Photovoltaic module and method for manufacturing photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. Provided are a photovoltaic module and a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises: a cell encapsulation plate having a light-receiving side and a back side opposite each other; and a panel disposed on the light-receiving side of the cell encapsulation plate. The panel comprises: a substrate having a light-receiving surface and a back surface opposite each other; and a first roughened layer disposed on the light-receiving surface of the substrate, wherein the roughness of the first rough layer is a target roughness, and the target roughness is greater than or equal to 0.6 um and less than or equal to 1.0 um. The photovoltaic module of the present application solves the problem of light pollution caused by glare of photovoltaic modules, improves the light transmittance of the panel such that more light can be transmitted to the cell encapsulation plate, makes dust less likely to adhere to the panel of the photovoltaic module and enhances the dust accumulation resistance of the photovoltaic module, and improves the impact resistance strength of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Photovoltaic modules and their manufacturing methods

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on April 17, 2025, with application number 2025104903123 and entitled "Photovoltaic Module", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and more specifically, to a photovoltaic module and a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0003] Photovoltaic modules are used for photovoltaic power generation. They can directly convert the energy of solar radiation into electrical energy. Therefore, photovoltaic modules are installed on rooftops or other locations where the sun shines directly on them.

[0004] The inventors noted that in related technologies, photovoltaic modules installed on rooftops reflect sunlight to a certain extent, which can easily cause glare and result in light pollution.

[0005] Application content

[0006] This application aims to address the problem of light pollution caused by glare from photovoltaic modules in existing or related technologies.

[0007] Therefore, this application proposes a photovoltaic module and a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module.

[0008] In view of the above, a photovoltaic module is proposed according to a first aspect of this application, comprising: a battery encapsulation plate having opposing light-receiving side and back-light side; a panel disposed on the light-receiving side of the battery encapsulation plate, the panel comprising: a substrate having opposing light-receiving surface and back-light surface, the back-light surface of the substrate facing the battery encapsulation plate; and a first roughening layer disposed on the light-receiving surface of the substrate, the roughness of the first roughening layer being a target roughness, the target roughness being greater than or equal to 0.6 μm and less than or equal to 1.0 μm.

[0009] The second aspect of this application discloses a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, the method comprising: etching and chemically polishing a substrate to form a first roughening layer on the surface of the substrate.

[0010] In this application's technical solution, the photovoltaic module includes a battery encapsulation plate and a panel. The panel is mounted on the light-receiving side of the battery encapsulation plate, and light is transmitted through the panel to the battery encapsulation plate. A first roughening layer is provided on the light-receiving surface of the panel. This first roughening layer can reduce the panel's reflection of light, thereby reducing the glare on the light-receiving surface of the panel. Furthermore, since the panel is located on the light-receiving side of the battery encapsulation plate, the photovoltaic module equipped with the panel has good anti-glare performance, solving the problem of light pollution caused by glare from photovoltaic modules. The target roughness value of the first roughening layer of the panel is greater than or equal to 0.6 μm and less than or equal to 1.0 μm, which can further improve the light transmittance of the panel, allowing more light to be transmitted to the battery encapsulation plate. Additionally, the panel surface has lower friction, making it less likely for dust to adhere to the photovoltaic module's panel, improving the photovoltaic module's dust resistance. Moreover, due to the panel's high impact resistance, the impact resistance of the photovoltaic module is improved.

[0011] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0013] Figure 1 shows one of the structural schematic diagrams of a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0014] Figure 2 shows a second schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0015] Figure 3 shows one of the structural schematic diagrams of the panel provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0016] Figure 4 shows a second schematic diagram of the structure of the panel provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0017] Figure 5 shows a third schematic diagram of the structure of the panel provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0018] Figure 6 shows a fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the panel provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 7 shows a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 8 shows a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0021] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 100 panel, 110 substrate, 112 light-receiving surface, 114 backlight surface, 120 first roughening layer, 130 second roughening layer, 140 particle structure, 200 photovoltaic module, 210 cell encapsulation plate, 212 light-receiving side, 214 backlight side, 220 backplate, 230 encapsulation film. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, these embodiments and the features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0023] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] A photovoltaic module according to some embodiments of this application is described below with reference to Figures 1 to 8.

[0025] According to one embodiment of this application, Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application, Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application, Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a panel provided in some embodiments of this application, and Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a panel provided in some embodiments of this application. As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, a photovoltaic module 200 is proposed, including: a battery encapsulation plate 210, the battery encapsulation plate 210 having a light-receiving side 212 and a backlight side 214; a panel 100, the panel 100 being disposed on the light-receiving side 212 of the battery encapsulation plate 210, the panel including: a substrate 110, the substrate 110 having a light-receiving surface 112 and a backlight surface 114; a first roughening layer 120, the first roughening layer 120 being disposed on the light-receiving surface 112 of the substrate 110, the roughness of the first roughening layer 120 being a target roughness, the target roughness being greater than or equal to 0.6 μm and less than or equal to 1.0 μm.

[0026] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module 200 includes a battery encapsulation plate 210 and a panel 100. The panel 100 is mounted on the light-receiving side 212 of the battery encapsulation plate 210, and light is transmitted through the panel 100 into the battery encapsulation plate 210.

[0027] It should be noted that the battery packaging board 210 is a photovoltaic cell, that is, a semiconductor element that generates an electromotive force under the irradiation of light.

[0028] In this embodiment, the light-receiving surface 112 of the panel 100 is provided with a first rough layer 120, and the panel 100 is assembled on the light-receiving side 212 of the battery encapsulation plate 210, so that the assembled photovoltaic module 200 has good anti-glare performance.

[0029] In this embodiment, the panel 100 includes a substrate 110 and a first roughening layer 120 disposed on the substrate 110, the first roughening layer 120 being located on the light-receiving surface 112 of the substrate 110. The panel 100 can serve as an upper support layer for the photovoltaic module 200; that is, the panel 100 is disposed on the light-receiving surface 112 of the battery encapsulation plate 210, reducing the reflection of sunlight by the photovoltaic module 200. Furthermore, the panel 100 with the first roughening layer 120 is in an exposed state, making it less prone to dust accumulation compared to a panel 100 with a smooth surface.

[0030] Specifically, the first roughening layer 120 is integrally formed with the substrate 110, which can be a glass substrate. The first roughening layer 120 is formed on the light-receiving surface 112 of the substrate 110 by etching and polishing the glass substrate. When setting the first roughening layer 120, there is no need to perform coating or other operations on the substrate 110, which simplifies the production steps.

[0031] In this embodiment, the target roughness of the first roughening layer 120 is greater than or equal to 0.6 μm and less than or equal to 1.0 μm. It is understood that by setting the target roughness to 0.6 μm or higher, the light-receiving surface 112 of the panel 100 has sufficient roughness to reduce overall light reflection by the panel 100. Setting the target roughness to less than or equal to 1.0 μm avoids the adverse effects of excessively rough texture on the light transmittance of the panel 100. This achieves both maintaining the light transmittance of the panel 100 and reducing its reflectivity, thereby reducing the glare caused by the panel 100 being placed on the photovoltaic module 200.

[0032] For example, the substrate 110 may be ultra-white glass.

[0033] For example, the target roughness can be selected as 0.8 μm.

[0034] The following table illustrates the impact of target roughness on panel transmittance and the impact of target roughness on the 200 ohm power of photovoltaic modules, based on experimental data:

[0035] Table 1

[0036] As can be seen from Table 1 above, setting the target roughness of panel 100 to 0.6μm to 1.0μm results in higher light transmittance and lower haze compared to setting the target roughness to 1.6μm to 3.0μm. Furthermore, when panel 100 with a target roughness of 0.6μm to 1.0μm is used in photovoltaic module 200, the photovoltaic module 200 achieves higher power output.

[0037] It should be noted that the panel 100 can be installed within the photovoltaic module 200, i.e., on the solar panel, to reduce glare from the solar panel. The panel 100 can also be installed on a display screen or touchscreen to improve the visual effect and user experience of the display screen or touchscreen.

[0038] The following table, based on experimental data, illustrates the effect of target roughness on the panel's dust accumulation prevention:

[0039] Table 2

[0040] As shown in Table 2 above, photovoltaic modules 200 with a target roughness of 0.6μm to 1.0μm on the panel 100 exhibit a lower power loss (only 4%) after 3 months of outdoor placement, compared to photovoltaic modules 200 with a target roughness of 1.6μm to 3.0μm and those with a target roughness of 0.1μm to 0.5μm. It is understandable that setting the target roughness to 0.6μm to 1.0μm allows the panel 100 to better reduce the impact of dust accumulation on the power of the photovoltaic module 200, thus improving the dust-proof effect of the photovoltaic module 200 with this panel 100.

[0041] The following table, based on experimental data, illustrates the effect of target roughness on the impact resistance of panel 100, as shown in Table 3:

[0042] Table 3

[0043] As can be seen from Table 3 above, in the drop test of a 500g steel ball on the panel, the panel 100 with a target roughness set between 0.6μm and 1.0μm has higher impact resistance than the panel 100 with a target roughness set between 1.6μm and 3.0μm. Therefore, setting the target roughness between 0.6μm and 1.0μm can effectively improve the impact resistance of the panel 100.

[0044] In this embodiment, by etching and polishing the substrate 110, a first roughening layer 120 is formed on the light-receiving surface 112 of the substrate 110. The target roughness of the first roughening layer of the panel is set to be greater than or equal to 0.6 μm and less than or equal to 1.0 μm. This improves the light transmittance of the panel 100, reduces its reflectivity, and decreases the friction on the surface of the panel 100. By increasing the light transmittance of the panel 100, the light transmission through the first roughening layer 120 is improved. When the panel 100 is used in a photovoltaic module 200, more light can be transmitted to the battery encapsulation plate 210. Furthermore, by improving the utilization rate of light energy and reducing the reflectivity of the panel 100, less light is reflected from the panel 100. Additionally, by reducing light pollution caused by glare from the panel 100, the friction on the surface of the panel 100 is further reduced, making it less prone to dust adhesion, thus improving the anti-dust accumulation capability of the panel 100 and enhancing its impact resistance. Furthermore, the target roughness corresponding to the first rough layer 120 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.6μm and less than or equal to 1.0μm, so that the panel 100 can maintain good light transmittance while also having good anti-glare effect and being less prone to dust accumulation.

[0045] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module 200 includes a battery encapsulation plate 210 and a panel 100. The panel 100 is mounted on the light-receiving side 212 of the battery encapsulation plate 210, and light is transmitted into the battery encapsulation plate 210 through the panel 100. A first roughening layer 120 is provided on the light-receiving surface 112 of the panel 100. The first roughening layer 120 can reduce the reflection effect of the panel 100 on light, thereby reducing the glare of the light-receiving surface 112 of the panel 100. Since the panel 100 is located on the light-receiving side 212 of the battery encapsulation plate 210, the photovoltaic module 200 equipped with the panel 100 has good anti-glare performance, solving the problem of light pollution caused by glare from the photovoltaic module 200. Furthermore, the target roughness of the first rough layer 120 of the panel 100 is greater than or equal to 0.6 μm and less than or equal to 1.0 μm, which can further improve the light transmittance of the panel 100, allowing more light to be transmitted to the battery encapsulation plate 210. In addition, the friction of the surface of the panel 100 is smaller, making it less likely for dust to adhere to the panel 100 of the photovoltaic module 200, thus improving the dust resistance of the photovoltaic module 200. Moreover, since the panel 100 has high impact resistance, the impact resistance of the photovoltaic module 200 is improved.

[0046] Figure 5 shows a third schematic diagram of the structure of the panel provided in some embodiments of this application, and Figure 6 shows a fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the panel provided in some embodiments of this application. As shown in Figures 1 to 6, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 200 may optionally include: a second roughening layer 130 disposed on the back surface 114 of the substrate 110, wherein the roughness of the second roughening layer 130 is a target roughness.

[0047] In this embodiment, a second roughening layer 130 may also be provided on the backlight surface 114 of the substrate 110, and the second roughening layer 130 is also a rough texture layer obtained by etching and polishing the substrate 110. Since the roughness of the second roughening layer 130 is in the same range as the target roughness of the first roughening layer 120, the light-receiving surface 112 and the backlight surface 114 of the substrate 110 can be processed simultaneously when etching and polishing the substrate 110, thereby improving the anti-glare performance of the panel 100 and reducing the number of operation steps in the panel 100 manufacturing process.

[0048] It should be noted that when assembling the panel 100 and the battery encapsulation plate 210, since the second rough layer 130 is located on the back surface 114 of the panel 100, that is, the second rough layer 130 is in contact with the battery encapsulation plate 210, the second rough layer 130 can provide a gap between the panel 100 and the battery encapsulation plate 210, reducing the generation of air bubbles between the panel 100 and the battery encapsulation plate 210 during encapsulation.

[0049] In this embodiment, by providing a second roughening layer 130 on the backlight surface 114 of the substrate 110, and setting the roughness of the second roughening layer 130 to a target roughness consistent with the first roughening layer 120 on the light-receiving surface 112, the anti-glare performance of the panel 100 is further improved without increasing the number of operation steps in the panel 100 manufacturing process. At the same time, air bubbles are avoided between the panel 100 and the battery encapsulation plate 210 when the panel 100 is encapsulated, thereby improving the yield of the photovoltaic module 200.

[0050] As shown in Figures 1 to 4, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 200 may optionally include:

[0051] The particle structure 140 is etched onto the light-receiving surface 112 and the back-lighting surface 114 of the substrate 110 to form a first rough layer 120 on the light-receiving surface 112 of the substrate 110 and a second rough layer 130 on the back-lighting surface 114 of the substrate 110.

[0052] In this embodiment, the light-receiving surface 112 and the backlight surface 114 of the substrate 110 are both etched with particle structures 140. The particle structures 140 form a first rough layer 120 and a second rough layer 130 on the light-receiving surface 112 and the backlight surface 114 of the substrate 110, respectively, thereby obtaining the panel 100.

[0053] Specifically, the substrate 110 is etched in a frosting solution. During the etching process, both the light-receiving surface 112 and the backlight surface 114 of the substrate 110 form a granular structure 140. After cleaning the etched substrate 110, it is then placed in an etching bath for chemical polishing. The chemical polishing process ensures that the roughness of the first rough layer 120 on the light-receiving surface 112 and the second rough layer 130 on the backlight surface 114 of the substrate 110 are both at the target roughness, thereby completing the fabrication of the panel 100.

[0054] In this embodiment, by simultaneously etching and polishing the light-receiving surface 112 and the backlight surface 114 of the substrate 110, the first rough layer 120 of the light-receiving surface 112 and the second rough layer 130 of the backlight surface 114 of the panel 100 can be formed simultaneously, ensuring the consistency of the first rough layer 120 and the second rough layer 130. This also simplifies the manufacturing process of the panel 100, reduces the production cost of the panel 100, and facilitates industrial production.

[0055] In some embodiments, the transmittance of the substrate 110 may optionally range from 85% to 100%.

[0056] In this embodiment, the light transmittance of the substrate 110 is set to be greater than or equal to 85% and less than or equal to 100%, so that the panel 100 processed based on the substrate 110 has good light transmittance. When the panel 100 is disposed on the photovoltaic module 200, the transmittance of sunlight in the panel 100 is improved, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 200.

[0057] In some embodiments, the panel 100 may optionally include at least one of the following: a flat panel, a curved panel.

[0058] In this embodiment, the panel 100 can be either a planar shape or a curved shape, so that the panel 100 can be adapted to a variety of products with different shapes.

[0059] For example, when panel 100 is a curved panel, the curved panel can be assembled with a curved battery encapsulation plate 210 to obtain a curved photovoltaic module 200. When panel 100 is a flat panel, the flat panel can be assembled with a flat battery encapsulation plate 210 to obtain a flat photovoltaic module 200.

[0060] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, panel 100 is a planar panel, while as shown in Figures 2 and 4, panel 100 is a curved panel.

[0061] It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the curved photovoltaic module 200 is a "sine wave," which easily concentrates light at the "crest" position, leading to more severe glare at that location. By assembling a panel 100 with a first roughening layer 120 into the curved photovoltaic module 200, the reflectivity at the "crest" position can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the anti-glare performance of the photovoltaic module 200.

[0062] In this embodiment, the panel 100 is set to a planar shape or a curved shape, so that the panel 100 can be adapted to the photovoltaic module 200 with a planar shape or a curved shape, thus broadening the application scenarios of the panel 100. When the panel 100 is applied to the photovoltaic module 200 with a curved shape, the glare of the photovoltaic module 200 can be effectively reduced.

[0063] In some embodiments, the substrate 110 may optionally include at least one of the following: a textured glass plate or a flat glass plate.

[0064] In this embodiment, the substrate 110 can be a textured glass plate or a flat glass plate. The corresponding panel 100 can be obtained by etching and polishing the textured glass plate or the flat glass plate. Since the substrate 110 can be selected from either textured glass plate or flat glass plate, the selection range of the substrate 110 is expanded, thereby reducing the production cost of the panel 100.

[0065] In some embodiments, the thickness of the substrate 110 may optionally range from 2 mm to 4 mm.

[0066] In this embodiment, the thickness of the substrate 110 is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than or equal to 4 mm. By limiting the thickness of the substrate 110 to the above range, the anti-glare performance of the panel 100 can be improved by matching the target roughness of the first rough layer 120 of the light-receiving surface 112 of the substrate 110.

[0067] For example, the thickness of the substrate 110 is 4 mm, specifically, the substrate 110 is selected as 4 mm ultra-white glass.

[0068] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 200 may optionally include a back sheet 220 disposed on the backlight side 214 of the battery encapsulation plate 210, wherein the side of the back sheet 220 facing the battery encapsulation plate 210 is a rough surface.

[0069] Specifically, a third roughening layer is provided on the side of the backplate 220 facing the battery encapsulation plate 210. The photovoltaic module 200 also includes a backplate 220 assembled on the backlight side 214 of the battery encapsulation plate 210, that is, the battery encapsulation plate 210 is assembled between the panel 100 and the backplate 220. The third roughening layer is provided on the side of the backplate 220 facing the battery encapsulation plate 210. When the backplate 220 and the battery encapsulation plate 210 are assembled, since the third roughening layer is located on the backlight side 214 facing the battery encapsulation plate 210, that is, the third roughening layer is in contact with the battery encapsulation plate 210, the third roughening layer can provide a gap between the backplate 220 and the battery encapsulation plate 210, reducing the generation of air bubbles between the backplate 220 and the battery encapsulation plate 210 during encapsulation.

[0070] For example, the roughness of the third rough layer is the target roughness, that is, the back sheet 220 can be produced together with the panel 100, which further reduces the production cost of the photovoltaic module 200.

[0071] As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 200 may optionally include an encapsulating film 230, which is disposed between the battery encapsulation plate 210 and the panel 100, and between the battery encapsulation plate 210 and the backsheet 220.

[0072] In this embodiment, the encapsulating film 230 is used to connect the battery encapsulation plate 210 to the panel 100, and to connect the battery encapsulation plate 210 to the backplate 220. By providing the encapsulating film 230 between the battery encapsulation plate 210 and the panel 100 and backplate 220, the battery encapsulation plate 210 is securely connected to the panel 100 and backplate 220, thereby improving the connection stability of the battery encapsulation plate 210, panel 100, and backplate 220 in the photovoltaic module 200.

[0073] In some embodiments, the battery encapsulation plate 210 may optionally include at least one of the following: a planar battery encapsulation plate and a curved battery encapsulation plate; wherein the shapes of the battery encapsulation plate 210, the front panel 100 and the back panel 220 are matched.

[0074] In this embodiment, the battery encapsulation plate 210 can be planar or curved, meaning the photovoltaic module 200 can be either planar or curved. When the battery encapsulation plate 210 is selected as a planar battery encapsulation plate, the panel 100 is selected as a planar panel, and the back plate 220 is selected as a planar back plate. When the battery encapsulation plate 210 is selected as a curved battery encapsulation plate, the back plate 220 is selected as a curved panel, and the back plate 220 is selected as a curved back plate. Based on the different shapes of the battery encapsulation plate 210, different shapes of the panel 100 and back plate 220 are selected so that the assembled photovoltaic module 200 can be planar or curved, and both planar and curved photovoltaic modules 200 have good anti-glare performance.

[0075] It should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the curved photovoltaic module 200 is a "sine wave," which easily concentrates light at the "crest" position, leading to more severe glare at that location. By assembling a panel 100 with a first roughening layer 120 into the curved photovoltaic module 200, the reflectivity at the "crest" position can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the anti-glare performance of the photovoltaic module 200.

[0076] In this embodiment, the panel 100 is set to a planar shape or a curved shape, so that the panel 100 can be adapted to the photovoltaic module 200 with a planar shape or a curved shape, thus broadening the application scenarios of the panel 100. When the panel 100 is applied to the photovoltaic module 200 with a curved shape, the glare of the photovoltaic module 200 can be effectively reduced.

[0077] According to one embodiment of this application, FIG7 shows a flowchart of a panel manufacturing method provided in some embodiments of this application. As shown in FIG7, a panel manufacturing method is proposed for preparing the panel in any of the above embodiments. The panel manufacturing method includes:

[0078] Step 702: Etch the substrate in a frosting solution to form a granular structure on the substrate.

[0079] In this embodiment, the substrate is immersed in a frosting solution for etching, during which a granular structure is formed on the substrate, and the granular structure is integrally formed with the substrate.

[0080] Step 704: Perform chemical polishing on the etched substrate to form a first rough layer on the light-receiving surface of the substrate, wherein the roughness of the first rough layer is the target roughness.

[0081] The target roughness ranges from 0.6 μm to 1.0 μm.

[0082] In this embodiment, the etched substrate has a granular structure. At this point, the roughness of the light-receiving surface of the substrate may not meet the target roughness requirement. Chemical polishing is performed on the etched substrate to form a first roughening layer on the light-receiving surface that meets the target roughness. Chemical polishing is a method that uses the selective dissolution effect of chemical reagents on uneven areas of the substrate surface to eliminate scratches and smooth the surface. Chemical polishing requires simple equipment and has high production efficiency.

[0083] Specifically, 2mm to 4mm glass is selected as the substrate. First, the substrate is surface-etched using a frosting solution to form a fine, uneven structure, i.e., a granular structure. Then, the substrate with the granular structure is chemically polished to achieve the target roughness on the light-receiving surface, i.e., to form the first roughening layer on the light-receiving surface of the substrate.

[0084] In this embodiment, etching and polishing are performed on the substrate to form a first roughening layer on the light-receiving surface. The target roughness of the first roughening layer is set to be greater than or equal to 0.6 μm and less than or equal to 1.0 μm. This improves the light transmittance of the panel, reduces its reflectivity, and decreases surface friction. By increasing the panel's light transmittance, the first roughening layer allows for better light transmission. When the panel is used in photovoltaic modules, more light can be transmitted to the battery encapsulation plate. Furthermore, by improving light energy utilization and reducing reflectivity, less light is reflected. Additionally, by reducing light pollution caused by panel glare, surface friction is reduced, making it less prone to dust accumulation and improving the panel's dust resistance. Finally, the impact resistance of the panel is also improved.

[0085] In some embodiments, the duration of the chemical polishing treatment may optionally range from 3 minutes to 20 minutes.

[0086] In this embodiment of the application, the chemical polishing process involves immersing the etched substrate in a chemical solution for polishing. The duration of the chemical polishing process is set to be greater than or equal to 3 minutes and less than or equal to 20 minutes, which enables the formation of a first rough layer on the light-receiving surface of the substrate that meets the target roughness.

[0087] For example, the chemical polishing treatment time is selected as 5 minutes.

[0088] In some embodiments, optionally, a second roughening layer is formed on the back surface of the substrate after chemical polishing, and the roughness of the second roughening layer is the target roughness.

[0089] In this embodiment, during the etching process of the entire substrate, the same granular structure as the light-receiving surface is also formed on the back surface of the substrate. After chemical polishing of the entire substrate, a second roughening layer is formed on the back surface of the substrate. Since the roughness of the second roughening layer is within the same range as the target roughness of the first roughening layer, the light-receiving and back surfaces of the substrate can be processed simultaneously during etching and polishing. This improves the anti-glare performance of the panel while reducing the number of steps in the panel manufacturing process.

[0090] It should be noted that when assembling the panel and the battery encapsulation plate, since the second rough layer is located on the back side of the panel, that is, the second rough layer is in contact with the battery encapsulation plate, the second rough layer can provide a gap between the panel and the battery encapsulation plate, reducing the generation of air bubbles between the panel and the battery encapsulation plate during encapsulation.

[0091] In this embodiment, after overall etching and polishing of the substrate, a second rough layer is formed on the back surface of the substrate, and the roughness of the second rough layer is consistent with the first rough layer on the light-receiving surface. Without increasing the number of operation steps in the panel manufacturing process, the anti-glare performance of the panel is further improved, while avoiding the generation of air bubbles between the panel and the battery encapsulation board when the panel is encapsulated, thereby improving the yield of photovoltaic modules.

[0092] In some embodiments, the panel manufacturing method may optionally include cleaning the etched substrate before and after etching it in the frosting solution, wherein the cleaning process includes at least one of the following: acidic solution cleaning and neutral solution cleaning.

[0093] In this embodiment, the substrate is cleaned before and after being immersed in the frosting solution for etching to remove dust and stains.

[0094] Specifically, before immersing the substrate in the frosting solution for etching, the substrate is first cleaned in a weak acid bath with an acidic solution to remove dust and stains. Then, the substrate is cleaned in a clean water bath with a neutral solution to remove any remaining acidic solution. After etching, the substrate is again cleaned in a clean water bath with a neutral solution to remove any remaining frosting solution, followed by another cleaning in a weak acid bath with an acidic solution to remove dust and stains. After chemical polishing, the substrate is cleaned in a clean water bath, and then air-dried to form the first roughening layer on the light-receiving side of the substrate.

[0095] In this embodiment, by cleaning the substrate with an acidic solution and / or a neutral solution before and after etching, dust and stains on the substrate can be removed before etching and polishing, ensuring the etching and polishing effects of the substrate and further improving the yield of the panel.

[0096] In some embodiments, optionally, after chemically polishing the etched substrate, the panel manufacturing method further includes: performing planar tempering on the substrate to obtain a planar panel; or performing curved bending tempering on the substrate to obtain a curved panel.

[0097] In this embodiment, the panel can be either planar or curved, allowing it to adapt to a variety of products with different shapes.

[0098] Specifically, when the panel is a flat panel, the substrate with the first roughening layer is subjected to planar tempering treatment to give the substrate a planar shape and high strength. When the panel is a curved panel, the substrate with the first roughening layer is subjected to curved bending tempering treatment to give the substrate a curved shape and high strength.

[0099] In this embodiment, the panel is set to a planar shape or a curved shape, so that the panel can be adapted to photovoltaic modules with planar or curved shapes, thus broadening the application scenarios of the panel. When the panel is applied to photovoltaic modules with curved shapes, it can effectively reduce the glare of the photovoltaic modules.

[0100] According to one embodiment of this application, Figure 8 shows a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module provided in some embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 8, a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module is proposed for preparing the photovoltaic module in any of the above embodiments. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module includes:

[0101] Step 801: Select a 4mm ultra-white glass plate as the substrate;

[0102] Step 802: Place the substrate in a weak acid bath for cleaning;

[0103] Step 803: Place the substrate in a clean water tank for cleaning;

[0104] Step 804: Immerse the substrate in a frosting solution for etching to form a granular structure on the light-receiving and backlight-receiving surfaces of the substrate.

[0105] Step 805: Place the substrate in a clean water tank for cleaning;

[0106] Step 806: Place the substrate in a weak acid bath for cleaning;

[0107] Step 807: Place the substrate into the etching bath for chemical polishing for 5 minutes.

[0108] Step 808: The substrate is placed in a clean water tank for cleaning and then air-dried. A first rough layer is formed on the light-receiving surface of the substrate, and a second rough layer is formed on the back-lighting surface.

[0109] The roughness of both the first and second rough layers is the target roughness, and the value of the target roughness ranges from 0.6 μm to 1.0 μm.

[0110] Step 809: Perform glass cutting on the substrate;

[0111] Step 810: Drill holes and grind the edges on the substrate;

[0112] Step 811: Perform planar tempering or curved bending tempering on the substrate to obtain the panel;

[0113] Step 812: The panel and the battery encapsulation board are laminated and encapsulated to obtain a photovoltaic module.

[0114] It should be clarified that in the claims, description, and accompanying drawings of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more objects. Unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description process, not to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have the described specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, these descriptions should not be construed as limitations on this application. The terms "connection," "installation," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection between multiple objects, a detachable connection between multiple objects, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection between multiple objects or an indirect connection between multiple objects through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood based on the specific circumstances of the above data.

[0115] In the claims, description, and accompanying drawings of this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In the claims, description, and accompanying drawings of this application, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0116] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: A battery encapsulation plate having a light-receiving side and a backlight side; A panel, disposed on the light-receiving side of the battery encapsulation plate, the panel comprising: A substrate having a light-receiving surface and a back-lighting surface facing each other, the back-lighting surface of the substrate facing the battery encapsulation plate; A first roughening layer is disposed on the light-receiving surface of the substrate, and the roughness of the first roughening layer is a target roughness, which is greater than or equal to 0.6 μm and less than or equal to 1.0 μm.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A second roughening layer is disposed on the back surface of the substrate, and the roughness of the second roughening layer is the target roughness.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A granular structure is etched onto the light-receiving surface and the back-light-receiving surface of the substrate to form a first rough layer on the light-receiving surface of the substrate and a second rough layer on the back-light-receiving surface of the substrate.

4. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The transmittance of the substrate ranges from 85% to 100%.

5. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The panel includes at least one of the following: a flat panel and a curved panel.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, When the panel is a curved panel, the curved panel has a sine wave shape.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The substrate includes at least one of the following: a textured glass plate or a flat glass plate.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the substrate ranges from 2 mm to 4 mm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A backplate is disposed on the backlight side of the battery encapsulation plate, wherein the side of the backplate facing the battery encapsulation plate is a rough surface.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that, A third roughening layer is provided on the side of the backplate facing the battery packaging plate, and the roughness of the third roughening layer is the target roughness.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The battery encapsulation board includes at least one of the following: a planar battery encapsulation board, and a curved battery encapsulation board; The shapes of the battery encapsulation plate, the front panel, and the back panel are matched.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes an encapsulating film, which is disposed between the battery encapsulation plate and the front panel, and between the battery encapsulation plate and the back panel.

13. A method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, used to prepare the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The manufacturing method includes: The first rough layer is formed on the surface of the substrate by etching and chemical polishing.

14. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 13, characterized in that, When etching the substrate, the fabrication method includes: The substrate is placed in a frosting solution to complete the etching process.

15. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 13, characterized in that, Before the etching process is performed on the substrate, the fabrication method includes: The substrate is cleaned.

16. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 15, characterized in that, The process of cleaning the substrate includes: The substrate was placed in a weakly acidic solution and a neutral solution in sequence.

17. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 13, characterized in that, After the etching process is performed on the substrate, the fabrication method includes: The substrate is cleaned.

18. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 17, characterized in that, The cleaning process for the substrate includes: The substrate was placed in a neutral solution and a weakly acidic solution in sequence.

19. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 13, characterized in that, The chemical polishing treatment lasts for 3 to 20 minutes.

20. The method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 19, characterized in that, After the substrate has undergone the chemical polishing treatment, the fabrication method includes: The substrate is placed in a clean water tank for cleaning.

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