Data modulation method and demodulation method, communication node, medium, and program product

Abstract

The present application discloses a data modulation method and demodulation method, a communication node, a medium, and a program product. The method comprises: performing a scrambling operation on a data sequence processed by a channel coding chain corresponding to a transport block, so as to obtain a scrambled data sequence; determining a modulation mode for the scrambled data sequence according to a data feature, wherein the modulation mode for the scrambled data sequence is shaped modulation having a modulation order of M or QAM modulation having a modulation order of M, M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6; modulating the scrambled data sequence according to the modulation mode for the scrambled data sequence so as to obtain a modulation symbol sequence; and sending the modulation symbol sequence to a second communication node.

Description

Data modulation methods, demodulation methods, communication nodes, media and software products Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, such as a data modulation method, demodulation method, communication node, medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] The 6th Generation Mobile Communication System (6G) is the next generation of mobile communication systems. Its standards will be developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) international standards organization. Around 2030, 6G will achieve large-scale commercial use worldwide. The 6G international standard and mobile communication system can promote the rapid development and maturity of the industrial internet, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, autonomous driving, robotics, and the metaverse. In 2023, the Radio Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) released a recommendation on the 6G framework and overall objectives, outlining design requirements for 6G technology research and development. The spectral efficiency of 6G needs to be 1.5 times and 3 times that of 5G, thus necessitating further improvements in the performance gain of 6G channel modulation.

[0003] Traditional modulation methods, such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and Phase Shift Keying (PSK), use uniformly distributed signal points on the constellation diagram, but this approach is not always optimal. Channel capacity generally refers to the maximum transmission rate of a channel, derived from the bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) it supports. This channel capacity is often referred to as "Shannon capacity." QAM-based transmissions using uniformly distributed QAM symbols may not achieve Shannon capacity. For example, uniform QAM can asymptotically approach the capacity SNR curve by approximately 1.53 dB. However, QAM modulation has lower complexity. Therefore, current modulation methods cannot reconcile complexity and channel capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a data modulation method applied to a first communication node, the method comprising:

[0005] The data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block is scrambled to obtain the input modulated data sequence.

[0006] Based on the data characteristics, the modulation method of the input modulation data sequence is determined; wherein, the modulation method of the input modulation data sequence is either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6;

[0007] Based on the modulation scheme of the input modulated data sequence, the input modulated data sequence is modulated to obtain a modulation symbol sequence;

[0008] The modulation symbol sequence is sent to the second communication node.

[0009] This application provides a data demodulation method applied to a second communication node, the method comprising:

[0010] Receive the modulation symbol sequence sent by the first communication node;

[0011] Based on the data characteristics, the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence is determined; wherein, the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence is either the demodulation method corresponding to shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or the demodulation method corresponding to QAM modulation with a modulation order of M, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6.

[0012] According to the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence, the modulation symbol sequence is demodulated to obtain the input modulated data sequence;

[0013] The input modulated data sequence is descrambled to obtain the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block.

[0014] This application provides a first communication node, including: a processor; the processor is used to implement the data modulation method of any of the above embodiments when executing a computer program.

[0015] This application provides a second communication node, including a processor; the processor is used to implement the data demodulation method of any of the above embodiments when executing a computer program.

[0016] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of the above embodiments.

[0017] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods of any of the above embodiments.

[0018] Further details regarding the above embodiments and other aspects of this application, as well as their implementations, are provided in the accompanying drawings, detailed description, and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a wireless communication system provided in an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a data modulation method according to an embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating another data modulation method provided in one embodiment;

[0022] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating another data modulation method provided in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a data demodulation method provided in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating another data demodulation method provided in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a data modulation device provided in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a data demodulation device provided in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a wireless transmitting device provided in an embodiment;

[0028] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a wireless receiving device provided in an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] It should be understood that the detailed descriptions illustrated in the accompanying drawings are intended as a description of various configurations and not as representing the only configuration in which the concepts described herein can be implemented. The detailed descriptions include specific details to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0030] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that enable communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems. These multiple access technologies have been adopted by various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels.

[0031] The cellular concept proposed by Bell Labs in the early 1970s led to the rapid development of mobile communications, which can be roughly divided into the following stages:

[0032] The first generation of mobile communication systems used frequency division multiple access (FDMA) analog modulation.

[0033] Second-generation cellular systems employ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) digital modulation schemes, increasing system capacity and using independent channels for signaling transmission, significantly improving system performance. They primarily include the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Interim Standard 95 (IS-95).

[0034] The third-generation mobile communication system IMT-2000 offers greater system capacity to meet the requirements of multimedia communication. It mainly includes CDMA2000, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), and Time Division Synchronous-Code Division Multiple Access (TDS-CDMA). R99 is the official version of WCDMA; High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) is the 3.5G evolution of WCDMA.

[0035] The 4th Generation Mobile Communication System (4G) primarily employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technologies, providing truly high-speed broadband access. The first version of Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology was Release 8 (Rel-8), completed in September 2007. Due to widespread interest from operators, LTE gradually became the most mainstream 4G mobile communication standard globally. Starting in 2009, 3GPP began standardizing Enhanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-Advanced). As a significant technological advancement, the LTE-Advanced standard was released as Release 10, and its performance fully met the requirements of IMT-Advanced (Rel-10 LTE achieves a peak rate of 375 Mbit / s with five 0MHz bandwidths and a single antenna). In terms of channel coding, LTE / LTE-Advanced basically uses Turbo codes, which are used in 3G, as the forward error correction code for the data channel. LTE has some optimizations to the structure of Turbo codes, which reduces decoding complexity and improves performance to some extent. The control channel uses tail-biting convolutional codes, which slightly improves performance compared to classic zero-tail bit convolutional codes because they do not require additional tail bits.

[0036] The fifth-generation mobile communication system, IMT-2020, is a new generation of broadband mobile communication technology characterized by high speed, low latency, and massive connectivity. 5G communication infrastructure serves as the network infrastructure for realizing the interconnection of humans, machines, and things. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines three main application scenarios for 5G: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (uRLLC), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). To support high-speed transmission and better coverage, key 5G technologies employ low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, novel polarized channel coding schemes, and high-performance massive MIMO antenna technology. To support low latency and high reliability, 5G utilizes technologies such as short frames, fast feedback, and multi-layer / multi-site data retransmission.

[0037] 6G, or the sixth-generation mobile communication standard, is also known as the IMT-2030 mobile communication standard. It will promote the rapid development and maturity of the industrial internet, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, autonomous driving, robotics, and the metaverse. Around 2030, 6G will achieve large-scale commercial use worldwide. In 2023, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Sector released recommendations on the 6G framework and overall objectives, providing guidance for the research and development of 6G technology. The ITU proposed that the goal of 6G technology is to achieve higher data transmission speeds, lower latency, higher reliability, wider network connectivity, and better security in the future.

[0038] The following describes the concepts and terms used in the embodiments of this application.

[0039] The wireless interface is often the decisive factor in a mobile communication system; in other words, the evolution of wireless interface technology directly determines the transformation of mobile communication systems. A wireless interface typically includes transceivers (base stations and terminals) and an air channel. The transceiver itself consists of three parts: baseband, intermediate frequency (IF), and radio frequency (RF). In wireless interface technology, baseband processing is often the most crucial; therefore, this discussion will focus on the baseband processing flow.

[0040] Based on the encoding method used by the transmitting end to encode the information sequence, the receiving end can process the received data accordingly to reliably recover the original information sequence. The encoding method must be visible to both the transmitting and receiving ends. Generally, the encoding method is based on forward error correction (FEC) coding, also known as channel coding. FEC adds redundant information to the information sequence. The receiving end can use this redundant information to reliably recover the original information sequence.

[0041] Some common FEC codes include convolutional codes, Turbo codes, LDPC codes, and polar codes. In FEC encoding, an information sequence with k bits is FEC encoded to obtain an n-bit FEC codeword (with nk redundant bits), and the FEC code rate is k / n. Convolutional coding can easily encode blocks of arbitrary sizes, and Turbo coding, by utilizing two coded components that operate on the information sequence and by employing interleaving methods that support different code sizes, can support different information sequence sizes.

[0042] LDPC codes are linear block codes that can be defined using a very sparse parity check matrix or a bipartite graph. It is precisely the sparsity of its parity check matrix that enables low-complexity encoding and decoding, thus making LDPC practical. Through various practical and theoretical proofs, LDPC codes have demonstrated to be the best-performing channel code in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels, with performance very close to the Shannon limit and superior to convolutional codes and Turbo codes.

[0043] The data channel of the 5G NR mobile communication system adopts quasi-cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) codes. Due to the simple description of quasi-cyclic LDPC encoding and the simple decoder structure, it is used in various communication standards. Quasi-cyclic LDPC encoding can also be called structured LDPC encoding. Its binary parity check matrix H is an mb×Zc row and nb×Zc column matrix, composed of mb×nb block matrices. Each block matrix is ​​a different power of a basic permutation matrix of size Zc×Zc, obtained by right-circularly shifting (or left-circularly shifting 1) a unit matrix by 1 bit; alternatively, each block matrix can be considered a submatrix obtained by right-circularly shifting (or left-circularly shifting) a Zc×Zc identity matrix by several bits. For a binary parity check matrix H, if each Zc×Zc is replaced with an element "0" or an element "1", the zero block matrix is ​​replaced with "0", and the cyclic shift block matrix of the identity matrix is ​​replaced with "1", the corresponding matrix is ​​called the base graph, but the specific shift values ​​are not distinguished. The base graph is an intermediate product of the design of the QC-LDPC parity check matrix. At this point, as long as the cyclic shift values ​​and the submatrix size are known, a quasi-cyclic LDPC code can be determined. All shift values ​​corresponding to each submatrix constitute an mb×nb matrix, which can be called the base matrix Hb, the shift coefficient parity check matrix, or the parity check matrix of the base graph. The submatrix size can be called the expansion factor, the lift size, or the submatrix size; here, it is described as the lift size. Because the quasi-cyclic LDPC code is very compact and simple in structure, and is very beneficial for decoder implementation, it is also called a structured LDPC code.

[0044] Since quasi-cyclic LDPC codewords are systematic codes, meaning the systematic bits in the codeword are equal to the information bits before encoding, only the parity bits need to be calculated in quasi-cyclic LDPC encoding. Quasi-cyclic LDPC encoding can then be performed based on the parity check matrix described above. For example, the parity check matrix H can be described as two parts: H = [Hs; Hp], where Hs corresponds to the systematic bit matrix and Hp corresponds to the parity bit matrix. According to the LDPC encoding principle, for a quasi-cyclic LDPC codeword C (including the systematic bits Cs and the parity bits Cp), the condition H × C = 0 is satisfied, i.e., [Hs; Hp] × [Cs; Cp] = 0; therefore, it can be deduced that Hs × Cs = Hp × Cp, and thus Cp = (Hp) / (Hp). -1 ×Hs×Cs, where '×' in the formula represents binary matrix multiplication, (x) -1It is a binary matrix inversion calculation; therefore, the parity bit Cp of the quasi-cyclic LDPC codeword can be calculated, thus obtaining the quasi-cyclic LDPC codeword C = [Cs; Cp].

[0045] Polar codes are a recently proposed type of linear block code. Proposed in 2009, polar codes are rigorously constructed codes for Binary Discrete Symmetric Channels (BSCs), achieving the channel capacity of BSCs. The construction and coding principles of polar codes have significant theoretical implications in information theory, pointing the way for code design efforts. The basic idea of ​​polar codes is to utilize the polarization phenomenon of channels, placing bits carrying more information in an "ideal channel" for transmission, while placing known bits ("frozen bits") in a "non-ideal channel." Channel polarization is a ubiquitous phenomenon, widely present not only in BSC channels but also in AWGN channels. It becomes more pronounced with increasing code length. In 2016, polar codes were adopted by the 5G standard as a control channel coding scheme.

[0046] Modulation refers to the process of transmitting information onto a signal suitable for a channel. Modulation generally includes baseband mapping and quadrature modulation. Baseband mapping is the process of mapping a binary bit stream onto a constellation diagram under various modulation methods; while quadrature modulation is the process of shifting the baseband channel onto a carrier wave, which is a spectrum shifting process. In this embodiment, modulation mainly refers to baseband mapping. Commonly used modulation methods include: Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Multi-level Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM), and Multi-level Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (MAPSK), etc.

[0047] At the transmitting end, the transport block to be transmitted needs to be segmented into multiple smaller transport blocks. Then, each of these smaller transport blocks undergoes FEC coding. The transport block to be transmitted has a certain transport block size (TBS) and coding rate. The FEC coding rate is generally defined as the ratio of the number of bits in the original information bit sequence entering the encoder to the number of bits in the actual transmitted bit sequence (or rate-matched output sequence). In 4G LTE and 5G NR communication systems, the transport block size is relatively flexible, thus meeting the various data packet size requirements of mobile communication systems. Furthermore, 4G and 5G communication systems use a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index to indicate different combinations of modulation order and coding rate R. The TBS index is determined through control information such as Downlink Control Information (DCI) or Channel Quality Indication (CQI), and the size of the actual information bit sequence is determined jointly based on the number of resource blocks (RBs) and the TBS index. Channel types can include data channels and control channels. Data channels generally carry data from user equipment (UE), while control channels carry control information, including MCS index number, channel information, DCI, CQI, and other control information. Bandwidth generally refers to the spectrum width allocated by the system for data transmission. Data transmission directions include uplink data and downlink data. Uplink data generally refers to data transmitted from the UE to the base station, while downlink data refers to data transmitted from the base station to the UE.

[0048] Physical channel mapping refers to mapping modulation symbols onto physical channel resources, such as the spreading code channel in a CDMA system or a subchannel or resource block (composed of multiple subcarriers) in an OFDM system.

[0049] Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) is a crucial link adaptation technique in digital communication systems. The implementation process is as follows: the receiver decodes the received HARQ data packets. If the decoding is correct, it sends an ACK (Acknowledgement) message to the sender, instructing the sender to transmit a new HARQ data packet. If decoding fails, it sends a NACK (Negative Acknowledgement) message to the sender, requesting the sender to retransmit the HARQ data packet. By performing incremental redundancy (IR) or Chase merging decoding on the retransmitted data packets, the receiver can improve the decoding success probability and achieve high reliability requirements for link transmission.

[0050] LTE is a 4G wireless cellular communication technology. LTE uses OFDM technology, where subcarriers and OFDM symbols constitute the wireless physical time-frequency resources of the LTE system. OFDM technology is currently widely used in wireless communication. Due to the use of a cyclic prefix (CP), the Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) system can effectively solve the multipath delay problem and divide the frequency-selective channel into a set of parallel, flat channels. This greatly simplifies the channel estimation method and provides high channel estimation accuracy. Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) is a digital waveform, also known as DFT-spread OFDM, DFT-precoded OFDM, or Transform Precoding, which can be used to transmit data over wide RF channels. This technology is actually a combination of two different technologies: Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), added before the IFFT module. It's an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing form used in advanced wireless systems to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), allowing power amplifiers to operate more efficiently. In 4G, the uplink waveform is DFFT-OFDM, and the downlink waveform is CP-OFDM. In 5G wireless cellular communication technology, the uplink supports both CP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM waveforms, while the downlink only supports CP-OFDM. DFT precoding, also known as transform precoding, achieves semi-static switching between the two waveforms by enabling or disabling the transform precoder through higher-layer configuration signaling.

[0051] In wireless communication networks, transmitters can encode information data according to specific error correction and decoding schemes to improve communication reliability. Transmitters can then modulate the encoded information onto frequency subcarriers for transmission according to specific modulation schemes. Transmitters can use various modulation techniques. In some cases, transmitters may use modulation techniques based on Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Modulation schemes can have specific constellation diagrams, with constellation points located in the complex plane. Constellation points can also be called constellation symbols or modulation symbols. Transmissions generated using a specific modulation scheme can carry information data bits represented by constellation symbols, which come from a set of constellation symbols defined for that modulation scheme.

[0052] Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a modulation method that modulates amplitude on two orthogonal carriers. These two carriers are typically sine waves with a phase difference of 90 degrees (π / 2), hence the name "quadrature carriers." The modulation method derives its name from this. QAM is a widely used modulation technique in digital communication. The transmission characteristics of QAM signals can be intuitively understood through the representation of constellation diagrams. In a constellation diagram, each constellation point corresponds to a specific value in the transmitted signal set. These points are typically arranged in a square grid with equal spacing in both the horizontal and vertical directions, forming a two-dimensional geometric figure that facilitates observation of signal distribution. In digital communication, data is usually represented using binary numbers, so the number of constellation points is often a power of 2. As the number of constellation points increases, the amount of information that each symbol can transmit also increases. However, if the average energy of the constellation diagram remains constant, increasing the number of constellation points will lead to a decrease in the distance between the points. In this case, interference between signals will increase, thereby increasing the bit error rate and reducing communication reliability.

[0053] Traditional modulation methods (such as QAM and PSK) use uniformly distributed signal points on the constellation diagram, but this approach is not always optimal. Channel capacity generally refers to the maximum transmission rate of a channel based on its supported bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This channel capacity is often referred to as "Shannon capacity." QAM-based transmissions using uniformly distributed QAM symbols may not achieve Shannon capacity. For example, uniform QAM asymptotically approaches the capacity SNR curve by approximately 1.53 dB.

[0054] However, in practical communication channels, according to Shannon theory, signals with a Gaussian distribution are closer to the optimal power distribution, and the data transmission rate is close to the Shannon capacity, which can reduce average power and improve spectral efficiency. Shaping modulation, by adjusting the spacing between constellation points, compared with QAM modulation, makes the constellation point distribution conform to a Gaussian distribution, which has the advantage of being closer to the Shannon capacity. Typically, shaping modulation mainly includes two categories: geometric shaping (GS) modulation and probabilistic shaping (PS) modulation. In geometric constellation shaping, each constellation point in the complex plane appears with a basically equal probability, but by adjusting the position of the constellation points, the amplitude distribution of the signal is made closer to a Gaussian distribution, reducing the frequency of high-energy symbols. In terms of constellation diagram form, the smaller the amplitude, the denser the constellation points; the larger the amplitude, the sparser the constellation points. The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standard version 3.0 (ATSC 3.0) defines five different modulation orders of non-uniform constellations to adapt to various variable bit rate needs. In probabilistic constellation shaping (also known as probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS)), a more conventional (e.g., grid-like) symbol distribution is used in the complex plane, but the probabilities of using the corresponding constellation symbols are not equal; in this method, each symbol of the input signal is mapped to a point in the constellation diagram, and the probability distribution of the signal is made closer to the target probability distribution by adjusting the emission probability of each point in the constellation diagram.

[0055] In some respects, a distribution matcher (DM) can be applied to transform a sequence of k uniformly distributed bit sequences (e.g., information bits) into a sequence of n symbols (codewords) with a desired or target probability distribution. An example of a DM is the Constant Composition Distribution Matcher (CCDM). A characteristic of CCDM is that all symbol sequences output by CCDM have the same component (a single component). A component is an ordered set of occurrences of each symbol in a set of M symbols from which the symbols in the DM output sequence originate. When applying DM to constellation shaping, the set of M symbols can be based on a modulation scheme. For example, the set of M modulation symbols or modulation symbol letters for 16-QAM is {±1, ±3}. As another example, the set of M modulation symbols or modulation symbol letters for 64-QAM is {±1, ±3, ±5, ±7}. Therefore, in the context of constellation shaping, a component can also be referred to as a modulation symbol distribution, which may include the number of occurrences of each symbol in the set of M symbols associated with the modulation scheme. While CCDM can provide constellations with non-uniform distributions or shapes, it may not handle short data packets well due to the use of a single component. Therefore, the rate loss when using CCDM for short-distance data packet transmission may be higher.

[0056] In related technologies, QAM-based transmission cannot achieve Shannon capacity, but QAM modulation has low complexity. Therefore, current modulation methods cannot balance complexity and channel capacity. Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a data modulation method and a data demodulation method that, while considering both complexity compatibility and improved channel capacity, apply shaped modulation to mobile communication systems.

[0057] The method provided in this application can be applied to various communication systems. For example, the communication system can be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, a 5G communication system, a 5G-A communication system, a Wi-Fi system, a 3GPP-related communication system, a future evolution communication system (such as a 6G or 7th generation (7G) communication system), or a system integrating multiple systems, etc., without limitation. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a wireless communication system provided in an embodiment. The method provided in this application embodiment will be described below using the communication system 100 shown in Figure 1 as an example. Figure 1 is only a schematic diagram and does not constitute a limitation on the applicable scenarios of the technical solution provided in this application.

[0058] As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 may include one or more access network devices (i.e., base stations) and one or more terminal devices. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 may include access network device 110, terminal device 120, terminal device 130, terminal device 140, and core network 150. It should be noted that the access network device refers to the base station.

[0059] Access network device 110 can provide communication services to terminal devices 120, 130, and 140, and can also connect to core network 150. For example, access network device 110 communicates with terminal device 120 via a wireless network. When terminal device 120 sends data, the wireless communication module can encode the information for transmission. Specifically, the wireless communication module can acquire a certain number of information bits to be transmitted to access network device 110 through the channel. These information bits may be generated by the processing module, received from other devices, or stored in the storage module. These information bits may be contained in one or more transport blocks (TBs), and TBs can be segmented to generate multiple code blocks (CBs).

[0060] When the communication system 100 transmits data in the uplink direction, the terminal device 120 is the transmitter and the access network device 110 is the receiver. When the communication system 100 transmits data in the downlink direction, the access network device 110 is the transmitter and the terminal device 120 is the receiver.

[0061] The technical solutions provided in this application can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the technical solutions provided in this application are mainly applied to future communication systems, such as sixth-generation mobile communication systems, next-generation wireless local area network systems, etc. The 6G mobile communication system described in this application includes non-standalone (NSA) 6G mobile communication systems and / or standalone (SA) 6G mobile communication systems.

[0062] The method proposed in this optional embodiment can be used in next-generation mobile communication systems or other wireless communication systems. The data transmission direction is either from the base station to the mobile user (downlink transmission service data) or from the mobile user to the base station (uplink transmission service data). Mobile users include: mobile devices, access terminals, user terminals, user stations, user units, mobile stations, remote stations, remote terminals, user agents, user equipment, user devices, or other terms. Base stations include access points (APs), or may be referred to as node B, radio network controller (RNC), evolved Node B (eNB), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base station (BS), transceiver function (TF), radio router, radio transceiver, basic service unit, extended service unit, radio base station (RBS), or other terms.

[0063] Base stations can be macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, and / or other types of cells providing communication coverage. Macro cells can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and can allow unrestricted access for UEs with service subscriptions. Pico cells may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access for UEs with service subscriptions. Femto cells can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and can allow restricted access for UEs associated with a Femto cell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). An almost blank subframe (ABS) of a macro cell can be referred to as a macro base station (BS). A BS for a pico cell can be referred to as a pico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS. The terms “eNB,” “base station,” “NR BS,” “gNB,” “TRP,” “AP,” “node B,” “5G NB,” “hNB,” “6G NB,” “iNB,” “7G NB,” and “cell” are used interchangeably here.

[0064] A network controller can be coupled to one or more (e.g., a group of) business units (BSs) and can provide coordination and control for these BSs. The network controller can communicate with the BSs via backhaul. BSs can also communicate with each other, for example, directly or indirectly via wireless or wired backhaul.

[0065] UEs can be distributed throughout the wireless network, and each UE can be fixed or mobile. A UE can communicate with one or more BSs in the wireless network.

[0066] UE can also be referred to as access terminal, terminal, mobile station, user unit, station, terminal equipment, etc. UE can be a cellular phone (e.g., smartphone), personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless communication device, handheld device, laptop, cordless phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, tablet computer, camera, gaming device, netbook, smartbook, ultrabook, medical device or equipment, biometric sensor / device, wearable device (smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), entertainment device (e.g., music or video device or satellite radio), vehicle component or sensor, smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, GPS device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via wireless or wired media.

[0067] The following describes the data modulation method, data demodulation method, communication node, and their technical effects.

[0068] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a data modulation method according to an embodiment. The data modulation method provided in this embodiment can be applied to a first communication node. In this embodiment, the first communication node is a transmitting node. It can be the access network device or terminal device shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 2, the data modulation method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0069] Step 201: Scramble the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block to obtain the scrambled data sequence.

[0070] The processing of a transport block before scrambling is called the channel coding chain processing, which produces the data sequence after channel coding chain processing.

[0071] Optionally, the channel coding chain processing in this embodiment may include at least one of the following: transport block CRC addition, code block segmentation and code block CRC addition, channel coding, bit selection, bit interleaving, and code block concatenation. It should be noted that the order of the channel coding chain processing described above can be arbitrarily changed, including cases where a step is removed or where an additional step is added, such as adding interleaving between code blocks, adding encoding between code blocks, or adding CRC addition to code block groups. These cases are all within the scope of channel coding chain processing.

[0072] In this embodiment, the scrambling operation refers to the randomization of the data sequence after channel coding chain processing to enhance the data's anti-interference capability. For example, the scrambling operation in this embodiment can be performing some operation between the channel coding chain processed data sequence and a pseudo-random sequence.

[0073] Step 202: Determine the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence based on the data characteristics.

[0074] The modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6.

[0075] In this embodiment, to balance complexity and improve channel capacity during data modulation, the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence is determined through data features. In this embodiment, data features refer to parameters that can characterize the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence to some extent.

[0076] In this embodiment, the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence can be shaping modulation with a modulation order of M. Alternatively, the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence can be QAM modulation with a modulation order of M.

[0077] The shaping modulation in this embodiment includes geometric shaping modulation and probabilistic amplitude shaping modulation.

[0078] When the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation based on the data characteristics, shaping modulation can make the distribution of constellation points conform to a Gaussian distribution by adjusting the spacing between constellation diagrams and comparing it with QAM modulation. This makes the channel capacity closer to the Shannon capacity, thereby improving the channel capacity.

[0079] When the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is determined to be QAM modulation based on the data characteristics, the advantages of QAM modulation, such as low complexity and high stability, can be utilized.

[0080] Step 203: Modulate the scrambled data sequence according to the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence to obtain the modulation symbol sequence.

[0081] In step 203, after determining the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence, the scrambled data sequence is modulated based on the modulation scheme to obtain a modulation symbol sequence. The modulation process is similar to that in related technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0082] Step 204: Send the modulation symbol sequence to the second communication node.

[0083] In this embodiment, the second communication node is a receiving node. The first communication node sends a modulation symbol sequence to the second communication node.

[0084] The data modulation method provided in this embodiment includes: scrambling the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block to obtain a scrambled data sequence; determining the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence according to the data characteristics, wherein the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence is either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6; modulating the scrambled data sequence according to the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence to obtain a modulation symbol sequence; and sending the modulation symbol sequence to a second communication node.

[0085] It should be noted that this data modulation method adaptively determines the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence based on data characteristics. The modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence can be either shaping modulation (M-order) or QAM modulation (M-order). When the determined modulation scheme is shaping modulation, it improves channel capacity, which is particularly suitable for situations with relatively accurate channel prediction and relatively stable channel changes. When the determined modulation scheme is QAM modulation, it reduces complexity. Therefore, it achieves compatibility between modulation complexity and improved channel capacity, which is particularly suitable for situations with large channel prediction errors and relatively drastic channel changes. In short, the latter can also serve as a fallback mode for the former. Furthermore, this application has the advantage of achieving good backward compatibility, making it more suitable for next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0086] In one embodiment, when the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence is shaping modulation, the MCS index is an index in the MCS table that supports shaping modulation. When the modulation scheme of the scrambled data sequence is QAM modulation, the MCS index is an index in the MCS table that supports QAM modulation.

[0087] Furthermore, each MCS index in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation or the MCS table supporting QAM modulation is used to indicate at least one of the following: modulation scheme, modulation order, and code rate.

[0088] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the MCS index is carried by a downlink control message.

[0089] In one embodiment, the data features include at least one of the following: a first type of parameter, a second type of parameter, a third type of parameter, and a fourth type of parameter. It can be understood that the data features in this embodiment can be a combination of at least two types of parameters.

[0090] In one implementation, the first type of parameters includes at least one of the following: code rate, modulation order, number of transmission layers, MCS index in the downlink control information, and number of code blocks. Here, code rate refers to the coding code rate.

[0091] Furthermore, in this implementation, the data features also include a preset threshold value corresponding to the first type of parameter. Based on this implementation, step 202 includes one of the following: if the first type of parameter is greater than its corresponding preset threshold value, the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation; if the first type of parameter is greater than or equal to its corresponding preset threshold value, the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation. Correspondingly, if the first type of parameter is less than or equal to its corresponding preset threshold value, the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is determined to be QAM modulation. Alternatively, if the first type of parameter is less than its corresponding preset threshold value, the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is determined to be QAM modulation.

[0092] In another implementation, the second type of parameters includes at least one of the following: the format of the control information of the scheduled transport block, the Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the scheduled transport block, and the search space corresponding to the control information of the scheduled transport block.

[0093] Based on this implementation method, when the second type of parameter includes the format of the control information of the scheduling transport block, the implementation process of step 202 includes: when the format of the control information of the scheduling transport block is a non-fallback control information format, determining that the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is shaping modulation; when the format of the control information of the scheduling transport block is a fallback control information format, determining that the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is QAM modulation.

[0094] Based on this implementation, when the second type of parameter includes the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the scheduling transport block, the implementation process of step 202 includes: when the RNTI is a first type of RNTI, determining that the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is shaping modulation; when the RNTI is a second type of RNTI, determining that the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is QAM modulation. The first type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity (C-RNTI), Configured Scheduling Radio Network Temporary Identity (CS-RNTI). The second type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: System Information Radio Network Temporary Identity (SI-RNTI), Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identity (RA-RNTI), Paging Radio Network Temporary Identity (P-RNTI), Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity (TC-RNTI).

[0095] Based on this implementation, when the second type of parameters includes the format of the control information of the scheduling transport block and the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the scheduling transport block, the implementation process of step 202 includes: when the format of the control information of the scheduling transport block belongs to the corresponding RNTI that supports shaping modulation, the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation; when the format of the control information of the scheduling transport block belongs to the corresponding control information format that does not support shaping modulation, or belongs to the RNTI that does not support shaping modulation, the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is determined to be QAM modulation.

[0096] In another implementation, the third type of parameter includes at least one of the following: scheduling type indication information.

[0097] Optionally, the scheduling type in this embodiment includes dynamic scheduling or semi-static scheduling. Alternatively, the scheduling type includes dynamic authorized scheduling or configuration authorized scheduling. Or, the scheduling type includes dynamic authorized scheduling, type 1 configuration authorized scheduling, or type 2 configuration authorized scheduling. When the data feature is a third type of parameter, the implementation of step 202 will be described in detail in subsequent embodiments.

[0098] In another implementation, the fourth type of parameter includes one of the following: link direction, waveform type, channel type, link direction and waveform type, link direction and channel type, waveform type and channel type, or link direction, waveform type, and channel type. When the data feature is the fourth type of parameter, the implementation of step 202 will be described in detail in subsequent embodiments.

[0099] In one embodiment, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, every two adjacent MCS indices supporting shaped modulation correspond to the same constellation diagram.

[0100] In one embodiment, the MCS table supporting shaped modulation has L1 adjacent pairs of MCS indices, and L1 equals k0. Each adjacent pair of MCS indices corresponds to two adjacent MCS indices supporting shaped modulation within the same constellation diagram, and k0 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 10.

[0101] In one embodiment, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, the first set Mset, which consists of all modulation orders supporting shaped modulation, is composed of consecutive even numbers in ascending order, and includes at least any of the following: Mset includes at least the first set {4, 6, 8}; Mset includes at least the second set {6, 8, 10}; Mset includes at least the third set {4, 6, 8, 10}; Mset includes at least the fourth set {6, 8, 10, 12}; Mset includes at least the fifth set {4, 6, 8, 10, 12}.

[0102] In one embodiment, the second set FinerMset, which comprises all modulation orders supporting shaping modulation, is composed of consecutive natural numbers in ascending order and includes at least any one of the following: FinerMset includes at least the first set {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; FinerMset includes at least the second set {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; FinerMset includes at least the third set {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}; FinerMset includes at least the fourth set {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}; FinerMset includes at least the fifth set {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}; and FinerMset includes at least the sixth set {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}.

[0103] Furthermore, each modulation order that supports shaping modulation in FinerMset corresponds to at most Lf MCS indices; where LF is 3, 4, or 5.

[0104] In one embodiment, the channel coding chain processing includes: adding a parity bit sequence after a transport block to obtain a transport block with added parity bit sequence; segmenting the transport block with added parity bit sequence into code blocks, and adding a parity bit sequence after each code block or code block group to obtain C code blocks, where C is an integer greater than 0; encoding the C code blocks to generate C master codewords; writing each master codeword into a corresponding circular buffer, and sequentially selecting a bit sequence of length E starting from the starting position k0 in each circular buffer to obtain a C bit-selected output sequence, where k0 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and the master codewords correspond one-to-one with the circular buffers; interleaving the output sequence after each bit selection to obtain C interleaved sequences; and concatenating the C interleaved sequences according to the code block segmentation order to obtain the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block.

[0105] The above data modulation method will be described in detail below through several specific embodiments.

[0106] Specific Implementation Example 1

[0107] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating another data modulation method provided in one embodiment. This method is applied to the transmitting node. As shown in Figure 3, the data modulation method includes the following steps.

[0108] Step 310: Add a parity bit sequence after the transport block to obtain a transport block with the parity bit sequence added.

[0109] Optionally, the check bit sequence in this embodiment can be a CRC check bit sequence. This step is used to implement CRC addition to the transport block by adding the generated CRC check bit sequence after the input transport block.

[0110] Step 320: Divide the transport block with added parity bit sequence into code blocks, and add parity bit sequence after the code block or code block group to obtain C code blocks.

[0111] Where C is an integer greater than 0.

[0112] This step is used to segment the transport block with added check bit sequence into code blocks, add CRC to the segmented code blocks or code block groups, and obtain C code blocks.

[0113] Step 330: Encode the C code blocks to generate C mother codewords.

[0114] This step is used to implement channel coding. Optionally, in step 330, the C code blocks are encoded using quasi-cyclic LDPC codes to generate C mother codewords of length N. Here, N is a positive integer.

[0115] Step 340: Write each mother codeword into the corresponding circular buffer, and starting from the starting position k0 in each circular buffer, sequentially select a bit sequence of length E to obtain the output sequence after selecting C bits.

[0116] Where k0 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and the mother codewords correspond one-to-one with the circular buffer.

[0117] Step 340 is used to perform bit selection. C encoded master codewords of length N are written into C circular buffers of length Ncb. Then, starting from position k0 in each circular buffer, a bit sequence of length E is sequentially selected to obtain the C bit-selected output sequence. Here, Ncb is a positive integer, and k0 is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0118] Furthermore, the starting position k0 is obtained based on the Redundancy Version (RV). The Downlink Control Information (DCI) carried by the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) indicates the Redundancy Version.

[0119] Furthermore, the redundant version with a value of 0 indicates that the starting position k0 is at bit position 0 of the circular buffer.

[0120] Furthermore, bit selection generates a HARQ sub-packet for the current transmission of a HARQ process.

[0121] Furthermore, the number of bits E read from the circular buffer by the current transmission of a HARQ process in this step is determined based on the number of allocated resource elements, the modulation scheme, and the number of transmission layers.

[0122] Step 350: Interleave the output sequence after each bit selection to obtain C interleaved sequences.

[0123] Step 360: Concatenate the C interleaved sequences according to the code block segmentation order to obtain the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block.

[0124] The processing of a transport block before scrambling is called the channel coding chain processing process, which includes steps 310-360 to generate a data sequence after channel coding chain processing of a transport block.

[0125] Furthermore, the channel coding chain processing described in this embodiment includes at least: transport block CRC addition, code block segmentation and code block CRC addition, channel coding, bit selection, bit interleaving, and code block concatenation. This is a binary bit-level signal processing process prior to the scrambling operation.

[0126] It should be noted that the channel coding chain processing described in this embodiment includes changes in the order of steps 310-360, removal of a step, and addition of an extra step (adding interleaving between code blocks, adding encoding between code blocks, or adding CRC to a code block group). All of these situations are within the scope of the channel coding chain.

[0127] Step 370: Scramble the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block to obtain the scrambled data sequence.

[0128] Step 380: Determine the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence based on the data characteristics.

[0129] The modulation method of the scrambled data sequence is either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6.

[0130] In step 380, the modulation method is selected based on the data characteristics to determine whether it supports shaping modulation. Shaping modulation can be probabilistic amplitude shaping modulation or geometric shaping modulation.

[0131] Step 390: Modulate the scrambled data sequence according to the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence to obtain the modulation symbol sequence.

[0132] The modulation symbol sequence in this embodiment can also be referred to as a codeword stream.

[0133] Step 3100: Send the modulation symbol sequence to the second communication node.

[0134] Furthermore, the step of selecting whether the modulation method supports shaping modulation based on data characteristics includes: selecting shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or MQAM modulation with a modulation order of M based on data characteristics, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6.

[0135] Furthermore, the step of selecting whether the modulation scheme supports shaping modulation based on data characteristics includes: if shaping modulation is supported based on data characteristics, the MCS index is an index of the MCS table supporting shaping modulation; if shaping modulation is not supported based on data characteristics, the MCS index is an index of the MCS table supporting QAM modulation. In the MCS table, each MCS index determines the modulation order M and / or the modulation scheme and code rate, and the MCS index is carried by downlink control information. Optionally, further, in the MCS table supporting QAM modulation, each MCS index determines the modulation order M and code rate; in the MCS table supporting shaping modulation, each MCS index determines the modulation scheme, modulation order M, and code rate corresponding to a specific constellation.

[0136] In the MCS table, each MCS index determines the modulation order M and / or modulation scheme and code rate.

[0137] It should be noted that, for the MCS table described in this embodiment, a one-to-one correspondence is established between each MCS index and each combination of modulation order and / or modulation scheme and code rate. In actual products, the format is flexible; it can be stored in storage as an array or as a conditional assignment statement (as an implementation of the calculation code, different modulation orders and / or modulation schemes and code rates are selected under different MCS index conditions (if statements)).

[0138] Furthermore, the step of selecting whether the modulation method supports shaping modulation based on data characteristics includes: if shaping modulation is supported based on data characteristics, the MCS index is the index of the MCS table that supports shaping modulation; if shaping modulation is not supported based on data characteristics, the MCS index is the index of the MCS table that supports QAM modulation.

[0139] Furthermore, the geometric shaping modulation employs a non-uniform constellation diagram. In the geometric shaping modulation constellation diagram, the closer to the origin, the denser the constellation points; the farther from the origin, the sparser the constellation points.

[0140] Furthermore, the geometric shaping modulation employs a non-uniform constellation diagram, in which all constellation point patterns are axially symmetric not only with respect to the real number axis but also with respect to the imaginary number axis.

[0141] Furthermore, the geometric shaping modulation employs a non-uniform constellation diagram, in which constellation points are non-uniformly distributed.

[0142] It should be noted that, by adjusting the spacing between constellation points, geometric shaping modulation, compared with traditional QAM modulation (which uses a uniform constellation), makes the constellation point distribution conform to a Gaussian distribution, which has the advantage of being closer to the Shannon limit.

[0143] Furthermore, the step of selecting whether the modulation method supports shaping modulation with a modulation order of M based on data characteristics includes: if the modulation method selected based on data characteristics is not shaping modulation, selecting QAM modulation with a modulation order of M, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0144] Optionally, the data features include at least a first type of parameters, wherein the first type of parameters may include at least the code rate, modulation order, and transmission layer.

[0145] Optionally, the number of transport layers is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 or less than or equal to 4.

[0146] Optionally, the number of transmission layers is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 or less than or equal to 8. Optionally, the code rate and modulation order are obtained from the MCS index in the downlink control information.

[0147] The bitrate is a positive integer greater than 0 and less than 1.

[0148] Optionally, the data features include at least a first type of parameter, wherein the first type of parameter includes at least the MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index in the downlink control information.

[0149] Furthermore, optionally, the data features may include at least a preset threshold value corresponding to the first type of parameter.

[0150] Optionally, the data feature includes at least a first type of parameter, wherein the first type of parameter includes at least the number of code blocks. Further, optionally, the data feature also includes at least a threshold value for the first type of parameter.

[0151] Optionally, the data feature at least includes a second type of parameter, where the second type of parameter includes at least one of the following: the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block, and the search space corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block.

[0152] Optionally, the second type of parameter is the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block.

[0153] Optionally, the second type of parameter is the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block and the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block.

[0154] Further, optionally, the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block includes a fallback control information format or a non-fallback control information format.

[0155] Further, optionally, the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block includes a downlink control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by the N1 index or a downlink control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by the N2 index, where N1 and N2 are used to distinguish different downlink control information formats for downlink scheduling, N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than or equal to 0, and N1 < N2. Still further, optionally, N1 is used to indicate the fallback control information format, and N2 is used to indicate the non-fallback control information format.

[0156] Further, optionally, the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block includes a downlink control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by the N3 index or a downlink control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by the N4 index, where N1 and N2 are used to distinguish different downlink control information formats for downlink scheduling, N3 and N4 are different single English letters, and N3 precedes N4 in alphabetical order. Still further, optionally, N3 is used to indicate the fallback control information format, and N4 is used to indicate the non-fallback control information format.

[0157] Further, optionally, the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block includes a downlink control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by the M1 index or a downlink control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by the M2 index, where M1 and M2 are used to distinguish different downlink control information formats for uplink scheduling, M1 and M2 are positive integers greater than or equal to 0, and M1<M2. Still further, optionally, M1 is used to indicate the fallback control information format, and M2 is used to indicate the non-fallback control information format.

[0158] Further, optionally, the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block includes a downlink control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by the M3 index or a downlink control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by the M4 index, where M3 and M4 are used to distinguish different downlink control information formats for uplink scheduling, M3 and M4 are different single English letters, and M3 comes before M4 in alphabetical order. Still further, optionally, M3 is used to indicate the fallback control information format, and M4 is used to indicate the non-fallback control information format.

[0159] Further, the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block includes a first type of RNTI or a second type of RNTI, where the first type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier C-RNTI, Configured Scheduling Radio Network Temporary Identifier CS-RNTI; the second type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier SI-RNTI, Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier RA-RNTI, Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier P-RNTI, Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier TC-RNTI.

[0160] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block is abbreviated as the current RNTI.

[0161] Further, the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block includes a first type of RNTI or a second type of RNTI, where the first type of RNTI is an RNTI related to dedicated messages; the second type of RNTI is an RNTI related to common messages.

[0162] Further, the search space includes a common search space (Common search space, CSS) or a UE-specific search space (UE specific search space, UESS).

[0163] Furthermore, the data features include at least a first type of parameter, which is the modulation order, transmission layer number, and code rate corresponding to the transmission block.

[0164] Optionally, the data features include at least a third type of parameter, wherein the third type of parameter includes at least one of the following: scheduling type indication information.

[0165] Optionally, the scheduling type includes dynamic scheduling or semi-static scheduling.

[0166] Optionally, the scheduling type includes dynamic authorized scheduling or configuration authorized scheduling.

[0167] Optionally, the scheduling type includes dynamic authorized scheduling, type 1 configuration authorized scheduling, or type 2 configuration authorized scheduling.

[0168] Optionally, the data characteristics include at least a fourth type of parameter, wherein the fourth type of parameter includes at least one of the following: link direction, waveform type, channel type, link direction and waveform type, link direction and channel type, waveform type and channel type, link direction and waveform type, and channel type. The link direction includes uplink or downlink, the channel type is a data channel or a control channel, and the waveform type is CP-OFDM or DFTS-OFDM.

[0169] Further, optionally, the data features include at least a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. Even further, optionally, if both the first type of parameter and the second type of parameter are selected to support shaping modulation, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; otherwise, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. The link direction includes an uplink direction or a downlink direction, the channel type is a data channel or a control channel, and the waveform type is CP-OFDM or DFT-S-OFDM.

[0170] Further, optionally, the data features include at least a third type of parameter. Even further, optionally, if the third type of parameter is selected to correspond to a parameter supporting shaping modulation, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; otherwise, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0171] Further, optionally, the data features include at least a fourth type of parameter. Even further, optionally, if the fourth type of parameter is selected to correspond to a parameter supporting shaping modulation, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; otherwise, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0172] Further, optionally, the data features include at least a first type of parameter and a second type of parameter. Even further, optionally, if both the first type of parameter and the second type of parameter are selected to support shaping modulation, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; otherwise, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0173] Further, optionally, the data features include at least a first type of parameter and a third type of parameter. Even further, optionally, if both the first type of parameter and the third type of parameter are selected to support shaping modulation, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; otherwise, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0174] Further, optionally, the data features include at least a second type of parameter and a third type of parameter. Even further, optionally, if both the second type of parameter and the third type of parameter are selected to support shaping modulation, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; otherwise, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0175] Furthermore, optionally, the data features include at least a first type of parameter, a second type of parameter, and a third type of parameter.

[0176] Furthermore, optionally, if the first type of parameter is selected as a parameter that supports shaping modulation, and the second type of parameter is selected as a parameter that supports shaping modulation, and the third type of parameter is selected as a parameter that supports shaping modulation, then shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; otherwise, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0177] Optionally, the data features in this embodiment are merely higher-level Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration parameters that enable shaping modulation. When the data features are higher-level RRC configuration parameters, how to determine the implementation method of the modulation scheme will be described in detail in subsequent shaping sub-embodiments.

[0178] The following examples illustrate this specific embodiment one.

[0179] Specific Sub-Implementation Example 1

[0180] Optionally, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected based on the data characteristics, wherein the data characteristics are first-type parameters. The first-type parameters are the code rate, modulation order, and number of transmission layers for the transport block, or the first-type parameters are the code rate and modulation order for the transport block. M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0181] Furthermore, here's a concrete example. When the bit rate, modulation order, and number of transmission layers are high, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. If the bit rate, modulation order, and number of transmission layers are low, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. It should be noted that "high bit rate, high modulation order, and high number of transmission layers" means that the bit rate, modulation order, and number of transmission layers are greater than (or greater than or equal to) the corresponding preset thresholds. "Low bit rate, low modulation order, and low number of transmission layers" means that the bit rate, modulation order, and number of transmission layers are less than or equal to (or less than) the corresponding preset thresholds.

[0182] Furthermore, the MCS table corresponding to the selected modulation order M supports shaped modulation; the MCS table corresponding to the selected modulation order M supports QAM modulation but not shaped modulation. It should be noted that this paragraph also applies to the following sub-implementations, but will not be repeated here for brevity.

[0183] Optionally, either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected based on the data characteristics, wherein the data characteristics are a first type of parameter and its preset threshold. The first type of parameter is the MCS index used for the DCI bearer of the transport block and its preset threshold. M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0184] Furthermore, here is a specific example. When the MCS index used for the transport block is greater than a preset threshold, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if the MCS index used for the transport block is less than the preset threshold, QAM modulation is selected.

[0185] From a technical perspective, extensive research has shown that the technical solution of the specific sub-implementation one can achieve different benefits depending on the situation. At higher code rates, higher modulation orders, and more transmission layers, it can significantly improve spectral efficiency and channel capacity. At lower code rates, lower modulation orders, and fewer transmission layers, it maintains the simplest demodulation performance and complexity while preserving good spectral efficiency and channel capacity.

[0186] Specific Sub-Implementation Example 2

[0187] Based on the data characteristics, either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. The data characteristics are first-type parameters, which are the number of code blocks C. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0188] Optionally, as a modulation scheme for the data sharing channel, if the number of code blocks C is greater than a preset threshold, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. If the number of code blocks C is less than the preset threshold, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected, where the data characteristics are first-type parameters. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6, and C is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. It should be noted that the above-mentioned "greater than" and "less than" thresholds can also include two variations: greater than or equal to and less than, and greater than and less than or equal to.

[0189] From a technical perspective, extensive research has shown that the technical solution of the second specific sub-implementation can achieve different benefits depending on the situation. When the number of code blocks is large, it can significantly improve spectral efficiency and capacity. When the number of code blocks is small, link reliability becomes more important. Compared with shaping modulation, QAM modulation often provides better robustness and is suitable for the transmission of ultra-high reliability and low latency services with small data packets.

[0190] Specific Sub-Implementation Example 3

[0191] Based on the data characteristics, either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. The data characteristics are a second type of parameter, which is the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0192] Optionally, as a modulation scheme for the data sharing channel, if the format of the control information used to schedule the current transmission block is a fallback control information format, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if the format of the control information used to schedule the current transmission block is a none fallback control information format, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0193] Optionally, as the channel modulation scheme for the data sharing channel, if the format of the control information used to schedule the current transmission block is the downlink control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by the N1 index, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if the format of the control information used to schedule the current transmission block is the downlink control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by the N2 index, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. Wherein, N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than or equal to N1. <N2。

[0194] Optionally, as a modulation scheme for the data sharing channel, if the format of the control information used to schedule the current transmission block is the downlink control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by the M1 index, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if the format of the control information used to schedule the current transmission block is the downlink control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by the M2 index, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. Wherein, M1 and M2 are positive integers greater than or equal to M1... <M2。

[0195] The fallback control information format is mainly used to maintain the UE's connection when coverage deteriorates, and its load is relatively small. The fallback control information format can achieve more coding redundancy, but scheduling efficiency will decrease. In fact, through extensive research and simulations, it has been found that shaping modulation has very high requirements for the accuracy of predicted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). If the estimated SNR error is large, it will severely degrade performance. Therefore, in this case, QAM modulation, which is insensitive to SNR estimation, is considered.

[0196] It should be noted that the terms "greater than" and "less than" above can also include two variations: greater than or equal to and less than, and greater than and less than or equal to. For example, in the 5G NR standard, the fallback control information format is DCI format 0_0 or DCI format 1_0, and the none fallback control information format is DCI format 0_1 ​​or DCI format 1_1.

[0197] Specific Sub-Implementation Example 4

[0198] The modulation scheme is selected based on data characteristics, either a shaping modulation with modulation order M or a QAM modulation with modulation order M. These data characteristics are the second type of parameters. The second type of parameter is a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) scrambled onto the CRC corresponding to the control information scheduling the transport block. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0199] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the current RNTI refers to the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the scheduled transport block.

[0200] Optionally, as a modulation scheme for the data sharing channel, if the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the transmission block is a first type RNTI, a shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the transmission block is a second type RNTI, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0201] The RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the transmission block is either a first type of RNTI or a second type of RNTI. The first type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) or CS-RNTI. The second type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, or TC-RNTI.

[0202] As a modulation scheme for the data sharing channel, if the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the transport block is a proprietary RNTI, shaping modulation with modulation order M is selected. If the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information of the transport block is a common RNTI, QAM modulation with modulation order M is selected.

[0203] It should be noted that data transmission for public RNTI often uses broadcasting or similar methods, making more stable QAM modulation suitable in such cases. In fact, extensive research and simulations have shown that shaping modulation requires high accuracy in predicting the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Large errors in SNR estimation can severely degrade performance. Therefore, in this situation, QAM modulation, which is less sensitive to SNR estimation, is considered.

[0204] Specific Sub-Implementation Example 5

[0205] The modulation order is selected based on the data characteristics, either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M. These data characteristics are the second type of parameters. The second type of parameters is the search space corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0206] Optionally, if the current RNTI belongs to the search space that supports shaping modulation, shaping modulation with modulation order M is selected; if the current RNTI belongs to the search space that supports QAM modulation, QAM modulation with modulation order M is selected.

[0207] Optionally, as a modulation scheme for the data sharing channel, if the search space corresponding to the control information of the transmission block is a user-dedicated search space (USS), a shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if the search space corresponding to the control information of the transmission block is a public search space (CSS), a QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0208] Specific Sub-Example Six

[0209] The modulation order is selected as either shaped modulation (M-order) or QAM modulation (M-order) based on the data characteristics. The data characteristics are the second type of parameters. These second type of parameters are the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block and the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) scrambled onto the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0210] Optionally, based on the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block and the scrambled Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) on the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block, a modulation scheme can be selected from shaping modulation and QAM modulation.

[0211] Optionally, if the current control information format belongs to the corresponding RNTI type that supports shaping modulation, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if the current control information format belongs to the corresponding control information format that does not support shaping modulation or the RNTI type that does not support the shaping modulation, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected.

[0212] Optionally, if the current control information format belongs to the none fallback control information format and the first type of RNTI, a shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. If the current control information format belongs to the fallback control information format or the second type of RNTI, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. The first type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), CS-RNTI; the second type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, TC-RNTI.

[0213] Optionally, if the current control information format is the downlink scheduling control information format indicated by N2 and the current RNTI is a first-type RNTI, shaping modulation with modulation order M is selected. If the current control information format is the downlink scheduling control information format indicated by N1 or the current RNTI is a second-type RNTI, QAM modulation with modulation order M is selected. The first-type RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), CS-RNTI; the second-type RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, TC-RNTI.

[0214] Specific Sub-Example Seven

[0215] The modulation order is selected based on the data characteristics, either shaping modulation or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M. The data characteristics are the second type of parameters. These second type of parameters include the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) scrambled onto the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block, and the search space corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0216] Optionally, based on the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block, and the search space corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block, a modulation scheme is selected from both shaping modulation and QAM modulation.

[0217] Optionally, if the current control information format belongs to the corresponding control information format that supports shaping modulation, the RNTI type that supports shaping modulation, and the search space that supports shaping modulation, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is adopted; if the current control information format belongs to the corresponding control information format that supports QAM modulation, or the RNTI type that supports QAM modulation, or the search space that supports QAM modulation, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is adopted.

[0218] Optionally, if a none-fallback control information format, a Type I RNTI, and a user-dedicated search space are used, a shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if a fallback control information format, a Type II RNTI, or a public search space are used, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. The Type I RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) or CS-RNTI; the Type II RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, or TC-RNTI.

[0219] Optionally, if the control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by index N2, the first type RNTI, and the user-dedicated search space are used, a shaping modulation with a modulation order of M is selected; if the control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by index N1, or the second type RNTI, or the public search space are used, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected. The first type RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), CS-RNTI; the second type RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, TC-RNTI. N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than or equal to 0, and N1... <N2。

[0220] Optionally, if the control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by index M2, the first type RNTI, and the user-dedicated search space are used, a shaping modulation with modulation order M is selected; if the control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by index M1, or the second type RNTI, or the public search space are used, QAM modulation with modulation order M is selected. The first type RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), CS-RNTI, or SPS-RNTI; the second type RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, or TC-RNTI. M1 and M2 are positive integers greater than or equal to 0, and M1... <M2。

[0221] Specific Sub-Implementation Example 8

[0222] The modulation order is selected based on the data characteristics, either shaping modulation (M) or QAM modulation (M). The data characteristics are higher-layer RRC configuration parameters and a second type of parameter. The second type of parameter includes the format of the control information for scheduling transport blocks, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) scrambled onto the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block, and the search space corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block. The higher-layer RRC configuration parameter is the RRC enable signaling. M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6.

[0223] Optionally, if the RRC enable signaling indicates that shaping modulation is enabled, and a none fallback control information format, a first-type RNTI, and a user-dedicated search space are used, shaping modulation with modulation order M is selected. If the Radio Resource Control (RRC) enable signaling indicates that the mother codeword does not include the first L bits of the input information bit sequence, or a fallback control information format, or a second-type RNTI, or a common search space is used, QAM modulation with modulation order M is selected. The first-type RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), CS-RNTI; the second-type RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, TC-RNTI.

[0224] Optionally, if the Radio Resource Control (RRC) enable signaling indicates enabled shaping modulation, and the control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by index N2, the first type RNTI, and the user-dedicated search space are used, shaping modulation with modulation order M is selected; if the RRC enable signaling indicates QAM modulation, or the control information format for downlink scheduling indicated by index N1 is used, or the second type RNTI is used, or the common search space is used, QAM modulation with modulation order M is selected. The first type RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), CS-RNTI; the second type RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, TC-RNTI. N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than or equal to 0, and N1... <N2。

[0225] Optionally, if the Radio Resource Control (RRC) enables signaling to enable shaping modulation, and uses the control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by index M2, the first type RNTI, and the user-dedicated search space, a shaping modulation with modulation order M is selected; if the RRC enables signaling to indicate the mother codeword to indicate QAM modulation, or uses the control information format for uplink scheduling indicated by index M1, or uses the second type RNTI, or uses the common search space, a QAM modulation with modulation order M is selected. The first type RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), CS-RNTI; the second type RNTI includes at least one of the following: SI-RNTI, RA-RNTI, P-RNTI, TC-RNTI. M1 and M2 are positive integers greater than or equal to 0, and M1... <M2。

[0226] Specific Sub-Implementation Example Nine

[0227] Optionally, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected based on the data characteristics. The data characteristics include a first type of parameter, link direction, and waveform type. The first type of parameter is the code rate, modulation order, and number of transmission layers for the transport block; alternatively, the first type of parameter is the MCS index for the transport block. M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4 or 6. The link direction includes uplink or downlink, and the waveform type includes DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread OFDM) waveform or CP-OFDM waveform.

[0228] Furthermore, a more specific example is given below.

[0229] Optionally, for data characteristics of type I parameters, link direction, and waveform mode, here is a specific example: When the link direction corresponding to this transport block is the uplink direction, the waveform is a CP-OFDM waveform, and the MCS index is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, shaping modulation with modulation order M1 is selected; when the MCS index is less than the preset threshold, QAM modulation with modulation order M1 is selected. Here, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0230] Optionally, further, when the link direction corresponding to this transmission block is the uplink direction and the waveform is a DFTS-OFDM waveform, only QAM modulation with a modulation order of M1 can be selected (shaping modulation is not selected). Here, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0231] Optionally, further, when the link direction corresponding to this transmission block is the uplink direction, the waveform is a DFTS-OFDM waveform, and the MCS index is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, shaping modulation with modulation order M1 is selected; when the MCS index is less than the preset threshold, QAM modulation with modulation order M1 is selected. Here, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0232] Optionally, further, when the link direction corresponding to this transport block is the downlink direction, the waveform is a CP-OFDM waveform, and the MCS index is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, shaping modulation with a modulation order of M1 is selected; when the MCS index is less than the preset threshold, QAM modulation with a modulation order of M1 is selected. Here, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0233] Specific Implementation Example 2

[0234] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating another data modulation method provided in one embodiment. This optional embodiment provides a data modulation method applied to a transmitting node. As shown in Figure 4, the method includes the following steps.

[0235] Step 401: Add CRC to the transport block.

[0236] In this step, a check bit sequence is added after the transport block to obtain a transport block with the added check bit sequence. Optionally, the check bit sequence in this embodiment can be a CRC check bit sequence. This step is used to implement CRC addition to the transport block by adding the generated CRC check bit sequence after the input transport block.

[0237] Step 402: Code block segmentation and code block CRC addition.

[0238] The transport block with added parity bit sequence is segmented into code blocks, and a parity bit sequence is added after the code block or code block group to obtain C code blocks.

[0239] Step 403: Channel coding.

[0240] Encode the C code blocks to generate C mother codewords. Optionally, encode the C code blocks using quasi-cyclic LDPC codes to generate C mother codewords of length N, where N is a positive integer.

[0241] Step 404: Bit selection.

[0242] C encoded master codewords of length N are written into C circular buffers of length Ncb. Then, starting from position k0 in each circular buffer, a bit sequence of length E is selected sequentially to obtain the C-bit selected output sequence. Here, Ncb is a positive integer, and k0 is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0243] Furthermore, the starting position k0 is obtained based on the redundancy version (RV). The downlink control information (DCI) carried by the downlink control channel (PDCCH) indicates the redundancy version.

[0244] Furthermore, the redundant version with a value of 0 indicates that the starting position k0 is at bit position 0 of the circular buffer.

[0245] Furthermore, bit selection generates a HARQ sub-packet for the current transmission of a HARQ process.

[0246] Furthermore, the number of bits E read from the circular buffer by the current transmission of a HARQ process in this step is determined based on the number of allocated resource elements, the modulation scheme, and the number of transmission layers.

[0247] Step 405: Code block interleaving.

[0248] The output sequence after each bit selection is interleaved to obtain C interleaved sequences.

[0249] Step 406: Code block concatenation.

[0250] The C interleaved sequences are concatenated according to the code block segmentation order to obtain the data sequence after processing by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block.

[0251] The processing of a transport block before scrambling is called the channel coding chain processing, which includes steps 401-406 to generate a data sequence after channel coding chain processing of a transport block.

[0252] Furthermore, the channel coding chain processing described in this embodiment includes at least: transport block CRC addition, code block segmentation and code block CRC addition, channel coding, bit selection, bit interleaving, and code block concatenation. This is a binary bit-level signal processing process prior to the scrambling operation.

[0253] It should be noted that the channel coding chain processing described in this embodiment includes changes in the order of steps 401-406, removal of a step, and addition of an extra step (adding interleaving between code blocks, adding encoding between code blocks, or adding CRC to code block groups). All of these situations are within the scope of the channel coding chain.

[0254] Step 407: Scramble.

[0255] The data sequence after processing by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block is scrambled to obtain the scrambled data sequence.

[0256] Step 408: Modulation.

[0257] The scrambled input data sequence is modulated to obtain a modulated symbol sequence, i.e., a codeword stream. The modulation method is selected based on data characteristics to determine whether it supports shaping modulation. Shaping modulation can be probabilistic amplitude shaping modulation or geometric shaping modulation.

[0258] Furthermore, the step of selecting whether the modulation method supports shaping modulation based on data characteristics involves selecting shaping modulation or MQAM modulation based on data characteristics when the modulation order M is greater than or equal to M0, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than 1, and M0 is 4 or 6.

[0259] Furthermore, the step of selecting whether the modulation scheme supports shaping modulation based on data characteristics includes: if shaping modulation is supported based on data characteristics, the MCS index is an index of the MCS table supporting shaping modulation; if shaping modulation is not supported based on data characteristics, the MCS index is an index of the MCS table supporting QAM modulation. In the MCS table, each MCS index determines the modulation order M and / or the modulation scheme and code rate, and the MCS index is carried by downlink control information. Optionally, further, in the MCS table supporting QAM modulation, each MCS index determines the modulation order M and code rate; in the MCS table supporting shaping modulation, each MCS index determines the modulation scheme, modulation order M, and code rate corresponding to a specific constellation.

[0260] In the MCS table, each MCS index determines the modulation order M and / or modulation scheme and code rate.

[0261] Alternatively, further, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, every two adjacent MCS indices supporting shaped modulation correspond to the same constellation diagram.

[0262] Optionally, further, the MCS table supporting shaped modulation has L1 adjacent pairs of MCS indices, and L1 equals k0, wherein each adjacent pair of MCS indices refers to two adjacent MCS indices supporting shaped modulation corresponding to the same constellation diagram. Optionally, k0 = 3; optionally, k0 = 4; optionally, k0 = 5; optionally, k0 = 6; optionally, k0 = 7; optionally, k0 = 8; optionally, k0 = 9; optionally, k0 = 10.

[0263] Optionally, further, the MCS table supporting shaped modulation has L1 adjacent pairs of MCS indices, and L1 is greater than or equal to Ltotal / 4, wherein each adjacent pair of MCS indices refers to two adjacent MCS indices supporting shaped modulation corresponding to the same constellation diagram, and the total number of MCS indices supporting shaped modulation is Ltotal.

[0264] Optionally, further, the MCS table supporting shaped modulation has L2 adjacent groups of MCS indices, and L2 equals k1, wherein each adjacent group of MCS indexes refers to three adjacent MCS indices supporting shaped modulation corresponding to the same constellation diagram. Optionally, k1 = 1; optionally, k1 = 2; optionally, k1 = 3; optionally, k1 = 4; optionally, k1 = 5.

[0265] Furthermore, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, the first set Mset, which consists of all modulation orders supporting shaped modulation, is composed of consecutive even numbers in ascending order.

[0266] Optionally, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, Mset includes at least the first set {4, 6, 8}.

[0267] Optionally, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, Mset includes at least a second set {6, 8, 10}.

[0268] Optionally, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, Mset includes at least a third set {4, 6, 8, 10}.

[0269] Optionally, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, Mset includes at least a fourth set {6, 8, 10, 12}.

[0270] Optionally, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, Mset includes at least a fifth set {4, 6, 8, 10, 12}.

[0271] Optionally, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, Mset includes three odd modulation orders.

[0272] Optionally, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, Mset includes four odd modulation orders.

[0273] Optionally, the Mset in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation includes 5 odd modulation orders.

[0274] Mset refers to the set of modulation orders of all supported shaping modulations in the Supported Shaping Modulation MCS table.

[0275] Optionally, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, the set of modulation orders for all supported shaped modulations is a second set, FinerMset, consisting of higher-precision modulation orders. This higher-precision set (i.e., the second set) can support not only even-numbered modulation orders but also odd-even modulation orders. Optionally, the FinerMset set includes sets supporting one odd number, three or four even numbers.

[0276] Optionally, the FinerMset set includes support for 2 odd numbers, 3 or 4 or 5 even numbers.

[0277] Optionally, FinerMset's set includes support for 3 odd numbers, 4 or 5 even numbers.

[0278] Optionally, FinerMset's set includes support for 4 odd numbers and 5 even numbers.

[0279] In the MCS table that supports shaping modulation, the second set FinerMset, which consists of all modulation orders that support shaping modulation, is composed of consecutive natural numbers in ascending order.

[0280] Optionally, the set of FinerMset includes at least the first set {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}.

[0281] Optionally, the set of FinerMset includes at least the second set {6, 7, 8, 9, 10}.

[0282] Optionally, the set of FinerMset includes at least a third set {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}.

[0283] Optionally, the set of FinerMset includes at least a fourth set {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}.

[0284] Optionally, the set of FinerMset includes at least a fifth set {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}.

[0285] Optionally, the set of FinerMset includes at least the sixth set {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}.

[0286] Optionally, if the set of modulation orders for all supported shaping modulations in the MCS table is a second set of higher-precision modulation orders (FinerMset), each modulation order supporting shaping modulation corresponds to at most Lf MCS indices. Here, Lf is 3, 4, or 5.

[0287] It should be noted that through extensive simulations and research, it has been found that the performance gain of shaping modulation relative to QAM modulation is not stable for different MCSs, and it is difficult to guarantee a constant gain. However, through extensive simulations and verifications, it has been found that a higher precision modulation order set can achieve a more stable and significant shaping performance gain under different MCS index conditions. Compared with non-higher precision shaping modulation schemes, it can further significantly improve spectral efficiency and system data rate, and can better achieve the goals of 6G systems.

[0288] It should be noted that for the MCS table described in this embodiment, a one-to-one correspondence is established between each MCS index and each combination of modulation order and / or modulation method and code rate. In actual products, the form of the table is flexible. It can be stored in storage as an array or as a conditional assignment statement (as an implementation of the calculation code, different modulation order and / or modulation method and code rate are selected under different MCS index conditions (if statement)).

[0289] Furthermore, the step of selecting whether the modulation method supports shaping modulation based on data characteristics includes: if shaping modulation is supported based on data characteristics, the MCS index is an index of the MCS table that supports shaping modulation; if shaping modulation is not supported based on data characteristics, the MCS index is an index of the MCS table that supports QAM modulation.

[0290] Furthermore, in the MCS table supporting shaped modulation with the highest modulation order Mmax, the first set Mset, composed of all modulation orders supporting shaped modulation, is composed of consecutive natural numbers in ascending order; in the MCS table supporting QAM modulation with the same highest modulation order Mmax, the first set Mset, composed of all modulation orders supporting shaped modulation, is composed of consecutive even numbers in ascending order. Wherein, Mmax is at least one of the following: 6, 8, 10, 12.

[0291] Optionally, Mmax is 6.

[0292] Optionally, Mmax is 8.

[0293] Optionally, Mmax is 10.

[0294] Furthermore, the geometric shaping modulation employs a non-uniform constellation diagram. In the geometric shaping modulation constellation diagram, the closer to the origin, the denser the constellation points; the farther from the origin, the sparser the constellation points.

[0295] Furthermore, the geometric shaping modulation employs a non-uniform constellation diagram, in which all constellation point patterns are axially symmetric not only with respect to the real number axis but also with respect to the imaginary number axis.

[0296] Furthermore, the step of selecting whether the modulation method supports shaping modulation with a modulation order of M based on data characteristics is as follows: if the modulation method selected based on data characteristics is not shaping modulation, then QAM modulation with a modulation order of M is selected, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 4.

[0297] Optionally, the data features include at least a first type of parameters, wherein the first type of parameters may include at least the code rate, modulation order, and transmission layer.

[0298] Optionally, the data features include at least a first type of parameter, wherein the first type of parameter includes at least the MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) index in the downlink control information.

[0299] The data modulation method provided in this application embodiment has been described in detail from the perspective of the transmitting node. The data demodulation method provided in this application embodiment will be described from the perspective of the receiving node.

[0300] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a data demodulation method according to an embodiment. The data demodulation method provided in this embodiment can be applied to a second communication node. In this embodiment, the second communication node is a receiving node. It can be the access network device or terminal device shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 5, the data demodulation method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps.

[0301] Step 501: Receive the modulation symbol sequence sent by the first communication node.

[0302] Step 502: Determine the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence based on the data characteristics.

[0303] The demodulation method for the modulation symbol sequence is either the demodulation method corresponding to shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or the demodulation method corresponding to QAM modulation with a modulation order of M. M is the modulation order, which is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, where M0 is 4 or 6.

[0304] In this embodiment, the data features include at least one of the following: a first type of parameter, a second type of parameter, a third type of parameter, and a fourth type of parameter. The implementation methods for each type of parameter can be found in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 to 4 and various optional implementation methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0305] The implementation of determining the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence based on data characteristics can be found in the embodiments shown in Figures 2 to 4 and various optional implementations, which involve determining the modulation method of the scrambled data sequence based on data characteristics. This will not be repeated here.

[0306] Step 503: Demodulate the modulation symbol sequence according to the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence to obtain the scrambled data sequence.

[0307] Step 503 is the reverse process of modulation.

[0308] Step 504: Descramble the scrambled data sequence to obtain the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block.

[0309] Step 504 is the reverse process of scrambling.

[0310] The data demodulation method provided in this embodiment includes: receiving a modulation symbol sequence sent by a first communication node; determining the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence based on data characteristics, wherein the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence is either a demodulation method corresponding to shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or a demodulation method corresponding to QAM modulation with a modulation order of M, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6; demodulating the modulation symbol sequence according to the demodulation method to obtain a scrambled data sequence; and descrambling the scrambled data sequence to obtain a data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block. This data demodulation method achieves both compatibility with modulation complexity and improved channel capacity.

[0311] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating another data demodulation method provided in one embodiment. As shown in Figure 6, the data demodulation method includes the following steps.

[0312] Step 601: Receive the modulation symbol sequence sent by the first communication node.

[0313] Step 602: Determine the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence based on the data characteristics.

[0314] The demodulation method for the modulation symbol sequence is either the demodulation method corresponding to shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or the demodulation method corresponding to QAM modulation with a modulation order of M. M is the modulation order, which is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, where M0 is 4 or 6.

[0315] This step also includes step 380, which involves all technical features and / or sub-implementations.

[0316] Step 603: Demodulate the modulation symbol sequence according to the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence to obtain the scrambled data sequence.

[0317] The demodulation process involves demapping the points on the constellation map, which is the inverse process of modulation mapping.

[0318] Step 604: Descramble the scrambled data sequence to obtain the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block.

[0319] Descrambling the input scrambled data sequence is the reverse process of scrambling.

[0320] The implementation process and technical principles of steps 601 and 501, 602 and 502, 603 and 503, and 604 and 504 are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0321] Step 605: Deconcatenate the data sequences processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block to obtain C interleaved sequences.

[0322] Where C is an integer greater than 0.

[0323] The data sequence processed by the input channel coding chain is deconcatenated (segmented) to obtain a soft bit sequence of C interleaved code blocks. This is the reverse process of code block concatenation.

[0324] Step 606: Deinterleave the C interleaved sequences to obtain the output sequence after selecting C bits.

[0325] The soft bit sequences of C code blocks are deinterleaved to obtain C deinterleaved soft-output codeword sequences. This is the reverse process of code block interleaving. This step also includes step 350, which relates to all technical features and / or sub-implementations.

[0326] Step 607: Perform de-bit selection on the output sequence after selecting C bits to obtain C mother codewords.

[0327] This step is the reverse of bit selection.

[0328] Step 608: Decode the C mother codewords to obtain C code blocks.

[0329] This step performs channel decoding by individually performing LDPC or Polar decoding on each code block sequence in the C input mother codeword sequences, generating C decoded code blocks of length N. This is the reverse process of the channel coding step.

[0330] Step 609: Perform decoding block segmentation and decoding block verification on the C code blocks to obtain a transmission block with added parity bit sequence.

[0331] Based on the given CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) polynomial and input sequence, perform CRC check on the code block to determine whether the code block has been correctly received, and obtain the transmission block with added check bit sequence.

[0332] Step 610: Verify the transport block with added parity bit sequence to determine whether the transport block has been received correctly.

[0333] Based on the given CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) polynomial and input sequence, perform CRC verification on the transport block to determine whether the transport block has been correctly received.

[0334] The foregoing has detailed examples of the data modulation and demodulation methods provided in the embodiments of this application. It is understood that, to achieve the above functions, the transmitting and receiving nodes include corresponding hardware structures and / or software modules for performing each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0335] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a data modulation apparatus according to an embodiment. This data modulation apparatus can be disposed in a first communication node. The apparatus 700 includes a processing unit 710. The processing unit 710 can be used to perform the actions described in the embodiments of the above-described data modulation method, wherein the above-described data modulation method includes all previously protected data features.

[0336] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a data demodulation apparatus according to an embodiment. This data demodulation apparatus can be disposed in a second communication node. The apparatus 800 includes a processing unit 810. The processing unit 810 is used to perform the actions described in the embodiments of the data demodulation method, wherein the data demodulation method includes all previously protected data features.

[0337] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the specific working process and technical effects of the devices and units described above, as well as the execution steps, can be referred to the descriptions in the corresponding method embodiments above. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0338] The aforementioned data modulation and demodulation devices can be a single chip. The processing unit can be implemented in hardware or software. When implemented in hardware, the processing unit can be a logic circuit, integrated circuit, etc. When implemented in software, the processing unit can be a general-purpose processor that reads software code stored in a storage unit. This storage unit can be integrated into the processor or located outside the processor and exist independently.

[0339] This application also provides a communication node, including a processor, which is configured to implement the method provided in any embodiment of this application when executing a computer program. Specifically, the communication node can be a first communication node or a second communication node. The first communication node includes a processor, which is configured to implement the data modulation method provided in any embodiment of this application when executing a computer program; the second communication node includes a processor, which is configured to implement the data demodulation method provided in any embodiment of this application when executing a computer program. The following describes the implementation of the communication node using an example where the first communication node is a wireless transmitting device and the second communication node is a wireless receiving device.

[0340] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a wireless transmitting device provided in one embodiment. Figure 9 shows a general example of a wireless transmitting device, which includes at least: a controller / processor 910 implementing layer 2 / 3 functions, a transmit (TX) processor 920 implementing layer 1 functions, and a Tx transmitter 940 for converting baseband signals to radio frequency signals and processing radio frequency signals, which can be used for transmission by a base station or terminal. It should be noted that the processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire wireless transmitting device, execute software programs, and process data from the software programs. In addition, the wireless transmitting device may also include input and output devices, such as touch screens, displays, keyboards, etc., mainly used to receive input data and output data to the user.

[0341] If the wireless transmitting device is a terminal UE (User Equipment), the processor can read the software program from the storage unit, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data in the software program. When data needs to be transmitted wirelessly, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted, and then outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency (RF) circuit. The RF circuit performs RF processing on the baseband signal, and then transmits the RF signal to the outside in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna.

[0342] Specifically, this controller / processor 910 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions. In the downlink (DL) phase, it can provide Internet Protocol (IP) packets from the core network to a controller / processor. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, mainly including the following four functions:

[0343] First, the controller / processor 910 provides RRC functionality, responsible for managing the connection, resource allocation, handover, system information broadcasting, measurement reporting, power consumption control, and security management between user equipment and the radio access network. This ensures efficient connection, signal quality, and network resource optimization, and dynamically adjusts between different states (such as RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, and RRC_INACTIVE). It supports connection establishment, reconfiguration and release, handover management, system information broadcasting (such as Master Indication Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), as well as network slice selection and multi-connection management in 5G, ensuring that the network can flexibly respond to the needs of various application scenarios.

[0344] Secondly, the controller / processor 910 also provides PDCP functionality, including header compression and decompression, security assurance (including encryption, decryption, integrity protection and verification), data segmentation and reassembly, and supports the continuity of data transmission during switching, ensuring efficient, secure and seamless uplink and downlink data transmission.

[0345] Third, the controller / processor 910 also provides RLC layer functions, mainly including data segmentation, reassembly, retransmission, and order management between the physical layer and the PDCP layer, ensuring ordered transmission and retransmission of lost data packets. RLC supports three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM), each optimized according to transmission reliability requirements. RLC is also responsible for data encapsulation and transmission control, ensuring data stability on the wireless link. In AM mode, RLC provides an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) mechanism to guarantee reliable data transmission and handle packet loss. In UM mode, RLC provides more efficient transmission but does not guarantee data reliability. RLC also adapts to different data packet size requirements through segmentation and reassembly functions to achieve efficient data transmission.

[0346] Fourth, the controller / processor 910 also provides MAC layer functionality, acting as a bridge between the RLC layer and the physical layer. It is responsible for mapping logical channels to corresponding transmission channels, ensuring on-demand data transmission. The MAC layer controls data transmission based on network scheduling information, handles HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) retransmission processes, and manages resources such as transmission time slots, spectrum, and power. It dynamically adjusts the data transmission rate according to different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and ensures that different services are prioritized. The MAC layer is also responsible for channel coding and modulation selection, ensuring reliable transmission under different channel conditions. Furthermore, the MAC layer processes different priority traffic on logical channels through priority scheduling, ensuring that high-priority traffic (such as control signaling or urgent data) is transmitted in a timely manner. Through efficient resource scheduling, logical channel priority processing and management, the MAC layer optimizes the utilization of wireless resources, ensuring the reliability, efficiency, and fairness of data transmission.

[0347] The TX processor 920 implements Layer 1 functions related to various channel coding features. Layer 1 includes baseband processing at the physical (PHY) layer, including at least error detection, forward error correction (FEC) coding, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 920 processes the mapping of signal constellation diagrams based on various modulation schemes. The coded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM streams are spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams.

[0348] Multiple spatial streams are supplied to different transmit antennas 950 via Tx transmitter 940, mainly involving intermediate frequency (IF) and radio frequency (RF) processing. Each Tx transmitter 940 can modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0349] The controller / processor 910 may be associated with the memory 930 that stores program code and data.

[0350] If the wireless transmitting device is a terminal, the processor can be used to support the terminal device in performing the actions described in the above-described data modulation method embodiments. The transmitter and transmitting antenna are used to support the terminal device in performing the transmission functions as described in the data modulation method.

[0351] If the wireless transmitting device is a base station, the processor can be used to control the base station device to perform the actions described in the above data modulation method embodiments. The transmitter and transmitting antenna are used to support the base station device in performing the transmission functions as described in the data modulation method.

[0352] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a wireless receiving device provided in one embodiment. Figure 10 shows a general example of a wireless receiving device that can be used for receiving signals from a terminal or a base station. If the wireless receiving device is a terminal UE, when data is transmitted to the terminal device, the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal into data and processes it.

[0353] In a wireless receiving device, such as the UE in the following example, each Rx receiver 1040 receives signals through its respective receive antenna 1050. Each Rx receiver 1040 recovers the information modulated onto the radio frequency (RF) carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 1020. The RX processor 1020 implements Layer 1 functions associated with various channel coding functions. The RX processor 1020 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams sent to the receiving device (such as the UE in the following example). If multiple spatial streams are destined for the communication receiving device (such as the UE in the following example), they can be combined by the RX processor 1020 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 1020 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation point. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimation. The soft decision is then decoded to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the transmitting device over the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 1010, which implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions.

[0354] The memory 1030 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the uplink (UL), the controller / processor 1010 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control channel coding between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. The controller / processor 1010 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0355] Similar to the functions described in DL transmissions via the transmitting device, the controller / processor 1010 provides the associated RRC layer functions, PDCP layer functions, RLC layer functions, and MAC layer functions as previously described.

[0356] The controller / processor 1010 may be associated with a memory 1030 that stores program code and data. The memory 1030 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium.

[0357] If the wireless receiving device is a terminal, the processor can be used to support the terminal device in performing the actions described in the embodiments of the above data demodulation method, and the transmitter and transmitting antenna are used to support the terminal device in performing the receiving function as described in the data demodulation method.

[0358] If the wireless receiving device is a base station, the processor can be used to control the base station device to perform the actions described in the embodiments of the above data demodulation method, and the transmitter and transmitting antenna are used to support the base station device to perform the receiving function as described in the data demodulation.

[0359] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for ease of explanation, in Figures 9 and 10, the actual terminal device may have multiple memories (930 or 1030) and multiple processors (TX processor 920 or RX processor 1020). Memory may also be referred to as storage medium or storage device, etc.

[0360] In wireless communication systems, especially mobile communication systems, base stations are responsible for downlink transmission and uplink reception. A base station may include one or more radio frequency (RF) units (e.g., Remote Radio Units (RRUs)) and one or more baseband units (BBUs) (also known as digital units, DUs). This approach allows for separation of the baseband and RF components, enabling centralized control of the baseband and allowing the RF components to be located further away from the user, thus significantly improving coverage and reducing power consumption. For example, an RRU typically includes at least one transmit antenna 950 and a Tx transmitter 940, as well as at least one receive antenna 1050 and an Rx receiver 1040. It should be noted that the transceiver units can be integrated or implemented using the same module. A BBU typically includes a controller / processor 910, a TX processor 920, a controller / processor 1010, and an RX processor 1020. Again, the control or processing of the transceiver can be integrated or implemented using the same module.

[0361] It should be noted that in the aforementioned communication transmitting and / or receiving devices, the processor can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, etc. For example, it can be a baseband processor or a central processing unit (CPU). A baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while a CPU can be used to control communication equipment (e.g., base stations, terminals, or chips), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs. The communication device may include a transceiver unit for implementing signal input (reception) and output (transmission). For example, the communication device can be a chip, and the transceiver unit can be the chip's input and / or output circuits, or a communication interface. This chip can be used in a terminal, base station, or other communication equipment. Furthermore, if the communication device is a terminal, base station, or other communication equipment, the transceiver unit may include a transceiver, an RF chip, a filter, an analog-to-digital converter, an RF switch, etc.

[0362] In this application, the foregoing disclosure provides illustrations and descriptions, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit all aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and alterations can be made based on the foregoing disclosure, and can also be derived from practice in these areas.

[0363] In this application, no element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or necessary unless explicitly described. Furthermore, the articles “a” and “an” used herein are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Additionally, the terms “set” and “group” used herein are intended to include one or more elements (e.g., related elements, unrelated elements, combinations of related and unrelated elements, and / or similar elements) and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” If only one item is intended to be used, the phrase “single,” “only one,” or similar language is used.

[0364] In this application, the term "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or similar content. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, conditions, factors, etc.) should be construed as "at least based on A," unless specifically interpreted differently.

[0365] In this application, although specific combinations of features are referenced in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of aspects. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically referenced in the claims and / or not closed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of aspects includes a combination of each dependent claim with all other claims in the claim set. The phrase “at least one” in the list of referenced items refers to any combination of these items, including individual members. For example, “comprising at least one of: A, B, or C” is intended to cover A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, A and B and C (and any other order of A, B, and C).

[0366] In this application, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably. The term "and / or" in this document is simply an association to describe the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, such as A and / or B, which can represent three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and A and B exist independently of B.

[0367] In this application, “when…”, “if” and “if” all indicate that the UE or base station will make corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances, rather than within a limited time. They do not require the UE or base station to make a judgment action during implementation, and do not imply any other restrictions.

[0368] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps, systems, and apparatuses disclosed above, and their functional modules / units, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof. In hardware implementations, the division between functional modules / units mentioned above does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical units; for example, a physical component may have multiple functions, or a function or step may be performed collaboratively by several physical components. Some or all components may be implemented as processors, such as software executed by digital signal processors or microprocessors, or as hardware, or as integrated circuits, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Such software can be distributed on a computer-readable medium, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transient media).

[0369] As is known to those skilled in the art, the processor in this embodiment of the application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor or by instructions in software form. The processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or executed. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor or something similar. The steps of the methods disclosed in the various embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory; the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0370] As is well known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage medium includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technique for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data). Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache. For example, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Memory Bus RAM (DR RAM). Furthermore, it is well known to those skilled in the art that communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

[0371] This application also provides a computer-readable medium on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a computer, implements the function of any one of the aforementioned data modulation method embodiments or data demodulation method embodiments.

[0372] This application also provides a computer program product that, when executed by a computer, implements any one of the functions in the above-described data modulation method embodiments or data demodulation method embodiments.

[0373] Those skilled in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each embodiment described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the differences in hardware and software interchangeability, the above description generally describes the composition and steps of each embodiment in terms of functionality. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design limitations of the technical solution. A skilled craftsman can implement the described functions using different methods for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered as exceeding the scope of that application.

[0374] In this application, the systems and / or methods described can be implemented in various forms of hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limited to any particular aspect. Therefore, this document describes the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods without reference to any specific software code—it can be understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and / or methods based on the description herein.

[0375] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A data modulation method applied to a first communication node, the method comprising: Based on the data characteristics, the modulation method of the input modulation data sequence is determined; wherein, the modulation method of the input modulation data sequence is either shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with a modulation order of M, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6. Based on the modulation scheme of the input modulated data sequence, the input modulated data sequence is modulated to obtain a modulation symbol sequence; The modulation symbol sequence is sent to the second communication node.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, When the modulation mode of the input modulated data sequence is shaping modulation, the modulation coding scheme MCS index is the index in the MCS table that supports shaping modulation; When the modulation mode of the input modulated data sequence is QAM modulation, the MCS index is the index in the MCS table that supports QAM modulation.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, Each MCS index in the MCS table indicates at least one of the following: modulation scheme, modulation order, and code rate.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein, The MCS index is carried by a downlink control message.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The data features include at least one of the following: a first type of parameter, a second type of parameter, a third type of parameter, and a fourth type of parameter.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The first type of parameters includes at least one of the following: code rate, modulation order, number of transmission layers, MCS index in downlink control information, and number of code blocks.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The data features also include: the preset threshold value corresponding to the first type of parameter.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The step of determining the modulation scheme of the input modulation data sequence based on data characteristics includes one of the following: If the first type of parameter is greater than its corresponding preset threshold value, the modulation mode of the input modulation data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation; If the first type of parameter is greater than or equal to its corresponding preset threshold value, the modulation mode of the input modulation data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation.

9. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The second type of parameters includes at least one of the following: the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) scrambled on the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block, and the search space corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The second type of parameter includes the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block; Determining the modulation scheme of the input modulated data sequence based on data characteristics includes: When the format of the control information for scheduling the transmission block is a non-fallback control information format, the modulation mode of the input modulation data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation; When the format of the control information for scheduling the transmission block is a fallback control information format, the modulation mode of the input modulation data sequence is determined to be QAM modulation.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The second type of parameter includes the RNTI scrambled onto the CRC corresponding to the control information that schedules the transport block; Determining the modulation scheme of the input modulated data sequence based on data characteristics includes: When the RNTI is a type 1 RNTI, the modulation mode of the input modulated data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation; When the RNTI is a type 2 RNTI, the modulation mode of the input modulated data sequence is determined to be QAM modulation; The first type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), Configuration Scheduling Radio Network Temporary Identifier (CS-RNTI); the second type of RNTI includes at least one of the following: System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SI-RNTI), Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier (P-RNTI), Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (TC-RNTI).

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The second type of parameters includes the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block and the RNTI scrambled on the CRC corresponding to the control information for scheduling the transport block; Determining the modulation scheme of the input modulated data sequence based on data characteristics includes: If the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block belongs to the corresponding RNTI that supports shaping modulation, the modulation mode of the input modulation data sequence is determined to be shaping modulation. If the format of the control information for scheduling the transport block belongs to a control information format that does not support shaping modulation, or belongs to RNTI that does not support shaping modulation, then the modulation mode of the input modulation data sequence is determined to be QAM modulation.

13. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The third type of parameter includes at least one of the following: scheduling type indication information.

14. The method according to claim 5, wherein, The fourth type of parameter includes one of the following: link direction, waveform type, channel type, link direction and waveform type, link direction and channel type, waveform type and channel type, link direction and waveform type, and channel type.

15. The method according to claim 2, wherein, In the MCS table that supports shaping modulation, every two adjacent MCS indices that support shaping modulation correspond to the same constellation diagram.

16. The method according to claim 2, wherein, In the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, there are L1 adjacent pairs of MCS indices, and L1 equals k0. Each adjacent pair of MCS indices corresponds to two adjacent MCS indices supporting shaped modulation indices of the same constellation diagram, and k0 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 10.

17. The method according to claim 2, wherein, In the MCS table supporting shaped modulation, the first set Mset, which consists of all modulation orders supporting shaped modulation, is composed of consecutive even numbers in ascending order, including any of the following: Mset includes at least the first set {4, 6, 8}; Mset includes at least the second set {6, 8, 10}; Mset includes at least a third set {4, 6, 8, 10}; Mset includes at least a fourth set {6, 8, 10, 12}; Mset includes at least the fifth set {4, 6, 8, 10, 12}.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The channel coding chain processing includes: Add a parity bit sequence after the transport block to obtain a transport block with a parity bit sequence added. The transport block with added parity bit sequence is segmented into code blocks, and a parity bit sequence is added after the code block or code block group to obtain C code blocks; where C is an integer greater than 0; The C code blocks are encoded to generate C mother codewords; Each mother codeword is written into the corresponding circular buffer, and starting from the starting position k0 in each circular buffer, a bit sequence of length E is selected sequentially to obtain the output sequence after C bits are selected; where k0 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and the mother codeword corresponds one-to-one with the circular buffer; Interleave the output sequence after each bit selection to obtain C interleaved sequences; The C interleaved sequences are concatenated according to the code block segmentation order to obtain the data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block.

19. A data demodulation method applied to a second communication node, the method comprising: Receive the modulation symbol sequence sent by the first communication node; Based on the data characteristics, the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence is determined; wherein, the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence is either the demodulation method corresponding to shaping modulation with a modulation order of M or the demodulation method corresponding to quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with a modulation order of M, where M is the modulation order, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to M0, and M0 is 4 or 6. According to the demodulation method of the modulation symbol sequence, the modulation symbol sequence is demodulated to obtain the input modulation data sequence.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein, The data features include at least one of the following: a first type of parameter, a second type of parameter, a third type of parameter, and a fourth type of parameter.

21. The method according to claim 19, further comprising: The data sequence processed by the channel coding chain corresponding to the transport block is deconcatenated to obtain C interleaved sequences; where C is an integer greater than 0. The C interleaved sequences are deinterleaved to obtain the output sequence after C bit selection; The output sequence after selecting the C bits is deselected to obtain C mother codewords; Decode the C mother codewords to obtain C code blocks; The C code blocks are divided into decoded blocks and verified to obtain a transport block with an added parity bit sequence. The transmission block with the added check bit sequence is checked to determine whether the transmission block is received correctly.

22. A communication node, comprising: processor; The processor is configured to implement the data modulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, or the data demodulation method as described in any one of claims 19 to 21, when executing a computer program.

23. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the data modulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, or the data demodulation method as described in any one of claims 19 to 21.

24. A computer program product comprising a computer program, wherein, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the data modulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 18, or the data demodulation method as described in any one of claims 19 to 21.

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