Single-layer e-h waveguide twist structure, antenna, and radar

Abstract

The present invention provides a single-layer E-H waveguide twist structure, an antenna, and a radar. The single-layer E-H waveguide twist structure comprises: a PCB main board and a waveguide substrate. One side of the waveguide substrate is provided with an E-plane waveguide groove; an end portion of a base wall is connected to a plurality of first artificial magnetic conductor posts arranged in a spaced apart manner; an extending space is defined on one side of the E-plane waveguide groove by means of the base wall and the first artificial magnetic conductor posts, and the extending space and the E-plane waveguide groove together form an E-plane waveguide cavity; an H-plane waveguide groove is formed by the waveguide substrate and two rows of second artificial magnetic conductor posts arranged in a spaced apart manner on the same side of the waveguide substrate as the E-plane waveguide groove; one end of the H-plane waveguide groove is connected to the E-plane waveguide groove, the other end is an open end, and the H-plane waveguide groove and the PCB main board jointly enclose to form an H-plane waveguide cavity. According to the present invention, a waveguide groove is formed by a waveguide substrate and artificial magnetic conductor posts, and interfaces with a PCB mainboard on an opposite side so as to collectively form a waveguide cavity, thereby allowing for a waveguide cavity to be formed with only a single-layer structure.

Description

Single-layer EH twisted waveguide structure, antenna and radar Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waveguide technology, specifically to a single-layer EH twisted waveguide structure, antenna, and radar. Background Technology

[0002] Waveguide slot antennas are commonly used in navigation, radar, and other high-frequency systems. They are easy to manufacture, have low loss, and radiate linearly polarized waves with very low cross-polarization. Waveguide slot array antennas offer numerous advantages, including compact structure, light weight, high mechanical strength, high power capacity, high aperture efficiency, ease of achieving narrow beams, and high reliability.

[0003] In the field of automotive radar, waveguide antennas, especially those with metallized plastic substrates, are gradually gaining widespread attention. Current practical applications typically employ multi-layered structures for waveguide antenna design and manufacturing, connecting these layers into a single, integrated antenna. However, multi-layered designs also present challenges such as structural complexity, high assembly precision requirements, and higher manufacturing costs.

[0004] Another design approach involves designing the antenna as a single-layer structure, thereby significantly reducing the manufacturing cost of the waveguide antenna. However, this approach requires H-plane waveguide transmission lines and H-plane waveguide slot antenna arrays, along with multiple rows of magnetic conductor pins to increase isolation between channels. Consequently, the waveguide structure occupies an excessively large area, creating the difficulty of arranging multiple waveguide channels within the limited area of ​​an automotive radar waveguide antenna.

[0005] This invention proposes a single-layer EH twisted waveguide conversion structure, which allows the transmission line to be designed as an E-plane waveguide. The H-plane waveguide slot antenna array is then connected through this EH twisted waveguide conversion structure, thereby greatly reducing the area occupied by the waveguide structure and solving the problem of insufficient area for arranging multiple waveguide channels within the limited area of ​​the waveguide antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure, antenna, and radar.

[0007] According to the present invention, a single-layer EH twisted waveguide structure includes: a PCB motherboard 1 and a waveguide substrate 3;

[0008] The waveguide substrate 3 has an E-plane waveguide groove 21 and an H-plane waveguide groove 32 on one side, and a matching body 23 is provided between the E-plane waveguide groove 21 and the H-plane waveguide groove 32.

[0009] The PCB motherboard 1 has a copper-clad PCB top surface 11.

[0010] The top surface 11 of the PCB is disposed opposite to the side of the waveguide substrate 3, and together with the E-plane waveguide groove 21 and the H-plane waveguide groove 32, they form an E-plane waveguide cavity and an H-plane waveguide cavity, respectively. The matching body 23 is located in both the E-plane waveguide cavity and the H-plane waveguide cavity.

[0011] The E-plane waveguide groove 21 is formed on the side of the waveguide substrate 3. The sidewall has an extension in the direction away from the plane where the bottom surface of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 is located, forming a base wall 24. The end of the base wall 24 is connected to a plurality of spaced first magnetic conductor nails 22. The base wall 24 and the first magnetic conductor nails 22 form an extension space on one side of the E-plane waveguide groove 21. The extension space and the E-plane waveguide groove 21 together constitute an E-plane waveguide cavity. The end of the E-plane waveguide cavity is open, forming an E-plane waveguide port P31. The E-plane waveguide port P31 is used to connect the same type of E-plane waveguide transmission line or waveguide interface structure. The other end of the E-plane waveguide cavity is connected to the H-plane waveguide groove 32.

[0012] The H-plane waveguide groove 32 is composed of a waveguide substrate 3 and two rows of spaced second magnetic conductor nails 33. One end of the H-plane waveguide groove 32 is connected to the E-plane waveguide groove 21, and the other end is an open end forming an H-plane waveguide port P32. The H-plane waveguide port P32 is used to connect the same type of H-plane waveguide transmission line or waveguide slot antenna. The H-plane waveguide groove 32 and the PCB motherboard 1 together form an H-plane waveguide cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, the H-plane waveguide groove 32 is bent at 90 degrees;

[0014] Furthermore, the outer angle of the 90-degree bend is an oblique structure, which includes an obliquely arranged base wall 24 and a first magnetic conductor nail post 22 with one end connected to the end face of the base wall 24.

[0015] Furthermore, the base wall 24 of the inclined structure is continuously formed on the same side as the base wall 24 of the E-plane waveguide groove 21.

[0016] Furthermore, the center surface 321 of the H-plane waveguide groove, which is connected to the E-plane waveguide groove 21, is parallel to the center surface 31 of the E-plane waveguide groove.

[0017] Furthermore, the single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure also includes: an isolation wall 26;

[0018] The isolation wall 26 is disposed on both sides of the H-plane waveguide groove 32 along the extension direction of the H-plane waveguide groove 32, and is located outside the first magnetic conductor nail post 22 and the second magnetic conductor nail post 33.

[0019] Furthermore, an outer groove 25 is provided between the isolation wall 26 and the first magnetic conductor nail post 22 and the second magnetic conductor nail post 33.

[0020] Furthermore, the end faces of the first magnetic conductor nail post 22, the second magnetic conductor nail post 33, and the isolation wall 26 are in contact with the PCB motherboard 1 or have a preset assembly gap.

[0021] An antenna according to the present invention includes the single-layer EH twisted waveguide structure described above.

[0022] A radar according to the present invention includes the aforementioned antenna.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The twisted waveguide structure from E-plane waveguide to H-plane waveguide provided by this invention can connect the E-plane waveguide to the slot array antenna of the H-plane waveguide. The waveguide groove is formed by the waveguide substrate and the magnetic conductor nail, and is connected to the PCB motherboard on the opposite side to form a waveguide cavity. This realizes that only one layer of structure is needed to form the waveguide cavity, which greatly reduces the overall size of the waveguide cavity and the waveguide antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of the EH twisted waveguide structure;

[0027] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional view of the waveguide substrate;

[0028] Figure 3 is a top view of the waveguide substrate;

[0029] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the E-plane waveguide of the EH torsion waveguide structure;

[0030] Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the H-plane waveguide of the EH torsion waveguide structure.

[0031] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure;

[0032] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the waveguide interface structure. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure, comprising: a PCB motherboard 1 and a waveguide substrate 3, wherein the waveguide substrate 3 is a single-layer structure, which together with the copper-clad PCB top surface 11 of the PCB motherboard 1 forms a waveguide cavity. The waveguide cavity is divided into an E-plane waveguide cavity and an H-plane waveguide cavity. One end of the waveguide cavity is an E-plane waveguide port P31, used to connect to the same type of E-plane waveguide transmission line or waveguide interface structure, and the other end is an H-plane waveguide port P32, used to connect to the same type of H-plane waveguide transmission line or waveguide slot antenna.

[0036] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, an E-plane waveguide groove 21 is formed on one side of the waveguide substrate 3. The long side of the cross-section of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 is perpendicular to the top surface 11 of the PCB, and the short side is parallel to the top surface 11 of the PCB. The sidewall of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 has an extension in a direction away from the plane where the bottom surface of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 is located, forming a base wall 24. A plurality of first magnetic conductor nails 22 are connected to the end of the base wall 24. The base wall 24 and the first magnetic conductor nails 22 form an extended space on one side of the E-plane waveguide groove 21, and the extended space and the E-plane waveguide groove 21 together constitute the E-plane waveguide cavity.

[0037] One end of the E-plane waveguide slot 21 is open and used to connect to the waveguide interface structure, while the other end is connected to the H-plane waveguide slot 32. The H-plane waveguide slot 32 is composed of the waveguide substrate 3 and two rows of spaced second magnetic conductor nails 33 on the same side as the E-plane waveguide slot 21. One end of the H-plane waveguide slot 32 is connected to the E-plane waveguide slot 21, and the other end is open and used to connect to the waveguide transmission line or the waveguide slot antenna. The H-plane waveguide slot 32 and the top surface 11 of the PCB together form the H-plane waveguide cavity.

[0038] The H-plane waveguide groove 32 is bent at a 90-degree angle, with the outer corner of the 90-degree bend being an oblique structure. This oblique structure includes an obliquely arranged base wall 24 and a first magnetic conductor nail post 22 connected at one end to the end face of the base wall 24. The center plane 321 of the H-plane waveguide groove 32 connected to the E-plane waveguide groove 21 is parallel to the center plane 31 of the E-plane waveguide groove 21. The base wall 24 of the oblique structure and the base wall 24 on the same side as the E-plane waveguide groove 21 are continuously formed to simplify the structural design. A matching body 23 is provided at the connection between the E-plane waveguide groove 21 and the H-plane waveguide groove 32. The matching body 23 is located simultaneously within both the E-plane waveguide cavity and the H-plane waveguide cavity, forming an EH conversion of the signal polarization direction.

[0039] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the single-layer EH torsional waveguide structure also includes an isolation wall 26. The isolation wall 26 is disposed on both sides of the H-plane waveguide groove 32 along its extension direction, and is located outside the first magnetic conductor nail post 22 and the second magnetic conductor nail post 33. An external groove 25 is formed between the isolation wall 26 and the first magnetic conductor nail post 22 and the second magnetic conductor nail post 33 to further improve shielding performance and inter-channel isolation.

[0040] The lower half of the waveguide cavity consists of a base wall and arranged magnetic conductor nails, which further enhance electromagnetic shielding and together with the top surface of the PCB, form the waveguide cavity. This reduces the projected area of ​​the waveguide transmission line while ensuring the isolation between multiple waveguide cavities.

[0041] In this way, the waveguide substrate 3 can be formed in a single layer and then assembled with the PCB. The end faces of the first magnetic conductor nail post 22, the second magnetic conductor nail post 33 and the isolation wall 26 are in contact with the top surface 11 of the PCB or have a preset assembly gap. The assembly requirements are low and can meet the requirements of mass production.

[0042] Each of the above components can be made of metal or non-metallic materials with a metallized surface.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] As shown in Figure 6, the present invention also provides an antenna, comprising the single-layer EH twisted waveguide structure of Embodiment 1, a waveguide interface structure 2, and a waveguide slot antenna 4. The waveguide interface structure 2 can be continuously formed with the waveguide substrate 3, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0045] As shown in Figure 7, an E-plane waveguide groove 21 is provided on one side of the waveguide interface structure 2, and the E-plane waveguide groove 21 of the waveguide interface structure 2 is connected to the E-plane waveguide groove 21 of the waveguide substrate 3 as a whole.

[0046] The long side of the cross-section of the waveguide groove 21 on the E-plane of the waveguide interface structure 2 is perpendicular to the top surface 11 of the PCB, and the short side is parallel to the top surface 11 of the PCB. The E-plane (electric field) refers to a plane parallel to the direction of the electric field, while the H-plane (magnetic field) refers to a plane parallel to the direction of the magnetic field. The E-plane is usually parallel to the narrow wall, and the H-plane is parallel to the wide wall.

[0047] The number of E-plane waveguide slots 21 in the waveguide interface structure 2 corresponds one-to-one with the waveguide apertures 12, and the E-plane waveguide slots 21 can be straight or curved. By using different combinations of curved shapes, multiple E-plane waveguide cavities can be arranged within a limited area to accommodate the port sizes and layouts of different RF chips. The transmission direction of the E-plane waveguide cavity is parallel to the long side of the waveguide aperture 12, thereby allowing for the docking of more waveguide apertures 12 within the limited space of the waveguide interface structure 2.

[0048] One end of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 in waveguide interface structure 2 is a closed end, which is opposite to the waveguide aperture 12. A matching body 23 is provided at the corner of the closed end, so that the vertically transmitted waveguide aperture 12 and the horizontally transmitted E-plane waveguide cavity are torsional matched at 90 degrees, improving signal transmission efficiency. The other end of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 is an open end, which is connected to the E-plane waveguide groove 21 of the waveguide substrate 3. The matching body 23 can be stepped or inclined. The centerline of the closed end of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 is on the same straight line as the centerline of the waveguide aperture 12.

[0049] Similarly, referring to Figure 4, the sidewall of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 of the waveguide interface structure 2 has an extension in the direction away from the plane where the bottom surface of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 is located, forming a base wall 24. Multiple spaced-apart first magnetic conductor nails 22 are connected to the end of the base wall 24. The base wall 24 and the first magnetic conductor nails 22 enclose an extended space on one side of the E-plane waveguide groove 21, and the extended space together with the E-plane waveguide groove 21 constitute the E-plane waveguide cavity. The end faces of the first magnetic conductor nails 22 are in contact with the top surface 11 of the PCB or have a preset assembly gap, which can maintain considerable electromagnetic shielding performance. Isolation walls 26 are arranged along the extension direction of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 on both sides of the E-plane waveguide groove 21 and are located outside the base wall 24. There is a preset distance between the isolation walls 26 and the base wall 24, forming an outer groove 25, which can further improve electromagnetic shielding and increase the isolation between the E-plane waveguide cavities.

[0050] As shown in Figure 7, the waveguide slot antenna 4 is connected to the open end of the H-plane waveguide groove 32 of the waveguide substrate 3, and has a slot array. The slot array is also surrounded by the second magnetic conductor nail 33, forming an antenna cavity with the PCB motherboard 1 and connected to the H-plane waveguide cavity of the antenna cavity. The second magnetic conductor nail 33 of the slot array is also surrounded by an isolation wall 26. The EH torsional waveguide structure, the waveguide interface structure 2, and the waveguide slot antenna 4 are connected in a continuous molding structure. Similarly, an external groove 25 can also be provided between the isolation wall 26 and the second magnetic conductor nail 33 of the waveguide slot antenna 4. The isolation wall 26 and the external groove 25 can also be a connected integral structure.

[0051] Each waveguide component can be continuously molded to form a single-layer multi-channel waveguide slot antenna, which has a compact structure, excellent performance, and is simple and quick to process and assemble.

[0052] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0053] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A single-layer EH twisted waveguide structure, characterized in that, include: PCB motherboard (1), waveguide substrate (3); The waveguide substrate (3) has an E-plane waveguide groove (21) and an H-plane waveguide groove (32) on one side, and a matching body (23) is provided between the E-plane waveguide groove (21) and the H-plane waveguide groove (32); The PCB motherboard (1) is provided with a copper-clad PCB top surface (11), the PCB top surface (11) is disposed opposite to the side of the waveguide substrate (3), and together with the E-plane waveguide groove (21) and the H-plane waveguide groove (32), they respectively form the E-plane waveguide cavity and the H-plane waveguide cavity, and the matching body (23) is located in both the E-plane waveguide cavity and the H-plane waveguide cavity; The E-plane waveguide groove (21) is formed on the side of the waveguide substrate (3). The sidewall has an extension in the direction away from the plane where the bottom surface of the E-plane waveguide groove (21) is located, forming a base wall (24). The end of the base wall (24) is connected to a plurality of spaced first magnetic conductor nails (22). The base wall (24) and the first magnetic conductor nails (22) form an extension space on one side of the E-plane waveguide groove (21). The extension space and the E-plane waveguide groove (21) together constitute an E-plane waveguide cavity. The end of the E-plane waveguide cavity is open, forming an E-plane waveguide port P31. The E-plane waveguide port P31 is used to connect the same type of E-plane waveguide transmission line or waveguide interface structure. The other end of the E-plane waveguide cavity is connected to the H-plane waveguide groove (32). The H-plane waveguide groove (32) is composed of a waveguide substrate (3) and two rows of spaced second magnetic conductor nails (33). One end of the H-plane waveguide groove (32) is connected to the E-plane waveguide groove (21), and the other end is an open end forming an H-plane waveguide port P32. The H-plane waveguide port P32 is used to connect the same type of H-plane waveguide transmission line or waveguide slot antenna. The H-plane waveguide groove (32) and the PCB motherboard (1) together form an H-plane waveguide cavity.

2. The single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The H-plane waveguide groove (32) is bent at 90 degrees.

3. The single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer corner of the 90-degree bend is an oblique structure, which includes an obliquely arranged base wall (24) and a first magnetic conductor nail post (22) with one end connected to the end face of the base wall (24).

4. The single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The base wall (24) of the inclined structure is continuously formed on the same side as the base wall (24) of the E-plane waveguide groove (21).

5. The single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The center plane (321) of the H-plane waveguide groove connected to the E-plane waveguide groove (21) is parallel to the center plane (31) of the E-plane waveguide groove.

6. The single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure also includes: an isolation wall (26); The isolation wall (26) is disposed on both sides of the H-plane waveguide groove (32) along the extension direction of the H-plane waveguide groove (32), and is located outside the first magnetic conductor nail post (22) and the second magnetic conductor nail post (33).

7. The single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, An external groove (25) is provided between the isolation wall (26) and the first magnetic conductor nail post (22) and the second magnetic conductor nail post (33).

8. The single-layer EH torsion waveguide structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end faces of the first magnetic conductor nail (22), the second magnetic conductor nail (33) and the isolation wall (26) are in contact with the PCB motherboard (1) or have a preset assembly gap.

9. An antenna, characterized in that, The EH torsion waveguide structure includes the single-layer structure described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A radar, characterized in that, Includes the antenna as described in claim 9.

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