell, and the second sub-thermal management component corresponds to the second battery cell.
[0754] The first and second sub-thermal management components may be of the same or different types.
[0755] For example, both the first thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component are thermal management components used to exchange heat on the large surface of the battery cell. The first thermal management component includes a first heat exchange tube and a first current collector, and the second thermal management component includes a second heat exchange tube and a second current collector.
[0756] Optionally, the heat exchange areas of the first thermal management component and the second thermal management component are different. For example, the first heat exchange tube in the first thermal management component is relatively sparse, and a single large surface of the first battery cell exchanges heat with the first heat exchange tube; the second heat exchange tube in the second thermal management component is relatively dense, and both large surfaces of the second battery cell exchange heat with the second heat exchange tube. The aforementioned "large surface" refers to the surface with the largest area in the battery cell.
[0757] Optionally, the first thermal management component is a heat exchange plate that cools the bottom of the battery cell, and the second thermal management component is a thermal management component that exchanges heat on the large surface of the battery cell, which includes multiple second heat exchange tubes and second current collectors.
[0758] In addition, the first thermal management component and / or the second sub-thermal management component may also be thermal management components that exchange heat on the shoulder of the battery cell.
[0759] By adopting the above technical solution, the first and second battery packs are thermally managed through corresponding sub-thermal management components. The structures of the first and second thermal management components can be flexibly configured to adapt to the heat exchange requirements of the battery packs. Furthermore, if one sub-thermal management component fails due to blockage or other reasons, the other sub-thermal management component can still operate normally, improving the overall thermal management reliability of the battery system. Configuring independent thermal management components for the first and second battery packs creates a redundant configuration of the thermal management equipment. If one of the first or second thermal management systems malfunctions, it does not affect the use of the other thermal management component; or if either the first or second battery pack malfunctions, it will not damage the thermal management component of the other battery pack, thus improving the redundancy of the battery system. Furthermore, the first and second thermal management components have different heat exchange structures. By configuring different thermal management structures, zoned thermal management and zoned heat dissipation can be achieved, better matching the different needs of the battery packs.
[0760] In some embodiments, the housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet (not shown) and a third outlet (not shown) communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component.
[0761] The housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet that communicate with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet that communicate with the second sub-thermal management component.
[0762] Optionally, the battery chamber includes a first battery chamber and a second battery chamber. A first inlet and a first outlet are correspondingly disposed on the wall of the first battery chamber, and are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component. A second inlet and a second outlet are correspondingly disposed on the wall of the second battery chamber, and are used to allow the heat exchange medium to flow into and out of the first sub-thermal management component. Optionally, the first inlet and the first outlet are arranged vertically, and the second inlet and the second outlet are also arranged vertically to save space. Optionally, the first inlet, the first outlet, the second inlet, and the second outlet are located on the same side of the housing for easy connection to the heat exchange medium source. Similarly, the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component are equipped with independent inlets and outlets, forming a redundant configuration from the inflow and outflow of the heat exchange medium, further improving the safety redundancy of the thermal management system.
[0763] In another embodiment, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicat...
Claims
1. A battery system, characterized in that, The device includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack includes a plurality of first battery cells, and the second battery pack includes a plurality of second battery cells. The first battery pack includes at least one low-voltage battery module, and the second battery pack includes at least one high-voltage battery module. The first battery pack and the second battery pack are capable of independently supplying voltage to the load.
2. The battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second battery pack is used to connect to the first load and provide a first voltage to the first load; The voltage conversion circuit is connected to the first battery pack, and the first battery pack is used to provide a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit.
3. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The second battery pack is used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; The second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit; The first battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit; The first battery pack is used to connect to the second load to output a second voltage to the second load.
4. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second battery pack is used to connect to the first load to output a first voltage to the first load; The second battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a second voltage to the second load through the voltage conversion circuit; The first battery pack is connected to the voltage conversion circuit and is used to output a first voltage to the first load through the voltage conversion circuit.
5. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.
6. The battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes; A first switch, connected to the first battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit; The second switch is connected to the second battery pack and is used to control the second battery pack to connect to the power supply circuit.
7. The battery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The switching circuit is also used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
8. The battery system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes: The third switch is connected to the first terminal of the first battery pack and the second terminal of the second battery pack, and is used for on / off control of the series circuit of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.
9. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit, connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series or in parallel.
10. The battery system as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch; The fourth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series. The fifth switch is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in parallel.
11. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The battery system also includes a voltage conversion circuit, through which the second battery pack can charge the first battery pack.
12. The battery system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A switching circuit is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively, and is used to control the first battery pack and the second battery pack to be connected in series.
13. The battery system according to any one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit includes a first voltage conversion device; The first voltage conversion device is connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack respectively; The first battery pack charges the second battery pack through the first voltage conversion device, or the second battery pack charges the first battery pack through the first voltage conversion device.
14. The battery system according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that, The battery system also includes: A controller, connected to the voltage conversion circuit, controls the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit when the battery system is being charged.
15. The battery system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to control the second battery pack to charge the first battery pack through the voltage conversion circuit in a first preset state; The first preset state includes at least one of the following states: (1) When the remaining charge of the first battery pack is lower than the charge threshold; (2) When the remaining charge of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is less than the first threshold; (3) The voltage of any single battery cell in the first battery pack is lower than the second threshold.
16. The battery system according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to step down the voltage output by the second battery pack in order to charge the first battery pack when the state of charge of the first battery pack is less than or equal to 50% SOC.
17. The battery system according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to control the voltage conversion circuit to step down the voltage output by the second battery pack when the state of charge of the first battery pack is less than or equal to 80% SOC, so as to charge the first battery pack.
18. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, The battery system includes a housing, and both the first battery pack and the second battery pack are disposed within the housing.
19. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, The voltage of the low-voltage battery module is ≤60V, and the voltage of the high-voltage battery module is ≥150V; Optionally, the low-voltage battery module includes one or more of a 12V battery module, a 24V battery module, a 36V battery module, or a 48V battery module; and / or, Optionally, the voltage of the high-voltage battery module is above 400V, and more preferably above 800V.
20. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that, The second battery pack includes at least two high-voltage battery modules with different chemical systems.
21. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, The first battery cell must satisfy at least one of the following conditions: (1) The maximum discharge rate of the first battery cell is greater than the maximum discharge rate of the second battery cell; optionally, the maximum discharge rate of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 8C, and optionally greater than or equal to 10C. (2) The ratio of the discharge power P of the first battery cell at 50% SOC at 25℃ to the rated energy E of the first battery cell is greater than or equal to 10W / Wh. (3) The first battery cell includes one or more of the following: sodium-ion battery, sodium metal battery, sodium-anode-free battery, lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell.
22. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, The volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 2000Wh / L.
23. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is in the range of 200Wh / L to 800Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 20kWh; (2) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than 800Wh / L and less than or equal to 1200Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 40kWh. (3) When the volumetric energy density of the second battery cell is greater than 1200Wh / L and less than or equal to 2000Wh / L, the total capacity of the second battery pack is not less than 60kWh.
24. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that, The second battery cell includes the following battery cells with a volumetric energy density of 450Wh / L to 2000Wh / L: At least one of the following: lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, lithium manganese iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell, hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, lithium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, or at least one of the following: semi-solid-state battery cell, all-solid-state battery cell. Optionally, the negative electrode active material in the ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cell further includes silicon-based materials; the positive electrode active material in the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Optionally, at least one of the second battery cells is a lithium-ion battery cell without a negative electrode.
25. The battery system according to claim 24, characterized in that, The positive electrode active material of the lithium-ion electrodeless battery cell is one or more of olivine phase lithium phosphate, layered lithium transition metal oxide, and spinel phase lithium manganese-based oxide; optionally, the olivine phase lithium phosphate includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate; optionally, the layered lithium transition metal oxide contains nickel, and the molar amount of nickel relative to the total molar amount of transition metal is 0.5 or more, and more preferably 0.7 or more.
26. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, At 25°C, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2C or greater than or equal to 10% SOC-80% SOC. Optionally, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 2.5C or greater than 10% SOC-80% SOC. More preferably, the second battery cell has an equivalent charging rate of 4C or greater than 10% SOC-80% SOC.
27. The battery system according to claim 26, characterized in that, The negative electrode of the second battery cell includes graphite and optionally silicon-based materials, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode of the second battery cell is 30 μm to 60 μm; and / or, The second battery cell contains an electrolyte with a conductivity greater than or equal to 9 mS / cm, optionally greater than or equal to 11 mS / cm, and further optionally greater than or equal to 13 mS / cm.
28. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) The thermal runaway temperature of the second battery cell is not lower than 250°C; (2) The overcharge boundary of the second battery cell is not lower than 140% SOC; (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of solid-state battery cell and semi-solid-state battery cell, or includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion non-negative electrode battery cell, sodium metal battery cell, lithium iron phosphate battery cell or lithium manganese iron phosphate battery cell.
29. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the ambient temperature is -10℃, the charging time of the second battery cell from 10% SOC to 80% SOC is less than or equal to 40 minutes; (2) When the ambient temperature is -20℃, the second battery cell retains more than 80% of its capacity when charged / discharged at 0.33C; (3) The second battery cell includes at least one of sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell without negative electrode, sodium metal battery cell, ternary lithium-ion battery cell, and hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell, wherein the positive electrode active material of the hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery cell includes two or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, and lithium-containing transition metal oxides.
30. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the second battery cell is at 50% SOC, the discharge time to the lower limit cutoff voltage at a 5C rate is greater than or equal to 30s, preferably greater than or equal to 60s, and more preferably greater than or equal to 100s. (2) When the second battery cell is discharged at 3.5C rate for 10s at 50% SOC, the DC resistance DCR of the second battery cell is less than 0.4mΩ, preferably less than 0.3mΩ; (3) The power density of the second battery cell is not less than 500W / kg, and optionally 600W / kg to 5000W / kg.
31. The battery system according to claim 30, characterized in that, The thickness of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the negative electrode sheet in the second battery cell is 50 μm to 70 μm; and / or, the coating weight of the negative electrode active material layer on one side of the second battery cell is 0.100 to 0.170 g / 1540.25 mm. 2 .
32. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The second battery cell must meet at least one of the following conditions: (1) When the second battery cell is charged and discharged at a rate of 1C and 1C to 70% SOH, the number of cycles is not less than 3000 cycles; optionally, not less than 4000 cycles. (2) After being stored at an ambient temperature of 45°C for 90 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 95%; and / or, after being stored at an ambient temperature of 60°C for 60 days, the capacity retention rate of the second battery cell is not less than 98%.
33. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that, in, The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; The battery system also includes: A heating system is used to regulate the temperature of the second battery pack; The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than 40°C when the second battery pack is in the charging state. The battery system is used to connect to the first load; The first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected, and the second battery pack is used to output a first voltage to the first load.
34. The battery system according to claim 33, characterized in that, The controller is used to control the heating system to adjust the battery temperature of the second battery pack to be greater than or equal to 45°C when the second battery pack is in charging condition; optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack is adjusted to be between 45°C and 70°C; further optionally, the battery temperature of the second battery pack is adjusted to be between 50°C and 65°C.
35. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that, in, The second battery pack includes at least one battery cell without a negative electrode; The battery system also includes: The controller is used to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate ≤ 1C when the second battery pack is in a charging state.
36. The battery system according to claim 35, characterized in that, The controller is used to control the voltage conversion circuit to charge the second battery pack at a first rate when the second battery pack is in a charging state, wherein the first rate is ≤0.5C. Optionally, the first multiplier is ≤0.2C.
37. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that: The battery system includes a housing, and the housing contains battery chambers, which include a first battery chamber and a second battery chamber. The first battery pack is disposed in the first battery cavity, the second battery pack is disposed in the second battery cavity, and a partition structure is provided between the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure is capable of blocking at least part of the emissions emitted by at least one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the event of thermal runaway.
38. The battery system according to claim 37, characterized in that: The separation structure is configured to seal and isolate the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity.
39. The battery system according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that, The box includes a tray and a cover, the cover being disposed opposite to the tray along a first direction, and the cover covering the tray; The partition structure divides the housing into a first battery compartment and a second battery compartment, and the partition structure is connected to the cover and the tray on opposite sides along the first direction, respectively.
40. The battery system according to claim 39, characterized in that, The cover seals the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity. The partition structure further includes a sealing element, and the sealing element is provided between the partition structure and the cover; and / or between the partition structure and the tray.
41. The battery system according to any one of claims 37 to 40, characterized in that, The enclosure has an output interface, which is used to connect to the power supply circuit of the load; In the first battery pack, multiple first battery cells are electrically connected to each other and form a first main terminal; in the second battery pack, multiple second battery cells are electrically connected to each other and form a second main terminal. The enclosure also includes an electrical cavity for accommodating electrical components. At least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the first main terminal and the output interface, and at least some of the electrical components are electrically connected to the second main terminal and the output interface. The output interface passes through the cavity wall of the electrical cavity.
42. The battery system according to claim 41, characterized in that, The load includes a first load, and the output interface includes a first output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the first load; the electrical component includes a first voltage conversion device, and the first main terminal is electrically connected to the first output interface through the first voltage conversion device to provide a first voltage to the first load, the first voltage range being greater than or equal to 150V; and / or The load includes a second load, and the output interface includes a second output interface for connecting the power supply circuit of the second load; the electrical component includes a second voltage conversion device, and the second main terminal is electrically connected to the second output interface through the second voltage conversion device to provide a second voltage to the second load, the second voltage being less than or equal to 60V.
43. The battery system according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that, The housing is provided with an electrical cavity partition, which is used to seal and isolate the electrical cavity from the first battery cavity and / or the second battery cavity; The electrical cavity partition is provided with a mounting hole. The battery system also includes an adapter, which is sealed through the mounting hole. One end of the adapter is electrically connected to at least one of the first main terminal and the second main terminal, and the other end of the adapter is electrically connected to an electrical component inside the electrical cavity.
44. The battery system according to any one of claims 37 to 43, characterized in that, The housing is provided with at least one pressure relief mechanism, and the housing is provided with a pressure relief chamber. The pressure relief mechanism is connected to the pressure relief chamber. The first battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the first battery pack experiences thermal runaway. The second battery chamber can be connected to the pressure relief chamber when the second battery pack experiences thermal runaway.
45. The battery system according to any one of claims 37 to 44, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a first pressure relief mechanism and a second pressure relief mechanism. The first battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the first pressure relief mechanism, and the second battery cavity is correspondingly arranged with the second pressure relief mechanism.
46. The battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 45, characterized in that, The battery system further includes a thermal management component for thermal management of the first battery pack and / or the second battery pack.
47. The battery system according to claim 46, characterized in that, The thermal management component includes at least a first sub-thermal management component and a second sub-thermal management component. The first sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the first battery pack, and the second sub-thermal management component is used to perform thermal management on the second battery pack.
48. The battery system according to claim 47, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component, and a second inlet and a second outlet communicating with the second sub-thermal management component; or, the housing is provided with a third inlet and a third outlet communicating with the first sub-thermal management component and the second sub-thermal management component.
49. The battery system according to any one of claims 37 to 48, characterized in that, The number of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity can be one or more, wherein the arrangement of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity includes one or more of the following: (1) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the length of the housing; (2) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the width direction of the housing; (3) The first battery cavity and the second battery cavity are arranged along the height direction of the housing; (4) One of the first battery cavity and the second battery cavity is located at one corner of the housing; (5) A plurality of first battery cavities and a plurality of second battery cavities are arranged alternately.
50. The battery system according to any one of claims 37 to 49, characterized in that, Within the first battery cavity, a plurality of the first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing; Within the second battery cavity, a plurality of the first battery cells are arranged along the length and / or width and / or height of the housing.
51. An electrical device, characterized in that, It includes a first load and a second load; and a battery system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 50.
52. The electrical appliance according to claim 51, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the first load includes a drive system for driving the vehicle.
53. The electrical appliance according to claim 51 or 52, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the second load includes a vehicle control system, which is used for vehicle body control.
54. The electrical appliance according to any one of claims 51 to 53, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board charger (OBC). The battery system is connected to the OBC, and the OBC is used to AC charge the vehicle.
55. The electrical appliance according to any one of claims 51 to 54, characterized in that, The electrical device includes a vehicle, and the vehicle further includes an on-board battery, which is used to provide the second voltage to the second load; Optionally, the vehicle-mounted battery includes at least one of sodium-ion batteries, sodium metal batteries, sodium-ion batteries without negative electrodes, lithium iron phosphate-graphite lithium-ion battery cells, and ternary-graphite lithium-ion battery cells.