Communication signal-based sensing method, electronic device, and computer program product

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication signal-based sensing method, an electronic device, and a computer program product. The method comprises: a second node receives a beam indication from a first node, and performs sensing on the basis of the beam indication and a communication signal.

Description

Sensing methods, electronic devices, and computer program products based on communication signals

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application is based on and claims priority to Chinese patent application CN202510486252.8, filed on April 17, 2025, entitled "Sensing Method, Electronic Device and Computer Program Product Based on Communication Signals", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a sensing method, electronic device, and computer program product based on communication signals. Background Technology

[0004] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology can simultaneously achieve communication and sensing functions, expanding the functionality and scenarios of cellular communication and becoming a hot technology in 6G. Currently, sensing functions are usually implemented using dedicated sensing signals. The advantage of this approach is that the sensing signals can be specially designed, resulting in more reliable sensing performance. The disadvantage is the additional overhead required for sensing.

[0005] For sensing that utilizes communication signals, the main challenges include beam management, the inability of the sensing receiver to acquire communication signals, and multi-stream issues. Beam management is more complex than pure communication, with key challenges including: ensuring the quality of multiple links, as traditional communication beam management can only guarantee the quality of communication links; and for moving target detection, multiple measurements are needed to extract moving targets using Doppler, making moving target detection highly dependent on phase alignment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure provides a sensing method, electronic device, and computer program product based on communication signals.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a sensing method based on communication signals is provided, comprising: a second node receiving a beam indication from a first node; and the second node performing sensing based on the beam indication and the communication signals.

[0008] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, a network device is also provided, the network device including a receiver, a transmitter, and a processor, the network device being configured to perform the steps of any of the above method embodiments via at least one of the receiver, the transmitter, and the processor.

[0009] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, wherein a computer program is stored therein, wherein the computer program is configured to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments when it is run.

[0010] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0011] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above method embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal based on a sensing method for communication signals according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a sensing method based on communication signals according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0014] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of transmit beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0015] Figure 4 is a flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0016] Figure 5 is a flowchart of unified beam management for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0017] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of transmit beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0018] Figure 7 is a second flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0019] Figure 8 is a flowchart of a unified beam management process for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0020] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the principle of transmit beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0021] Figure 10 is a flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 11 is a flowchart of unified beam management for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the principle of transmit beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 13 is a flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0025] Figure 14 is a flowchart of a unified beam management process for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the principle of transmit beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 16 is a flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0028] Figure 17 is a flowchart of beam management for IAB-node and IAB-donor according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0029] Figure 18 is a flowchart of beam management for IAB-node and IAB-donor according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0030] Figure 19 is a flowchart of beam management for the IAB-node and IAB-donor according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0031] Figure 20 is a flowchart of beam management of IAB-node and IAB-donor according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0033] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0034] The method embodiments provided in this application can be executed in a mobile terminal, computer terminal, or similar computing device. Taking a mobile terminal as an example, FIG1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for a sensing method based on communication signals according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in FIG1, the mobile terminal may include one or more (only one is shown in FIG1) processors 102 (processor 102 may include, but is not limited to, processing devices such as microprocessors MCUs or programmable logic devices FPGAs) and a memory 104 for storing data. The mobile terminal may also include a transmission device 106 for communication functions and an input / output device 108. Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in FIG1 is only illustrative and does not limit the structure of the mobile terminal. For example, the mobile terminal may also include more or fewer components than shown in FIG1, or have a different configuration than shown in FIG1.

[0035] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, such as application software programs and modules, like the computer program corresponding to the communication signal-based sensing method in this embodiment. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, thus implementing the aforementioned method. The memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the mobile terminal via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0036] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by the mobile terminal's communication provider. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a Network Interface Controller (NIC), which can connect to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In another example, the transmission device 106 may be a Radio Frequency (RF) module, used for wireless communication with the Internet.

[0037] This embodiment provides a sensing method based on communication signals. Figure 2 is a flowchart of the sensing method based on communication signals according to this embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, the process includes the following steps:

[0038] In step S202, the second node receives a beam indication from the first node.

[0039] In this embodiment, both the first node and the second node can be UEs (including communication UEs and sensing UEs) or base stations (including BS1 and BS2), corresponding to different situations in different embodiments. In one embodiment, the first node can also be a core network (e.g., sensing function SF). In another embodiment, the first node and the second node can also be special types of terminals, such as IAB-nodes (including IAB-node 1 and IAB-node 2) or IAB-donors.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first node and the second node can correspond to the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver, respectively. In different embodiments, they correspond to different situations, as detailed in the following embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0041] In one exemplary embodiment, the beam indication includes at least one of the beam indication of a sensing link, the beam indication of a communication link, and the beam indication of a reference link.

[0042] In this embodiment of the disclosure, when the communication link beam and the reference link beam are the same, the beam indication of the communication link can be used to represent the beam indication of the reference link. When the communication link beam and the reference link beam are different, a dedicated beam indication of the reference link needs to be used.

[0043] In one exemplary embodiment, before the second node receives beam indication from the first node, the method further includes: the second node receiving a first configuration message from the first node, the first configuration message instructing the second node to perform an uplink (UL) beam scan, so that the first node performs beam measurement based on the beam scan result of the second node. In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node is a base station (BS), and the second node is user equipment (UE).

[0044] In one exemplary embodiment, the first configuration message includes reference signal configuration information. The first configuration message is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals sequentially or simultaneously using a fixed beam and a scanning beam. The fixed beam is used to correct the phase, and the second node is configured to perform at least two beam scans for the moving target extraction task.

[0045] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the above-mentioned reference signal configuration information includes at least one of the following: the location of the reference signal time-frequency resource; the parameters for generating the corresponding sequence; and beam information.

[0046] In one exemplary embodiment, when the first configuration message is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals sequentially using a fixed beam and a scanning beam, the uplink time slot of any scanning beam includes at least one fixed beam; when the first configuration message is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals simultaneously using a fixed beam and a scanning beam, the scanning beam includes a fixed beam.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, the type of beam indication includes sensing beam indication and communication beam indication; the beam indication includes at least one of the following: indicating the identifier of the transmitted beam or indicating the time information corresponding to the transmitted beam; indicating the transmission power of the transmitted beam or the minimum required transmission power.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, when unified beam training is performed for communication and sensing, the first configuration message is further configured to configure the reference signals of the second node under different beam directions in a single beam scan to be on consecutive uplink subframes, and to perform at least two beam scans, with the different beam scans being on different uplink subframes.

[0049] In one exemplary embodiment, before the second node receives a beam indication from the first node, the method further includes: the second node receiving a UL beam measurement request from the first node; and the second node sending a UL beam measurement report to the first node.

[0050] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the first node is the BS and the second node is the sensing user equipment (S-UE).

[0051] In one exemplary embodiment, the UL beam measurement request includes reference signal configuration information and the beam type to be measured, wherein the beam type to be measured includes at least one of the following: a communication beam corresponding to a communication link; a sensing beam corresponding to a sensing link; or a reference beam corresponding to a reference link.

[0052] In one exemplary embodiment, the UL beam measurement report includes at least one of the following: identifiers of one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy / target reflection energy or corresponding time information of the transmit beams; channel quality related information corresponding to one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy / target reflection energy; and an indication of whether the beam corresponding to the reference link / sensing link meets the requirements of the reference link / sensing link or the reason for not meeting them.

[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, when unified beam training is performed for communication and sensing, the UL beam measurement request is further used to configure the reference signals of the second node in different beam directions in a single beam scan to be on consecutive uplink subframes, and to perform at least two beam scans, with the different beam scans being on different uplink subframes.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: a second node receiving a downlink (DL) beam measurement request from a first node; and the second node sending a DL beam measurement report to the first node. In this embodiment, the first node is a BS, and the second node is a UE / C-UE / S-UE, wherein C-UE is a communication user equipment (C-UE).

[0055] In one exemplary embodiment, the DL beam measurement request includes reference signal configuration information and the beam type to be measured. The beam type to be measured includes at least one of the following: a communication beam corresponding to a communication link; a sensing beam corresponding to a sensing link; or a reference beam corresponding to a reference link.

[0056] In this embodiment of the disclosure, a communication link is defined as the link between a communication BS and a communication UE, a sensing link is defined as the link between a sensing target and a sensing BS / UE, and a reference link is defined as the link between a sensing transmitting BS / UE and a sensing receiving BS / UE. Since a BS or UE can perform communication and sensing simultaneously, in some scenarios, the communication link and the reference link can be the same.

[0057] In one exemplary embodiment, the DL beam measurement request is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals sequentially or simultaneously using a fixed beam and a scanning beam, wherein the fixed beam is used to correct the phase, and the second node is configured to perform at least two beam scans for a moving target extraction task.

[0058] In one exemplary embodiment, when the DL beam measurement request is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals sequentially using a fixed beam and a scanning beam, the uplink time slot of any scanning beam includes at least one fixed beam; when the DL beam measurement request is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals simultaneously using a fixed beam and a scanning beam, the scanning beam includes a fixed beam.

[0059] In one exemplary embodiment, the DL beam measurement report includes at least one of the following: identifiers of one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy / target reflection energy or corresponding time information of the transmit beams; channel quality related information corresponding to one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy / target reflection energy; and an indication of whether the beams corresponding to the communication link / reference link / sensing link meet the requirements of the communication link / reference link / sensing link or the reason for not meeting them.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, when unified beam training is performed for communication and sensing, the DL beam measurement request is further used to configure the reference signals of the second node in different beam directions in a single beam scan to be on consecutive uplink subframes, and to perform at least two beam scans, with the different beam scans being on different uplink subframes.

[0061] In step S204, the second node performs sensing based on beam indication and communication signals.

[0062] In one exemplary embodiment, before the second node performs sensing based on beam indication and communication signals, the method further includes: the second node receiving second configuration information from the first node, wherein the second configuration information includes configuration information of the demodulation reference signal of the second node for communication.

[0063] In this embodiment, the first node is a BS or a Sense Function (SF), and the second node is a UE or a BS. In one embodiment, if the second node is BS2, it also includes receiving configuration information from the first node BS1. In one embodiment, if the first node is a UE and the second node is a BS, the second node does not need to receive second configuration information from the first node, because in this case, the second node BS can independently configure or determine the relevant configuration information.

[0064] In one exemplary embodiment, before the second node receives the second configuration information from the first node, the method further includes: the second node receiving an authorization request message from the first node; and the second node sending an authorization response message to the first node, the authorization response message indicating whether the first node can send the second configuration information of the second node used for communication to other second nodes.

[0065] In this embodiment of the disclosure, before the first node sends the second configuration information of the second node used for communication to other second nodes (e.g., the second node used for sensing), the first node needs to request authorization from the second node used for communication. Upon receiving an authorization response message indicating that it can send, the first node then sends the second configuration information of the second node used for communication to other second nodes.

[0066] In one exemplary embodiment, the second configuration information further includes communication link configuration information of the UL / DL of the second node for communication.

[0067] In one exemplary embodiment, if the second node has blind detection capability, the method further includes: the second node receiving a capability request message from the first node and sending a capability reporting message to the first node.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, where the first node is the core network and the second node includes an Integrated Access and Backhaul node (IAB-node) and an Integrated Access and Backhaul node donor (IAB-donor), the method further includes: the first node and the second node exchanging capability information; the first node sending a sensing transmission request to the IAB-donor and receiving a sensing transmission response from the IAB-donor, the sensing transmission response carrying sensing configuration information adopted by the IAB-donor; the first node sending a sensing measurement request to the IAB-node, the sensing measurement request carrying sensing configuration information adopted by the IAB-donor; and the first node receiving a sensing measurement report from the IAB-node.

[0069] In one exemplary embodiment, after the first node sends a sensing transmission request to the IAB-donor, the method further includes: if the IAB-donor sends a sensing transmission request to all IAB nodes, the first node sends a sensing measurement request to the IAB-donor and receives a sensing measurement report from the IAB-donor; or, if the IAB-donor sends a sensing transmission request to some IAB nodes, the first node sends a sensing measurement request to the remaining IAB nodes and receives a sensing measurement report from the remaining IAB-donors.

[0070] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: retransmitting data for communication and / or sensing if a second node for communication and / or sensing needs to retransmit; wherein, in the case of retransmission for both communication and sensing, or retransmission only for sensing, the second node receives sensing indication information from the first node, the sensing indication information being used to indicate that the retransmitted data is for sensing.

[0071] In embodiments of this disclosure, in the event of a retransmission problem caused by the inability to properly demodulate communication and / or sensing, communication data and / or sensing data are retransmitted according to the retransmission requirement, and in cases where sensing data retransmission is included, the retransmitted data is indicated for sensing by an indication message.

[0072] In one exemplary embodiment, the method further includes: when the second node is a base station and the base station is simultaneously communicating and sensing, the base station determines communication resources for sensing, schedules the corresponding UE on the communication resources, and configures the UE to perform beam scanning of a half-array / partial antenna; the base station performs sensing while communicating with the corresponding UE; or, when the second node is a base station and the base station is simultaneously communicating and sensing, the base station determines communication resources for sensing, and configures the UE to perform beam scanning of a half-array / partial antenna; the base station schedules the corresponding UE on the communication resources and performs sensing while communicating with the corresponding UE.

[0073] This disclosure provides a sensing method based on communication signals, in which a second node receives a beam indication from a first node; the second node performs sensing based on the beam indication and the communication signals, solving the problem in related technologies where sensing based on communication signals cannot effectively perform dynamic target detection while ensuring the quality of the communication link, thus achieving the effect of effectively performing dynamic target detection while ensuring the quality of the communication link.

[0074] The communication signal-based sensing method provided in this embodiment can also be executed by a first node, including the following steps: the first node performs beam training to obtain a beam indication; the first node sends the beam indication to a second node, so that the second node can perform sensing based on the beam indication and the communication signal. For details regarding other steps, such as the beam training method, the information / signal transmission / reception method, the information / signal transmission / reception content, and other steps, please refer to the specific steps of the communication signal-based sensing method executed by the second node in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0075] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, or the parts that contribute to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0076] This embodiment also provides a sensing device based on communication signals, which is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0077] The sensing device based on communication signals provided in this embodiment may include a receiving module and a sensing module, wherein the receiving module is configured to receive beam indication from a first node, and the sensing module is configured to perform sensing based on the beam indication and the communication signal.

[0078] The sensing device based on communication signals provided in this disclosure can be installed in UE, BS, etc.

[0079] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the above-mentioned sensing device based on communication signals may further include different modules. The naming and functional division of the modules may also be selected in different ways according to the actual situation, as long as the steps of the above-mentioned sensing method embodiment based on communication signals can be implemented. No specific limitations are made here.

[0080] It should be noted that the above modules can be implemented by software or hardware. For the latter, they can be implemented in the following ways, but are not limited to: all the above modules are located in the same processor; or, the above modules are located in different processors in any combination.

[0081] This disclosure also provides a network device, which includes a receiver, a transmitter, and a processor. The network device is used to perform the steps of the above-described sensing method embodiment based on communication signals through at least one of the receiver, transmitter, and processor.

[0082] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program configured to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments when executed.

[0083] In one exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard disk, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0084] This disclosure also provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program and the processor being configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0085] In one exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0086] This disclosure also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0087] In one exemplary embodiment, the computer program product described above includes a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this application.

[0088] Specific examples in this embodiment can be found in the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0089] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of the embodiments of this disclosure described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. They can be implemented using computer-executable program code, and thus can be stored in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented herein, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0090] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the embodiments disclosed herein, the following description is provided in conjunction with different embodiments.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the beam management process of the communication path, reference path and sensing path is described. The communication path usually uses the path with the strongest energy, the reference path usually uses the path with the strongest energy and is stationary, and the sensing path usually uses the path with the strongest energy reflected by the sensing target.

[0093] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of transmit beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 3, in this embodiment, transmit beam management for UE transmission and BS reception under UL is introduced.

[0094] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the process of sensing based on communication signals includes beam management (or beam training), signal transmission, and sensing. Figure 4 is a flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which includes the following process:

[0095] S1, BS sends a UL beam scanning configuration message (i.e., the first configuration message in the above embodiment) to UE, instructing UE to perform beam scanning. The configuration information includes the time-frequency resource location of the reference signal (such as the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) or Sensing RS), the parameters for generating the corresponding sequence, beam information, etc.

[0096] S2 and UE perform UL beam scanning according to the configuration.

[0097] S3 and BS perform beam measurement and send a beam indication for UL communication to the UE. This beam indication can be sent via Downlink Control Information (DCI) or Medium Access Control Element (MAC-CE). This beam indication can also be included in the message of step S4. The beam indication may include: an indication of the transmitted beam ID or the corresponding time information of the transmitted beam, such as a timestamp; and an indication of the transmitted beam's transmit power or the minimum required transmit power.

[0098] S4. The BS sends a UL beam scanning configuration message (i.e., the first configuration message in the above embodiment) to the UE, instructing the UE to transmit a fixed beam and perform beam scanning sequentially or simultaneously. This configuration information includes the time-frequency resource location of the reference signal (such as SRS / sensing RS), the parameters for generating the corresponding sequence, beam information, etc. This first configuration message configures the transmission of the reference signal using a fixed beam and a scanning beam sequentially or simultaneously. The fixed beam is used to correct the phase, and for moving target extraction tasks, at least two rounds of scanning are performed. If the transmission is simultaneous, the fixed beam can be included in the beam scanning. If the fixed beam and the scanning beam are transmitted sequentially, at least one fixed beam is required in the uplink time slot of any scanning beam. In one embodiment, step S1 may include the configuration message for this step, then step S4 can be omitted.

[0099] S5 and UE perform fixed beam transmission and beam scanning according to the configuration.

[0100] S6 and BS receive and measure reference signals and send UL-aware beam indications to the UE. These beam indications can be sent via DCI or MAC-CE. The beam indications may include: an indication of the transmitted beam ID or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; and an indication of the transmitted power or the minimum required power.

[0101] In one embodiment, steps S1 to S3 can reuse the existing communication beam management process. When communication has completed steps S1 to S3, only steps S4 to S6 need to be performed for the sensing task.

[0102] In this embodiment, unified beam training can also be performed on communication and sensing. Due to the constraints brought by moving target detection, different beams need to be transmitted without handover or in the same uplink time slot. Figure 5 is a flowchart of unified beam management for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, it includes the following process:

[0103] S1 and BS send a UL beam scanning configuration message (i.e., the first configuration message in the above embodiment) to the UE, instructing the UE to perform beam scanning.

[0104] The first configuration message contains reference signal configuration information, which includes at least one of the following: (e.g., SRS / sensing RS) time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc. This first configuration message configures the reference signals under different beam directions in a beam scan to be located on consecutive uplink subframes. The beam direction scan consists of at least two rounds, and the reference signals can be located on different uplink subframes between different rounds.

[0105] S2, UE performs beam scanning according to the configuration and transmits reference signals on different beams.

[0106] S3 and BS receive and measure reference signals. BS first determines the UL transmitter (TX) beam with the strongest communication energy, and then uses this beam to synchronize the phase between multiple scans, thereby performing moving target detection to select the beam with the strongest sensing energy. A beam measurement report (UL beam measurement report) of the communication and sensing beams is sent to the UE.

[0107] The beam measurement report may include: the transmit beam ID indicating the transmission or the corresponding time information for that beam, such as a timestamp; and the transmit power or the minimum power required.

[0108] In this embodiment of the disclosure, when communication involves multi-stream transmission, it can lead to difficulties for the receiving end in obtaining the correct reference signal. Therefore, resource location sensing using communication signals is limited to scheduling only a single user, single stream, or selecting only the communication time slots of a single user, single stream for sensing.

[0109] This embodiment can be used for the selection of uplink UE TX sensing beams, and can also utilize the channel heterogeneity for the selection of downlink UE TX sensing beams.

[0110] In one embodiment, for the RX beam of the receiver (RX), it is necessary to additionally determine the sensed RX beam, including the following cases:

[0111] a. If the receiving end is purely digital, the information can be determined through digital processing; this is an implementation behavior of the receiving end.

[0112] b. While performing multiple rounds of TX beam scanning, RX beam scanning is also performed. In this case, the beam configuration and reporting mentioned in this example need to be changed to beam pair configuration and reporting.

[0113] c. Utilizing the dissimilarity of uplink and downlink, the corresponding RX beam is determined through measurement feedback of the TX beam.

[0114] Example 2

[0115] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the transmission beam management principle according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, this embodiment describes the transmission beam management for UE transmission and UE reception under UL. While ensuring the communication link, it is also necessary to ensure the link between the UE and the sensing target, as well as between UEs. In this embodiment, only the UL communication scenario is discussed, and SL communication is not considered. In this case, the BS needs to inform the sensing UE of the SRS / sensing RS configuration of the communicating UE, and the sensing UE also needs to provide feedback on the selected sensing target beam and sensing reference path beam through the BS.

[0116] Figure 7 is a second flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 7, it includes the following process:

[0117] S1, BS sends a UL beam scanning configuration message (i.e., the first configuration message in the above embodiment) to the communication UE (C-UE), instructing C-UE to perform beam scanning. The first configuration information includes reference signal configuration information, which includes at least one of the following: time-frequency resource location, parameters for generating the corresponding sequence, beam information, etc.

[0118] S2 and BS send a UL beam measurement request to one or more sensing UEs (S-UEs), instructing them to perform beam measurement. The UL beam measurement request includes the type of beam to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which is the reference path in this step. The UL beam measurement request also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc.

[0119] S3. The sensing UE sends a UL beam measurement response to the BS. This UL beam measurement response may include whether the sensing UE can perform this measurement. Step S3 may also be included in step S5.

[0120] S4. The communication UE performs beam scanning and sends SRS / sensing RS signals on different beams.

[0121] S5. The UE is aware of the beam measurement and sends a reference path beam measurement report to the BS.

[0122] The UL beam measurement report may include: the ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy or the corresponding time information, such as timestamps; channel quality-related information corresponding to one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy, such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beam meets the reference path requirements; and, if the requirements are not met, further error causes / reasons for non-compliance.

[0123] S6 and BS perform UL communication beam measurements and send beam indications for communication and reference paths to the UE. These beam indications can be sent via DCI or MAC-CE. This beam indication can also be included in the message in step 7. The beam indication may include: an indication of the transmitted beam ID or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; and an indication of the transmitted power or the minimum required power.

[0124] S7. The BS sends a UL beam scanning configuration message (i.e., the first configuration message in the above embodiment) to the UE, instructing the UE to transmit the reference path beam and perform beam scanning sequentially or simultaneously. The first configuration message contains reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource locations, parameters for generating the corresponding sequence, beam information, etc. The first configuration message configures the transmission of reference signals using fixed beams and scanning beams sequentially or simultaneously, wherein the fixed beam is used to correct the phase, and for moving target extraction tasks, scanning is performed at least twice. If the transmission is simultaneous, the fixed beam can be included in the beam scanning. If the fixed beam and scanning beam are transmitted sequentially, at least one fixed beam is required in the uplink time slot of any scanning beam. If step S1 includes this configuration, this step can be omitted.

[0125] S8 and BS send a UL beam measurement request to one or more sensing UEs (S-UEs), instructing the S-UEs to perform beam measurement. The UL beam measurement request includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which in this step is the sensing path. The UL beam measurement request also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc. This message configures the reception of reference signals transmitted sequentially or simultaneously using fixed beams and scanned beams, where the fixed beam is used for phase correction, and for moving target extraction tasks, at least two scans are performed. If transmitted simultaneously, the fixed beam can be included in the beam scan. If the fixed beam and scanned beam are transmitted sequentially, at least one fixed beam must be present in the uplink time slot of any scanned beam.

[0126] S9. The sensing UE sends a UL beam measurement response to the BS. This UL beam measurement response may include information about whether the sensing UE can perform this measurement. This step may also be included in step S12.

[0127] S10. The communication UE performs reference path beam transmission and beam scanning according to the configuration.

[0128] S11. The sensing UE performs beam reception and measurement according to the configuration, and sends a UL beam measurement report of the reference path to the BS. The UL beam measurement report may include:

[0129] The IDs of one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, or the corresponding time information, such as timestamps, for that beam; channel quality-related information for one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, such as RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; whether the beams meet the sensing path requirements; and if the requirements are not met, the error cause can be further included.

[0130] S12, BS sends a beam indication of the sensing path to C-UE. This beam indication can be sent via DCI or MAC-CE. The beam indication can also be included in subsequent sensing task request messages. This beam indication may include: an indication of the transmitted beam ID or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; and an indication of the transmitted power or the minimum required power.

[0131] In this embodiment, the communication part in steps S1 to S6 can reuse the existing communication beam management process. When the communication process has been completed, the communication part in step S6 can be removed.

[0132] In this embodiment, the above steps can also be combined to perform unified beam training for communication and sensing. Due to the constraints brought by moving target detection, different beams need to be transmitted without handover or in the same uplink time slot. Figure 8 is a flowchart of unified beam management for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, it includes the following steps:

[0133] S1, BS sends a UL beam scanning configuration message (i.e., the first configuration message in the above embodiment) to the communication UE (C-UE), instructing the UE to perform beam scanning. This UL beam scanning configuration message includes the time-frequency resource location of the reference signal (such as SRS / sensing RS signal), the parameters for generating the corresponding sequence, beam information, etc. This UL beam scanning configuration message ensures that the reference signal under different beam directions in one round of beam scanning is on consecutive uplink subframes, and the beam direction scanning is at least 2 rounds, with different rounds on different uplink subframes.

[0134] S2 and BS send a UL beam measurement request to one or more sensing UEs (S-UEs), instructing them to perform beam measurement. The UL beam measurement request includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which in this step is the reference path and sensing path. The UL beam measurement request also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc. In one embodiment, the UL beam measurement request configures the reference signals under different beam directions in a round of beam scanning to be on consecutive uplink subframes, with at least two rounds of beam direction scanning, and the reference signals can be on different uplink subframes between different rounds.

[0135] S3. The sensing UE sends a UL beam measurement response to the BS. This UL beam measurement response may include whether the sensing UE can perform this measurement. This step may also be included in step S5.

[0136] S4. The communication UE performs beam scanning according to the configuration and sends reference signals on different beams.

[0137] S5. The sensing UE performs beam reception and measurement according to the configuration, and sends a reference path and sensing path beam measurement report to the BS. The report includes at least one of the following:

[0138] The following information is required: the ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy, or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; channel quality information related to the one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy, such as RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, and channel measurements; the ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; channel quality information related to the one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, such as RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, and channel measurements; an indication of whether the beam meets the reference path requirements; an indication of whether the beam meets the sensing path requirements; and, if the requirements are not met, further information such as error cause.

[0139] S6 and BS measure the UL communication beam and send beam indications for the communication, reference path, and sensing path to the UE. These beam indications can be sent via DCI or MAC-CE. This beam indication can also be included in subsequent sensing task request messages. The beam indication may include:

[0140] Indicates the transmit beam ID or the corresponding time information, such as timestamp; indicates the transmit power or the minimum power required.

[0141] In this embodiment, the communication part in steps S1 to S6 can reuse the existing communication beam management process. When the communication process has been completed, the communication part in step S6 can be omitted.

[0142] In this embodiment, when communication involves multi-stream transmission, it can cause the receiving end to have difficulty obtaining the correct reference signal. Therefore, resource location sensing using communication signals is limited to scheduling only a single user, single stream, or only selecting communication time slots for a single user, single stream for sensing.

[0143] This embodiment can be used for the selection of uplink UE TX sensing beams, and can also utilize the channel heterogeneity for the selection of downlink UE TX sensing beams.

[0144] Example 3

[0145] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the transmission beam management principle according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, this embodiment describes the transmission beam management under DL (Digital Link Node) for BS (Browser-Based Node) transmission and UE (User-Based Node) reception. In this embodiment, it is necessary to ensure beam coverage for communication, reference path, and sensing. In this embodiment, the communication UE and the sensing UE are the same UE.

[0146] Figure 10 is a flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, it includes the following steps:

[0147] S1 and BS send a DL beam measurement request message to the UE. This DL beam measurement request is associated with one or more reference signals (RS) to be measured. These can be Channel State Information-Reference Signals (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signals (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signals (SSS), Positioning Reference Signals (PRS), or sensing RSs. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages prior to the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. The DL beam measurement request message includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which in this step is communication / reference path (these two can be the same). In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource locations, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc.

[0148] S2 and BS transmit reference signals on different beams to perform beam scanning.

[0149] S3. The UE performs beam measurement according to the configuration, receives and processes reference signals, and sends a DL beam measurement report to the BS. This DL beam measurement report may include:

[0150] The information includes: the ID of one or more of the strongest transmit beams or the corresponding time information, such as timestamps; channel quality information related to the one or more strongest transmit beams, such as RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Rank Indicator (RI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), etc.; an indication of whether the beams meet communication requirements; an indication of whether the beams meet reference path requirements; and, if requirements are not met, further information such as error cause.

[0151] S4, BS sends a DL beam measurement request message to UE. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages prior to the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. The DL beam measurement request message contains the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which is a sensing path in this step. The DL beam measurement request message also contains reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc. This DL beam measurement request message is configured to receive reference signals transmitted sequentially or simultaneously using fixed beams and scanning beams, where the fixed beam is used to correct the phase, and for moving target extraction tasks, at least two scans are performed. If transmitted simultaneously, the fixed beam can be included in the beam scan. If the fixed beam and scanning beam are transmitted sequentially, at least one fixed beam must be in the uplink time slot of any scanning beam. If step S1 includes this configuration, this step can be omitted.

[0152] S5 and BS perform reference path beam transmission and beam scanning according to their configuration;

[0153] S6. The UE performs beam reception and measurement according to the configuration, and sends a DL beam measurement report to the BS. This report may include:

[0154] The IDs of one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, or the corresponding time information, such as timestamps, for that beam; channel quality-related information for one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beams meet the sensing path requirements; and, if the requirements are not met, further error cause information.

[0155] In this embodiment, steps S1 to S3 can reuse the existing communication beam management process. When communication has completed steps S1 to S3, only steps S4 to S6 need to be performed for the sensing task.

[0156] In this embodiment, unified beam training can also be performed on communication and sensing. Due to the constraints brought by moving target detection, different beams need to be transmitted without handover or in the same uplink time slot. Figure 11 is a flowchart of unified beam management for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, it includes the following steps:

[0157] S1 and BS send a DL beam measurement request message to the UE. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs that need to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages before the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured separately. The DL beam measurement request message contains the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which in this step is the reference path and sensing path, and may also include the communication path. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message also contains reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc. This DL beam measurement request message configures the reference signals under different beam directions in a round of beam scanning to be on consecutive uplink subframes. The beam direction scanning is at least two rounds, and the reference signals can be on different uplink subframes between different rounds.

[0158] S2 and BS transmit reference signals on different beams to perform beam scanning.

[0159] S3. The UE performs beam measurement according to the configuration, receives and processes reference signals, and sends a DL beam measurement report to the BS. This DL beam measurement report may include:

[0160] The following information is required: the ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy, or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; channel quality information related to the one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beam meets the communication requirements; an indication of whether the beam meets the reference path requirements; the ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; channel quality information related to the one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beam meets the sensing path requirements; and, if the requirements are not met, an error cause may also be included.

[0161] In this embodiment, when communication involves multi-stream transmission, it can cause the receiving end to have difficulty obtaining the correct reference signal. Therefore, resource location sensing using communication signals is limited to scheduling only a single user, single stream, or only selecting communication time slots for a single user, single stream for sensing.

[0162] In this embodiment, it can be used for the selection of downlink BS TX sensing beams, and the channel heterogeneity can also be used for the selection of uplink BS RX sensing beams.

[0163] Example 4

[0164] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of transmit beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, this embodiment describes the transmit beam management under DL, where the BS transmits and the UE receives. In this embodiment, the communication UE and the sensing UE are different UEs. When the communication UE and the sensing UE are different UEs, the sensing UE needs to receive the DL signal and provide feedback.

[0165] Figure 13 is a flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown in Figure 13, including the following steps:

[0166] S1 and BS send a DL beam measurement request message to the communication UE. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs that need to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages before the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. The DL beam measurement request message contains the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which is the communication path in this step (at this time, the two can be the same). In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message also contains reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc.

[0167] S2 and BS send a DL beam measurement request message to the sensing UE. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs that need to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages before the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which in this step is the reference path (at this time, the two can be the same). In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc.

[0168] S3 and BS transmit reference signals on different beams to perform beam scanning.

[0169] S4. The communication UE performs beam measurement according to the configuration, receives and processes reference signals, and sends a DL beam measurement report to the BS. The DL beam measurement report may include:

[0170] The ID of one or more of the strongest transmit beams or the corresponding time information, such as timestamp; channel quality related information corresponding to one or more of the strongest transmit beams, such as RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, CQI, RI, PMI, etc.; an indication of whether the beams can meet the communication requirements; if the requirements are not met, it can further include the error cause.

[0171] S5. The sensing UE performs beam measurement according to the configuration, receives and processes reference signals, and sends a DL beam measurement report to the BS. The DL beam measurement report may include:

[0172] The ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy or the corresponding time information, such as timestamp; channel quality related information corresponding to one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy, such as RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, CQI, RI, PMI, etc.; an indication of whether the beam meets the reference path requirements; if the requirements are not met, it may further include error cause.

[0173] S6, BS sends a DL beam measurement request message to the sensing UE. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages prior to the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. The request includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which is the sensing path in this step. The DL beam measurement request message also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc. This DL beam measurement request message is configured to receive reference signals transmitted sequentially or simultaneously using fixed beams and scanning beams, where the fixed beam is used to correct the phase, and for moving target extraction tasks, at least two scans are performed. If transmitted simultaneously, the fixed beam can be included in the beam scan. If the fixed beam and scanning beam are transmitted sequentially, at least one fixed beam must be in the uplink time slot of any scanning beam. If step S1 includes this configuration, this step can be omitted.

[0174] S7 and BS perform beam scanning and transmit beams along the reference path.

[0175] S8 and S-UE perform beam reception and measurement according to their configuration, and send a DL beam measurement report to the BS. This DL beam measurement report may include:

[0176] The IDs of one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, or the corresponding time information, such as timestamps, for that beam; channel quality-related information for one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beams meet the sensing path requirements; and, if the requirements are not met, further error cause information.

[0177] In this embodiment, steps S1 and S5 can reuse the existing communication beam management process. When the corresponding steps have been completed, steps S1 and S5 can be omitted for the sensing task.

[0178] In this embodiment, unified beam training is also performed on communication and sensing. Due to the constraints brought by moving target detection, different beams need to be transmitted without handover or in the same uplink time slot. Figure 14 is a flowchart of unified beam management for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 14, it includes the following steps:

[0179] S1 and BS send a DL beam measurement request message to the communication UE. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs that need to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages before the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which is the communication path in this step. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc. This message configures the reference signals under different beam directions in a round of beam scanning to be on consecutive uplink subframes. The beam direction scanning is at least two rounds, and the reference signals can be on different uplink subframes between different rounds.

[0180] S2 and BS send a DL beam measurement request message to the sensing UE. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs that need to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages before the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which in this step is the reference path and sensing path. The request also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message configures the reference signals under different beam directions in a round of beam scanning to be on consecutive uplink subframes. The beam direction scanning is at least two rounds, and the reference signals can be on different uplink subframes between different rounds.

[0181] S3 and BS transmit reference signals on different beams to perform beam scanning.

[0182] S4. The communication UE performs beam measurement according to the configuration, receives and processes reference signals, and sends a DL beam measurement report to the BS. The DL beam measurement report may include:

[0183] The ID of one or more of the strongest transmit beams or the corresponding time information, such as timestamps; channel quality-related information corresponding to one or more of the strongest transmit beams, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beams can meet the communication requirements; if the requirements are not met, it can further include the error cause.

[0184] S5. The sensing UE performs beam measurement according to the configuration, receives and processes reference signals, and sends a DL beam measurement report to the BS. The DL beam measurement report may include:

[0185] The following information is required: the ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy, or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; channel quality-related information corresponding to the one or more transmit beams with the strongest energy, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beam meets the reference path requirements; the ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, or the corresponding time information, such as a timestamp; channel quality-related information corresponding to one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beam meets the sensing path requirements; and, if the requirements are not met, further error cause information may be included.

[0186] In this embodiment, when communication involves multi-stream transmission, it can cause the receiving end to have difficulty obtaining the correct reference signal. Therefore, resource location sensing using communication signals is limited to scheduling only a single user, single stream, or only selecting communication time slots for a single user, single stream for sensing.

[0187] This embodiment can be used for the selection of downlink BS TX sensing beams, and can also utilize the channel heterogeneity for the selection of uplink BS RX sensing beams.

[0188] Example 5

[0189] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the principle of transmit beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 15, in this embodiment, the transmit beam management of BS transmitting and BS receiving under DL is introduced.

[0190] In this embodiment, BS / TRP 1 and RX BS / TRP 2 can communicate directly through the Xn interface, or through core network elements (such as SF network elements) for forwarding, without occupying air interface resources.

[0191] In this embodiment, BSs can synchronize via air interface or wired interface. For air interface synchronization, simply replace BS1 with BS1 and S-UE with BS2 in Embodiment 4, and the message transmission between BSs is through the wired interface. For wired synchronization, synchronization is performed through the Xn interface, or the two BSs are connected to the same clock source to avoid synchronization problems. This embodiment describes the wired synchronization scenario.

[0192] Figure 16 is a flowchart of beam management according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 16, it includes the following steps:

[0193] S1 and BS1 send a DL beam measurement request message to the UE. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs that need to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages before the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which is the communication path in this step. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc.

[0194] S2 and BS1 send a DL beam measurement request message to BS2. This DL beam measurement request message is associated with one or more RSs that need to be measured, which can be CSI-RS / PSS / SSS / PRS / sensing RS. These RSs can be configured in the DL beam measurement request message or configured in other messages before the DL beam measurement request message. These RSs can be broadcast configured or configured individually. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message includes the beam type to be measured (communication / reference path / sensing path), which is a sensing path in this step. In one embodiment, the DL beam measurement request message also includes reference signal configuration information, such as time-frequency resource location, parameters for corresponding sequence generation, beam information, etc.

[0195] S3 and BS transmit reference signals on different beams to perform beam scanning.

[0196] S4. The communication UE performs beam measurement according to the configuration, receives and processes reference signals, and sends a DL beam measurement report to the BS. The DL beam measurement report may include:

[0197] The ID of one or more of the strongest transmit beams or the corresponding time information, such as timestamps; channel quality-related information corresponding to one or more of the strongest transmit beams, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beams can meet the communication requirements; if the requirements are not met, it can further include the error cause.

[0198] S5. The sensing UE performs beam measurement according to the configuration, receives and processes reference signals, and sends a beam measurement report to the BS. This DL beam measurement report may include:

[0199] The ID of one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy or the corresponding time information, such as timestamp, of the one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy; channel quality related information corresponding to one or more transmit beams with the strongest target reflection energy, such as CQI, RI, PMI, RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SNR, channel measurements, etc.; an indication of whether the beam can meet the sensing path requirements; if the requirements are not met, it can further include error cause.

[0200] In this embodiment, when communication involves multi-stream transmission, it can cause the receiving end to have difficulty obtaining the correct reference signal. Therefore, resource location sensing using communication signals is limited to scheduling only a single user, single stream, or only selecting communication time slots for a single user, single stream for sensing.

[0201] This embodiment can be used for the selection of downlink BS TX sensing beams, and can also utilize the channel heterogeneity for the selection of uplink BS RX sensing beams.

[0202] Example 6

[0203] This embodiment describes how communication information is acquired in sensing based on communication signals. Except for scenarios where the UL UE transmits and receives data from the BS, in other scenarios, the sensing receiver may not know the communication content, making sensing measurements impossible.

[0204] In this embodiment, the communication signal includes at least one of the following: broadcast signal, demodulation reference signal, and data signal.

[0205] For broadcast signals, the receiver can detect pilot signals or demodulate broadcast data for sensing purposes. The drawback is limited bandwidth and resource availability. It can be used in simpler sensing tasks or as a supplement to sensing signals in more complex ones.

[0206] For the demodulation reference signal, the second node receives second configuration information from the first node, wherein the second configuration information includes configuration information for the demodulation reference signal of the second node used for communication. In this embodiment, the second node is a UE or a BS, and the first node is a BS or a SF.

[0207] (1) UL UE transmits and UE receives: The BS needs to send the UL communication UE's reference signal (SRS or demodulation reference signal (DMRS) or sensing RS) configuration information to the sensing UE in advance via the downlink.

[0208] (2) DL BS transmits to UE: The BS needs to send the reference signal (CSI-RS / PRS / sensing RS) configuration information of the DL communication UE to the sensing UE in advance via the downlink.

[0209] (3) DL BS transmits BS receives: TX BS needs to send the reference signal (CSI-RS / PRS / sensing RS) configuration information of DL communication UE to RX BS in advance through Xn interface.

[0210] In this embodiment, before the second node receives the second configuration information from the first node, the method further includes: the second node receiving an authorization request message from the first node; the second node sending an authorization response message to the first node, the authorization response message indicating whether the first node can send the second configuration information of the second node used for communication to other second nodes.

[0211] In the above scenario, the BS or SF can first send an authorization request message to the communication UE, and the communication UE will send an authorization response message back to the BS or SF, thereby determining whether the reference signal configuration information of the communication UE can be shared with the sensing UE or other BS.

[0212] For data signals, the second configuration information also includes the communication link configuration information (i.e., data signals) of the UL / DL of the second node used for communication. In this embodiment, the configuration of data signals is divided into two cases:

[0213] (1) In addition to the reference signal configuration signal, it is necessary to transmit the communication link configuration information of UL / DL, including the time and frequency resource location, MCS and beam information of communication. In this case, the BS or SF can also send an authorization request message to the communication UE first, and the communication UE will send an authorization response message back to the BS or SF to determine whether the communication link configuration information of the communication UE can be shared with the sensing UE or other BS.

[0214] (2) In this embodiment, when the second node has blind detection capability, the method further includes: the second node receives a capability request message from the first node and sends a capability reporting message to the first node.

[0215] In other words, if the receiver has the capability for blind detection based on data, then there is no need to indicate the configuration information of the reference signal. The additional procedure required is that the SF or BS requests the receiver's blind detection capability information or capability information, and the receiver reports the capability information to the SF or BS, including capability information related to blind detection, such as:

[0216] Report whether it has blind detection capability; the modulation scheme or order supported by blind detection; the sequence type supported by blind detection; the sequence parameters supported by blind detection; and the encoding scheme supported by blind detection.

[0217] In this embodiment, for a specific sensing task, one of the above methods, a dedicated sensing signal, or a combination of at least two of the above methods and a dedicated sensing signal can be used.

[0218] Example 7

[0219] In this embodiment, the first node is the core network, and the second node includes IAB-node (IAB-node 1, IAB-node 2) and IAB-donor.

[0220] This embodiment describes the sensing process of the IAB-node based on communication signals. There is relatively stable high-bandwidth data transmission between the IAB-node, the IAB-donor, and the upper-level IAB-node. Furthermore, the IAB has stronger capabilities than the UE and can meet the static condition, allowing sensing to be performed simultaneously with data transmission.

[0221] In this embodiment, the core network (which may be SF) and the IAB-donor are connected via the NG interface, and the IAB-donor and the IAB-node are connected via the F1 interface. Configuration information is transmitted through these interfaces. The transmission from SF to IAB-node needs to go through the IAB-donor. At this time, the transmission can be transparent to the IAB-donor, such as NAS layer transmission, or it can be non-transparent, such as AS layer transmission.

[0222] Figure 17 is a flowchart of beam management for the IAB-node and IAB-donor according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 17, the IAB-donor transmits and the IAB-node receives, including the following steps:

[0223] S1, SF (first node) and IAB donor, IAB node (second node) exchange capability information, including sensing capabilities, communication resource usage, hardware capabilities, bandwidth capabilities, etc.

[0224] S2 and SF send a sensing transmit request to the IAB-donor. This sensing transmit request includes a recommended sensing configuration, which includes the location of time-frequency resources, sensing beam information, reference signal configuration, data MCS, and coding-related parameters. This recommendation can come from the SF / IAB donor / IAB node.

[0225] S3, the IAB-donor sends a sensing transmission response to SF, which contains the sensing configuration (time-frequency resource location, sensing beam information) ultimately adopted by the IAB-donor.

[0226] S4 and SF send a perception measurement request to the IAB node. This perception measurement request contains the perception configuration ultimately adopted by the IAB-donor, and may also include:

[0227] Information related to the perception task: spatial range of perception, Doppler range, target RCS range, perception task type, target classification type, etc.; perception reporting types: point cloud, position, velocity, RCS, distance, angle, channel estimation.

[0228] S5 and IAB-node report sensing measurement reports to SF.

[0229] Figure 18 is a second flowchart of beam management for the IAB-node and IAB-donor according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 18, the IAB-node transmits and the IAB-donor receives, including the following steps:

[0230] S1, SF (first node) and IAB donor, IAB node (second node) exchange capability information, including sensing capabilities, communication resource usage, hardware capabilities, bandwidth capabilities, etc.

[0231] S2 and SF send a sensing transmission request.

[0232] S2a and SF send a sensing transmission request to the IAB-donor, which includes the recommended sensing configuration.

[0233] S2b and IAB-donor send a sensing transmission request to IAB-node, which includes the sensing configuration ultimately adopted by IAB-donor.

[0234] S3, the IAB-donor sends a sensing transmission response to SF, which contains the sensing configuration ultimately adopted by the IAB-donor.

[0235] S4 and SF send a perception measurement request to the IAB-donor. This perception measurement request contains information related to the perception task, the perception reporting type, and the perception configuration ultimately adopted by the IAB-donor.

[0236] S5 and IAB-donor report the sensing measurement report to SF.

[0237] In the beam management process shown in Figure 18, the IAB-donor sends a sensing transmit request to all IAB nodes.

[0238] Figure 19 is a flowchart of beam management for the IAB-node and IAB-donor according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 19, the upper-level IAB-node transmits and the lower-level IAB-node receives, including the following steps:

[0239] S1, SF, IAB donor, IAB node 1, and IAB node 2 exchange capability information, including sensing capabilities, communication resource usage, hardware capabilities, and bandwidth capabilities.

[0240] S2 and SF send a sensing transmission request.

[0241] S2a and SF send a sensing transmission request to the IAB-donor, which includes the recommended sensing configuration.

[0242] S2b and IAB-donor send a sensing transmission request to IAB-node 1. This sensing transmission request includes the sensing configuration that the IAB-donor ultimately adopts.

[0243] S3, the IAB-donor sends a sensing transmission response to SF, which contains the sensing configuration ultimately adopted by the IAB-donor.

[0244] S4 and SF send a perception measurement request to IAB node 2. This perception measurement request contains information related to the perception task, the perception reporting type, and the perception configuration finally adopted by the IAB-donor.

[0245] S5 and IAB-node 2 report sensing measurement reports to SF.

[0246] Figure 20 is a flowchart of beam management for IAB-node and IAB-donor according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 20, the lower-level IAB-node transmits and the upper-level IAB-node receives, including the following steps:

[0247] S1, SF, IAB donor, IAB node 1, and IAB node 2 exchange capability information, including sensing capabilities, communication resource usage, hardware capabilities, and bandwidth capabilities.

[0248] S2 and SF send a sensing transmission request.

[0249] S2a and SF send a sensing transmission request to the IAB-donor, which includes the recommended sensing configuration.

[0250] S2b and IAB-donor send a sensing transmission request to IAB-node 1. This sensing transmission request includes the sensing configuration that the IAB-donor ultimately adopts.

[0251] S3, the IAB-donor sends a sensing transmission response to SF, which contains the sensing configuration ultimately adopted by the IAB-donor.

[0252] S4 and SF send a perception measurement request to IAB node 2. This perception measurement request contains information related to the perception task, the perception reporting type, and the perception configuration finally adopted by the IAB-donor.

[0253] S5 and IAB-node 2 report sensing measurement reports to SF.

[0254] In Figures 19 and 20, IAB-node 1 is the parent node of IAB-node 2. As shown in Figures 19 and 20, the IAB-donor sends sensing transmission requests to some IAB nodes (IAB-node 1 or IAB-node 2).

[0255] Example 8

[0256] In this embodiment, the retransmission problem in sensing based on communication signals is introduced. The retransmission problem is caused by the inability of communication and / or sensing to demodulate correctly, which can be divided into three cases:

[0257] A. Communication requires retransmission, which is a traditional method. In this embodiment, unlike the traditional method, the initial transmission involves both communication and sensing simultaneously, while the retransmission only targets communication. The process can be summarized as follows:

[0258] S1 and TX send data packets to the communication RX and sensing RX and start a timer.

[0259] S2. Communication RX checks data packets: If received correctly, an acknowledgment (ACK) signal is sent; if received incorrectly or lost, a negative acknowledgment (NACK) signal is sent.

[0260] S3 and TX, based on feedback from the communication RX: if they receive an ACK, they send the next data packet; if they receive a NACK or the timer times out, they retransmit the current data packet to the communication RX (Automatic Repeat reQuest, ARQ) or send additional redundant information (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest, HARQ).

[0261] S4. Repeat the above process until successful transmission.

[0262] B. If sensing requires retransmission, only the sensing data can be retransmitted, and all energy can be concentrated on the sensing beam (reference path and sensing beam). Simultaneously, it can be indicated whether the retransmitted information is used for sensing measurements. The process can be summarized as follows:

[0263] S1 and TX send data packets to the communication RX and sensing RX and start a timer.

[0264] S2, Sensing RX checks data packets: If received correctly, send ACK; if received incorrectly or lost, send NACK.

[0265] S3. Based on the feedback from the sensing RX: if an ACK is received, the TX sends the next data packet; if a NACK is received or the timer times out, the TX retransmits the current data packet (ARQ) to the sensing RX or sends additional redundant information (HARQ). In addition, the TX can schedule the retransmission at the time-frequency position required by the sensing and send an indication to the sensing RX whether the retransmission is used for sensing (i.e., the sensing indication information in the above embodiment).

[0266] S4. Repeat the above process until successful transmission.

[0267] C. All communication sensing requires retransmission, similar to the previous process, as follows:

[0268] S1 and TX send data packets to the communication RX and sensing RX and start a timer;

[0269] S2, Communication RX and Sensing RX check data packets: if received correctly, send ACK; if received incorrectly or lost, send NACK.

[0270] S3. Based on the feedback from the communication RX and the sensing RX: if both receive ACK, the next data packet is sent; if both receive NACK or the timer times out, the current data packet is retransmitted to the communication RX and the sensing RX (ARQ) or additional redundant information (HARQ) is sent. In addition, the TX can schedule the retransmission at the time-frequency position required by sensing. The TX can also send an indication to the sensing RX whether the retransmission is used for sensing (i.e., the sensing indication information in the above embodiment).

[0271] S4. Repeat the above process until successful transmission.

[0272] Example 9

[0273] In this embodiment, the scenario where the second node is a base station and the base station performs both communication and sensing is described.

[0274] When a base station performs self-transmitting and self-receiving sensing, it typically uses only half of the array. This means that communication also needs to be reduced to half-array or partial antenna configuration. This situation is similar to the channel shutdown scheme in energy saving, and the protocol already supports the configuration and reporting of multiple CSI-RS systems.

[0275] In this embodiment, the sensing process is as follows:

[0276] S1. When the base station receives a sensing task or anticipates performing a sensing task, it decides which communication resources to use for sensing and schedules appropriate users on the communication resources for sensing.

[0277] S2. The base station is configured to perform CSI-RS measurements on half-array / partial antennas for the corresponding users.

[0278] S3. The user submits the corresponding CSI measurement report.

[0279] S4. The base station performs sensing while communicating with the corresponding user.

[0280] Alternatively, in this embodiment, the sensing process is as follows:

[0281] S1. When the base station receives a sensing task or anticipates performing a sensing task, it decides which communication resources to use for sensing.

[0282] S2. The base station configures users to perform CSI-RS measurements on half-array / partial antennas.

[0283] S3. The user submits the corresponding CSI measurement report.

[0284] S4. The base station schedules appropriate users to use the communication resources for sensing.

[0285] S5. The base station performs sensing while communicating with the corresponding user.

[0286] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Various modifications and variations can be made to this disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A sensing method based on communication signals, comprising: The second node receives beam indication from the first node; The second node performs sensing based on the beam indication and communication signals.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The beam indication includes at least one of the beam indication of the sensing link, the beam indication of the communication link, and the beam indication of the reference link.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Before the second node receives beam indication from the first node, the method further includes: The second node receives a first configuration message from the first node, the first configuration message being used to instruct the second node to perform an uplink UL beam scan, so that the first node performs beam measurement based on the beam scan results of the second node.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The first configuration message includes reference signal configuration information. The first configuration message is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals with a fixed beam and a scanning beam, either sequentially or simultaneously. The fixed beam is used to correct the phase, and the second node is configured to perform at least two beam scans for the moving target extraction task.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, When the first configuration message is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals using a fixed beam and a scanning beam in sequence, at least one of the fixed beams is included in the uplink time slot of any of the scanning beams; In the case where the first configuration message is used to configure the second node to transmit a reference signal using both a fixed beam and a scanning beam, the scanning beam includes the fixed beam.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The types of beam indication include sensing beam indication and communication beam indication; The beam indication includes at least one of the following: an identifier of the transmitted beam or time information corresponding to the transmitted beam; the transmit power of the transmitted beam or the minimum required transmit power.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein, In the case of unified beam training for communication and sensing, the first configuration message is also used to configure the reference signal of the second node in different beam directions in a beam scan to be on consecutive uplink subframes, and to perform at least two beam scans, with different uplink subframes between different beam scans.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Before the second node receives beam indication from the first node, the method further includes: The second node receives a UL beam measurement request from the first node; The second node sends a UL beam measurement report to the first node.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The UL beam measurement request includes reference signal configuration information and the type of beam to be measured. The beam type being measured includes at least one of the following: a communication beam corresponding to a communication link; a sensing beam corresponding to a sensing link; or a reference beam corresponding to a reference link.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The UL beam measurement report includes at least one of the following: The identifier of one or more transmitted beams with the strongest energy / the target reflects the strongest energy, or the corresponding time information of the transmitted beam; Channel quality-related information corresponding to one or more transmitted beams with the strongest energy / the target reflection with the strongest energy; The beamforming of the corresponding reference link / sensing link indicates whether it meets the requirements of the reference link / sensing link or the reason why it does not.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein, In the case of unified beam training for communication and sensing, the UL beam measurement request is also used to configure the reference signal of the second node in different beam directions in a single beam scan to be on consecutive uplink subframes, and to perform at least two beam scans, with the different beam scans being on different uplink subframes.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Also includes: The second node receives a downlink DL beam measurement request from the first node; The second node sends a DL beam measurement report to the first node.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The DL beam measurement request includes reference signal configuration information and the type of beam to be measured. The beam type being measured includes at least one of the following: a communication beam corresponding to a communication link; a sensing beam corresponding to a sensing link; or a reference beam corresponding to a reference link.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The DL beam measurement request is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals with a fixed beam and a scanning beam sequentially or simultaneously, wherein the fixed beam is used to correct the phase, and the second node is configured to perform at least two beam scans for the moving target extraction task.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, When the DL beam measurement request is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals sequentially using a fixed beam and a scanning beam, at least one of the fixed beams is included in the uplink time slot of any of the scanning beams; In the case where the DL beam measurement request is used to configure the second node to transmit reference signals simultaneously with a fixed beam and a scanning beam, the scanning beam includes the fixed beam.

16. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The DL beam measurement report includes at least one of the following: The identifier of one or more transmitted beams with the strongest energy / the target reflects the strongest energy, or the corresponding time information of the transmitted beam; Channel quality-related information corresponding to one or more transmitted beams with the strongest energy / the target reflection with the strongest energy; Whether the beam of the corresponding communication link / reference link / sensing link can meet the requirements of the communication link / reference link / sensing link, or the reason why it cannot meet the requirements.

17. The method according to claim 12, wherein, In the case of unified beam training for communication and sensing, the DL beam measurement request is also used to configure the reference signal of the second node in different beam directions in a single beam scan to be on consecutive uplink subframes, and to perform at least two beam scans, with the different beam scans being on different uplink subframes.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Before the second node performs sensing based on the beam indication and communication signals, the method further includes: The second node receives second configuration information from the first node, wherein the second configuration information includes configuration information of the demodulation reference signal of the second node for communication.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, Before the second node receives the second configuration information from the first node, the method further includes: The second node receives an authorization request message from the first node; The second node sends an authorization response message to the first node, the authorization response message being used to indicate whether the first node can send the second configuration information of the second node used for communication to other second nodes.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The second configuration information also includes communication link configuration information of the UL / DL of the second node for communication.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein, When the second node has blind detection capability, the method further includes: The second node receives a capability request message from the first node and sends a capability reporting message to the first node.

22. The method according to claim 1, wherein, When the first node is the core network, and the second node includes an Integrated Access and Backhaul Node (IAB-node) and an Integrated Access and Backhaul Donor Node (IAB-donor), the method further includes: The first node and the second node exchange capability information; The first node sends a sensing transmission request to the IAB-donor and receives a sensing transmission response from the IAB-donor. The sensing transmission response carries the sensing configuration information adopted by the IAB-donor. The first node sends a sensing measurement request to the IAB-node, the sensing measurement request carrying the sensing configuration information adopted by the IAB-node; The first node receives a sensing measurement report from the IAB-node.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein, After the first node sends a sensing transmission request to the IAB-donor, the method further includes: When the IAB-donor sends the sensing transmission request to all the IAB nodes, the first node sends the sensing measurement request to the IAB-donor and receives the sensing measurement report from the IAB-donor. Alternatively, if the IAB-donor sends the sensing transmission request to some of the IAB nodes, the first node sends the sensing measurement request to the remaining IAB nodes and receives the sensing measurement report from the remaining IAB-donors.

24. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Also includes: If the second node used for communication and / or sensing needs to retransmit, data retransmission shall be performed for communication and / or sensing. In the case of retransmission for both communication and sensing, or retransmission for sensing only, the second node receives sensing indication information from the first node, which is used to indicate that the retransmitted data is for sensing.

25. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Also includes: When the second node is a base station and the base station is simultaneously communicating and sensing, the base station determines the communication resources for sensing, schedules the corresponding UE on the communication resources, and configures the UE to perform beam scanning of half-array / partial antennas; the base station performs sensing while communicating with the corresponding UE. Alternatively, if the second node is a base station and the base station performs both communication and sensing simultaneously, the base station determines the communication resources for sensing and configures the UE to perform beam scanning of half-array / partial antennas; the base station schedules the corresponding UE to perform sensing on the communication resources while communicating with the corresponding UE.

26. A network device comprising a receiver, a transmitter, and a processor, the network device being configured to perform the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 25 via at least one of the receiver, the transmitter, and the processor.

27. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 25.

28. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, performs the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 25.

29. A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 25.

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