Pyrotechnic fuse, battery pack, and electric device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/091326
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-04-17
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-22
Smart Images
Figure CN2026091326_22102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Excitation fuses, battery packs and electrical equipment
[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202520742750.X, filed on April 17, 2025, entitled “Excitation Fuse, Battery Pack and Electrical Equipment”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field
[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of circuit protection technology, and more specifically, to an excitation fuse, a battery pack, and electrical equipment. Background Technology
[0003] An excitation fuse is a protective device used in power systems. Its main function is to protect circuits from overcurrent or short circuits.
[0004] In related technologies, an activated fuse includes a conductor, a fusible element, a housing, an ignition device, and a breaking device. The conductor passes through the housing. The fusible element is connected in parallel with the conductor. The housing is filled with an insulating medium. During the operation of the activated fuse, after receiving an external signal, the ignition device drives the breaking device to sequentially create breaks in the conductor and the fusible element. The insulating medium is used to extinguish the arc of the broken fusible element.
[0005] However, existing excitation fuses suffer from low arc extinguishing efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide an excitation fuse, a battery pack, and electrical equipment that improves the arc extinguishing efficiency of the excitation fuse, enhances the safety and reliability of the excitation fuse, and improves the safety of the electrical equipment.
[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide an activated fuse, comprising:
[0008] The shell has a receiving cavity;
[0009] An excitation cutting assembly is located in a receiving cavity and has a cutting end;
[0010] Conductor, part of which is located within the receiving cavity;
[0011] The melt is located in the containment cavity, and the melt and the conductor are connected in parallel.
[0012] The melt has a melt-splitting section, which is opposite to the cut-off end.
[0013] The cutting end is used to sequentially cut off the conductor and the melt break section.
[0014] The shell also forms a first arc-extinguishing cavity, which is filled with a first insulating medium, and the broken part of the melt is located inside the first arc-extinguishing cavity.
[0015] As one possible implementation, the first insulating medium filling the first arc-extinguishing cavity includes silicone oil.
[0016] In one possible implementation, the excitation cutting assembly includes a first cutter movably disposed in a receiving cavity, the first cutter having a first cutting end.
[0017] The first cutting tool is used to move toward the conductor and to cut the conductor.
[0018] In one feasible implementation, the excitation cutting assembly includes a second cutter located on the side of the first cutter near the melt, with the second cutter opposite to the melt cutting portion; the second cutter has a second cutting end, with the first cutting end and the second cutting end forming a cutting end.
[0019] The second cutter is opposite to the first cutter, and under the push of the first cutter, it cuts off the melt segment.
[0020] In one possible implementation, the first arc-extinguishing cavity surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the second cutter and covers the melt break portion.
[0021] As one possible implementation, the second cutter includes a first cutter portion and a second cutter portion.
[0022] Along the direction of movement of the first cutter, the first cutter part is located on the side of the melt closer to the first cutter, and the second cutter part is located on the side of the melt away from the first cutter, and the first cutter part and the second cutter part are arranged opposite to each other.
[0023] The melt located between the first cutting section and the second cutting section forms a melt separation section.
[0024] As one feasible implementation, the melt segment has a bent section.
[0025] In one feasible implementation, one of the first cutting portion and the second cutting portion has a protrusion, and the other of the first cutting portion and the second cutting portion has a recess, with the protrusion embedded in the recess;
[0026] The bent sections are located at the junction of the protrusions and depressions.
[0027] As one feasible implementation, the bent section is provided with a through hole.
[0028] As one feasible implementation method, there are multiple bending segments, which are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the melt.
[0029] As one feasible implementation, the shell also forms a second arc-extinguishing cavity, in which a portion of the molten material is located.
[0030] As one feasible implementation, the second arc-extinguishing chamber is disposed on one side of the first arc-extinguishing chamber along the extension direction of the melt.
[0031] As one feasible implementation, the number of second arc-extinguishing cavities is at least two; along the extension direction of the melt, the second arc-extinguishing cavities are disposed on opposite sides of the first arc-extinguishing cavity.
[0032] As one feasible implementation, the first arc-extinguishing cavity and the second arc-extinguishing cavity are arranged alternately along the extension direction of the melt.
[0033] As one feasible implementation, the number of first arc-extinguishing cavities is at least two, and at least two first arc-extinguishing cavities are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the melt.
[0034] As one feasible implementation, the second insulating medium filling the second arc-extinguishing cavity includes quartz sand.
[0035] As one possible implementation, the melt is disposed on the side of the conductor away from the excitation cutoff assembly.
[0036] As one feasible implementation, the conductor is provided with a conductor breaking section, which is opposite to the melt breaking section along the movement direction of the first cutter.
[0037] In one feasible implementation, the melt includes a melt connection portion that extends toward the conductor and is connected to the conductor via a conductor fixing member.
[0038] As one possible implementation, the excitation cutting assembly includes an excitation element located on the side of the first cutter away from the melt.
[0039] In one feasible implementation, the excitation element includes a trigger electrode and an ignition tube, with the ignition tube located on the side of the first cutter away from the melt; the trigger electrode is located on the side of the ignition tube away from the first cutter.
[0040] The trigger electrode is electrically connected to the ignition tube, and the trigger electrode is used to transmit signals to the ignition tube.
[0041] As one feasible implementation, the shell wall of the housing is provided with reinforcing ribs. The reinforcing ribs are located on the shell wall near the excitation element.
[0042] As one feasible implementation, at least some of the reinforcing ribs extend in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the first cutter.
[0043] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a battery pack including the aforementioned excitation fuse.
[0044] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electrical device including the aforementioned excitation fuse or battery pack.
[0045] This disclosure provides an activated fuse, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The activated fuse includes a housing, an activated cutting assembly, a conductor, and a fusible element. The housing has a receiving cavity; the activated cutting assembly is located in the receiving cavity and has a cutting end; a portion of the conductor is located in the receiving cavity; the fusible element is located in the receiving cavity, and the fusible element and the conductor are connected in parallel. The fusible element has a fusible element breaking portion, which is opposite to the cutting end. The cutting end is used to sequentially cut the conductor and the fusible element breaking portion. The housing also forms a first arc-extinguishing cavity, which is filled with a first insulating medium, and the fusible element breaking portion is located within the first arc-extinguishing cavity.
[0046] The excitation fuse provided in this disclosure places the fusible link breaking portion within a first arc-extinguishing chamber, precisely limiting the arc generation location to a controlled arc-extinguishing area. This positioning allows the design of the first arc-extinguishing chamber to be specifically optimized for the arc generation point, increasing the energy barrier for arc ignition. Simultaneously, after the arc is generated, the first arc-extinguishing element helps prevent reignition and cross-circuiting of the arc after the fusible link breaks. This not only reduces arc generation but also quickly extinguishes the arc, thereby improving arc-extinguishing efficiency. Through effective arc extinguishing, the impact of high-voltage short circuits is contained and minimized, avoiding fires and safety hazards caused by ineffective circuit disconnection due to untimely arc extinguishing, thus improving the overall safety and reliability of the excitation fuse. Attached Figure Description
[0047] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation fuse provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0048] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation fuse provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0049] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation fuse provided in the embodiment of this disclosure;
[0050] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the excitation fuse and the battery pack provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0051] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the battery pack and the electrical equipment provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.
[0052] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 10-Actuating fuse; 20-Battery pack; 30-Electrical equipment; 100: Housing; 101-Receiving cavity; 110: Reinforcing rib; 200: Actuating cut-off assembly; 201-Cut-off end; 2011-First cut-off end; 2012-Second cut-off end; 210: First cutter; 220: Second cutter; 221: First cutter section; 222: Second cutter section; 230: Trigger electrode; 240: Ignition tube; 300: Fuel; 310: Fuel break-off section; 311-Bending section; 320: Fuel fixing member; 330: Fuel connection section; 400: First arc extinguishing cavity; 500: Second arc extinguishing cavity; 600: Conductor; 601-Conductor break-off section; 610: Conductor fixing member. Detailed Implementation
[0053] In related technologies, an excitation fuse is a device used for circuit protection, designed to prevent damage to electrical equipment and circuits caused by current overload and short circuit.
[0054] During the operation of the activated fuse, under normal current conditions, current flows through the conductor of the activated fuse. Since the resistance of the fusible element is much greater than that of the conductor, the current in the fusible element is very small at this time.
[0055] When the excitation device receives an external excitation signal, it drives the breaking device to break the conductor and the molten metal. After the breaking device breaks the conductor, the current flows through the molten metal. When the molten metal breaks, the current in the molten metal is suddenly interrupted, and a high voltage difference will appear between the two ends of the broken molten metal. This will cause the air or other medium to be ionized, thereby generating an electric arc. Once the electric arc is formed, it will generate high temperature, further ionizing the surrounding air or medium, so that the electric arc can sustain itself.
[0056] Excited fuses are typically designed with arc-extinguishing mechanisms, such as arc chambers or the use of specific materials (like silica sand) to absorb and cool the electric arc, quickly extinguishing it and preventing further damage. Once the fuse breaks and the arc is extinguished, the circuit is effectively interrupted, stopping the flow of current. This interruption protects the circuit and connected equipment from overcurrent damage.
[0057] However, different parts of the molten metal exhibit variations and delays, meaning that relying solely on quartz sand to absorb arc energy is insufficient to completely extinguish the arc and achieve rapid breakage of the molten metal. Therefore, existing excitation fuses suffer from low arc-extinguishing efficiency.
[0058] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an energized fuse, a battery pack, and an electrical device. The energized fuse includes a housing, an energized cutting assembly, a conductor, and a fusible element. The housing forms a receiving cavity; the energized cutting assembly is located in the receiving cavity and has a cutting end; a portion of the conductor is located in the receiving cavity; the fusible element is located in the receiving cavity, and the fusible element and the conductor are connected in parallel. The fusible element has a fusible element breaking portion, which is opposite to the cutting end. The cutting end is used to sequentially cut the conductor and the fusible element breaking portion. The housing also forms a first arc-extinguishing cavity, which is filled with a first insulating medium, and the fusible element breaking portion is located within the first arc-extinguishing cavity.
[0059] The excitation fuse provided in this disclosure places the fusible link breaking portion within a first arc-extinguishing chamber, precisely limiting the arc generation location to a controlled arc-extinguishing area. This positioning allows the design of the first arc-extinguishing chamber to be specifically optimized for the arc generation point, increasing the energy barrier for arc ignition. Simultaneously, after the arc is generated, the first arc-extinguishing element helps prevent reignition and cross-circuiting of the arc after the fusible link breaks. This not only reduces arc generation but also quickly extinguishes the arc, thereby improving arc-extinguishing efficiency. Through effective arc extinguishing, the impact of high-voltage short circuits is contained and minimized, avoiding fires and safety hazards caused by ineffective circuit disconnection due to untimely arc extinguishing, thus improving the overall safety and reliability of the excitation fuse.
[0060] The technical solutions of this disclosure and how they solve the aforementioned technical problems will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0061] In a first aspect, referring to Figures 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an excitation fuse 10, which includes a housing 100, an excitation cutting assembly 200, a conductor 600, and a fusible element 300.
[0062] The housing 100 has a receiving cavity 101. The housing 100 provides a protective enclosure, and the receiving cavity 101 is formed inside the housing 100 to accommodate other components. This design ensures the structural integrity of the actuated fuse 10 and provides a controlled environment to manage the electric arc.
[0063] The excitation cutting assembly 200 is located in the receiving cavity 101 and has a cutting end 201.
[0064] Part of the conductor 600 is located in the receiving cavity 101.
[0065] The melt 300 is located in the receiving cavity 101, and the melt 300 and the conductor 600 are connected in parallel. The conductor 600 is disposed between the excitation cutting assembly 200 and the melt 300. The melt 300 and the conductor 600 are connected in parallel. The excitation cutting assembly 200 is used to cut the conductor 600 and the melt 300 in sequence.
[0066] Conductor 600 can be a connecting copper busbar.
[0067] The melt 300 has a melt-breaking section 310, which is opposite to the cut-off end 201. The melt-breaking section 310 is used to cut the melt by the cut-off end 201 to initiate an arc. The melt-breaking section 310 is a specific area in the melt 300 designed for fracture, opposite to the cut-off end 201. This design ensures that the melt 300 fractures at a predetermined location, thereby controlling the generation of the electric arc.
[0068] The cutting end 201 is used to sequentially cut the conductor 600 and the melt breaking part 310.
[0069] The housing 100 also forms a first arc-extinguishing cavity 400, which is filled with a first insulating medium, and the melt-breaking portion 310 is located within the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400. The first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 is designed to effectively manage and extinguish the arc when the melt 300 breaks. By placing the melt-breaking portion 310 within the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400, the structure of the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 and the properties of the first insulating medium material can be utilized to rapidly cool and extinguish the arc.
[0070] The excitation fuse 10 provided in this embodiment places the fusible link 310 within the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400, precisely limiting the arc generation location to a controlled arc-extinguishing area. This positioning allows the design of the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 to be specifically optimized for the arc generation point, increasing the energy barrier for arc ignition. Simultaneously, after the arc is generated, the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 helps prevent reignition and cross-circuiting of the arc after the fusible link 300 breaks. This not only reduces arc generation but also quickly extinguishes the arc, thereby improving arc-extinguishing efficiency. Through effective arc extinguishing, the impact of high-voltage short circuits is contained and minimized, avoiding fires and safety hazards caused by ineffective circuit disconnection due to untimely arc extinguishing, thus improving the overall safety and reliability of the excitation fuse 10.
[0071] The first insulating medium can completely envelop the arc initiation point, quickly extinguish the arc, and prevent arc reignition and cross-arc transmission.
[0072] As one possible implementation, the housing 100 also forms a second arc-extinguishing cavity 500, and a portion of the melt 300 is located in the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500.
[0073] For example, in the excitation fuse 10, the excitation cutting assembly 200 sequentially breaks the conductor 600 and the fusible element 300. By providing a second arc-extinguishing cavity 500, the excitation fuse 10 provides dual arc-extinguishing protection. This design can provide additional arc-extinguishing capability if the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 fails to completely extinguish the arc, ensuring that the arc is completely extinguished. Through the multi-layered arc-extinguishing design, the safety of the excitation fuse 10 is significantly improved. This design reduces the potential damage of the arc to the internal components and external circuits of the excitation fuse 10. The multiple arc-extinguishing cavity design reduces the risk of arc reignition.
[0074] In one feasible implementation, the portion of the melt 300 located outside the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 and the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 is connected to the housing 100 via the melt fixing member 320.
[0075] By connecting the fusible element 300 to the housing 100 via the fusible element retainer 320, the stability of the fusible element 300 during operation can be ensured. This fixing method prevents the movement or vibration of the fusible element 300, thereby improving the mechanical stability of the actuated fuse 10.
[0076] In some embodiments, the melt fixing member 320 is a bolt, and the melt 300 is fixed to the housing 100 by the bolt.
[0077] As one feasible implementation, along the extension direction of the melt 300, the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 is disposed on one side of the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400.
[0078] For example, a first arc-extinguishing chamber 400 and a second arc-extinguishing chamber 500 are provided in the extending direction of the melt 300. The addition of the second arc-extinguishing chamber 500 provides additional arc-extinguishing capability, especially when dealing with high-energy arcs. It can enhance the overall arc-extinguishing effect by increasing further cooling and absorbing arc energy.
[0079] As one feasible implementation, the number of second arc-extinguishing cavities 500 is at least two; along the extension direction of the melt 300, the second arc-extinguishing cavities 500 are disposed on opposite sides of the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400.
[0080] For example, by providing second arc-extinguishing cavities 500 on both sides of the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400, the excitation fuse 10 can provide omnidirectional arc-extinguishing coverage when the molten element 300 breaks. This arrangement ensures that the arc can be effectively managed and extinguished regardless of which direction it spreads.
[0081] As one feasible implementation, the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 and the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the melt 300.
[0082] The spaced-apart first arc-extinguishing chamber 400 and second arc-extinguishing chamber 500 allow the arc to be extinguished gradually at different stages. The first arc-extinguishing chamber 400 can handle the initial arc, while the second arc-extinguishing chamber 500 can further cool and disperse the residual arc energy. This segmented process helps to improve arc-extinguishing efficiency.
[0083] As one feasible implementation, the number of first arc-extinguishing cavities 400 is at least two, and at least two first arc-extinguishing cavities 400 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the melt 300.
[0084] In some embodiments, there are two first arc-extinguishing chambers 400, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the melt 300. In this way, the first arc-extinguishing chambers 400 can effectively capture and extinguish the electric arc. Each first arc-extinguishing chamber 400 can provide resistance and cooling during arc propagation, thereby improving the overall arc-extinguishing efficiency.
[0085] It is understood that the number of first arc-extinguishing cavities 400 can also be 3, 4 or 5, and the present disclosure does not limit the number of first arc-extinguishing cavities 400.
[0086] As one feasible implementation, the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 is filled with a second insulating medium.
[0087] For example, the filling of the second insulating medium can effectively absorb and disperse the energy of the electric arc. By filling the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 with the second insulating medium, the excitation fuse 10 can extinguish the electric arc more efficiently, reducing the duration and intensity of the arc.
[0088] As one feasible implementation, the first insulating medium filling the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 and the second insulating medium filling the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 are different. By using different insulating media, the design can be optimized for different arc characteristics. For example, the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 may use a medium to rapidly cool and disperse the initial arc energy, while the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 may use a different medium to handle residual arc or provide additional insulation.
[0089] Different insulating media can play their optimal role at different stages. Through this multi-layered arc extinguishing strategy, the duration and intensity of the arc can be reduced more effectively, thereby improving the overall arc extinguishing efficiency.
[0090] As one possible implementation, the first insulating medium filled in the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 includes silicone oil.
[0091] For example, silicone oil possesses insulating properties and thermal stability, enabling it to effectively cool electric arcs and prevent their propagation. The fluidity of silicone oil allows it to rapidly cover the arc area, quickly reducing the arc temperature and thus achieving rapid arc extinguishing.
[0092] In some embodiments, the first insulating medium filling the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 may also be mineral oil. Mineral oil has insulating properties and can effectively suppress arc and corona discharge.
[0093] In other embodiments, the first insulating medium filled in the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 may also be a synthetic ester. Synthetic esters possess electrical insulating properties, effectively preventing current from passing through the liquid medium. The high insulating strength and dielectric properties of synthetic esters effectively suppress the formation and propagation of electric arcs. Their high flash point and ignition point also reduce the risk of fire caused by electric arcs. Synthetic esters exhibit oxidation stability, maintaining their performance under high temperature and long-term operating conditions. This reduces the frequency of oil changes and lowers maintenance costs.
[0094] As one feasible implementation, the second insulating medium filled in the second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 comprises quartz sand.
[0095] Quartz sand is heat-resistant, and its particle structure provides a physical barrier that can effectively disperse and absorb electric arc energy, reducing the intensity of the electric arc.
[0096] In some embodiments, the first arc-extinguishing chamber 400 is filled with silicone oil, and the second arc-extinguishing chamber 500 is filled with silica sand. By using silicone oil and silica sand in different arc-extinguishing chambers, the excitation fuse 10 can handle electric arcs on multiple levels. Silicone oil provides rapid response and cooling, while silica sand provides durable physical barrier and thermal resistance. This combination can effectively manage the generation, propagation, and extinguishing of electric arcs, improving the overall arc-extinguishing efficiency of the excitation fuse 10.
[0097] As one possible implementation, the excitation cutting assembly 200 includes a first cutter 210, which is movably disposed in the receiving cavity 101 and has a first cutting end 2011.
[0098] The first cutting blade 210 is used to move toward the conductor 600 and to cut the conductor 600.
[0099] The first cutting tool 210 is used to move toward the melt 300 and to cut off the melt section 310. The direction of movement of the first cutting tool is shown by the solid black arrow in Figure 1.
[0100] For example, the first cutter 210 has a specially designed first cutting end 2011 that can be precisely moved to the melt breaking section 310. This precise mechanical action ensures that the melt 300 breaks at the melt breaking section 310, thereby effectively controlling the location and timing of arc generation.
[0101] For example, the first cutter 210 can be a piston cutter.
[0102] As one possible implementation, the excitation cutting assembly 200 includes a second cutter 220 located on the side of the first cutter 210 near the melt 300, and the second cutter 220 is opposite to the melt cutting portion 310; the second cutter 220 has a second cutting end 2012, and the first cutting end 2011 and the second cutting end 2012 form a cutting end 201.
[0103] The second cutter 220 is opposite to the first cutter 210, and under the push of the first cutter 210, it cuts off the melt separation section 310.
[0104] For example, the first cutter 210 and the second cutter 220 are disposed opposite to each other and work together to cut off the melt break portion 310. Driven by the first cutter 210, the second cutter 220 can provide additional cutting force and stability, thereby achieving a cleaner and faster cut off of the melt break portion 310.
[0105] For example, the second cutter 220 can be a piston cutter.
[0106] In one possible implementation, the first arc-extinguishing cavity 400 surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the second cutter 220 and covers the melt-cutting portion 310.
[0107] By surrounding the outer periphery of the second cutter 220 and covering the melt-breaking section 310, the first arc-extinguishing chamber 400 can directly act on the area where the electric arc is generated. This precise positioning ensures that the arc-extinguishing chamber can effectively capture and extinguish the electric arc. The design of covering the melt-breaking section 310 allows the arc-extinguishing chamber to function immediately at the moment the electric arc is generated, rapidly reducing the energy and temperature of the arc, thereby improving the arc-extinguishing efficiency.
[0108] As one possible implementation, the second cutter 220 includes a first cutter portion 221 and a second cutter portion 222.
[0109] Along the direction of movement of the first cutter 210, the first cutter part 221 is located on the side of the melt 300 close to the first cutter 210, and the second cutter part 222 is located on the side of the melt 300 away from the first cutter 210, and the first cutter part 221 and the second cutter part 222 are arranged opposite to each other.
[0110] The melt 300 located between the first cutter section 221 and the second cutter section 222 forms a melt separation section 310.
[0111] For example, the first cutting section 221 and the second cutting section 222 are located on both sides of the molten material 300, and the molten material breaking section 310 is located between the first cutting section 221 and the second cutting section 222. Thus, both the first cutting section 221 and the second cutting section 222 can be used to cut the molten material breaking section 310. This dual cutting mechanism ensures the accuracy and effectiveness of the cutting process. Simultaneously, this design ensures that the molten material 300 breaks at a predetermined position, namely the molten material breaking section 310. Through rapid and symmetrical cutting, the generation and duration of the electric arc can be effectively controlled. This design helps reduce the impact of the electric arc on the fuse and surrounding circuits.
[0112] The design of the first cutting blade 221 and the second cutting blade 222 allows cutting forces to be applied from both sides simultaneously. This symmetrical force distribution improves the cutting efficiency of the melt 300, reduces the cutting time, and lowers the mechanical stress during the cutting process.
[0113] As one possible implementation, the excitation cutting assembly 200 includes an excitation element located on the side of the first cutter 210 opposite to the melt 300.
[0114] For example, the exciter's function is to rapidly push or trigger the cutting action. When an overcurrent or short circuit is detected, the exciter can immediately act on the cutter to ensure rapid current interruption and protect the circuit. Because the exciter is located at a specific position on the first cutter 210, it can precisely control the movement of the cutter. This precision helps ensure that the melt 300 breaks at a predetermined position, improving the reliability of the cutting.
[0115] In one feasible implementation, the excitation element includes a trigger electrode 230 and an ignition tube 240, with the ignition tube 240 located on the side of the first cutter 210 away from the melt 300; and the trigger electrode 230 located on the side of the ignition tube 240 away from the first cutter 210.
[0116] The trigger electrode 230 is electrically connected to the ignition tube 240, and the trigger electrode 230 is used to transmit signals to the ignition tube 240.
[0117] For example, trigger electrode 230 is used to transmit a signal to ignition tube 240. When an overcurrent or other triggering condition is detected, trigger electrode 230 sends a signal to activate ignition tube 240. This precise triggering mechanism ensures that the fuse can respond quickly to circuit abnormalities.
[0118] After receiving the signal from the trigger electrode 230, the gunpowder inside the ignition tube 240 explodes in the narrow space below, compressing the gas and releasing it outside the ignition tube 240; the first cutter 210 acts downward under the downward gas pressure, quickly cutting the conductor 600. At this time, the molten metal 300 serves as the main circuit current flow.
[0119] In one feasible implementation, the melt 300 is disposed on the side of the conductor 600 opposite to the excitation cutting assembly 200. A portion of the conductor 600 is disposed between the first cutter 210 and the melt 300. The conductor 600 and the melt 300 are connected in parallel.
[0120] The two ends of the conductor 600 in the extending direction are located outside the receiving cavity 101.
[0121] For example, a portion of conductor 600 is located between the first cutter 210 and the fuse 300, such that under fault conditions, the first cutter 210 can quickly act on conductor 600 to achieve rapid current interruption. This design helps improve the response speed of the fuse and protects the circuit from damage caused by overcurrent or short circuit.
[0122] The two ends of the conductor 600 extending in the direction of its extension are located outside the receiving cavity 101 and are used to connect electronic components.
[0123] As one feasible implementation, the conductor 600 is provided with a conductor breaking portion 601, which is opposite to the melt breaking portion 310 along the movement direction of the first cutter 210.
[0124] For example, the opposing conductor breaking section 601 and fusible element breaking section 310 ensure that the conductor 600 and the fusible element 300 can work together under fault conditions to achieve more efficient current interruption. This design improves the response speed and interruption efficiency of the activated fuse 10.
[0125] For example, a notch is provided on the conductor 600 to form a conductor break 601.
[0126] In some embodiments, the first cutter 210 has two first cutting ends 2011 and two conductor breaking portions 601. The two conductor breaking portions 601 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the conductor 600. The two conductor breaking portions 601 and the two cutting ends are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence to effectively apply force and widen the fracture gap.
[0127] As one feasible implementation, the cross-sectional area of the conductor break portion 601 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the rest of the conductor 600.
[0128] For example, the smaller cross-sectional area of the conductor breaking section 601 means that the conductor breaking section 601 needs to overcome less mechanical resistance when the first cutter 210 applies force. This allows the first cutter 210 to cut the conductor 600 more easily and quickly, thus achieving rapid disconnection. Due to the smaller cross-sectional area of the conductor breaking section 601, the cutter needs to apply less force in this area to complete the cut. This design improves cutting efficiency, enabling the actuated fuse 10 to respond to fault conditions more quickly.
[0129] As one possible implementation, the excitation fuse 10 also includes a conductor fixing member 610, through which the conductor 600 is connected to the housing 100.
[0130] For example, the conductor retainer 610 provides additional support and fixation to ensure that the conductor 600 remains stable during operation. This stability prevents movement or vibration of the conductor 600, thereby improving the mechanical reliability of the actuated fuse 10.
[0131] In some embodiments, the conductor fixing member 610 is a bolt. The conductor 600 is fixed to the housing 100 by bolts.
[0132] In other embodiments, conductor 600 is welded to housing 100.
[0133] In one feasible implementation, the melt 300 includes a melt connection portion 330 that extends toward the conductor 600 and is connected to the conductor 600 via a conductor fixing member 610.
[0134] For example, the parallel connection allows the fuse 300 to quickly assume the current load when the conductor 600 breaks, thereby improving fault response speed. This rapid response capability is crucial for protecting circuits from damage caused by overcurrent or short circuits.
[0135] As one possible implementation, the melt breaking section 310 has a bent section 311.
[0136] In related technologies, the fuse elements 300 are arranged in a linear pattern, and their voltage-dividing breaking characteristics have an upper limit or cannot meet current requirements. When the excitation fuse 10 disconnects, the voltage in the circuit needs to be redistributed. The voltage-dividing characteristics describe how the excitation fuse 10 handles the voltage redistribution during the disconnection process to avoid voltage spikes or excessive voltage differences, thus preventing gap breakdown that could lead to high-energy arcs and prolonged arcing, posing safety risks. Ideally, the excitation fuse 10 should quickly and effectively interrupt the current, preventing arc formation or minimizing its duration. Arc formation and management are critical issues during voltage-dividing breaking. Good voltage-dividing breaking characteristics mean that the excitation fuse 10 can effectively control the arc, ensuring its rapid extinguishing, thereby reducing damage to the fuse and the circuit.
[0137] Therefore, in this embodiment, the melt segment 310 has a bent section 311. By setting the melt 300 as the bent section 311, with part of the bent section 311 extending along the X direction in FIG. 1 and part of the bent section 311 extending along the Y direction in FIG. 1, the melt forms a biaxial multi-row narrow neck structure. The fundamental reason for the enhanced pressure dividing capacity is the multi-row narrow neck. After the multi-row narrow neck is broken, there are many gap breakdown positions. The series pressure dividing and the series arcing after the narrow neck is broken result in a longer melt requirement and more porosity. The melt width is fixed, but in order to improve the pressure dividing, a biaxial arrangement is set, thereby lengthening the melt.
[0138] For example, the bending section 311 alters the geometry of the melt 300. Part of the bending section 311 extends along the X direction in Figure 1, and part extends along the Y direction in Figure 1. This biaxial structure extends the narrow-aperture arrangement space of the melt 300 and adds multiple rows of series-connected narrow necks. The series voltage division, i.e., the gap voltage division, is low and insufficient to cause gap breakdown or stabilize the arc column, i.e., the arc channel. This results in a surge in arc column resistance and a drop in arc energy, thereby extinguishing the arc and cutting off the current. Secondly, the biaxial structure disperses heat loss points, alleviates uneven heat distribution, and extends the service life under normal operating current.
[0139] As one feasible implementation, there are multiple bending segments 311, which are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the melt 300.
[0140] For example, the presence of multiple bends 311 significantly increases the arc path length. A longer path causes the arc to encounter more resistance during propagation, thus increasing its resistance. By increasing the arc path length and resistance, the arc's energy and temperature can be reduced more quickly. This design helps to extinguish the arc more rapidly, improving arc extinguishing efficiency.
[0141] In some embodiments, the melt 300 includes a connecting segment, and adjacent bending segments 311 are connected by the connecting segment.
[0142] In other embodiments, adjacent bends 311 are directly connected.
[0143] In one possible implementation, one of the first cutting portion 221 and the second cutting portion 222 has a protrusion, and the other of the first cutting portion 221 and the second cutting portion 222 has a recess, with the protrusion embedded in the recess.
[0144] The bent segments 311 are distributed at the junction of the protrusions and depressions.
[0145] For example, the interlocking structure of protrusions and recesses provides additional mechanical stability, ensuring that the first cutting portion 221 and the second cutting portion 222 remain correctly aligned during operation. This stability helps improve the accuracy and reliability of the cutting process. The interlocking structure effectively prevents misalignment or slippage of the two first cutting portions 221 and the second cutting portion 222 during operation. This is crucial for maintaining the accurate positioning of the melt 300 during the cutting process, ensuring that the melt 300 breaks at the predetermined position.
[0146] The bent segments 311 are distributed at the junction of the protrusions and depressions, increasing the arc path length. This design increases the arc resistance, thereby reducing the arc energy and temperature and improving arc extinguishing efficiency.
[0147] Because the interlocking of the protrusions and recesses provides additional mechanical locking, this structure better resists external vibrations and impacts, thereby improving the stability and durability of the melt 300. The protrusion and recess structure is used to fix the position of the parallel melts 300. This structure prevents the melts 300 from shifting or misaligning during operation, improving the consistency of the breaking effect.
[0148] In some embodiments, the first cutting portion 221 is provided with a protrusion, and the second cutting portion 222 is provided with a recess.
[0149] In some embodiments, the first cutting portion 221 has a recess, and the second cutting portion 222 has a protrusion.
[0150] As one possible implementation, the bent section 311 is provided with a through hole.
[0151] For example, the through hole can serve as a cutting guide point, making the process of the second cutter 220 cutting the melt 300 more precise and controllable.
[0152] For example, the through hole extends through the melt 300 along the thickness direction of the melt 300.
[0153] As one feasible implementation, the shell wall of the housing 100 is provided with reinforcing ribs 110.
[0154] For example, the reinforcing rib 110 is used to reduce the impact of the gas pressure generated when the ignition tube 240 is in operation on the structure of the excitation fuse 10.
[0155] In some embodiments, the reinforcing rib 110 is disposed on the outer wall of the housing 100.
[0156] In other embodiments, the reinforcing rib 110 is disposed on the inner wall of the housing 100.
[0157] As one feasible implementation, the reinforcing rib 110 is disposed on the shell wall near the exciter.
[0158] For example, the excitation element typically involves mechanical motion or a chemical reaction such as the explosion of the ignition tube 240, processes that generate vibration and impact. Placing the reinforcing rib 110 near the excitation element can effectively absorb and disperse these forces, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the housing 100.
[0159] By providing a more robust support structure, the stiffener 110 helps ensure precise alignment and operation of the actuator. This precision improves the efficiency of the actuator, ensuring it operates quickly and reliably during triggering and cutting off.
[0160] As one possible implementation, at least part of the reinforcing rib 110 extends in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the first cutter 210.
[0161] For example, when the extension direction of the reinforcing ribs 110 is parallel to the direction of movement of the first cutter 210, they can provide more direct mechanical support. This support helps to resist the forces generated by the first cutter 210 during movement, thereby reducing deformation and stress concentration of the housing 100.
[0162] The reinforcing ribs 110, arranged parallel to the direction of movement of the first cutter 210, help maintain the stability of the movement path of the first cutter 210. This stability improves the cutting accuracy and reliability, ensuring that the connecting conductor 600 can be accurately and quickly cut off. These reinforcing ribs 110 ensure that the excitation force is precisely applied downward to the first cutter 210, while protecting the overall structural integrity of the excitation fuse 10.
[0163] For example, under normal operating conditions, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the conductor fixing member 610 connects the conductor 600 and the fuse 300 in parallel. Since the internal resistance of the fuse 300 is much greater than that of the conductor 600, the current flowing through the fuse 300 is very small, effectively "short-circuiting" the fuse 300, making the conductor 600 the primary current-carrying conductor. Therefore, the bent section 311 of the fuse 300 is located at the connection between the first cutting section 221 and the second cutting section 222, at which point the first cutting section 221 and the second cutting section 222 fix the fuse 300. This prevents the fuse 300 from deviating, deforming, or misaligning, thereby affecting the breaking capacity of the excitation fuse 10.
[0164] The second cutter sidewall and the housing 100 form a first arc-extinguishing cavity 400, which is filled with silicone oil. The second arc-extinguishing cavity 500 is filled with quartz sand, ensuring a dense filling.
[0165] When the excitation fuse is faulty, as shown in Figure 3, the trigger electrode 230 transmits a signal to the ignition tube 240, which responds. The ignition tube causes the propellant to explode, thus releasing gas pressure outward. The ignition tube 240 is surrounded by reinforcing ribs to reduce the impact of the gas pressure on the housing 100 and to ensure that the excitation cutting assembly 200 accurately acts downward on the first cutter 210. The first cutter 210 moves downward under the downward gas pressure, quickly cutting the conductor 600. At this time, the molten metal 300 will act as the main circuit current, preventing the large contact area of the conductor 600 from storing a large number of free electrons in the gap, which could easily cause arc reignition.
[0166] Simultaneously, after the first cutter 210 cuts the conductor 600, it continues to move downwards and impacts the second cutter 220. As the second cutter 220 moves downwards, the fusible link 310 fixed therein is also cut off. A counter-contact blade is provided on the side of the second cutter 222 opposite to the first cutter 210. After the second cutter 220 descends a certain distance, the counter-contact blade acts as a buffer, preventing the second cutter 220 from excessively impacting and damaging the excitation fuse 10.
[0167] When the melt 300 flows through the main circuit and is cut by the second cutter, the melt fracture section 310 is immersed in silicone oil. Since the breakdown voltage of silicone oil is 100 kV / cm, several times that of air (30 kV / cm), the difficulty of arc initiation and arcing between the fractured melt fracture sections 310 is greatly increased. When breakdown occurs, silicone oil (10¹⁴-10¹⁵ Ω*m) and silica sand (10¹⁸ Ω*m) have similar electrical insulation properties, and the decomposition of silicone oil produces hydrogen gas with good thermal conductivity, rapidly cooling the arc. Furthermore, the high-viscosity silicone oil can completely encapsulate the melt fracture section 310, preventing the introduction of air and corrosion / oxidation. Quartz sand (1.3W / m / K) has better thermal conductivity than silicone oil (0.134-0.159W / m / K), and the melt break 310 is located in the middle of the extension direction of the melt 300. Therefore, both ends are filled with quartz sand to assist in arc extinguishing and improve heat dissipation.
[0168] As shown in Figure 4, in a second aspect, this disclosure provides a battery pack 20, including the aforementioned excitation fuse 10.
[0169] It is understood that since the battery pack 20 of this disclosure adopts the technical solution of the above-described embodiment of the excitation fuse 10, it has at least the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution of the above-described embodiment of the excitation fuse 10, which will not be described in detail here.
[0170] As shown in Figure 5, in a third aspect, this disclosure provides an electrical device 30, including the aforementioned excitation fuse 10 or battery pack 20.
[0171] For example, electrical equipment 30 may be a refrigerator, washing machine, television, computer, electric motor, switch, electric vehicle, etc. This disclosure does not limit the specific type of electrical equipment 30.
[0172] It is understood that since the electrical equipment 30 of this disclosure adopts the technical solution of the above-described embodiment of the excitation fuse 10 or battery pack 20, it has at least the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution of the above-described embodiment of the excitation fuse 10 or battery pack 20, which will not be described in detail here.
[0173] As one feasible implementation, the electrical equipment 30 also includes a first electronic component and a second electronic component, one end of the conductor 600 of the activating fuse 10 is connected to the first electronic component, and the other end of the conductor 600 is connected to the second electronic component.
[0174] The excitation fuse 10 is located between the first and second electronic components and can quickly disconnect the circuit upon detection of overcurrent or short circuit, protecting both electronic components from damage and preventing faults from propagating from the first electronic component to the second. This isolation helps limit the scope of the fault's impact.
[0175] At the same time, this design improves the overall reliability of the electrical equipment 30, ensuring that even if the first electronic component fails, the second electronic component can still work normally or shut down in a safe state.
[0176] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this disclosure without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this disclosure and their equivalents, this disclosure is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. An excitation fuse, characterized in that, include: The shell (100) has a receiving cavity (101); An excitation cutting assembly (200) is located in the receiving cavity (101) and has a cutting end (201); A conductor (600), a portion of which is located within the receiving cavity (101); A melt (300) is located in the receiving cavity (101), and the melt (300) and the conductor (600) are connected in parallel; The melt (300) has a melt break portion (310) opposite to the cut end (201); The cutting end (201) is used to sequentially cut the conductor (600) and the melt break portion (310); The housing (100) also forms a first arc-extinguishing cavity (400), which is filled with a first insulating medium, and the melt break portion (310) is located inside the first arc-extinguishing cavity (400).
2. The excitation fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first insulating medium filled in the first arc-extinguishing cavity (400) includes silicone oil.
3. The excitation fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that, The excitation cutting assembly (200) includes a first cutter (210) which is movably disposed in the receiving cavity (101) and has a first cutting end (2011). The first cutter (210) is used to move toward the conductor (600) and to cut the conductor (600).
4. The excitation fuse according to claim 3, characterized in that, The excitation cutting assembly (200) includes a second cutter (220) located on the side of the first cutter (210) near the melt (300), and the second cutter (220) is opposite to the melt cutting portion (310); the second cutter (220) has a second cutting end (2012), and the first cutting end (2011) and the second cutting end (2012) form the cutting end (201); The second cutter (220) is opposite to the first cutter (210), and under the push of the first cutter (210), it cuts off the melt segment (310).
5. The excitation fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first arc-extinguishing cavity (400) surrounds at least a portion of the outer periphery of the second cutter (220) and covers the melt-cutting portion (310).
6. The excitation fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second cutter (220) includes a first cutter portion (221) and a second cutter portion (222); Along the direction of movement of the first cutter (210), the first cutter part (221) is located on the side of the melt (300) close to the first cutter (210), and the second cutter part (222) is located on the side of the melt (300) away from the first cutter (210), and the first cutter part (221) and the second cutter part (222) are arranged opposite to each other; The melt (300) located between the first cutter section (221) and the second cutter section (222) forms the melt segment (310).
7. The excitation fuse according to claim 6, characterized in that, The melt segment (310) has a bent section (311).
8. The excitation fuse according to claim 7, characterized in that, One of the first cutting blade portion (221) and the second cutting blade portion (222) has a protrusion, and the other of the first cutting blade portion (221) and the second cutting blade portion (222) has a recess, wherein the protrusion is fitted into the recess; The bent segment (311) is distributed at the junction of the protrusion and the recess.
9. The excitation fuse according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bent section (311) is provided with a through hole.
10. The excitation fuse according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of the bending segments (311) is multiple, and the multiple bending segments (311) are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the melt (300).
11. The excitation fuse according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The shell (100) also forms a second arc-extinguishing cavity (500), and a portion of the melt (300) is located in the second arc-extinguishing cavity (500).
12. The excitation fuse according to claim 11, characterized in that, Along the extending direction of the melt (300), the second arc-extinguishing cavity (500) is disposed on one side of the first arc-extinguishing cavity (400).
13. The excitation fuse according to claim 11, characterized in that, The number of the second arc-extinguishing cavities (500) is at least two; along the extension direction of the melt (300), the second arc-extinguishing cavities (500) are disposed on opposite sides of the first arc-extinguishing cavity (400).
14. The excitation fuse according to claim 11, characterized in that, Along the extending direction of the melt (300), the first arc-extinguishing cavity (400) and the second arc-extinguishing cavity (500) are arranged at intervals.
15. The excitation fuse according to claim 11, characterized in that, The number of the first arc-extinguishing cavities (400) is at least two, and at least two of the first arc-extinguishing cavities (400) are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the melt (300).
16. The excitation fuse according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second insulating medium filled in the second arc-extinguishing cavity (500) includes quartz sand.
17. The excitation fuse according to any one of claims 3-10, characterized in that, The melt (300) is disposed on the side of the conductor (600) away from the excitation cut-off assembly (200).
18. The excitation fuse according to any one of claims 3-10, characterized in that, The conductor (600) is provided with a conductor breaking section (601), which is opposite to the melt breaking section (310) along the movement direction of the first cutter (210).
19. The excitation fuse according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The melt (300) includes a melt connection portion (330) that extends toward the conductor (600) and is connected to the conductor (600) via a conductor fixing member (610).
20. The excitation fuse according to any one of claims 3-10, characterized in that, The excitation cutting assembly (200) includes an excitation element located on the side of the first cutter (210) away from the melt (300).
21. The excitation fuse according to claim 20, characterized in that, The excitation element includes a trigger electrode (230) and an ignition tube (240), the ignition tube (240) being located on the side of the first cutter (210) away from the melt (300); the trigger electrode (230) being located on the side of the ignition tube (240) away from the first cutter (210); The trigger electrode (230) is electrically connected to the ignition tube (240), and the trigger electrode (230) is used to transmit signals to the ignition tube (240).
22. The excitation fuse according to claim 20, characterized in that, The shell wall of the housing (100) is provided with reinforcing ribs (110), which are located on the shell wall near the excitation member.
23. The excitation fuse according to claim 22, characterized in that, At least part of the reinforcing rib (110) extends in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the first cutter (210).
24. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes the excitation fuse according to any one of claims 1-23.
25. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the excitation fuse according to any one of claims 1-23 or the battery pack according to claim 24.