Positioning unit, elastic unit, and rail fastener

Abstract

The present invention provides a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. The positioning unit is provided with a fully through positioning hole located between a rail and a sleeper, and the elastic unit is arranged in the positioning hole. Therefore, within the limited installation height of the rail and the sleeper, the elastic unit can further be arranged by utilizing the depth of the positioning hole, so that the overall thickness of the elastic unit can be significantly increased, and the rigidity is significantly reduced without changing other conditions such as the material, thereby enabling the rail fastener to have better vibration damping performance. In addition, by means of the positioning hole, vertical load bearing of the rail fastener is effectively decoupled from longitudinal and lateral load bearing thereof, thereby optimizing force transfer paths; vertical force basically does not act on the positioning unit, thereby alleviating or avoiding the problem of bending deformation or fracture of the positioning unit; moreover, the vibration of the rail is not transmitted to a fastening unit, thereby achieving more rational stress on a rail fastener system, prolonging the service life of components in the rail fastener system, and enabling the rail fastener to have a longer continuous service life and higher reliability.

Description

Positioning unit, elastic unit, and rail fastener Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rail transit technology, specifically relating to a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. Background Technology

[0002] Rail fasteners are one of the important components in the track structure. They maintain the correct position of the rail on the sleeper and other rail foundations, ensure a reliable connection between the rail and the sleeper, prevent longitudinal and lateral movement of the rail, provide a certain degree of elasticity to the track structure, reduce the transmission of wheel-rail vibration, and slow down the accumulation of residual track deformation.

[0003] Currently, there are various types of rail fasteners on the market, but they generally suffer from unsatisfactory vibration reduction effects, especially poor dynamic vibration reduction performance, as well as insufficient lateral stability. Some rail fasteners also have complex structures, inconvenient maintenance, and high costs. The following will use a commonly used rail fastener structure as an example to illustrate the above problems.

[0004] Figure 22 shows a commonly used rail fastener in the prior art. This rail fastener is installed on a sleeper, and from the upper surface of the sleeper upwards, there are an insulating buffer pad 1, a steel pad 2, and a rail underplate 3. The rail is placed on the rail underplate 3 and is held in place by the elastic clip 4 and the gauge block 5. The insulating buffer pad 1 and the rail underplate 3 are usually elastic pads made of rubber. The insulating buffer pad 1 and the steel pad 2 have corresponding through holes for mounting rail spikes 6, thereby fixing the stacked structure to the sleeper. In this fastening structure, because it is fixed and pressed by the rail spike 6 and the iron pad 2, the insulating buffer pad 1 cannot generate dynamic elastic deformation in the vertical direction when the train passes. In fact, only the rail pad 3 can generate dynamic elastic deformation and play a buffering and vibration reduction role. However, due to the very limited installation height between the sleeper and the rail, the thickness of the rail pad 3 is relatively thin, so its stiffness is high, especially the dynamic stiffness is significantly high. This results in a very limited vibration reduction effect of the rail fastening, making it difficult to apply to scenarios with high vibration reduction requirements. On the other hand, it can be seen that the rail pad 3 is only placed on the iron pad 2, and there is basically no structure to constrain the rail pad 3 in the lateral and longitudinal directions. Therefore, when the rail is subjected to a large lateral force, it is prone to large torsional deformation, affecting the geometric accuracy and service life of the rail.

[0005] Therefore, to solve the above problems, a new type of vibration damping fastener is needed that can be applied to high vibration damping demand scenarios, which also requires a new type of positioning unit and a new type of elastic unit for matching use. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention was made to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a rail fastener with better vibration reduction performance, a simplified structure, and easy maintenance. The invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a positioning unit disposed in a rail fastener that is compatible with a sleeper and a rail. It is used to position an elastic unit disposed between the rail and the sleeper, and to position a clamping unit that clamps the rail. Together with the elastic unit and the clamping unit, it constitutes the rail fastener. The positioning unit comprises: a central positioning part located between the sleeper and the rail for positioning the elastic unit; and two side positioning parts located on either side of the central positioning part for positioning the clamping unit. The central positioning part has a positioning hole, which is a rectangular through hole matching the shape of the elastic unit, located directly below the rail, and extending vertically through the elastic unit in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, thereby allowing direct contact between the elastic unit and the rail.

[0008] The positioning unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the positioning hole of the central positioning part is provided with a housing consisting of an upper housing and a lower housing that can be slidably fitted together, and an elastic unit formed by a rubber spring housed inside the housing. The through positioning hole allows the upper surface of the upper housing to directly contact the bottom surface of the rail, and the lower surface of the lower housing to contact the insulating base plate provided on the sleeper.

[0009] The positioning unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: the penetration depth of the positioning hole is 12mm to 30mm, the width direction of the positioning hole is consistent with the width direction of the rail, and the width of the positioning hole is 150mm to 170mm.

[0010] The positioning unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the length direction of the positioning hole is consistent with the extension direction of the rail, and the difference between the length and the width of the positioning hole is less than 10% of its width, so that the vertical cross section of the positioning hole is close to a square.

[0011] The positioning unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the central positioning part further comprises: multiple limiting parts that match the limiting protrusions on both sides of the elastic unit, for guiding and positioning the elastic unit.

[0012] The positioning unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the limiting part is a columnar groove, one side of which is connected to the positioning hole, and its axial direction is consistent with the through direction of the positioning hole. The lower end of the columnar groove is open and the upper end is closed, and the axial length of the columnar groove is greater than the length of the limiting protrusion.

[0013] The positioning unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the central positioning part further includes two columnar connecting parts, which are located on opposite sides of the positioning hole and connected between the two side positioning parts, and a plurality of limiting parts are symmetrically arranged on the two connecting parts.

[0014] This invention provides a rail fastener, which is installed in the rail in conjunction with a sleeper and a rail, for bearing and clamping the rail. The rail fastener has the following technical features: a positioning unit disposed on the sleeper; an elastic unit disposed between the sleeper and the rail for bearing the rail; and a clamping unit disposed on the positioning unit for clamping the rail. The positioning unit is any of the aforementioned positioning units, and the elastic unit is disposed in the positioning hole of the positioning unit.

[0015] The rail fastener provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature, wherein the height of the elastic unit corresponds to the height difference between the sleeper and the rail.

[0016] The rail fastener provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the elastic unit includes: a housing, which is composed of an upper housing and a lower housing that can be slidably fitted together; and a rubber spring, which is square columnar and housed within the housing.

[0017] The rail fastener provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: the rail fastener further includes an insulating base plate disposed between the sleeper and the positioning unit, wherein the lower end of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper surface of the insulating base plate.

[0018] The rail fastener provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: the rail fastener further includes one or more height adjustment pads disposed between the sleeper and the positioning unit for adjusting the height of the rail surface, wherein the lower end of the elastic unit contacts the upper surface of the height adjustment pad.

[0019] The rail fastener provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the fastening unit includes a gauge block, an ω-shaped elastic bar, and an elastic bar fixing member, and each side positioning part includes: two supporting positioning posts for supporting and positioning the two bends of the ω-shaped elastic bar, the upper end of each supporting positioning post having an arc-shaped groove matching the bend; an elastic bar fixing hole disposed between the two supporting posts and the positioning hole for installing the elastic bar fixing member; and a gauge block support plate disposed between the two supporting posts and the positioning hole, the side of which faces the positioning hole for supporting the gauge block.

[0020] The rail fastener provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the fastening unit includes a gauge block and an E-type elastic bar, and each side positioning part includes: an elastic bar fixing block, disposed next to the positioning hole, having a fixing hole on one side that matches the end of the E-type elastic bar, and the side of the elastic bar facing the positioning hole is used to support the gauge block; and an elastic bar support positioning block, disposed on one side of the elastic bar fixing block, having a support positioning surface at its upper end that matches the E-type elastic bar, used to support and position the E-type elastic bar, the support surface being inclined relative to the surface direction of the central positioning part.

[0021] This invention provides an elastic unit disposed in a rail fastener that is matched with a sleeper and a rail. Together with a positioning unit disposed between the sleeper and the rail, and a clamping unit disposed on the positioning unit for clamping the rail, the rail fastener is formed. The positioning unit has a positioning hole in its center, located below the rail and extending vertically perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, for positioning the elastic unit. The positioning unit has side positioning portions on both sides for positioning the clamping unit. The elastic unit comprises: a lower frame that matches and is disposed within the positioning hole; an upper frame that slidably fits into the lower frame and forms a cavity with the upper frame, the upper surface of which is a bearing surface for bearing and directly contacting the rail; and an elastic body housed within the cavity.

[0022] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the lower frame and the upper frame are rectangular caps with opposite opening directions, the lower frame is formed of an insulating non-metallic material, the upper frame is formed of a metallic material, and the opening end of the upper frame is slidably fitted into the opening end of the lower frame, and the bearing surface of the upper frame is in direct contact with the bottom surface of the rail.

[0023] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature, wherein the non-metallic material is any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroethylene propylene, or polytetrafluoroethylene filled with reinforcing material.

[0024] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: the upper edge of the lower frame is flush with or higher than the upper edge of the positioning hole, and there is a gap between the lower frame and the sidewall of the positioning hole.

[0025] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature: the width of the bearing surface is consistent with the width direction of the rail, and the width of the bearing surface is smaller than the width of the bottom surface of the rail.

[0026] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the side of the lower frame and the side of the upper frame are nested in a square shape, and the side of the lower frame and the side of the upper frame are both perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, so as to play a guiding role in the sliding process of the upper frame.

[0027] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature, wherein the elastic body includes a rubber spring body in the shape of a rounded square prism.

[0028] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature, wherein the rubber spring body has a plurality of channels extending from its upper surface to its lower surface.

[0029] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature: the number of channels is even, and they are arranged in two rows along the extension direction of the rail, with the two rows of channels located on the lower sides of the rail respectively.

[0030] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature, wherein the channel is straight or curved.

[0031] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature: the elastic body further includes two parallel reinforcing plates, which are respectively embedded in both ends of the rubber spring body.

[0032] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature, wherein the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from both ends of the rubber spring body to its middle part.

[0033] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the elastic body is any one of one or more rubber springs, multiple parallel steel springs, multiple series butterfly springs, or one or more foamed rubber springs.

[0034] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature, wherein the height of the elastic unit corresponds to the height difference between the upper surface of the sleeper and the bottom surface of the rail.

[0035] The elastic unit provided by the present invention may also have the following technical feature, wherein, within a load range of 20kN to 55kN, the dynamic stiffness of the elastic body is 6kN / mm, 8kN / mm, 10kN / mm, 15kN / mm, 20kN / mm, or 30kN / mm.

[0036] This invention provides a rail fastener, which is installed in the rail in conjunction with a sleeper and a rail, for bearing and clamping the rail. The rail fastener has the following technical features: a positioning unit disposed on the sleeper; an elastic unit disposed between the sleeper and the rail for bearing the rail; and a clamping unit disposed on the positioning unit for clamping the rail. The positioning unit has a positioning hole in its center, which is fully penetrating vertically in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, for positioning the elastic unit. The elastic unit is any of the aforementioned types of elastic units, disposed in the positioning hole of the positioning unit, and the bearing surface of the elastic unit is in direct contact with the rail.

[0037] This invention provides a rail fastener, which is installed in the track in conjunction with a sleeper and a rail, for bearing and clamping the rail. The rail fastener has the following technical features: a positioning unit disposed on the sleeper; an elastic unit disposed between the sleeper and the rail for bearing the rail; and a clamping unit disposed on the positioning unit for clamping the rail. The positioning unit has a positioning hole in its center, and the elastic unit's shape matches and is accommodated within the positioning hole. The positioning hole is located directly below the rail and extends vertically through it in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, so that the elastic unit accommodated in the positioning hole is in contact with the rail.

[0038] The present invention provides a rail track having the following technical features: the rail track includes at least: a sleeper; a rail fastener disposed on the sleeper; and a rail supported on the rail fastener and fastened by the rail fastener, wherein the rail fastener is any of the aforementioned rail fasteners.

[0039] The role and effect of invention

[0040] According to the positioning unit provided by the present invention, since it has a central positioning part and two side positioning parts located between the sleeper and the rail, and the central positioning part has a positioning hole that is completely through vertically in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, the elastic unit can be set not only by utilizing the height difference between the positioning unit and the rail, but also by utilizing the depth of the positioning hole. Therefore, within the limited installation height between the sleeper and the rail, the overall thickness of the elastic unit can be significantly increased, and its stiffness is significantly reduced when other conditions such as materials remain unchanged, thereby giving the rail fastener better vibration damping performance. Furthermore, when a train passes over the rail on this rail fastener, the elastic unit provides vertical load-bearing capacity, while the clamping unit and positioning unit provide lateral and longitudinal load-bearing capacity. Therefore, by setting positioning holes, not only are the elastic units well positioned and their height increased, but the effective separation of vertical and lateral load-bearing capacity of the rail fastener is also innovatively achieved, optimizing the force transmission path. Vertical force is basically not applied to the positioning unit, thus reducing or avoiding the problem of bending deformation or even breakage of the positioning unit due to long-term and frequent vertical force. Moreover, the vibration of the rail is not transmitted to the clamping unit, making the stress on the rail fastener system more reasonable and improving the service life of each component of the rail fastener system, resulting in a longer continuous service life and higher reliability of the rail fastener.

[0041] The elastic unit provided by the present invention, having a lower frame, an upper frame, and an elastic body disposed inside the housing, and with the lower frame matching and disposed within the positioning hole of the positioning unit, and the upper frame's open end slidably embedded within the lower frame, allows the entire elastic unit to be positioned by the positioning hole, elastically expanding and contracting only vertically while being well positioned and limited in the transverse and longitudinal directions. This makes the rail mounted on the elastic unit more stable, especially effectively reducing rail torsion and thus mitigating rail wear. Furthermore, since the elastic unit can be configured using the height difference between the positioning unit and the rail, as well as the depth of the positioning hole, the thickness (height) of this elastic unit can be significantly increased compared to the elastic pad in conventional fasteners, resulting in a significantly reduced stiffness and thus achieving better vibration damping.

[0042] The rail fastener provided by the present invention, due to the use of the above-mentioned positioning unit and elastic unit, is a rail fastener with better vibration reduction effect, higher reliability and longer service life. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 is a top view of the rail fastener in use according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 is a top view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 is a side view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 is a perspective view of the elastic unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 is a bottom view of the elastic unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 9 is a load-displacement curve of rail fasteners using three different stiffness elastic units in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 11 is a top view of the rail fastener in use in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 12 is a perspective view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 13 is a top view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 14 is a side view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 15 is a top view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 16 is a side view of the positioning unit in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic unit in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic unit in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic unit in Embodiment 7 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic unit in Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use in the prior art.

[0065] Reference numerals: Rail fastener 100; Positioning unit 10; Middle positioning part 11; Connecting part 112; Limiting groove 1121; Groove 1121a; Positioning hole 113; Inner wall 1131; Side positioning part 12; Support column 121; Arc bottom groove 1211; Elastic bar fixing hole 122; Gauge block support plate 123; Gauge block support surface 1231; Elastic bar fixing block 124; Elastic bar fixing hole 1241; Gauge block support surface 1242; Elastic bar support block 125; Elastic bar support surface 1251; Plate-shaped part 128; Square shallow groove 1281; Track 1282 nail mounting hole; 20 elastic unit; 21 lower frame; 211 limiting protrusion; 212 drainage hole; 22 upper frame; 23 elastic body; 231 rubber spring body; 232 reinforcing plate; 233 through hole; 30 insulating base plate; 40 elastic strip; 50 elastic strip fixing piece; 60 gauge block; 70 rail spike; 81 first height adjustment pad; 82 second height adjustment pad; 200 sleeper; 300 rail; 1 insulating buffer pad; 2 iron pad; 3 rail under pad; 4 elastic strip; 5 gauge block; 6 rail spike; h1 first height difference; h2 second height difference. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the positioning unit, elastic unit and rail fastener of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use according to this embodiment, and Figure 2 is a top view of the rail fastener in use according to this embodiment. Figures 1 and 2 show the rail fastener installed in the rail, and the elastic unit under the rail is shown in dashed line in Figure 2.

[0069] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the track includes at least sleepers 200, rail fasteners 100 mounted on the sleepers 200, and rails 300 supported and secured by the rail fasteners 100. Each rail fastener 100 includes a positioning unit 10, an elastic unit 20, an insulating base plate 30, a fastening unit, and a pair of track spikes 70. In this embodiment, the fastening unit includes a pair of elastic clips 40, two sets of elastic clip fixing members 50, and a pair of gauge blocks 60.

[0070] An insulating base plate 30 is mounted on the sleeper 200, and its length and width are substantially the same as those of the central positioning part 11. In this embodiment, the sleeper 200 is a concrete sleeper, and its upper surface is basically flat. The insulating base plate 30 is relatively thin, less than 5 mm thick. A pair of rail spike mounting holes are also provided at corresponding positions on the insulating base plate 30. In this embodiment, the insulating base plate 30 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0071] The positioning unit 10 is set on the insulating base plate 30, and the stacked insulating base plate 30 and the positioning unit 10 are fixed to the sleeper 200 by a pair of track spikes 70.

[0072] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the positioning unit in this embodiment, Figure 4 is a top view of the positioning unit in this embodiment, and Figure 5 is a side view of the positioning unit in this embodiment.

[0073] As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the positioning unit 10 is generally plate-shaped with a raised structure on one side, and includes a central positioning part 11 and a pair of side positioning parts 12.

[0074] The central positioning part 11 is generally rectangular in shape, with a through positioning hole 113 in the middle, and two parallel connecting parts 112 formed on both sides of the positioning hole 113.

[0075] The two connecting parts 112 are prismatic and parallel to each other. The length, width, and height of each connecting part 112 are aligned with the length, width, and height of the positioning unit 10, respectively. Each connecting part 112 has multiple limiting grooves 1121 (limiting parts), which are semi-cylindrical grooves. The length direction of the limiting groove 1121 is aligned with the thickness direction of the central positioning part 11. Its upper end is located in the middle of the connecting part 112, and its lower end is located at the bottom surface of the connecting part 112, forming a semi-circular groove 1121a on the bottom surface of the connecting part 112. That is, the upper end of the limiting groove 1121 is closed, and the lower end is open. One side of the limiting groove 1121 communicates with the positioning hole 113, forming a rectangular opening on the inner wall of the positioning hole 113.

[0076] The positioning hole 113 extends through the thickness direction of the positioning unit 10, and its cross-section in the through direction is a rounded rectangle with consistent dimensions. The openings at both ends are also rounded rectangles. Furthermore, the four inner sidewalls 1131 of the positioning hole 113 are rectangular strips, perpendicular to both the length and width directions of the central positioning part 11. After assembly, the positioning hole 113 of the positioning unit 10 is located directly below the rail. For ease of description below, in this embodiment, the width direction of the positioning hole 113 is the width direction of the rail, and the length direction of the positioning hole 113 is the extension direction of the rail.

[0077] In this embodiment, each connecting portion 112 is provided with two limiting grooves 1121 (limiting portions), respectively located near both ends of the connecting portion 112. The length and width of the aforementioned cross-section of the positioning hole 113 are both 150mm to 170mm. Preferably, the difference between the length and width of the cross-section of the positioning hole 113 is less than 10% of its width, more preferably less than 5%, that is, the vertical cross-section of the positioning hole 113 is very close to a square. The depth of the positioning hole 113 (that is, the thickness of the connecting portion 112) is 12mm to 30mm, preferably 20mm to 30mm. The width of the connecting portion 112 is 15mm to 25mm, and the height of the connecting portion 112 is correspondingly 12mm to 30mm.

[0078] The side positioning part 12 is used to set and position the snap fastener unit. The two side positioning parts 12 are located on both sides of the central positioning part 11 and are centrally symmetrically distributed along the center of the positioning unit 10.

[0079] In this embodiment, the side positioning part 12 is used to install and support the ω-shaped elastic bar. The side positioning part 12 includes a plate-shaped portion 128 and two support columns 121, an elastic bar fixing hole 122, and a gauge block support plate 123 disposed on the plate-shaped portion 128.

[0080] The plate-shaped portion 128 is generally rectangular with rounded corners. A square shallow groove 1281 and a rail spike mounting hole 1282 are formed on one side of the upper surface of each plate-shaped portion 128. The corners of the square shallow groove 1281 are rounded. The rail spike mounting hole 1282 is a circular through hole, and a pair of rail spike mounting holes 1282 are located on one diagonal of the positioning unit 10.

[0081] The support column 121 is generally square column-shaped, with an arc-bottom groove 1211 at its upper end that matches the bend of the ω-shaped elastic bar. The bottom surface of the arc-bottom groove 1211 is generally cylindrical. The two support columns 121 are arranged at a certain distance along the width direction of the central positioning part 11, and the two arc-bottom grooves 1211 are roughly aligned in the width direction of the central positioning part 11.

[0082] The spring bar fixing hole 122 is located between the two support columns 121 and the positioning hole 113, and is also located between the two supports 121 in the width direction of the positioning unit 10. The spring bar fixing hole 122 is a columnar hole used to install the spring bar fixing component for fixing the ω-type spring bar.

[0083] The gauge block support plate 123 is disposed between the two support columns 121 and the positioning hole 113, and is close to the edge of the positioning hole 113. Each gauge block support plate 123 has a gauge block support surface 1231 on the side facing the positioning hole 113, which is basically planar and perpendicular to the length direction of the central positioning part 11. The gauge block support surfaces 1231 of a pair of gauge block support plates 123 face each other and are used to support a pair of gauge blocks in the lateral direction.

[0084] In this embodiment, the positioning unit 10 is an integrally formed part made of ductile iron.

[0085] In an alternative, the positioning unit 10 can also be assembled from multiple components made of ductile iron. For example, the central positioning part 11 and the two plate-shaped parts 1281 can be made into a rectangular plate-shaped component, and the two support columns 121, the spring clip fixing hole 122, the gauge block support plate 123, etc., can be made into an irregularly shaped component, which can then be fixed to the rectangular plate-shaped component with fasteners. Alternatively, the positioning unit 10 can also be made of other metallic materials, such as cast iron or steel.

[0086] The elastic unit 20 is disposed in the positioning hole 113 of the positioning unit 10, and the rail 300 is placed on the elastic unit 20. That is, the lower end of the elastic unit 20 abuts against the insulating base plate 30, and the upper end abuts against the bottom surface of the rail 300.

[0087] Figure 6 is a perspective view of the elastic unit in this embodiment, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic unit in this embodiment, Figure 8 is a bottom view of the elastic unit in this embodiment, and Figure 8 shows the structure of the bottom of the lower frame.

[0088] As shown in Figures 6 to 8, the elastic unit 20 includes a lower frame 21, an upper frame 22, and an elastic body 23.

[0089] The lower frame 21 is a rectangular cap-shaped structure that matches the positioning hole 113. Its lower part is closed, and its upper end is open. Multiple limiting protrusions 211 are located on both sides of the lower part. These protrusions 211 match the limiting grooves 1121 on both sides of the positioning hole 113, forming a semi-cylindrical shape. The length direction of the protrusions 211 is consistent with the height direction of the lower frame 21. The lower end of the protrusions 211 is basically flush with the lower end of the lower frame 21, and the upper end is located in the middle of the height direction of the lower frame 21. The cross-section of the inner cavity of the lower frame 21 is a rounded rectangle, and the upper opening is also a rounded rectangle. The multiple limiting protrusions 211 are respectively fitted into the corresponding limiting grooves 1121, thereby providing lateral limiting for the elastic unit 20.

[0090] In addition, as shown in Figure 8, multiple drainage holes 212 are distributed on the bottom plate of the lower frame 21. These are small circular through holes. If water enters the cavity, it can be discharged through the drainage holes 212 to prevent the elastic unit 20 from being affected by water ingress and thus its elastic damping effect. In this embodiment, a total of eight drainage holes 212 are provided, arranged in groups of two, with each group of drainage holes 212 located near a corner of the bottom of the lower frame 21.

[0091] The lower frame 21 can be inserted into and approximately fitted into the positioning hole 113 through the lower opening. Multiple limiting protrusions 211 on both sides of the lower frame 21 are respectively fitted into the limiting grooves 1121. The bottom surface of the lower frame 21 contacts the insulating base plate 30, and the height of the lower frame 21 is equal to or slightly greater than the depth of the positioning hole 113. In this embodiment, the extension length of the limiting protrusions 211 is approximately the same as the extension length of the limiting grooves 1121, thus the lower frame 21 is approximately fixed in the positioning hole 113. The edge of the opening end of the lower frame 21 is approximately flush with the upper end of the connecting portion 112 next to the positioning hole 113, or may be slightly higher than the upper end of the connecting portion 112. In this embodiment, the upper edge of the lower frame 21 is 2mm to 4mm higher than the upper end of the connecting portion 112. In an alternative embodiment, the extension length of the limiting protrusion 211 can be slightly less than the extension length of the limiting groove 1121. The limiting protrusion 211 can move slightly within the connecting limiting groove 1121 along its extension length direction (i.e., the through direction of the positioning hole 113). The cooperation between the limiting protrusion 211 and the connecting limiting groove 1121 can also achieve a certain guiding effect. In this case, they can be referred to as a guide protrusion and a guide groove, respectively. In an alternative embodiment, the connecting limiting groove 1121 can also be a through groove extending from the upper edge of the positioning hole 113 to its lower edge.

[0092] The upper frame 22 is also rectangular, with its outer perimeter length and width equal to or slightly smaller than the length and width of the inner cavity of the lower frame 21. The open end of the upper frame 22 faces downward and is slidably embedded in the inner cavity of the lower frame 21, forming a semi-closed cavity between the fitted upper frame 22 and the lower frame 21, within which the elastic body 23 is housed. The upper surface of the upper frame 22 serves as a bearing surface for supporting the rail. The bearing surface is nearly square and has a large area. Specifically, the length (length along the rail extension direction) and width (width in the same direction as the rail width) of the bearing surface are both 120mm to 140mm, meaning the width of the bearing surface is smaller than the width of the bottom surface of the rail. Preferably, the width of the bearing surface is 134mm to 140mm, resulting in a 5mm to 8mm gap between each side of the upper frame 22 and the corresponding side of the bottom of the rail. More preferably, the width of the bearing surface is 140mm and the length is 134mm.

[0093] One of the lower frame 21 and the upper frame 22 is made of a metallic material, and the other is made of a non-metallic material with a hardness less than that of a metallic material. Preferably, the non-metallic material is one with good insulation properties, low frictional resistance, and good wear resistance, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroethylene propylene (FEP), or PTFE filled with reinforcing materials, such as carbon fiber, copper powder, or polystyrene. The metallic material is, for example, cast iron or steel. More preferably, the lower frame 21 is made of PTFE, which is softer than the metallic material, so that there is a non-rigid contact between the elastic unit 20 and the positioning unit 10. Additionally, optionally, a very small gap, such as less than 1 mm, may exist between the lower frame 21 and the positioning hole 113.

[0094] When the lower frame 21 is made of a non-metallic material with good insulation, since the rail 300 only contacts the elastic unit 20 and the gauge block 60, and does not contact the positioning unit 10, and the upper frame 22 does not contact the positioning unit 10, the rail fastener 100 may optionally not include the insulating base plate 30, that is, the positioning unit 10 and the lower frame 21 are directly placed on the sleeper 200, so that the elastic unit 20 can have a larger thickness (height).

[0095] As shown in Figure 7, in this embodiment, the elastic body 23 includes a rubber spring body 231 and two reinforcing plates 232.

[0096] As its name suggests, the rubber spring body 231 is made of rubber and has a flattened rectangular column shape. Its cross-section along its height is a rounded rectangle, and its cross-sectional dimensions gradually decrease from both ends to the middle, making the four sides of the rubber spring body 231 concave arc-shaped. When not subjected to external force, the four sides are approximately cylindrical surfaces. The length and width of the two ends of the rubber spring body 231 are equal to or slightly smaller than the length and width of the inner cavity of the upper frame 22, so its upper end can be roughly fitted into the inner top surface of the upper frame 22, and its lower end rests on the inner bottom surface of the lower frame 21. There is a gap between the side of the rubber spring body 231 and the inner sidewall of the upper frame 22, which is the deformable space of the rubber spring body 231.

[0097] The two reinforcing plates 232 are rounded rectangular metal plates, preferably steel plates, with their length and width slightly smaller than the length and width of the ends of the rubber spring body 231, respectively. The two reinforcing plates 232 are embedded inside both ends of the rubber spring body 231. When the elastic unit 20 is subjected to pressure, the reinforcing plates 232 can transmit the pressure more evenly to the interior of the rubber spring body 231, which is equivalent to increasing the constraint area at the ends of the rubber spring body 231. This can reduce the elastic deformation under the preload (static load) of the elastic force of the spring clip and the weight of the rail after assembly, thereby enabling the elastic body 23 to have a lower dynamic stiffness and achieve better vibration reduction when the train passes.

[0098] In an alternative, the rubber spring body 231 of the elastomer 23 may also be in other similar shapes, such as a rounded square prism with a uniform cross-sectional area; or the two ends of the rubber spring body 231 may be rounded rectangular plates, so that the reinforcing plate 232 can be more stably embedded in the two ends.

[0099] In this embodiment, under the pre-compression state after assembly (i.e., the state in Figures 1 and 2, where the elastic unit 20 is pre-compressed by the weight of the spring clip and the rail), the thickness (height) of the elastic unit 20 is 35mm to 39mm; while without the insulating base plate 30, the maximum thickness of the elastic unit 20 can reach 44mm. The dynamic stiffness of the elastomer 23 is 6kN / mm, 8kN / mm, 10kN / mm, 15kN / mm, 20kN / mm, or 30kN / mm, or multiple elastomers 23 are provided, with their dynamic stiffnesses being the above values ​​respectively, that is, multiple elastomers 23 with a stepped stiffness distribution are provided, which can be replaced as needed to provide greater flexibility. The stiffness of the elastomer 23 can be achieved by fine-tuning the rubber material and / or the manufacturing process, specifically by adopting corresponding methods in the prior art.

[0100] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, there is a first height difference h1 between the opening edge of the upper frame 22 and the inner bottom surface of the lower frame 21, and a second height difference h2 between the top of the upper frame 22 and the opening edge of the lower frame 21. In this embodiment, the height of the elastic body 23, the deformation of the elastic body 23 within the predetermined load range, the height of the upper frame 22, and the height of the lower frame 21 are such that: under the load within the predetermined range, the first height difference h1 is at least 8mm to 10mm, that is, within the predetermined load range, the opening edge of the upper frame 22 and the inner bottom surface of the lower frame 21 never contact each other, and there is a sufficient gap height, so that the elastic body 23 can always play an elastic damping role. Without external force, the second height difference h2 is 12mm to 14mm; under a predetermined load range, the second height difference h2 is at least 3mm to 5mm, meaning that within the predetermined load range, the upper end of the frame 22 is always higher than the upper end of the connecting portion 112 of the positioning unit 10, and the bottom of the rail 300 will never contact the positioning unit 10. The predetermined load range can be, for example, 20kN to 55kN.

[0101] The spring clip 40 is an ω-shaped spring clip. A pair of spring clips 40 are respectively fixed to a pair of side positioning parts 12 by a set of spring clip fixing members 50. The two curved parts of the ω-shaped spring clip are respectively placed in the arc-bottom grooves 1211 on a pair of support columns 121. The spring clip fixing members 50 pass through the middle of the ω-shaped spring clip and press it tightly. The spring clip fixing members 50 include, for example, bolts, nuts and washers. In this embodiment, the spring clip 40 is made of silicon manganese spring steel.

[0102] The gauge block 60 is elongated, with an obtuse L-shaped cross-section along its length. The inner side of the gauge block 60 rests against one side of the bottom of the rail 300, the outer side abuts against the gauge block support surface 1231 of the gauge block support plate 123, and the upper side abuts against both ends of the elastic clip 40. Under the force of the elastic clip 40, the bottom sides of the rail 300 are pressed tightly by the two gauge blocks 60, experiencing downward and lateral opposing compressive forces. Depending on the gauge and rail geometry requirements, the two gauge blocks 60 can be of different models. In this embodiment, the gauge block is made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0103] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, after assembly, the insulating base plate 30 and the positioning unit 10 are fixed to the sleeper 200 by a pair of rail spikes 70. The elastic unit 20 is accommodated in the positioning hole 113 in the middle of the positioning unit 10. The elastic unit 20 can elastically deform in the vertical direction, and its position and elastic deformation in the lateral direction are positioned and restricted by the positioning hole 113. Furthermore, since the upper end of the limiting groove 1121 is closed, the vertical position of the elastic unit 20 is also positioned and restricted. The rail 300 is placed above the elastic unit 20, that is, the lower end of the elastic unit 20 abuts against the insulating base plate 30, and the upper end abuts against the bottom surface of the rail 300. The elastic strips 40 and gauge blocks 60 installed at both ends of the positioning unit 10 apply downward and lateral pressure to both sides of the bottom of the rail 300.

[0104] Therefore, when a train passes over the rail 300, the insulating base plate 30 and the elastic unit 20 provide vertical load bearing, and the elastic unit 20 can buffer and dampen vibration through elastic deformation, reducing the downward transmission of vertical load. Only a small portion of the lateral force on the rail 300 is transmitted to the elastic unit 20 in the form of friction. The gauge block 60, elastic strip 40, positioning unit 10, and track spike 70 provide longitudinal and lateral (rail width and rail extension) load bearing, maintaining the rail gauge and geometry. The vertical force on the rail 300 mainly acts on the elastic unit 20, and the positioning unit 10 is basically not subjected to vertical force from the rail 300. That is, by opening a positioning hole 113 in the middle of the positioning unit 10 and placing the elastic unit 20 in the positioning hole 113, not only can the thickness of the elastic unit 20 be increased, but also the effective separation (decoupling) of the vertical load bearing and the longitudinal and lateral load bearing of the rail fastener is achieved.

[0105] Regarding decoupling, it's worth noting that vibration isolation primarily works by reducing the transmission of vibration from its source to other structures or equipment, or vice versa. Vibration isolation technologies include damping and decoupling. Damping dissipates vibration energy, while decoupling refers to cutting off the vibration energy transmission path through physical isolation or dynamic means. Its core objective is to reduce or eliminate the mechanical coupling between the vibration source and the protected system, thereby effectively isolating vibration transmission. In this embodiment, the principle of decoupling is to block the rigid connection between the rail and the positioning unit and optimize the vibration transmission path. This is achieved by creating a through-hole in the center of the positioning unit and installing an elastic element within it, ensuring that the rail only contacts the elastic element within a predetermined load range, thus preventing vibration from being directly transmitted through the structure.

[0106] Figure 9 is a load-displacement curve of rail fasteners using three different stiffness elastic units in this embodiment.

[0107] As shown in Figure 9, the inventors prepared corresponding rail fastener samples based on the above structural design, and prepared various elastic units with different properties to conduct simulation tests, obtaining corresponding load-displacement curves. Figure 9 shows the curves of three sets of test data.

[0108] The three curves in Figure 9 are denoted as C1, C2, and C3, respectively. Under loads ranging from 20kN to 55kN, the elastic element corresponding to C1 has a static stiffness of 9kN / mm, a dynamic stiffness of 12kN / mm, and a dynamic-to-static ratio of 1.3; the elastic element corresponding to C2 has a static stiffness of 10kN / mm, a dynamic stiffness of 14kN / mm, and a dynamic-to-static ratio of 1.4; and the elastic element corresponding to C3 has a static stiffness of 12kN / mm, a dynamic stiffness of 16kN / mm, and a dynamic-to-static ratio of approximately 1.3. It can be seen that within the predetermined load range (20kN to 55kN), all three elastic elements with different stiffnesses exhibit very good linearity, thus achieving ideal and stable vibration reduction effects within this range.

[0109] Functions and effects of Example 1

[0110] According to the positioning unit provided in this embodiment, since it has a central positioning part and two side positioning parts located between the sleeper and the rail, and the central positioning part has a positioning hole that is completely through vertically in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, the elastic unit can not only utilize the height difference between the positioning unit and the rail, but also utilize the depth of the positioning hole to set it. Therefore, within the limited installation height between the sleeper and the rail, the overall thickness of the elastic unit can be significantly increased, and its stiffness is significantly reduced when other conditions such as materials remain unchanged, thereby giving the rail fastener better vibration reduction performance. Furthermore, when a train passes over the rail on this rail fastener, the elastic unit provides vertical load-bearing capacity, while the clamping unit and positioning unit provide lateral and longitudinal load-bearing capacity. Therefore, by setting positioning holes, not only are the elastic units well positioned and their height increased, but the effective separation of vertical and lateral load-bearing capacity of the rail fastener is also innovatively achieved, optimizing the force transmission path. Vertical force is basically not applied to the positioning unit, thus reducing or avoiding the problem of bending deformation or even breakage of the positioning unit due to long-term and frequent vertical force. Moreover, the vibration of the rail is not transmitted to the clamping unit, making the stress on the rail fastener system more reasonable and improving the service life of each component of the rail fastener system, resulting in a longer continuous service life and higher reliability of the rail fastener.

[0111] According to the elastic unit provided in this embodiment, since it has a lower frame, an upper frame, and an elastic body disposed inside the housing, and since the lower frame matches and is disposed within the positioning hole of the positioning unit, and the open end of the upper frame is slidably embedded in the lower frame, the entire elastic unit can be positioned by the positioning hole, elastically extending and contracting only in the vertical direction, while being well positioned and limited in the horizontal and longitudinal directions. This makes the rail mounted on the elastic unit more stable, especially effectively reducing rail torsion and thus mitigating rail wear. Furthermore, since the elastic unit can be set using the height difference between the positioning unit and the rail and the depth of the positioning hole, the thickness (height) of this elastic unit can be significantly increased compared to the elastic pad in traditional fasteners, and its stiffness is correspondingly greatly reduced, thus achieving a better vibration reduction effect.

[0112] The rail fastener provided in this embodiment, due to the use of the above-mentioned positioning unit and elastic unit, is a rail fastener with better vibration reduction effect, higher reliability and longer service life.

[0113] In this embodiment, the positioning unit is a one-piece molded part. Therefore, the main components of the rail fastener are only the positioning unit, the elastic unit, the elastic strip and its fixing parts, and the gauge block. The number of parts is small and the overall structure is simplified. Therefore, the assembly process is efficient and subsequent maintenance is very convenient. It is suitable for new line construction or existing line renovation scenarios. Compared with the use of existing rail fasteners, it can significantly reduce the installation complexity and improve the construction and maintenance efficiency in these scenarios.

[0114] In the embodiment, the cross-section of the positioning hole is a rounded rectangle and is very close to a square, with a side length of 150mm to 170mm. Therefore, it can be used to set an elastic unit with a rounded rectangle in the vertical cross-section. The bearing surface at the upper end of the elastic unit is close to a square and has a large area. Such an elastic unit can better support the rail, reduce the torsion of the rail when it is under stress, and make the rail have higher stability.

[0115] Furthermore, the connecting parts of the positioning units on both sides of the positioning hole are square columnar, and their width and thickness are at least 12mm. Therefore, even if a large rectangular positioning hole is opened in the middle of the positioning unit, the connecting parts on both sides of the positioning hole still have sufficient strength and will not affect the stability and reliability of the positioning unit and its elastic strip and gauge block.

[0116] Furthermore, the positioning hole has multiple limiting grooves with one end closed on both sides, and the lower part of the elastic unit has multiple limiting protrusions that match it. Therefore, through the cooperation of the limiting grooves and limiting protrusions, the vertical position and the horizontal and longitudinal position of the elastic unit can be positioned and constrained, thereby avoiding or mitigating defects such as rail corrugation and gauge changes caused by weak lateral constraints.

[0117] Furthermore, each side positioning part has two support columns and spring clip fixing holes. The top of the support column has an arc-shaped groove, so it can stably install and support the ω-type spring clip. Since the overall shape of the positioning unit is very similar to the existing iron pad for the ω-type spring clip, it can easily replace the existing iron pad in the track.

[0118] In this embodiment, the positioning unit is made of ductile iron, which has mechanical properties close to those of steel, good wear resistance, and certain elasticity, resistance to rapid temperature changes, and corrosion resistance. The insulating base plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which has very good insulation and wear resistance, and can reduce the risk of electrochemical corrosion. Therefore, the rail fastener has a longer service life while maintaining a lower cost, making it suitable for large-scale application in rails.

[0119] In this embodiment, the upper frame of the elastic unit is made of metal and the lower frame is made of a non-metallic material with relatively lower hardness. Therefore, the friction between the two is small, which can avoid affecting the expansion and contraction of the elastic body. Furthermore, the relatively soft lower frame makes the elastic unit and the positioning unit non-rigid contact, thereby better achieving the above-mentioned decoupling effect.

[0120] Furthermore, the lower frame of the elastic unit is made of a material with good insulation properties, low coefficient of friction, and good wear resistance. This reduces the transmission of stray current in the fastening system, avoids electrochemical corrosion of metal parts, and prevents the friction between the upper and lower frames from affecting the elastic body's elastic damping effect, ensuring the damping effect and extending the continuous service life of the rail fastener.

[0121] Furthermore, since the height of the lower frame is equal to or slightly greater than the depth of the positioning hole, the upper frame and the positioning unit do not contact each other at all. At the same time, the height of the elastic body and the corresponding deformation, the height of the upper frame and the height of the lower frame ensure that within the predetermined load range, the bottom of the rail is always supported on the elastic unit and will not contact the positioning unit. Therefore, the insulation effect of the rail can be achieved by using insulating material only for the lower frame, and an insulating base plate is not required. This allows the elastic unit to have a greater height, thereby further reducing its stiffness and improving the vibration reduction effect. It also further reduces the number of components of the rail fastener, which is beneficial for assembly and maintenance.

[0122] Furthermore, the elastomer is a square column-shaped rubber spring with reinforcing plates embedded at both ends. Therefore, there is a large contact area between the two ends of the elastomer and the upper and lower frames. When bearing load, the reinforcing plates can make the load act more evenly on the rubber part in the middle of the elastomer. This can reduce the deformation of the elastomer during preloading, thus giving the elastomer a lower dynamic stiffness and a better vibration reduction effect when the train passes.

[0123] Furthermore, the height and stiffness settings of the elastic unit ensure that even if the elastic unit is compressed to its limit within the predetermined load range, there is still a certain height difference between the upper end of the elastic unit and the upper end of the connection part of the positioning unit. This prevents the rail and gauge block from contacting the positioning unit under stress, ensuring that the elastic unit can perform its elastic vibration reduction effect without obstruction, and further preventing bending of the middle part of the positioning unit under stress, thus improving the reliability of the rail fastener.

[0124] Furthermore, since a variety of elastic units with stepped dynamic stiffness are designed, the appropriate elastic unit with suitable stiffness can be easily selected according to the actual needs of the track, so that the elastic fastener can be applied to a variety of different track scenarios simply by replacing the elastic unit.

[0125] Furthermore, the embodiment adopts a standardized design, and the overall shape and size of the rail fastener are exactly the same as those in the prior art. Therefore, it can easily replace existing fasteners, and no height or slope adjustment is required during use. The method of adjusting the track gauge level is also exactly the same as that of existing fasteners. In addition, the positioning unit, fasteners, elastic clips, gauge blocks, etc. in the rail fastener are all standard parts, making operation, maintenance and replacement very convenient.

[0126] Comparative Example

[0127] This comparative example provides an existing rail fastener for comparison with the rail fastener of Embodiment 1.

[0128] The existing rail fastener structure is shown in Figure 22. After assembly, the distance between the bottom surface of the rail and the upper surface of the sleeper is 44mm. The thickness of the insulating buffer pad 1 is about 10mm, and the thickness of the rail pad 3 (that is, the thickness after preloading) is about 10mm to 15mm. As mentioned above, since the insulating buffer pad 1 is fixed by the iron pad and the rail spike, only the rail pad 3 plays an elastic vibration reduction role. Under the condition of a load of 20kN to 55kN and a load application frequency of 5Hz, the dynamic stiffness of the preloaded rail pad 3 is usually 50kN / mm to 60kN / mm or even higher, so the vibration reduction effect is very limited.

[0129] In comparison, in the rail fastener 100 of Embodiment 1, the height of the elastic unit 20 can reach a maximum of 44mm due to the depth of the positioning hole 113, and the height of the elastic body 23 can reach 35mm to 38mm. When the same rubber material is used as the rail pad 3, the height of the elastic body 23 is significantly increased. Under the same load of 20kN to 55kN and frequency of 5Hz, the dynamic stiffness is 8kN / mm to 20kN / mm, which is significantly reduced compared to the existing rail fasteners. Therefore, the vibration reduction effect will be significantly improved.

[0130] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 22, the rail pad 3 is placed on the upper surface of the iron pad 2, and there is basically no structure to limit its lateral and longitudinal movement. Therefore, when a train passes, the lateral force acting on the rail can easily cause the rail to twist laterally. Some rail pads 3 are made with L-shaped ends that fasten to the edges of the iron pad 2, but because the rail pad 3 is relatively thin, such L-shaped ends are relatively soft and have a weak lateral and longitudinal limiting effect, which still causes the aforementioned torsion problem.

[0131] In contrast, in the rail fastener 100 of Embodiment 1, the lower part of the elastic unit 20 is fitted into the positioning hole 113 with sufficient depth. The inner wall 1131 of the positioning hole 113 can play a good role in lateral and longitudinal limiting. Furthermore, the lateral and longitudinal limiting is further strengthened by the cooperation between the limiting protrusion and the limiting groove 1121. Therefore, the above-mentioned torsion problem of the rail can be significantly reduced, resulting in higher rail stability.

[0132] Example 2

[0133] This embodiment provides a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0134] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use in this embodiment, and Figure 11 is a top view of the rail fastener in use in this embodiment. The elastic unit below the rail is shown in dashed lines in Figure 11.

[0135] As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the clamping unit in this embodiment includes an E-type elastic bar and a gauge block, and the positioning unit is used to install and position the E-type elastic bar. The structure is different accordingly. Accordingly, the rail fastener in this embodiment is a fastener using an E-type elastic bar.

[0136] Figure 12 is a perspective view of the positioning unit in this embodiment, Figure 13 is a top view of the positioning unit in this embodiment, and Figure 14 is a side view of the positioning unit in this embodiment.

[0137] As shown in Figures 12 to 14, the structure of the side positioning part 12 in the positioning unit 10 of this embodiment is different. Each side positioning part 12 includes a plate-shaped part 128, a spring bar fixing block 124, and a spring bar support block 125. The plate-shaped part 128 also has a rail spike mounting hole 1282 on one side.

[0138] The spring clip fixing block 124 is disposed on the upper surface of the plate-shaped portion 128 and located next to the positioning hole 113. The spring clip fixing block 124 is generally incompletely cylindrical, with its axial direction aligned with the width direction of the central positioning portion 11. A spring clip fixing hole 1241 is formed along its axial direction for fixing one end of the e-type spring clip. The side of the spring clip fixing block 124 facing the positioning hole 113 has a gauge block support surface 1242, which is planar and perpendicular to the length direction of the central positioning portion 11. The gauge block support surfaces 1242 of a pair of spring clip fixing blocks 124 face each other.

[0139] The elastic bar support block 125 is an elongated block shape, located on one side of the elastic bar fixing block 124 and relatively further away from the positioning hole 113, with a height lower than that of the elastic bar fixing block 124. The upper end of the elastic bar support block 125 has an elastic bar support surface 1251, which is approximately an elongated plane. The elastic bar support surface 1251 is inclined relative to the surface of the central positioning part 11 and is inclined downward toward the rail spike mounting hole 1282 on one side.

[0140] The spring bar 40 is an E-type spring bar. One end of the spring bar 40 is embedded in the spring bar fixing hole 1241, and a straight section in the middle of the spring bar 40 is supported on the spring bar support surface 1251.

[0141] The inner side of the gauge block 60 is attached to one side of the bottom of the rail 300, the outer side is in contact with the gauge block support surface 1242 on one side of the elastic clip fixing block 124, and the upper side is in contact with one end of the elastic clip 40. Under the force of the elastic clip 40, the two sides of the bottom of the rail 300 are pressed by the two gauge blocks 60 respectively, and are subjected to downward and lateral relative pressing forces.

[0142] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0143] Example 3

[0144] This embodiment provides a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0145] Figure 15 is a top view of the positioning unit in this embodiment, and Figure 16 is a side view of the positioning unit in this embodiment.

[0146] As shown in Figures 15 and 16, the positioning unit 10 of this embodiment is also used for ω-type elastic bars. Compared with the first embodiment, the difference is that in the positioning unit 10 of this embodiment, a pair of rail spike mounting holes 1282 are located at both ends of the positioning unit 10 and in the middle of the width direction of the positioning unit 10. The support column 121, the elastic bar fixing hole 122 and the gauge block support plate 123 on the same side are located between the rail spike mounting hole 1282 and the positioning hole 113.

[0147] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0148] In addition, the positioning unit 10 for the e-type elastic bar in Embodiment 2 can also adopt such a design, that is, a pair of rail spike mounting holes 1282 are located at both ends of the positioning unit 10, and the elastic bar fixing block 124 and the elastic bar support block 125 on the same side are located between the rail spike mounting hole 1282 and the positioning hole 113.

[0149] Example 4

[0150] This embodiment provides a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0151] Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use in this embodiment.

[0152] As shown in Figure 17, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the rail fastener 100 in this embodiment also includes one or more height adjustment pads, including a first height adjustment pad 81 and a second height adjustment pad 82.

[0153] The first height adjustment pad 81 is a rail-mounted height adjustment pad, which is a rectangular flat plate with a thickness of 1mm to 5mm, and is set between the bottom surface of the rail 300 and the upper surface of the elastic unit 20.

[0154] The second height adjustment pad 82 is the lower height adjustment pad of the positioning unit. It is a rounded rectangular flat plate, the length and width of which are basically the same as the length and width of the insulating base plate 30, and its thickness is 5mm to 15mm. A pair of rail spike mounting holes are also opened at corresponding positions on the second height adjustment pad 82. The second height adjustment pad 82 is set between the positioning unit 10 and the insulating base plate 30. The insulating base plate 30, one or more stacked second height adjustment pads 82, and the positioning unit 10 are fixed to the sleeper by rail spikes.

[0155] In this embodiment, both the first height adjustment pad 81 and the second height adjustment pad 82 are made of high-density polyethylene or rubber.

[0156] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0157] Since the rail fastener in this embodiment also includes height adjustment pads, one or more height adjustment pads can be added below the rail and / or below the positioning unit as needed. For example, when the base settles, the height adjustment pads can be added accordingly based on the detection results, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the rail surface. The structure of other components of the rail fastener does not need to be changed, making it easy to implement.

[0158] Example 5

[0159] This embodiment provides a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0160] Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0161] As shown in Figure 18, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the internal structure of the elastic unit 20. The overall shape of the elastic unit 20 in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 1, and the elastic body 23 is also a rubber spring. However, the elastic body 23 is a rounded square prism shape and has multiple channels 233. The channels 233 extend from the upper surface of the rubber spring to its lower surface and can be straight or curved. In this embodiment, they are straight circular channels, and all channels 233 have the same size. The number of channels 233 is 3 to 6, preferably 4 or 6, arranged in two rows, located on both sides below the bottom of the rail. The elastic unit 20 in this embodiment may or may not have the aforementioned reinforcing plate 232.

[0162] In an alternative embodiment, the shape of the elastomer 23 can also be the same as in Embodiment 1, that is, its side surface is also concave arc shape.

[0163] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0164] Since the elastic body in this embodiment further has multiple through-holes, the stiffness of the elastic unit can be further reduced, thus improving the vibration reduction effect. Furthermore, the through-holes are preferably four or six in number, arranged in two rows on both sides below the bottom of the rail, so that the elastic unit can bear the load more evenly, further preventing rail torsion and other issues.

[0165] In addition, the rail fastener 100 in this embodiment can also adopt the positioning unit 10 of embodiment two or three, or be equipped with the first height adjustment pad 81 or the second height adjustment pad 82 of embodiment four.

[0166] Example 6

[0167] This embodiment provides a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0168] Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0169] As shown in Figure 19, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the internal structure of the elastic unit 20. The overall shape of the elastic unit 20 in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the elastic body 23 is also a rubber spring. However, the elastic body 23 is a rounded square prism and is made by a foaming process, forming dense micropores inside. Therefore, it can achieve lower stiffness and does not require the opening of through holes.

[0170] In addition, the rail fastener 100 in this embodiment can also adopt the positioning unit 10 of embodiment two or three, or be equipped with the first height adjustment pad 81 or the second height adjustment pad 82 of embodiment four.

[0171] Example 7

[0172] This embodiment provides a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0173] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0174] As shown in Figure 20, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the internal structure of the elastic unit 20. The overall shape of the elastic unit 20 in this embodiment is the same as in Embodiment 1, but the elastic body 23 consists of multiple parallel helical steel springs. The axial direction of each steel spring is aligned with the height direction of the elastic unit 20. The number of steel springs is 4 to 9. The total stiffness of the multiple parallel helical steel springs is the sum of their stiffnesses, while the stiffness of a single steel spring is relatively small, thus making it relatively easy to achieve a lower stiffness. To better fix the ends of the steel springs, optionally, corresponding spring end limiting structures, such as circular grooves, can be formed on the inner top surface of the upper frame 22 and the inner bottom surface of the lower frame 21.

[0175] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0176] In addition, the rail fastener 100 in this embodiment can also adopt the positioning unit 10 of embodiment two or three, or be equipped with the first height adjustment pad 81 or the second height adjustment pad 82 of embodiment four.

[0177] Example 8

[0178] This embodiment provides a positioning unit, an elastic unit, and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0179] Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0180] As shown in Figure 21, the difference from Embodiment 1 lies in the internal structure of the elastic unit in this embodiment. The overall shape of the elastic unit 20 in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, but the elastic body 23 is a plurality of butterfly springs stacked along the height direction, that is, a plurality of butterfly springs connected in series. When n butterfly springs with the same stiffness are connected in series, the total stiffness is 1 / n of that of a single butterfly spring, so it is relatively easy to achieve a lower stiffness.

[0181] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0182] In addition, the rail fastener 100 in this embodiment can also adopt the positioning unit 10 of embodiment two or three, or be equipped with the first height adjustment pad 81 or the second height adjustment pad 82 of embodiment four.

[0183] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of specific implementations of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the scope of the description of the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only for illustrating the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0184] For example, in the above embodiments, the mainline track was used as an example for specific description. In fact, the positioning unit and rail fastener of the present invention can also be used in the same way for curved track sections. The positioning unit is installed on the inclined sleeper surface, and the through direction of the positioning hole is also perpendicular to the sleeper surface.

Claims

1. A positioning unit, disposed in a rail fastener compatible with a sleeper and a rail, for positioning an elastic unit disposed between the rail and the sleeper, and for positioning a clamping unit that clamps the rail, and together with the elastic unit and the clamping unit, constituting the rail fastener, characterized in that, include: The central positioning part, located between the sleeper and the rail, is used to position the elastic unit; as well as Two side positioning parts, located on either side of the central positioning part, are used to position the clamping unit. The central positioning part has: The positioning hole is a rectangular through hole that matches the shape of the elastic unit. It is located directly below the rail and runs vertically through the rail in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, so that the elastic unit can directly contact the rail.

2. The positioning unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The positioning hole of the central positioning part is provided with a housing consisting of an upper housing and a lower housing that can be slidably fitted together, and an elastic unit formed by a rubber spring housed inside the housing. The through-hole allows the upper surface of the upper housing to directly contact the bottom surface of the rail, and the lower surface of the lower housing to contact the insulating base plate disposed on the sleeper.

3. The positioning unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The depth of the positioning hole is 12mm to 30mm. The width direction of the positioning hole is consistent with the width direction of the rail, and the width of the positioning hole is 150mm to 170mm.

4. The positioning unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The length direction of the positioning hole is consistent with the extension direction of the rail, and the difference between the length and the width of the positioning hole is less than 10% of its width, so that the vertical cross-section of the positioning hole is close to a square.

5. The positioning unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The central positioning part also has: Multiple limiting parts, which match the limiting protrusions on both sides of the elastic unit, are used to guide and position the elastic unit.

6. The positioning unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: in, The limiting portion is a columnar groove, one side of which communicates with the positioning hole, and its axial direction is consistent with the through direction of the positioning hole. The columnar groove is open at the lower end and closed at the upper end. The axial length of the columnar groove is greater than the length of the limiting protrusion.

7. The positioning unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: in, The central positioning part also includes two columnar connecting parts, located on opposite sides of the positioning hole and connected between the two side positioning parts. Multiple limiting portions are symmetrically arranged on the two connecting portions.

8. A rail fastener, installed in the track in conjunction with sleepers and rails, for bearing and clamping the rails, characterized in that, include: A positioning unit is installed on the sleeper; An elastic unit is disposed between the sleeper and the rail to support the rail; as well as A clamping unit, mounted on the positioning unit, is used to clamp the rail. The positioning unit is the positioning unit according to any one of claims 1-7. The elastic element is disposed in the positioning hole of the positioning unit.

9. The rail fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that: in, The height of the elastic unit corresponds to the height difference between the sleeper and the rail.

10. The rail fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that: in, The elastic unit includes: The shell consists of an upper shell and a lower shell that can slide and fit together; and The rubber spring, in the shape of a square column, is housed within the housing.

11. The rail fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: An insulating base plate is disposed between the sleeper and the positioning unit. The lower end of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper surface of the insulating base plate.

12. The rail fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: One or more height adjustment pads are disposed between the sleeper and the positioning unit for adjusting the height of the rail surface. The lower end of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper surface of the height adjustment pad.

13. The rail fastener according to claim 8, Its features are: The clamping unit includes a gauge block, an ω-shaped elastic bar, and an elastic bar fixing component. Each of the said side positioning portions includes: Two support positioning posts are used to support and position the two bends of the ω-shaped elastic bar, and the upper end of each support positioning post has an arc-shaped bottom groove that matches the bend. A spring clip fixing hole is provided between the two support columns and the positioning hole for installing the spring clip fixing member; and A gauge block support plate is disposed between the two support columns and the positioning hole, and one side of the plate facing the positioning hole is used to support the gauge block.

14. The rail fastener according to claim 8, Its features are: The clamping unit includes a gauge block and an E-type spring bar. Each of the said side positioning portions includes: A spring clip fixing block, disposed beside the positioning hole, has a fixing hole on one side that matches the end of the e-type spring clip, and its side facing the positioning hole is used to support the gauge block; and A spring bar support and positioning block is disposed on one side of the spring bar fixing block. Its upper end has a support and positioning surface that matches the e-type spring bar, which is used to support and position the e-type spring bar. The support surface is inclined relative to the surface direction of the middle positioning part.

15. An elastic unit, disposed in a rail fastener that is matched with a sleeper and a rail, and together with a positioning unit disposed between the sleeper and the rail, and a fastening unit disposed on the positioning unit for fastening the rail, constitutes the rail fastener, wherein the positioning unit has a positioning hole in its center located below the rail and extending vertically through a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper for positioning the elastic unit, and the positioning unit has side positioning portions on both sides for positioning the fastening unit, characterized in that... include: The lower frame body is matched with the positioning hole and is disposed in the positioning hole; The upper frame slidably fits into the lower frame and forms a cavity with the lower frame; its upper surface is a bearing surface for bearing and directly contacting the rail; and An elastomer is housed within the cavity.

16. The elastic element according to claim 15, characterized in that: in, The lower frame and the upper frame are rectangular covers with openings facing each other. The lower frame is formed of an insulating non-metallic material. The upper frame is made of metal, and the open end of the upper frame is slidably fitted into the open end of the lower frame. The bearing surface of the upper frame is in direct contact with the bottom surface of the rail.

17. The elastic element according to claim 16, characterized in that: in, The non-metallic material is any one of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroethylene propylene, or polytetrafluoroethylene filled with reinforcing material.

18. The elastic element according to claim 17, characterized in that: in, The upper edge of the lower frame is flush with or higher than the upper edge of the positioning hole. There is a gap between the lower frame and the side wall of the positioning hole.

19. The elastic element according to claim 15, characterized in that: in, The width of the bearing surface is consistent with the width direction of the rail, and the width of the bearing surface is smaller than the width of the bottom surface of the rail.

20. The elastic element according to claim 15, characterized in that: in, The sides of the lower frame and the upper frame are nested in a square shape, and both the sides of the lower frame and the upper frame are perpendicular to the upper surface of the sleeper, serving as a guide during the sliding of the upper frame.

21. The elastic element according to claim 15, characterized in that: in, The elastomer includes a rubber spring body in the shape of a rounded square prism.

22. The elastic element according to claim 21, characterized in that: in, The rubber spring body has multiple channels extending from its upper surface to its lower surface.

23. The elastic element according to claim 22, characterized in that: in, The number of holes is even, and they are arranged in two rows along the extension direction of the rail. The two rows of holes are located on both sides below the rail.

24. The elastic element according to claim 22, characterized in that: in, The channel can be straight or curved.

25. The elastic element according to claim 21, characterized in that: in, The elastomer also includes two parallel reinforcing plates, which are respectively embedded in both ends of the rubber spring body.

26. The elastic element according to claim 21, characterized in that: in, The cross-sectional area of ​​the rubber spring body gradually decreases from both ends to its middle part.

27. The elastic element according to claim 15, characterized in that: in, The elastomer is any one of one or more rubber springs, multiple parallel steel springs, multiple series butterfly springs, or one or more foamed rubber springs.

28. The elastic element according to claim 15, characterized in that: in, The height of the elastic unit corresponds to the height difference between the upper surface of the sleeper and the bottom surface of the rail.

29. The elastic element according to claim 15, characterized in that: in, Within a load range of 20kN to 55kN, the dynamic stiffness of the elastic body is 6kN / mm, 8kN / mm, 10kN / mm, 15kN / mm, 20kN / mm, or 30kN / mm.

30. A rail fastener, installed in the track in conjunction with a sleeper and a rail, for bearing and clamping the rail, characterized in that, include: A positioning unit is installed on the sleeper; An elastic unit is disposed between the sleeper and the rail to support the rail; as well as A clamping unit, mounted on the positioning unit, is used to clamp the rail. The positioning unit has a positioning hole in its center, which extends vertically through the sleeper in a direction perpendicular to its upper surface, for positioning the elastic unit. The elastic unit is the elastic unit according to any one of claims 15-29, and is disposed in the positioning hole, wherein the bearing surface of the elastic unit is in direct contact with the rail.

31. A rail fastener, installed in the track in conjunction with a sleeper and a rail, for bearing and clamping the rail, characterized in that, include: A positioning unit is installed on the sleeper; An elastic unit is disposed between the sleeper and the rail to support the rail; as well as A clamping unit, mounted on the positioning unit, is used to clamp the rail. The positioning unit has a positioning hole in the middle. The shape of the elastic element matches the positioning hole and is accommodated within the positioning hole. The positioning hole is located directly below the rail and extends vertically through the sleeper, so that the elastic unit housed in the positioning hole is in contact with the rail.

32. A track, characterized in that, At least including: sleeper; Rail fasteners are installed on the sleepers; as well as The rail is supported on the rail fastener and is held in place by the rail fastener. The rail fastener is any one of claims 8-14 and 30-31.

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