Vaporizer, heating chamber, and methods for aerosolized drug formation

Abstract

Provided herein are vaporizers, heating chambers, and methods for forming an aerosolized drug. The heating chamber can include a column, an inlet, a plurality of heating fins, a heating element, and an exit. The column can have an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side. The inlet can be coupled to the inlet side and operable to receive pumped air from an external pump. The plurality of heating fins can be configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side. An inlet exit can be substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins. The heating element can be mounted in a middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins. The exit can be on the exit side and include a lip. The plurality of heating fins can form a tortuous airflow path.

Description

VAPORIZER, HEATING CHAMBER, AND METHODS FOR AEROSOLIZED DRUG FORMATIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Application No. 63 / 790,492, filed April 17, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to vaporizers, heating chambers, and methods for forming an aerosolized drug.BACKGROUND

[0003] Inhalation of an aerosolized drug is a technique to deliver drugs to a user. The aerosolized drug is inhaled into the lungs of a patient, which leads to absorption of the drug into the bloodstream and systemic distribution.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] Further features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure relates from reading the following specification with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0005] FIG. 1 A is an isometric view of a vaporizer.

[0006] FIG. 1 B illustrates a holding chamber attached to a vaporizer.

[0007] FIG. 1C is an exploded view of a drug assembly.

[0008] FIG. 1D is a cross sectional interior view of a holding chamber, drug assembly, and vaporizer connected in a vaporization configuration.

[0009] FIG. 2 is a side view of a heating chamber.

[0010] FIG. 3A is a cross sectional interior view of a heating chamber.

[0011] FIG. 3B is an isometric view of a heating column of a heating chamber.

[0012] FIG. 3C is a cross sectional view of a heating column of a heating chamber.

[0013] FIG. 3D is a side isometric view of a heating column of a heating chamber at a first side.

[0014] FIG. 3E is a side isometric view of a heating column of a heating chamber at a second side opposite the first side.

[0015] FIG. 3F is a bottom view of a heating column of a heating chamber.

[0016] FIG. 3G illustrates a side view of an airflow path of a heating column of a heating chamber.

[0017] FIG. 3H illustrates a side view opposite the side view of FIG. 3G of an airflow path of a heating column of a heating chamber.

[0018] FIG. 3I is a top view of a heating chamber.

[0019] FIG. 4A is an isometric view of interior components of a vaporizer.

[0020] FIG. 4B is a bottom isometric view of a vaporizer.

[0021] FIG. 4C is an isometric view of a vaporizer and a power source.

[0022] FIG. 4D is an exploded isometric view of components of a vaporizer.

[0023] FIG. 4E illustrates an isometric view of a heating chamber coupled to a vaporizer attachment port of a vaporizer.

[0024] FIG. 4F illustrates a bottom view of a heating chamber coupled to a vaporizer attachment port of a vaporizer.

[0025] FIG. 4G illustrates an exploded isometric view of an expansion chamber assembly of a vaporizer.

[0026] FIG. 4H is an isometric view of an expansion chamber assembly of a vaporizer.

[0027] FIG. 4I is an exploded isometric view of a pump assembly of a vaporizer.

[0028] FIG. 4J illustrates an exploded isometric view of a fan and rear assembly of a vaporizer.

[0029] FIG. 4K illustrates a rear, internal, elevational view of a rear assembly of a vaporizer.

[0030] FIG. 4L illustrates a front, external, elevational view of a rear assembly of a vaporizer.

[0031] FIG. 4M illustrates an exploded isometric view of a vaporizer.

[0032] FIG. 4N illustrates a wiring diagram of a vaporizer.

[0033] FIG. 5 is an isometric view of interior components of a vaporizer.

[0034] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the vaporizer system.

[0035] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the different figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the related relevant feature being described. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and the proportions of certain parts may be exaggerated to better illustrate details and features. The description is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0037] Several definitions that apply throughout this disclosure will now be presented.

[0038] The term “coupled” is defined as connected, whether directly or indirectly through intervening components, and is not necessarily limited to physical connections. The connection can be such that the objects are permanently connected or releasably connected. The term “substantially” is defined to be essentially conforming to the particular dimension, shape or other word that substantially modifies, such that the component need not be exact. For example, substantially cylindrical means that the object resembles a cylinder, but can have one or more deviations from a true cylinder. The term “comprising” means “including, but not necessarily limited to”; it specifically indicates open-ended inclusion or membership in a so-described combination, group, series and the like.

[0039] As used herein, when referring to any numerical value, the term “about” means a value falling within a range that is ± 10 percent of the stated value.

[0040] Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and / or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, a further aspect includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms a further aspect. It will be further understoodthat the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint and independently of the other endpoint. It is also understood that there are a number of values disclosed herein, and that each value is also herein disclosed as “about” that particular value in addition to the value itself. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about 10” is also disclosed. Where the term “about” is used in relation to a particular value, the term “about” is optional. It is also understood that each unit between two particular units are also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11 , 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.

[0041] The term “aerosol,” “aerosolized,” or any other variation of such terms, is defined as a substance (e.g., the drug) diffused or suspended in air, or turning a substance (e.g., the drug) into a form that can be diffused or suspended in air.

[0042] As used herein, unless stated otherwise, the term "mass median aerodynamic diameter" (MMAD), is the diameter at which 50% of the particles present in an aerosol are larger than this calculated diameter, and 50% are smaller.

[0043] As used herein, unless stated otherwise, the term “fine particle dose” (FPD) is the mass of particles having the specified particle size, e.g., <5 pm.

[0044] As used herein, unless stated otherwise, the term “geometric standard deviation” (GSD) is the deviation of particle sizes from the geometric mean particle size in an aerosolized drug.

[0045] As used herein, unless stated otherwise, the term “fine particle fraction” (FPF) is the fraction or percentage of drug mass contained in an aerosol that has the specified particle size, e.g., < 5 pm.

[0046] As used herein, unless stated otherwise, the term “patient” refers to a subject having at least one of the diseases or disorders as disclosed herein. The subject is typically a human or non-human animal e.g., mammal. Preferably, the subject is a human.

[0047] As used herein, unless stated otherwise, the terms “mental disorder” and “nervous system disorder” mean any disorder that affects mood, thinking and behavior, including but not limited to, major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder (such as bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder), anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.Diagnosis of a patient with a “mental disorder” or a “nervous system disorder” can be in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) published by the American Psychiatric Association as suffering from a mental disorder or nervous system disorder. The disorder may also be diagnosed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, 11thRevision ( ICD-11 ), published by the World Health Organisation. As will be understood, DSM and ICD may be revised from time to time. The diagnosis can be by a physician or a psychologist. It is generally not sufficient that the human subject themself considers that they are suffering from one of the disorders.

[0048] As used herein, unless stated otherwise, the terms “treating” and “treatment” include the management and care of a patient for the purpose of combating a disease or disorder and includes administration of drugs (e.g. by the methods and systems disclosed herein) according to the present application to alleviate the signs and / or symptoms or eliminate the disease or disorder.

[0049] As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term "purity" refers to 100% minus the percent of all 5-MeO-DMT degradation products and all other impurities present, i.e., (100% - (Sum of quantities of all 5-MeO-DMT degradation products present + Sum of quantities of all other impurities present) I (Quantity of 5-MeO-DMT present + Sum of quantities of all 5-MeO-DMT degradation products present + Sum of quantities of all other impurities present) x 100%.

[0050] As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “high purity” refers to the aerosolized drug having a purity of at least 99% (i.e., containing <1 wt% impurities).

[0051] As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “optimal” refers to particular parameters for forming an aerosolized drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine) and properties of the aerosolized drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine) best suited for deep lung deposition and systemic absorption by a patient upon inhalation.

[0052] The present application provides a method for administration of drugs (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) through inhalation into the lungs of an aerosolized drug ultimately leading to the absorption of the drug into the bloodstream and systemic distribution. In particular, the aerosolized drug is delivered deep into the lungs to access the region of the lungs where gas exchange occurs(primarily in the alveoli). The aerosolized drug can be generated by exposing drugcontaining materials to high temperatures. The drug can be heated to a vapor then subsequently cooled and condensed into an aerosolized drug. The aerosolized drug can be delivered with a volume of air.

[0053] Based on their pharmacological activities, there are medical uses of drugs. For example, uses in human clinical trials and uses as an approved medical product for treatment of patients who require administration of the drug in high purity.

[0054] The present application provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use as a medicament wherein the drug is administered to a patient in need thereof by the method disclosed herein.

[0055] The present application provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is administered by the method disclosed herein.

[0056] The present application provides the use of a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is administered by the method disclosed herein.

[0057] The present application provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use as a medicament wherein the drug is administered to a patient in need thereof by the system disclosed herein.

[0058] The present application provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is administered by the system disclosed herein.

[0059] The present application provides the use of a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is administered by the system disclosed herein.

[0060] The present application provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use as a medicament wherein the drug is comprised within the drug assembly as disclosed herein.

[0061] The present application provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the drug is comprised within the drug assembly as disclosed herein.

[0062] The present application provides the use of a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the drug is comprised within the drug assembly as disclosed herein.

[0063] Examples of diseases or disorders that can be treated by the present disclosure include major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, including bipolar disorder I and / or bipolar disorder II, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, psychoactive substance abuse, epilepsy, sickness associated with chemotherapy, acute pain, chronic pain, phantom pain, migraine, multiple sclerosis, multiple sclerosis spasms, schizophrenia, insomnia, rheumatoid arthritis, psychosis, HIV-induced anorexia, sleep apnea, alcohol use disorder, suicidal ideation, psychoactive substance use disorder, smoking cessation, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, pleuropneumonitis, parasitic conditions, pneumocystis pneumonia, HIV related dementia, cough, diarrhea, nausea, opioid abuse, seizures and shortness of breath. In at least one example, the diseases or disorders that can be treated by the present disclosure include major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, psychoactive substance abuse, epilepsy, acute pain, chronic pain, phantom pain, migraine, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, insomnia, rheumatoid arthritis, psychosis, sleep apnea, suicidal ideation, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, pleuropneumonitis, parasitic conditions, pneumocystis pneumonia, diarrhea and nausea.

[0064] The present application provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in treatment of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder comprising administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is administered by the method disclosed herein.

[0065] The present application also provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in treatment of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder wherein the drug is administered by the system disclosed herein.

[0066] The present application also provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in treatment of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder comprising administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is comprised within the drug assembly disclosed herein.

[0067] The mental disorders or nervous system disorders that can be treated by the present disclosure include major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, including bipolar disorder I and / or bipolar disorder II, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse. The mental disorder or nervous system disorder can be major depressive disorder.

[0068] The present application also provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in treating a treatment-resistant form of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder comprising administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is administered by the method disclosed herein. The treatment-resistant form of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder can be treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD).

[0069] The present application also provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in treating a treatment-resistant form of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder comprising administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is administered by the system disclosed herein. The treatment-resistant form of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder can be treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.

[0070] The present application also provides a drug (e.g., 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, etc.) for use in treating a treatment-resistant form of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder wherein the drug is comprised within the drug assembly disclosed herein. The treatment-resistant form of a mental disorder or a nervous system disorder can be treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.

[0071] Unless stated otherwise, the drug is administered as an aerosolized drug. Administration of an aerosolized drug to a patient by the methods and systems disclosed herein, or as part of the drug assemblies disclosed herein, leads to absorption of the drug into the bloodstream of the patient and can achieve systemic distribution.

[0072] The problem solved by the disclosed subject matter included finding a solution where the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), or the drug, is properly administered to a patient in need thereof. The disclosed devices, systems, and methods provide an optimal heating to a drug (e.g., dried drug, solid drug, or liquid drug) to form an aerosol. The aerosol can have certain properties optimized for inhalation by a patient due to the manner in which the drug is heated. For example, the aerosolized drug can have a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and / or a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0073] The drug can be pre-packaged for transportation and storage. By retaining the drug in a drug cartridge prior to packaging, transportation, and / or storage, the dosage of the drug and the correct administration of the drug via the drug cartridge is ensured. In an example, the drug cartridge can be retained in or integral to a drug cartridge housing. Together, the drug cartridge and drug cartridge housing can be referred to as a drug assembly. However, the drug assembly should be able to retain the drug without leakage to ensure that the correct dosage of the drug is provided. The drug assembly should also be able to deliver the desired thermal energy to the drug retained thereon so that the drug efficiently vaporizes. Further, the drug assembly should also have sufficient porosity to permit air to flow therethrough to promote and release the drug.

[0074] In at least one example, the drug cartridge can be retained in a drug cartridge housing during storage, transport and use. When in use, the drug cartridge housing retaining the drug cartridge can be utilized with a vaporizer without the need for removalof the drug cartridge. Retaining the drug cartridge in the housing can, for example, make the cartridge easier to handle and / or, for example, render it more tamper-resistant.

[0075] Disclosed herein is a system for forming an aerosolized drug. The system can be operable to form the aerosolized drug from a drug (e.g., dried drug, solid drug, or liquid drug) on a pad (e.g., in a drug cartridge). The system can include a vaporizer having a heating chamber. The vaporizer can be operable to provide heated air and / or direct heating to the drug to form the aerosolized drug.

[0076] Throughout the present disclosure, reference to the system forming an “aerosolized drug” will be understood as first vaporizing a drug followed by subsequent cooling and condensing of the drug to form the aerosolized drug.

[0077] The drug contained on the pad can be a dried drug, a solid drug, and / or a liquid drug. The drug on the pad can be configured to be vaporized and subsequently the drug cools and condenses into an aerosolized drug. The drug to be vaporized, which subsequently forms an aerosolized drug, can be a dried drug. The drug to be vaporized, which subsequently forms an aerosolized drug, can be a solid drug. The drug to be vaporized, which subsequently forms an aerosolized drug, can be a liquid drug.

[0078] Aerosolized drugs are effective when the aerosolized drug has properties optimal for deep lung deposition, and subsequent systemic absorption. The optimal properties of an aerosolized drug for deep lung deposition include an FPF of 90% or greater, an MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, and the absence of thermal degradation products. The vaporizer and heating chamber described herein are operable to vaporize a drug (e.g., dried drug, solid drug, or liquid drug) on a pad, which subsequently cools and condenses into an aerosolized drug having the optimal properties for deep lung deposition. It was surprisingly found that the vaporizer could vaporize the drug, which subsequently becomes the aerosolized drug, such that the aerosolized drug has the optimal properties while utilizing significantly less (e.g., less than 50%) of the power required by previous vaporizers used for vaporizing the drug. Further, it was found that optimal temperatures and flow rates of air for forming the aerosolized drug could be provided using significantly less (e.g. , less than 50%) of the power required by previous vaporizers used for vaporizing the drug.

[0079] The vaporizer described herein can have significant advantages over prior vaporizers. For example, the vaporizer described herein can provide the same or better aerosolization efficiency as prior vaporizers using less power than prior vaporizers. For example, as described further herein, the vaporizer can be operable to aerosolize a drug while consuming 90 watts of power or less. Prior vaporizers required at least 200 watts of power to provide the same aerosolization of a drug. Further, the vaporizer described herein has a reduced size compared to prior vaporizers, while still providing the same or better aerosolization efficiency of the drug. The vaporizer includes a heating chamber that is smaller than prior vaporizer heating chambers, while still providing the same heating, and thereby vaporization parameters, to vaporize the drug, which subsequently becomes the aerosolized drug. The heating chamber can be configured to provide optimized aerosolization parameters, utilizing the components and configurations described herein, while maintaining a smaller profile than prior vaporizer heating chambers. In this manner, the vaporizer described herein consumes less power and is smaller than prior vaporizers, while surprisingly providing the same or better vaporization and aerosolization efficiency.

[0080] FIG. 1A illustrates a vaporizer 100. The vaporizer 100 can be configured to provide heated air to a drug. For example, the vaporizer 100 can include a heating chamber for providing a flow of heated air to a drug on a pad. The vaporizer 100 can include an exit 102. The heated air can flow through the exit 102 and into a drug cartridge containing the drug, thereby heating the drug.

[0081] FIG. 1B illustrates a system 500 for forming an aerosolized drug. The system 500 can include the vaporizer 100, a drug cartridge, and an aerosol containment device 202. The aerosol containment device 202 can include a holding chamber 200 and a connect element 204. The drug cartridge can contain a drug on a pad. The drug cartridge is configured to allow air to flow therethrough. The vaporizer 100 can provide heated air to the drug cartridge. The heated air can be operable to heat the drug, thereby forming an aerosolized drug. The drug can be any drug suitable for aerosolization. The drug can include 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, tetrahydrocannabinol, or other drugs. For example, the vaporizer 100 can provide heated air to the drug, thereby vaporizing the drug. The vaporized drug can flow into the holding chamber 200, wherein the vaporized drug cools and condenses into the aerosolized drug.

[0082] FIG. 1C illustrates a drug assembly 300. The drug assembly 300 can include a housing 302 and drug cartridge 312. The drug cartridge 312 can include a chimney 314, a pad 316 (e.g., fiber pad), and a cartridge base 318. The chimney 314 can be coupled to a channel 310 of the housing 302, such that the chimney 314 is enclosed within the housing 302. The chimney 314 can be coupled to the channel 310 via one or more mating mechanisms (e.g., snap-fit, screws, friction fit, press fit, etc.) An o-ring 322 can be placed between the chimney 314 and the channel 310. The o-ring 322 can provide an additional seal (e.g., friction fit) between the chimney 314 and the channel 310 to form an airtight seal. The pad 316 can be operable to hold the drug. The cartridge base 318 can support (e.g., hold) the pad 316. The chimney 314 can be press fit into the cartridge base 318 to ensure that all air flow is passed through the fiber pad 316 and the aerosolized drug is generated directly into the holding chamber 200 without significant drug loss.

[0083] FIG. 1D illustrates a cross section of a connected vaporizer 100, drug assembly 300, and connect element 204 of the aerosol containment device 202. As illustrated, the cartridge base 318 can include a base taper 332. The base taper 332 can be operable to sit against a taper of a lip 116 of a heating chamber 104 of the vaporizer 100, as will be described further herein.

[0084] The exit 102 of the vaporizer 100 can be configured to removably couple to the drug assembly 300. The exit 102 of the vaporizer 100 can include a vaporizer outlet port 135. The vaporizer outlet port 135 can be configured to removably couple to the drug assembly 300 and / or the aerosol containment device 202. The exit 102 of the vaporizer 100 can removably couple to the drug assembly 300 utilizing one or more coupling mechanisms. For example, the exit 102 can include one or more coupling mechanisms configured to removably couple to one or more corresponding coupling mechanisms of the drug assembly 300. The exit 102 can include a threaded connection for removably coupling to a corresponding threaded connection of the drug assembly 300. The exit 102 can include snap-fit connectors for removably coupling to corresponding snap-fit connectors of the drug assembly 300. Other coupling mechanisms can be used to removably couple the drug assembly 300 to the exit 102 of the vaporizer 100. Removably coupling the drug assembly 300 to the exit 102 can form an airtight seal between the drug assembly 300 and the vaporizer 100. The exit 102 of the vaporizer 100 can include an o-ring 139. The o-ring 139 can be configured to provide an airtight seal between the vaporizer outlet port 135 and the drug assembly 300 and / or aerosol containment device 202.

[0085] An aerosol containment device 202 can include a holding chamber 200 and a connect element 204. The holding chamber 200 can be permanently coupled to the connect element 204. A holding chamber 200 can be operable to receive the aerosolized drug. The connect element 204 can be operable to removably couple to the drug assembly 300. The connect element 204 can include one or more attachment mechanisms operable to removably couple to one or more attachment mechanisms of the drug assembly 300. In this manner, the holding chamber 200 can be placed in fluid communication with the drug assembly 300. For example, the connect element 204 can include one or more snap-fit connectors operable to removably couple to one or more corresponding snap-fit connectors of the drug assembly 300. The connect element 204 can include a threaded connection operable to removably couple to a corresponding threaded connection of the drug assembly 300. Other attachment mechanisms can be used to removably couple the connect element 204, and thereby the aerosol containment device 202, to the drug assembly 300. Removably coupling the aerosol containment device 202 to the drug assembly 300 can form an airtight seal between the drug assembly 300 and the aerosol containment device 202, and thereby an airtight seal between the drug assembly 300 and the holding chamber 200. The aerosol containment device 202 can first be attached to the drug assembly 300 via the connect element 204, and then aerosol containment device 202 and drug assembly 300 can be attached to the vaporizer 100. The connect element 204 of the aerosol containment device 202 can include one or more coupling mechanisms that extend through the drug assembly 300 and directly couple to the vaporizer 100.

[0086] FIGS. 2 and 3A-3I illustrate a heating chamber 104 of the vaporizer 100. The heating chamber 104 can be operable to heat air for delivery to the drug cartridge 312 (e.g., to the drug on the pad 316). The heating chamber 104 can be operable to provide heated air at an optimal temperature to aerosolize the drug held on the pad 316 in the drug cartridge 312. The optimal temperature can be operable to produce an aerosolized drug with optimal properties for deep lung inhalation by a patient. For example, the optimaltemperature provided to the drug by the heating chamber 104 can be operable to produce an aerosolized drug having a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm or less than or equal to 1 pm, an FPF of 90%, drug cartridge residuals of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3. The optimal properties of the aerosolized drug can include an MMAD of about 0.1 pm to about 3 pm. The properties of the aerosolized drug can be configured to optimize deep lung inhalation by the patient, and thereby deep lung deposition of the aerosolized drug. The optimal temperature can be operable to provide improved vaporization efficiency of the drug. The optimal temperature can be operable to ensure a minimum quantity of the supplied drug is vaporized by the vaporizer 100 (e.g., the drug cartridge residuals can be less than 10%). For example, the optimal temperature can ensure that less than 10% of the drug remains on the pad 316 after the heated air is delivered to the drug cartridge 312. The pad 316 can be thermally conductive. The pad 316 can be thermally conductive to aid in heating the drug.

[0087] The heating chamber 104 can have reduced dimensions compared to prior heating chambers. For example, previous heating chambers had a height of about 105 mm or greater (e.g., 107 mm or 110 mm). The height of the heating chamber 104 is the height of the heating chamber 104 without a connected inlet tube. The heating chamber 104 can have a height of about 40 mm to about 70 mm. The heating chamber 104 can have a height of about 45 mm to about 65 mm. The heating chamber 104 can have a height of about 50 mm to about 60 mm. The heating chamber 104 can have a height of about 54 mm. The heating chamber 104 can be cylindrical in shape (e.g., have a circular crosssection). The heating chamber 104 can have a diameter of about 20 mm to about 40 mm. The heating chamber 104 can have a diameter of about 25 mm to about 35 mm. The heating chamber 104 can have a diameter of about 30 mm to about 35 mm. The heating chamber 104 can have a diameter of about 32 mm.

[0088] The heating chamber 104 can have a reduced weight compared to prior heating chambers. The heating chamber weight is the weight of the heating chamber 104 without a heating element and without a connected inlet tube. Prior heating chambers had a weight of about 135 grams or greater. For example, the heating chamber 104 can have a weight of about 30 grams to about 70 grams. The heating chamber 104 can have a weight of about 40 grams to about 60 grams. The heating chamber 104 can have a weightof about 45 grams to about 55 grams. The heating chamber 104 can have a weight of about 47 grams to about 52 grams. The heating chamber 104 can have a weight of about 50 grams.

[0089] As illustrated in FIG. 2 the heating chamber 104 can include an upper portion 106 and a lower portion 108. The upper portion 106 and the lower portion 108 can be connected. The upper portion 106 and the lower portion 108 can be connected such that an airtight seal is formed between the upper portion 106 and the lower portion 108. The upper portion 106 and the lower portion 108 can be connected via a press-fit connection. The press-fit connection between the upper portion 106 and the lower portion 108 can allow for easier manufacturing of the heating chamber 104. The press-fit connection can provide an airtight seal such that airflow is contained within the heating chamber 104. Further, the airtight seal can provide increased heat transfer properties within the heating chamber 104. The lower portion 108 can house the various components for heating a flow of air described herein.

[0090] The upper portion 106 can include a concave surface 179. The concave surface 179 can be operable to collect any drug that may drip from the drug cartridge 312 (e.g., pad 316) during heating. For example, a portion of the drug (e.g., dried drug or solid drug) can turn into a liquid and drip downward from the drug cartridge 312 into the heating chamber 104. The concave surface 179 can be operable to catch any of the drug that drips down from the drug cartridge 312, thereby preventing the drug from contacting any of the heating components described herein. In this manner, the heating chamber 104 maintains a decontaminated lower portion 108. The concave surface 179 can include slots 181 for allowing air to flow through the concave surface 179. After use of the heating chamber 104, the concave surface 179 can be easily cleaned by a user to ensure that no drug remains within the heating chamber 104 for subsequent use.

[0091] The heating chamber 104 can include a column 114 having an inlet side 124 and an exit side 126. The exit side 126 can be on an opposite side of the inlet side 124. The inlet side 124 can be operable to receive air (e.g., a flow of air) from an air pump. The air pump can be external to the heating chamber 104. The air pump can be a component of the vaporizer 100. The exit side 126 can include the exit 102. The exit 102 can be operable to deliver the flow of air to the drug cartridge 312. The inlet side 124 can bereferred to herein as an inlet end of the column 114. In some examples, the exit side 126 can be referred to herein as an exit end of the column 114. The inlet side 124 and the exit side 126 can be on opposite ends of the column 114 (e.g., opposite ends along a longitudinal axis 170 defined by the column 114).

[0092] The heating chamber 104 can include a plurality of heating fins 120 and a heating element 122. The heating element 122 can be mounted in the middle of the column 114. The column 114 can include an opening 129 operable to receive the heating element 122, as illustrated, for example, in FIGS. 3C and 3F. For example, the heating element 122 can be mounted in the opening 129 of the column 114. For example, the opening 129 can extend along the longitudinal axis 170 of the column 114. The longitudinal axis 170 can be defined as an axis extending between the inlet side 124 (e.g., inlet end) and the exit side 126 (e.g., exit end). The opening 129 can include a bore extending along the longitudinal axis 170 of the column 114. The opening 129 (e.g., bore) can extend along a center (e.g., middle) of the column 114. The heating element 122 can be mounted centrally within the column 114 along the longitudinal axis 170 of the column 114.

[0093] The heating element 122 can be thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins 120. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to a temperature. The heating chamber 104 can have a consistent wall thickness to allow even heating. The wall thickness of the heating chamber 104 can be about 1 mm to about 5 mm. The wall thickness of the heating chamber can be about 1 mm to about 3 mm. The wall thickness of the heating chamber 104 can be about 1.5 mm to about 2.5 mm. The wall thickness of the heating chamber 104 can be about 2 mm.

[0094] The plurality of heating fins 120 can be heated by the heating element 122 to a temperature of about 200 degrees Celsius to about 260 degrees Celsius. The plurality of heating fins 120 can be heated to a temperature of about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius. The plurality of heating fins 120 can be heated to a temperature of about 235 degrees Celsius. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius, while consuming 90 watts or less of power. For example, the heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to 235 degrees Celsius, while consuming 90 watts or less of power.

[0095] The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to the temperature while consuming 90 watts or less of power. The implementation of the heating element 122 consuming 90 watts or less of power and being operable to produce the aerosolized drug with the optimal properties described herein was a surprising result based on prior implementations consuming 200 watts or more to achieve the same result. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to the optimal temperature for aerosolizing the drug while consuming 80 watts or less of power. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to the optimal temperature for aerosolizing the drug while consuming 70 watts or less of power. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to the optimal temperature for aerosolizing the drug while consuming 60 watts or less of power. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to the optimal temperature for aerosolizing the drug while consuming 50 watts or less of power. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to the optimal temperature for aerosolizing the drug while consuming 40 watts or less of power. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to the optimal temperature for aerosolizing the drug while consuming 35 watts.

[0096] The heating element 122 can include a 70 watt heater. The heating element 122 can be operable to heat the entirety of the heating chamber 104. For example, the heating element 122 can heat a mass substantially the same as the mass of the heating chamber 104.

[0097] The plurality of heating fins 120 can be operable to allow the air to flow from the inlet side 124 to the exit side 126. The plurality of heating fins 120 can be operable to heat the air as the air passes by the plurality of heating fins 120. For example, as the air passes by each of the plurality of heating fins 120 the air can be heated. The plurality of heating fins 120 can form a flow path. The flow path formed by the plurality of heating fins 120 can allow air to flow coaxially around the heating element 122. The flow path formed by the plurality of heating fins 120 is operable to influence air mixing. For example, as the air flows through the flow path formed by the plurality of heating fins 120, the air can mix such that the entirety of the air reaches a consistent temperature. For example, the flow path formed by the plurality of heating fins 120 can be a tortuous flow path. The tortuousflow path can allow for the air to mix as it flows through the flow path, thereby allowing all of the air to reach a consistent temperature. After the air flows through the flow path formed by the plurality of heating fins 120, the air can flow out of the exit side 126 of the column 114. The flow path formed by the plurality of heating fins 120 can be substantially spiral in shape between the inlet side 124 and the exit side 126.

[0098] The flow path can be configured to maximize linear distance and surface area of the air exposed to the plurality of heating fins 120 and heating element 122. By maximizing linear distance and surface area of the air exposed to the plurality of heating fins 120 and heating element 122, heat transfer can be maximized. The cross-sectional area of the flow path can be optimized to minimize pressure drop through the flow path.

[0099] The tortuous flow path defined by the plurality of heating fins 120 allows for the air to remain in the heating chamber 104 for a longer period of time. By allowing the air to remain in the heating chamber 104 for a longer period of time, the air is able to achieve a selected temperature without requiring the heating element 122 to heat the plurality of heating fins 120 to a temperature significantly higher than the selected temperature of the air. In this manner, the tortuous flow path allows the heating element 122 to consume less power than previous systems which do not utilize a tortuous flow path. For example, the selected exit temperature of the air can be achieved while the heating element 122 consumes 90 watts of power or less.

[0100] The flow path formed by the plurality of heating fins 120 can be defined by a heating column inlet 125 and one or more heating column exits 123. One or more of the plurality of heating fins 120 can include one or more openings 121 (a), 121 (b) to allow the air to flow from the heating column inlet 125 to the one or more heating column exits 123. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 3D-3E, each fin of the plurality of heating fins 120 can have an opening 121(a), 121(b). The openings 121(a), 121(b) can be arranged such that the flow path maximizes air contact with the plurality of heating fins. For example, the openings 121(a), 121(b) on adjacent heating fins of the plurality of heating fins can be located on opposite sides of the heating element 122. For example, a first opening 121 (b) of the one or more openings 121(a), 121(b) can be located on a first heating fin 120 on an opposite side of the column 114 from the heating column inlet 125. A second opening 121(a) of the one or more openings 121(a), 121(b) can be located on a second heatingfin 120 on an opposite side of the column 114 from the first opening 121(b) on the first heating fin 120. The remaining openings 121(a), 121(b) can be similarly arranged, such that each subsequent opening is on an opposite side of the column 114 from the previous opening. In this manner, the flow path can maximize air contact with the plurality of heating fins 120. Further, the arrangement of the openings 121(a), 121(b) can provide a tortuous flow path, thereby allowing the air to mix such that the air reaches a consistent temperature. The air can then flow through the one or more heating column exits 123 to the exit side 126 of the column 114 and to the exit 102 of the heating chamber 104.

[0101] FIGS. 3G-3H illustrate an exemplary airflow path 201 of the heating chamber 104 through the column 114. The plurality of heating fins 120 can include a first heating fin 207(a), a second heating fin 207(b), a third heating fin 207(c), a fourth heating fin 207(d), a fifth heating fin 207(e), and a sixth heating fin 207(f). The one or more openings 121(a), 121 (b) can include a first opening 205(a), 205(b), 205(c), 205(d), 205(e). The first heating fin 207(a), second heating fin 207(b), third heating fin 207(c), fourth heating fin 207(d), fifth heating fin 207(e), sixth heating fin 207(f), first opening 205(a), second opening 205(b), third opening 205(c), fourth opening 205(d), and fifth opening 205(e) can define the airflow path 201. The airflow path 201 can be operable to allow air to flow coaxially around the heating element 122.

[0102] The airflow path 201 can begin at an inlet side 124 of the column 114. The airflow path 201 can enter the column 114 at the heating column inlet 125. The airflow path 201 can proceed through the heating column inlet 125 to a first level 203(a) of the column 114. The first level 203(a) can be defined by a base 209 of the column 114 and the first heating fin 207(a). The base 209 can also be heated by the heating element 122. The base 209 can be a heating fin. As illustrated, the airflow path 201 can have two directions as it enters the first level 203(a). For example, the airflow path 201 can allow air to flow radially through the first level 203(a) in both a rightward and a leftward direction (e.g., the airflow path 201 has two possible routes on the first level 203(a)). For example, the airflow path 201 can diverge into the two paths of the first level 203(a) after exiting the heating column inlet 125. This configuration of the first level 203(a) allows for additional contact of the air in the airflow path 201 with the first heating fin 207(a) and the base 209. Further, the divergence of the two flow paths forces the creation of two airflows that propagate inopposite directions via a tortuous flow path around the column 114 between the base 209 and the first heating fin 207(a). As the air in the airflow path 201 completes the radial path and approaches first opening 205(a), the two air flows combine (e.g., converge). When the two air flows combine, the air mixes. By allowing the air to mix, the air temperature consistency is ensured (e.g., air that was directly in contact with the first heating fin 207(a) and / or base 209 mixes with air that was not directly in contact with the first heating fin 207(a) and / or base 209). In this manner, the airflow path 201 is a tortuous airflow path.

[0103] The airflow path 201 can proceed through the first opening 205(a) to a second level 203(b) defined by the first heating fin 207(a) and the second heating fin 207(b). As illustrated, the airflow path 201 can have two directions as it enters the second level 203(b). For example, the airflow path 201 can allow air to flow radially through the second level 203(b) in both a rightward and a leftward direction (e.g., the airflow path 201 has two possible routes on the second level 203(b)). For example, the airflow path 201 can diverge into the two paths of the second level 203(b) after exiting the first opening 205(a). This configuration of the second level 203(b) allows for additional contact of the air in the airflow path 201 with the first heating fin 207(a) and the second heating fin 207(b). Further, the divergence of the two flow paths forces the creation of two airflows that propagate in opposite directions via a tortuous flow path around the column 114 between the first heating fin 207(a) and the second heating fin 207(b). As the air in the airflow path 201 completes the radial path and approaches second opening 205(b), the two air flows combine (e.g., converge). When the two airflows combine, the air mixes. By allowing the air to mix, the air temperature consistency is ensured (e.g., air that was directly in contact with the first heating fin 207(a) and / or second heating fin 207(b) mixes with air that was not directly in contact with the first heating fin 207(a) and / or second heating fin 207(b)). In this manner, the airflow path 201 is a tortuous airflow path.

[0104] The airflow path 201 can proceed through the second opening 205(b) to a third level 203(c) defined by the second heating fin 207(b) and the third heating fin 207(c). As illustrated, the airflow path 201 can have two directions as it enters the third level 203(c). For example, the airflow path 201 can allow air to flow radially through the third level 203(c) in both a rightward and a leftward direction (e.g., the airflow path 201 has two possible routes on the third level 203(c)). For example, the airflow path 201 can divergeinto the two paths of the third level 203(c) after exiting the second opening 205(b). This configuration of the third level 203(c) allows for additional contact of the air in the airflow path 201 with the second heating fin 207(b) and the third heating fin 207(c). Further, the divergence of the two flow paths forces the creation of two airflows that propagate in opposite directions via a tortuous flow path around the column 114 between the second heating fin 207(b) and the third heating fin 207(c). As the air in the airflow path 201 completes the radial path and approaches third opening 205(c), the two airflows combine (e.g., converge). When the two air flows combine, the air mixes. By allowing the air to mix, the air temperature consistency is ensured (e.g., air that was directly in contact with the second heating fin 207(b) and / or third heating fin 207(c) mixes with air that was not directly in contact with the second heating fin 207(b) and / or third heating fin 207(c)). In this manner, the airflow path 201 is a tortuous airflow path.

[0105] The airflow path 201 can proceed through the third opening 205(c) to a fourth level 203(d) defined by the third heating fin 207(c) and the fourth heating fin 207(d). As illustrated, the airflow path 201 can have two directions as it enters the fourth level 203(d). For example, the airflow path 201 can allow air to flow radially through the fourth level 203(d) in both a rightward and a leftward direction (e.g., the airflow path 201 has two possible routes on the fourth level 203(d)). For example, the airflow path 201 can diverge into the two paths of the fourth level 203(d) after exiting the third opening 205(c). This configuration of the fourth level 203(d) allows for additional contact of the air in the airflow path 201 with the third heating fin 207(c) and the fourth heating fin 207(d). Further, the divergence of the two flow paths forces the creation of two airflows that propagate in opposite directions via a tortuous flow path around the column 114 between the third heating fin 207(c) and the fourth heating fin 207(d). As the air in the airflow path 201 completes the radial path and approaches fourth opening 205(d), the two air flows combine (e.g., converge). When the two airflows combine, the air mixes. By allowing the air to mix, the air temperature consistency is ensured (e.g., air that was directly in contact with the third heating fin 207(c) and / or fourth heating fin 207(d) mixes with air that was not directly in contact with the third heating fin 207(c) and / or fourth heating fin 207(d)). In this manner, the airflow path 201 is a tortuous airflow path.

[0106] The airflow path 201 can proceed through the fourth opening 205(d) to a fifth level 203(e) defined by the fourth heating fin 207(d) and the fifth heating fin 207(e). As illustrated, the airflow path 201 can have two directions as it enters the fifth level 203(e). For example, the airflow path 201 can allow air to flow radially through the fifth level 203(e) in both a rightward and a leftward direction (e.g., the airflow path 201 has two possible routes on the fifth level 203(e)). For example, the airflow path 201 can diverge into the two paths of the fifth level 203(e) after exiting the fourth opening 205(d). This configuration of the fifth level 203(e) allows for additional contact of the air in the airflow path 201 with the fourth heating fin 207(d) and the fifth heating fin 207(e). Further, the divergence of the two flow paths forces the creation of two airflows that propagate in opposite directions via a tortuous flow path around the column 114 between the fourth heating fin 207(d) and the fifth heating fin 207(e). As the air in the airflow path 201 completes the radial path and approaches fifth opening 205(e), the two air flows combine (e.g., converge). When the two air flows combine, the air mixes. By allowing the air to mix, the air temperature consistency is ensured (e.g., air that was directly in contact with the fourth heating fin 207(d) and / or fifth heating fin 207(e) mixes with air that was not directly in contact with the fourth heating fin 207(d) and / or fifth heating fin 207(e)). In this manner, the airflow path 201 is a tortuous airflow path.

[0107] The airflow path 201 can proceed through the fifth opening 205(e) to a sixth level 203(f) defined by the fifth heating fin 207(e) and the sixth heating fin 207(f). As illustrated, the airflow path 201 can have two directions as it enters the sixth level 203(f). For example, the airflow path 201 can allow air to flow radially through the sixth level 203(f) in both a rightward and a leftward direction (e.g., the airflow path 201 has two possible routes on the sixth level 203(f)). For example, the airflow path 201 can diverge into the two paths of the sixth level 203(f) after exiting the fifth opening 205(e). This configuration of the sixth level 203(f) allows for additional contact of the air in the airflow path 201 with the fifth heating fin 207(e) and the sixth heating fin 207(f). Further, the divergence of the two flow paths forces the creation of two airflows that propagate in opposite directions via a tortuous flow path around the column 114 between the fifth heating fin 207(e) and the sixth heating fin 207(f). The airflow path 201 can then flow out exits 123 of the column 114 and out the exit side 126 of the heating chamber 104.

[0108] The airflow path 201 can have a linear distance. The linear distance can be about 200 mm to about 250 mm. The linear distance can be about 225 mm to about 245 mm. The linear distance can be about 235 mm.

[0109] While the airflow path 201 is described as having six levels defined by six fins and a base, it will be appreciated that other amounts of levels and fins can be used to form the airflow path 201. For example, the airflow path can include at least four levels, at least five levels, at least six levels, or more.

[0110] The plurality of heating fins 120 can be arranged such that a surface area of the plurality of heating fins 120 in contact with the air is maximized. The plurality of heating fins 120 can have a combined surface area of about 6,000 mm2to about 8,000 mm2. The plurality of heating fins 120 can have a combined surface area of about 6,500 mm2to about 7,500 mm2. The plurality of heating fins 120 can have a combined surface area of about 7,000 mm2. The plurality of heating fins 120 can be substantially circular. The plurality of heating fins 120 can be annular heating fins. The plurality of heating fins 120 can be substantially sector shaped. The plurality of heating fins 120 can be substantially half-circle shaped. The plurality of heating fins 120 can define the airflow path 201 such that portions of the airflow path 201 are substantially rectangular in shape (e.g., at openings 121(a), 121(b)). Other portions of the airflow path can be substantially circular (e.g., levels 203(a), 203(b), 203(c), 203(d), 203(e), 203(f) to allow circular or coaxial air flow between the heating fins). The implementation of a smaller surface area of fins in combination with the lower power heating element 122 to produce an aerosolized drug with the optimal properties described herein was surprising because prior implementations included a larger surface area with 200 watts or more of power for the heating element to produce the same optimal properties of the aerosolized drug. The configuration of the airflow path 201 as a tortuous air flow path (e.g., two routes on each level meeting at an opening) allows for quicker and more consistent heating by allowing for the air to mix at each level.

[0111] The air can exit the flow path formed by the plurality of heating fins 120 at substantially the same temperature as the plurality of heating fins 120. For example, the air can exit the exit side 126 of the column 114 at a temperature substantially equal to the temperature of the plurality of heating fins 120. The heated air can then flow through theexit 102 and into the drug cartridge 312 (e.g., the air can flow through the pad 316). The heated air can provide convective heating to the drug in the drug cartridge 312, thereby forming a vaporized drug from the drug. As the vaporized drug exits the heating chamber and enters, then remains in the holding chamber 200, the vaporized drug can cool and condense into the aerosolized drug.

[0112] The heating chamber 104 can be operable to increase the temperature of air from room temperature to the optimal temperature for vaporizing the drug in the drug cartridge 312. For example, the airflow path 201 formed by the plurality of fins 120 can be operable to increase the temperature of the air by about 215 degrees Celsius to about 225 degrees Celsius from the inlet 125 to the exit side 126. The airflow path 201 can be operable to increase the temperature of the air by about 220 degrees Celsius from the inlet 125 to the exit side 126. The airflow path 201 , due to its tortuous nature, can be operable to increase the temperature of the air while the heating chamber consumes 90 watts of power or less.

[0113] The heating element 122 can be coupled to a thermal fuse 143 via one or more wires 130. The thermal fuse 143 can be operable to measure a temperature of the heating element 122. The thermal fuse 143 can be operable to shut down the vaporizer 100 when a threshold temperature is exceeded. In this manner, the thermal fuse 143 can ensure that the heating element 122, and thereby the vaporizer 100, does not overheat. The threshold temperature can be about 300 degrees Celsius to about 400 degrees Celsius. The threshold temperature can be about 300 degrees Celsius to about 350 degrees Celsius. The threshold temperature can be about 310 degrees Celsius to about 320 degrees Celsius. The threshold temperature can be about 316 degrees Celsius to about 320 degrees Celsius. The threshold temperature can be about 318 degrees Celsius.

[0114] The heating chamber can include a lip 116 at the exit 102. The lip 116 can be in contact with the drug cartridge 312 which houses the pad 316 holding the drug. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1 D, the lip 116 can be in contact with a corresponding taper 332 of the drug cartridge base 318 of the drug cartridge 312. The lip 116 can be operable to provide conductive heating to the drug cartridge 312 (e.g., via the drug cartridge base 318), thereby providing additional heating to the drug. The heating element 122 can be configured to heat a lip 116 of the heating chamber 104. For example, the heating element 122 can cause the lip 116 of the heating chamber 104 to be heated to a temperature ofabout 200 degrees Celsius to about 260 degrees Celsius. The lip 116 can be heated to a temperature of about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius. The lip 116 can be heated to a temperature of about 235 degrees Celsius. The lip 116 can be operable to provide heat to the drug on the pad 316 (e.g., by providing heat to the drug cartridge 312).

[0115] The lip 116 can have an inward surface (e.g., taper). The lip 116 can have an angled interface for contacting the drug assembly 300 (e.g., cartridge base 318). The angled interface can allow for airtight sealing and allow for conductive heating of the pad 316 holding the drug (e.g., the cartridge base 318 can be directly in contact with the lip 116 and the cartridge base 318 can transfer heat to the pad 316 held by the cartridge base 318). For example, the lip 116 can include a 45 degree taper. The cartridge base 318 can include a corresponding 45 degree taper 332. The taper of the lip 116 and the corresponding taper 332 of the cartridge base 318 can provide thermal contact between the lip 116 and the drug cartridge 312. The 45 degree taper of the lip 116 can be a taper of 45 degrees relative to a vertical axis when the heating chamber 104 is orientated vertically, with the exit side 126 above the inlet side 124. The 45 degree taper of the lip 116 can be a taper of 45 degrees from the column 114. The 45 degree taper of the lip 116 can allow for the drug cartridge 312 (e.g., via cartridge base 318) to be properly seated within the lip 116 and prevent the drug cartridge 312 from getting stuck on the lip 116.

[0116] The heating chamber 104 can further include an inlet 112. The inlet 112 can be coupled to the inlet side 124. The inlet 112 can be operable to receive pumped air from an air pump. The inlet 112 can include an inlet exit 128. The inlet exit 128 can be operable to deliver air from the external pump to the column 114 at the inlet side 124. The inlet 112 can be substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins 120. By orienting the inlet 112 substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins 120, air entering the column 114 is placed in a tortuous flow path as it enters the column 114 (e.g., air hits a heating fin as it enters the flow path defined by the plurality of heating fins 120). The inlet 112 can be operable to couple to the column 114. For example, the inlet 112 can include a coupling mechanism for coupling to a column inlet 125. The inlet 112 and the column inlet 125 can be coupled using snap-fit connections, threaded connections, press-fitconnections, or other types of coupling mechanisms. The inlet 112 and the column inlet 125 form an airtight seal when coupled. The inlet 112 can have a height of about 35 mm to about 45 mm, or about 40 mm. The inlet 112 can have a weight of about 5 grams to about 10 grams. The inlet 112 can have a weight of about 6 grams to about 8 grams. In an installed configuration, a portion of the inlet 112 can be contained within the heating chamber 104 while another portion of the inlet 112 extends out from the heating chamber 104. The total height of the heating chamber 104 with an installed inlet 112 can be about 70 mm to about 100 mm, about 75 mm to about 95 mm, about 80 mm to about 90 mm, or about 87 mm. The total weight of the heating chamber 104 with the installed inlet 112 can be about 50 grams to about 60 grams or about 57 grams.

[0117] The heating chamber 104 can further include a sensor port 118. The sensor port 118 can include a coupling mechanism for coupling to a sensor 110. The coupling mechanism of the sensor port 118 can include a threaded connection. The coupling mechanism of the sensor port 118 can include a snap-fit connector or another type of coupling mechanism for coupling to the sensor. The sensor port 118, and thereby the sensor 110, can be located on an exterior of the heating chamber between the plurality of heating fins 120 and the exit 102.

[0118] The sensor 110 can include a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor can be operable to monitor a temperature of the air flowing through the heating chamber 104. The temperature sensor can be configured to measure a temperature of the heating chamber 104. The temperature sensor can be operable to measure the temperature of a wall of the heating chamber 104. The temperature sensor can then be used to determine a temperature of the heated air flowing through the heating chamber 104 (e.g., since the air is heating the wall of the heating chamber 104, the temperature of the wall of the heating chamber 104 will be substantially the same as the temperature of the heated air). The temperature sensor can be in fluid communication with the air flow path exiting the exit side 126 of the column 114. In this manner, the temperature of the heated air can be measured directly. The temperature sensor can be a resistance temperature detector.

[0119] The heating chamber 104 can include a conductive material. For example, the heating chamber 104 can include aluminum. The components of the heating chamber 104 are all heated by the heating element 122, such that any surface contacted by theflow of air is heated. The plurality of heating fins 120 can include aluminum. One or more walls of heating chamber 104 can include aluminum. The heating element 122 can include aluminum. The aluminum material of the heating chamber 104 can be operable to be preheated to the optimal temperature within about 5 minutes.

[0120] FIGS. 4A-4N, 5, and 6 illustrate the vaporizer 100. The vaporizer 100 can include a bottom assembly 167, a rear assembly 177, an expansion chamber assembly 149, a pump assembly 151, the heating chamber 104, and a top assembly 171. The vaporizer 100 can be operable to provide convective heating (e.g., through heated air) to the drug cartridge 312 and conductive heating (e.g., through direct contact of the cartridge base 318 and the lip 116) to the drug cartridge 312.

[0121] As illustrated in FIG. 4B, the bottom assembly 167 of the vaporizer 100 can include an air inlet 140. The air inlet 140 can be in communication with the external environment. The bottom assembly 167 can further include projections 131. The projections 131 can be operable to provide space between the air inlet 140 and the surface on which the vaporizer 100 sits. The projections 131 can include adhesive bumpers.

[0122] The vaporizer 100 can further include a power supply 164, as illustrated, for example, in FIG. 4C. The power supply 164 can be operable to supply power to the vaporizer 100. The power supply 164 may only need to provide 90 watts or less to the vaporizer 100. The vaporizer 100 can be operable to provide the heated air to the drug cartridge 312 using a power of 90 watts or less. The vaporizer 100 can include a power switch 133. The power switch 133 can be in electrical communication with the power supply 164. The power switch 133 can be operable to turn the vaporizer 100 on and off.

[0123] The vaporizer 100 can include a pump assembly 151. The pump assembly 151 can include an air pump 132. The air pump 132 can be operable to receive air from the air inlet 140. The air pump 132 can be connected to the air inlet 140 via an air inlet tube 134. The air pump 132 can be operable to draw air into the vaporizer 100 from the external environment through the air inlet tube 134.

[0124] The air pump 132 can be operable to provide air to the heating chamber 104. The air pump 132 can be operable to provide air to the heating chamber 104 at a volumetric flow rate. The volumetric flow rate of air provided to the heating chamber 104 can be optimized for aerosol generation. The volumetric flow rate can be about 2 L / min to about25 L / min. The volumetric flow rate can be about 6 L / min to about 8 L / min. The volumetric flow rate can be about 7 L / min. The volumetric flow rate through the heating chamber 104 can be an optimized volumetric flow rate for vaporizing the drug, which subsequently cools and condenses into the aerosolized drug. For example, a volumetric flow rate of about 6 L / min to about 8 L / min, or about 7 L / min, in combination with the optimized temperature described herein, can be operable to produce the aerosolized drug with optimal properties for deep lung region delivery to a patient. For example, the optimal properties can include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of 90%, drug cartridge residuals of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3. The properties of the aerosolized drug can be configured to optimize deep lung inhalation by the patient.

[0125] The air inlet tube 134 can be coupled, directly or indirectly, to the air pump 132. The air inlet tube 134 can be coupled to a connector 144. The connector 144 can be operable to provide the air flow to the pump 132. The connector 144 can be operable to split the air flow into two paths. For example, the pump 132 can have two inlets. The connector 144 can be operable to split the air flow into two paths such that both inlets of the pump 132 receive the air flow substantially equally. The connector 144 can split the air flow into a first pump inlet tube 146 and a second pump inlet tube 148. The first pump inlet tube 146 can deliver air to a first pump inlet of the air pump 132. The second pump inlet tube 148 can deliver air to a second pump inlet of the air pump 132. The first pump inlet tube 146 and the second pump inlet tube 148 can be coupled to respective pump inlets via pump tube securing mechanisms 155. The pump tube securing mechanisms 155 can include tube clamps.

[0126] The two air paths to the air pump 132 can provide air to two chambers of the air pump 132. Each chamber of the air pump 132 can include a separate piston to move air. The two pistons can be operable to provide the volumetric flow rate of air described herein. The two pistons can have offset strokes, thereby providing smoother air flow.

[0127] The air pump 132 can include two outlets. The two outlets can be coupled to a first outlet tube 150 and a second outlet tube 152. The first outlet tube 150 and the second outlet tube 152 can be coupled to the respective pump outlets via pump tube securing mechanisms 155. The pump tube securing mechanisms 155 can include tube clamps.

[0128] The air pump 132 can be supplied power via the power supply 164. The air pump 132 can be electrically connected to the power supply 164 via power cable 153.

[0129] The vaporizer 100 can include a filter 138 downstream of the air inlet 140. In other examples, the filter 138 can be located at the air inlet 140. The filter 138 can be operable to filter the air entering the vaporizer 100 from the external environment. For example, the filter 138 can be operable to filter any particles, pollution, materials, or other objects from the air, such that the air provided by the vaporizer 100 is clean air (e.g., substantially free of pollution). The air filter 138 can include a synthetic fiber spunbond polypropylene material. The synthetic fiber spunbond polypropylene material can filter particles down to 0.1 pm. The synthetic fiber spunbond polypropylene material can be biocompatible. The air filter 138 can optionally be replaceable.

[0130] The vaporizer 100 can include a silencer 142. The silencer 142 can be operable to reduce a noise level of the air flow as air is pulled into the vaporizer 100 via the air inlet 140. The silencer 142 can be in fluid communication with the air inlet tube 134. The silencer 142 is integral to the air inlet tube 134. The silencer 142 is located downstream from the filter 138. The silencer 142 is located upstream of the air pump 132.

[0131] The vaporizer 100 can further include an expansion chamber assembly 149. The expansion chamber assembly 149 can include an expansion chamber 136. The expansion chamber 136 can be operable to adjust the flow of air from the air pump 132 before providing the air flow to the heating chamber 104. For example, the expansion chamber 136 can be operable to reduce pulsing in the air flow caused by the air pump 132. The expansion chamber 136 can provide a space (e.g., volume) for the air to expand. By allowing the air to expand, the velocity and energy of the air is reduced, thereby minimizing noise and pressure fluctuations. In this manner, the expansion chamber 136 is operable to provide a consistent air flow rate to the heating chamber 104. The expansion chamber 136 can be operable to dampen pulsations of the airflow, thereby enabling smooth airflow that enhances aerosol formation and reduces turbulence.

[0132] The expansion chamber 136 can be downstream of the air pump 132 and upstream of the heating chamber 104 (e.g., air flows through the air pump 132 to the expansion chamber 136 and then to the heating chamber 104). The expansion chamber 136 can have two inlets. The air pump 132 can have two outlets. The two inlets of theexpansion chamber can be flu idical ly connected to the two outlets of the air pump 132 via a first pump outlet tube 150 and a second pump outlet tube 152.

[0133] Once the air flow passes through the expansion chamber 136, the air can flow to the heating chamber 104. The air flows from the expansion chamber 136 to the heating chamber 104 via first expansion chamber outlet tube 154. In this manner, a smooth air flow (e.g., air has a consistent flow rate due to passing through the expansion chamber 136) is provided to the heating chamber 104. The air flow can then be heated by the heating chamber 104, as described herein. A connector 165 can be operable to connect the first expansion chamber outlet tube 154 to the inlet 112 of the heating chamber 104. The inlet 112 can include an external barb (e.g., press-fit barb) operable to couple to the first expansion chamber outlet tube 154 (e.g., inlet hose for delivering air to the heating chamber 104).

[0134] The expansion chamber assembly 149 can further include a heat shield 147. The heat shield 147 can be operable to house (e.g., enclose) the heating chamber 104. The heat shield can be operable to prevent excess heating of the internal components of the vaporizer 100 by enclosing the heating chamber 104. The heat shield 147 can be insulated, such that the temperature of the heating chamber 104 does not pass through the heat shield 147 to the internal components of the vaporizer 100. The expansion chamber 136 can be coupled to the heat shield 147. An o-ring 145 can be located between the expansion chamber 136 and the heat shield 147. The expansion chamber 136 can be coupled to the heat shield 147 via one or more coupling mechanisms. The one or more coupling mechanisms can include screws, snap-fit connectors, press-fit connections, or other types of coupling mechanisms.

[0135] The heating chamber 104 can be coupled to the vaporizer outlet port 135. An o-ring 137 can be placed between the heating chamber 104 and the vaporizer outlet port 135. The o-ring 137 can be operable to form an airtight seal between the heating chamber 104 and the vaporizer outlet port 135. The heating chamber 104 can further include a ground cable strap 141. The ground cable strap 141 can be operable to ground the heating chamber 104. The heating element 122 of the heating chamber 104 can include a power cable 173. The power cable 173 can be in electrical communication with thepower supply 164, such that the heating element 122 can be supplied power by the power supply 164.

[0136] The vaporizer 100 can further include a pressure switch 158 (e.g., pressure sensor). The pressure switch 158 can be operable to measure pressure within the expansion chamber 136. The connector 165 can be a T-connector. In addition to supplying the air to the inlet of the heating chamber 104, air can be supplied to the pressure switch 158 via the T-connector. The pressure switch 158 can be operable to determine the pressure in the holding chamber 200. The pressure switch 158 can be operable to measure (e.g., determine) a pressure within an air flow path of the heating chamber 104. The pressure switch 158 can be operable to shut the vaporizer 100 down if the pressure in the holding chamber 200 exceeds a pressure threshold. The pressure threshold can be about 0.25 psi to about 1 psi. The pressure threshold can be about 0.5 psi.

[0137] The vaporizer 100 can further include a rear assembly 177. The rear assembly can include a rear assembly cover 157. The rear assembly 177 can include a USB port coupled to a USB cable 159. The USB port can be mounted on the rear assembly cover 157. The USB port can be operable to receive a USB drive and / or connect to a computing device. The USB port allows for the vaporizer 100 to be programmed by a user. The USB port allows for a user to retrieve data from the vaporizer 100 (e.g., via the controller described further herein).

[0138] The rear assembly 177 can include a power cable 161 including a power port. The power port of the power cable 161 can be mounted on the rear assembly cover 157. The power cable 161 can have one or more connectors for providing power to the components of the vaporizer 100 (e.g., air pump 132, heating element 122, etc.). The power cable 161 can be operable to electrically connect to the power supply 164, thereby providing power to the components (e.g., air pump 132, heating element 122, etc.) of the vaporizer 100.

[0139] The rear assembly 177 can include one or more fans 156. The one or more fans 156 can be operable to cool the internal components of the vaporizer 100. For example, the one or more fans 156 can be operable to expel hot air from the interior of the vaporizer 100, thereby cooling the vaporizer 100. A fan power cable 175 can be operable to be inelectrical communication with the power supply 164, thereby providing power to the one or more fans 156.

[0140] The rear assembly 177, expansion chamber assembly 149, and pump assembly 151 can be mounted to the bottom assembly (e.g., via one or more coupling mechanisms such as snap-fit connectors, screws, press-fit connections, etc.). The heating chamber 104 can then be mounted (e.g., enclosed) within the heat shield 147 of the expansion chamber assembly 149. The heating chamber 104 can also be coupled to the vaporizer outlet port 135 via one or more coupling mechanisms (e.g., snap-fit connectors, screws, press-fit connectors, etc.). The components (e.g., air pump 132, air inlet 140, expansion chamber 136, and heating chamber 104) can then be placed in fluid communication using the tubes described herein. The top assembly 171 can then be coupled to the bottom assembly 167, thereby enclosing the components of the vaporizer 100.

[0141] The tubes described herein can be silicone tubes. The connectors connecting the tubes can include stainless steel connectors. The stainless steel connectors can reduce and / or prevent off-gassing caused by the heat within the vaporizer 100. For example, offgassing can be caused by heating of the silicone tubes. The stainless steel connectors can be configured to reduce and / or prevent off-gassing caused by the heating of silicone. In some examples, the tubes can include plastic tubes. The stainless steel connectors can reduce and / or prevent off-gassing of the plastic tubes.

[0142] The vaporizer 100 can further include a controller 160. The controller 160 can include one or more processors. The controller 160 can be operable to control the function of the components of the vaporizer 100 described herein. For example, the controller 160 can be operable to turn the air pump 132 on and off. The controller 160 can be operable to utilize the pressure reading from the pressure switch 158 to determine when to turn the air pump 132 on and off and / or when to release the air from the expansion chamber 136 to the heating chamber 104.

[0143] The vaporizer 100 can include a pulse width modulator. The controller 160 can be configured to control the pulse width modulator. The pulse width modulator can be operable to regulate application of an input voltage to the air pump 132 such that a time-averaged voltage is applied to the air pump 132, thereby controlling a flow rate and / or volume of air provided by the vaporizer 100 to aerosolize the drug. For example, the flowrate provided by the air pump 132 can be proportional to the time-averaged voltage applied to the air pump 132. The pulse width modulator can be operable to modulate the input voltage to the air pump 132 to control the flow rate of air provided by the air pump 132. For example, the pulse width modulator can generate a switching waveform that alternates between an on state, in which the input voltage is applied to the air pump 132, and an off state, in which the input voltage is not applied to the air pump 132. The switching waveform can alternate between the on state and the off state according to a duty cycle. The duty cycle can be defined as the percentage of time that the switching waveform is in the on state relative to the period of the switching waveform. The period of the switching waveform as used herein refers to the duration between the start of one on state and the start of a subsequent on state (e.g., the period includes one on state and one off state). In this manner, the input voltage supplied to the air pump 132 can be switched on and off such that the air pump 132 is operated based on a time-averaged voltage corresponding to the duty cycle and the value of the input voltage (e.g., the time-averaged voltage is equal to the product of the duty cycle and the value of the input voltage).

[0144] The pulse width modulator can improve efficiency and / or management of power supplied to the air pump 132 by selectively applying the input voltage to the air pump 132 according to the duty cycle. Utilizing the duty cycle, the pulse width modulator can regulate the time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump 132, thereby controlling pump operation without requiring continuous application of the input voltage. In this manner, the pulse width modulator can provide an efficient mechanism for controlling operation of the air pump 132 while reducing unnecessary power consumption.

[0145] When the input voltage is constant, the pulse width modulator can operate at a fixed duty cycle, such that the percentage of time during which the input voltage is applied to the air pump 132 remains unchanged. For example, the pulse width modulator can impose a duty cycle of 50% on the constant input voltage, such that the input voltage is supplied to the air pump 132 about 50% of the time to achieve the time-averaged voltage, and thereby a target flow rate. In some examples, for a given input voltage, a duty cycle of 50% can produce the target flow rate provided by the air pump 132.

[0146] The controller 160 can include one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms configured to control operation of the pulse width modulator. The one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can be operable to adjust the duty cycle of the pulse width modulator such that the time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump 132 remains substantially constant even when the input voltage changes. For example, the input voltage can vary due to variation in supply voltage or other operating parameters. When the input voltage decreases, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can increase the duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator such that the time-averaged voltage associated with a target flow rate is provided to the air pump 132. Similarly, when the input voltage increases, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can decrease the duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator such that the time-averaged voltage associated with the target flow rate is provided to the air pump 132. In this manner, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can adjust the duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator such that the time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump 132 corresponds to the target flow rate.

[0147] The one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can be included in control logic of the controller 160. For example, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can include algorithms, software, firmware, or other control logic configured to adjust the duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator such that a target time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump 132, thereby causing the air pump 132 to provide a target flow rate. Equation 1 illustrates the relationship between time-averaged voltage (Vairpump) supplied to the air pump 132 and the associated flow rate (Q) supplied by the air pump 132. Equation 2 illustrates the relationship between the duty cycle (D) imposed by the pulse width modulator, the input voltage (Vinput), and the time-averaged voltage ( Vairpump) supplied to the air pump 132.Q Vair pump ( 1 ) Vair pump DVinpUt(2)

[0148] As illustrated in Equation 1 , the flow rate (Q) provided by the air pump 132 can be proportional to the time-averaged voltage ( Vairpump) supplied to the air pump 132 (e.g., as controlled by the pulse width modulator). As illustrated in Equation 2, the product of theduty cycle (D) imposed by the pulse width modulator and the input voltage (Vinput) equates to the time-averaged voltage (Vairpump) supplied to the air pump 132. Using Equation 1 and Equation 2, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can be configured to determine the necessary duty cycle (D) imposed by the pulse width modulator based on a known input voltage (Vinput) and a target flow rate (Q). In this manner, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can adjust the duty cycle (D) imposed by the pulse width modulator to compensate for variation in the input voltage, thereby maintaining the target flow rate.

[0149] The proportional relationship between the time-averaged voltage ( Vairpump) and the target flow rate (Q) can be a known relationship. In an example, a time-averaged voltage of 12 V can provide a target flow rate of 7 L / min. When the input voltage is 24 V, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can set the duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator to 50%, thereby supplying the necessary time-averaged voltage of 12 V to the air pump 132. When the input voltage changes, for example to an input voltage of 22 V, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can automatically adjust the duty cycle imposed by pulse width modulator such that the time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump 132 remains 12 V. In this example, the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can adjust the duty cycle to about 54.5% such that the time-averaged input voltage remains at about 12 V, thereby producing the target flow rate of 7 L / min. It will be appreciated that the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can operate with any suitable proportional relationship between the time-averaged voltage and the target flow rate such that the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can adjust the duty cycle according to the input voltage to provide the necessary time-averaged voltage to the air pump 132.

[0150] In some examples, the vaporizer 100 can further include one or more pressure sensors. The one or more pressure sensors can be in communication with the controller 160. The one or more pressure sensors can be configured to measure an ambient pressure (e.g., a pressure of the ambient environment). For example, the one or more pressure sensors can be referred to as one or more ambient pressure sensors. Ambient pressure can affect the relationship between the time-averaged voltage supplied to theair pump 132 and the resulting flow rate. Ambient pressure can change as a function of altitude. For example, ambient pressure decreases as altitude increases.

[0151] In some examples, the vaporizer 100 can further include one or more temperature sensors. In some examples, the one or more temperature sensors can be configured to measure an ambient temperature of the ambient environment. The temperature of the ambient environment can affect the ambient pressure measured by the one or more pressure sensors. In some examples, the one or more temperature sensors can be in communication with the controller 160. The controller 160 can be configured to determine the ambient pressure based on both the ambient pressure measured by the one or more pressure sensors and the ambient temperature measured by the one or more temperature sensors. In other examples, the one or more pressure sensors can include one or more temperature compensation mechanisms (e.g., temperature sensors integrated with the one or more pressure sensors), such that the ambient pressure measured by the one or more pressure sensors compensates for ambient temperature without additional, separate temperature sensors.

[0152] In some examples, ambient pressure can affect the relationship between the time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump 132 and the resulting flow rate provided by the air pump 132. For example, a time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump 132 that produces a target flow rate at a first ambient pressure may produce a different flow rate at a second ambient pressure. The controller 160 can be configured to determine a target time-averaged voltage for the air pump 132 based on both a target flow rate and the sensed ambient pressure.

[0153] The controller 160 can include one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms operable to adjust the output of the air pump 132 based on the ambient pressure sensed by the one or more pressure sensors. For example, the one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms can include algorithms, software, firmware, or other control logic configured to determine, based on the sensed ambient pressure and a target flow rate, a target time-averaged voltage to be supplied to the air pump 132. The controller 160 can then control the pulse width modulator to provide the target time-averaged voltage to the air pump 132 such that the target flow rate is maintained across a range of ambient pressures and altitudes.

[0154] In some examples, the controller 160 can determine the target time-averaged voltage based on a stored relationship, lookup table, calibration curve, algorithm, or other control model that correlates ambient pressure, altitude, time-averaged voltage provided to the air pump 132, and resulting flow rate. For example, the controller 160 can determine that a first time-averaged voltage is associated with a target flow rate at a first ambient pressure and that a second, different time-averaged voltage is associated with the same target flow rate at a second ambient pressure. In this manner, the controller 160 can compensate for changes in ambient pressure that would otherwise cause variation in the flow rate provided by the air pump 132.

[0155] The one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms can operate in combination with the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms described herein. For example, the one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms can determine, based on ambient pressure and a target flow rate, a target time-averaged voltage for the air pump 132, and the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can determine a duty cycle of the pulse width modulator that produces the target time-averaged voltage based on the input voltage supplied to the pulse width modulator. In this manner, the controller can compensate both for changes in ambient pressure and for changes in input voltage, thereby maintaining a desired flow rate under varying environmental and electrical operating conditions. The one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms and the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms can be independent of one another (e.g., the one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms operate independently from the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms).

[0156] The vaporizer 100 can further include a display screen 162. The display screen 162 can be operable to receive a user input to begin operation of the vaporizer 100. The user input can then be sent to the controller 160 to begin operation of the vaporizer 100. The display screen 162 can further be operable to display various parameters of the vaporizer 100. For example, the display screen 162 can be operable to display the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (e.g., sensor 110). The display screen 162 can be operable to display the flow rate of air through the heating chamber 104. The display screen 162 can be operable to display instructions for properly connecting thevaporizer 100, aerosol containment device 202, and drug assembly 300. The display screen 162 can be operable to provide visual confirmation to a user that the system (e.g., vaporizer 100, aerosol containment device 202, and drug assembly 300) is ready for vaporization to be initiated.

[0157] FIG. 4N illustrates a wiring diagram 169 for the components of the vaporizer 100. The wiring diagram 169 illustrates the various connections between the components described herein.

[0158] Further provided herein is a method for aerosolizing a drug for delivery to a patient. FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the method 400. The method 400 can be conducted using the vaporizer, heating chamber, and systems described herein.

[0159] The drug can be contained within a drug cartridge. The drug can be on a pad contained within the drug cartridge. The drug cartridge can allow air to flow therethrough. The drug can have a dose of about 6 mg to about 18 mg. In other examples, the drug can have a dose of about 0.5 mg to about 20 mg. In other examples, the drug can have a dose of about 0.5 mg to about 10 mg. The drug can be 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol, entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, mescaline, other phenylalkylamines, other tryptamines, other ergolines, other serotonergic compounds, second generation psychedelics, nicotine, pentamidine, and / or opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, naloxone, or other drugs configured to be administered in an aerosolized form. In one example, the drug can be 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), (i.e., mebufotenin) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The drug can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.

[0160] The method 400 can begin by pre-heating a heating chamber 104 to a temperature prior to attachment of the drug assembly. The pre-heating of the heating chamber to a temperature can bring the column of the heating chamber up to a target temperature prior to the attachment of the drug assembly and aerosol containment device (e.g., including the holding chamber). The method 400 may not require pre-heating the heating chamber 104 as an initial step.

[0161] At block 402, the method 400 can include providing a flow of air to a heating chamber. The heating chamber can be the heating chamber described herein. Theheating chamber can include a plurality of heating fins thermally coupled to a heating element. The plurality of heating fins can be operable to form an air flow path. The flow of air can be provided by the air pump described herein.

[0162] At block 404, the method 400 can include heating the flow of air to a temperature of about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius. The temperature can be about 235 degrees Celsius. The temperature can be an optimum temperature for aerosolizing the drug. For example, the temperature can provide an MMAD of the aerosolized drug of less than or equal to about 3 pm. The temperature can provide an MMAD of the aerosolized drug of about 0.1 pm to about 3 pm. The temperature can provide an FPF of greater than or equal to 90%. The temperature can provide an FPF of about 95% to about 99.8%. The temperature can provide an FPF of about 97% to about 99.8%. The temperature can provide a GSD of the aerosolized drug of less than about 3. The temperature can provide a GSD of the aerosolized drug of about 1 to about 3. The MMAD, FPD, FPF, and GSD of the aerosolized drug can be optimized to achieve deep lung deposition following inhalation by the patient.

[0163] At block 406, the method 400 can include heating a lip of the heating chamber. The lip of the heating chamber can be heated by the heating element to a temperature of about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius, for example about 235 degrees Celsius. The lip of the heating chamber can be operable to directly contact the drug cartridge, which houses the pad on which the drug sits. The lip can be operable to provide conductive heating to the drug cartridge, which, in turn, provides conductive heating to the pad holding the drug, thereby providing conductive heating to the drug to enhance drug vaporization.

[0164] At block 408, the method 400 can include providing the flow of air to the drug cartridge. For example, the heated air can be provided to the drug cartridge, thereby heating the drug and vaporizing the drug. After the drug is vaporized, the vaporized drug can subsequently cool and condense to form an aerosolized drug. The flow of air is provided to the drug cartridge at an optimal flow rate for aerosol generation. The flow of air can be provided at a flow rate of about 2 L / min to about 25 L / min. The flow of air can be provided at a flow rate of about 6 L / min to about 8 L / m in. The flow of air can be provided at a flow rate of about 7 L / min.

[0165] The flow rate and the temperature of the flow of air can be operable to form the aerosolized drug such that the aerosolized drug has the characteristics that are desired for deep lung deposition (e.g., FPF > 90%, MMAD < 3 pm, and the absence of thermal degradation products). The aerosolized drug includes consistent small particles (e.g., the particles have an FPF of 90% or greater) ideal for delivery to the lungs of the patient via inhalation. The flow rate and the temperature of the flow of air can be operable to achieve effective and efficient vaporization of the drug. For example, if the temperature of the flow of air is too high (e.g., greater than 260 degrees Celsius) the drug may undergo combustion, thereby introducing thermal degradation products into the aerosol. If the temperature of the flow of air is too low (e.g., below 200 degrees Celsius), especially in combination with a lower delivered volume (e.g., 2 L or less) and / or a higher dose (e.g., 18 mg or more), the drug may not vaporize or may only partially vaporize. If the flow of air is too fast (e.g., greater than 25 L / min), the drug may not be sufficiently heated by the flow of air. If the flow of air is too low (e.g., below 2 L / min), the drug may undergo combustion due to prolonged exposure to the heated air. The temperature and flow rate can provide optimized properties of the aerosolized drug. For example, a temperature of about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius, or about 235 degrees Celsius, and a flow rate of about 6 L / min to about 8 L / min, or about 7 L / min, can be operable to provide optimized properties of the aerosolized drug. The temperature and flow rate can provide an MMAD of the aerosolized drug of less than or equal to about 1 pm. The temperature and flow rate can provide an FPF of 90% or greater. The temperature and flow rate can provide a GSD of the aerosolized drug of less than about 3. The MMAD, FPD, FPF and GSD of the aerosolized drug are optimized for deep lung deposition following inhalation by the patient.

[0166] The vaporized drug can be collected in the holding chamber described herein. The vaporized drug can subsequently cool and condense to form the aerosolized drug in the holding chamber. For example, the vaporized drug and the flow of air can flow out of the drug cartridge and into the holding chamber. The holding chamber can be in fluidic communication with the heating chamber and drug cartridge. Once the aerosolized drug is in the holding chamber, the holding chamber can be removed from the drug cartridge and the vaporizer. Once the holding chamber is removed from the drug cartridge and thevaporizer, a mouthpiece can be connected to the holding chamber. A patient can inhale the aerosolized drug through the mouthpiece. The patient can inhale the aerosolized drug such that the drug reaches the deep lung region of the patient.

[0167] Further provided herein is a method for measuring FPD. FPD is measured using a Next Generation Impactor (NGI), which is a high performance cascade impactor with seven stages. The NGI is the most efficient and accurate way to do standard in vitro APSD testing. The fine particle dose is the mass of particles having the specified particle size, e.g., <5 pm as calculated through the Copley NGI software. The CITDAS (Copley Inhaler Testing Data Analysis Software) calculates the FPD once the flow rate and cutoff is defined. The software will then sum the drug mass on stages below the cut-off and report the FPD.

[0168] Further provided herein is a method for measuring MMAD. The method for measuring MMAD can include utilizing the NGI. The drug mass on the stages can be used to determine a cumulative mass distribution plot with stage cut-off diameter and cumulative mass percentage. Interpolation or curve-fitting can be used to determine a 50% point where 50% of the particles are larger than the 50% point and 50% of the particles are smaller than the 50% point. MMAD is the diameter at which 50% of the particles of an aerosol by mass are larger and 50% are smaller.

[0169] Further provided herein is a method for measuring GSD. The GSD can be determined utilizing the data provided by the NGI. GSD measures the dispersion of particle diameter and is defined as the ratio of the median diameter to the diameter + / - 1 standard deviation from the median diameter.

[0170] Further provided herein is a method for measuring FPF. The FPF can be determined utilizing the data from the NGI. The FPF is the percentage based on the ratio of FPD to the total dose.

[0171] A first set of illustrative aspects of the present disclosure include:

[0172] Aspect 1. A heating chamber for heating a drug on a pad comprising: a column having an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side; an inlet coupled to the inlet side and operable to receive pumped air from an air pump; a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side, wherein an inlet exit is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins; a heating element mounted ina middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; and an exit on the exit side, wherein the exit includes a lip, wherein the plurality of heating fins form a tortuous airflow path.

[0173] Aspect 2. The heating chamber of Aspect 1, wherein the inlet is an inlet tube that extends from the inlet side in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins.

[0174] Aspect 3. The heating chamber of Aspect 2, wherein the inlet tube includes an inlet opening that includes an external barb configuration to receive an inlet hose that is fluidically coupled to the air pump.

[0175] Aspect 4. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-3, wherein the heating element consumes 90 watts or less.

[0176] Aspect 5. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-4, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is 7 L / min.

[0177] Aspect 6. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-5, wherein an exit temperature of the air exceeds 200 degrees Celsius.

[0178] Aspect 7. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-6, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius.

[0179] Aspect 8. The heating chamber of Aspect 7, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the drug such that a subsequently formed aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition.

[0180] Aspect 9. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 7-8, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the drug into the air.

[0181] Aspect 10. The heating chamber of Aspect 9, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber to form an aerosolized drug.

[0182] Aspect 11. The heating chamber of Aspect 10, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient.

[0183] Aspect 12. The heating chamber of Aspect 8 or 11 , wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0184] Aspect 13. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-12, wherein the plurality of heating fins have a combined surface area of 7,000 mm2.

[0185] Aspect 14. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-13, wherein the plurality of heating fins are annular heating fins.

[0186] Aspect 15. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-14, wherein the plurality of heating fins are operable to form an airflow path.

[0187] Aspect 16. The heating chamber of Aspect 15, wherein the airflow path allows air to flow coaxially around the heating element.

[0188] Aspect 17. The heating chamber of Aspect 15 or 16, wherein the airflow path includes a plurality of levels, each level of the plurality of levels defined by adjacent heating fins of the plurality of heating fins.

[0189] Aspect 18. The heating chamber of Aspect 17, wherein each heating fin of the plurality of heating fins includes an opening.

[0190] Aspect 19. The heating chamber of Aspect 18, wherein the openings of adjacent heating fins are located on opposite sides of the heating element.

[0191] Aspect 20. The heating chamber of Aspect 19, wherein each level of the plurality of levels includes two paths, wherein the two paths diverge at the opening of a bottom heating fin of adjacent heating fins and converge at the opening of a top heating fin of adjacent heating fins.

[0192] Aspect 21. The heating chamber of Aspect 20, wherein convergence and / or divergence of the two paths on each level forms the tortuous airflow path.

[0193] Aspect 22. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-21 , wherein the tortuous airflow path allows air to mix along the tortuous airflow path.

[0194] Aspect 23. The heating chamber of Aspect 22, wherein mixing of the air allows the air to reach a substantially consistent temperature.

[0195] Aspect 24. The heat chamber of Aspect 22 or 23, wherein the air exiting the exit has a substantially consistent temperature.

[0196] Aspect 25. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 17-24, wherein the plurality of levels include at least 4 levels, at least 5 levels, at least 6 levels, or more.

[0197] Aspect 26. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 15-25, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 200 mm to about 250 mm.

[0198] Aspect 27. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 15-26, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 225 mm to about 245 mm.

[0199] Aspect 28. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 15-27, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 230 mm to about 240 mm.

[0200] Aspect 29. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 15-28, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 235 mm.

[0201] Aspect 30. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-29, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 70 mm to about 100 mm.

[0202] Aspect 31. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 -30, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 75 mm to about 95 mm.

[0203] Aspect 32. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 -31 , wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 80 mm to about 90 mm.

[0204] Aspect 33. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-32, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 87 mm.

[0205] Aspect 34. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-32, wherein the heating chamber without connecting the inlet has a height of about 40 mm to about 70 mm, about 45 mm to about 65 mm, about 50 mm to about 60 mm, or about 54 mm.

[0206] Aspect 35. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-34, wherein the heating chamber has a cylindrical shape.

[0207] Aspect 36. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-35, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 20 mm to about 40 mm.

[0208] Aspect 37. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-36, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 25 mm to about 35 mm.

[0209] Aspect 38. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-37, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 30 mm to about 35 mm.

[0210] Aspect 39. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-38, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 32 mm.

[0211] Aspect 40. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-39, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 40 grams to about 80 grams.

[0212] Aspect 41. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-40, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 50 grams to about 70 grams.

[0213] Aspect 42. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-41 , wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 50 grams to about 60 grams.

[0214] Aspect 43. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-42, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 57 grams.

[0215] Aspect 44. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-43, wherein the heating chamber without the inlet connected has a weight of about 30 grams to about 70 grams, about 40 grams to about 60 grams, about 45 grams to about 55 grams, about 47 grams to about 52 grams, or about 50 grams.

[0216] Aspect 45. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-44, further comprising a concave surface operable to prevent liquid caused by melting of the drug from contacting the plurality of heating fins and / or the heating element.

[0217] Aspect 46. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-45, wherein the heating element is a 70 watt heating element.

[0218] Aspect 47. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-46, further comprising a threaded connection configured to receive a temperature sensor, wherein the threaded connection is located on an exterior of the heating chamber and between the plurality of heating fins and an opening of the exit.

[0219] Aspect 48. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-47, wherein the lip has a tapered surface.

[0220] Aspect 49. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-48, wherein the heating element is further operable to heat the lip.

[0221] Aspect 50. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-49, wherein the pad is thermally conductive.

[0222] Aspect 51. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-50, wherein the lip is operable to provide heat to the drug.

[0223] Aspect 52. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 48-51 , wherein the tapered surface is operable to interface with a drug cartridge holding the pad.

[0224] Aspect 53. The heating chamber of Aspect 52, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the lip, thereby heating the drug cartridge and the pad.

[0225] Aspect 54. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 48-53, wherein the tapered surface includes a taper of about 45 degrees from the column.

[0226] Aspect 55. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-54, wherein the heating element comprises aluminum.

[0227] Aspect 56. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-55, wherein the plurality of heating fins comprise aluminum.

[0228] Aspect 57. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-56, wherein one or more walls of the heating chamber comprise aluminum.

[0229] Aspect 58. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 55-57, wherein the aluminum is operable to heat to a selected temperature within about 5 minutes.

[0230] Aspect 59. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-58, wherein the plurality of heating fins are operable to mix the air such that the air is heated to a substantially consistent temperature.

[0231] Aspect 60. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-59, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the plurality of heating fins to about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius, while consuming 90 watts or less of power.

[0232] Aspect 61. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 -60, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the plurality of heating fins to about 235 degrees Celsius, while consuming 90 watts or less of power.

[0233] Aspect 62. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-61, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0234] Aspect 63. The heating chamber of Aspect 1, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 1 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0235] Aspect 64. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising an air pump and the heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 -61.

[0236] Aspect 65. The vaporizer of Aspect 64, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0237] Aspect 66. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising a controller including one or more processors; and air pump communicatively coupled to the controller; and the heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-61.

[0238] Aspect 67. The vaporizer of Aspect 66, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0239] Aspect 68. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising a controller including one or more processors; an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller; an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; and the heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-61.

[0240] Aspect 69. The vaporizer of Aspect 68, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0241] Aspect 70. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising an air pump; an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; and the heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1-61.

[0242] Aspect 71. The vaporizer of Aspect 70, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0243] Aspect 72. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 64, 66, 68, or 70, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0244] Aspect 73. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising a controller including one or more processors; an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller; an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; and a heating chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump, wherein the heating chamber comprises: a column having an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side; an inlet coupled to the inlet side andoperable to receive pumped air from the air pump; a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side, wherein an inlet exit is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins; a heating element mounted in a middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; and an exit on the exit side, wherein the exit includes a lip, wherein the plurality of heating fins form a tortuous airflow path.

[0245] Aspect 74. The vaporizer of Aspect 73, further comprising a pressure switch in communication with the expansion chamber.

[0246] Aspect 75. The vaporizer of Aspect 74, wherein the pressure switch is operable to measure a pressure within an air flow path of the heating chamber.

[0247] Aspect 76. The vaporizer of Aspect 75, further comprising a temperature sensor in communication with the heating chamber, wherein the temperature sensor is operable to monitor a temperature of the air flowing through the heating chamber.

[0248] Aspect 77. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73-76, further comprising an air filter and a silencer fluidically coupled to the air pump.

[0249] Aspect 78. The vaporizer of Aspect 77, wherein the air filter is operable to filter the air entering the vaporizer from an external environment.

[0250] Aspect 79. The vaporizer of Aspect 77 or 78, wherein the silencer is operable to reduce noise generated by the vaporizer.

[0251] Aspect 80. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 77-79, further comprising an air inlet, wherein the air flows through the air inlet, the air filter, and the silencer to the air pump.

[0252] Aspect 81. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73-80, wherein the expansion chamber is operable to provide a consistent air flow rate.

[0253] Aspect 82. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73-81, wherein the expansion chamber is downstream from an outlet of the air pump.

[0254] Aspect 83. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73-82, wherein the expansion chamber is operable to reduce pulsing in a flow of the air caused by the air pump.

[0255] Aspect 84. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73-83, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0256] Aspect 85. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73-84, wherein the lip includes a tapered surface.

[0257] Aspect 86. The vaporizer of Aspect 85, wherein the tapered surface is operable to interface with a drug cartridge enclosing the pad.

[0258] Aspect 87. The vaporizer of Aspect 86, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the lip.

[0259] Aspect 88. The vaporizer of Aspect 87, wherein the lip is operable to provide conductive heating to the drug cartridge, thereby providing heat to the pad.

[0260] Aspect 89. The vaporizer of Aspect 73, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition and systemic absorption via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 1 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0261] Aspect 90. A method for aerosolizing a drug for delivery to a patient, the method comprising providing a flow of air to a heating chamber; heating the flow of air to a temperature of about 235 degrees Celsius; heating a lip of the heating chamber, the lip in communication with a drug cartridge containing the drug; and providing the flow of air to the drug cartridge, thereby heating the drug and forming a vaporized drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools, thereby forming an aerosolized drug.

[0262] Aspect 91. The method of Aspect 90, further comprising pre-heating the heating chamber prior to providing the flow of air.

[0263] Aspect 92. The method of Aspect 90, further comprising pre-heating the heating chamber prior to attaching the drug cartridge to the heating chamber.

[0264] Aspect 93. The method of any one of Aspects 90-92, wherein the flow of air is provided to the heating chamber by an air pump.

[0265] Aspect 94. The method of any one of Aspects 90-93, wherein the flow of air has a flow rate of about 7 L / min.

[0266] Aspect 95. The method of any one of Aspects 90-94, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient.

[0267] Aspect 96. The method of Aspect 95, wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 1 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, drug residuals on a pad holding the drug of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0268] Aspect 97. The method of any one of Aspects 90-96, further comprising providing the aerosolized drug to a holding chamber fluidically coupled to the heating chamber.

[0269] Aspect 98. The method of Aspect 97, further comprising removing the holding chamber from the heating chamber.

[0270] Aspect 99. The method of Aspect 98, further comprising administering the aerosolized drug to the patient via a mouthpiece attached to the holding chamber.

[0271] Aspect 100. The method of any one of Aspects 90-99, wherein the heating chamber comprises a heating element and a plurality of fins thermally coupled to the heating element.

[0272] Aspect 101. The method of any one of Aspects 90-100, wherein heating the flow of air comprises flowing the air through a plurality of fins heated to the temperature.

[0273] Aspect 102. The method of any one of Aspects 90-101 , wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0274] Aspect 103. The method of Aspect 90, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 1 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on a pad holding the dried drug of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0275] Aspect 104. A drug for use as a medicament wherein the drug is aerosolized by the method of any of Aspects 90-101 and administered to a patient need thereof.

[0276] Aspect 105. A drug for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is aerosolized by the method defined in any of Aspects 90-101.

[0277] Aspect 106. A drug for use as a medicament wherein the drug is aerosolized by the heating chamber defined in any of Aspects 1-61 and administered to a patient in need thereof.

[0278] Aspect 107. A drug for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is aerosolized by the heating chamber defined in any of Aspects 1-61.

[0279] Aspect 108. A drug for use as a medicament wherein the drug is aerosolized by the vaporizer of any of Aspects 64, 66, 68, 70, 73-83, or 85-88 and administered to a patient in need thereof.

[0280] Aspect 109. A drug for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is aerosolized by the vaporizer defined in any of Aspects 64, 66, 68, 70, 73-83, or 85-88.

[0281] Aspect 110. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-109, wherein the disease or disorder is a mental disorder or nervous system disorder.

[0282] Aspect 111. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol, entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, phenylalkylamine mescaline, other tryptamines (e.g., a tryptamine other than 5-MeO-DMT and N,N-dimethyltryptamine), other ergolines, other serotonergic compounds, second generation psychedelics, nicotine, pentamidine, and / or opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, and / or naloxone.

[0283] Aspect 112. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-111, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol, entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, phenylalkylamine mescaline, other tryptamines (e.g., a tryptamine other than 5-MeO-DMT and N,N-dimethyltryptamine), other ergolines, other serotonergiccompounds, second generation psychedelics, nicotine, pentamidine, and / or opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, and / or naloxone.

[0284] Aspect 113. The drug for use according to Aspect 112, wherein the second generation psychedelic is selected from the group consisting of deuterated tryptamines and non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens, optionally wherein the non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens is tabernanthalog, / V-dimethylaminoisotryptamine or derivatives thereof.

[0285] Aspect 114. The drug for use according to Aspect 112, wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, preferably wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) free base.

[0286] Aspect 115. The drug for use according to Aspect 112, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof preferably, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) free base.

[0287] Aspect 116. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 105, 107, or 109, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, psychoactive substance abuse, epilepsy, sickness associated with chemotherapy, acute pain, chronic pain, phantom pain, migraine, multiple sclerosis, multiple sclerosis spasms, schizophrenia, insomnia, rheumatoid arthritis, psychosis, HIV-induced anorexia, sleep apnea, alcohol use disorder, suicidal ideation, psychoactive substance use disorder, smoking cessation, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, pleuropneumonitis, parasitic conditions, pneumocystis pneumonia, HIV related dementia, cough, diarrhoea, nausea, opioid abuse, seizures and shortness of breath.

[0288] Aspect 117. The drug for use according to Aspects 112 or 116, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolardisorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0289] Aspect 118. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 105, 107, or 109, wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0290] Aspect 119. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0291] Aspect 120. The drug for use according to Aspect 118, wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and the disease or disorder is major depressive disorder.

[0292] Aspect 121. The drug for use according to Aspect 119, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and the disease or disorder is major depressive disorder.

[0293] Aspect 122. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises a cannabinoid and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of epilepsy, sickness associated with chemotherapy, chronic pain, multiple sclerosis spasms, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and insomnia.

[0294] Aspect 123. The drug for use according any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is a cannabinoid, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of epilepsy, sickness associated with chemotherapy, chronic pain, multiple sclerosisspasms, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and insomnia.

[0295] Aspect 124. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of HIV-induced anorexia, sickness associated with chemotherapy, chronic pain, sleep apnea and multiple sclerosis.

[0296] Aspect 125. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is a tetrahydrocannabinol, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of HIV-induced anorexia, sickness associated with chemotherapy, chronic pain, sleep apnea and multiple sclerosis.

[0297] Aspect 126. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder.

[0298] Aspect 127. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder.

[0299] Aspect 128. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises ketamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute pain, nausea, suicidal ideation, psychoactive substance use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.

[0300] Aspect 129. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is ketamine, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute pain, nausea, suicidal ideation, drug addiction and posttraumatic stress disorder.

[0301] Aspect 130. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises lysergic acid diethylamide and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of alcohol use disorder, anxiety disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, and phantom pain.

[0302] Aspect 131. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is lysergic acid diethylamide, and the disease or disorder is selected from the groupconsisting of alcohol use disorder, anxiety disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, and phantom pain.

[0303] Aspect 132. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises psilocybin and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, smoking cessation, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder and migraine.

[0304] Aspect 133. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is psilocybin, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, smoking cessation, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder and migraine.

[0305] Aspect 134. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, psychoactive substance abuse and Parkinson’s disease.

[0306] Aspect 135. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, psychoactive substance abuse and Parkinson’s disease.

[0307] Aspect 136. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises phenylalkylamine mescaline and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of alcohol use disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorder.

[0308] Aspect 137. The drug for use according any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is phenylalkylamine mescaline and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of alcohol use disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorder.

[0309] Aspect 138. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises a tryptamine other than 5-MeO-DMT, psilocybin or N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder and chronic pain.

[0310] Aspect 139. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is a tryptamine other than 5-MeO-DMT, psilocybin or N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder and chronic pain.

[0311] Aspect 140. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises an ergoline other than lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of migraine, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia.

[0312] Aspect 141. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is an ergoline other than lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of migraine, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia.

[0313] Aspect 142. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises a serotonergic compound and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder.

[0314] Aspect 143. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is a serotonergic compound, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder.

[0315] Aspect 143. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises nicotine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of smoking cessation, Parkinson’s disease, dementia and preferably Parkinson’s disease and dementia.

[0316] Aspect 144. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is nicotine, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting ofsmoking cessation, Parkinson’s disease and dementia, preferably Parkinson’s disease and dementia.

[0317] Aspect 145. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises pentamidine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of parasitic conditions, pneumocystis pneumonia and HIV related dementia.

[0318] Aspect 146. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is pentamidine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of parasitic conditions, pneumocystis pneumonia and HIV related dementia.

[0319] Aspect 147. The drug for use according to Aspect 104-110, wherein the parasitic condition is selected from the group consisting of African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and Balamuthia.

[0320] Aspect 148. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises fentanyl, morphine, and / or naloxone and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute pain, chronic pain, shortness of breath, opioid abuse, cough and diarrhea.

[0321] Aspect 149. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is fentanyl, morphine, and / or naloxone and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute pain, chronic pain, shortness of breath, opioid abuse, cough and diarrhea.

[0322] Aspect 150. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug comprises a second generation psychedelic, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0323] Aspect 151. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104-110, wherein the drug is a second generation psychedelic, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0324] A second set of illustrative aspects of the present disclosure include:

[0325] Aspect 1a. A heating chamber for heating a drug on a pad comprising: a column having an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side; an inlet coupled to the inlet side and operable to receive pumped air from an air pump; a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side, wherein an inlet exit is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins; a heating element mounted in a middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; and an exit on the exit side, wherein the exit includes a lip, wherein the plurality of heating fins forms a tortuous airflow path.

[0326] Aspect 2a. The heating chamber of Aspect 1a, wherein the inlet is an inlet tube that extends from the inlet side in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins.

[0327] Aspect 3a. The heating chamber of Aspect 2a, wherein the inlet tube includes an inlet opening that includes an external barb configuration to receive an inlet hose that is fluidically coupled to the air pump.

[0328] Aspect 4a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-3a, wherein the heating element consumes 90 watts or less.

[0329] Aspect 5a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-4a, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is 7 L / min.

[0330] Aspect 6a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-5a, wherein an exit temperature of the air exceeds 200 degrees Celsius.

[0331] Aspect 7a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-6a, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius.

[0332] Aspect 8a. The heating chamber of Aspect 7a, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the drug such that a subsequently formed aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition.

[0333] Aspect 9a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 7a-8a, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the drug into the air.

[0334] Aspect 10a. The heating chamber of Aspect 9a, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber to form an aerosolized drug.

[0335] Aspect 11a. The heating chamber of Aspect 10a, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient.

[0336] Aspect 12a. The heating chamber of Aspect 8a or 11a, wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0337] Aspect 13a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-12a, wherein the plurality of heating fins has a combined surface area of 7,000 mm2.

[0338] Aspect 14a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-13a, wherein the plurality of heating fins includes annular heating fins.

[0339] Aspect 15a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-14a, wherein the plurality of heating fins is operable to form an airflow path.

[0340] Aspect 16a. The heating chamber of Aspect 15a, wherein the airflow path allows air to flow coaxially around the heating element.

[0341] Aspect 17a. The heating chamber of Aspect 15a or 16a, wherein the airflow path includes a plurality of levels, each level of the plurality of levels defined by adjacent heating fins of the plurality of heating fins.

[0342] Aspect 18a. The heating chamber of Aspect 17a, wherein each heating fin of the plurality of heating fins includes an opening.

[0343] Aspect 19a. The heating chamber of Aspect 18a, wherein the openings of adjacent heating fins are located on opposite sides of the heating element.

[0344] Aspect 20a. The heating chamber of Aspect 19a, wherein each level of the plurality of levels includes two paths, wherein the two paths diverge at the opening of a bottom heating fin of adjacent heating fins and converge at the opening of a top heating fin of adjacent heating fins.

[0345] Aspect 21a. The heating chamber of Aspect 20a, wherein convergence and / or divergence of the two paths on each level forms the tortuous airflow path.

[0346] Aspect 22a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-21a, wherein the tortuous airflow path allows air to mix along the tortuous airflow path.

[0347] Aspect 23a. The heating chamber of Aspect 22a, wherein mixing of the air allows the air to reach a substantially consistent temperature.

[0348] Aspect 24a. The heating chamber of Aspect 22a or 23a, wherein the air exiting the exit has a substantially consistent temperature.

[0349] Aspect 25a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 17a-24a, wherein the plurality of levels includes at least 4 levels, at least 5 levels, at least 6 levels, or more.

[0350] Aspect 26a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 15a-25a, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 200 mm to about 250 mm.

[0351] Aspect 27a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 15a-26a, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 225 mm to about 245 mm.

[0352] Aspect 28a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 15a-27a, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 230 mm to about 240 mm.

[0353] Aspect 29a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 15a-28a, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 235 mm.

[0354] Aspect 30a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-29a, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 70 mm to about 100 mm.

[0355] Aspect 31a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-30a, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 75 mm to about 95 mm.

[0356] Aspect 32a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-31a, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 80 mm to about 90 mm.

[0357] Aspect 33a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-32a, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 87 mm.

[0358] Aspect 34a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-32a, wherein the heating chamber without connecting the inlet has a height of about 40 mm to about 70 mm, about 45 mm to about 65 mm, about 50 mm to about 60 mm, or about 54 mm.

[0359] Aspect 35a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-34a, wherein the heating chamber has a cylindrical shape.

[0360] Aspect 36a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-35a, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 20 mm to about 40 mm.

[0361] Aspect 37a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-36a, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 25 mm to about 35 mm.

[0362] Aspect 38a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-37a, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 30 mm to about 35 mm.

[0363] Aspect 39a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-38a, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 32 mm.

[0364] Aspect 40a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-39a, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 40 grams to about 80 grams.

[0365] Aspect 41a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-40a, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 50 grams to about 70 grams.

[0366] Aspect 42a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-41a, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 50 grams to about 60 grams.

[0367] Aspect 43a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-42a, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 57 grams.

[0368] Aspect 44a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-43a, wherein the heating chamber without the inlet connected has a weight of about 30 grams to about 70 grams, about 40 grams to about 60 grams, about 45 grams to about 55 grams, about 47 grams to about 52 grams, or about 50 grams.

[0369] Aspect 45a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-44a, further comprising a concave surface operable to prevent liquid caused by melting of the drug from contacting the plurality of heating fins and / or the heating element.

[0370] Aspect 46a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-45a, wherein the heating element is a 70 watt heating element.

[0371] Aspect 47a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-46a, further comprising a threaded connection configured to receive a temperature sensor, wherein the threaded connection is located on an exterior of the heating chamber and between the plurality of heating fins and an opening of the exit.

[0372] Aspect 48a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-47a, wherein the lip has a tapered surface.

[0373] Aspect 49a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-48a, wherein the heating element is further operable to heat the lip.

[0374] Aspect 50a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-49a, wherein the pad is thermally conductive.

[0375] Aspect 51a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-50a, wherein the lip is operable to provide heat to the drug.

[0376] Aspect 52a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 48a-51a, wherein the tapered surface is operable to interface with a drug cartridge holding the pad.

[0377] Aspect 53a. The heating chamber of Aspect 52a, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the lip, thereby heating the drug cartridge and the pad.

[0378] Aspect 54a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 48a-53a, wherein the tapered surface includes a taper of about 45 degrees from the column.

[0379] Aspect 55a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-54a, wherein the heating element comprises aluminum.

[0380] Aspect 56a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-55a, wherein the plurality of heating fins comprises aluminum.

[0381] Aspect 57a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-56a, wherein one or more walls of the heating chamber comprise aluminum.

[0382] Aspect 58a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 55a-57a, wherein the aluminum is operable to heat to a selected temperature within about 5 minutes.

[0383] Aspect 59a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-58a, wherein the plurality of heating fins is operable to mix the air such that the air is heated to a substantially consistent temperature.

[0384] Aspect 60a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-59a, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the plurality of heating fins to about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius, while consuming 90 watts or less of power.

[0385] Aspect 61a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1a-60a, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the plurality of heating fins to about 235 degrees Celsius, while consuming 90 watts or less of power.

[0386] Aspect 62a. The heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 a-61 a, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0387] Aspect 63a. The heating chamber of Aspect 1a, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in aholding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0388] Aspect 64a. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising an air pump and the heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 a-61 a.

[0389] Aspect 65a. The vaporizer of Aspect 64a, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0390] Aspect 66a. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising a controller including one or more processors; and an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller; and the heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 a-61 a.

[0391] Aspect 67a. The vaporizer of Aspect 66a, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0392] Aspect 68a. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising a controller including one or more processors; an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller; an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; and the heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 a-61 a.

[0393] Aspect 69a. The vaporizer of Aspect 68a, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0394] Aspect 70a. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising an air pump; an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; and the heating chamber of any one of Aspects 1 a-61 a.

[0395] Aspect 71a. The vaporizer of Aspect 70a, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0396] Aspect 72a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 64a, 66a, 68a, or 70a, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug hasoptimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0397] Aspect 73a. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising a controller including one or more processors; an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller; an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; and a heating chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump, wherein the heating chamber comprises: a column having an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side; an inlet coupled to the inlet side and operable to receive pumped air from the air pump; a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side, wherein an inlet exit is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins; a heating element mounted in a middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; and an exit on the exit side, wherein the exit includes a lip, wherein the plurality of heating fins forms a tortuous airflow path.

[0398] Aspect 74a. The vaporizer of Aspect 73a, further comprising a pressure switch in communication with the expansion chamber.

[0399] Aspect 75a. The vaporizer of Aspect 74a, wherein the pressure switch is operable to measure a pressure within an air flow path of the heating chamber.

[0400] Aspect 76a. The vaporizer of Aspect 75a, further comprising a temperature sensor in communication with the heating chamber, wherein the temperature sensor is operable to monitor a temperature of the air flowing through the heating chamber.

[0401] Aspect 77a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73a-76a, further comprising an air filter and a silencer fluidically coupled to the air pump.

[0402] Aspect 78a. The vaporizer of Aspect 77a, wherein the air filter is operable to filter the air entering the vaporizer from an external environment.

[0403] Aspect 79a. The vaporizer of Aspect 77a or 78a, wherein the silencer is operable to reduce noise generated by the vaporizer.

[0404] Aspect 80a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 77a-79a, further comprising an air inlet, wherein the air flows through the air inlet, the air filter, and the silencer to the air pump.

[0405] Aspect 81 a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73a-80a, wherein the expansion chamber is operable to provide a consistent air flow rate.

[0406] Aspect 82a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73a-81 a, wherein the expansion chamber is downstream from an outlet of the air pump.

[0407] Aspect 83a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73a-82a, wherein the expansion chamber is operable to reduce pulsing in a flow of the air caused by the air pump.

[0408] Aspect 84a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73a-83a, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0409] Aspect 85a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 73a-84a, wherein the lip includes a tapered surface.

[0410] Aspect 86a. The vaporizer of Aspect 85a, wherein the tapered surface is operable to interface with a drug cartridge enclosing the pad.

[0411] Aspect 87a. The vaporizer of Aspect 86a, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the lip.

[0412] Aspect 88a. The vaporizer of Aspect 87a, wherein the lip is operable to provide conductive heating to the drug cartridge, thereby providing heat to the pad.

[0413] Aspect 89a. The vaporizer of Aspect 73a, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition and systemic absorption via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0414] Aspect 90a. A method for aerosolizing a drug for delivery to a patient, the method comprising providing a flow of air to a heating chamber; heating the flow of air to a temperature of about 235 degrees Celsius; heating a lip of the heating chamber, the lip in communication with a drug cartridge containing the drug; and providing the flow of air tothe drug cartridge, thereby heating the drug and forming a vaporized drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools, thereby forming an aerosolized drug.

[0415] Aspect 91a. The method of Aspect 90a, further comprising pre-heating the heating chamber prior to providing the flow of air.

[0416] Aspect 92a. The method of Aspect 90a, further comprising pre-heating the heating chamber prior to attaching the drug cartridge to the heating chamber.

[0417] Aspect 93a. The method of any one of Aspects 90a-92a, wherein the flow of air is provided to the heating chamber by an air pump.

[0418] Aspect 94a. The method of any one of Aspects 90a-93a, wherein the flow of air has a flow rate of about 7 L / min.

[0419] Aspect 95a. The method of any one of Aspects 90a-94a, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient.

[0420] Aspect 96a. The method of Aspect 95a, wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, drug residuals on a pad holding the drug of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0421] Aspect 97a. The method of any one of Aspects 90a-96a, further comprising providing the aerosolized drug to a holding chamber fluidically coupled to the heating chamber.

[0422] Aspect 98a. The method of Aspect 97a, further comprising removing the holding chamber from the heating chamber.

[0423] Aspect 99a. The method of Aspect 98a, further comprising administering the aerosolized drug to the patient via a mouthpiece attached to the holding chamber.

[0424] Aspect 100a. The method of any one of Aspects 90a-99a, wherein the heating chamber comprises a heating element and a plurality of fins thermally coupled to the heating element.

[0425] Aspect 101a. The method of any one of Aspects 90a-100a, wherein heating the flow of air comprises flowing the air through a plurality of fins heated to the temperature.

[0426] Aspect 102a. The method of any one of Aspects 90a-101a, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

[0427] Aspect 103a. The method of Aspect 90a, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flowrate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on a pad holding the dried drug of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

[0428] Aspect 104a. A drug for use as a medicament wherein the drug is aerosolized by the method of any of Aspects 90a-101a and administered to a patient in need thereof.

[0429] Aspect 105a. A drug for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is aerosolized by the method defined in any of Aspects 90a-101a.

[0430] Aspect 106a. A drug for use as a medicament wherein the drug is aerosolized by the heating chamber defined in any of Aspects 1a-61a and administered to a patient in need thereof.

[0431] Aspect 107a. A drug for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is aerosolized by the heating chamber defined in any of Aspects 1a-61a.

[0432] Aspect 108a. A drug for use as a medicament wherein the drug is aerosolized by the vaporizer of any of Aspects 64a, 66a, 68a, 70a, 73a-83a, or 85a-88a and administered to a patient in need thereof.

[0433] Aspect 109a. A drug for use in the treatment of a disease or disorder wherein the treatment comprises administering the drug to a patient in need thereof, wherein the drug is aerosolized by the vaporizer defined in any of Aspects 64a, 66a, 68a, 70a, 73a-83a, or 85a-88a.

[0434] Aspect 110a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-109a, wherein the disease or disorder is a mental disorder or nervous system disorder.

[0435] Aspect 111a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol, entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, mescaline, other phenylalkylamines, other tryptamines (e.g., a tryptamine other than 5-MeO-DMT and N,N-dimethyltryptamine), other ergolines, otherserotonergic compounds, second generation psychedelics, nicotine, pentamidine, and / or opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, and / or naloxone.

[0436] Aspect 112a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-111a, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, cannabinoid, tetrahydrocannabinol, entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, mescaline, other phenylalkylamines, other tryptamines (e.g., a tryptamine other than 5-MeO-DMT and N,N-dimethyltryptamine), other ergolines, other serotonergic compounds, second generation psychedelics, nicotine, pentamidine, and / or opioids such as fentanyl, morphine, and / or naloxone.

[0437] Aspect 113a. The drug for use according to Aspect 112a, wherein the second generation psychedelic is selected from the group consisting of novel tryptamines, for example, bretisilocin, or deuterated tryptamines and non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens, optionally wherein the non-hallucinogenic psychoplastogens is tabernanthalog, / V-dimethylaminoisotryptamine or derivatives thereof.

[0438] Aspect 114a. The drug for use according to Aspect 112a, wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preferably wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) free base.

[0439] Aspect 115a. The drug for use according to Aspect 112a, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and preferably, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) free base.

[0440] Aspect 116a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 105a, 107a, or 109a, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, psychoactive substance abuse, epilepsy, sickness associated with chemotherapy, acute pain, chronic pain, phantom pain, migraine, multiple sclerosis, multiple sclerosis spasms, schizophrenia, insomnia, rheumatoid arthritis, psychosis, HIV-induced anorexia, sleep apnea, alcohol use disorder,suicidal ideation, psychoactive substance use disorder, smoking cessation, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, pleuropneumonitis, parasitic conditions, pneumocystis pneumonia, HIV related dementia, cough, diarrhea, nausea, opioid abuse, seizures and shortness of breath.

[0441] Aspect 117a. The drug for use according to Aspects 112a or 116a, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0442] Aspect 118a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 105a, 107a, or 109a, wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0443] Aspect 119a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0444] Aspect 120a. The drug for use according to Aspect 118a, wherein the drug comprises 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the disease or disorder is major depressive disorder.

[0445] Aspect 121a. The drug for use according to Aspect 119a, wherein the drug is 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the disease or disorder is major depressive disorder.

[0446] Aspect 122a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises a cannabinoid and the disease or disorder is selected from the groupconsisting of epilepsy, sickness associated with chemotherapy, chronic pain, multiple sclerosis spasms, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and insomnia.

[0447] Aspect 123a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is a cannabinoid, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of epilepsy, sickness associated with chemotherapy, chronic pain, multiple sclerosis spasms, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and insomnia.

[0448] Aspect 124a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of HIV-induced anorexia, sickness associated with chemotherapy, chronic pain, sleep apnea and multiple sclerosis.

[0449] Aspect 125a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is a tetrahydrocannabinol, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of HIV-induced anorexia, sickness associated with chemotherapy, chronic pain, sleep apnea and multiple sclerosis.

[0450] Aspect 126a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder.

[0451] Aspect 127a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder.

[0452] Aspect 128a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises ketamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute pain, nausea, suicidal ideation, psychoactive substance use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.

[0453] Aspect 129a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is ketamine, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute pain, nausea, suicidal ideation, drug addiction and posttraumatic stress disorder.

[0454] Aspect 130a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises lysergic acid diethylamide and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of alcohol use disorder, anxiety disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, and phantom pain.

[0455] Aspect 131a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is lysergic acid diethylamide, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of alcohol use disorder, anxiety disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, and phantom pain.

[0456] Aspect 132a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises psilocybin and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, smoking cessation, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder and migraine.

[0457] Aspect 133a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is psilocybin, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, smoking cessation, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychosis, posttraumatic stress disorder and migraine.

[0458] Aspect 134a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, psychoactive substance abuse and Parkinson’s disease.

[0459] Aspect 135a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, psychoactive substance abuse and Parkinson’s disease.

[0460] Aspect 136a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises mescaline or other phenylalkylamines and the disease or disorder isselected from the group consisting of alcohol use disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorder.

[0461] Aspect 137a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is mescaline or other phenylalkylamines and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of alcohol use disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorder.

[0462] Aspect 138a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises a tryptamine other than 5-MeO-DMT, psilocybin or N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder and chronic pain.

[0463] Aspect 139a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is a tryptamine other than 5-MeO-DMT, psilocybin or N,N-dimethyltryptamine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychoactive substance use disorder and chronic pain.

[0464] Aspect 140a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises an ergoline other than lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of migraine, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia.

[0465] Aspect 141a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is an ergoline other than lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of migraine, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia.

[0466] Aspect 142a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises a serotonergic compound and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder.

[0467] Aspect 143a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is a serotonergic compound, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder, chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder.

[0468] Aspect 144a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises nicotine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of smoking cessation, Parkinson’s disease, dementia and preferably Parkinson’s disease and dementia.

[0469] Aspect 145a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is nicotine, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of smoking cessation, Parkinson’s disease and dementia, preferably Parkinson’s disease and dementia.

[0470] Aspect 146a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises pentamidine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of parasitic conditions, pneumocystis pneumonia and HIV related dementia.

[0471] Aspect 147a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is pentamidine and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of parasitic conditions, pneumocystis pneumonia and HIV related dementia.

[0472] Aspect 148a. The drug for use according to Aspect 104a-110a, wherein the parasitic condition is selected from the group consisting of African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and Balamuthia.

[0473] Aspect 149a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises fentanyl, morphine, and / or naloxone and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute pain, chronic pain, shortness of breath, opioid abuse, cough and diarrhea.

[0474] Aspect 150a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is fentanyl, morphine, and / or naloxone and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of acute pain, chronic pain, shortness of breath, opioid abuse, cough and diarrhea.

[0475] Aspect 151a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug comprises a second generation psychedelic, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0476] Aspect 152a. The drug for use according to any of Aspects 104a-110a, wherein the drug is a second generation psychedelic, and the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of postpartum depression, sleep disturbance, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorder and psychoactive substance abuse.

[0477] Aspect 153a. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a drug pad comprising: a controller including one or more processors; an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller; an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; and a heating chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump, wherein the heating chamber comprises: a column having an inlet end and an exit end opposite the inlet end; an inlet coupled to the inlet end and operable to receive pumped air from the air pump; a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit end, wherein the inlet is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins; a heating element mounted centrally within the column along a longitudinal axis of the column, the heating element thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; and an exit on the exit end, wherein the exit includes a lip, wherein the plurality of heating fins forms a tortuous airflow path.

[0478] Aspect 154a. The vaporizer of Aspect 153a, further comprising: a voltage source configured to provide an input voltage to the air pump; and a pulse width modulator in communication with the voltage source and the controller, the pulse width modulator configured to regulate application of the input voltage to the air pump such that a time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump.

[0479] Aspect 155a. The vaporizer of Aspect 154a, wherein the controller comprises one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms configured to control a duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator on the input voltage such that the time-averaged voltage is provided to the air pump.

[0480] Aspect 156a. The vaporizer of Aspect 155a, wherein the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms are configured to adjust the duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator when the input voltage changes such that the time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump.

[0481] Aspect 157a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 154a-156a, wherein the time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump causes the air pump to provide a target airflow rate.

[0482] Aspect 158a. The vaporizer of any one of Aspects 154a-157a, wherein the controller comprises one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms configured to determine the time-averaged voltage necessary for the air pump to supply a target air flow rate based on an ambient pressure.

[0483] Aspect 159a. The vaporizer of Aspect 158a, further comprising one or more pressure sensors configured to measure the ambient pressure and transmit the ambient pressure to the one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms.

[0484] Aspect 160a. The vaporizer of Aspect 158a or 159a, wherein the one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms are configured to adjust the time-averaged voltage based on the ambient pressure such that the air pump supplies the target airflow rate.

[0485] Although a variety of information was used to explain aspects within the scope of the appended claims, no limitation of the claims should be implied based on particular features or arrangements, as one of ordinary skill would be able to derive a wide variety of implementations. Further and although some subject matter may have been described in language specific to structural features and / or method steps, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to these described features or acts. Such functionality can be distributed differently or performed in components other than those identified herein. Rather, the described features and steps are disclosed as possible components of systems and methods within the scope of the appended claims.EmbodimentsThe following list provides embodiments of the invention and forms part of the description. These embodiments can be combined in any compatible combination beyond those expressly stated. The embodiments can also be combined with any compatible feature described herein:1. A heating chamber for heating a drug on a pad comprising:a column having an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side;an inlet coupled to the inlet side and operable to receive pumped air from an air pump;a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side, wherein an inlet exit is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins; a heating element mounted in a middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; andan exit on the exit side, wherein the exit includes a lip,wherein the plurality of heating fins form a tortuous airflow path.2. The heating chamber of embodiment 1, wherein the inlet is an inlet tube that extends from the inlet side in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins.3. The heating chamber of embodiment 2, wherein the inlet tube includes an inlet opening that includes an external barb configuration to receive an inlet hose that is fluidically coupled to the air pump.4. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the heating element consumes 90 watts or less.5. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is 7 L / min.6. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-5, wherein an exit temperature of the air exceeds 200 degrees Celsius.7. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-6, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius.8. The heating chamber of embodiment 7, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the drug such that a subsequently formed aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition.9. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 7-8, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the drug into the air.10. The heating chamber of embodiment 9, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber to form an aerosolized drug.11. The heating chamber of embodiment 10, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient.12. The heating chamber of embodiment 8 or 11 , wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.13. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -12, wherein the plurality of heating fins have a combined surface area of 7,000 mm2.14. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -13, wherein the plurality of heating fins are annular heating fins.15. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -14, wherein the plurality of heating fins are operable to form an airflow path.16. The heating chamber of embodiment 15, wherein the airflow path allows air to flow coaxially around the heating element.17. The heating chamber of embodiment 15 or 16, wherein the airflow path includes a plurality of levels, each level of the plurality of levels defined by adjacent heating fins of the plurality of heating fins.18. The heating chamber of embodiment 17, wherein each heating fin of the plurality of heating fins includes an opening.19. The heating chamber of embodiment 18, wherein the openings of adjacent heating fins are located on opposite sides of the heating element.20. The heating chamber of embodiment 19, wherein each level of the plurality of levels includes two paths, wherein the two paths diverge at the opening of a bottom heating fin of adjacent heating fins and converge at the opening of a top heating fin of adjacent heating fins.21. The heating chamber of embodiment 20, wherein convergence and / or divergence of the two paths on each level forms the tortuous airflow path.22. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-21, wherein the tortuous airflow path allows air to mix along the tortuous airflow path.23. The heating chamber of embodiment 22, wherein mixing of the air allows the air to reach a substantially consistent temperature.24. The heating chamber of embodiment 22 or 23, wherein the air exiting the exit has a substantially consistent temperature.25. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 17-24, wherein the plurality of levels include at least 4 levels, at least 5 levels, at least 6 levels, or more.26. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 15-25, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 200 mm to about 250 mm.27. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 15-26, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 225 mm to about 245 mm.28. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 15-27, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 230 mm to about 240 mm.29. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 15-28, wherein the airflow path has a linear distance of about 235 mm.30. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -29, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 70 mm to about 100 mm.31. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -30, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 75 mm to about 95 mm.32. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -31 , wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 80 mm to about 90 mm.33. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -32, wherein the heating chamber has a height of about 87 mm.34. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -32, wherein the heating chamber without connecting the inlet has a height of about 40 mm to about 70 mm, about 45 mm to about 65 mm, about 50 mm to about 60 mm, or about 54 mm.35. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -34, wherein the heating chamber has a cylindrical shape.36. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -35, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 20 mm to about 40 mm.37. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -36, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 25 mm to about 35 mm.38. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -37, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 30 mm to about 35 mm.39. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -38, wherein the heating chamber has a diameter of about 32 mm.40. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -39, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 40 grams to about 80 grams.41. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -40, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 50 grams to about 70 grams.42. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -41 , wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 50 grams to about 60 grams.43. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -42, wherein the heating chamber has a weight of about 57 grams.44. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -43, wherein the heating chamber without the inlet connected has a weight of about 30 grams to about 70 grams, about 40 grams to about 60 grams, about 45 grams to about 55 grams, about 47 grams to about 52 grams, or about 50 grams.45. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-44, further comprising a concave surface operable to prevent liquid caused by melting of the drug from contacting the plurality of heating fins and / or the heating element.46. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-45, wherein the heating element is a 70 watt heating element.47. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -46, further comprising a threaded connection configured to receive a temperature sensor, wherein the threaded connection is located on an exterior of the heating chamber and between the plurality of heating fins and an opening of the exit.48. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -47, wherein the lip has a tapered surface.49. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-48, wherein the heating element is further operable to heat the lip.50. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-49, wherein the pad is thermally conductive.51. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-50, wherein the lip is operable to provide heat to the drug.52. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 48-51 , wherein the tapered surface is operable to interface with a drug cartridge holding the pad.53. The heating chamber of embodiment 52, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the lip, thereby heating the drug cartridge and the pad.54. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 48-53, wherein the tapered surface includes a taper of about 45 degrees from the column.55. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-54, wherein the heating element comprises aluminum.56. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-55, wherein the plurality of heating fins comprise aluminum.57. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-56, wherein one or more walls of the heating chamber comprise aluminum.58. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 55-57, wherein the aluminum is operable to heat to a selected temperature within about 5 minutes.59. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-58, wherein the plurality of heating fins are operable to mix the air such that the air is heated to a substantially consistent temperature.60. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-59, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the plurality of heating fins to about 230 degrees Celsius to about 240 degrees Celsius, while consuming 90 watts or less of power.61. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -60, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the plurality of heating fins to about 235 degrees Celsius, while consuming 90 watts or less of power.62. The heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1-61, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.63. The heating chamber of embodiment 1 , wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 1 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.64. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:an air pump; andthe heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -61.65. The vaporizer of embodiment 64, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.66. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:a controller including one or more processors;an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller; andthe heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -61.67. The vaporizer of embodiment 66, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.68. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:a controller including one or more processors;an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller;an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; andthe heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -61.69. The vaporizer of embodiment 68, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.70. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:an air pump;an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; andthe heating chamber of any one of embodiments 1 -61.71. The vaporizer of embodiment 70, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.72. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 64, 66, 68, or 70, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.73. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:a controller including one or more processors;an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller;an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; anda heating chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump, wherein the heating chamber comprises:a column having an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side; an inlet coupled to the inlet side and operable to receive pumped air from the air pump;a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side, wherein an inlet exit is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins;a heating element mounted in a middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; andan exit on the exit side, wherein the exit includes a lip,wherein the plurality of heating fins form a tortuous airflow path.74. The vaporizer of embodiment 73, further comprising a pressure switch in communication with the expansion chamber.75. The vaporizer of embodiment 74, wherein the pressure switch is operable to measure a pressure within an air flow path of the heating chamber.76. The vaporizer of embodiment 75, further comprising a temperature sensor in communication with the heating chamber, wherein the temperature sensor is operable to monitor a temperature of the air flowing through the heating chamber.77. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 73-76, further comprising an air filter and a silencer fluidically coupled to the air pump.78. The vaporizer of embodiment 77, wherein the air filter is operable to filter the air entering the vaporizer from an external environment.79. The vaporizer of embodiment 77 or 78, wherein the silencer is operable to reduce noise generated by the vaporizer.80. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 77-79, further comprising an air inlet, wherein the air flows through the air inlet, the air filter, and the silencer to the air pump.81. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 73-80, wherein the expansion chamber is operable to provide a consistent air flow rate.82. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 73-81 , wherein the expansion chamber is downstream from an outlet of the air pump.83. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 73-82, wherein the expansion chamber is operable to reduce pulsing in a flow of the air caused by the air pump.84. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 73-83, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.85. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 73-84, wherein the lip includes a tapered surface.86. The vaporizer of embodiment 85, wherein the tapered surface is operable to interface with a drug cartridge enclosing the pad.87. The vaporizer of embodiment 86, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the lip.88. The vaporizer of embodiment 87, wherein the lip is operable to provide conductive heating to the drug cartridge, thereby providing heat to the pad.89. The vaporizer of embodiment 73, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 1pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.90. A method for aerosolizing a drug for delivery to a patient, the method comprising:providing a flow of air to a heating chamber;heating the flow of air to a temperature of about 235 degrees Celsius;heating a lip of the heating chamber, the lip in communication with a drug cartridge containing the drug; andproviding the flow of air to the drug cartridge, thereby heating the drug and forming a vaporized drug,wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools, thereby forming an aerosolized drug.91. The method of embodiment 90, further comprising pre-heating the heating chamber prior to providing the flow of air.92. The method of embodiment 90, further comprising pre-heating the heating chamber prior to attaching the drug cartridge to the heating chamber.93. The method of any one of embodiments 90-92, wherein the flow of air is provided to the heating chamber by an air pump.94. The method of any one of embodiments 90-93, wherein the flow of air has a flow rate of about 7 L / min.95. The method of any one of embodiments 90-94, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient.96. The method of embodiment 95, wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 1 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, drug residuals on a pad holding the drug of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.97. The method of any one of embodiments 90-96, further comprising providing the aerosolized drug to a holding chamber fluidically coupled to the heating chamber.98. The method of embodiment 97, further comprising removing the holding chamber from the heating chamber.99. The method of embodiment 98, further comprising administering the aerosolized drug to the patient via a mouthpiece attached to the holding chamber.100. The method of any one of embodiments 90-99, wherein the heating chamber comprises a heating element and a plurality of fins thermally coupled to the heating element.101. The method of any one of embodiments 90-100, wherein heating the flow of air comprises flowing the air through a plurality of fins heated to the temperature.102. The method of any one of embodiments 90-101, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.103. The method of embodiment 90, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 1 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on a pad holding the dried drug of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.104. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:a controller including one or more processors;an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller;an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; anda heating chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump, wherein the heating chamber comprises:a column having an inlet end and an exit end opposite the inlet end;an inlet coupled to the inlet end and operable to receive pumped air from the air pump;a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet end to the exit end, wherein the inlet is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins;a heating element mounted centrally within the column along a longitudinal axis of the column, the heating element thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; andan exit on the exit end, wherein the exit includes a lip,wherein the plurality of heating fins forms a tortuous airflow path.105. The vaporizer of embodiment 104, further comprising:a voltage source configured to provide an input voltage to the air pump; anda pulse width modulator in communication with the voltage source and the controller, the pulse width modulator configured to regulate application of the input voltage to the air pump such that a time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump.106. The vaporizer of embodiment 105, wherein the controller comprises one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms configured to control a duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator on the input voltage such that the time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump.107. The vaporizer of embodiment 106, wherein the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms are configured to adjust the duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator when the input voltage changes such that the time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump.108. The vaporizer of any one of embodiments 105-107, wherein the time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump causes the air pump to provide a target air flow rate.109. The vaporizer of embodiment 105, wherein the controller comprises one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms configured to determine the time-averagedvoltage necessary for the air pump to supply a target air flow rate based on an ambient pressure.110. The vaporizer of embodiment 109, further comprising one or more pressure sensors configured to measure the ambient pressure and transmit the ambient pressure to the one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms.111. The vaporizer of embodiment 109 or 110, wherein the one or more ambient pressure compensation mechanisms are configured to adjust the time-averaged voltage based on the ambient pressure such that the air pump supplies the target air flow rate.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A heating chamber for heating a drug on a pad comprising:a column having an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side;an inlet coupled to the inlet side and operable to receive pumped air from an air pump;a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side, wherein an inlet exit is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins; a heating element mounted in a middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; andan exit on the exit side, wherein the exit includes a lip,wherein the plurality of heating fins forms a tortuous airflow path.

2. The heating chamber of claim 1 , wherein the inlet is an inlet tube that extends from the inlet side in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins.

3. The heating chamber of claim 2, wherein the inlet tube includes an inlet opening that includes an external barb configuration to receive an inlet hose that is fluidically coupled to the air pump.

4. The heating chamber of any one of claims 1 -3, wherein the heating element consumes 90 watts or less.

5. The heating chamber of any one of claims 1 -4, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is 7 L / min.

6. The heating chamber of any one of claims 1-5, wherein an exit temperature of the air exceeds 200 degrees Celsius.

7. The heating chamber of any one of claims 1-6, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius.

8. The heating chamber of claim 7, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the drug such that a subsequently formed aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition.

9. The heating chamber of any one of claims 7-8, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the drug into the air.

10. The heating chamber of claim 9, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber to form an aerosolized drug.

11. The heating chamber of claim 10, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient.

12. The heating chamber of claim 8 or 11 , wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

13. The heating chamber of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the plurality of heating fins has a combined surface area of 7,000 mm2.

14. The heating chamber of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the plurality of heating fins includes annular heating fins.

15. The heating chamber of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the plurality of heating fins is operable to form an airflow path.

16. The heating chamber of claim 15, wherein the airflow path includes a plurality of levels, each level of the plurality of levels defined by adjacent heating fins of the plurality of heating fins.

17. The heating chamber of claim 16, wherein each heating fin of the plurality of heating fins includes an opening.

18. The heating chamber of claim 17, wherein the openings of adjacent heating fins are located on opposite sides of the heating element.

19. The heating chamber of claim 18, wherein each level of the plurality of levels includes two paths, wherein the two paths diverge at the opening of a bottom heating fin of adjacent heating fins and converge at the opening of a top heating fin of adjacent heating fins.

20. The heating chamber of any one of claims 1 -19, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

21. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:an air pump; andthe heating chamber of any one of claims 1 -19.

22. The vaporizer of claim 21, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

23. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:a controller including one or more processors;an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller;an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; anda heating chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump, wherein the heating chamber comprises:a column having an inlet side and an exit side opposite the inlet side; an inlet coupled to the inlet side and operable to receive pumped air from the air pump;a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet to the exit side, wherein an inlet exit is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins;a heating element mounted in a middle of the column and thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; andan exit on the exit side, wherein the exit includes a lip,wherein the plurality of heating fins forms a tortuous airflow path.

24. The vaporizer of claim 23, further comprising a pressure switch in communication with the expansion chamber.

25. The vaporizer of claim 24, wherein the pressure switch is operable to measure a pressure within an air flow path of the heating chamber.

26. The vaporizer of claim 25, further comprising a temperature sensor in communication with the heating chamber, wherein the temperature sensor is operable to monitor a temperature of the air flowing through the heating chamber.

27. The vaporizer of any one of claims 23-26, further comprising an air filter and a silencer flu idical ly coupled to the air pump.

28. The vaporizer of claim 27, wherein the air filter is operable to filter the air entering the vaporizer from an external environment.

29. The vaporizer of claim 27 or 28, wherein the silencer is operable to reduce noise generated by the vaporizer.

30. The vaporizer of any one of claims 27-29, further comprising an air inlet, wherein the air flows through the air inlet, the air filter, and the silencer to the air pump.The vaporizer of any one of claims 23-30, wherein the expansion chamber is operable to provide a consistent air flow rate.The vaporizer of any one of claims 23-31, wherein the expansion chamber is downstream from an outlet of the air pump.The vaporizer of any one of claims 23-32, wherein the expansion chamber is operable to reduce pulsing in a flow of the air caused by the air pump.

34. The vaporizer of any one of claims 23-33, wherein the drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.

35. The vaporizer of any one of claims 23-34, wherein the lip includes a tapered surface.

36. The vaporizer of claim 35, wherein the tapered surface is operable to interface with a drug cartridge enclosing the pad.

37. The vaporizer of claim 36, wherein the heating element is operable to heat the lip.

38. The vaporizer of claim 37, wherein the lip is operable to provide conductive heating to the drug cartridge, thereby providing heat to the pad.

39. The vaporizer of claim 23, wherein the drug is a dried drug, wherein the dried drug includes 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, wherein a volumetric flow rate of the air is about 7 L / min, wherein an exit temperature of the air is about 235 degrees Celsius, wherein the exit temperature of the air is operable to vaporize the dried drug, wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools upon exiting the heating chamber, thereby forming an aerosolized drug, wherein the aerosolized drug is collected in a holding chamber, wherein the aerosolized drug has optimal properties for deep lung deposition via inhalation by a patient, and wherein the optimal properties include a MMAD of less than or equal to 3 pm, an FPF of at least 90%, dried drug residuals on the pad of less than 10%, and a geometric standard deviation of less than 3.

40. A method for aerosolizing a drug for delivery to a patient, the method comprising:providing a flow of air to a heating chamber;heating the flow of air to a temperature of about 235 degrees Celsius;heating a lip of the heating chamber, the lip in communication with a drug cartridge containing the drug; andproviding the flow of air to the drug cartridge, thereby heating the drug and forming a vaporized drug,wherein the vaporized drug subsequently cools, thereby forming an aerosolized drug.

41. A vaporizer for heating a drug on a pad comprising:a controller including one or more processors;an air pump communicatively coupled to the controller;an expansion chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump; anda heating chamber fluidically coupled to the air pump, wherein the heating chamber comprises:a column having an inlet end and an exit end opposite the inlet end; an inlet coupled to the inlet end and operable to receive pumped air from the air pump;a plurality of heating fins configured to allow air to flow from the inlet end to the exit end, wherein the inlet is substantially perpendicular to the plurality of heating fins;a heating element mounted centrally within the column along a longitudinal axis of the column, the heating element thermally coupled to the plurality of heating fins; andan exit on the exit end, wherein the exit includes a lip,wherein the plurality of heating fins forms a tortuous airflow path.

42. The vaporizer of claim 41 , further comprising:a voltage source configured to provide an input voltage to the air pump; anda pulse width modulator in communication with the voltage source and the controller, the pulse width modulator configured to regulate application of the input voltage to the air pump such that a time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump.

43. The vaporizer of claim 42, wherein the controller comprises one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms configured to control a duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulator on the input voltage such that the time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump.

44. The vaporizer of claim 43, wherein the one or more input voltage compensation mechanisms are configured to adjust the duty cycle imposed by the pulse width modulatorwhen the input voltage changes such that the time-averaged voltage is supplied to the air pump.

45. The vaporizer of any one of claims 42-44, wherein the time-averaged voltage supplied to the air pump causes the air pump to provide a target air flow rate.

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