Shaft part machining method and shaft part

Abstract

Provided in the present invention are a shaft part machining method and a shaft part. The shaft part comprises a shaft body and a first hole, the first hole being arranged on the shaft body. The first hole comprises a straight segment and a connecting segment, the straight segment being parallel to the axis of the shaft body, and the connecting segment being located at an end part of the straight segment and having an included angle with the axis of the shaft body. The machining method comprises: machining a through slot on a blank, wherein the through slot comprises a bottom slot and a fitting slot, the length of the bottom slot is equal to the length of a straight segment, and the fitting slot is located at the end of the bottom slot away from the center line of a shaft body; machining a connecting segment; fitting a cover plate into the fitting slot, clamping the cover plate into the fitting slot by means of a fixture, and welding a gap between the cover plate and the fitting slot, so as to form the straight segment; and turning the outer diameter to the dimension specified in a drawing. By means of machining the through slot on the blank, machining the connecting segment, fitting the cover plate into the fitting slot, clamping the cover plate into the fitting slot by means of the fixture, and welding the gap between the cover plate and the fitting slot to form the straight segment, the first hole is machined without the need to assemble a plurality of shaft segments, thereby achieving better integrity and simple machining, having less effect on the strength of shaft parts, and satisfying the strength requirements thereof.

Description

A machining method for shaft-type parts and shaft-type parts Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and in particular to a machining method for shaft-type parts and shaft-type parts. Background Technology

[0002] A shaft is a cylindrical object that passes through the center of a bearing, wheel, or gear. It is a mechanical part that supports rotating parts and rotates with them to transmit motion, torque, or bending moment. The machining of shaft parts generally includes machining the outer diameter, end face, and holes, grooves, and threads. Common machining methods for the outer diameter and end face include turning, grinding, and various finishing processes; holes, grooves, and threads are generally machined by turning. However, for some shaft parts, the hole is not on the end face, making conventional turning methods impossible.

[0003] In the existing technology, for shaft parts where the hole is not on the end face, a multi-segment shaft splicing method is generally used. The shaft with the hole is processed separately and then spliced ​​with the solid shaft. However, for shaft parts where the hole is not straight or the axis of the hole is not a straight line, there are many splicing positions, which not only makes the processing complicated, but also results in poor overall integrity and has a significant impact on the strength of the shaft parts. Technical issues

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for processing shaft parts and shaft parts in order to solve the technical problem mentioned in the background art of processing shaft parts by splicing multiple shaft segments. For shaft parts with holes that are not straight or whose axis is not a straight line, there are many splicing positions, which not only makes the processing complicated, but also results in poor overall integrity and has a significant impact on the strength of the shaft parts. Technical solutions

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for machining a shaft-type part, the shaft-type part comprising a shaft body and a first hole, the first hole being disposed on the shaft body, the first hole comprising a straight segment and a connecting segment, the straight segment being parallel to the axis of the shaft body, and the connecting segment being located at the end of the straight segment and forming an angle with the axis of the shaft body, the machining method comprising:

[0006] A groove is machined on the blank, the groove including a bottom groove and a snap-fit ​​groove, the length of the bottom groove is equal to the length of the straight segment, and the snap-fit ​​groove is located at the end of the bottom groove away from the center line of the shaft body;

[0007] Process the connecting segment;

[0008] The cover plate is fastened into the fastening groove, and the cover plate is clamped in the fastening groove by a clamp. The gap between the cover plate and the fastening groove is welded to form the straight segment.

[0009] The outer diameter of the machine is made to the dimensions required by the drawing.

[0010] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the process of machining grooves on the blank includes:

[0011] The blank is rough-machined on a lathe to make the outer circle of the blank to a first dimension, which is larger than the dimension required by the drawing.

[0012] A reference plane is obtained by machining both ends of the blank using a CNC milling machine;

[0013] The groove is machined using a CNC milling machine.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the gap between the welding cover plate and the fastening groove is welded by argon arc welding using an external filler wire method.

[0015] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the welding wire used in the argon arc welding is a tungsten electrode with a diameter of 2.4 mm and the current is 200A.

[0016] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the shaft part further includes a second hole, which is a square hole located through the outer wall of the shaft body;

[0017] The processing method further includes:

[0018] The shaft body is machined with two through slots using a segmented wire cutting process, with a support body reserved in the middle;

[0019] Aging treatment is applied to shaft-type parts;

[0020] Cut the intermediate support structure;

[0021] The second hole, obtained by removing the intermediate support and combining it with the two through slots, is then precision machined.

[0022] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the process of machining two through slots on the shaft body using segmented wire cutting technology, with a reserved support in the middle, includes: the width of the through slot is less than the width of the second hole, and a 1mm finishing allowance is reserved on each side of the through slot along the width direction of the second hole; the length of the reserved support in the middle is 1 / 5 of the length of the second hole.

[0023] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the aging treatment of shaft parts includes: reheating the workpiece to 100~150℃ and maintaining it for 16 hours.

[0024] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the shaft part further includes an eccentric hole, which is located on the shaft body and extends from one end of the second hole along the axial direction of the shaft body;

[0025] The machining method further includes: clamping and positioning both ends of the shaft body, and machining the eccentric hole using an eccentric tool.

[0026] Based on the above technical solution, preferably, after the gap between the welding cover plate and the fastening groove, it further includes:

[0027] A pressure test is performed on the weld joint. The pressure test specifically includes: sealing both ends of the first hole, injecting oil into the first hole with a hand pump equipped with a pressure gauge, pressurizing the pressure to the preset pressure value and maintaining the pressure for 1 hour, and observing the change in the pressure value of the pressure gauge.

[0028] Secondly, the present invention provides a shaft-type part manufactured using the shaft-type part processing method described in the first aspect. Beneficial effects

[0029] (1) By machining the groove on the blank, the connecting section is machined, the cover plate is fastened in the fastening groove, the cover plate is clamped in the fastening groove by the clamp, and the gap between the cover plate and the fastening groove is welded to form the straight section, thereby completing the machining of the first hole. It does not require splicing of multiple shafts, has good integrity, and is simple to process. It has little impact on the strength of shaft parts, thus meeting their strength requirements.

[0030] (2) The shaft body is processed with two through slots by segmented wire cutting process, with a support body reserved in the middle. The shaft part is aged and then the middle support body is cut. The second hole obtained by cutting off the middle support body and combining it with the two through slots is precision machined. The above method can avoid deformation of the whole cut slotted workpiece, and the aging treatment can eliminate residual stress.

[0031] (3) By clamping and positioning both ends of the shaft body, the eccentric hole is machined by an eccentric tool to ensure that the positioning reference of the eccentric hole and the first hole are consistent, and to ensure that the parallelism of the axis direction of the machined eccentric hole is better, so as to meet the installation accuracy of the hole position.

[0032] (4) After the gap between the welded cover plate and the fastening groove, the method further includes: performing a pressure test on the welded joint to ensure the sealing and pressure resistance of the welded joint. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of the machining method for shaft-type parts in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is a front view of the shaft-type part in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view AA in Figure 2 of this invention;

[0037] Figure 4 is a side view of a shaft-type part in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of BB in Figure 4 of this invention;

[0039] Figure 6 is a second side view of the shaft-type part in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 is a CC cross-sectional view of Figure 6 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blank after processing and passing through the groove in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the processed blank is welded to the cover plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the through groove after the blank is processed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Shaft body; 2-First hole; 21-Straight segment; 22-Connecting segment; 3-Second hole; 4-Eccentric hole;

[0045] 100-Pass groove, 110-Bottom groove, 120-Snap-fit ​​groove; 200-Cover plate, 300-Through groove; 400-Support body. Embodiments of the present invention

[0046] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Referring to Figures 1-10, a first aspect embodiment of the present invention provides a method for machining a shaft-type part. The shaft-type part includes a shaft body 1 and a first hole 2. The first hole 2 is disposed on the shaft body 1 and is not at the end of the shaft body 1, but is located in the middle of the shaft body 1. The first hole 2 includes a straight segment 21 and a connecting segment 22. The straight segment 21 is parallel to the axis of the shaft body 1, and the connecting segment 22 is located at the end of the straight segment 21 and forms an angle with the axis of the shaft body 1. The machining method includes:

[0048] Step S11: Machining a groove 100 on the blank, the groove 100 including a bottom groove 110 and a snap-fit ​​groove 120, the length of the bottom groove 110 being equal to the length of the straight segment 21, and the snap-fit ​​groove 120 being located at the end of the bottom groove 110 away from the center line of the shaft body 1;

[0049] The bottom groove 110 is closed at one end near the center line of the shaft body 1, and the end away from the center line of the shaft body 1 is connected to the fastening groove 120, which is located on the outer wall of the shaft body 1.

[0050] Step S12: Process the connecting segment 22;

[0051] Step S13: Fasten the cover plate 200 into the fastening groove 120, clamp the cover plate 200 into the fastening groove 120 using a clamp, and weld the gap between the cover plate 200 and the fastening groove 120 to form the straight segment 21.

[0052] Step S14: Turn the outer circle to the dimensions required by the drawing.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first hole 2 has two structures: one is a straight segment 21 and a connecting segment 22; the other is a straight segment 21 and two connecting segments 22, with the two connecting segments 22 located at both ends of the straight segment 21.

[0054] The processing method for shaft parts proposed in this embodiment involves machining a groove 100 on the blank, machining the connecting section 22, fastening the cover plate 200 in the fastening groove 120, clamping the cover plate 200 in the fastening groove 120 using a jig, and welding the gap between the cover plate 200 and the fastening groove 120 to form the straight section 21, thereby completing the processing of the first hole 2. This method eliminates the need for splicing multiple shaft segments, resulting in better overall integrity and simpler processing. It also has minimal impact on the strength of the shaft parts, thus meeting their strength requirements.

[0055] In some embodiments, step S11, which involves machining the groove 100 on the blank, specifically includes:

[0056] The blank is rough-machined on a lathe to make the outer circle of the blank to a first dimension, which is larger than the dimension required by the drawing; in this embodiment, the dimension required by the drawing is a diameter of 80mm, the first machining dimension is 84mm, and a machining allowance of 2mm is reserved.

[0057] A reference plane is obtained by machining both ends of the blank using a CNC milling machine;

[0058] The through groove 100 is machined using a CNC milling machine. The through groove 100 is machined to the dimensions required by the drawing using a CNC milling machine, without leaving any allowance, and is machined to the required position.

[0059] In this embodiment, after machining the groove 100, the cover plate 200 is welded into the groove 100, and then the reserved 2mm machining allowance and the cover plate 200 are machined to achieve the required dimensions in the drawing.

[0060] In some embodiments, step S13, specifically, involves argon arc welding at the gap between the welding cover plate 200 and the fastening groove 120 using an external filler wire method. Using an external filler wire method for argon arc welding ensures a strong weld without porosity, improves the reliability of the device, and ensures that the first hole 2 meets the sealing requirements.

[0061] In some embodiments, the welding wire used in the argon arc welding is a tungsten electrode with a diameter of 2.4 mm, and the current is 200 A. By using a tungsten electrode with a diameter of 2.4 mm as the welding wire and setting the current to 200 A, a high-quality weld can be obtained, ensuring the quality of the welding and thus ensuring that the sealing performance of the first hole 2 meets the requirements.

[0062] In some embodiments, in step S13, after the gap between the welding cover plate 200 and the fastening groove 120, the following steps are also included:

[0063] A pressure test is performed on the weld joint. Specifically, the pressure test includes: sealing both ends of the first hole 2, injecting oil into the first hole 2 using a hand pump with a pressure gauge, increasing the pressure to a preset value, maintaining the pressure for 1 hour, and observing the change in the pressure gauge reading. The preset pressure value can be 20 MPa to meet the pressure requirements. The preset pressure value is set according to specific needs.

[0064] Pressure testing of the weld joint ensures that there is no leakage and guarantees the sealing and pressure resistance of the weld joint.

[0065] In some embodiments, the shaft part further includes a second hole 3, which is a square hole located through the outer wall of the shaft body 1; the second hole 3 is also located in the middle part of the shaft body 1;

[0066] The processing method further includes:

[0067] Step S21: The shaft body 1 is machined with two through slots 300 using a segmented wire cutting process, with a support body 400 reserved in the middle;

[0068] Step S22: Perform aging treatment on shaft-type parts;

[0069] Step S23: Cut the intermediate support 400;

[0070] Step S24: Perform finishing on the second hole 3 obtained by combining the cut-off intermediate support 400 with the two through slots 300.

[0071] The above method can avoid deformation of the workpiece after whole cutting and grooving. The aging treatment can eliminate residual stress and improve the strength and quality of shaft parts.

[0072] In some embodiments, step S21, which involves machining two through slots 300 on the shaft body 1 using a segmented wire cutting process, with a reserved support body 400 in the middle, specifically includes: the width of the through slot 300 is smaller than the width of the second hole 3, and a 1mm finishing allowance is reserved on each side of the through slot 300 along the width direction of the second hole 3; the length of the reserved support body 400 is 1 / 5 of the length of the second hole 3. For example, if the width of the second hole 3 is 58.4, the width of the through slot 300 can be 56.4, with a 1mm machining allowance on each side. After the reserved support body 400 is cut, the 1mm machining allowance on both sides is finished; the length of the reserved support body 400 is 1 / 5 of the length of the second hole 3, ensuring that the reserved support body 400 has sufficient support strength, thereby preventing workpiece deformation.

[0073] In some embodiments, step S22, the aging treatment of the shaft parts specifically includes: reheating the workpiece to 100~150℃ and holding it for 16 hours. After aging treatment with the above parameters, the hardness and strength increase, while the plasticity, toughness, and internal stress decrease, which can improve the quality of the shaft parts.

[0074] In some embodiments, the shaft part further includes an eccentric hole 4, which is located on the shaft body 1 and extends from one end of the second hole 3 along the axial direction of the shaft body 1. The eccentric hole 4 is a stepped hole with a large diameter at both ends and a small diameter in the middle.

[0075] The processing method further includes:

[0076] Step S31: Clamp and position both ends of the shaft body 1, and machine the eccentric hole 4 using an eccentric tool.

[0077] Based on the positioning reference plane, the workpiece is clamped, and the tooling is connected to the machine tool's main cutter head. The main cutter head and the main cutter post are linked through gear transmission. Machining is performed according to the design drawings. Based on the dimensions, tolerances, and surface roughness requirements of the drawings, the tool feed rate is controlled, and the tool's infeed direction is within the second hole 3. The positioning reference plane used for this clamping is consistent with the reference plane used to machine the groove 100 on the blank in step S11, ensuring better parallelism of the axis of the machined eccentric hole 4 and meeting the installation accuracy requirements of the hole position.

[0078] Based on the same concept, a second aspect of the present invention provides a shaft-type part manufactured using the shaft-type part processing method described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0079] The shaft parts provided in this embodiment are machined with the first hole 2, the second hole 3 and the eccentric hole 4 through a simple machining process. There is no need to splice multiple shaft segments, so the integrity is good and the machining is simple. It has little impact on the strength of the shaft parts, thus meeting their strength requirements.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of machining a shaft-like part, wherein, The shaft-like part includes a shaft body and a first hole. The first hole is disposed on the shaft body and includes a straight segment and a connecting segment. The straight segment is parallel to the axis of the shaft body, and the connecting segment is located at the end of the straight segment and forms an angle with the axis of the shaft body. The machining method includes: A groove is machined on the blank, the groove including a bottom groove and a snap-fit ​​groove, the length of the bottom groove is equal to the length of the straight segment, and the snap-fit ​​groove is located at the end of the bottom groove away from the center line of the shaft body; Process the connecting segment; The cover plate is fastened into the fastening groove, and the cover plate is clamped in the fastening groove by a clamp. The gap between the cover plate and the fastening groove is welded to form the straight segment. The outer diameter of the machine is made to the dimensions required by the drawing.

2. The method of machining a shaft-like part according to claim 1, wherein, The process of machining grooves on the blank includes: The blank is rough-machined on a lathe to make the outer circle of the blank to a first dimension, which is larger than the dimension required by the drawing. A reference plane is obtained by machining both ends of the blank using a CNC milling machine; The groove is machined using a CNC milling machine.

3. The method of machining a shaft-like part according to claim 1, wherein, The gap between the welding cover plate and the fastening groove includes: argon arc welding using an external filler wire method.

4. The method of machining a shaft-like part according to claim 3, wherein The welding wire used in the argon arc welding is a tungsten electrode with a diameter of 2.4 mm, and the current is 200A.

5. The method of machining a shaft-like part as set forth in claim 1, wherein The shaft-type part further includes a second hole, which is a square hole located through the outer wall of the shaft body; The processing method further includes: The shaft body is machined with two through slots using a segmented wire cutting process, with a support body reserved in the middle; Aging treatment is applied to shaft-type parts; Cut the intermediate support structure; The second hole, obtained by removing the intermediate support and combining it with the two through slots, is then precision machined.

6. The method of machining a shaft-like part as set forth in claim 5, wherein The process of machining two through slots on the shaft body using segmented wire cutting technology, with a reserved support in the middle, includes: the width of the through slot is less than the width of the second hole, and a 1mm finishing allowance is reserved on each side of the through slot along the width direction of the second hole; the length of the reserved support in the middle is 1 / 5 of the length of the second hole.

7. The method of machining a shaft-like part as set forth in claim 5, wherein The aging treatment of shaft parts includes: reheating the workpiece to 100~150℃ and holding it for 16 hours.

8. The method of machining a shaft-like part as set forth in claim 5, wherein, The shaft-type part further includes an eccentric hole, which is located on the shaft body and extends from one end of the second hole along the axial direction of the shaft body; The machining method further includes: clamping and positioning both ends of the shaft body, and machining the eccentric hole using an eccentric tool.

9. The method of machining a shaft-like part as set forth in claim 1, wherein, After the gap between the welded cover plate and the fastening groove, it also includes: A pressure test is performed on the weld joint. The pressure test specifically includes: sealing both ends of the first hole, injecting oil into the first hole with a hand pump equipped with a pressure gauge, pressurizing the pressure to the preset pressure value and maintaining the pressure for 1 hour, and observing the change in the pressure value of the pressure gauge.

10. A shaft part, wherein Manufactured using the machining method for shaft-type parts as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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