Antenna unit, antenna array, antenna system and communication device

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application belong to the technical field of antennas. Provided are an antenna unit, an antenna array, an antenna system and a communication device. The antenna unit comprises a reflecting plate, at least one first antenna and at least one second antenna, wherein the first antenna comprises a first radiating patch, a first feeding structure and a wave-transparent structure, the first feeding structure is coupled to the first radiating patch, and the wave-transparent structure comprises at least one wave-transparent slot that passes through the first radiating patch in the thickness direction of the reflecting plate; and an operating frequency band of the second antenna is greater than an operating frequency band of the first antenna, the second antenna comprises a second radiating patch and a second feeding structure, the second feeding structure is coupled to the second radiating patch, and in the thickness direction of the reflecting plate, the first radiating patch and the reflecting plate are respectively located on two opposite sides of the second radiating patch and are each spaced apart from the second radiating patch. In this way, the antenna unit has a low profile while good isolation between different frequencies is achieved.

Description

Antenna elements, antenna arrays, antenna systems and communication equipment

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application filed on April 14, 2025, with application number 202510466720.5 and entitled "Antenna Element, Antenna Array, Antenna System and Communication Equipment", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna element, antenna array, antenna system, and communication device. Background Technology

[0003] In the development of mobile communication, using massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas as base station antennas can improve channel capacity and increase communication speed. Multi-frequency MIMO antennas can meet the needs of different frequency bands, thereby reducing the number of base station modules. In related technologies, multi-frequency MIMO antennas consist of multiple arrayed antenna elements, including high-frequency and low-frequency antennas. Both high-frequency and low-frequency antennas are dipole antennas, and the distance between them is relatively large, reducing mutual interference and improving isolation between them. However, the high profile of the antenna elements results in a high overall height for the multi-frequency MIMO antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna element, antenna array, antenna system, and communication device that achieves good isolation between different frequencies while having a low profile.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an antenna element comprising a reflector, at least one first antenna, and at least one second antenna. The first antenna includes a first radiating patch, a first feeding structure, and a wave-transparent structure. The first feeding structure is coupled to the first radiating patch, and the wave-transparent structure includes at least one wave-transparent slot penetrating the first radiating patch along the thickness direction of the reflector. The second antenna operates at a frequency greater than that of the first antenna. The second antenna includes a second radiating patch and a second feeding structure, the second feeding structure being coupled to the second radiating patch. Along the thickness direction of the reflector, the first radiating patch and the reflector are located on opposite sides of the second radiating patch and are spaced apart from it.

[0006] By incorporating a wave-transparent slot as a decoupling structure on the first radiating patch, the slot provides spatial filtering (wave transmission) for the operating frequency of the high-frequency antenna, achieving electromagnetic transparency of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna. This reduces the mutual interference between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas and improves the isolation between the first and second antennas. Furthermore, it reduces high-frequency signals reflected to the second antenna, thus enhancing its radiation performance.

[0007] Furthermore, the radiator of the first antenna is a first radiating patch, making the first antenna a patch antenna with a low profile. The radiator of the second antenna is a second radiating patch, making the second antenna a patch antenna with a low profile. Therefore, both the first and second antennas are patch antennas, giving the antenna elements the advantages of low profile and miniaturization, thus giving the antenna system the advantages of low profile and miniaturization.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the first feeding structure is indirectly coupled to the first radiating patch, and the first feeding structure is used to couple power to the first radiating patch.

[0009] In this way, the first feeding structure feeds the first radiating patch through coupling feeding, which can cut off the direct interference path between the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby improving the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the second feed structure is indirectly coupled to the second radiating patch, and the second feed structure is used to couple power to the second radiating patch.

[0011] In this way, the second feeding structure feeds the second radiating patch through coupling feeding, which can cut off the direct interference path between the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby improving the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the first antenna further includes a first feed line and a first filter structure, one end of the first feed line being connected to the first feed structure, the other end of the first feed line being used to connect to the feed network, and the first filter structure being connected to the first feed line.

[0013] In this way, the first filter structure has a suppressive effect on the high-frequency signal of the second antenna, which can increase the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna port in the high-frequency band.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the first filter structure is a first open stub, the electrical length of which is one-eighth to three-eighths of the operating wavelength of the second antenna.

[0015] In this way, the first open-circuit stub can be equivalent to a filter, which can suppress high-frequency signals while reducing the volume of the first filter structure, thus helping to reduce the volume of the antenna element.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the second antenna also includes a second feeder and a second filter structure. One end of the second feeder is connected to the second power supply structure, and the other end of the second feeder is used to connect to the power supply network. The second filter structure is connected to the second feeder.

[0017] In this way, the second filter structure can suppress the low-frequency signal of the first antenna, thereby increasing the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna port in the low-frequency band.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the second filter structure is a second open stub, the electrical length of which is one-eighth to three-eighths of the operating wavelength of the first antenna.

[0019] In this way, the second open-circuit stub can be equivalent to a filter, which can suppress low-frequency signals while reducing the volume of the first filter structure, thus helping to reduce the volume of the antenna element.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the first antenna further includes a first feed line connected to a first feeding structure, and the second antenna further includes a second feed line connected to a second feeding structure. The first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the reflector along the thickness direction of the reflector, or the first feed line and the second feed line are located on opposite sides of the reflector along the thickness direction of the reflector.

[0021] In this way, the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the reflector along its thickness direction. This reduces layer stacking and helps to reduce the thickness of the antenna element. Alternatively, the first feed line and the second feed line can be located on opposite sides of the reflector along its thickness direction, placing them on different layers. This provides more wiring space and ensures good isolation between the first and second feed lines.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the second radiating patch has at least one slot.

[0023] In this way, the current path on the second radiating patch is optimized, and the second radiating patch is miniaturized.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the orthographic projection of at least one first radiating patch on the reflector plate partially coincides with the orthographic projection of at least one second radiating patch on the reflector plate.

[0025] This reduces the size of the antenna element in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the reflector, which helps to miniaturize the antenna element.

[0026] In some possible implementations, the antenna element also includes an insulating support for supporting the first antenna, the second antenna, and the reflector.

[0027] In some possible implementations, the insulating support is a substrate, which includes at least two dielectric substrates, including a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate. The first dielectric substrate is located between a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch, and the second dielectric substrate is located between a reflector and a second radiating patch. The first radiating patch is fixedly connected to the first dielectric substrate, the second radiating patch is located between the first and second dielectric substrates, and the reflector is fixedly connected to the second dielectric substrate.

[0028] In this way, by using a substrate to support the reflector, the first antenna, and the second antenna, the cross-section of the antenna element can be reduced, achieving planarization of the antenna element. Furthermore, PCB manufacturing processes can be used to fabricate the first antenna, the second antenna, and the reflector on the substrate, improving the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna element.

[0029] In some possible implementations, any one of the dielectric substrates is a foam substrate.

[0030] Thus, the dielectric substrate is made of foam material. The foam material has many pores inside, which makes the dielectric substrate lightweight, reducing the weight of the antenna unit and achieving a lightweight design.

[0031] In some possible implementations, at least one wave-transmitting slot is an annular slot, a C-shaped slot, or a cross-shaped slot.

[0032] This allows for filtering of the high-frequency signals from the second antenna, improving the isolation between the first and second antennas.

[0033] In some possible implementations, there are two first feeding structures, one of which is used to excite the first radiating patch to generate a first polarization, and the other is used to excite the first radiating patch to generate a second polarization, the direction of the second polarization being different from the direction of the first polarization.

[0034] Thus, the first antenna is a dual-polarized antenna.

[0035] In some possible implementations, there are two second feeding structures, one of which is used to excite the second radiating patch to generate a third polarization, and the other is used to excite the second radiating patch to generate a fourth polarization. The directions of the third polarization and the fourth polarization are different.

[0036] Thus, the second antenna is a dual-polarized antenna.

[0037] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an antenna array comprising at least two antenna elements as described in any of the first aspects, wherein the at least two antenna elements are arranged in an array.

[0038] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an antenna system, which includes a feed network and an antenna element as described in the first aspect, wherein a first feed structure and a second feed structure of the antenna element are both connected to the feed network.

[0039] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an antenna system including a feed network and an antenna array as described in the second aspect, wherein the first and second feed structures of the antenna elements are both connected to the feed network.

[0040] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device that includes an antenna system as described in the third or fourth aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 illustrates an application scenario for wireless communication between a base station and a terminal device;

[0042] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 is a top view of the antenna element shown in Figure 2;

[0044] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the first traverse in Figure 2;

[0045] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the second line in Figure 2;

[0046] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the assembly of a single first antenna, a single second antenna, a reflector, and an insulating support in Figure 2.

[0047] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second type of antenna unit provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 8 is a top view of the first radiating patch and the first feeding patch in Figure 2 in combination;

[0049] Figure 9 is a top view of the second type of first radiating patch provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 10 is a top view of the third type of first radiating patch provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0051] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the dielectric substrate and the metal layer provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 12 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third type of antenna unit provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the first traverse in Figure 12;

[0054] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the coupling coefficient between the first antenna and the second antenna of the antenna unit shown in Figure 12 at the ports in the high-frequency band.

[0055] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 10, First antenna; 11, First radiating patch; 111, Sub-radiating patch; 12, First feed structure; 121, First feed patch; 122, First feed component; 13, Wave-transmitting slot; 14, First feed line; 15, First filter structure; 16, First coupling gap; 20, Second antenna; 21, Second radiating patch; 22, Second feed structure; 221, Second feed patch; 222, Second feed component; 23, Second feed line; 24, Second coupling gap; 25, Slot; 30, Reflector; 40, Insulating support; 41, First dielectric substrate; 42, Second dielectric substrate; 43, Third dielectric substrate; 100, Antenna element; 200, Antenna array; Detailed Implementation

[0056] The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is for the purpose of explaining specific embodiments of this application only, and is not intended to limit this application.

[0057] The following explains the terminology that may appear in the embodiments of this application.

[0058] Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as a direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," which can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Indirect coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors through a gap / non-contact method. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts.

[0059] Radiator: In an antenna, this is the device used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly defined as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0060] Operating Frequency Band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, its operating frequency band includes the B40 band. The frequency range that meets the specifications can be considered the antenna's operating frequency band. The width of the operating frequency band is called the operating bandwidth. The operating bandwidth of an omnidirectional antenna may reach 3-5% of the center frequency. The operating bandwidth of a directional antenna may reach 5-10% of the center frequency. Bandwidth can be considered as a frequency range on both sides of the center frequency (e.g., the resonant frequency of a dipole), where the antenna characteristics are within the acceptable range of the center frequency.

[0061] Electrical length: Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the time it takes for an electrical or electromagnetic signal to travel in a medium to the time required for that signal to travel a distance in free space equal to the physical length of the medium. Electrical length can be expressed by the following formula:

[0062] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0063] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0064] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0065] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming the center frequency of the B1 uplink band (resonant frequency from 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, then the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using this frequency. Not limited to the center frequency, "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

[0066] Isolation: This refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna through a transmitted signal from another antenna to the signal received by the transmitting antenna itself. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of mutual coupling between antennas. In other words, the less signal one antenna receives from another antenna, the better the isolation between the two antennas, and the lower the degree of interference.

[0067] This application provides a communication device, which includes, but is not limited to, base stations, radars, switches, routers, gateways, servers, network interface cards, wireless access points, modems, optical transceivers, fiber optic transceivers, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and wearable devices (such as smart glasses, smart bracelets, smartwatches, and wireless headphones). The following description uses a base station as an example.

[0068] The base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an Evolutionary Node B (eNB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station can also be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments in this application are not limited thereto.

[0069] Figure 1 illustrates an application scenario of wireless communication between a base station and a terminal device. It should be noted that antennas F1 and F2 in Figure 1 represent antennas operating in different frequency bands.

[0070] As shown in Figure 1, a base station is used to provide wireless signal coverage in a cell to enable communication between terminal devices and the wireless network. The base station includes a base station antenna, which is a type of antenna system. The base station antenna is used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals to enable communication between terminal devices and the wireless network.

[0071] The terminal device can be a mobile phone (as shown in Figure 1), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or other devices.

[0072] The base station antenna is a multi-frequency antenna, which includes multiple antennas with different operating frequency bands (such as antennas F1 and F2 in Figure 1). The antennas of different frequency bands can work independently. The base station antenna covers multiple communication frequency bands at the same time, which can effectively save base station site and improve the communication coverage and density of the base station.

[0073] In related technologies, base station antennas are massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas. A base station antenna comprises multiple arrayed antenna elements, including high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) antennas. Both HF and LF antennas are dipole antennas, and the distance between them is relatively large to reduce mutual interference and improve isolation. However, increasing the distance between HF and LF antennas to reduce mutual interference results in a high antenna element profile, thus increasing the overall height of the base station antenna.

[0074] In this embodiment, the X-axis is defined as the length direction of the reflector 30, the Y-axis is defined as the width direction of the reflector 30, and the Z-axis is defined as the thickness direction of the reflector 30. Furthermore, the thickness direction of the reflector 30 is parallel to the thickness direction of the antenna element 100, the length direction of the reflector 30 is parallel to the length direction of the antenna element 100, and the width direction of the reflector 30 is parallel to the width direction of the antenna element 100.

[0075] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0076] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide an antenna element 100, an antenna array 200, and an antenna system. The antenna system includes at least one antenna element 100. The high-frequency antenna (20 in Figure 2) and low-frequency antenna (10 in Figure 2) of each antenna element 100 are both patch antennas. The radiators of both the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas are radiating patches (11 and 21 in Figure 2), giving the antenna element 100 the advantages of low profile and miniaturization, thus giving the antenna system the advantages of low profile and miniaturization. Furthermore, the radiating patch of the low-frequency antenna is provided with a wave-transmitting slot 13 as a decoupling structure. The wave-transmitting slot 13 has a spatial filtering (wave-transmitting) function for the operating frequency of the high-frequency antenna, achieving electromagnetic transparency of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna, reducing the mutual influence between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas, and improving the isolation between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas.

[0077] In this embodiment, the antenna system includes a feed network and at least one antenna element 100. The feed network is electrically connected to the antenna element 100 and can be electrically connected to a receiver or transmitter, thereby enabling the antenna element 100 to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals.

[0078] In one embodiment, the power supply network may include at least one microstrip line electrically connected to a printed circuit board.

[0079] In one embodiment, the feed network may also include at least one coaxial cable connected to the antenna element 100.

[0080] In one embodiment, the number of antenna elements 100 can be one.

[0081] In one embodiment, the number of antenna elements 100 can be at least two, and at least two antenna elements 100 constitute an antenna array 200. The more antenna elements 100 there are, the higher the gain and coverage capacity of the antenna system.

[0082] In one embodiment, at least two antenna elements 100 can be arranged in an array along a first direction, and the antenna array 200 is a one-dimensional array.

[0083] In one embodiment, at least two antenna elements 100 can be arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, and the antenna array 200 is a two-dimensional array. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

[0084] The antenna element 100 provided in this application embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0085] Example 1

[0086] Figure 3 is a top view of the antenna element shown in Figure 2.

[0087] As shown in Figure 2, the antenna unit 100 includes a reflector 30, an insulating support 40 (as shown in Figure 2), at least one first antenna 10, and at least one second antenna 20. The insulating support 40 is used to support the first antenna 10, the second antenna 20, and the reflector 30.

[0088] It should be noted that, in addition to the reflector 30, the first antenna 10, the second antenna 20, and the insulating support 40, the antenna unit 100 may also include other structures, such as a floor.

[0089] For example, as shown in Figure 3, the number of first antennas 10 is one. Of course, the number of first antennas 10 can also be more than one, for example, the number of first antennas 10 can be three.

[0090] It should be noted that when the number of first antennas 10 is at least two, the at least two first antennas 10 can form a one-dimensional array, a two-dimensional array, a circular array, or other arrays.

[0091] In some embodiments, when the number of first antennas 10 is at least two, the spacing between two adjacent first antennas 10 can be one-half to two-half of the operating wavelength of the first antenna 10. In this way, a larger number of first antennas 10 can be arranged in a unit area, thereby improving the gain of the antenna system.

[0092] For example, as shown in Figure 3, there are four second-day lines 20, arranged in a 2x2 pattern. Of course, the number of second-day lines 20 can be less or more than four; for example, there can be three second-day lines 20.

[0093] It should be noted that when the number of second-day antennas 20 is at least two, the at least two second-day antennas 20 can form a one-dimensional array, a circular array, etc., in addition to forming a two-dimensional array.

[0094] In some embodiments, when the number of second antennas 20 is at least two, the spacing between two adjacent second antennas 20 can be one-half to two-half of the operating wavelength of the second antenna 20. This allows for a greater number of second antennas 20 to be arranged per unit area, improving the gain of the antenna system.

[0095] When the number of antenna elements 100 is at least two, in one embodiment, the number of first antennas 10 in the at least two antenna elements 100 is the same, and / or the number of second antennas 20 in the at least two antenna elements 100 is the same, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the antenna system. In another embodiment, the number of first antennas 10 in any two antenna elements 100 may also be different, and / or the number of second antennas 20 in any two antenna elements 100 may also be different.

[0096] When there are multiple antenna elements 100, in some embodiments, the reflector 30 of two adjacent antenna elements 100 can be an integral structure. In this case, any two antenna elements 100 can share the same reflector 30, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the antenna system.

[0097] In this embodiment, the operating frequency band of the first antenna 10 is lower than that of the second antenna 20, or conversely, the operating frequency band of the second antenna 20 is higher than that of the first antenna 10. Therefore, the first antenna 10 can also be called a low-frequency antenna (LB antenna), and the second antenna 20 can also be called a high-frequency antenna (HB antenna). The operating frequency band of the first antenna 10 can also be called a low-frequency band, and the operating frequency band of the second antenna 20 can also be called a high-frequency band. In this way, the antenna element 100 is a dual-frequency antenna, which can meet the needs of different frequency bands.

[0098] When the number of antenna elements 100 is at least two, in some embodiments, the first antenna 10 of the at least two antenna elements 100 may operate in the same frequency band, and the second antenna 20 of the at least two antenna elements 100 may operate in the same frequency band. For example, the first antenna 10 of any two antenna elements 100 may operate in the same frequency band, and the second antenna 20 of any two antenna elements 100 may operate in the same frequency band.

[0099] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the first traverse in Figure 2.

[0100] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the first antenna 10 includes a first radiating patch 11, a first feeding structure 12, and a wave-transparent structure. The first end of the first feeding structure 12 is used to connect to a feeding network, and the second end of the first feeding structure 12 is fed and coupled to the first radiating patch 11. The wave-transparent structure includes at least one wave-transparent slot 13 extending through the first radiating patch 11 along the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30; the wave-transparent slot 13 serves as a decoupling structure.

[0101] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the second antenna in Figure 2, and Figure 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cooperation of a single first antenna, a single second antenna, a reflector and an insulating support in Figure 2.

[0102] As shown in Figure 5, the second antenna 20 includes a second radiating patch 21 and a second feeding structure 22. The first end of the second feeding structure 22 is used to connect to the feeding network, and the second end of the second feeding structure 22 is coupled to the second radiating patch 21. As shown in Figure 6, along the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30, the first radiating patch 11 and the reflector 30 are located on opposite sides of the second radiating patch 21 and are spaced apart from it.

[0103] The radiator of the first antenna 10 is a first radiating patch 11, making the first antenna 10 a patch antenna with a low profile. The radiator of the second antenna 20 is a second radiating patch 21, making the second antenna 20 a patch antenna with a low profile. Therefore, both the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 are patch antennas, giving the antenna element 100 the advantages of low profile and miniaturization, thus giving the antenna system the advantages of low profile and miniaturization.

[0104] The cross-sectional height of the second antenna 20 is smaller than that of the first antenna 10, causing the second radiating patch 21 to be located between the first radiating patch 11 and the reflector 30. The distance between the first radiating patch 11 and the second radiating patch 21 in the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30 is small. The first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 are mutually coupled. When the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 are in resonance, they will receive each other's signals, causing signal interference. The isolation between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 is poor. In this embodiment, a wave-transmitting slot 13 is provided on the first radiating patch 11 as a decoupling structure. The wave-transmitting slot 13 has a spatial filtering (wave-transmitting) function for the operating frequency of the high-frequency antenna, realizing the electromagnetic transparency of the low-frequency antenna to the high-frequency antenna, reducing the mutual influence between the high-frequency antenna and the low-frequency antenna, and improving the isolation between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20. In addition, it can also reduce the high-frequency signals reflected to the second antenna 20, improving the radiation performance of the second antenna 20.

[0105] The profile height of an antenna refers to the distance between the antenna's radiating patch and the reflector 30 along the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30. For example, the distance between the first radiating patch 11 of the first antenna 10 and the reflector 30 along the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30. Furthermore, the profile height of an antenna is equal to the antenna's operating wavelength multiplied by A; that is, the profile height of an antenna is equal to A times the antenna's operating wavelength. Here, A can be a value such as 0.05, 0.06, 0.1, 0.15, etc., without specific limitations.

[0106] In some embodiments, the profile height of the first antenna 10 may be less than or equal to 0.1 times the operating wavelength of the first antenna 10.

[0107] In some embodiments, the profile height of the second antenna 20 may be less than or equal to 0.1 times the operating wavelength of the second antenna 20.

[0108] Figure 8 is a top view of the first radiating patch and the first feeding patch in Figure 2, Figure 9 is a top view of the second type of first radiating patch provided in the embodiment of this application, and Figure 10 is a top view of the third type of first radiating patch provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0109] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the wave-transmitting slot 13 is not limited. The wave-transmitting slot 13 can be an annular slot (as shown in Figure 8), a C-shaped slot (as shown in Figure 9), or a cross-shaped slot (as shown in Figure 10), etc.

[0110] For example, as shown in FIG8, the wave-transparent structure includes four wave-transparent slots 13. Of course, the number of wave-transparent slots 13 may be less than or more than four. For example, the number of wave-transparent slots 13 may also be one (as shown in FIG9).

[0111] In one embodiment, in at least one first radiating patch 11, the number of wave-transmitting slits 13 is at least two, and any two wave-transmitting slits 13 are of the same type. For example, as shown in FIG8, all four wave-transmitting slits 13 are annular slits.

[0112] In one embodiment, in at least one first radiating patch 11, the number of wave-transmitting slits 13 is at least two, and a portion of the at least two wave-transmitting slits 13 are of the same type, while another portion is of the same type.

[0113] In one embodiment, the number of wave-transmitting slots 13 in the same first radiating patch 11 is at least two, and the structure of any two wave-transmitting slots 13 can be the same. For example, as shown in FIG9, the number of any two wave-transmitting slots 13 can be C-shaped slots with the same structure.

[0114] In one embodiment, in the same first radiating patch 11, there are at least two wave-transmitting slots 13. Some of the at least two wave-transmitting slots 13 have the same structure, while the other part has a different structure. For example, as shown in FIG8, two of the four wave-transmitting slots 13 can be rectangular rings, and the other two can be trapezoidal rings.

[0115] In some possible implementations, as shown in Figure 9 or Figure 10, the first radiating patch 11 is an integral structure, or in other words, the first radiating patch 11 is an integral structure.

[0116] In some possible implementations, the first radiating patch 11 can be a split structure, that is, the first radiating patch 11 can also include multiple sub-radiating patches 111, which together form at least one wave-transparent slot 13. For example, in Figure 8, there are five sub-radiating patches 111, one of which has four through holes, and one sub-radiating patch 111 is disposed inside each through hole. The other four sub-radiating patches 111 and the inner walls of the four through holes form four wave-transparent slots 13.

[0117] Of course, the number of sub-radiating plates 111 can be less than or more than four. For example, the number of sub-radiating plates 111 is four, the four sub-radiating plates 111 are arranged in a 2X2 array, and the four sub-radiating plates 111 form a cross-shaped slit that serves as a wave-transmitting slit 13.

[0118] In some possible implementations, referring to Figure 2, the orthographic projection of at least one first radiating patch 11 on the reflector 30 partially coincides with the orthographic projection of at least one second radiating patch 21 on the reflector 30. This reduces the size of the antenna element 100 in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30, contributing to the miniaturization of the antenna element 100.

[0119] For example, as shown in FIG2, there are four second radiating patches 21 arranged in a 2x2 pattern, and one first radiating patch 11, which overlaps with the orthographic projection of two of the second radiating patches 21 onto the reflector 30.

[0120] It should be noted that, in some scenarios, the first radiating patch 11 may not coincide with the orthographic projection of at least one second radiating patch 21 onto the reflector 30. In this case, the spacing between the first radiating patch 11 and the second radiating patch 21 in the thickness direction Z perpendicular to the reflector 30 can be designed to reduce the volume of the antenna element 100.

[0121] In some possible implementations, referring to Figures 4 and 6, the first power supply structure 12 and the first radiating patch 11 are spaced apart, and there is a first coupling gap 16 between the first power supply structure 12 and the first radiating patch 11. The first power supply structure 12 is indirectly coupled to the first radiating patch 11 through the first coupling gap 16. The first power supply structure 12 is used to couple power to the first radiating patch 11.

[0122] In this way, the first feeding structure 12 feeds the first radiating patch 11 through coupling feeding, which can cut off the direct interference path between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20, thereby improving the isolation between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20.

[0123] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG8, the first coupling gap 16 can be an L-shaped gap, or in other words, the shape of the orthographic projection of the first coupling gap 16 on the reflector 30 is L-shaped, which can further improve the isolation between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20.

[0124] It should be noted that the first coupling gap 16 can be an L-shaped gap, or a straight gap or other shapes.

[0125] In some possible implementations, the first feeding structure 12 can also be directly coupled (directly connected) to the first radiating patch 11, and the first feeding structure 12 feeds the first radiating patch 11 by direct feeding.

[0126] In some possible implementations, as shown in Figure 4, there are two first feeding structures 12. One first feeding structure 12 is used to excite the first radiating patch 11 to generate a first polarization, and the other first feeding structure 12 is used to excite the first radiating patch 11 to generate a second polarization. The direction of the second polarization is different from the direction of the first polarization.

[0127] In this way, the two first feeding structures 12 excite the first radiating patch 11 to generate two polarizations in different directions, making the first antenna 10 a dual-polarized antenna.

[0128] In some embodiments, the direction of the first polarization is orthogonal to the direction of the second polarization, achieving ±45° polarization.

[0129] Of course, the first polarization and the second polarization can also be other polarizations, for example, the first polarization is vertical polarization and the second polarization is horizontal polarization.

[0130] In some embodiments, the first radiating patch 11 has two first feed points, which are located at two adjacent corners of the first radiating patch 11, respectively. The two first feed points correspond one-to-one with two first feed structures 12, and the first feed points are coupled to the corresponding first feed structures 12. Thus, as shown in FIG4, the two first feed structures 12 are located at two adjacent corners of the first radiating patch 11, which can achieve ±45° polarization.

[0131] In other embodiments, the two first feed points may also be located at the midpoint of adjacent sides of the first radiating patch 11. That is, the two first feed structures 12 are located at the midpoint of adjacent sides of the first radiating patch 11 to form an orthogonal edge feed scheme and achieve vertical / horizontal polarization.

[0132] In some possible implementations, the number of first feeding structures 12 can also be one. The first feeding structure 12 excites the first radiating patch 11 to generate a single-directional polarization. For example, the first feeding structure 12 excites the first radiating patch 11 to generate horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, or circular polarization, so that the first antenna 10 is a single-polarization antenna such as a circularly polarized antenna, a horizontally polarized antenna, or a vertically polarized antenna.

[0133] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the first power supply structure 12 is not limited. It can be determined based on factors such as the power supply method between the first power supply structure 12 and the first radiating patch 11, and the structure of the insulating support member 40.

[0134] For example, referring to Figures 4 and 6, the first power supply structure 12 includes a first power supply patch 121 and a first power supply element 122. The first end of the first power supply element 122 is directly coupled (or directly connected) to the first power supply patch 121, and the second end of the first power supply element 122 is used for electrical connection with the power supply network. The first power supply patch 121 and the first radiating patch 11 are arranged in the same layer. There is a first coupling gap 16 between the first power supply patch 121 and the first radiating patch 11. The first power supply patch 121 couples power to the first radiating patch 11 through the first coupling gap 16.

[0135] For example, as shown in FIG4, the first power supply patch 121 is rectangular in shape. Of course, the shape of the first power supply patch 121 can also be other shapes, such as trapezoidal.

[0136] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the first power supply component 122 can be a first power supply probe. One end of the first power supply probe is electrically connected to the first power supply patch 121, and the other end of the first power supply probe is electrically connected to the power supply network. The first power supply probe can be a metallized via (e.g., as shown in FIG6), a metal post, etc.

[0137] It should be noted that the first power supply probe may or may not pass through the reflector 30. For example, as shown in Figure 6, the first power supply probe passes through the reflector 30. In this case, the end of the first power supply probe away from the first power supply patch 121 extends to the other side of the reflector 30 away from the first reflective patch 11.

[0138] It is understandable that the fact that the first feed probe passes through the reflector 30 means that the reflector 30 has a structure such as a through hole or notch for the first feed probe to pass through.

[0139] In some embodiments, the first power supply element 122 may also be a microstrip line.

[0140] It should be noted that the first power feeding structure 12 and the first radiating patch 11 can be located on the same side of the reflector 30, or a portion of the first power feeding structure 12 and the first radiating patch 11 can be located on the same side of the reflector 30, and a portion of the first power feeding structure 12 and the first radiating patch 11 can be located on opposite sides of the reflector 30.

[0141] It should also be noted that when the first power feeding structure 12 feeds the first radiating patch 11 by direct power feeding, the first power feeding patch 121 and the first radiating patch 11 can be an integral structure, or the first power feeding structure 12 can be formed by the first power feeding component 122, and the first power feeding component 122 is directly connected to the first radiating patch 11.

[0142] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the two first feeding structures 12 can have the same structure, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the antenna system.

[0143] In some embodiments, the structures of the two first power supply structures 12 may also be different.

[0144] In some possible implementations, referring to Figures 5 and 6, the second power supply structure 22 is spaced apart from the second radiating patch 21, and there is a second coupling gap 24 between the second power supply structure 22 and the second radiating patch 21. The second power supply structure 22 is indirectly coupled to the second radiating patch 21 through the second coupling gap 24. The second power supply structure 22 is used to couple power to the second radiating patch 21.

[0145] In this way, the second feeding structure 22 feeds the second radiating patch 21 through coupling feeding, which can cut off the direct interference path between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20, thereby improving the isolation between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20.

[0146] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5, the second coupling gap 24 can be an L-shaped gap, or in other words, the shape of the orthographic projection of the second coupling gap 24 on the reflector 30 is L-shaped, which can further improve the isolation between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20.

[0147] It should be noted that the second coupling gap 24 can be an L-shaped gap, or a straight gap or other shapes of coupling gap.

[0148] In some possible implementations, the second feeding structure 22 can also be directly coupled (directly connected) to the second radiating patch 21, and the second feeding structure 22 feeds the second radiating patch 21 by direct feeding.

[0149] In some possible implementations, as shown in Figure 3, there are two second feeding structures 22. One second feeding structure 22 is used to excite the second radiating patch 21 to generate a third polarization, and the other second feeding structure 22 is used to excite the second radiating patch 21 to generate a fourth polarization. The directions of the third polarization and the fourth polarization are different.

[0150] In some embodiments, the direction of the third polarization is orthogonal to the direction of the fourth polarization, achieving ±45° polarization.

[0151] Of course, the third and fourth polarizations can also be other polarizations, for example, the third polarization is vertical polarization and the fourth polarization is horizontal polarization.

[0152] In some embodiments, the second radiating patch 21 has two second feed points, which are located at two adjacent corners of the second radiating patch 21, respectively. Each second feed point corresponds to one of two second feed structures 22, and the second feed points are coupled to their corresponding second feed structures 22. Thus, as shown in FIG5, the two second feed structures 22 are positioned at two adjacent corners of the second radiating patch 21, enabling ±45° polarization.

[0153] In other embodiments, the two second feed points may also be located at the midpoint of adjacent sides of the second radiating patch 21, that is, the two second feed structures 22 are located at the midpoint of adjacent sides of the second radiating patch 21 to form an orthogonal edge feed scheme and achieve vertical / horizontal polarization.

[0154] In some possible implementations, the number of second feeding structures 22 can also be one. The second feeding structure 22 excites the second radiating patch 21 to generate a single-directional polarization. For example, the second feeding structure 22 excites the second radiating patch 21 to generate horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, or circular polarization, so that the second antenna 20 is a single-polarized antenna such as a circularly polarized antenna, a horizontally polarized antenna, or a vertically polarized antenna.

[0155] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the second feeding structure 22 is not limited. It can be determined based on factors such as the feeding method between the second feeding structure 22 and the second radiating patch 21, and the structure of the insulating support 40.

[0156] For example, referring to Figures 5 and 6, the second power supply structure 22 includes a second power supply patch 221 and a second power supply element 222. The second end of the second power supply element 222 is directly coupled (or directly connected) to the second power supply patch 221. The second end of the second power supply element 222 is used for electrical connection with the power supply network. The second power supply patch 221 and the second radiating patch 21 are arranged in the same layer. There is a second coupling gap 24 between the second power supply patch 221 and the second radiating patch 21. The second power supply patch 221 couples power to the second radiating patch 21 through the second coupling gap 24.

[0157] For example, as shown in FIG5, the second power supply patch 221 is rectangular in shape. Of course, the shape of the second power supply patch 221 can also be other shapes, such as trapezoidal.

[0158] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6, the second power supply component 222 can be a second power supply probe. One end of the second power supply probe is electrically connected to the second power supply patch 221, and the other end of the second power supply probe is electrically connected to the power supply network. The second power supply probe can be a metallized via (e.g., as shown in FIG6), a metal pillar, etc.

[0159] It should be noted that the second feeding probe may or may not pass through the reflector 30. For example, as shown in Figure 6, the second feeding probe passes through the reflector 30. In this case, the end of the second feeding probe away from the second feeding patch 221 extends to the other side of the reflector 30 away from the second reflective patch 21.

[0160] It is understandable that the fact that the second feed probe passes through the reflector 30 means that the reflector 30 has a structure such as a through hole or notch for the second feed probe to pass through.

[0161] In some embodiments, the second power supply element 222 may also be a microstrip line.

[0162] It should be noted that the second power supply structure 22 and the second radiating patch 21 can be located on the same side of the reflector 30, or a portion of the second power supply structure 22 and the second radiating patch 21 can be located on the same side of the reflector 30, or a portion of the second power supply structure 22 and the second radiating patch 21 can be located on opposite sides of the reflector 30.

[0163] It should also be noted that when the second power supply structure 22 supplies power to the second radiating patch 21 by direct power supply, the second power supply patch 221 and the second radiating patch 21 can be an integral structure, or the second power supply structure 22 can be formed by the second power supply component 222, and the second power supply component 222 is directly connected to the second radiating patch 21.

[0164] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG5, the two second feeding structures 22 can have the same structure, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the antenna system.

[0165] In some embodiments, the structures of the two second power supply structures 22 may also be different.

[0166] In some possible implementations, as shown in Figures 4 and 6, the first antenna 10 further includes a first feed line 14. The first end of the first feed line 14 is electrically connected to the first feeding structure 12, and the second end of the first feed line 14 is used for electrical connection to the feeding network. Thus, the first feed line 14 serves as an external interface for the first antenna 10, enabling the first antenna 10 to be electrically connected to the feeding network.

[0167] In some possible implementations, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the second antenna 20 further includes a second feeder 23. The second end of the second feeder 23 is electrically connected to the second power supply structure 22, and the second end of the second feeder 23 is used for electrical connection to the power supply network. Thus, the second feeder 23 serves as an external interface for the second antenna 20, enabling the second antenna 20 to be electrically connected to the power supply network.

[0168] In some possible implementations, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 coexist, as shown in Figure 6. The first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are located on the same side of the reflector 30 along the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30, which can reduce stacking and help reduce the thickness of the antenna element 100.

[0169] In one embodiment, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are both located on the side of the reflector 30 close to the first radiating patch 11, that is, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are both located between the first radiating patch 11 and the reflector 30.

[0170] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG6, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are both located on the other side of the reflector 30 away from the first radiating patch 11. That is, the reflector 30 is located between the first radiating patch 11 and the first feed line 14 and between the first radiating patch 11 and the second feed line 23.

[0171] When the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are located on the same side of the reflector 30, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG6, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 can be arranged in the same layer. That is, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are spaced at the same distance from the reflector 30 in the thickness direction of the reflector 30, which can further reduce the thickness of the antenna element 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 can also be spaced apart along the thickness direction of the reflector 30. In this case, the distance between the reflector 30 and the first feed line 14 is different from the distance between the reflector 30 and the second feed line 23, so that the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are arranged in different layers.

[0172] In some possible implementations, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 coexist. The first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are located on opposite sides of the reflector 30 along the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30. Placing the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 on different layers can provide more sufficient wiring space and also ensure good isolation between the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23.

[0173] In some embodiments, along the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30, the first feed line 14 is located between the first radiating patch 11 and the reflector 30, and the reflector 30 is located between the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23. Alternatively, in some embodiments, along the thickness direction Z of the reflector 30, the second feed line 23 is located between the first radiating patch 11 and the reflector 30, and the reflector 30 is located between the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23.

[0174] It should be noted that when at least one of the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 is located on the side of the reflector 30 away from the first radiating patch 11, in some scenarios, the antenna unit 100 may also include a ground plane located on the side of the reflector 30 away from the first radiating patch 30. In this case, at least one of the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 is located between the reflector 30 and the ground plane, and the feed network connected to the first feed line 14 and / or the second feed line 23 is located between the reflector 30 and the ground plane. The ground plane can prevent the feed network connected to the first feed line 14 and / or the second feed line 23 from affecting other radio frequency circuits.

[0175] It should also be noted that, in addition to the simultaneous presence of the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23, in some embodiments, the antenna element 100 may also have only one of the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23. Alternatively, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG7, the antenna element 100 may also omit the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23. In this case, both the first feeding structure 12 and the second feeding structure 22 are directly connected to the feeding network. FIG7 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the second type of antenna element provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0176] The reflector 30 can also be called a base plate, antenna panel, or reflective surface. As shown in Figure 2, there is only one reflector 30, and any first antenna 10 and any second antenna 20 share the same reflector 30. The reflector 30 can be made of metal materials, such as copper or aluminum.

[0177] As shown in Figure 6, the first radiating patch 11 and the second radiating patch 21 are located on the same side of the reflector 30. When the first radiating patch 11 or the second radiating patch 21 receives antenna signals, the reflector 30 can reflect and focus the antenna signals onto the receiving point, thereby achieving directional reception; when the first radiating patch 11 or the second radiating patch 21 transmits antenna signals, the reflector 30 can achieve directional transmission of antenna signals. The reflector 30 can enhance the antenna signal reception or transmission capability of the first radiating patch 11 or the second radiating patch 21, and can also block and shield the interference of other signals from the back of the reflector 30 (the back refers to the side of the reflector 30 facing away from the first radiating patch 11 or the second radiating patch 21), thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0178] In some possible implementations, as shown in Figures 2 and 6, the insulating support 40 is a substrate, which includes at least two stacked dielectric substrates. The at least two dielectric substrates include a first dielectric substrate 41 and a second dielectric substrate 42. The first dielectric substrate 41 is located between the first radiating patch 11 and the second radiating patch 21, and the second dielectric substrate 42 is located between the reflector 30 and the second radiating patch 21. The first radiating patch 11 is fixedly connected to the first dielectric substrate 41, the second radiating patch 21 is located between the first dielectric substrate 41 and the second dielectric substrate 42, and the reflector 30 is fixedly connected to the second dielectric substrate 42. Thus, by using a substrate to support the reflector 30, the first antenna 10, and the second antenna 20, the cross-section of the antenna element 100 can be reduced, achieving planarization of the antenna element 100.

[0179] Of course, the number of dielectric substrates can be more than two in addition to two. For example, as shown in FIG6, the substrate further includes a third dielectric substrate 43. The third dielectric substrate 43 and the second dielectric substrate 42 are located on opposite sides of the reflector 30, respectively. The first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are located on the same side of the third dielectric substrate 43. The first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are both located on the side of the third dielectric substrate 43 away from the second dielectric substrate 42. The first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 are fixedly connected to the third dielectric substrate 43.

[0180] It should be noted that, in some scenarios, in addition to sharing the same dielectric substrate, the first feed line 14 and the second feed line 23 can also be fixedly connected to a dielectric substrate respectively.

[0181] The first radiating patch 11, the second radiating patch 21, the reflector 30, the first feed line 14, the second feed line 23, the first feed patch 121, and the second feed patch 221 can all be metal layers disposed on the dielectric substrate, or layer structures formed on a surface of the dielectric substrate by vapor deposition. The first feed element 122 and the second feed element 222 can both be metallized vias. Therefore, PCB technology can be used to fabricate the first antenna 10, the second antenna 20, and the reflector 30 on the substrate, improving the manufacturing efficiency of the antenna unit 100.

[0182] The dielectric substrate, serving as the supporting base material, can be made of insulating materials, including one or more of plastic materials, foam materials, alumina, magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, silicon dioxide, or carbon fiber; alternatively, the dielectric substrate can be the substrate of a printed circuit board (PCB). It features a simple overall structure, good processability, and low cost. In specific applications, the substrate can be selected based on a combination of manufacturing costs and the functional requirements of the actual application scenario.

[0183] In some embodiments, any one of the dielectric substrates is a foam substrate, and the material of the dielectric substrate is foam material. The foam material has many pores inside, which makes the dielectric substrate lightweight, thereby reducing the weight of the antenna unit 100 and realizing a lightweight design.

[0184] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the dielectric substrate and the metal layer provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0185] In some possible implementations, as shown in Figure 11, the substrate may also include multiple insulating adhesive layers. These insulating adhesive layers are used to connect the metal layer and the dielectric substrate, thereby strengthening the bond between the two and improving the reliability of their connection.

[0186] The metal layer can be a layer structure such as a first radiating patch 11, a second radiating patch 21, a first feed line 14, and a second feed line 23.

[0187] In some embodiments, the substrate may include a first insulating adhesive layer, two second insulating adhesive layers, and a third insulating adhesive layer. The first radiating patch 11 is bonded to the first dielectric substrate 41 via the first insulating adhesive layer. The two second insulating adhesive layers are located on opposite sides of the second radiating patch 21, and the opposite sides of the second radiating patch 21 are bonded to the first dielectric substrate 41 and the second dielectric substrate 42 respectively via the two second insulating adhesive layers. The reflector 30 is bonded to the second dielectric substrate 42 via the third insulating adhesive layer.

[0188] The insulating adhesive layer is made of insulating materials with adhesive properties. For example, the insulating adhesive layer can be a prepreg (PP), epoxy resin film, polyurethane film, etc.

[0189] It should be noted that when the first antenna 10, the second antenna 20 and the reflector 30 are all integrated on the substrate, the antenna unit 100 can be a multi-layer circuit board structure.

[0190] In one embodiment, the antenna unit 100 is a single-piece multilayer circuit board.

[0191] In one embodiment, the antenna element 100 is composed of multiple single-layer circuit boards stacked together.

[0192] In one embodiment, the antenna unit 100 is formed by bonding at least one single-layer circuit board and at least one multi-layer circuit board.

[0193] It should be noted that, in addition to being a substrate, the insulating support 40 can also be implemented in some embodiments by using a PCB board combined with sheet metal sheets and plastic brackets.

[0194] Example 2

[0195] Figure 12 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the third type of antenna unit provided in the embodiment of this application. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the first antenna in Figure 12. Figure 14 is a curve schematic diagram of the coupling coefficient between the first antenna and the second antenna of the antenna unit shown in Figure 12 at the ports in the high-frequency band.

[0196] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is as follows:

[0197] When the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 are mutually coupled, the high-frequency signal of the second antenna 20 will enter the first feed structure 12, and then enter the feed network through the first feed line 14, finally entering the high-frequency receiver or transmitter, forming crosstalk. In this embodiment, a first filter structure 15 is connected to the first feed line 14. The first filter structure 15 has a suppressive effect on the high-frequency signal of the second antenna 20, reducing the high-frequency signal entering the high-frequency receiver or transmitter, thereby increasing the isolation between the ports of the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 in the high-frequency band. For example, as shown in Figure 14, the coupling coefficient of the coupling system between the ports of the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 in the high-frequency band is less than -30dB, that is, the isolation between the ports of the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 in the high-frequency band is greater than 30dB.

[0198] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG13, the first filter structure 15 can be a first open stub, the electrical length of which is one-eighth to three-eighths of the operating wavelength of the second antenna 20. The first open stub can be equivalent to a filter, which can suppress high-frequency signals while reducing the volume of the first filter structure 15, thus helping to reduce the volume of the antenna element 100.

[0199] It is understandable that the end of the first open-circuit stub is not connected to any other conductor, that is, the end of the first open-circuit stub is in an open-circuit state.

[0200] The specific structure of the first open-circuit stub is not limited here. For example, as shown in Figure 13, the first open-circuit stub includes a straight segment and a U-shaped segment. A vertical segment of the U-shaped segment is connected to the first feeder 14 through the straight segment, and the straight segment is perpendicular to the vertical segment of the U-shaped segment.

[0201] For example, the electrical length of the first open-circuit stub can be one-quarter of the operating wavelength of the second antenna 20. Of course, in addition to being one-quarter of the operating wavelength of the second antenna 20, the electrical length of the first open-circuit stub can also be 1.5 / 8, 3 / 8, etc., of the operating wavelength of the second antenna 20.

[0202] In some possible implementations, the first filter structure 15 can also be a first short-circuit stub. The electrical length of the first short-circuit stub is three-eighths to five-eighths of the operating wavelength of the second antenna 20. The first short-circuit stub can be equivalent to a filter, which can suppress high-frequency signals and improve the isolation between the ports of the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 in the high-frequency band, thereby improving the isolation between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20.

[0203] The first short-circuit stub is a stub structure with its end grounded. Furthermore, the electrical length of the first short-circuit stub can be 3 / 8, 1 / 2, or 5 / 8 of the operating wavelength of the second antenna 20.

[0204] It should be noted that, in addition to being a first open-circuit stub or a first short-circuit stub, in some embodiments, the first filter structure 15 can also be a stripline filter or a microstrip line filter.

[0205] In some possible implementations, the second feeder 20 also includes a second filter structure (not shown in the figure), which is connected to the second feeder 23.

[0206] Specifically, after the first antenna 10 is coupled to the second antenna 20, the low-frequency signal of the first antenna 10 enters the second feed structure 22. The low-frequency signal then enters the feed network through the second feed line 23, and finally enters the low-frequency receiver or transmitter, forming crosstalk. In this embodiment, a second filter structure is connected to the second feed line 23. The second filter structure suppresses the low-frequency signal of the first antenna 10, reducing the low-frequency signal entering the low-frequency receiver or transmitter, thereby increasing the isolation between the ports of the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 in the low-frequency band.

[0207] In some possible implementations, the second filter structure is a second open stub, the electrical length of which is one-eighth to three-eighths of the operating wavelength of the first antenna 10. The second open stub can be equivalent to a filter, which can suppress low-frequency signals while reducing the volume of the first filter structure 15, thus helping to reduce the volume of the antenna element 100.

[0208] It is understandable that the end of the second open-circuit stub is not connected to any other conductor, that is, the end of the second open-circuit stub is in an open-circuit state.

[0209] For example, the electrical length of the second open-circuit stub can be one-quarter of the operating wavelength of the first antenna 10. Of course, in addition to being one-quarter of the operating wavelength of the first antenna 10, the electrical length of the second open-circuit stub can also be 1.5 / 8, 3 / 8, etc., of the operating wavelength of the first antenna 10.

[0210] In some other possible implementations, the second filter structure can also be a second short-circuit stub. The electrical length of the second short-circuit stub is three-eighths to five-eighths of the operating wavelength of the first antenna 10. The second short-circuit stub can be equivalent to a filter, which can suppress low-frequency signals and improve the isolation between the first antenna 10 and the second antenna 20 port in the low-frequency band.

[0211] The second short-circuit stub is a stub structure with its end grounded. Furthermore, the electrical length of the second short-circuit stub can be 3 / 8, 1 / 2, 5 / 8, etc., of the operating wavelength of the first antenna 10.

[0212] It should be noted that, in addition to being a second open-circuit stub or a second short-circuit stub, in some embodiments, the second filtering structure can also be a stripline filter or a microstrip line filter.

[0213] In some possible implementations, as shown in Figure 12, the second radiating patch 21 is provided with at least one slot 25 to optimize the current path on the second radiating patch 21 and achieve miniaturization of the second radiating patch 21.

[0214] The slot 25 can be a closed structure or an open structure. For example, when the slot 25 is a closed structure, it can be understood as a through hole penetrating the second radiating patch 21. When the slot 25 is an open structure, it can be understood as a notch provided on the second radiating patch 21.

[0215] The slot 25 can be a C-shaped slot, a cross-shaped slot, a straight slot, or other structures.

[0216] In one embodiment, the number of slots 25 in the same second radiating patch 21 is at least two, and the structures of any two slots 25 may be the same or different.

[0217] In one embodiment, in the same second radiating patch 21, there are at least two slots 25. Some of the slots 25 in the at least two slots 25 may have the same structure, while the other slots 25 may have different structures. For example, as shown in Figure 12, there are five slots 25. Four of the five slots 25 are C-shaped slots, and the other slot 25 is a straight slot.

[0218] In one embodiment, at least two second radiating patches 21 may have the same number of slots 25. For example, as shown in FIG12, the number of slots 25 of the four second radiating patches 21 is five.

[0219] In one embodiment, the number of slots 25 in any two second radiating patches 21 may also be different.

[0220] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances. The terms "second," "first," "second," "fourth," etc. (if present) are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0221] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although the embodiments of this application have been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna element (100), characterized in that, include: Reflector (30); At least one first antenna (10), the first antenna (10) includes a first radiating patch (11), a first feeding structure (12) and a wave-transparent structure, the first feeding structure (12) being coupled to the first radiating patch (11), the wave-transparent structure including at least one wave-transparent slot (13) penetrating the first radiating patch (11) along the thickness direction (Z) of the reflector (30); At least one second antenna (20), the operating frequency band of the second antenna (20) is greater than the operating frequency band of the first antenna (10), the second antenna (20) includes a second radiating patch (21) and a second feeding structure (22), the second feeding structure (22) is coupled to the second radiating patch (21), along the thickness direction (Z) of the reflector (30), the first radiating patch (11) and the reflector (30) are respectively located on opposite sides of the second radiating patch (21) and are respectively spaced apart from the second radiating patch (21).

2. The antenna element (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first power supply structure (12) is indirectly coupled to the first radiating patch (11), and the first power supply structure (12) is used to couple power to the first radiating patch (11).

3. The antenna element (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The second power supply structure (22) is indirectly coupled to the second radiating patch (21), and the second power supply structure (22) is used to couple power to the second radiating patch (21).

4. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first antenna (10) further includes a first feed line (14) and a first filter structure (15). One end of the first feed line (14) is connected to the first feed structure (12), and the other end of the first feed line (14) is used to connect to the feed network. The first filter structure (15) is connected to the first feed line (14).

5. The antenna element (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first filter structure (15) is a first open stub, and the electrical length of the first open stub is one-eighth to three-eighths of the operating wavelength of the second antenna (20).

6. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The second antenna (20) also includes a second feed line (23) and a second filter structure. One end of the second feed line (23) is connected to the second feed structure (22), and the other end of the second feed line (23) is used to connect to the feed network. The second filter structure is connected to the second feed line (23).

7. The antenna element (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second filter structure is a second open stub, and the electrical length of the second open stub is one-eighth to three-eighths of the operating wavelength of the first antenna (10).

8. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The first antenna (10) further includes a first feed line (14), which is connected to the first feeding structure (12). The second antenna (20) further includes a second feed line (23), which is connected to the second feeding structure (22). The first feed line (14) and the second feed line (23) are located on the same side of the reflector (30) along the thickness direction (Z), or the first feed line (14) and the second feed line (23) are located on opposite sides of the reflector (30) along the thickness direction (Z).

9. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The second radiating patch (21) has at least one slot (25).

10. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of at least one of the first radiating patches (11) on the reflector (30) partially coincides with the orthographic projection of at least one of the second radiating patches (21) on the reflector (30).

11. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The antenna unit (100) further includes an insulating support member for supporting the first antenna (10), the second antenna (20), and the reflector (30).

12. The antenna element (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that, The insulating support (40) is a substrate, which includes at least two dielectric substrates, including a first dielectric substrate (41) and a second dielectric substrate (42). The first dielectric substrate (41) is located between the first radiating patch (11) and the second radiating patch (21), and the second dielectric substrate (42) is located between the reflector (30) and the second radiating patch (21); The first radiating patch (11) is fixedly connected to the first dielectric substrate (41), the second radiating patch (21) is located between the first dielectric substrate (41) and the second dielectric substrate (42), and the reflector (30) is fixedly connected to the second dielectric substrate (42).

13. The antenna element (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that, Any one of the dielectric substrates is a foam substrate.

14. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, At least one of the wave-transmitting slits (13) is an annular slit, a C-shaped slit, or a cross-shaped slit.

15. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, There are two first feeding structures (12), one of which is used to excite the first radiating patch (11) to generate a first polarization, and the other is used to excite the first radiating patch (11) to generate a second polarization. The direction of the second polarization is different from the direction of the first polarization.

16. The antenna element (100) according to any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that, There are two second feeding structures (22), one of which is used to excite the second radiating patch (21) to generate a third polarization, and the other is used to excite the second radiating patch (21) to generate a fourth polarization. The direction of the third polarization is different from the direction of the fourth polarization.

17. An antenna array (200), characterized in that, It includes at least two antenna elements (100) as described in any one of claims 1-16, wherein the at least two antenna elements (100) are arranged in an array.

18. An antenna system, characterized in that, Includes a power supply network and an antenna element (100) as described in claims 1-16, wherein the first power supply structure (12) and the second power supply structure (22) of the antenna element (100) are both connected to the power supply network.

19. An antenna system, characterized in that, Includes a power supply network and an antenna array (200) as described in claim 17, wherein the first power supply structure (12) and the second power supply structure (22) of the antenna element (100) are both connected to the power supply network.

20. A communication device, characterized in that, Including the antenna system as described in claim 18 or 19.

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