Image display panel and image display device

Abstract

Provided is an image display panel capable of suppressing interference color as well as image glare. More specifically, an image display panel has a display element and an optical film, wherein the optical film is arranged on the light emitting surface side of the display element, the optical film has a first liquid crystal layer, and the first liquid crystal layer has a Schlieren region in a plane. When the pixel pitch of the display element is defined as P (μm) and the average size of a dark field region of the Schlieren region when the optical film is observed with a crossed Nicols polarization microscope is defined as D (μm2), D1 / 2 / P is 0.11 or less.

Description

Image display panel and image display device

[0001] This disclosure relates to an image display panel and an image display device.

[0002] Optical films are used in image display devices. Optical films for image display devices are preferably those with excellent mechanical strength. Therefore, stretched plastic films are preferred as the substrate for optical films used in image display devices.

[0003] Stretched plastic films have good mechanical strength, but birefringence causes in-plane phase difference. It is known that when a plastic film with an in-plane phase difference exceeding a predetermined value is applied to an image display device equipped with a polarizer, monochromatic or rainbow-like interference colors are produced. These interference colors are easily visible when viewing the image with polarized sunglasses. They can also be seen with the naked eye.

[0004] To suppress interference colors in image display devices, techniques have been proposed to adjust the in-plane phase difference of the substrate of an optical film (Patent Documents 1-2).

[0005] International Publication No. 2013 / 080949, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-32819

[0006] Patent Document 1 suppresses interference colors by increasing the in-plane phase difference of the substrate of the optical film in an image display device to 3000 nm or more. However, methods that increase the in-plane phase difference of the substrate as in Patent Document 1 require increasing the thickness of the substrate, making it impossible to make the image display device thinner. In addition, with optical films that increase the in-plane phase difference of the substrate as in Patent Document 1, interference colors are more likely to occur when the emission spectrum of the display element becomes sharp.

[0007] Patent Document 2, conversely to Patent Document 1, is a technique for suppressing interference colors by reducing the in-plane phase difference of the substrate of the optical film in an image display device. However, while methods for reducing the in-plane phase difference of the substrate, as in Patent Document 2, can make interference colors difficult to see with the naked eye, monochromatic interference colors may still be visible when viewed through polarized sunglasses. As described above, conventional image display devices have had difficulty suppressing interference colors caused by the in-plane phase difference of the optical film.

[0008] The inventors investigated means of suppressing interference colors in image display devices. As a result, they found that an optical film equipped with a liquid crystal layer having Schlieren regions in its surface is good at suppressing interference colors in image display devices. However, when an optical film equipped with a liquid crystal layer having Schlieren regions in its surface is applied to an image display device, glare sometimes occurs. Glare is a phenomenon in which the brightness of the image display device becomes locally high, making it visible as bright spots.

[0009] The inventors conducted further studies and found that image glare can be suppressed by setting a specific relationship between the pixel pitch of the display element and the size of the Schlieren region. Based on this, the inventors completed the image display panel and image display device disclosed herein.

[0010] This disclosure provides the following image display panel and image display device: <1> An image display panel having a display element and an optical film, wherein the optical film is disposed on the light-emitting surface side of the display element, the optical film has a first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer has a Schlieren region in its surface, the pixel pitch of the display element is defined as P (μm), and the average size of the dark-field region of the Schlieren region when the optical film is observed with a crossed nicol polarizing microscope is D (μm). ２ When defined as, D １／２ An image display panel in which / P is 0.11 or less. <2> An image display device including the image display panel described in <1>.

[0011] The image display panel and image display device disclosed herein can suppress interference colors and image glare.

[0012] This is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of an optical film used in an image display device of the present disclosure. This is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of an image display panel of the present disclosure. This is a polarized light microscope image of one embodiment of a Schlieren region. This is a schematic diagram showing the spatial distribution pattern of liquid crystal molecules in the principal axis direction in a Schlieren region. This is a schematic diagram illustrating a singularity in the first liquid crystal layer.

[0013] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. [Image Display Panel] The image display panel of the present disclosure is as follows: An image display panel having a display element and an optical film, wherein the optical film is disposed on the light-emitting surface side of the display element, the optical film has a first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer has a Schlieren region in its surface, the pixel pitch of the display element is defined as P (μm), and the average size of the dark-field region of the Schlieren region when the optical film is observed with a crossed-nicol polarizing microscope is D (μm). ２ When defined as, D １／２ An image display panel where / P is 0.11 or less.

[0014] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the image display panel 100 of the present disclosure. In the image display panel 100 of Figure 2, an optical film 10 is laminated on the light-emitting surface of the display element 20. If the optical film 10 has a substrate, the substrate-side surface may face the display element side, or the first liquid crystal layer-side surface may face the display element side.

[0015] The image display panel may have a polarizer between the display element and the optical film. While having a polarizer between the display element and the optical film can easily generate interference colors, using the optical film described later can help suppress these interference colors. When the display element is a liquid crystal display element, typically a viewing-side polarizer is placed between the display element and the optical film, and a back-side polarizer is placed on the light-incident surface side of the display element.

[0016] A general-purpose polarizer can be used. Examples of polarizers include sheet-type polarizers such as polyvinyl alcohol film, polyvinyl formal film, polyvinyl acetal film, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified film dyed with iodine or the like and stretched; wire grid-type polarizers consisting of numerous parallel metal wires; coated polarizers coated with lyotropic liquid crystal or dichroic guest-host material; and multilayer thin-film polarizers. These polarizers may also be reflective polarizers that have the function of reflecting the polarization component that does not transmit. The polarizer may have a protective film on one or both sides. An optical film may be used as the protective film.

[0017] <Display Elements> Examples of display elements include liquid crystal display elements, EL display elements (organic EL display elements, inorganic EL display elements), plasma display elements, and LED display elements such as micro LED display elements. These display elements may have a touch panel function inside the display element. Examples of liquid crystal display methods for liquid crystal display elements include IPS method, VA method, multi-domain method, OCB method, STN method, TSTN method, etc.

[0018] The image display panel of this disclosure requires that the pixel pitch of the display element and the average size of the dark-field area of ​​the Schlieren region of the first liquid crystal layer of the optical film satisfy the relationship described below. The pixel pitch P (μm) of the display element is not limited as long as the above relationship is satisfied. The pixel pitch P (μm) of the display element is preferably 650 μm or less, more preferably 450 μm or less, and even more preferably 350 μm or less in order to improve resolution. The lower limit of the pixel pitch P (μm) of the display element is about 50 μm. In this specification, pixel pitch means the average distance between the centers of adjacent pixels.

[0019] The sharper the emission spectrum of a display element, the more likely interference colors are to occur. The image display panel of this disclosure can suppress interference colors even if the emission spectrum of the display element is sharp, because it includes a predetermined optical film. In this specification, a display element having a sharp emission spectrum means "a display element in which at least one of the full width at half maximum of the R (red) emission spectrum, the G (green) emission spectrum, and the B (blue) emission spectrum is 100 nm or less." Another embodiment of a display element having a sharp emission spectrum is the first display element described below. First display element: A display element in which the full width at half maximum of the R (red) emission spectrum, the G (green) emission spectrum, and the B (blue) emission spectrum are all 100 nm or less.

[0020] <Optical Film> Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of an optical film. The optical film 10 in Figure 1 has a first liquid crystal layer 3 on a substrate 1, and a resin layer 2 between the substrate 1 and the first liquid crystal layer 3. The optical film 10 in Figure 1 also has a functional layer 4 on the side of the substrate 1 opposite to the side with the first liquid crystal layer 3. Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view. That is, the scale of each layer constituting the optical film 10, and the scale of the recess on the first surface are schematic for ease of illustration and differ from the actual scale. The same applies to the other figures.

[0021] In this specification, the in-plane phase difference is expressed by the following formula, where Nx is defined as the refractive index in the direction of the slow axis with the highest refractive index in the plane, Ny is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the plane, Nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction, and d (nm) is the thickness of the layer. In this specification, the phase difference in the thickness direction is expressed by the following formula: In-plane phase difference = (Nx - Ny) × d Phase difference in thickness direction = ((Nx + Ny) / 2 - Nz) × d In this specification, the wavelength of light used as the reference for refractive index and phase difference is 550 nm unless otherwise specified.

[0022] 《Layer Structure of Optical Film》 Examples of layer structures for optical film include the following (1) to (5). In (1) to (5) below, " / " indicates a layer interface. (1) First liquid crystal layer (2) Substrate / First liquid crystal layer (3) Substrate / Resin layer / First liquid crystal layer (4) Functional layer / Substrate / First liquid crystal layer (5) Functional layer / Substrate / Resin layer / First liquid crystal layer

[0023] <First Liquid Crystal Layer> The optical film must have a first liquid crystal layer. A layer in which a Schlieren region is observed can be said to be a liquid crystal layer. In other words, in this specification, "liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region in its plane" and "layer having a Schlieren region in its plane" are synonymous. The first liquid crystal layer must have a Schlieren region in its plane. The liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer are preferably horizontally oriented (homogeneous orientation).

[0024] The Schlieren region is formed horizontally in the first liquid crystal layer, starting from the orientation defect of the liquid crystal molecules, when the first liquid crystal layer contains such defect. "Horizontal direction" refers to the direction parallel to the xy plane in Figure 1.

[0025] Let's further explain the Schlieren region. In the Schlieren region, the principal axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules are generally random within the plane of the first liquid crystal layer. On the other hand, in local regions of the Schlieren region, the principal axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules are locally approximately constant, and these principal axis directions change continuously in the horizontal direction. The principal axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules refers to the slow axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0026] In the Schlieren region, the principal axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is as described above. Therefore, when the Schlieren region is observed with a crossed nicol polarizing microscope, dark-field and bright-field regions are observed as a random pattern. Figure 3 is a polarizing microscope image of an embodiment of the Schlieren region. The dark-field regions are formed starting from the orientation defects. In this specification, an orientation defect in the liquid crystal layer refers to a point where the change in the principal axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules becomes discontinuous, while the principal axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules changes continuously in the horizontal direction. In this specification, an orientation defect in the liquid crystal layer may also be referred to as a "singularity". Figure 5 is an illustrative diagram for explaining a singularity in the first liquid crystal layer. In Figure 5, multiple dark-field regions 31a radiate outward from the singularity 32a, which is an orientation defect. The formation of a Schlieren region starting from a singularity, which is an orientation defect of liquid crystal molecules, is described in the following references 1 and 2. Reference 1: Nehring, J. and Saupe, A., “On the schlieren texture in nematic and smectic liquid crystals”, Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 2, (GBR), 1972, Vol. 68, pp. 1-15, DOI: 10.1039 / F29726800001. Reference 2: T. Ohzono, K. Katoh, C. Wang, A. Fukazawa, S. Yamaguchi and J. Fukuda, “Uncovering different states of topological defects in schlieren textures of a nematic liquid crystal”, Scientific Reports, (DEU), 2017, Vol. 7, Article No. 16814, DOI: 10.1038 / s41598-017-16967-1.

[0027] FIGS. 4(a) to 4(f) are schematic image diagrams schematically showing the spatial distribution patterns of the principal axis directions of liquid crystal molecules in the schlieren region. FIGS. 4(a) to 4(f) do not directly indicate the positions, number and distribution of alignment defects. The alignment defects are identified as regions that always remain dark field regions when the optical film is rotated under a cross-nicol polarization microscope.

[0028] As described above, the Schlieren region is formed when the first liquid crystal layer contains orientation defects of liquid crystal molecules. Also, as described above, in the first liquid crystal layer having the Schlieren region, the principal axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules are generally random within the plane of the first liquid crystal layer. On the other hand, the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer are horizontally oriented (homogeneous orientation). Furthermore, in the local region of the Schlieren region, the principal axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules are locally approximately constant, and these principal axis directions change continuously in the horizontal direction. For this reason, the first liquid crystal layer having the Schlieren region can exhibit a local in-plane phase difference. Also, in the first liquid crystal layer having the Schlieren region, the principal axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules within the plane are generally random. For this reason, polarized light incident on the first liquid crystal layer is emitted from the first liquid crystal layer as linearly polarized light with various polarization directions and / or elliptically polarized light with various azimuthal angles. Thus, the light emitted from the first liquid crystal layer having the Schlieren region contains light with various polarization components. Therefore, the optical film of this disclosure can suppress interference colors even when viewed through polarized sunglasses. Conventional optical films had difficulty suppressing interference colors when the resolution of the display element was high. However, the optical film of this disclosure can suppress interference colors regardless of the resolution of the display element. Conventional optical films sometimes produced strong interference colors or caused the screen to go completely dark depending on the angle of the optical film relative to the absorption axis of the polarizer. The optical film of this disclosure can suppress interference colors and prevent the screen from going completely dark, regardless of the angle of the polarizer relative to the absorption axis. The phenomenon of the screen going completely dark is sometimes referred to as "blackout". Conventionally, a technology has been proposed that combines a λ / 2 phase difference plate and a λ / 4 phase difference plate to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light over a wide wavelength range and suppress blackout. However, this technology required the angles between the polarizer's absorption axis and the λ / 2 phase difference plate's slow phase axis, and between the polarizer's absorption axis and the λ / 4 phase difference plate's slow phase axis, to be within a predetermined range, which resulted in poor yield. Furthermore, while this technology could suppress blackout, it could not suppress interference colors.Furthermore, light passing through the optical film of this disclosure is emitted from the first liquid crystal layer as linearly polarized light with various polarization directions and / or elliptically polarized light with various azimuthal angles. In other words, the light passing through the optical film of this disclosure is close to natural light. Polarized light stimulates specific parts of the human eye, so prolonged exposure to polarized light can easily cause eye fatigue. The optical film of this disclosure can also suppress eye fatigue.

[0029] The above-described effects of the optical film of this disclosure can also be achieved when there is another optical film between the optical film of this disclosure and the display element, and / or on the side of the optical film of this disclosure opposite to the display element. Other optical films include, for example, ordinary optical films that are prone to producing interference colors. For example, even in an image display panel or image display device equipped with an ordinary optical film prone to producing interference colors as a surface protective film, interference colors can be suppressed by including the optical film of this disclosure. In other words, while maintaining the basic configuration of the conventional image display panel or conventional image display device, effects such as suppression of interference colors can be achieved simply by adding the optical film of this disclosure or by changing any one optical film to the optical film of this disclosure. From this point of view as well, the image display panel and image display device of this disclosure are highly convenient and extremely commercially viable.

[0030] As described above, when the Schlieren region is observed with a crossed-nicol polarizing microscope, dark-field and bright-field regions are observed as a random pattern. In the image display panel of this disclosure, the pixel pitch of the display element is defined as P (μm), and the average size of the dark-field region of the Schlieren region when the optical film is observed with a crossed-nicol polarizing microscope is defined as D (μm). ２ When defined as, D １／２ / P must be 0.11 or less. D １／２ D is the length of one side of the square when the dark-field region of the Schlieren region is considered to be a square. Therefore, D １／２ / P being 0.11 or less means that the length of the dark field region in the schlieren region is sufficiently shorter than the pixel pitch of the display element. It can be said that each individual dark field region is a region within the schlieren region where the principal axis direction of liquid crystal molecules is locally substantially constant, and the principal axis direction continuously changes in the horizontal direction. At the boundary between the dark field region and the bright field region, light tends to be refracted. Here, if the length of the dark field region is longer than the pixel pitch of the display element, a lens effect is likely to occur due to light refraction. When the lens effect occurs, bright spots are generated and glare tends to occur. For this reason, D １／２ / P being 0.11 or less makes it difficult for the lens effect to occur, and glare can be easily suppressed.

[0031] To further facilitate glare suppression, D １／２ / P is preferably 0.10 or less, more preferably 0.09 or less, and even more preferably 0.08 or less. D １／２ The lower limit of / P is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.001 or more, and preferably 0.01 or more.

[0032] D １／２ To make / P smaller, D １／２ is desirably made smaller. However, since haze tends to occur at the boundary between the dark field region and the bright field region, D １／２ If the value is too small, haze tends to increase. Also, D １／２ If the value is too large, it becomes difficult to obtain the effect of the schlieren region described above. For this reason, D １／２ is preferably 1.0 μm or more and 30.0 μm or less, more preferably 1.5 μm or more and 25.0 μm or less, still more preferably 1.7 μm or more and 20.0 μm or less, still more preferably 2.0 μm or more and 15.0 μm or less, and even more preferably 3.0 μm or more and 7.0 μm or less. The planar view shape of each individual dark field region in the schlieren region is random, and there is no regularity in how the outline of each individual dark field region extends. For this reason, even when each individual dark field region is large, it is difficult to visually recognize the schlieren region with the naked eye.

[0033] By not exposing the first liquid crystal layer to high temperatures during its formation, the size of the dark-field area can be easily reduced. In other words, by not drying the coating solution for the first liquid crystal layer at low temperatures or heat-treating it at high temperatures after drying, the size of the dark-field area can be easily reduced. Conversely, by exposing the first liquid crystal layer to high temperatures during its formation, the size of the dark-field area can be easily increased. By adding an ionizing radiation-curable compound other than the liquid crystal compound in a predetermined mass ratio or more to the liquid crystal compound as a component of the first liquid crystal layer, the size of the dark-field area can be easily reduced. The higher the wettability of the resin in the resin layer to the liquid crystal of the first liquid crystal layer, the easier it is to increase the size of the dark-field area. Conversely, the lower the wettability of the resin in the resin layer to the liquid crystal of the first liquid crystal layer, the easier it is to reduce the size of the dark-field area.

[0034] The size of the dark-field region is affected by the number of singularities and the number of dark-field regions derived from a single singularity. A small number of singularities per unit area tends to result in larger individual dark-field regions. Conversely, a large number of singularities per unit area tends to result in smaller individual dark-field regions. A small number of dark-field regions derived from a single singularity tends to result in larger individual dark-field regions. Conversely, a large number of dark-field regions derived from a single singularity tends to result in smaller individual dark-field regions. If the first liquid crystal layer contains an ionizing radiation-curable compound other than a liquid crystal compound, the number of singularities and the number of dark-field regions derived from a single singularity tend to increase. The lower the wettability of the resin layer to the liquid crystal of the first liquid crystal layer, the more likely it is that the number of singularities and the number of dark-field regions derived from a single singularity will increase. The higher the drying temperature and heat treatment temperature of the coating solution for the liquid crystal layer, the less likely it is that the number of dark-field regions derived from a single singularity will decrease. The lower the drying temperature and heat treatment temperature of the liquid crystal coating solution, the more likely it is that a single singularity will produce a larger number of dark-field regions (the drying temperature and heat treatment temperature of the liquid crystal coating solution are thought to have a greater influence on the number of dark-field regions produced from a single singularity, but less influence on the number of singularities). As described above, the size of the dark-field regions is influenced by the number of singularities and the number of dark-field regions produced from a single singularity. Furthermore, the number of singularities and the number of dark-field regions produced from a single singularity are influenced by multiple factors such as compounds other than liquid crystal compounds, wettability, and temperature. For this reason, even if the number of singularities (number of orientation defects) is the same, the size of the dark-field regions is not necessarily the same.

[0035] In this specification, the average size of the dark-field area of ​​the first liquid crystal layer is measured by the following procedure B1 to B4. B1: A planar photograph of the optical film is taken with a crossed nicol polarizing microscope. The magnification of the photograph is 500x. The optical film for measurement is rectangular in shape. Let θ (degrees) be the angle between any one side of the rectangular optical film and any direction in the xy plane of the sample mounting stage of the polarizing microscope.

[0036] B2: Remove unnecessary parts from the image acquired in B1, such as scale bars, that are not sample-derived image information. Using the image analysis freeware "ImageJ" developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and its plugin package "Fiji," the image is binarized to make bright areas white and dark areas black according to the following procedure. Furthermore, the average size (area) of the darkfield regions is calculated according to the following procedure. The range for image analysis by binarization will include more than 200 independent darkfield regions. <Procedure> 1. Grayscale conversion: Click "Image," "Type," and "8-bit" in that order to convert to grayscale. 2. Binarization: Click "Image," and then "Adjust." Furthermore, set "Threshold" to "0-100." 3. Area Analysis: Click "Analyze," and in "Analyze Particles," set "Size (pixel-^2)" to "0-Infinity" and "Circularity" to "0.00-1.00." This will allow you to calculate the average number of pixels in the darkfield area. 4. Matching Pixels to Actual Length: Click "Straight," measure the length of the scale bar in the image in pixels, and then calculate the length per pixel. (For example, if a 50 μm scale bar has 100 pixels, the length per pixel is 0.5 μm.) 5. Calculating the Actual Area: Multiply the average number of pixels obtained in "3" by the square of the length per pixel obtained in "4" to calculate the average size (area) of the darkfield area.

[0037] B3: Change the angle between any one side of the rectangular optical film and any direction in the xy plane of the polarizing microscope's sample stand to θ+15°, θ+30°, θ+45°, θ+60°, and θ+75°, and perform the operations in B1 and B2 above, measuring the average size of the dark-field area at each angle. B4: The average size of the dark-field area at six angles is measured by B1 to B3. The average of the average sizes of the six dark-field areas is taken as the average size of the dark-field area of ​​the optical film.

[0038] Preferably, the optical film has an absolute difference of 10.0% or less between the maximum polarization degree, which is the maximum value of the seven polarization degrees P0, P15, P30, P45, P60, P75, and P90, and the minimum polarization degree, which is the minimum value among the seven polarization degrees. <Measurement of Polarization Degree> The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are parallel. A cut sample is made by cutting the optical film into a rectangle. A first sample for measuring the transmittance of parallel nicols is made by placing the cut sample between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The total light transmittance of the first sample is denoted as Tp (%). The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are orthogonal. A second sample for measuring the transmittance of crossed nicols is prepared by placing the cut sample between the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. The total light transmittance of the second sample is denoted as Tc (%). The degree of polarization is calculated using the following formula 1: Degree of polarization (%) = (Tp - Tc) / (Tp + Tc) × 100 (Formula 1) Let n (degrees) be the angle between any one side of the rectangle of the cut sample and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate. The degree of polarization when n is 0 degrees is denoted as P0, when n is 15 degrees as P15, when n is 30 degrees as P30, when n is 45 degrees as P45, when n is 60 degrees as P60, when n is 75 degrees as P75, and when n is 90 degrees as P90.

[0039] In the above measurement of polarization degree, the light incident surface is the surface facing the first polarizer. In the above measurement of polarization degree, the optical film is positioned so that the surface having the first liquid crystal layer faces the first polarizer. If the optical film has a multilayer structure, it should be positioned so that the surface having the first liquid crystal layer faces the first polarizer, with the substrate as the reference. In the above measurement of polarization degree, the polarizer is preferably one with a polarization degree of 99.00% or higher and an average transmittance of 35% or higher, more preferably one with a polarization degree of 99.90% or higher and an average transmittance of 37% or higher, and even more preferably one with a polarization degree of 99.95% or higher and an average transmittance of 40% or higher. Average transmittance means the average of the spectral transmittances at wavelengths of 400 nm to 700 nm. The wavelength interval for measuring spectral transmittance is 5 nm.

[0040] A difference of 10.0% or less in absolute value means that the randomness of the liquid crystal molecules in the plane along the principal axis direction is high in the first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region. Therefore, by setting the difference of 10.0% or less in absolute value, interference colors and blackout can be more easily suppressed. The difference of 7.5% or less in absolute value is more preferable, and 5.0% or less is even more preferable. When forming the first liquid crystal layer, drying at a low temperature makes it easier to increase the randomness of the liquid crystal molecules in the plane along the principal axis direction.

[0041] The maximum polarization degree, which is the maximum value of the seven polarization degrees P0, P15, P30, P45, P60, P75, and P90, is preferably 15.0% or less, more preferably 11.0% or less, and even more preferably 8.0% or less.

[0042] The first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region tends to exhibit better heat resistance, moisture resistance, and light resistance compared to a normal liquid crystal layer oriented in a predetermined pattern. Specifically, in durability tests selected from heat resistance, moisture resistance, and light resistance, or durability tests combining these, the first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region can more easily suppress changes in polarization degree compared to a normal liquid crystal layer. As described above, in the first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region, the principal axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is locally approximately constant in local regions, but overall the principal axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is random. On the other hand, in a normal liquid crystal layer, the principal axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules is regularly oriented in a predetermined pattern. For this reason, the first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region can reduce the degree of instability between liquid crystal molecules compared to a normal liquid crystal layer, and thus can be made more durable. Because the optical film of this disclosure has a first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region, it can be made more durable than conventional optical films having a normal liquid crystal layer.

[0043] The in-plane phase difference of the first liquid crystal layer is preferably 200 nm to 350 nm, more preferably 225 nm to 325 nm, and even more preferably 250 nm to 300 nm. By setting the in-plane phase difference of the first liquid crystal layer to 200 nm or more, it is easier to suppress the decrease in light transmittance when crossed nicols. By setting the in-plane phase difference of the first liquid crystal layer to 350 nm or less, it is easier to suppress the decrease in light transmittance when parallel nicols. By setting the in-plane phase difference of the first liquid crystal layer to 200 nm to 350 nm, the first liquid crystal layer can be made to act as a λ / 2 phase difference plate with respect to the central wavelength range of visible light (400 nm to 700 nm). Therefore, by setting the in-plane phase difference of the first liquid crystal layer to 200 nm to 350 nm, linearly polarized light in the wavelength range of visible light incident on the first liquid crystal layer can be easily emitted as linearly polarized light in various polarization directions. Furthermore, the aforementioned effects can be obtained regardless of the angle between the vibration direction of the incident linearly polarized light and the slow axis of the optical film substrate.

[0044] The first liquid crystal layer may have positive or negative wavelength dispersion. Negative wavelength dispersion is a characteristic in which the in-plane phase difference given to the transmitted light increases as the wavelength of the transmitted light increases. Positive wavelength dispersion is a characteristic in which the in-plane phase difference given to the transmitted light decreases as the wavelength of the transmitted light increases. In this specification, when the in-plane phase difference at a wavelength of 450 nm is defined as Re450 and the in-plane phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm is defined as Re550, the characteristic in which Re450 < Re550 is referred to as negative wavelength dispersion. In this specification, the characteristic in which Re450 ≥ Re550 is referred to as positive wavelength dispersion. It is preferable that the first liquid crystal layer exhibits negative wavelength dispersion. By exhibiting negative wavelength dispersion, it is possible to easily reduce the degree of polarization of the optical film over a wide wavelength range.

[0045] The thickness of the first liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited. Examples of the liquid crystal layer thickness include 0.1 μm to 10 μm.

[0046] The area ratio of the non-Schlieren region to the total area of ​​the first liquid crystal layer is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, more preferably 7% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and more preferably 2% or less. There is no particular lower limit to the area ratio of the non-Schlieren region, but for example, it is 0.05% or more. The region that is always a dark-field region when the optical film is rotated under a crossed-nicols polarizing microscope can be called a non-Schlieren region. The non-Schlieren region corresponds to the singularities described above. The size of each singularity is extremely small, for example, 10 μm. ２The following applies: The number of singularities (non-Schlieren regions) within a 283 μm × 476 μm region is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 100 or more, more preferably 105 or more, more preferably 110 or more, more preferably 130 or more, more preferably 150 or more, more preferably 200 or more, more preferably 300 or more, and more preferably 500 or more. By setting the number of singularities to 50 or more, it is easier to suppress the dark-field region from becoming too large. If the number of singularities is too large, the number of boundaries between the dark-field region and the bright-field region increases, which tends to cause an excessive increase in haze. Therefore, the number of singularities within a 283 μm × 476 μm region is preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 3000 or less, more preferably 2000 or less, more preferably 1000 or less, more preferably 500 or less, and more preferably 300 or less. As mentioned above, the size of the dark-field region is affected by the number of dark-field regions derived from singularities, so the size of the dark-field region is not determined solely by the number of singularities. Furthermore, the interference colors, glare, and haze mentioned above are more easily affected by the size of the dark-field region than by the number of singularities. For this reason, it is more important to adjust the size of the dark-field region than the number of singularities. The technical features of the image display panel of this disclosure are that it controls the size of the dark-field region formed starting from singularities, which are orientation defects, using multiple factors, and that it performs the aforementioned control so that the pixel pitch of the display element and the size of the dark-field region have a specific relationship.

[0047] -Material of the first liquid crystal layer- The first liquid crystal layer is preferably a homogeneously oriented liquid crystal layer. For this reason, the liquid crystal compound of the first liquid crystal layer is preferably a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound.

[0048] The liquid crystal compound is preferably a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound. The rod-shaped liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited, but examples include the compounds shown in (1) to (28), (A-1) to (A-24), and (B-1) to (B-26) below. In order to increase the birefringence of the liquid crystal compound, a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound containing a sulfur atom in the molecule is preferred. The liquid crystal compound may be a compound exhibiting positive wavelength dispersibility or a liquid crystal compound exhibiting negative wavelength dispersibility, but a liquid crystal compound exhibiting negative wavelength dispersibility is preferred. In the case of a compound exhibiting positive wavelength dispersibility, the closer the Re450 / Re550 value is to 1.00, the more preferable it is. Examples of liquid crystal compounds exhibiting negative wavelength dispersibility include the liquid crystal compounds shown in (B-1) to (B-26) below, the liquid crystal compound represented by general formula (1) in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-73712, and the liquid crystal compound represented by general formula (II) in International Publication No. 2017 / 043438.

[0049]

[0050]

[0051]

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061]

[0062]

[0063]

[0064]

[0065]

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] The liquid crystal compound is preferably a polymerizable rod-shaped liquid crystal material. Polymerizable functional groups of the polymerizable rod-shaped liquid crystal material include those that polymerize by the action of ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation such as electron beams, or heat. Specific examples include radical polymerizable functional groups. Radical polymerizable functional groups include functional groups having at least one addition polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated double bond, and more specifically, vinyl groups, acrylate groups (a general term encompassing acryloyl groups, methacryloyl groups, acryloyloxy groups, and methacryloyloxy groups), with or without substituents.

[0069] The birefringence of the liquid crystal compound is preferably 0.10 to 0.30, and more preferably 0.15 to 0.26. A higher birefringence of the liquid crystal compound is preferable because it allows the same optical performance to be obtained even with a thinner first liquid crystal layer. However, as the birefringence of the liquid crystal compound increases, it becomes necessary to add units sensitive to ultraviolet light, such as aromatic rings like benzene rings, to the liquid crystal molecular structure. For this reason, the birefringence of the liquid crystal compound is preferably 0.30 or less.

[0070] The first liquid crystal layer can be formed, for example, by applying a first liquid crystal layer forming solution containing a liquid crystal compound onto a member for forming the first liquid crystal layer, such as a substrate, and then drying and irradiating with ultraviolet light as necessary. As described above, lowering the drying temperature when forming the first liquid crystal layer makes it easier to increase the randomness of the liquid crystal molecules in the plane along the principal axis. The first liquid crystal layer may also be formed on a peelable substrate, and the first liquid crystal layer may be transferred from the peelable substrate to another member for use. Other members include those included in an image display device.

[0071] 《Substrate》 The optical film of this disclosure may have a substrate. Various materials can be used as the material constituting the substrate, but materials with good mechanical properties, optical properties, stability and processability are preferred. Examples of such materials include resins such as acrylic resin, olefin resin, cellulose resin, polyester, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyamideimide, polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, ABS resin, and polyethersulfone; glass; etc., with resin being preferred. In other words, a resin substrate is preferred. Furthermore, a stretched resin substrate is preferred. The stretching may be uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching, but biaxial stretching is preferred as it is easier to obtain good mechanical strength. Among resin substrates, a resin substrate containing one or more resins selected from acrylic resin, olefin resin, cellulose resin, polyester, polycarbonate, polyimide, and polyamideimide is preferred.

[0072] The substrate may be a substrate having an in-plane phase difference. Substrates having an in-plane phase difference are prone to interference colors due to birefringence, but since the optical film of this disclosure has a first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region in its plane, interference colors caused by the in-plane phase difference of the substrate can be suppressed.

[0073] A large in-plane phase difference of the substrate means that the substrate is sufficiently stretched and / or that the thickness of the substrate is not too thin. Therefore, increasing the in-plane phase difference of the substrate makes it easier to increase the mechanical strength of the optical film. Accordingly, the in-plane phase difference of the substrate is preferably 100 nm or more, more preferably 300 nm or more, even more preferably 400 nm or more, and even more preferably 520 nm or more. If the in-plane phase difference of the substrate is too large, the thickness of the substrate tends to increase. Also, if the in-plane phase difference of the substrate is too large, the substrate inevitably becomes uniaxially stretched, which tends to reduce the strength of the substrate. Furthermore, if the in-plane phase difference of the substrate is too large, interference colors can be easily suppressed even without providing a first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region in the plane. Therefore, the in-plane phase difference of the substrate is preferably 15,000 nm or less, more preferably 12,000 nm or less, and even more preferably 10,000 nm or less. The in-plane phase difference of the substrate may be 1000 nm or less, 900 nm or less, or 800 nm or less. The effect of suppressing interference color and blackout by the first liquid crystal layer can be obtained even when the in-plane phase difference of the substrate is 100 nm or less.

[0074] The sharper the emission spectrum of the display element, the more likely interference colors are to occur. The image display panel of this disclosure can suppress interference colors even when the emission spectrum of the display element is sharp, because it includes a predetermined optical film. When the emission spectrum of the display element is sharp, in order to further suppress interference colors, the in-plane phase difference of the substrate of the optical film is preferably 4000 nm or more, more preferably 6000 nm or more, and even more preferably 8000 nm or more.

[0075] In this specification, the in-plane phase difference of the substrate is defined as the average of eight measurements, excluding the upper and lower limits of the ten measured in-plane phase differences. Depending on the area of ​​the substrate, the ten measurements are performed as follows: Substrate area is 2400 cm² ２In the case of a large sample, divide the substrate into three equal parts. Take a 5cm x 5cm sample from the center of the surface of each of the three divided substrates. Measure the in-plane phase difference at a total of 10 locations using the three 5cm x 5cm samples. To ensure that the 10 measurements are not biased towards one sample, take 3 or 4 measurements from each sample. The substrate area is 150cm². ２ Super 2400cm ２ In the following cases, a 5 cm x 5 cm sample is taken from the center of the substrate's surface, and the in-plane phase difference is measured at 10 locations using the sample. ２ More than 150cm ２ In the following cases, select any 10 locations within the surface of the substrate and take measurements. ２ If the measurement is less than 25 cm², select any 10 locations within the surface of the substrate and take the measurement. ２ If the measurement area is less than the specified area, the measurement areas at the 10 points may slightly overlap. However, regardless of the area of ​​the substrate, the centers of the measurement spots at the 10 points must be offset from each other.

[0076] In a laminate having a resin layer and a first liquid crystal layer on a substrate, the in-plane phase difference of the substrate is measured by the following procedure: (1) The surface of the laminate on the side with the first liquid crystal layer is scraped with steel wool to remove the first liquid crystal layer. If the resin layer has a phase difference, the resin layer is also scraped off. (2) A sample is prepared by bonding an adhesive glass having an adhesive layer on glass to the surface from which the first liquid crystal layer, etc., was scraped off. The sample cancels out the external haze on the surface from which the first liquid crystal layer, etc., was scraped off. (3) The in-plane phase difference of the sample is measured using a general-purpose measuring device.

[0077] In the constituent elements shown in this specification, if multiple options are given for both the upper and lower limits of a numerical value, the description shall be limited to an embodiment within a range that combines one selected from the upper limit options and one selected from the lower limit options. As a first example, we will consider the statement, "Parameter B may be A1 or greater, A2 or greater, or A3 or greater. Parameter B may be A4 or less, A5 or less, or A6 or less." In the first example, the numerical range of parameter B may be A1 or greater and A4 or less, A1 or greater and A5 or less, A1 or greater and A6 or less, A2 or greater and A4 or less, A2 or greater and A5 or less, A2 or greater and A6 or less, A3 or greater and A4 or less, A3 or greater and A5 or less, or A3 or greater and A6 or less. As a second example, we will consider the statement, "Parameter C may be A1 or greater and A4 or less, A2 or greater and A5 or less, or A3 or greater and A6 or less." In the second example, the numerical range of parameter C may be A1 or greater and A4 or less, A1 or greater and A5 or less, A1 or greater and A6 or less, A2 or greater and A4 or less, A2 or greater and A5 or less, A2 or greater and A6 or less, A3 or greater and A4 or less, A3 or greater and A5 or less, or A3 or greater and A6 or less. Furthermore, in the case of the average range of the in-plane phase difference of the above substrate, "100 nm to 15000 nm, 100 nm to 12000 nm, 100 nm to 10000 nm, 300 nm to 15000 nm, 300 nm to 12000 nm, 300 nm to 10000 nm, 400 nm to 15000 nm, 400 nm to 12000 nm, 400 nm to 10000 nm, 520 nm to 15000 nm, 520 nm to 12000 nm Embodiments of the following wavelength ranges are described: m or less, 520 nm to 10000 nm, 4000 nm to 15000 nm, 4000 nm to 12000 nm, 4000 nm to 10000 nm, 6000 nm to 15000 nm, 6000 nm to 12000 nm, 6000 nm to 10000 nm, 8000 nm to 15000 nm, 8000 nm to 12000 nm, and 8000 nm to 10000 nm.

[0078] The thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited. Examples of substrate thickness ranges include 5 μm to 1000 μm. The substrate thickness is measured using a general-purpose film thickness measuring instrument. The substrate thickness can be determined by the average value of measurements taken at any 10 points.

[0079] The substrate preferably has a total light transmittance of 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 85% or more, according to JIS K7361-1:1997. The substrate preferably has a haze of 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and even more preferably 3% or less, according to JIS K7136:2000.

[0080] 《Resin Layer》 The optical film of this disclosure may have a resin layer. Preferably, the resin layer is arranged in contact with one surface of the first liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction of the optical film. The resin layer is arranged, for example, between the substrate and the first liquid crystal layer. Having a resin layer makes it easier to form a Schlieren region within the plane of the first liquid crystal layer. After forming the first liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region on the resin layer, the resin layer and the first liquid crystal layer can be peeled off. For this reason, the resin layer is not an essential component of the optical film of this disclosure.

[0081] As described above, the Schlieren region can be said to be a region formed by orientation defects of liquid crystal molecules in the horizontal direction of the first liquid crystal layer. In other words, the resin layer is a layer that facilitates the occurrence of orientation defects in the first liquid crystal layer, and is a different layer from the so-called orientation layer. "Horizontal direction" refers to the direction parallel to the xy plane in Figure 1. Note that if the first liquid crystal layer is formed directly on the substrate without an intervening resin layer, it is difficult to form a Schlieren region within the plane of the first liquid crystal layer because the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer may be oriented along the orientation of the molecules of the substrate, or the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer may become completely random.

[0082] The resin layer is preferably composed mainly of resin. The main component refers to 60% by mass or more of the total solid content constituting the resin layer, preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more. The resin layer may optionally contain additives such as ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers.

[0083] The resin layer preferably contains a resin with high wettability to the liquid crystal of the first liquid crystal layer. As described above, the Schlieren region is a region formed by orientation defects of liquid crystal molecules in the horizontal direction of the first liquid crystal layer, so it is preferable that the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer are oriented horizontally. By including a resin with high wettability to the liquid crystal of the first liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer are more likely to be oriented horizontally, making it easier to form a Schlieren region within the plane of the first liquid crystal layer. On the other hand, in general-purpose horizontal alignment layers, the direction of the liquid crystal molecules is aligned in a specific direction in the horizontal direction, so a Schlieren region cannot be formed.

[0084] Examples of resins for the resin layer include acrylic resin, olefin resin, cellulose resin, polyester, polycarbonate, polyimide, urethane resin, styrene resin, and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. These resins may be used individually or in combination of two or more. The resin in the resin layer may be a resin that has been crosslinked and cured with a curing agent such as an isocyanate-based curing agent or an epoxy-based curing agent. The resin in the resin layer may also be a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable compound.

[0085] It is preferable that the resin layer substantially does not have the effect of orienting liquid crystal molecules in a predetermined direction in order to facilitate the formation of Schlieren regions in the first liquid crystal layer. If the resin layer is formed by applying a coating liquid for a resin layer containing the components constituting the resin layer onto a substrate and drying it, it usually does not substantially have the effect of orienting the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer in a predetermined direction.

[0086] The thickness of the resin layer is not particularly limited. Embodiments of the resin layer thickness range include 0.05 μm to 30 μm, preferably 0.07 μm to 10 μm, more preferably 0.08 μm to 1.00 μm, more preferably 0.10 μm to 0.90 μm, and more preferably 0.15 μm to 0.80 μm.

[0087] <Other Layers> The optical film may have other layers. Examples of other layers include a primer layer and a functional layer to improve the adhesion between the substrate and the resin layer. The primer layer is preferably formed between the substrate and the resin layer. The functional layer is preferably formed on the side of the substrate opposite to the first liquid crystal layer.

[0088] Examples of functional layers include antistatic layers, hard coat layers, anti-glare layers, anti-reflective layers, and adhesive layers.

[0089] The optical film of this disclosure may have a second liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region in its plane as an additional layer. By having a second liquid crystal layer having a Schlieren region in its plane, the polarization degree of the optical film can be made lower over a wider wavelength range, and interference colors can be more easily suppressed. The size and thickness of the dark-field region of the second liquid crystal layer may be the same as or different from that of the first liquid crystal layer. An optical film having a second liquid crystal layer can be manufactured, for example, by the following methods (1) or (2): (1) A transfer film having a resin layer and a second liquid crystal layer in that order on a peelable substrate is made. The second liquid crystal layer of the transfer film is transferred to a laminate having a resin layer and a first liquid crystal layer on a substrate. (2) After forming a resin layer and a first liquid crystal layer on a substrate, a resin layer and a second liquid crystal layer are formed on the first liquid crystal layer.

[0090] 《Optical Properties》 The optical film preferably has a haze of 45.0% or less according to JIS K7136:2000. By setting the haze of the optical film to 45.0% or less, it is easier to suppress image blurring. Image blurring is a phenomenon in which the edges of characters and figures appear blurred, like a watercolor painting. The haze of the optical film is more preferably 35.0% or less, more preferably 30.0% or less, more preferably 25.0% or less, and more preferably 20.0% or less. The lower the haze of the optical film, the easier it is to suppress image blurring even if the pixel pitch of the image display device is small.

[0091] If the haze of the optical film becomes too low, the randomness of the Schlieren region in the first liquid crystal layer tends to decrease. Also, a higher haze of the optical film makes glare less visible. For this reason, the haze of the optical film is preferably 0.5% or more, more preferably 1.0% or more, more preferably 2.0% or more, more preferably 5.0% or more, more preferably 10.0% or more, more preferably 15.0% or more, and more preferably 17.5% or more.

[0092] The haze of an optical film is preferably measured from the center of a 5 cm x 5 cm sample taken from the optical film. If only one sample can be taken from the optical film, it is preferable to measure the haze at the center of the sample and use the obtained value as the haze of the optical film. If two to four samples can be taken from the optical film, it is preferable to measure the haze at the center of each sample and use the average value of each sample as the haze of the optical film. If five or more samples can be taken from the optical film, it is preferable to take five samples. The five samples are preferably taken from the center of the optical film and five locations near the four corners of the optical film. Then, it is preferable to measure the haze at the center of each of the five samples and use the average value of the five samples as the haze of the optical film. The total light transmittance of the optical film is preferably measured according to the haze measurement method described above.

[0093] It is preferable that the relationship between the pixel pitch (P (μm)) of the display element and the haze (%) of the optical film satisfies 2.0 ≤ P / haze. Setting P / haze to 2.0 or higher makes it easier to suppress image blurring. It is preferable that P / haze be 3.5 or higher. There is no particular upper limit to P / haze, but it is preferable to be 200.0 or lower, and more preferably 150.0 or lower.

[0094] The optical film preferably has a total light transmittance of 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more, according to JIS K7361-1:1997. If the optical film has a substrate, the light incident surface when measuring haze and total light transmittance should be the substrate side of the optical film.

[0095] <Other Components> The image display panel may have other components. Examples of other components include other optical films (optical films that do not have a liquid crystal layer with a Schlieren region in their surface), touch panels, and the like.

[0096] Other optical films include anti-glare films, anti-reflective films, and phase difference films. Other optical films may be placed between the display element and the optical film of this disclosure, or on the opposite side of the optical film of this disclosure from the display element. It is preferable to place the touch panel between the display element and the optical film.

[0097] The size of the image display panel is not particularly limited. The maximum diameter of a typical image display panel is between 2 inches and 500 inches. The maximum diameter refers to the maximum length when connecting any two points within the surface of the image display panel.

[0098] [Image Display Device] The image display device of this disclosure includes the image display panel of this disclosure.

[0099] The image display device of the present disclosure is not particularly limited as long as it includes the panel of the present disclosure. Preferably, the image display device of the present disclosure comprises the panel of the present disclosure, a drive control unit electrically connected to the panel, and a housing housing the same. When the display element is a liquid crystal display element, the image display device of the present disclosure requires a backlight. The backlight is positioned on the side opposite to the light-emitting surface of the liquid crystal display element. Either an edge-lit backlight or a direct-lit backlight can be used as the backlight. Examples of backlight sources include LEDs and CCFLs. A backlight using quantum dots can also be used as the backlight.

[0100] The size of an image display device is not particularly limited, but the maximum diameter of the effective display area is generally between 2 inches and 500 inches. The effective display area of ​​an image display device is the area in which an image can be displayed. For example, if an image display device has a housing that surrounds the display element, the area inside the housing becomes the effective display area. The maximum diameter of the effective display area refers to the maximum length when connecting any two points within the effective display area. For example, if the effective display image area is rectangular, the diagonal of that area is the maximum diameter. If the effective display area is circular, the diameter of that area is the maximum diameter.

[0101] This disclosure includes the following <1> to <12>. <1> An image display panel having a display element and an optical film, wherein the optical film is disposed on the light-emitting surface side of the display element, the optical film has a first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer has a Schlieren region in its surface, the pixel pitch of the display element is defined as P (μm), and the average size of the dark-field region of the Schlieren region when the optical film is observed with a crossed nicol polarizing microscope is D (μm). ２ When defined as, D １／２ An image display panel in which / P is 0.11 or less. <2> The image display panel according to <1>, wherein a polarizer is provided between the display element and the optical film. <3> D １／２An image display panel according to <1> or <2>, wherein the thickness is 1.0 μm or more and 30.0 μm or less. <4> An image display panel according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein the optical film further comprises a substrate and has the first liquid crystal layer on the substrate. <5> An image display panel according to <4>, wherein the optical film further comprises a resin layer and has the substrate, the resin layer and the first liquid crystal layer in this order. <6> An image display panel according to <5>, wherein the optical film further comprises a functional layer and has the functional layer, the substrate, the resin layer and the first liquid crystal layer in this order. <7> An image display panel according to any one of <4> to <6>, wherein the substrate has an in-plane phase difference of 100 nm or more and 15000 nm or less. <8> The image display panel according to any one of <4> to <7>, wherein the substrate is a resin substrate containing one or more resins selected from acrylic resin, olefin resin, cellulose resin, polyester, polycarbonate, polyimide, and polyamideimide. <9> The image display panel according to any one of <1> to <8>, wherein the first liquid crystal layer has an in-plane phase difference of 200 nm or more and 350 nm or less. <10> The image display panel according to any one of <1> to <9>, wherein the optical film has a haze of 30.0% or less according to JIS K7136:2000. <11> The image display panel according to any one of <1> to <10>, wherein the optical film is an optical film in which the absolute value of the difference between the maximum polarization degree, which is the maximum value of the seven polarization degrees P0, P15, P30, P45, P60, P75, and P90, and the minimum polarization degree, which is the minimum value among the seven polarization degrees, is 10.0% or less. <Measurement of Polarization Degree> The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are parallel. A cut sample is prepared by cutting the optical film into a rectangle. A first sample for measuring the transmittance of parallel nicols is prepared by placing the cut sample between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The total light transmittance of the first sample is denoted as Tp (%). The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are perpendicular to each other.A second sample for measuring the transmittance of crossed nicols is prepared by placing the cut sample between the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. The total light transmittance of the second sample is denoted as Tc (%). The degree of polarization is calculated using the following formula 1: Degree of polarization (%) = (Tp - Tc) / (Tp + Tc) × 100 (Formula 1) Let n (degrees) be the angle between any one side of the rectangle of the cut sample and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate. The degree of polarization when n is 0 degrees is denoted as P0, when n is 15 degrees as P15, when n is 30 degrees as P30, when n is 45 degrees as P45, when n is 60 degrees as P60, when n is 75 degrees as P75, and when n is 90 degrees as P90. <12> An image display device including an image display panel as described in any of <1> to <11>.

[0102] Next, the present disclosure will be described in more detail by examples, but the present disclosure is not limited in any way by these examples. Unless otherwise specified, "parts" and "%" refer to mass.

[0103] 1. Measurement and Evaluation The following measurements and evaluations were performed on the optical film used in the experimental example and the image display device used in the experimental example. The atmosphere during each measurement and evaluation was set to a temperature of 23±5°C and a relative humidity of 40% to 65%. Before starting each measurement and evaluation, the target sample was exposed to the above atmosphere for 30 to 60 minutes before measurement and evaluation.

[0104] 1-1. In-plane phase difference of substrate The in-plane phase difference of the optical film substrate was measured using the product name "RETS-100" from Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.

[0105] In 1-1 above, the in-plane phase difference was measured using the following procedure (1) to (4). (1) To stabilize the RETS-100 light source, leave it for at least 60 minutes after turning on the light source. Then, select the rotational analyzer method and the one-point mode. (2) Next, input the following measurement conditions into the RETS-100. <Measurement conditions> ・In-plane phase difference measurement range: rotational analyzer method ・Measurement spot diameter: φ5 mm ・Tilt angle range: 0° ・Measurement wavelength range: 400 nm to 800 nm (3) Next, obtain background data without placing a sample in the instrument. The instrument is a closed system, and this is done each time the light source is turned on. (4) After that, place the sample on the stage inside the instrument and perform the measurement. The sample size is 5 cm x 5 cm.

[0106] 1-2. Average size of the dark-field region Following the procedures in B1 to B4 of the main text of the specification, the average size of the dark-field region of the first liquid crystal layer of the optical film used in the experimental example was measured. An Olympus Corporation product name "BX51M" polarizing microscope was used. The imaging conditions for the polarizing microscope were under orthogonal nicols and a magnification of 500x.

[0107] 1-3. For the optical films used in the polarization degree experiment, the absolute value of the difference between the maximum polarization degree, which is the maximum value of seven polarization degrees P0, P15, P30, P45, P60, P75, and P90, and the minimum polarization degree, which is the minimum value among the seven polarization degrees, was measured. The first and second polarizers used had a polarization degree of 99% or higher and an average transmittance of 40% or higher. A haze meter (HM-150, manufactured by Murakami Color Technology Laboratory) was used as the device for measuring the total light transmittance of the first and second samples. The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, "PL1", "PL2", "X1", "X2", "Y1", and "Y2" mean the following values. PL1: Maximum polarization degree (%) PL2: Minimum polarization degree (%) X1: Transmittance at crossed nicols at maximum polarization degree (%) X2: Transmittance at parallel nicols at maximum polarization degree (%) Y1: Transmittance at crossed nicols at minimum polarization degree (%) Y2: Transmittance at parallel nicols at minimum polarization degree (%) <Measurement of polarization degree> The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are parallel. A cut sample is made by cutting the optical film into a rectangle. A first sample for measuring the transmittance at parallel nicols is made by placing the cut sample between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The total light transmittance of the first sample is denoted as Tp (%). The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are orthogonal. A second sample for measuring the transmittance of crossed nicols is prepared by placing the cut sample between the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. The total light transmittance of the second sample is denoted as Tc (%). The degree of polarization is calculated using the following formula 1: Degree of polarization (%) = (Tp - Tc) / (Tp + Tc) × 100 (Formula 1) Let n (degrees) be the angle between any one side of the rectangle of the cut sample and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate. The degree of polarization when n is 0 degrees is denoted as P0, when n is 15 degrees as P15, when n is 30 degrees as P30, when n is 45 degrees as P45, when n is 60 degrees as P60, when n is 75 degrees as P75, and when n is 90 degrees as P90.In the above measurement of polarization degree, the light incident surface was the surface on the first polarizer side. In the above measurement of polarization degree, the optical film was positioned such that the side having the first liquid crystal layer faced the first polarizer side, relative to the substrate.

[0108] 1-4. Total Light Transmittance and Haze Five 5cm x 5cm samples were cut from the optical film. The total light transmittance (JIS K7361:1997) and haze (JIS K7136:2000) of the center of each sample were measured using a haze meter (HM-150, manufactured by Murakami Color Technology Laboratory). To stabilize the light source, measurements were taken after the light source had been switched on for at least 15 minutes. The average values ​​of the five samples were used as the total light transmittance and haze of the optical film used in each experimental example.

[0109] 1-5. The image display device for the interference color experiment was set to display white, and the presence or absence of interference colors was visually evaluated through polarized sunglasses. During the evaluation, the orientation of the optical film of the image display device was rotated. In addition, the evaluator's position was maintained during the evaluation so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the polarized sunglasses and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the polarizer plate of the image display device were approximately perpendicular. A: No interference colors were visible at all, regardless of the orientation of the optical film. A-: There are directions in which interference colors are slightly visible depending on the orientation of the optical film, but in many directions no interference colors are visible at all. B: There are directions in which interference colors are hardly visible depending on the orientation of the optical film, but in many directions weakly visible interference colors are visible. C: There are directions in which interference colors are weakened depending on the orientation of the optical film, but in many directions strong interference colors are visible.

[0110] 1-6. In the glare experiment, the image display device was shown a solid green image, and participants visually evaluated whether or not glare occurred. Twenty healthy individuals performed the evaluation and were ranked according to the following criteria: A: Two or fewer people reported that glare occurred. A-: Three to five people reported that glare occurred. B: Six to nine people reported that glare occurred. C: Ten or more people reported that glare occurred.

[0111] 1-7. Image blurring experiment example An image containing characters with font size 12 was displayed on an image display device, and the blurring at the edges of the characters was visually evaluated. Twenty healthy people performed the evaluation and were ranked according to the following criteria: A+: 0 people answered that the edges of the characters appeared blurred. A: 1 to 2 people answered that the edges of the characters appeared blurred. B: 3 to 9 people answered that the edges of the characters appeared blurred. C: 10 or more people answered that the edges of the characters appeared blurred.

[0112] 2. Preparation of Optical Films [First Optical Film] A resin layer coating solution 1 with the following formulation was applied to a substrate (biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 100 μm, Toyobo "A4160", in-plane phase difference: 3200 nm) and dried at 80°C for 1 minute. Then, ultraviolet light was irradiated (cumulative light intensity: 100 mJ / cm²). ２ A resin layer with a thickness of 0.2 μm was formed. Next, the following first liquid crystal layer coating solution 1 was applied to the resin layer and dried at 70°C for 1 minute. Then, ultraviolet light was irradiated (cumulative light intensity: 150 mJ / cm²). ２ A first liquid crystal layer with a thickness of 1.7 μm was formed. A first optical film was obtained through the above process.

[0113] <Preparation of coating solution 1 for resin layer> A mixed monomer of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) in a weight ratio of 7:3 was dissolved in a 1:1 mixed solvent of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to prepare a mixed solution with a solid content of 4.5% by mass. To 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the mixed solution, 4 parts by mass of an initiator (manufactured by IGM, trade name: Omnirad907) was added to prepare coating solution 1 for resin layer.

[0114] <First liquid crystal layer coating solution 1> - Rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules: 20 parts by mass (Rod-shaped liquid crystal compound of (A-1) in the main text of the specification) - Photopolymerization initiator: 0.4 parts by mass (Manufactured by IGM, trade name: Omnirad907) - Methyl ethyl ketone: 79.6 parts by mass

[0115] [Second to Fourth Optical Films] The second to fourth optical films were obtained in the same manner as the first optical film, except that the drying temperature of the first liquid crystal layer was changed to the temperature shown in Table 1.

[0116] [Fifth Optical Film] A resin layer coating solution 2 with the following formulation was applied to a substrate (biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 100 μm, manufactured by Toyobo, "A4160"), with an in-plane phase difference of 3200 nm), and dried at 80°C for 1 minute to form a resin layer with a thickness of 0.3 μm. Next, the first liquid crystal layer coating solution described above was applied to the resin layer and dried at 75°C for 1 minute. Then, ultraviolet light was irradiated (cumulative light intensity: 150 mJ / cm²). ２ A first liquid crystal layer with a thickness of 1.7 μm was formed. A fifth optical film was obtained through the above process.

[0117] <Coating solution for resin layer 2> A solution (solid content 4.5% by mass) obtained by diluting a resin composition containing a polycinnamate compound with propylene glycol monomethyl ether.

[0118] [Sixth Optical Film] The sixth optical film was obtained in the same manner as the fifth optical film, except that the substrate was changed to the following substrate. Substrate of the sixth optical film: Biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 50 μm, "A4160" manufactured by Toyobo, in-plane phase difference: 2000 nm

[0119] [Optical Films No. 7 to 13] Optical films No. 7 to 13 were obtained in the same manner as optical film No. 5, except that the drying temperature of the first liquid crystal layer was changed to the temperature shown in Table 1.

[0120] [The 14th Optical Film] The 14th optical film was obtained in the same manner as the 5th optical film, except that the substrate was changed to the substrate described below, and the drying temperature of the first liquid crystal layer was changed to the temperature shown in Table 1. Substrate of the 14th optical film: A substrate made by laminating two biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate films with an in-plane phase difference of 3200 nm via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (total in-plane phase difference: 6400 nm)

[0121] [Optical Film No. 15] The coating solution 1 for the first liquid crystal layer was changed to the coating solution 2 for the first liquid crystal layer described below. Furthermore, the drying temperature of the first liquid crystal layer was changed to the temperature shown in Table 1. Except for these changes, the 15th optical film was obtained in the same manner as the first optical film. <Coating solution 2 for the first liquid crystal layer> - Rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules: 10 parts by mass (Rod-shaped liquid crystal compound as described in (13) of the main text of the specification) - Photopolymerization initiator: 0.4 parts by mass (Manufactured by IGM, trade name: Omnirad 184) - Methyl ethyl ketone: 89.6 parts by mass

[0122] [16th Optical Film] The 16th optical film was obtained in the same manner as the first optical film, except that the first liquid crystal layer was formed directly on the substrate without an intervening resin layer. The 16th optical film does not have a Schlieren region within the plane of the first liquid crystal layer.

[0123] 3. Preparation of Components for Image Display Devices As components for the image display device in the experimental example, the following first to third surface light sources were prepared: First surface light source: Google smartphone (product name: Google Pixel 6, pixel pitch 62 μm) Second surface light source: kksmart monitor (product name: NK-16K, pixel pitch 135 μm) Third surface light source: ASUS monitor (product name: ZenScreen MB165B, pixel pitch 253 μm)

[0124] 4. Fabrication of Image Display Devices [Experimental Example 1] An image display device of Experimental Example 1 was obtained by placing a first optical film on a first surface light source. The optical film was positioned so that the substrate side faced the surface light source side. [Experimental Examples 2 to 48] Image display devices of Experimental Examples 2 to 48 were obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the surface light source and optical film were changed to the combinations shown in Table 2 or Table 3.

[0125]

[0126] In Table 1, "Re" indicates the in-plane phase difference of the substrate, "Temp" indicates the drying temperature of the first liquid crystal layer, "Resin Layer" indicates the number of the coating solution for the resin layer, "Size" indicates the average size of the darkfield area, "PL1" indicates the maximum polarization degree, "PL2" indicates the minimum polarization degree, "Absolute Difference" indicates the absolute difference between PL1 and PL2, "Tt" indicates the total light transmittance, and "Hz" indicates the haze.

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] As is clear from Tables 2 and 3, in the image display device, D １／２ It was confirmed that optical films with a P value of 0.11 or less can suppress interference colors and image glare. Furthermore, in each experimental example of the image display device, even when the optical film was positioned so that the first liquid crystal layer side faced the surface light source side, the interference colors, glare, and blurring were evaluated to be equivalent to those in Tables 2 and 3.

[0130] 5. Durability of the Liquid Crystal Layer The 17th and 18th optical films were prepared as follows: [17th Optical Film] A composition containing a polycinnamate compound (4% solids, solvent: propylene glycol monomethyl ether) was applied to a substrate (uniaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 80 μm (Toyobo "TA044"), in-plane phase difference: 8400 nm) to form a coating film. The obtained coating film was then dried at 120°C for 1 minute and subjected to polarized exposure at 20 mJ / cm². ２ An orientation layer with a thickness of 300 nm was formed by irradiation with (310 nm) light. Next, a λ / 4 phase difference layer coating solution with the following formulation was applied to the orientation layer and dried at 70°C for 1 minute. Then, ultraviolet light was irradiated (cumulative light intensity: 150 mJ / cm²). ２ A λ / 4 phase difference layer with a thickness of 1.0 μm was formed. In the λ / 4 phase difference layer, the principal axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules were regularly oriented along the pattern of the orientation layer. The angle between the slow axis of the substrate and the slow axis of the λ / 4 phase difference layer was set to 45 degrees. The principal axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the λ / 4 phase difference layer was equal to the slow axis direction of the λ / 4 phase difference layer. Through the above steps, the 17th optical film was obtained.

[0131] <Coating solution for λ / 4 phase difference layer> ・Rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules: 10 parts by mass (Rod-shaped liquid crystal compound as (A-1) in the main text of the specification) ・Photopolymerization initiator: 0.4 parts by mass (Manufactured by IGM, trade name: Omnirad184) ・Methyl ethyl ketone: 89.6 parts by mass

[0132] [Optical Film No. 18] An optical film No. 18 was obtained in the same manner as the optical film No. 5, except that the substrate was changed to a uniaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 80 μm (Toyobo "TA044", in-plane phase difference: 8400 nm) and the drying temperature of the first liquid crystal layer was changed to 70°C. The optical film No. 18 has a Schlieren region in the first liquid crystal layer and the average size of the dark-field region is 30.1 μm. ２ That is the case.

[0133] The spectral polarization of the 17th optical film and the 18th optical film was measured. <Method for measuring the spectral polarization of an optical film> The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are parallel. A first sample for measuring the transmittance at parallel nicols is prepared by placing the optical film to be measured between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The first polarizer, the second polarizer and the optical film are all rectangular and are arranged in the first sample so that the four sides of the rectangle are parallel to each other. The spectral transmittance of the first sample is measured. The spectral transmittance of the first sample at a predetermined wavelength is denoted as sTp (%). The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are orthogonal. A second sample for measuring the transmittance of crossed nicols is prepared by placing the optical film to be measured between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The first polarizer, the second polarizer, and the optical film are all rectangular and arranged in the second sample so that the four sides of the rectangle are parallel to each other. The spectral transmittance of the second sample is measured. The spectral transmittance of the second sample at a predetermined wavelength is denoted as sTc (%). The degree of polarization at a predetermined wavelength is expressed by the following formula 2: Degree of polarization at a predetermined wavelength (%) = |(sTp - sTc) / (sTp + sTc)| × 100 (Formula 2)

[0134] In the above measurement of spectral polarization, spectral transmittance was measured in a range including wavelengths from 400 nm to 700 nm. The wavelength interval for spectral transmittance measurement was set to 1 nm. In the above measurement of spectral polarization, the first and second polarizers used had a polarization degree of 99% or higher and an average transmittance of 40% or higher. The spectral transmittance measuring device for the first and second samples was the "V-670" manufactured by JASCO Corporation. The rectangular optical film used for the above measurement of spectral polarization was manufactured so that the direction of one pair of opposite sides of the rectangle was parallel to the direction of the slow axis of the substrate.

[0135] Next, the following durability tests 1 to 3 were performed on the 17th and 18th optical films. <First durability test (heat resistance test)> The optical film was exposed to an atmosphere of 85°C and relative humidity of 40% to 65% for 250 hours. <Second durability test (humid and heat resistance test)> The optical film was exposed to an atmosphere of 60°C and relative humidity of 95% for 250 hours. <Third durability test (light resistance test)> Using an ultraviolet fade meter (Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., product name: U48AU), the liquid crystal layer side of the optical film was irradiated with an irradiation dose of 500 W / m². ２ The sample was exposed to ultraviolet light for 100 hours.

[0136] Next, the spectral polarization degree of each optical film after the durability test was measured in the same manner as described above. For the 17th and 18th optical films, the absolute difference between the spectral polarization degree before the durability test and the spectral polarization degree after the durability test was calculated for each wavelength. That is, for wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm, the absolute difference between the spectral polarization degree before the durability test and the spectral polarization degree after the durability test was calculated for every 1 nm. Then, the average value of the "absolute difference" for each wavelength was calculated. The results are shown in Table 4. The lower the average value mentioned above, the better the durability of the optical film.

[0137]

[0138] Table 4 shows that the liquid crystal layer of the 18th optical film, which has a Schlieren region, exhibits superior durability, with a smaller change in polarization degree after the durability test compared to the liquid crystal layer of the 17th optical film, which does not have a Schlieren region. The third durability test involves irradiating the liquid crystal layer with ultraviolet light. Since liquid crystal compounds are susceptible to degradation from ultraviolet light, it is common practice to place a layer that absorbs ultraviolet light on top of the liquid crystal layer. In the 17th optical film, the liquid crystal compound degrades due to ultraviolet light irradiation, resulting in a large change in polarization degree after the third durability test. On the other hand, the 18th optical film shows a smaller change in polarization degree after the third durability test compared to the 17th optical film, indicating good durability against ultraviolet light. Therefore, by comparing the results of the third durability test for the 17th and 18th optical films, it can be confirmed that the liquid crystal layer of the 18th optical film, which has a Schlieren region, is more likely to exhibit durability against ultraviolet light even without the placement of a layer that absorbs ultraviolet light.

[0139] 1: Substrate 2: Resin layer 3: First liquid crystal layer 3a: Dark-field region 3b: Singularity 4: Functional layer 10: Optical film 20: Display element 100: Image display panel

Claims

1. An image display panel having a display element and an optical film, wherein the optical film is disposed on the light-emitting surface side of the display element, the optical film has a first liquid crystal layer, the first liquid crystal layer has a Schlieren region in its surface, the pixel pitch of the display element is defined as P (μm), and the average size of the dark-field region of the Schlieren region when the optical film is observed with a crossed-nicol polarizing microscope is D (μm). ２ When defined as, D １／２ An image display panel where / P is 0.11 or less.

2. The image display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a polarizer between the display element and the optical film.

3. D １／２ The image display panel according to claim 1, wherein the thickness is 1.0 μm or more and 30.0 μm or less.

4. The image display panel according to claim 1, wherein the optical film further comprises a substrate and has the first liquid crystal layer on the substrate.

5. The image display panel according to claim 4, wherein the optical film further has a resin layer, and the optical film has the substrate, the resin layer and the first liquid crystal layer in this order.

6. The image display panel according to claim 5, wherein the optical film further has a functional layer, and the optical film comprises the functional layer, the substrate, the resin layer and the first liquid crystal layer in this order.

7. The image display panel according to claim 4, wherein the substrate has an in-plane phase difference of 100 nm or more and 15,000 nm or less.

8. The image display panel according to claim 4, wherein the substrate is a resin substrate containing one or more resins selected from acrylic resin, olefin resin, cellulose resin, polyester, polycarbonate, polyimide, and polyamideimide.

9. The image display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first liquid crystal layer has an in-plane phase difference of 200 nm or more and 350 nm or less.

10. The image display panel according to claim 1, wherein the optical film has a haze of 30.0% or less according to JIS K7136:2000.

11. The image display panel according to claim 1, wherein the optical film is an optical film in which the absolute value of the difference between the maximum polarization degree, which is the maximum value of the seven polarization degrees P0, P15, P30, P45, P60, P75, and P90, and the minimum polarization degree, which is the minimum value among the seven polarization degrees, is 10.0% or less. <Measurement of Polarization Degree> The first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizing plate are parallel. A cut sample is prepared by cutting the optical film into a rectangle. A first sample for measuring the transmittance of parallel nicols is prepared by placing the cut sample between the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. The total light transmittance of the first sample is denoted as Tp (%). The first polarizer and the second polarizer are arranged so that the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizer and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the second polarizer are perpendicular to each other. A second sample for measuring the transmittance of crossed nicols is prepared by placing the cut sample between the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate. The total light transmittance of the second sample is denoted as Tc (%). The degree of polarization is calculated using the following formula 1. Degree of polarization (%) = (Tp - Tc) / (Tp + Tc) × 100 (Formula 1) Let n (degrees) be the angle between any one side of the rectangle of the cut sample and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the first polarizing plate. Let P0 be the degree of polarization when n is 0 degrees, P15 be the degree of polarization when n is 15 degrees, P30 be the degree of polarization when n is 30 degrees, P45 be the degree of polarization when n is 45 degrees, P60 be the degree of polarization when n is 60 degrees, P75 be the degree of polarization when n is 75 degrees, and P90 be the degree of polarization when n is 90 degrees.

12. An image display device including an image display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

Images