Methods and apparatus for preamble format configuration in wireless communications
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/088178
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-04-14
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-22
Smart Images

Figure CN2026088178_22102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR PREAMBLE FORMAT CONFIGURATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application claiming the priority benefit of PCT Application No. PCT / CN2025 / 088781, filed 14 April 2025, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to wireless communications and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for preamble format configuration in wireless communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] In wireless communication systems, a random-access procedure is typically performed by a user equipment (UE) to initiate communication with a network node. During this procedure, the UE transmits a preamble to indicate its presence, obtain timing and frequency alignment, and request allocation of communication resources. Efficient and reliable random-access operation is therefore important for reducing access latency and ensuring satisfactory user experience.
[0005] In many existing systems, uplink transmission during random access is constrained by a relatively limited link budget. Uplink coverage may be adversely affected by significant path loss, limited UE transmit power, and system noise characteristics. The carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the uplink transmission is influenced by factors including transmit power, receiver gain-to-noise temperature ratio, propagation loss, and transmission bandwidth. Under certain deployment scenarios, especially those involving extended coverage or low-power devices, maintaining adequate uplink performance may become challenging.
[0006] One approach to improving uplink signal quality is to reduce the occupied transmission bandwidth, thereby enhancing the effective signal-to-noise ratio. As wireless technologies evolve toward next-generation systems, including prospective 6G systems, lower-bandwidth transmission schemes for initial access may be considered to improve uplink coverage and reliability. Such considerations may be particularly relevant in deployment scenarios requiring enhanced coverage robustness.
[0007] In addition, emerging deployment environments, including non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenarios, may introduce further challenges to random-access design. For example, satellite-based communication links may involve longer propagation distances, greater variation in user locations within a coverage area, and positioning uncertainties. These characteristics may affect timing alignment, coverage range requirements, and overall access performance.
[0008] Existing random-access preamble structures for current-generation systems may not fully accommodate these emerging requirements. Limitations may arise in terms of supported cell range, robustness to positioning uncertainty, flexibility in subcarrier spacing selection, and adaptability to diverse bandwidth configurations. As operating conditions become more diverse and deployment scenarios more complex, greater flexibility in preamble design may be desirable.
[0009] Accordingly, there is a need for improved preamble format design techniques that may support enhanced uplink coverage, accommodate diverse deployment environments including terrestrial and non-terrestrial scenarios, provide flexibility in subcarrier spacing selection, and enable efficient and reliable random-access procedures across multiple operating conditions.SUMMARY
[0010] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0011] One objective of the present disclosure is proposing schemes, concepts, designs, systems, methods, and apparatus pertaining to preamble format configuration in wireless communications. It is believed that the above-described issue would be avoided or otherwise alleviated by implementing one or more of the proposed schemes described herein.
[0012] In one aspect, a method may involve a user equipment (UE) determining a preamble format from a plurality of candidate preamble formats associated with different subcarrier spacings. The method may also involve the UE transmitting a preamble according to the preamble format. The preamble may be transmitted with a number of repetitions corresponding to a preamble repetition number. The preamble format may comprise a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration. At least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration may differ among the plurality of candidate preamble formats.
[0013] In one aspect, a method may involve a network node configuring a plurality of candidate preamble formats associated with different subcarrier spacings. The method may also involve the network node transmitting signaling indicating the plurality of candidate preamble formats to a user equipment (UE) . Each of the plurality of candidate preamble formats may comprise a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration. At least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration may differ among the plurality of candidate preamble formats. The signaling may further indicate a preamble repetition number, and the preamble repetition number may indicate a number of repetitions of a preamble transmission by the UE.
[0014] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) may comprise a transceiver which, during operation, wirelessly communicates with a network node. The UE may also comprise a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver. The processor, during operation, may perform operations comprising determining a preamble format from a plurality of candidate preamble formats associated with different subcarrier spacings. The processor may also perform operations comprising transmitting, via the transceiver, a preamble according to the preamble format. The preamble may be transmitted with a number of repetitions corresponding to a preamble repetition number. The preamble format may comprise a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration. At least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration may differ among the plurality of candidate preamble formats.
[0015] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, 5th Generation (5G) , New Radio (NR) , Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) , beyond 5G (B5G) , and 6th Generation (6G) , the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0018] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of preamble format corresponding to proposal 1, alternative 1, in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting another example scenario of preamble format corresponding to proposal 1, alternative 1, in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of preamble format corresponding to proposal 1, alternative 2, in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting another example scenario of preamble format corresponding to proposal 1, alternative 2, in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of preamble format corresponding to proposal 1, alternative 3, in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting another example scenario of preamble format corresponding to proposal 1, alternative 3, in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of preamble formats including a back-to-back preamble structure, a data-back-to-preamble structure, and a cyclic prefix (CP) structure in which the CP duration is equal to an integer multiple of 144 Ts in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) error calculation in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of another example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0029] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0030] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes, and / or solutions pertaining to preamble format configuration in wireless communications. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0031] In the present disclosure, NTN refers to a network that uses radio frequency (RF) and information processing resources carried on high, medium, and low orbit satellites or other high-altitude communication platforms to provide communication services for UEs. According to the load capacity on the satellite, there are two typical scenarios, namely: transparent payload and regenerative payload. In transparent payload mode, the satellite does not process the signal and waveform in the communication service but, rather, only functions as an RF amplifier to forward data. In regenerative payload mode, the satellite, other than RF amplification, also has the processing capabilities of modulation / demodulation, coding / decoding, switching, routing, and so on.
[0032] In a wireless communication system, a random-access procedure is important for initiating communication between a user equipment (UE) and a network node. During random access, the UE transmits a preamble to indicate its presence, acquire timing and frequency adjustments, and obtain uplink transmission resources. Efficient random access is therefore important for reducing initial access latency and improving overall user experience. However, as wireless systems evolve toward broader coverage ranges and more diverse deployment scenarios, current preamble designs may encounter limitations in supporting enhanced uplink reliability and coverage.
[0033] In current 5G NR systems, physical random-access channel (PRACH) preamble formats are defined with limited configurations in terms of subcarrier spacing, sequence length, cyclic prefix (CP) duration, and repetition structure. While such configurations provide implementation simplicity and compatibility, they may not fully satisfy requirements arising from extended cell coverage or reduced uplink link budgets. In particular, uplink transmission is often constrained by significant path loss and limited UE transmit power.
[0034] The uplink carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) may be expressed as: CNR = TX EIRP + G / T -K -PL -10*LOG10 (BW) , where BW denotes the transmission bandwidth. From the above relationship, it may be observed that reducing transmission bandwidth may increase the effective uplink signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, bandwidth reduction may be considered as a potential approach for enhancing uplink robustness during random-access transmission.
[0035] In 6G, new preamble formats may be considered corresponding to even lower bandwidths. By adopting new preamble formats with lower bandwidths, the uplink CNR may be further improved, leading to better communication performance and reliability in 6G NTN scenarios. 6G proposes two new preamble formats with different mapping methods NF0-NF8: The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration.
[0036] As wireless communication systems evolve toward 6G, new deployment environments, including non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenarios, introduce additional challenges. Satellite-based links may involve longer propagation delays, larger cell coverage areas, and increased positioning uncertainties associated with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) errors. In such scenarios, enhanced support for longer cell range, tolerance to positioning error, flexible subcarrier spacing (SCS) design, and adaptable bandwidth configuration may become increasingly important.
[0037] To address these challenges, some embodiments of the present disclosure propose enhanced preamble format designs supporting multiple subcarrier spacings and multiple sequence lengths. In some embodiments, the frequency-domain resource occupation of a preamble depends on a selected subcarrier spacing and a corresponding preamble sequence length. In addition, the time-domain occupation of the preamble may be configurable and may span multiple transmission intervals according to network configuration.
[0038] In some embodiments, a plurality of candidate preamble formats are provided, each corresponding to a respective subcarrier spacing and associated configuration parameters. The configuration parameters may include, for example, a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration. At least one of these parameters may differ among the candidate preamble formats, thereby forming multiple preamble format options for different deployment conditions.
[0039] In some embodiments, the preamble format may further support different time-domain structures, such as consecutive preamble transmissions, partial time-domain overlapping structures, or configurable cyclic prefix structures. In addition, the preamble sequence length may be determined from different sequence types, and the preamble transmission bandwidth may be determined based on the determined subcarrier spacing and sequence length.
[0040] In some embodiments, the configuration of cyclic prefix duration and guard period duration may be determined according to propagation-related conditions, such as propagation delay, target cell range, positioning error, timing uncertainty, or slot occupation duration. In some implementations, the cyclic prefix duration may be derived based on a calculated duration and adjusted to satisfy a predefined time unit constraint, and the guard period duration may be determined as a residual duration corresponding to a difference between a slot occupation duration and a sum of other preamble components. Through such calculation logic, flexible and deployment-aware preamble configurations may be achieved.
[0041] Through the above multi-format preamble design, uplink coverage robustness and communication reliability may be improved, particularly in 6G and NTN scenarios. The proposed schemes enable support for extended cell range, tolerance to GNSS-related positioning uncertainty, flexible SCS selection, and adaptable bandwidth configurations, while maintaining efficient and reliable random-access operation.
[0042] FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario 100 of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. Scenario 100 involves a UE 110 in wireless communication with a network 120 (e.g., a wireless network including an NTN and a TN) via a terrestrial network node 122 (e.g., a BS such as an eNB, a Next Generation Node-B (gNB) , a transmission / reception point (TRP) , a relay, or a gateway) and / or a non-terrestrial network node 124 (e.g., a satellite) . For example, the UE 110 communicates wirelessly with the network 120 using enhanced preamble format design schemes for random access in wireless communications. For example, in transparent payload mode, the terrestrial network node 122 (e.g., a BS) and the non-terrestrial network node 124 (e.g., a satellite operating as a relay) may form an NTN serving cell for wireless communication with the UE 110. In regenerative payload mode, the non-terrestrial network node 124 (e.g., a satellite) may have a full / part of gNB function and may be able to form an NTN serving cell for wireless communication with the UE 110, with or without involving the terrestrial network node 122 (e.g., a BS) . Alternatively, the terrestrial network node 122 may form a TN serving cell for wireless communication with the UE 110. In such a communication environment, the UE 110, the network 120, and the terrestrial network node 122 and / or the non-terrestrial network node 124 may implement various schemes for preamble format configuration in wireless communications in accordance with the present disclosure, as described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations, some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0043] For 6G systems, new preamble formats may be considered to accommodate even lower transmission bandwidths, thereby further improving uplink carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) and communication reliability, particularly in non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenarios. In some implementations, the proposed preamble formats support flexible frequency-domain and time-domain resource occupation depending on the selected subcarrier spacing (SCS) and preamble sequence length. In some scenarios, the preamble transmission may span multiple slots according to network configuration. These approaches may address challenges associated with random-access procedures, uplink link budget optimization, and GNSS error estimation.
[0044] In some implementations, methods are proposed for designing back-to-back preamble structures, data-back-to-preamble structures, and cyclic prefix (CP) configurations for PRACH preambles. In some scenarios, the CP duration may be configured as an integer multiple of 144 Ts. The 144 Ts is a basic duration / unit for a normal CP in NR or LTE. Configuring the CP duration as an integer multiple of 144 Ts may ensure proper timing alignment. In some implementations, the proposed designs support multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS) , including 1.25 kilohertz (kHz) , 2.5 kHz, 3.75 kHz, 5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, 15 kHz, and values greater than 15 kHz. These methods may enable efficient and reliable random-access operations, reduce access latency, and improve overall communication performance.
[0045] In some implementations, methods for GNSS error estimation may also be introduced to support accurate positioning and synchronization in wireless communication systems. In some scenarios, improved error estimation may enhance synchronization accuracy and improve overall network robustness.
[0046] In some implementations, multiple proposals may support different preamble subcarrier spacings. Each proposal may correspond to a specific preamble SCS and may be designed to adapt to different bandwidth and deployment conditions. In some implementations, each proposal may include multiple alternatives, such as Alternative 1, Alternative 2, and Alternative 3. In some scenarios, each proposal may further be associated with corresponding time-domain configuration tables and frequency-domain resource allocation tables that may comprise the structure and resource occupation of the preamble formats.
[0047] In some implementations, an Alternative 1 preamble design adopts a back-to-back preamble structure. In some scenarios, a guard period (GP) associated with a first preamble may partially overlap with a cyclic prefix (CP) of a subsequent preamble transmission. Unlike conventional NR designs, where the GP and the following CP are separated by an unused interval, the proposed structure allows such overlap. In certain scenarios, this design reduces unused time-domain resources and improves overall preamble resource utilization. In some implementations, the back-to-back structure may reduce signaling overhead and enhance time-domain efficiency for random-access preamble transmissions.
[0048] In some implementations, Proposal #1 introduces a new preamble format corresponding to a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 1.25 kHz. In some scenarios, Alternative 1 adopts a back-to-back preamble structure in which consecutive preamble transmissions are arranged without an intermediate idle interval. In some implementations, the cyclic prefix (CP) of a second preamble transmission may be considered as occupying the guard period (GP) of a first preamble transmission. In some scenarios, such a structure enables more efficient utilization of time-domain resources for random-access preamble transmission. Table 1 illustrates an example configuration corresponding to this alternative.
[0049] Table 1: an example configuration of the proposed preamble format for SCS = 1.25 kHz corresponding to Proposal #1, Alternative 1.
[0050] Note for Proposal 1 alternative 1: TCP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ, and TGP = 0. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown inTable 2.
[0051] Table 2: an example frequency-domain resource occupation corresponding to different preamble sequence lengths LRA.
[0052] In some implementations, the time-domain occupation of the preamble may be flexible and may span multiple slots depending on the network configuration. In some scenarios, the preamble may include N repetitions, where N may be configured via system information block (SIB) , radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control control element (MAC CE) , or downlink control information (DCI) . In some implementations, exemplary preamble formats corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 1 are illustrated in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 8. In some scenarios, FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 of a preamble format configuration, while FIG. 3 illustrates another example scenario 300 with different repetition structures in the time domain. In some implementations, FIG. 8 illustrates an example scenario 800 of preamble formats including a back-to-back preamble structure, a data-back-to-preamble structure, and a CP configuration in which the CP duration is equal to an integer multiple of 144 Ts.
[0053] In some implementations, FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 of a preamble format corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 1. In some scenarios, the preamble transmission may occupy one or more carrier slots in the time domain. In some implementations, the preamble format may include a cyclic prefix (TCP) followed by one or more preamble sequences. For example, in certain scenarios, Format 0-0 may include a cyclic prefix duration TCP = 6112 Ts followed by a first preamble sequence TSEQ#1 = 24576 Ts. In some implementations, other formats such as Formats 1 –3 may include the same cyclic prefix duration TCP = 6112 Ts followed by multiple preamble sequences, such as TSEQ#1 and TSEQ#2, each having a duration of 24576 Ts, which may span across consecutive carrier slots depending on the configuration.
[0054] In some implementations, FIG. 3 illustrates another example scenario 300 of preamble formats corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 1. In some scenarios, different preamble formats may include different numbers of preamble sequence repetitions in the time domain. In some implementations, each preamble format may include a cyclic prefix (TCP) , one or more preamble sequences (TSEQ) , and a guard period (TGP) . For example, in some scenarios, Format 0 may include one preamble sequence, while Formats 1, 2, and 3 may include multiple repetitions of the preamble sequence within a time duration that may span multiple milliseconds. In some implementations, the TCP and TGP may vary among different formats, such as TCP = 6112 / 6144 Ts and TGP = 6112 / 6144 Ts for Format 0, TCP = 12224 / 12288 Ts and TGP = 12224 / 12288 Ts for Format 1, TCP = 9104 / 9216 Ts and TGP = 9104 / 9216 Ts for Format 2, and TCP = 5984 / 6144 Ts and TGP = 5984 / 6144 Ts for Format 3.
[0055] n some implementations, FIG. 8 illustrates an example scenario 800 of a back-to-back preamble structure. In some scenarios, a first UE may transmit a preamble including a CP, a TSEQ, and a GP. In some implementations, a second UE may transmit another preamble in a back-to-back manner such that the cyclic prefix of the second preamble overlaps with or follows closely after the guard period of the first preamble. In some scenarios, such a back-to-back arrangement may reduce unused time-domain resources and improve preamble transmission efficiency in random-access procedures.
[0056] In some implementations, Alternative 2 adopts a data-back-to-preamble structure. In some scenarios, a GP or CP associated with a data transmission may partially overlap with a guard period of a subsequent preamble transmission. In some implementations, the overlap occurs between a data transmission and a preamble transmission rather than between two preambles. In some scenarios, such a structure may reduce unused time-domain resources and improve overall transmission efficiency during random-access procedures.
[0057] In some implementations, Alternative 2 adopts a data-back-to-preamble structure. In some scenarios, a data transmission may be arranged immediately before a preamble transmission in the time domain. In some implementations, the CP of the data transmission may be considered as occupying or forming part of the GP associated with the preamble transmission. In some scenarios, such an arrangement may reduce unused time-domain resources and improve transmission efficiency during random-access operations. Table 3 illustrates an example configuration corresponding to Alternative 2.
[0058] Table 3: example preamble configurations corresponding to the data-back-to-preamble structure in Alternative 2.
[0059] Note for Proposal 1 alternative 2: TCP = TGP + CP of data (144 / 160) , and TCP+TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ. The frequency domain resource occupation may depend on the SCS and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 4.
[0060] Table 4: an example frequency-domain resource occupation corresponding to different subcarrier spacings (SCS) and preamble sequence lengths LRA.
[0061] In some implementations, the time-domain occupation of the preamble may be flexible and may span multiple slots depending on the network configuration. In some scenarios, the preamble may include N repetitions, where N may be configured via SIB, RRC signaling, a MAC CE, or DCI. In some implementations, exemplary preamble formats corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 2 are illustrated in FIG. 4, FIG. 5, and FIG. 8.
[0062] In some implementations, FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario 400 of a preamble format corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 2. In some scenarios, the preamble transmission may occupy one carrier slot in the time domain. In some implementations, the preamble format may include a TCP, a TSEQ, and a TGP. For example, in certain scenarios, Format 0-0 may include TCP = 3128 Ts, followed by a preamble sequence TSEQ#1 = 24576 Ts, and a guard period TGP = 2984 Ts, where part of the guard period may correspond to the cyclic prefix of a preceding data transmission.
[0063] In some implementations, FIG. 5 illustrates another example scenario 500 of a preamble format corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 2. In some scenarios, different preamble formats may include different numbers of preamble sequence repetitions in the time domain. In some implementations, each preamble format may include a TCP, one or more TSEQ, and a TGP. In certain scenarios, Format 0 may include a single preamble sequence, while Formats 1 –3 may include multiple repetitions of the preamble sequence spanning multiple milliseconds. In some implementations, the TCP and TGP may vary among different formats to support flexible time-domain configurations.
[0064] In some implementations, FIG. 8 further illustrates an example scenario 800 of a data-back-to-preamble structure. In some scenarios, a first UE may transmit a preamble including a CP, a TSEQ, and a GP. In some implementations, a second UE may transmit data in the time domain adjacent to the preamble transmission. In some scenarios, the cyclic prefix of the data transmission may overlap with or occupy part of the guard period of the preamble transmission. In some implementations, such a structure may reduce unused time-domain resources and improve transmission efficiency during random-access procedures.
[0065] In some implementations, Alternative 3 adopts a CP configuration in which the CP duration is defined as an integer multiple of a basic time unit. In some scenarios, the CP duration may be expressed as CP = k × Ts, where Ts represents a basic time unit defined in NR systems. In some implementations, the CP duration may be configured as 144 × Ts or another integer multiple of Ts. In some scenarios, selecting a CP duration that is an integer multiple of the basic time unit may facilitate alignment with current LTE / NR timing granularity and sampling frequency structures. In some implementations, the multiplier is not limited to 144, and the CP duration may alternatively be configured as an integer multiple of another predefined basic time unit to support different deployment requirements.
[0066] In some implementations, Alternative 3 adopts a CP configuration in which the CP duration of the preamble is set to an integer multiple of 144 Ts. In some scenarios, such a configuration may facilitate alignment with current LTE / NR timing granularity and sampling structures. In some implementations, the CP duration may be expressed as CP = k × 144 Ts, where k is an integer. In certain scenarios, this design may simplify timing alignment and improve system compatibility. Table 5 illustrates example configurations corresponding to Alternative 3.
[0067] Table 5: example CP configurations in which the CP duration is an integer multiple of 144 Ts for the proposed preamble formats.
[0068] Note for Proposal 1 alternative 3: TCP≈TGP, where TCP = integer times of 144 and TCP = 144*ROUND ( (TCP+TGP) / 144 / 2) , and TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ-TCP. The frequency domain resource occupation may depend on the SCS and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 6.
[0069] Table 6: an example frequency-domain bandwidth occupation corresponding to different SCS and preamble sequence lengths LRA.
[0070] In some implementations, the time-domain occupation of the preamble may be flexible and may span multiple slots depending on the network configuration. In some scenarios, the preamble may include N repetitions, where N may be configured via SIB, RRC signaling, a MAC CE, or DCI. In some implementations, exemplary preamble formats corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 3 are illustrated in FIG. 6, FIG. 7, and FIG. 8.
[0071] In some implementations, FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario 600 of a preamble format corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 3. In some scenarios, the preamble transmission may occupy one carrier slot in the time domain. In some implementations, the preamble format may include a TCP, a TSEQ, and a TGP. For example, in certain scenarios, Format 0 -0 may include TCP = 3024 Ts, followed by a preamble sequence TSEQ#1 = 24576 Ts, and a guard period TGP =3088 Ts, where the cyclic prefix duration may be configured as an integer multiple of a basic time unit such as 144 Ts.
[0072] In some implementations, FIG. 7 illustrates another example scenario 700 of a preamble format corresponding to Proposal 1, Alternative 3. In some scenarios, different preamble formats may include different numbers of preamble sequence repetitions in the time domain. In some implementations, each preamble format may include a TCP, one or more TSEQ, and a TGP. In some scenarios, Format 0 may include a single preamble sequence, while Formats 1 –3 may include multiple repetitions of the preamble sequence that may span multiple milliseconds. In some implementations, the TCP may be configured as an integer multiple of 144 Ts, while the TGP may be adjusted accordingly to support flexible preamble timing structures.
[0073] In some implementations, FIG. 8 further illustrates an example scenario in which the CP duration of a preamble is configured as an integer multiple of 144 Ts. In some scenarios, the CP duration may be expressed as TCP = k × 144 Ts, where k is an integer. In some implementations, configuring the CP duration as an integer multiple of 144 Ts may facilitate alignment with current LTE / NR timing granularity and sampling structures. In some scenarios, such a configuration may improve timing alignment and support efficient preamble transmission in random-access procedures.
[0074] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of designing a new preamble format corresponding to a SCS of 2.5 kHz is proposed, where Ts = 1 / 30720 msec. In some implementations, Proposal #2 introduces a new preamble format for SCS = 2.5 kHz. In some scenarios, Alternative 1 adopts a back-to-back preamble structure, in which consecutive preamble transmissions are arranged without an intermediate idle interval. In some implementations, the CP of a second preamble transmission may be considered as occupying or forming the GP of a first preamble transmission. In some scenarios, such an arrangement may improve time-domain resource utilization and reduce unused transmission intervals. Table 7 illustrates example configurations corresponding to Alternative 1.
[0075] Table 7: example preamble configurations corresponding to the back-to-back preamble structure for SCS = 2.5 kHz.
[0076] Note for Proposal 2 alternative 1: TCP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ, and TGP = 0. The frequency domain resource occupation may depend on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 8.
[0077] Table 8: an example frequency-domain resource occupation corresponding to different preamble sequence lengths LRA and the subcarrier spacing of 2.5 kHz.
[0078] In some implementations, the time-domain occupation of the preamble may be flexible and may span multiple slots depending on the network configuration. In some scenarios, the preamble may include N repetitions, where N may be configured via SIB, RRC signaling, a MAC CE, or DCI.
[0079] In some implementations, Alternative 2 adopts a data-back-to-preamble structure for the proposed preamble format with SCS = 2.5 kHz. In some scenarios, a data transmission may be arranged immediately before a preamble transmission in the time domain. In some implementations, the CP of the data transmission may be considered as occupying or forming part of the GP associated with the preamble transmission. In some scenarios, such an arrangement may reduce unused time-domain resources and improve transmission efficiency during random-access procedures. Table 9 illustrates example configurations corresponding to Alternative 2.
[0080] Table 9: example preamble configurations corresponding to the data-back-to-preamble structure for SCS = 2.5 kHz.
[0081] Note for Proposal 2 alternative 2: TCP = TGP + CP of data (144 / 160) , and TCP+TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ. The frequency domain resource occupation may depend on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 10.
[0082] Table 10: an example frequency-domain resource occupation corresponding to different preamble sequence lengths LRA for for SCS = 2.5 kHz.
[0083] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0084] In some implementations, Alternative 3 adopts a CP configuration in which the CP duration of the preamble is equal to an integer multiple of 144 Ts. In some scenarios, such a configuration may facilitate timing alignment with existing LTE / NR timing granularity. Table 11 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this CP design.
[0085] Table 11: example configurations corresponding to this CP design.
[0086] Note for Proposal 2 alternative 3: TCP [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ, and TGP = 0. The frequency domain resource occupation may depend on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 12.
[0087] Table 12:
[0088] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB / RRC / MAC CE / DCI.
[0089] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of designing a new preamble format corresponding to a SCS of 3.75 kHz is proposed, where Ts = 1 / 30720 msec. In some implementations, Proposal #3 introduces a new preamble format for SCS = 3.75 kHz. In some scenarios, Alternative 1 adopts a back-to-back preamble structure, in which consecutive preamble transmissions are arranged without an intermediate idle interval. In some implementations, the CP of a second preamble transmission may be considered as occupying or forming the GP of a first preamble transmission. In certain scenarios, such an arrangement may improve time-domain resource utilization and reduce unused transmission intervals. Table 13 illustrates example configurations corresponding to Alternative 1.
[0090] Table 13:
[0091] Note for Proposal 3 alternative 1: TCP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ, and TGP = 0. The frequency domain resource occupation may depend on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 14.
[0092] Table 14:
[0093] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0094] In some implementations, Alternative 2 adopts a data-back-to-preamble structure, where the CP of data transmission may be considered as part of the GP of the preamble. In some scenarios, Table 15 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this structure.
[0095] Table 15:
[0096] Note for Proposal 3 alternative 2: TCP = TGP + CP of data (144 / 160) , and TCP + TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 16.
[0097] Table 16:
[0098] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0099] Alternative 3: the CP for the preamble equals to integer times of 144.
[0100] In some implementations, Alternative 3 adopts a CP configuration in which the CP duration of the preamble equals an integer multiple of 144 Ts. In some scenarios, Table 17 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this CP design.
[0101] Table 17:
[0102] Note for Proposal 3 alternative 3: TCP ≈ TGP, where TCP = integer times of 144 and TCP = 144 *ROUND ( (TCP+TGP) / 144 / 2) , and TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ -TCP. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 18.
[0103] Table 18:
[0104] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0105] In some implementations, Proposal #4 introduces a new preamble format for SCS = 5 kHz, where Ts = 1 / 30720 msec. In some scenarios, Alternative 1 adopts a back-to-back preamble structure, where the CP of a second preamble may be considered as occupying the GP of a first preamble. In some implementations, Table 19 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this structure.
[0106] Table 19:
[0107] Note for Proposal 4 Alternative 1: TCP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ, and TGP = 0. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 20.
[0108] Table 20:
[0109] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0110] In some implementations, Alternative 2 adopts a data-back-to-preamble structure, where the CP of data transmission may be considered as part of the GP of the preamble. In some scenarios, Table 21 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this structure.
[0111] Table 21:
[0112] Note for Proposal 4 Alternative 2: TCP = TGP + CP of data (144 / 160) , and TCP+TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 22.
[0113] Table 22:
[0114] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0115] In some implementations, Alternative 3 adopts a CP configuration in which the CP duration of the preamble equals an integer multiple of 144 Ts. In some scenarios, Table 23 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this CP design.
[0116] Table 23:
[0117] Note for Proposal 4 Alternative 3: TCP ≈ TGP, where TCP = integer times of 144 and TCP = 144*ROUND ( (TCP+TGP) / 144 / 2) , and TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ-TCP. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 24.
[0118] Table 24:
[0119] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0120] In some implementations, Proposal #5 introduces a new preamble format for SCS = 7.5 kHz, where Ts = 1 / 30720 msec. In some scenarios, Alternative 1 adopts a back-to-back preamble structure, where the cyclic prefix (CP) of a second preamble may be considered as occupying the guard period (GP) of a first preamble. In some implementations, Table 25 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this structure.
[0121] Table 25:
[0122] Note for Proposal 5 Alternative 1: TCP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ, and TGP = 0. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 26.
[0123] Table 26:
[0124] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0125] In some implementations, Alternative 2 adopts a data-back-to-preamble structure, where the CP of a data transmission may be considered as part of the GP of the preamble. In some scenarios, Table 27 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this structure.
[0126] Table 27:
[0127] Note for Proposal 5 Alternative 2: TCP = TGP + CP of data (144 / 160) , and TCP+TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 28.
[0128] Table 28:
[0129] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0130] In some implementations, Alternative 3 adopts a CP configuration in which the CP duration of the preamble equals an integer multiple of 144 Ts. In some scenarios, Table 29 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this CP design.
[0131] Table 29:
[0132] Note for Proposal 5 Alternative 3: TCP ≈ TGP, where TCP = integer times of 144 and TCP = 144*ROUND ( (TCP+TGP) / 144 / 2) , and TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ-TCP. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 30.
[0133] Table 30:
[0134] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0135] In some implementations, Proposal #6 introduces a new preamble format for SCS ≥ 15 kHz (e.g., 15 / 30 / 60 / 120 / 240 / 480 / 960 kHz) , where Ts = 1 / 30720 msec. In some scenarios, Alternative 1 adopts a back-to-back preamble structure, where the CP of a second preamble may be considered as occupying the GP of a first preamble. In some implementations, Table 31 and Table 32 illustrate example configurations corresponding to this structure.
[0136] Table 31:
[0137] Table 32:
[0138] Note for Proposal 6 Alternative 1: TCP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ, and TGP = 0. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 33.
[0139] Table 33:
[0140] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0141] In some implementations, Alternative 2 adopts a data-back-to-preamble structure, where the CP of a data transmission may be considered as part of the GP of the preamble. In some scenarios, Table 34 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this structure.
[0142] Table 34:
[0143] Note for Proposal 6 Alternative 2: TCP = TGP + CP of data (144 / 160) , and TCP+TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 35.
[0144] Table 35:
[0145] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0146] In some implementations, Alternative 3 adopts a CP configuration in which the CP duration of the preamble equals an integer multiple of 144 Ts. In some scenarios, Table 36 illustrates example configurations corresponding to this CP design.
[0147] Table 36:
[0148] Note for Proposal 6 Alternative 3: TCP ≈ TGP, where TCP = integer times of 144 and TCP = 144*ROUND ( (TCP+TGP) / 144 / 2) , and TGP = [30720 or (144+2048) *14] *duration of preamble (ms) -TSEQ-TCP. The frequency domain resource occupation depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the preamble sequence length. The preamble sequence length may be LRA and the frequency resource occupied BW may be as shown in Table 37.
[0149] Table 37:
[0150] The time domain occupation is flexible and may span multiple slots, depending on the network configuration. The preamble may have N repetitions, where N may be configured in SIB, RRC signaling, MAC CE, or DCI.
[0151] In another aspect of the present disclosure, Proposal #7 introduces a method of GNSS error calculation. In some implementations, GNSS positioning information may be available but associated with limited positioning accuracy. In some scenarios, the GNSS error restriction may be determined based on parameters such as a minimum elevation angle, an orbit height, and a CP length of a preamble. In some implementations, the GNSS error constraints may be calculated according to following equations to ensure that the timing uncertainty caused by GNSS errors remains within the tolerance supported by the configured preamble format. In some scenarios, such a design may improve the reliability of random-access procedures in satellite or non-terrestrial network deployments.
[0152] For scenarios where GNSS is known with limited GNSS error, the GNSS error restrictions should be calculated according to the equations following with the minimum elevation angle, orbit height, the CP length of preamble.
[0153]
[0154]
[0155] For example, as is shown in FIG. 9, when the minimum elevation angle = 45 deg, orbit height = 550 km, the CP length of preamble= 1728, the supported GNSS error ≈ 6 km.
[0156] In some implementations, FIG. 9 illustrates an example scenario 900 of GNSS error calculation. In some scenarios, when a minimum elevation angle is 45 degrees, an orbit height is approximately 550 km, and the CP length of the preamble is 1728, the supported GNSS positioning error may be approximately 6 km. In some implementations, the GNSS error tolerance may be determined based on geometric relationships between a UE and a satellite, propagation delay, and timing constraints associated with the configured preamble CP length. In some scenarios, such calculations may be used to ensure that GNSS positioning errors remain within a range that can be tolerated by the random access timing design.
[0157] In some implementations, a method of a new preamble format and related mechanisms is proposed. In some scenarios, the preamble format may comprise a sequence length selected from a set including {7, 15, 31, …, 1023, 1031, …} . In some implementations, the preamble format may support a subcarrier spacing (SCS) selected from {1.25 kHz, 2.5 kHz, 5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, ≥ 15 kHz} .
[0158] In some scenarios, the preamble format may adopt different structural configurations. For example, in some implementations, the preamble format may comprise back-to-back preambles, where consecutive preambles are transmitted in sequence. In some scenarios, the preamble format may comprise a data-back-to-preamble structure, in which a data transmission may follow or be aligned with a preamble structure. In some implementations, the preamble format may comprise a configuration where the cyclic prefix (CP) of the preamble equals an integer multiple of 144 Ts.
[0159] In some implementations, when the back-to-back preamble structure is adopted, the cyclic prefix duration TCP and the guard period TGP may be determined according to the relationship TCP = [30720 / (144+2048) ×14] × occupied slots -TSEQ, and TGP = 0. In some scenarios, when the data-back-to-preamble structure is adopted, TCP may be determined as TCP = TGP + CP of data (144 / 160) , and TCP + TGP = [30720 / (144+2048) ×14] × occupied slots -TSEQ. In some implementations, when the CP duration equals an integer multiple of 144 Ts, TCP may be determined as TCP = 144 × ROUND ( (TCP + TGP) / 144 / 2) , and TGP = [30720 / (144+2048) ×14] × occupied slots -TSEQ -TCP.
[0160] In some scenarios, such flexible configurations may enable the proposed preamble format to adapt to different timing requirements, sequence configurations, and deployment scenarios.
[0161] In some implementations, the present disclosure proposes a method of new preamble formats and related mechanisms applicable to PRACH with multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS) , such as 1.25 kHz, 2.5 kHz, 3.75 kHz, 5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, 15 kHz, and larger than 15 kHz. In some scenarios, different preamble structures may be adopted, including back-to-back preambles, data-back-to-preamble structures, and a cyclic prefix (CP) design in which the CP duration equals an integer multiple of 144 Ts. In some implementations, the preamble format may support various sequence lengths (e.g., {7, 15, 31, …, 1023, 1031, …} ) and configurable sequence repetitions, enabling flexible design across different deployment scenarios.
[0162] In some scenarios, the CP and guard period (GP) may be designed with different functional purposes. In some implementations, the CP may be used to tolerate propagation delay and timing errors between a UE and a network node, where the CP duration may be determined according to a target cell range or timing uncertainty. In some scenarios, the GP may be used mainly to align the preamble timing with normal slot boundaries, and the GP length may therefore be adjusted to achieve timing alignment rather than purely delay compensation. In some implementations, the CP and GP durations are not necessarily equal, but may be designed so that their timing boundaries can be aligned in the time domain.
[0163] In some scenarios, example format tables may specify parameters such as sequence repetition numbers, CP length, sequence length, GP length, maximum supported cell range, total preamble duration, and corresponding use cases. Compared with existing NR PRACH designs, which typically adopt fixed Zadoff–Chu (ZC) sequences and limited predefined sequence lengths, the present disclosure may support multiple sequence families, multiple sequence lengths, flexible CP / GP configurations, and extended preamble durations, thereby enabling support for long propagation delays and large coverage areas, such as those encountered in NTN.
[0164] In some implementations, different sequence types may also be supported. For example, Type-1 sequences may correspond to sequences with lengths of the form 2N -1, Type-2 sequences may correspond to prime-length sequences (including ZC-based sequences with lengths different from those defined in NR) , and Type-3 sequences may correspond to other sequence structures. In some scenarios, the frequency-domain resource occupation may depend on the sequence length and subcarrier spacing, where the preamble may be generated through operations such as DFT processing, frequency-domain mapping, and inverse FFT, so that the sequence length in the time domain does not necessarily equal the final occupied bandwidth.
[0165] In some implementations, the proposed design may further address NTN deployment scenarios in which the distance between the UE and a satellite is large, and the distance variation among UEs within the same beam may also be significant. In some scenarios, GNSS positioning errors may introduce additional timing uncertainty, which may affect the random-access timing. In some implementations, the CP length may therefore be determined by first estimating the timing error caused by propagation delay and GNSS positioning errors, then determining a suitable CP duration, and finally adjusting the GP duration to achieve time-domain alignment with slot boundaries. Such a design may improve the robustness and flexibility of random-access preamble formats in both terrestrial and non-terrestrial network environments. Illustrative Implementations
[0166] FIG. 10 illustrates an example communication system 1000 having an example communication apparatus 1010 and an example network apparatus 1020 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of communication apparatus 1010 and network apparatus 1020 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes, and methods described herein pertaining to preamble format configuration in wireless communications, including scenarios / schemes described above as well as processes 1100 and 1200 described below.
[0167] Communication apparatus 1010 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a UE such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus, or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 1010 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, an electronic control unit (ECU) in a vehicle, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a notebook computer. Communication apparatus 1010 may also be a part of a machine-type apparatus, which may be an IoT, NB-IoT, or IIoT UE such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a roadside unit (RSU) , a wire communication apparatus, or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 1010 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker, or a home control center. Alternatively, communication apparatus 1010 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction-set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set computing (CISC) processors. Communication apparatus 1010 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 10, such as a processor 1012, for example. Communication apparatus 1010 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of communication apparatus 1010 are neither shown in FIG. 10 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0168] Network apparatus 1020 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a network node such as a satellite, a BS, a cell, a router, or a gateway of a 4G / 5G / B5G / 6G, NR, IoT, NB-IoT, IIoT, or NTN network. For instance, network apparatus 1020 may be implemented in a satellite or an eNB / gNB / TRP in a 4G / 5G, NR, IoT, NB-IoT, IIoT, or NTN network. Alternatively, network apparatus 1020 may be implemented in the form of one or more IC chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more RISC or CISC processors. Network apparatus 1020 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 10, such as a processor 1022, for example. Network apparatus 1020 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of network apparatus 1020 are neither shown in FIG. 10 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0169] In one aspect, each of processor 1012 and processor 1022 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 1012 and processor 1022, each of processor 1012 and processor 1022 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 1012 and processor 1022 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 1012 and processor 1022 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks in a device (e.g., as represented by communication apparatus 1010) and a network node (e.g., as represented by network apparatus 1020) in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0170] In some implementations, communication apparatus 1010 may also include a transceiver 1016 coupled to processor 1012 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 1016 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs and / or wireless networks of different RATs. In some implementations, transceiver 1016 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 1016 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. In some implementations, network apparatus 1020 may also include a transceiver 1026 coupled to processor 1022. Transceiver 1026 may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 1026 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs of different RATs. In some implementations, transceiver 1026 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 1026 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for beamforming and MIMO wireless communications.
[0171] In some implementations, communication apparatus 1010 may further include a memory 1014 coupled to processor 1012 and capable of being accessed by processor 1012 and storing data therein. In some implementations, network apparatus 1020 may further include a memory 1024 coupled to processor 1022 and capable of being accessed by processor 1022 and storing data therein. Each of memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1014 and memory 1024 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) , and / or phase-change memory.
[0172] Each of communication apparatus 1010 and network apparatus 1020 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of communication apparatus 1010, as a UE, and network apparatus 1020, as a network node, is provided below with processes 1100 and 1200. Illustrative Processes
[0173] FIG. 11 illustrates an example process 1100 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1100 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to preamble format configuration in wireless communications. Process 1100 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 1010. Process 1100 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1110 to 1120. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1100 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1100 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 11 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1100 may be implemented by or in communication apparatus 1010 or any suitable UE or machine-type device. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1100 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 1010, as a UE, and network apparatus 1020, as a network node (e.g., gNB / satellite / TRP / relay) . Process 1100 may begin at block 1110.
[0174] At block 1110, process 1100 may involve processor 1012 of communication apparatus 1010, determining, by a user equipment (UE) , a preamble format from a plurality of candidate preamble formats associated with different subcarrier spacings. Process 1100 may proceed from block 1110 to block 1120.
[0175] At block 1120, process 1100 may involve processor1012 transmitting, via transceiver 1016, a preamble according to the preamble format. The preamble may be transmitted with a number of repetitions corresponding to a preamble repetition number. The preamble format may comprise a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration. At least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration may differ among the plurality of candidate preamble formats.
[0176] In some implementations, each of the plurality of candidate preamble formats may correspond to a respective subcarrier spacing and a respective time-domain structure, and the respective time-domain structure may comprise a back-to-back preamble structure in which a guard period of a first preamble transmission may partially overlap with a cyclic prefix of a second preamble transmission, a data-back-to-preamble structure in which at least a portion of a data transmission may overlap with a guard period of the preamble in a time domain, or a cyclic prefix structure in which the cyclic prefix duration may be determined as an integer multiple of a predefined base time unit.
[0177] In some implementations, the preamble format may comprise a plurality of preamble transmissions arranged consecutively in a time domain, and a guard period of a first preamble transmission may partially overlap with a cyclic prefix of a second preamble transmission. In some implementations, an end of the cyclic prefix of the second preamble transmission may be aligned with an end of the guard period of the first preamble transmission.
[0178] In some implementations, at least a portion of a guard period of the preamble may be time-domain overlapped with a data transmission. In some implementations, the cyclic prefix duration may be an integer multiple of a predefined time unit. In some implementations, the cyclic prefix duration may be configurable to support at least one of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment and a terrestrial network (TN) deployment, and the cyclic prefix duration may correspond to a propagation delay associated with at least one of a satellite communication link and different cell coverages.
[0179] In some implementations, the preamble format may be determined based on at least one of a positioning error parameter and a cell coverage, and the positioning error parameter may be derived from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) error estimation. In some implementations, the plurality of candidate preamble formats may comprise different time-domain structures, the different time-domain structures may comprise different combinations of the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration, and a total preamble duration based on the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration may be aligned with a slot or symbol boundary.
[0180] In some implementations, at least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration may be determined according to at least one of a propagation-related condition and a slot occupation duration. In some implementations, the propagation-related condition may comprise at least one of a frequency offset, a target cell range, a positioning error, a propagation delay, and a timing uncertainty corresponding to an estimation error of the propagation delay.
[0181] In some implementations, the subcarrier spacings may comprise 1.25 kilohertz (kHz) , 2.5 kHz, 3.75 kHz, 5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or a subcarrier spacing greater than or equal to 15 kHz. In some implementations, a frequency-domain bandwidth occupied by the preamble may be determined based on the subcarrier spacing and a preamble sequence length from a plurality of sequence types, and a time-domain occupation of the preamble may span a plurality of symbols or slots based on a network configuration.
[0182] In some implementations, the preamble format may comprise a first sequence type having a sequence length of 2N-1, a second sequence type having a prime sequence length, or a third sequence type different from the first sequence type and the second sequence type. In some implementations, the preamble repetition number may be configurable via at least one of system information, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , and downlink control information (DCI) .
[0183] In some implementations, a sum of the cyclic prefix duration and the guard period duration may be determined based on a slot occupation duration and the sequence duration. In some implementations, the cyclic prefix duration may be determined by rounding a calculated duration, derived based on the slot occupation duration and a propagation-related condition, to an integer multiple of a predefined base time unit, and the guard period duration may be determined as a residual duration corresponding to a difference between the slot occupation duration and a sum of the sequence duration and the cyclic prefix duration.
[0184] FIG. 12 illustrates an example process 1200 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1200 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to enhancements on preamble format configuration in wireless communications. Process 1200 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of network apparatus 1020. Process 1200 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1210 and 1220. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1200 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1200 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 12 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1200 may be implemented by or in network apparatus 1020 as well as any variations thereof. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1200 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 1010, as a UE, and network apparatus 1020, as a network node. Process 1200 may begin at block 1210.
[0185] At block 1210, process 1200 may involve processor 1022 of network apparatus 1020 configuring a plurality of candidate preamble formats associated with different subcarrier spacings. Process 1200 may proceed from block 1210 to block 1220.
[0186] At block 1220, process 1200 may involve processor 1022 transmitting, via transceiver 1026, signaling indicating the plurality of candidate preamble formats to a user equipment (UE) . Each of the plurality of candidate preamble formats may comprise a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration, and at least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration may differ among the plurality of candidate preamble formats. The signaling may further indicate a preamble repetition number, and the preamble repetition number may indicate a number of repetitions of a preamble transmission by the UE.
[0187] In some implementations, each of the plurality of candidate preamble formats may correspond to a respective subcarrier spacing and a respective time-domain structure, and the respective time-domain structure may comprise a back-to-back preamble structure in which a guard period of a first preamble transmission partially may overlap with a cyclic prefix of a second preamble transmission, a data-back-to-preamble structure in which at least a portion of a data transmission may overlap with a guard period of the preamble in a time domain, or a cyclic prefix structure in which the cyclic prefix duration may be determined as an integer multiple of a predefined base time unit. Additional Notes
[0188] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures may be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality may be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated may also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated may also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0189] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art may translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0190] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0191] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:determining, by a user equipment (UE) , a preamble format from a plurality of candidate preamble formats associated with different subcarrier spacings; andtransmitting, by the UE, a preamble according to the preamble format,wherein the preamble is transmitted with a number of repetitions corresponding to a preamble repetition number,wherein the preamble format comprises a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration, andwherein at least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration differs among the plurality of candidate preamble formats.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of candidate preamble formats corresponds to a respective subcarrier spacing and a respective time-domain structure, and wherein the respective time-domain structure comprises:a back-to-back preamble structure in which a guard period of a first preamble transmission partially overlaps with a cyclic prefix of a second preamble transmission;a data-back-to-preamble structure in which at least a portion of a data transmission overlaps with a guard period of the preamble in a time domain; ora cyclic prefix structure in which the cyclic prefix duration is determined as an integer multiple of a predefined base time unit.3.The method of Claim 1, wherein the preamble format comprises a plurality of preamble transmissions arranged consecutively in a time domain, and wherein a guard period of a first preamble transmission partially overlaps with a cyclic prefix of a second preamble transmission.4.The method of claim 3, wherein an end of the cyclic prefix of the second preamble transmission is aligned with an end of the guard period of the first preamble transmission.5.The method of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of a guard period of the preamble is time-domain overlapped with a data transmission.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the cyclic prefix duration is an integer multiple of a predefined time unit.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the cyclic prefix duration is configurable to support at least one of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment and a terrestrial network (TN) deployment, and wherein the cyclic prefix duration corresponds to a propagation delay associated with at least one of a satellite communication link and different cell coverages.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the preamble format is determined based on at least one of a positioning error parameter and a cell coverage, and wherein the positioning error parameter is derived from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) error estimation.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of candidate preamble formats comprise different time-domain structures, wherein the different time-domain structures comprise different combinations of the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration, and wherein a total preamble duration based on the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration is aligned with a slot or symbol boundary.10.The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration is determined according to at least one of a propagation-related condition and a slot occupation duration.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the propagation-related condition comprises at least one of a frequency offset, a target cell range, a positioning error, a propagation delay, and a timing uncertainty corresponding to an estimation error of the propagation delay.12.The method of claim 1, wherein the subcarrier spacings comprise 1.25 kilohertz (kHz) , 2.5 kHz, 3.75 kHz, 5 kHz, 7.5 kHz, or a subcarrier spacing greater than or equal to 15 kHz.13.The method of claim 1, wherein a frequency-domain bandwidth occupied by the preamble is determined based on the subcarrier spacing and a preamble sequence length from a plurality of sequence types, and wherein a time-domain occupation of the preamble spans a plurality of symbols or slots based on a network configuration.14.The method of claim 1, wherein the preamble format comprises:a first sequence type having a sequence length of 2N-1;a second sequence type having a prime sequence length; ora third sequence type different from the first sequence type and the second sequence type.15.The method of claim 1, wherein the preamble repetition number is configurable via at least one of system information, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) , and downlink control information (DCI) .16.The method of claim 1, wherein a sum of the cyclic prefix duration and the guard period duration is determined based on a slot occupation duration and the sequence duration.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the cyclic prefix duration is determined by rounding a calculated duration, derived based on the slot occupation duration and a propagation-related condition, to an integer multiple of a predefined base time unit, and wherein the guard period duration is determined as a residual duration corresponding to a difference between the slot occupation duration and a sum of the sequence duration and the cyclic prefix duration.18.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a transceiver which, during operation, wirelessly communicates with a network node; anda processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver such that, during operation, the processor performs operations comprising:determining a preamble format from a plurality of candidate preamble formats associated with different subcarrier spacings; andtransmitting, via the transceiver, a preamble according to the preamble format,wherein the preamble is transmitted with a number of repetitions corresponding to a preamble repetition number,wherein the preamble format comprises a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration, andwherein at least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration differs among the plurality of candidate preamble formats.19.A method, comprising:configuring, by a network node, a plurality of candidate preamble formats associated with different subcarrier spacings; andtransmitting, by the network node, signaling indicating the plurality of candidate preamble formats to a user equipment (UE) ,wherein each of the plurality of candidate preamble formats comprises a number of sequence repetitions, a cyclic prefix duration, a sequence duration, and a guard period duration,wherein at least one of the number of sequence repetitions, the cyclic prefix duration, the sequence duration, and the guard period duration differs among the plurality of candidate preamble formats, andwherein the signaling further indicates a preamble repetition number, and wherein the preamble repetition number indicates a number of repetitions of a preamble transmission by the UE.20.The method of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of candidate preamble formats corresponds to a respective subcarrier spacing and a respective time-domain structure, and wherein the respective time-domain structure comprises:a back-to-back preamble structure in which a guard period of a first preamble transmission partially overlaps with a cyclic prefix of a second preamble transmission;a data-back-to-preamble structure in which at least a portion of a data transmission overlaps with a guard period of the preamble in a time domain; ora cyclic prefix structure in which the cyclic prefix duration is determined as an integer multiple of a predefined base time unit.