Accelerated test apparatus for precision retaining ability of rotating shaft component of machine tool, and method for using same
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/129722
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-04-18
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-22
Smart Images
Figure CN2025129722_22102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
An accelerated testing device and method for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of functional component performance testing technology, and relates to an accelerated testing device and method for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary shaft components. Background Technology
[0002] CNC machine tools are the cornerstone of industrial modernization and key manufacturing equipment for the development of high-end equipment in aerospace, military, and automotive industries, holding a significant strategic position. CNC milling heads, CNC rotary tables, and spindles are key rotary axis functional components of CNC machine tools, playing a decisive role in the machining quality of parts. Precision retention is one of the key performance indicators of rotary axis functional components, describing their ability to maintain their original precision under normal operating conditions. A decline in the precision retention of rotary axis functional components leads to a reduction in the machining accuracy of the equipment, thereby affecting the overall performance and stability of the equipment. Therefore, research on the precision retention of rotary axis functional components has significant theoretical and practical implications.
[0003] Traditional methods for testing the precision retention of rotary axis functional components mainly rely on on-site tracking tests, which can take months or even years, resulting in low testing efficiency. Currently, with the development of accelerated testing technologies, some accelerated testing devices for the precision retention of rotary axis functional components have been proposed. In 2014, Jing Guofeng et al. from Yantai Huanqiu Machine Tool Accessories Group Co., Ltd. disclosed a detection device for the precision retention of CNC rotary tables in patent CN104020716A. This device applies torque to the tested rotary table by simulating actual cutting loads using a magnetic powder brake, replacing the method of adding weights to the rotary table, thus accelerating the process of rotary table precision degradation and improving the efficiency of CNC rotary table precision retention testing to a certain extent. In 2018, Pan Shaogang et al. from Yantai Huanqiu Machine Tool Equipment Co., Ltd. disclosed a loading device for CNC rotary table precision retention experiments in patent CN206862661U. This device uses the damping torque generated by a friction disc to load the CNC rotary table, resulting in smaller torque variations and a wider torque adjustment range compared to the loading torque provided by a magnetic powder brake. In 2024, Wang Zhi et al. from Dalian University of Technology disclosed a method for evaluating the accuracy characteristics of an electric spindle based on dynamic vector force loading in patent CN118067517A. The method achieves the detection of the accuracy characteristics of the electric spindle by applying torque and dynamic vector force to the electric spindle.
[0004] The above research shows that accelerated testing technology has been well applied in the field of functional component performance testing, but there are still the following problems: (1) Existing testing devices are mostly used for spindles and rotary tables, and lack precision retention testing devices for CNC milling heads and CNC rotary tables; (2) Spindles, rotary tables and milling heads face similar load environments in actual service, and have common requirements for testing devices, but existing testing devices are mostly special devices that can only test the same type of rotary axis functional components. There is no universal accelerated testing device for precision retention of rotary axis functional components that can uniformly cover the three types of CNC milling heads, CNC rotary tables and spindles; (3) Existing precision retention testing devices for rotary axis functional components only apply static / dynamic forces or torques when loading, without considering the impact of vibration and temperature changes on the degradation of equipment precision. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an accelerated testing device for the precision retention of machine tool rotary axis components, which solves the problems of the lack of accelerated testing devices for the precision retention of machine tool rotary axis functional components and the difficulty in obtaining precision degradation data. It can complete the performance testing of different types of rotary axis functional components simply by changing the tooling fixtures, quickly obtain precision degradation data of key machine tool functional components, and support the iterative upgrading of domestically produced key functional components.
[0006] The technical solution of the present invention:
[0007] An accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components includes a stress loading section and a functional component mounting section. The stress loading section includes a dynamic / static force loading device 1, a high / low temperature loading device 2, and a vibrator 3, which simultaneously meets the cyclic loading requirements of three different types of functional components—spindle, CNC milling head, and rotary table—for three-dimensional static / dynamic force, vibration load, and temperature load. The functional component mounting section includes a universal mounting device 4 for CNC milling heads and spindles and a dedicated mounting device 5 for rotary tables. By changing the mounting device, the rapid installation of the three different types of machine tool rotary axis functional components—spindle, CNC milling head, and rotary table—can be achieved.
[0008] Furthermore, the following static / dynamic force loading device 1 mainly consists of a follower device and a loading device.
[0009] Further, the follower device includes a support base 101, a support base guide rail 102, an arc-shaped guide rail 103, an arc-shaped rack 104, a follower slide 105, a rack 106, and a reduction motor 107; wherein, the support base 101 is mounted on the support base guide rail 102, there are two support base guide rails 102, and a rack 106 parallel to it is provided next to the support base guide rail 102. The rack 106 engages with the cylindrical gear at the bottom of the support base 101 and is driven by the reduction motor 107, so that the support base 101 moves along the support base guide rail 102 and adaptively adjusts its position according to the size of the functional component being measured; the follower slide 105 has a bottom... A tooling turntable 108 is used to be fixedly connected to the loading device. The rotation speed of the tooling turntable 108 is adaptively adjusted according to the loading requirements of the turntable in the swing table, so that the loading device can rotate and follow. The arc-shaped guide rail 103 and the arc-shaped rack 104 are fixed on the support base 101, and respectively cooperate with the guide rail slider 109 and the cylindrical gear 110 on the top of the follower slide 105. By driving the follower slide reduction motor 111 on the follower slide 105, the loading device is driven to make a circular motion along the arc-shaped guide rail 103, so as to ensure that the loading device always maintains a constant relative position during the swing of the turntable and the CNC milling head, thereby realizing follower loading.
[0010] Further, the loading device includes a connecting block 112, a connecting plate 113, eccentric wheel loading mechanisms 114, tension / compression sensors 115, a loading support plate 116, and a triaxial force sensor 117; wherein, the connecting block 112 is connected to the tooling turntable 108 at the bottom of the follower slide 105 by bolts, the tops of the three eccentric wheel loading mechanisms 114 are evenly fixed around the connecting block 112 by the connecting plate 113, the bottoms of the eccentric wheel loading mechanisms 114 are connected to the loading support plate 116 by the tension / compression sensors 115, and the bottom of the loading support plate 116... The component is placed on the universal mounting device 4 for CNC milling head and spindle or the special mounting device 5 for rotary table, and is used for the connection between the functional component under test and the loading device. Three different forces are applied to the functional component under test through three eccentric loading devices to realize the three-dimensional static / dynamic force loading on the functional component under test; a three-dimensional force sensor 117 is placed inside the loading support plate 116 to monitor the magnitude of the three-dimensional static and dynamic forces on the functional component under test; a tension and compression sensor 115 is used to monitor the magnitude of the static and dynamic forces output by each eccentric wheel loading mechanism 114;
[0011] Furthermore, the high and low temperature loading device 2 is a bellows, which is used to install functional components inside. The bellows has a door on the top and a door on the side. The functional component to be tested is placed into the high and low temperature loading device 2 through the top door. The operator performs assembly and debugging work through the side door. When all the doors of the high and low temperature loading device 2 are closed, the high and low temperature loading device 2 applies hot and cold air to the interior through the internal air vent, causing the internal space temperature to change periodically.
[0012] Furthermore, the universal mounting device 4 for CNC milling heads and spindles includes a turntable 401, a mounting bracket 402, a mounting box, and a simulated tool holder 405; wherein, the bottom of the turntable 401 is fixed to the upper surface of the vibrator 3, and its upper surface is connected to the mounting bracket 402; the mounting box is divided into a milling head mounting box 403 and a spindle mounting box 404, which are used to place the CNC milling head and the spindle respectively. The two are not used at the same time, and one of them is selected to be placed on the mounting bracket 402 according to the loading requirements; the bottom of the simulated tool holder 405 is engaged with the CNC milling head or the spindle, and the top is connected to the loading support plate 116;
[0013] Furthermore, the dedicated mounting device 5 for the swing platform includes a base 501, a swing platform mounting bracket 502, and a loading block 503. The base 501 is fixedly connected to the vibrator 3 by bolts. The bottom of the swing platform mounting bracket 502 is connected to the base 501, and the top of the swing platform is placed on it. The swing platform mounting bracket 502 is provided with a pad 504, and the installation height of the swing platform can be adjusted by replacing the pad 504. A ball screw 505 is provided between the two swing platform mounting brackets 502. The width of the swing platform mounting bracket 502 can be adjusted by rotating the ball screw 505 according to the size of the swing platform. The top of the loading block 503 is connected to the loading support plate 116, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the turntable plane of the swing platform by bolts.
[0014] A method for testing the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components using an accelerated testing device, comprising the following steps:
[0015] The following are the instructions for using loads on CNC milling heads or spindles:
[0016] (1) Fix the turntable 401 to the upper surface of the vibrator 3, place the mounting bracket 402 on the turntable 401, and place the milling head mounting box 403 or the spindle mounting box 404 on the mounting bracket 402 according to the loading requirements.
[0017] (2) Open the top door of the high and low temperature loading device 2, use the crane to place the CNC milling head on the milling head mounting box 403 and lock it with bolts, and at the same time place the simulated tool holder 405 on the CNC milling head, or use the crane to place the spindle on the spindle mounting box 404 and lock it with bolts, and at the same time place the simulated tool holder 405 on the spindle.
[0018] (3) Drive the static / dynamic force loading device 1 to move along the support base guide rail 102 to the top of the CNC milling head or spindle, and at the same time drive the follower slide reducer motor 111 inside the follower slide 105 to rotate, drive the arc rack 104 to drive, so that the loading device moves along the arc guide rail 103 until the triaxial force sensor 117 inside the loading support plate 116 in the loading device is coaxial with the simulated tool holder 405. Then, use bolts to fix the loading support plate 116 and the simulated tool holder 405, so that the loading support plate 116 is stably placed on the CNC milling head or spindle.
[0019] (4) Close all the doors of the high and low temperature loading device 2 and start the test.
[0020] Furthermore, the method for loading the CNC rotary table is as follows:
[0021] (1) Connect the lower surface of the base 501 to the upper surface of the vibrator 3 with bolts, and place the swing table mounting bracket 502 on the upper surface of the base 501. Select the appropriate height of the pad 504 according to the size of the swing table, and adjust the mounting bracket to the appropriate width through the ball screw 505 inside the CNC swing table mounting bracket 502.
[0022] (2) Open the top door of the high and low temperature loading device 2, place the swing platform on the swing platform mounting bracket 502 by the crane, place the loading block 503 on the swing platform and fix it with bolts.
[0023] (3) Drive the static / dynamic force loading device 1 to move along the support base guide rail 102 to the top of the swing table, and at the same time drive the follower slide reducer motor 111 inside the follower slide 105 to rotate, drive the arc rack 104, and make the loading device move along the arc guide rail 103 until the lower surface of the loading support plate 116 in the loading device is parallel to the upper surface of the loading block 503. Then use bolts to fix the loading support plate 116 to the loading block 503, so that the loading support plate 116 is stably placed on the swing table.
[0024] (4) Close all the doors of the high and low temperature loading device 2 and start the test.
[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0026] (1) Spindles, rotary tables and milling heads face similar load environments in actual service, and have common requirements for testing devices. However, existing testing devices are mostly special devices that can only test the same type of rotary axis functional components. The accelerated testing device for the precision retention of machine tool rotary axis functional components proposed in this invention can complete the accelerated testing of the precision retention of three types of rotary axis functional components, namely spindles, milling heads and rotary tables, by simply changing the installation device. This solves the problem of the current accelerated testing device for the precision retention of machine tool rotary axis functional components having a single test object and poor versatility, and fills the gap in the domestic and foreign general-purpose accelerated testing device for the precision retention of machine tool rotary axis functional components.
[0027] (2) The accelerated testing device for the precision retention of machine tool rotary shaft functional components proposed in this invention can simultaneously apply multiple stresses such as vibration, static / dynamic force, and temperature, which is more in line with the actual service conditions of various functional components and can provide a scientific basis for the iterative optimization of rotary shaft functional components of domestic industrial machine tools. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the milling head loading of the accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of the machine tool rotary axis functional components of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of spindle loading of the accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis functional components of the present invention.
[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotating table loading of the accelerated testing device for the precision retention of the machine tool rotary axis functional components of the present invention.
[0031] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the static / dynamic force loading device; (a) schematic diagram of the following device; (b) schematic diagram of the following slide; (c) schematic diagram of the loading device.
[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the universal mounting device for CNC milling heads and spindles.
[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the special installation device for the rotating platform.
[0034] In the diagram: 1. Dynamic / static force loading device; 2. High and low temperature loading device; 3. Vibrator; 4. Universal mounting device for CNC milling head and spindle; 5. Dedicated mounting device for rotary table; 101. Support seat; 102. Support seat guide rail; 103. Arc-shaped guide rail; 104. Arc-shaped rack; 105. Follower slide; 106. Rack; 107. Gear motor; 108. Tooling rotary table; 109. Guide rail slider; 110. Cylindrical gear; 111. Follower slide gear motor; 112. Connecting block; 113. Connecting plate; 114. Eccentric wheel loading mechanism; 115. Tension and compression sensor; 116. Loading support plate; 117. Triaxial force sensor; 401. Rotary table; 402. Mounting bracket; 403. Milling head mounting box; 404. Spindle mounting box; 405. Simulated tool holder; 501. Base; 502. Rotary table mounting bracket; 503. Loading block; 504. Pad block; 505. Ball screw. Detailed Implementation
[0035] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.
[0036] As shown in Figures 1-3, an accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components includes a stress loading section and a functional component installation section. The stress loading section includes a static / dynamic force loading device 1, a high and low temperature loading device 2, and a vibrator 3, which can simultaneously meet the cyclic loading requirements of three different types of functional components—spindle, CNC milling head, and rotary table—for three-dimensional static / dynamic force, vibration load, and temperature load. The functional component installation section includes a universal installation device 4 for CNC milling heads and spindles and a dedicated installation device 5 for rotary tables. By simply changing the installation device, the rapid installation of three different types of machine tool rotary axis functional components—spindle, CNC milling head, and rotary table—can be achieved.
[0037] The following static / dynamic force loading device 1 consists of a follower device and a loading device.
[0038] As shown in Figure 4(a), the follower device includes a support base 101, a support base guide rail 102, an arc-shaped guide rail 103, an arc-shaped rack 104, a follower slide 105, a rack 106, and a reduction motor 107. The support base 101 is mounted on the support base guide rail 102. A rack 106 parallel to the support base guide rail 102 is provided beside it. The rack 106 engages with a cylindrical gear at the bottom of the support base 101 and is driven by the reduction motor 107, allowing the support base 101 to move freely along the guide rail and adaptively adjust its position according to the size of the functional component being measured. As shown in Figure 4(b), the bottom of the follower slide 105... A tooling turntable 108 is fixedly connected to the loading device. The speed of the tooling turntable can be adaptively adjusted according to the loading requirements of the turntable in the swing table, so that the loading device can rotate and follow. The arc-shaped guide rail 103 and the arc-shaped rack 104 are fixed to the support base 101 by bolts, and respectively cooperate with the guide rail slider 109 and the cylindrical gear 110 on the top of the follower slide 105. By driving the follower slide reducer motor 111 in the follower slide 105, the loading device can be driven to make a circular motion along the arc-shaped guide rail 103, so as to ensure that the loading device always maintains a constant relative position during the swing of the turntable and the CNC milling head, thereby realizing follower loading.
[0039] As shown in Figure 4(c), the loading device includes a connecting block 112, a connecting plate 113, eccentric wheel loading mechanisms 114, tension and compression sensors 115, a loading support plate 116, and a triaxial force sensor 117. The connecting block 112 is bolted to the bottom tooling turntable 108 of the follower slide 105. The three eccentric wheel loading mechanisms 114 are distributed around the connecting block 112 via the connecting plate 113 at their tops, and connected to the loading support plate 116 via the tension and compression sensors 115 at their bottoms. The bottom of the loading support plate 116 is placed on a universal mounting bracket for the CNC milling head and spindle. The device 4 or the special mounting device 5 for rotating platform is used for the connection between the functional component under test and the loading device. The three eccentric wheel loading mechanisms 114 apply forces in three different directions to the functional component under test to achieve three-dimensional static / dynamic force loading on the functional component under test. A three-dimensional force sensor 117 is placed inside the loading support plate 116 to monitor the magnitude of the three-dimensional static / dynamic force on the functional component under test. Tension and compression sensors 115 are placed at the bottom of each eccentric wheel loading mechanism 114 to monitor the magnitude of the static / dynamic force output by each eccentric wheel loading mechanism 114.
[0040] As shown in Figure 5, the universal mounting device 4 for CNC milling heads and spindles includes a rotary table 401, a mounting bracket 402, a milling head mounting box 403, a spindle mounting box 404, and a simulated tool holder 405. One side of the rotary table 401 is fixed to the upper surface of the vibrator 3, and the other side is connected to the mounting bracket 402 by bolts. The milling head mounting box 403 and the spindle mounting box 404 are used to place the CNC milling head and the spindle, respectively. The milling head mounting box 403 and the spindle mounting box 404 are not used simultaneously; one is selected and placed on the mounting bracket 402 according to loading requirements. The bottom of the simulated tool holder 405 engages with the CNC milling head or spindle, and the top is connected to the loading support plate 116.
[0041] As shown in Figure 6, the special mounting device 5 for the rotary table includes a base 501, a rotary table mounting bracket 502, and a loading block 503. The base 501 is fixedly connected to the vibrator 3 by bolts. The bottom of the rotary table mounting bracket 502 is connected to the base 501, and the rotary table is placed on top. The rotary table mounting bracket 502 is provided with a pad 504, and the installation height of the CNC rotary table can be adjusted by replacing the pad 504. At the same time, a ball screw 505 is provided in the middle, and the width of the rotary table mounting bracket can be adjusted by rotating the ball screw 505 according to the size of the rotary table. The top of the loading block 503 is connected to the loading support plate 116, and the bottom is fixedly connected to the rotary table plane by bolts.
[0042] Example 1
[0043] This embodiment uses a certain type of CNC milling head and a certain signal CNC rotary table as examples to explain the device and its usage in detail:
[0044] The first CNC milling head weighs 1150kg and has overall dimensions of 685*685*1409mm. Its spindle torque is 318Nm, maximum speed is 7000rpm, and A-axis rotation range is ±105°. The second CNC milling head weighs 2400kg and has overall dimensions of 2209*325*635mm. Its C-axis maximum speed is 100rpm, A-axis swing range is ±120°, and maximum speed is 50rpm.
[0045] Before the test begins, as shown in Figure 1, the turntable 401 is fixed to the upper surface of the vibrator 3, and a mounting bracket 402 is placed above the turntable 401. The milling head mounting box 403 is placed on the mounting bracket 402. Then, the top door of the high and low temperature loading device 2 is opened, and the CNC milling head is placed on the milling head mounting box 403 by a crane and locked with bolts. At the same time, the simulated tool holder 405 is placed on the CNC milling head. The drive device 1, which is driven to move along the support guide rail 102, moves to above the CNC milling head. The follower slide reducer motor 111 inside the follower slide 105 rotates, driving the internal arc rack 104 to move the loading device along the arc guide rail 103 until the triaxial force sensor 117 inside the loading support plate 116 in the loading device is coaxial with the simulated tool holder 405. Then, the loading support plate 116 and the simulated tool holder 405 are fixed together with bolts, so that the loading support plate 116 is stably placed on the CNC milling head. Finally, all the doors of the high and low temperature loading device 2 are closed to start the test.
[0046] During the test, the vibrator 3 was turned on, with a vibration amplitude of 1mm and a vibration frequency of 65Hz; the high and low temperature loading device 2 was turned on, with a circulating temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃; the CNC milling head under test was started, with the spindle speed set to 3000rpm and the A-axis oscillation speed set to 105° / min; the rotary table 401 was started, with its speed set to 10rpm, driving the C-axis of the milling head to rotate, ensuring that the loading conditions were more in line with the actual working conditions, so that all positions of the milling head could be loaded; the following static / dynamic force loading device 1 was started, with the feed speed of the following slide 105 set to... The milling head A-axis oscillation is set to 105° / min to follow the movement of the milling head. The three eccentric wheel loading mechanisms 114 drive the CNC milling head to apply a dynamic force of 200N in the X / Y / Z directions simultaneously. The force change frequency is 30Hz. After the "heat-vibration-dynamic force" combination is continuously loaded for 120min, the exciter 3, the high and low temperature loading device 2 and the static / dynamic force loading device 1 are turned off to stop the movement of the CNC milling head. The accuracy degradation data of the CNC system is tested and recorded. The above process is repeated until the loading time reaches 150h. The spindle loading process is similar to the above steps and will not be described in detail.
[0047] After the CNC milling head is loaded, disconnect the connection between the loading device and the CNC milling head, drive the static / dynamic force loading device 1 away from the CNC milling head, open the top door of the high and low temperature loading device 2, use a crane to move the CNC milling head away from the milling head mounting box 403, and remove the universal mounting device 4 for the CNC milling head and spindle.
[0048] Subsequently, as shown in Figure 3, the lower surface of the base 501 is connected to the upper surface of the vibrator 3 with bolts. Simultaneously, the rotating platform mounting bracket 502 is placed on the upper surface of the base 501. A 300mm height shim 504 is selected according to the size of the CNC rotating platform to adjust the mounting height. The length of the mounting bracket is adjusted to 2300mm using the ball screw 505 inside the CNC rotating platform mounting bracket 502 to accommodate the size of the CNC rotating platform. Then, the top door of the high and low temperature loading device 2 is opened, and the CNC rotating platform is placed on the CNC rotating platform mounting bracket 502 using a crane. The loading block 503 is then placed on the rotating platform of the CNC rotating platform. Simultaneously, the connection is secured with bolts; then, the dynamic / static force loading device 1 is driven to move along the support base guide rail 102 to the top of the CNC rotary table, and at the same time, the follower slide reducer motor 111 inside the follower slide 105 is driven to rotate, driving the internal arc rack 104 to drive the loading device to move along the arc guide rail 103 until the lower surface of the loading support plate 116 in the loading device is parallel to the upper surface of the loading block 503. Then, the loading support plate 116 and the loading block 503 are secured with bolts, so that the loading support plate 116 is stably placed on the CNC rotary table; finally, all the doors of the high and low temperature loading device 2 are closed, and the test begins.
[0049] During the test, the vibrator 3 was turned on with a vibration amplitude of 0.5 mm and a vibration frequency of 65 Hz; the high and low temperature loading device 2 was turned on with a cyclic temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃; the CNC rotary table under test was started, with the C-axis speed set to 30 rpm and the A-axis speed set to 500° / min; the static / dynamic force loading device 1 was started, with the feed speed of the follower slide 105 set to 500° / min to follow the swing of the rotary table A, while the tooling rotary table at the bottom of the follower slide was simultaneously activated. The rotation speed is set to 30 rpm to follow the rotation of the C-axis of the rotary table; the three eccentric wheel loading mechanisms 114 drive the CNC milling head to apply a dynamic force of 300N in the X / Y / Z directions simultaneously, with a force change frequency of 30Hz. After the "heat-vibration-dynamic force" combination is continuously loaded for 120 minutes, the exciter 3, the high and low temperature loading device 2 and the dynamic / static force loading device 1 are turned off, the CNC rotary table movement is stopped, the rotary table accuracy degradation data is tested and recorded, and the above process is repeated until the loading time reaches 150 hours.
Claims
1. An accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components, characterized in that, The accelerated testing device for the precision retention of machine tool rotary axis components includes a stress loading section and a functional component installation section. The stress loading section includes a static / dynamic force loading device (1), a high and low temperature loading device (2), and a vibrator (3), which simultaneously meet the requirements of three-dimensional static / dynamic force, vibration load, and temperature load cyclic loading for three different types of functional components: spindle, CNC milling head, and rotary table. The functional component installation section includes a universal installation device for CNC milling head and spindle (4) and a special installation device for rotary table (5). By changing the installation device, the rapid installation of three different types of machine tool rotary axis functional components, namely spindle, CNC milling head, and rotary table, can be achieved. The following static / dynamic force loading device (1) mainly consists of a follower device and a loading device; The follower device includes a support base (101), a support base guide rail (102), an arc-shaped guide rail (103), an arc-shaped rack (104), a follower slide (105), a rack (106), and a reduction motor (107); wherein, the support base (101) is mounted on the support base guide rail (102), there are two support base guide rails (102), and a rack (106) parallel to the support base guide rail (102) is provided next to it. The rack (106) engages with the cylindrical gear at the bottom of the support base (101) and is driven by the reduction motor (107) to move the support base (101) along the support base guide rail (102) and adaptively adjust its position according to the size of the functional component being measured; the follower slide (105) 5) A tooling turntable (108) is provided at the bottom for fixed connection with the loading device. The rotation speed of the tooling turntable (108) is adaptively adjusted according to the loading requirements of the turntable in the swing table, so as to drive the loading device to rotate and follow. The arc-shaped guide rail (103) and the arc-shaped rack (104) are fixed on the support seat (101) and cooperate with the guide rail slider (109) and the cylindrical gear (110) on the top of the follower slide (105) respectively. By driving the follower slide reducer motor (111) on the follower slide (105), the loading device is driven to make a circular motion along the arc-shaped guide rail (103), so as to ensure that the loading device always maintains a constant relative position during the swing of the turntable and the CNC milling head, thereby realizing follower loading.
2. The accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading device includes a connecting block (112), a connecting plate (113), an eccentric wheel loading mechanism (114), a tension / compression sensor (115), a loading support plate (116), and a triaxial force sensor (117). The connecting block (112) is bolted to the tooling turntable (108) at the bottom of the follower slide (105). The tops of the three eccentric wheel loading mechanisms (114) are evenly fixed around the connecting block (112) via the connecting plate (113). The bottoms of the eccentric wheel loading mechanisms (114) are connected to the loading support plate (116) via the tension / compression sensor (115). The bottom of the support plate (116) is placed on the universal mounting device (4) for CNC milling head and spindle or the special mounting device (5) for rotary table, and is used for the connection between the functional component under test and the loading device. Three different forces are applied to the functional component under test through three eccentric loading devices to realize the three-dimensional static / dynamic force loading on the functional component under test. A three-dimensional force sensor (117) is placed inside the loading support plate (116) to monitor the magnitude of the three-dimensional static and dynamic forces on the functional component under test. Tension and compression sensors (115) are used to monitor the magnitude of the static and dynamic forces output by each eccentric wheel loading mechanism (114).
3. The accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high and low temperature loading device (2) is a bellows, which is used to install functional components. The top and side of the bellows are respectively provided with a door. The functional component to be tested is put into the high and low temperature loading device (2) through the top door. The operator performs assembly and debugging work through the side door. When all the doors of the high and low temperature loading device (2) are closed, the high and low temperature loading device (2) applies hot and cold air to the interior through the internal air vent, causing the internal space temperature to change periodically.
4. The accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The universal mounting device (4) for CNC milling head and spindle includes a turntable (401), a mounting bracket (402), a mounting box, and a simulated tool holder (405); wherein, the bottom of the turntable (401) is fixed to the upper surface of the vibrator (3), and its upper surface is connected to the mounting bracket (402); the mounting box is divided into a milling head mounting box (403) and a spindle mounting box (404), which are used to place the CNC milling head and the spindle respectively. The two are not used at the same time. One of them is selected to be placed on the mounting bracket (402) according to the loading requirements; the bottom of the simulated tool holder (405) is engaged with the CNC milling head or the spindle, and the top is connected to the loading support plate (116).
5. The accelerated testing device for the accuracy retention of machine tool rotary axis components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The special mounting device (5) for the rotating platform includes a base (501), a rotating platform mounting bracket (502), and a loading block (503). The base (501) is fixedly connected to the vibrator (3) by bolts. The bottom of the rotating platform mounting bracket (502) is connected to the base (501), and the rotating platform is placed on the top. The rotating platform mounting bracket (502) is provided with a pad (504). The installation height of the rotating platform is adjusted by replacing the pad (504). A ball screw (505) is provided between the two rotating platform mounting brackets (502). The width of the rotating platform mounting bracket (502) is adjusted by rotating the ball screw (505) according to the size of the rotating platform. The top of the loading block (503) is connected to the loading support plate (116), and its bottom is fixedly connected to the rotating platform plane of the rotating platform by bolts.
6. A method for testing the accuracy retention acceleration testing device for machine tool rotary axis components according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the following steps: The following are the instructions for using loads on CNC milling heads or spindles: (1) Fix the turntable (401) to the upper surface of the vibrator (3), place the mounting bracket (402) on the turntable (401), and place the milling head mounting box (403) or spindle mounting box (404) on the mounting bracket (402) according to the loading requirements; (2) Open the door at the top of the high and low temperature loading device (2), use the crane to place the CNC milling head on the milling head mounting box (403) and lock it with bolts, and at the same time place the simulated tool holder (405) on the CNC milling head, or use the crane to place the spindle on the spindle mounting box (404) and lock it with bolts, and at the same time place the simulated tool holder (405) on the spindle; (3) Drive the static / dynamic force loading device (1) to move along the support base guide rail (102) to the top of the CNC milling head or spindle, and at the same time drive the follower slide reducer motor (111) inside the follower slide (105) to rotate, drive the arc rack (104) to drive, so that the loading device moves along the arc guide rail (103) until the triaxial force sensor (117) inside the loading support plate (116) in the loading device is coaxial with the simulated tool holder (405). Then, use bolts to fix the loading support plate (116) and the simulated tool holder (405) so that the loading support plate (116) is stably placed on the CNC milling head or spindle. (4) Close the high and low temperature loading device (2) All compartment doors and start the test.
7. A method for testing the accuracy retention acceleration testing device for machine tool rotary axis components according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the following steps: The method for loading a rotating pendulum is as follows: (1) Connect the lower surface of the base (501) to the upper surface of the vibrator (3) with bolts. At the same time, place the swing table mounting bracket (502) on the upper surface of the base (501), and select the appropriate height of the pad (504) according to the size of the swing table. Adjust the mounting bracket to the appropriate width through the ball screw (505) inside the CNC swing table mounting bracket (502). (2) Open the top door of the high and low temperature loading device (2), place the swing platform on the swing platform mounting bracket (502) by the crane, place the loading block (503) on the swing platform and fix it with bolts; (3) Drive the following static / dynamic force loading device (1) to move along the support base guide rail (102) to the top of the swing table, and at the same time drive the following slide plate reduction motor (111) inside the following slide plate (105) to rotate, drive the arc rack (104) to move the loading device along the arc guide rail (103) until the lower surface of the loading support plate (116) in the loading device is parallel to the upper surface of the loading block (503). Then use bolts to fix the loading support plate (116) and the loading block (503) so that the loading support plate (116) is stably placed on the swing table. (4) Close the high and low temperature loading device (2) All compartment doors and start the test.