Battery assembly and device including same

Abstract

A battery assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a battery cell unit that includes a plurality of battery cells including electrode leads, and a cover assembly covering at least a portion of the outer surfaces of the battery cells; a housing in which the battery cell unit is accommodated; and an inlet and an outlet for circulating a coolant into the housing. The battery cell unit includes a gas discharge unit for discharging gas generated from the battery cell, and a venting space, which is connected to the gas discharge unit and through which the gas moves, is provided in the housing. A path through which the gas moves from the gas discharge unit to the venting space is separated from the coolant flowing from the inlet to the outlet.

Description

Battery assembly and device including the same

[0001] Cross-citation with related application(s)

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0051058 dated April 18, 2025, and all contents disclosed in the document of said Korean patent application are incorporated herein as part of this specification.

[0003] The present invention relates to a battery assembly and a device including the same, and more specifically, to a battery assembly with increased cooling performance and improved safety and a device including the same.

[0004] Secondary batteries, which have high applicability across product groups and electrical characteristics such as high energy density, are widely applied not only to portable devices but also to electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) driven by electric power sources. These secondary batteries are widely used as an energy source for enhancing eco-friendliness and energy efficiency, not only because of the primary advantage of being able to drastically reduce the use of fossil fuels, but also because they do not generate any by-products from energy use.

[0005] Types of secondary batteries include lithium-ion batteries, lithium-polymer batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and nickel-zinc batteries. The operating voltage of these unit secondary battery cells, that is, unit battery cells, is approximately 2.5V to 4.5V. Therefore, if a higher output voltage is required, a battery pack may be formed by connecting multiple battery cells in series. Additionally, a battery pack may be formed by connecting multiple battery cells in parallel depending on the charge / discharge capacity required for the battery pack. Accordingly, the number of battery cells included in the battery pack can be set in various ways depending on the required output voltage or charge / discharge capacity.

[0006] Meanwhile, when configuring a battery pack by connecting multiple battery cells in series or parallel, it is common to first form a battery module by creating a battery cell assembly containing multiple battery cells and housing it in a module case, and then configuring a battery pack by assembling one or more of these battery modules and adding other components, or by arranging multiple battery cells within a pack frame and adding other components.

[0007] Since these battery cells consist of rechargeable secondary batteries, such high-output, high-capacity secondary batteries generate a significant amount of heat during the charging and discharging process. In this case, the heat emitted from multiple battery cells is aggregated within a confined space, causing the temperature to rise rapidly and severely. In other words, while battery packs containing multiple cells can achieve high output, it is not easy to dissipate the heat generated by the cells during charging and discharging. If heat dissipation from the battery cells is not properly carried out, the cells degrade rapidly, shortening their lifespan and increasing the risk of explosion or ignition.

[0008] Furthermore, automotive battery packs are frequently exposed to direct sunlight and may be subjected to high-temperature conditions, such as during the summer or in desert regions. Additionally, because multiple battery cells are densely packed to extend a vehicle's driving range, flames or heat generated in a single battery cell can easily spread to neighboring cells, ultimately leading to the ignition or explosion of the battery pack itself.

[0009] In conventional battery modules, bottom cooling or side cooling methods have been used, in which a heat sink is mounted on the module case of the battery module to cool it.

[0010] However, in the case of battery modules using this cooling method, heat generated from the battery cells is transferred to a heat sink on one side of the module case for cooling, making it difficult to establish a heat transfer path to the other side of the module case. Consequently, there are limitations, such as intensified temperature differences between one end and the other of the battery cell assembly, or unsatisfactory overall cooling efficiency. If these temperature differences are not resolved, issues regarding the safety and durability of the battery module arise. Poor cooling efficiency can accelerate the degradation of battery cells or lead to the spread of thermal runaway if a rapid response is not possible when it occurs in some cells. This can result in disasters such as ignition and explosion of the battery module or the battery pack containing it, causing not only property damage but also safety issues.

[0011] To solve this problem, it has been proposed to use a method of directly cooling the battery cells by filling the inside of the battery pack with coolant or cooling oil, rather than relying on bottom cooling or side cooling. In other words, to effectively cool high-capacity battery packs, a method is being used in which a refrigerant directly cools the battery cells inside the battery pack.

[0012] Meanwhile, gas can be generated internally within battery cells due to overheating or overcharging. Such gas poses a risk of causing structural damage to the battery pack or inducing safety accidents such as fire or explosion. Accordingly, there is a need for new structural technology that can efficiently control and vent the gas generated within the battery pack to improve the safety of the battery pack.

[0013] The problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a battery assembly with increased cooling performance and improved safety, and a device including the same.

[0014] However, the problems that the embodiments of the present invention aim to solve are not limited to the problems described above and can be expanded in various ways within the scope of the technical ideas included in the present invention.

[0015] A battery assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a battery cell unit comprising a plurality of battery cells including electrode leads and a cover assembly covering at least a portion of the outer surface of the battery cells; a housing in which the battery cell unit is housed; and an inlet and an outlet for circulating a refrigerant into the housing. The battery cell unit comprises a gas discharge unit for discharging gas generated from the battery cells, and a venting space connected to the gas discharge unit through which the gas moves is provided in the housing. The path through which the gas moves from the gas discharge unit to the venting space is separated from the refrigerant flowing from the inlet to the outlet.

[0016] The above housing may include a venting hole connected to the venting space, and the gas discharge part may be connected to the venting hole.

[0017] The above gas can move to the venting space by passing through the gas discharge section and the venting hole.

[0018] The above housing may include a venting channel having the venting space, and the venting hole may be formed in the venting channel.

[0019] The above venting channels may be provided in multiple numbers, and a space for the refrigerant to flow may be provided between the venting channels.

[0020] The battery cell unit may include an inlet for introducing the refrigerant into the battery cell unit and an outlet for discharging the refrigerant from the battery cell unit.

[0021] The path through which the gas moves from the gas discharge section to the venting space can be separated from the path through which the refrigerant flows from the inlet section to the discharge section.

[0022] The above inlet may include a lead cooling inlet that guides the refrigerant to flow while in contact with the electrode lead.

[0023] The battery cells can be stacked along one direction, and the refrigerant introduced into the lead cooling inlet can come into contact with the electrode leads while flowing along a direction parallel to the direction in which the battery cells are stacked.

[0024] The battery cell unit may include a busbar connected to the electrode lead. The refrigerant introduced through the lead cooling inlet may flow while in contact with the busbar.

[0025] The battery cell unit may include a busbar frame on which the busbar is mounted. The refrigerant introduced through the lead cooling inlet may flow in the space between one side of the cover assembly and the busbar frame.

[0026] The above inlet may include a cell cooling inlet that guides the refrigerant to cool the battery cells.

[0027] At least one spacer may be located between at least some of the battery cells. A flow path hole through which a refrigerant flows may be formed in the spacer. At least a portion of the cell cooling inlet may overlap with at least a portion of the flow path hole.

[0028] At least a portion of the refrigerant introduced into the cell cooling inlet may flow along the flow path hole.

[0029] A device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the battery assembly.

[0030] According to embodiments of the present invention, in a battery assembly, the path through which a refrigerant flows to cool the battery cells and the path through which gas generated from the battery cells travel are separated from each other. Accordingly, the cooling performance of the battery assembly can be increased while simultaneously efficiently controlling and discharging the gas, thereby improving the safety of the battery assembly.

[0031] The effects of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description in the claims.

[0032] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate embodiments of the present invention and serve to further enhance understanding of the technical concept of the present invention together with the description of the invention provided below; therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters described in such drawings.

[0033] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the battery assembly of Figure 1.

[0035] Figure 3 is a top view of a battery assembly with the ceiling removed.

[0036] FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing battery cell units according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 is a perspective view showing a housing with the ceiling removed.

[0038] FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a battery cell unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a battery cell unit according to one embodiment of the present invention from a different angle.

[0040] FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a battery cell unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section cut along the cutting line A-A' of Figure 1.

[0042] Figure 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an enlarged view of section “E” of Figure 9.

[0043] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a battery cell according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing battery cells, a busbar, and a busbar frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing battery cells according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of a housing with the ceiling removed.

[0047] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a venting channel according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a housing and a venting channel included therein in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] FIG. 17 is a top view of the housing of FIG. 16.

[0050] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the housing of FIG. 16 viewed from a different angle.

[0051] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a cross section cut along the cutting line F-F' of FIG. 18.

[0052] FIG. 20 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of section “G” of FIG. 19.

[0053] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section cut along the cutting line B-B' of FIG. 1.

[0054] FIG. 22 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of the “H” portion of FIG. 21.

[0055] FIGS. 23 and FIGS. 24 are perspective views showing parts included in a cover assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing a spacer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section cut along the cutting line C-C' of FIG. 1.

[0058] FIG. 27 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of section “I” of FIG. 26.

[0059] FIG. 28 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of the “J” portion of FIG. 26.

[0060] FIG. 29 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of the “K” portion of FIG. 26.

[0061] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section cut along the cutting line D-D' of FIG. 1.

[0062] FIG. 31 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of the “L” portion of FIG. 30.

[0063] FIG. 32 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of the “M” portion of FIG. 30.

[0064] FIG. 33 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of the “N” portion of FIG. 30.

[0065] FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a housing according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] FIG. 35 is a partial drawing showing an enlarged view of the “O” portion of FIG. 34.

[0067] FIG. 36 is a perspective view showing a subplate and a sealing member according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-section cut along the cutting line P-P'.

[0069] FIG. 38 is a perspective view showing a part of a battery cell unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing some parts included in battery cells, a busbar frame, and a cover assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in various different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0072] To clearly explain the present invention, parts unrelated to the explanation have been omitted, and the same reference numerals are used for identical or similar components throughout the specification.

[0073] Furthermore, the size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are depicted arbitrarily for convenience of explanation, and thus the present invention is not necessarily limited to what is illustrated. Thicknesses have been enlarged in the drawings to clearly represent various layers and regions. Additionally, for convenience of explanation, the thickness of some layers and regions has been exaggerated in the drawings.

[0074] Furthermore, when a part such as a layer, membrane, region, or plate is said to be "on" or "on" another part, this includes not only the case where it is "directly above" the other part, but also the case where there is another part in between. Conversely, when a part is said to be "directly above" another part, it means that there is no other part in between. Also, saying that a part is "on" or "on" a reference part means that it is located above or below the reference part, and does not necessarily mean that it is located "on" or "on" facing the opposite direction of gravity.

[0075] Furthermore, throughout the specification, when a part is described as "including" a certain component, this means that, unless specifically stated otherwise, it does not exclude other components but may include additional components.

[0076] Additionally, throughout the specification, "planar" means when the subject part is viewed from above, and "cross-sectional" means when the cross-section obtained by vertically cutting the subject part is viewed from the side.

[0077] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the battery assembly of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a top view of the battery assembly with the ceiling removed. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing battery cell units according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a housing with the ceiling removed. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a battery cell unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a battery cell unit according to an embodiment of the present invention from a different angle. FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a battery cell unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a section cut along the cutting line A-A' of FIG. 1. FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an enlarged view of section “E” of FIG. 9.

[0078] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 10, a battery assembly (1000) according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a battery cell unit (100); a housing (1100) in which the battery cell unit (100) is housed; and an inlet (1200) and an outlet (1300) for circulating a coolant (CL, Coolant, see FIG. 10) into the housing (1100). The housing (1100) is provided with a storage space (S1, see FIG. 5) in which the battery cell unit (100) is housed.

[0079] A battery cell unit (100) according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of battery cells (110) including electrode leads (111, 112) and a cover assembly (200) that covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the battery cells (110). Additionally, the battery cell unit (100) includes a gas discharge unit (200G) that discharges gas (VG, see FIG. 10) generated from the battery cells (110). Meanwhile, a venting space (VS, see FIG. 10) through which the gas (VG) moves is provided in a housing (1100) connected to the gas discharge unit (200G). In the present invention, the provision of a venting space (VS) through which the gas (VG) moves in the housing (1100) encompasses both cases where the venting space (VS) is formed in a part of the housing (1100) itself and cases where a part having the venting space (VS) is located in the housing (1100).

[0080] In the battery assembly (1000), a refrigerant (CL) can be introduced through an inlet (1200) into a storage space (S1) in which a battery cell unit (100) is housed within the housing (1100). The refrigerant (CL) introduced into the storage space (S1) can flow into the interior of the battery cell unit (100). The refrigerant (CL) flowing into the interior of the battery cell unit (100) cools the battery cells (110). Subsequently, the refrigerant (CL) moves to the exterior of the battery cell unit (100) and can move to the exterior of the battery assembly (1000) through an outlet (1300). The refrigerant (CL) can cool the battery cells (110) while undergoing the circulation process described above. The refrigerant (CL) can flow directly into the space where the battery cells (110) are located to cool the battery cells (110). In one embodiment, at least a portion of the battery cell (110) may be cooled by contacting it with a refrigerant (CL).

[0081] Gas (VG) generated from the battery cell (110) can move to the outside of the battery cell unit (100) through the gas discharge section (200G) of the battery cell unit (100). For example, high-temperature gas may be generated from the battery cell (110) when a thermal event or thermal runaway occurs in at least one of the multiple battery cells (110). If this gas is not properly discharged to the outside of the battery assembly (1000), structural damage to the battery assembly (1000) may occur, and the thermal event or thermal runaway may propagate to adjacent battery cells (110). In particular, since the gas contains high-temperature metal particles, if it is not properly discharged, it may cause safety accidents such as fire or explosion.

[0082] As described above, the housing (1100) is provided with a venting space (VS) connected to a gas discharge section (200G) through which the gas moves. Gas generated from the battery cell (110) can move from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS). Specifically, the gas (VG) that has moved to the venting space (VS) can be discharged to the outside of the battery assembly (1000) through a separate venting device (1700, see FIG. 4) provided in the housing (1100). That is, the battery assembly (1000) according to the present embodiment has a directional venting structure in which the gas (VG) is discharged in a predetermined direction, such as when the gas (VG) generated from the battery cell (110) moves to the venting space (VS) of the housing (1100) through the gas discharge section (200G). Since the gas (VG) generated in the battery cell (110) moves along the designed direction, the gas (VG) can be efficiently controlled and smoothly discharged to the outside. Accordingly, the propagation of a thermal event or thermal runaway to adjacent battery cells (110) can be blocked, and the occurrence of a fire or explosion of the battery assembly (1000) can be prevented.

[0083] As described above, the battery assembly (1000) according to the present embodiment is equipped with a direct cooling means using a refrigerant (CL), as well as a gas discharge means for efficiently discharging gas (VG) generated from the battery cells. Accordingly, the safety of the battery assembly can be improved by increasing the cooling performance of the battery assembly while simultaneously efficiently controlling and discharging the gas (VG). However, since the structure involves the refrigerant (CL) flowing into the interior of the housing (1100) to cool the battery cells (110), there may be a problem where the refrigerant (CL) interferes with the discharge path of the gas (VG). If the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path interfere with each other, the following problems may occur.

[0084] For example, gas generated from at least some of the battery cells (110) must move through the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS) in the housing (1100) and finally be discharged, but a refrigerant circulating inside the housing (1100) may obstruct this venting path of the gas. If the gas is not properly discharged due to obstruction by the refrigerant, structural deformation and damage to the battery assembly may occur, and there is a risk of safety accidents such as fire or explosion ultimately being caused.

[0085] In addition, as will be described later, cooling oil or insulating oil may be used as the refrigerant; however, since cooling oil or insulating oil is an oil component, when it comes into contact with gas or particles contained therein, it can cause additional thermal runaway, ignition, explosion, etc.

[0086] In addition, during the process of emitting gas through the gas discharge section (200G), a problem may occur in which some of the refrigerant is lost as it is discharged together. If the refrigerant is lost in this way, the overall cooling performance of the battery assembly (1000) may be reduced, and a temperature difference between the battery cells (110) may be induced, which may cause performance degradation and a shortened lifespan.

[0087] To solve the above-mentioned problem caused by mutual interference between the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path, it is necessary to clearly separate the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path within the battery assembly (1000). Accordingly, in this embodiment, the path through which the gas (VG) travels from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS) can be separated from the refrigerant (CL) flowing from the inlet (1200) to the outlet (1300). In FIG. 10, a form in which the path through which the refrigerant (CL) travels inside and outside the battery cell unit (100) is separated from the path through which the gas (VG) travels from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS) is illustrated as one example. By separating the gas traveling from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS) from the refrigerant introduced through the inlet (1200) to cool the battery cells (110), the above-mentioned problem caused by mutual interference between the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path can be prevented.

[0088] There is no particular limit to the number of battery cell units (100) placed in the storage space (S1) of the housing (1100). One or more battery cell units (100) may be stored in the storage space (S1) of the housing (1100). For example, FIGS. 2 to 4 show that four battery cell units (100), namely first to fourth battery cell units (100a, 100b, 100c, 100d), are stored in the storage space (S1) of the housing (1100).

[0089]

[0090] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing battery cells, a busbar, and a busbar frame according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing battery cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] Referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 11 to 13, the battery cell (110) according to the present embodiment can be any type of secondary battery, such as a prismatic, cylindrical, or pouch-type battery cell. However, below, a pouch-type battery cell (110) will be described as an example.

[0092] The battery cell (110) according to the present embodiment may be in the form of an electrode assembly having electrode leads (111, 112) protruding in one or both directions, housed in a case (114). The battery cell (110) may be in the shape of a rectangular sheet. The battery cell (110) may have a bottom portion (114a), a top portion (114b), and both ends (114c, 114d).

[0093] A battery cell (110) can be formed by housing an electrode assembly in a case (114) of a laminate sheet comprising a resin layer and a metal layer, and then bonding the outer periphery of the case (114). For example, the battery cell (110) may have a structure in which two electrode leads (111, 112) protrude in one direction. The electrode leads (111, 112) may protrude from each of the two ends (114c, 114d) of the battery cell (110). That is, the first electrode lead (111) may protrude from one end (114c), and the second electrode lead (112) may protrude from the other end (114d). Although not specifically illustrated, as another embodiment, a structure in which the electrode leads (111, 112) of the battery cell (110) protrude in the same direction from either end (114c, 114d) is also possible. The electrode leads (111, 112) protruding from the battery cell (110) may be electrode leads having different polarities. Specifically, among the electrode leads (111, 112), the first electrode lead (111) may be a positive electrode lead and the second electrode lead (112) may be a negative electrode lead.

[0094] A battery cell (110) can be manufactured by bonding the two ends (114c, 114d) of a case (114) and the lower end (114a) connecting them, while the electrode assembly (not shown) is housed in the case (114). In other words, a battery cell (110) according to one embodiment of the present invention has a total of three sealing parts, and the sealing parts are sealed by a method such as fusion, and the remaining upper part (114b) can be made of a folding part. That is, the battery cell (110) according to the present embodiment may be a pouch-type secondary battery in which the electrode assembly is housed inside the case (114) and the lower end (114a) and both ends (114c, 114d) of the case (114) are sealed to form a sealing part.

[0095] The case (114) of the laminate sheet may include an inner resin layer for sealing, a metal layer for preventing penetration of material, and an outermost resin layer. Based on the electrode assembly inside the case (114), the inner resin layer may be located at the innermost position, the outer resin layer at the outermost position, and the metal layer may be located between the inner resin layer and the outer resin layer.

[0096] The outer resin layer may possess excellent tensile strength and weather resistance relative to its thickness and electrical insulation properties to protect the electrode assembly from the outside. This outer resin layer may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin or nylon resin. The metal layer may prevent air, moisture, etc. from entering the interior of the pouch-type secondary battery. This metal layer may include aluminum (Al). The inner resin layers may be thermally fused together by applied heat and / or pressure while the electrode assembly is embedded. This inner resin layer may include casted polypropylene (CPP) or polypropylene (PP).

[0097] A case (114) may be divided into two parts, and a concave-shaped storage portion may be formed in at least one of the two parts so that an electrode assembly can be seated thereon. Along the outer circumference of this storage portion, the inner resin layers of the two parts of the case (114) may be bonded together to form a sealing portion. In this way, the pouch case is sealed so that a battery cell (110), which is a pouch-type secondary battery, can be manufactured.

[0098] These battery cells (110) may be composed of multiple units. For example, multiple battery cells (110) may be stacked along one direction so that they can be electrically connected to each other. The battery cells (110) may be stacked along a direction perpendicular to one side of the cell body (113). For example, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, multiple battery cells (110) may be stacked upright along a direction parallel to the y-axis. Accordingly, electrode leads (111) may protrude in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the battery cells (110) are stacked. For example, the electrode leads (111, 112) may protrude in the +x-axis direction and the -x-axis direction, respectively.

[0099] Meanwhile, at least one spacer (500) may be located in at least some of the spaces between the battery cells (110). Additionally, at least one pad (600) may be located in at least some of the spaces between the battery cells (110). Furthermore, pads (600) may be located at each of the outermost points in the direction in which the battery cells (110) are stacked. The detailed structure of the spacer (500) and the pad will be described later.

[0100]

[0101] Referring again to FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIG. 5, a housing (1100) according to one embodiment of the present invention accommodates a battery cell unit (100) as described above. In other words, the housing (1100) has a storage space (S1), and a battery cell unit (100) can be located in this storage space (S1).

[0102] For example, the housing (1100) may include a first side wall portion (1110), a second side wall portion (1120), a third side wall portion (1130), a fourth side wall portion (1140), a ceiling portion (1150), and a bottom portion (1160). The battery cell unit (100) may be placed on the bottom portion (1160). The first side wall portion (1110), the second side wall portion (1120), the third side wall portion (1130), and the fourth side wall portion (1140) may protrude upward from the edge of the bottom portion (1160) and may cover the sides of the battery cell unit (100). The ceiling portion (1150) can be combined with the first side wall portion (1110), the second side wall portion (1120), the third side wall portion (1130), and the fourth side wall portion (1140), and can cover the upper surface of the battery cell unit (100).

[0103] A sealed storage space (S1) can be formed by the first side wall (1110), the second side wall (1120), the third side wall (1130), the fourth side wall (1140), the ceiling (1150), and the floor (1160), and the battery cell unit (100) can be located in this storage space (S1). There are no special restrictions on the joining form of each of the first side wall (1110), the second side wall (1120), the third side wall (1130), the fourth side wall (1140), the ceiling (1150), and the floor (1160), but welding joints may be formed as an example.

[0104] Meanwhile, a housing (1100) according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include first to third partition sections (1171, 1172, 1173) that separate a space in which a plurality of battery cell units (100) are stored. For example, the storage space (S1) may be divided into four spaces by the first to third partition sections (1171, 1172, 1173), and first to fourth battery cell units (100a, 100b, 100c, 100d) may be located in each of these four spaces.

[0105] Additionally, the housing (1100) may be provided with a control space (S2) as well as a storage space (S1). The housing (1100) may include a fourth partition (1174) that separates the storage space (S1) and the control space (S2). A component that controls the operation of the battery assembly (1000), such as charging and discharging, may be located in the control space (S2). For example, a Battery Management System (BMS) may be located in the control space (S2). Voltage data or temperature data of the battery cells (110) may be measured and transmitted to such a Battery Management System, and the Battery Management System may control and manage the operation of the battery assembly (1000) based on the transmitted voltage or temperature data.

[0106] The first to fourth partition sections (1171, 1172, 1173, 1174) may be located on the bottom section (1160) of the housing (1100) and may have a shape protruding along a direction perpendicular to one surface of the bottom section (1160).

[0107] Meanwhile, the inlet (1200) and outlet (1300) according to the present embodiment may be configurations for circulating a refrigerant into a storage space (S1) inside the housing (1100). Specifically, the refrigerant can move through the inlet (1200) to a storage space (S1) inside the housing (1100) where a battery cell unit (100) is stored. Afterward, the refrigerant can move to the outside of the battery assembly (1000) through the outlet (1300) after cooling the battery cell unit (100).

[0108] As long as the refrigerant can be circulated inside the housing (1100), there are no special restrictions on the shape or number of the inlet (1200) and outlet (1300). Although the inlet (1200) and outlet (1300) are shown connected to the first side wall (1110), this is an exemplary structure, and it goes without saying that each of the inlet (1200) and outlet (1300) can be connected to a different side wall.

[0109] Additionally, although the inlet (1200) and outlet (1300) are depicted as being in the form of pipes, in another embodiment, the inlet and outlet may be in the form of holes formed in the side walls (1110, 1120, 1130, 1140). The refrigerant introduced through the hole-shaped inlet can flow along the space formed inside the side walls (1110, 1120, 1130, 1140) and then move to the storage space (S1). Afterward, it can flow along the space formed inside the other side walls (1110, 1120, 1130, 1140) and then be discharged through the hole-shaped outlet.

[0110]

[0111] FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of a housing with the ceiling portion removed. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a venting channel according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a housing and a venting channel included therein in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a top view of the housing of FIG. 16.

[0112] Referring to FIGS. 3, FIGS. 5, FIGS. 10 and FIGS. 14 to 17, as described above, the present invention, in which a venting space (VS) through which gas (VG) moves is provided in a housing (1100), includes both a form in which the venting space (VS) is formed in a part of the housing (1100) itself and a form in which a part having the venting space (VS) is located in the housing (1100).

[0113] A housing (1100) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a venting hole (1400H) connected to a venting space (VS), and a gas discharge section (200G) of a battery cell unit (100) may be connected to the venting hole (1400H). Gas (VG) generated from the battery cell (110) may pass through the gas discharge section (200G) and the venting hole (1400H) and move to the venting space (VS).

[0114] In the present invention, the fact that the venting hole (1400H) is connected to the gas discharge section (200G) means that the venting hole (1400H) and the gas discharge section (200G) are positioned in correspondence with each other, and that the space of the venting hole (1400H) overlaps with at least a portion of the space of the gas discharge section (200G). That is, it means a structure in which gas (VG) can move from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting hole (1400H).

[0115] Similarly, the connection between the venting space (VS) and the venting hole (1400H) may mean that the venting hole (1400H) is located in a portion corresponding to the venting space (VS) so that the space of the venting hole (1400H) can be shared with the venting space (VS). In other words, it means a structure in which gas can pass through the venting hole (1400H) and move into the venting space (VS).

[0116] For example, the housing (1100) may include a venting channel (1400) equipped with a venting space (VS), and a venting hole (1400H) may be formed in the venting channel (1400). The venting channel (1400) according to the present embodiment may be a tubular member having a venting space (VS) and may be located on the bottom portion (1160). A venting hole (1400H) connected to the venting space (VS) may be formed on one surface of the venting channel (1400). Although not specifically illustrated, a form in which the venting space (VS) is provided inside the bottom portion (1160) of the housing (1100) itself is also possible as another example of the present invention.

[0117] As described above, the gas generated in the battery cell (110) is discharged through the gas discharge section (200G) of the battery cell unit (100). The gas discharged through the gas discharge section (200G) can pass through the venting hole (1400H) and move to the venting space (VS). That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the gas (VG) generated in the battery cell (110) can pass through the gas discharge section (200G) and the venting hole (1400H) and move to the venting space (VS). The gas (VG) flowing along the venting space (VS) can be discharged to the outside of the battery assembly (1000) through a separate venting device (1700), etc., provided in the housing (1100). Below, an exemplary structure in which the gas (VG) is discharged from the venting space (VS) to the outside of the battery assembly (1000) will be described.

[0118] FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the housing of FIG. 16 viewed from a different angle. FIG. 19 is a sectional perspective view showing a cross-section cut along the cutting line F-F' of FIG. 18. FIG. 20 is an enlarged partial view showing section “G” of FIG. 19. FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing a cross-section cut along the cutting line B-B' of FIG. 1. FIG. 22 is an enlarged partial view showing section “H” of FIG. 21.

[0119] Referring to FIGS. 14 to 22 together, as described above, the gas (VG) generated in the battery cell (110) is discharged through the gas discharge section (200G) of the battery cell unit (100). The gas discharged through the gas discharge section (200G) can pass through the venting hole (1400H) and move to the venting space (VS). The gas (VG) that has passed through the gas discharge section (200G) and the venting hole (1400H) and moved to the venting space (VS) can move along the venting space (VS). For example, the venting channel (1400) may have a shape that extends along one direction, and the gas (VG) can move along the direction in which the venting channel (1400) extends.

[0120] One side of the venting channel (1400) may be closed, and the other side of the venting channel (1400) may be open toward the control space (S2). For example, one side of the venting channel (1400) along the +y-axis direction may be closed, and one side of the venting channel (1400) along the -y-axis direction may be open toward the control space (S2). FIGS. 20 and FIGS. 22 illustrate a configuration in which one side of the venting channel (1400) is open toward the control space (S2). Meanwhile, a venting device (1700) may be installed on the third side wall (1130) of the housing (1100) covering the control space (S2). The venting device (1700) may be a component that opens to discharge gas when the pressure exceeds a certain level. There are no special restrictions on the shape or operating conditions of the venting device (1700) as long as it can open and discharge gas when the pressure exceeds a certain level. As one example, the venting device (1700) may be a component that opens when the pressure exceeds a certain level and closes again when the pressure falls below a certain level. As another example, the venting device (1700) may be a component that ruptures and opens when the pressure exceeds a certain level to discharge internal gas.

[0121] Gas (VG) moving along the venting space (VS) can move to the control space (S2) through an open side of the venting channel (1400). When the pressure in the control space (S2) increases due to the gas (VG), the venting device (1700) can be opened, and the gas (VG) can be discharged to the outside of the battery assembly (1000) through this venting device (1700). According to the present embodiment, the storage space (S1) may be a space for storing the battery cell unit (100) and also a space through which a refrigerant flows to cool the battery cell unit (100). The control space (S2) can be utilized as a space for discharging the gas (VG) moving along the venting space (VS) to the venting device (1700). That is, the control space (S2) can be utilized as a gas discharge path. The storage space (S1) and the control space (S2) can be separated and divided by the fourth partition (1174). In this embodiment, the structure in which the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path are separated can also be maintained by the fourth partition (1174) which separates and divides the storage space (S1) and the control space (S2).

[0122]

[0123] FIGS. 23 and FIGS. 24 are perspective views showing parts included in a cover assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0124] Referring to FIGS. 3, 4, FIGS. 6 to 8, FIGS. 23 and FIGS. 24, as described above, a battery cell unit (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of battery cells (110) including electrode leads (111, 112) and a cover assembly (200) that covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the battery cells (110).

[0125] The cover assembly (200) may include a first side portion (210), a second side portion (220), a third side portion (230), and a fourth side portion (240) that cover the sides of the battery cells (110), and may include an upper surface portion (250) and a lower surface portion (260) located at the top and bottom of the battery cells (110), respectively. In the case of the components included in the cover assembly (200), some may be integrated components, and other components may not be integrated but may be joined by means such as welding or bolt fastening. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8, 23 and 24, the first side portion (210), the third side portion (230), and the upper surface portion (250) may be integrated components, and the second side portion (220), the fourth side portion (240), and the lower surface portion (260) may each be individual components. The integrated first side portion (210), third side portion (230), and top portion (250) may be joined to the second side portion (220), fourth side portion (240), and bottom portion (260), respectively, by means such as welding. However, this is merely an example, and regarding the components included in the cover assembly (200) of the present invention, which parts of the components are provided as integrated components may vary depending on the design. Furthermore, there are no restrictions on the method of joining components that are not integrated, and welding, bolt fastening, or adhesives may be applied.

[0126] Meanwhile, the battery cell unit (100) may include a busbar (400) connected to the electrode leads (111, 112) of the battery cells (110) and a busbar frame (300) on which the busbar (400) is mounted. The busbar (400) and the busbar frame (300) may be positioned in the direction in which the electrode leads (111, 112) protrude relative to the battery cells (110). For example, the electrode leads (111, 112) may protrude from the battery cells (110) in the +x-axis direction and the -x-axis direction, respectively, and the busbar (400) and the busbar frame (300) may be positioned in the x-axis direction and the -x-axis direction, respectively, relative to the battery cells (110). Although not specifically illustrated, as another example of the present invention, if electrode leads (111, 112) protrude from the battery cells (110) in only one direction, the busbar and busbar frame may be located in only one direction relative to the battery cells (110).

[0127] The busbar (400) is configured to guide the electrical connection of the battery cells (110) and may include an electrically conductive material. For example, the busbar (400) may include a metal material. The busbar (400) may be electrically connected to the electrode leads (111, 112), and for example, a welded joint may be formed between the busbar (400) and the electrode leads (111, 112). A series connection between the battery cells (110) may be formed by connecting the first electrode lead (111) of one battery cell (110) and the second electrode lead (112) of another battery cell (110) to the busbar (400). Additionally, a parallel connection between the battery cells (110) may be formed by connecting the same electrode leads (111, 112) of each of the battery cells (110) to the busbar (400). High voltage (HV) connections between battery cells (110) can be implemented in this form. An HV connection is a connection that serves as a power source to supply power requiring high voltage, and refers to electrical connections between battery cells or electrical connections between a battery pack and a device.

[0128] A busbar (400) may be mounted on one side of a busbar frame (300). The busbar (400) may be mounted on the opposite side of the busbar frame (300) that faces the battery cells (110). Lead slits may be formed in the busbar frame (300), and the electrode leads (111, 112) of the battery cells (110) may pass through the lead slits and be connected to the busbar (400). The electrode leads (111, 112) of the battery cells (110) may pass through the lead slits and then be bent to be connected to the busbar (400). The busbar frame (300) may include a material that is electrically insulating. For example, the busbar frame (300) may include a plastic material.

[0129] Meanwhile, the battery cell unit (100) according to the present embodiment may include a flange portion (270) for mounting connection to the housing (1100). The flange portion (270) may be provided in the cover assembly (200). For example, the flange portion (270) may be connected to the cover assembly (200) by welding. FIGS. 6 to 8 illustrate a configuration in which the flange portion (270) is connected by welding to the first side portion (210) and the third side portion (230) of the cover assembly (200).

[0130] The flange portion (270) can be coupled to the housing (1100). There are no special restrictions on the method by which the flange portion (270) is coupled to the housing (1100), and welding or bolt fastening may be applied. The battery cell unit (100) can be coupled and fixed to the housing (1100) through the flange portion (270). FIG. 3 illustrates the form in which the first to fourth battery cell units (100a, 100b, 100c, 100d) are coupled to the housing (1100). The first battery cell unit (100a) can be coupled to the first side wall portion (1110) and the second bulkhead portion (1172) through the flange portion (270). The second battery cell unit (100b) can be connected to the second bulkhead (1172) and the fourth bulkhead (1174) through the flange portion (270). The third battery cell unit (100c) can be connected to the third bulkhead (1173) and the fourth bulkhead (1174) through the flange portion (270). The fourth battery cell unit (100d) can be connected to the first side wall portion (1110) and the third bulkhead (1173) through the flange portion (270).

[0131]

[0132] Referring to FIGS. 4, FIGS. 6 to 10, FIGS. 23 and FIGS. 24, a battery cell unit (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include an inlet part (200N) for introducing a refrigerant (CL) into the battery cell unit (100) and an outlet part (200U) for discharging the refrigerant (CL) from the battery cell unit (100).

[0133] In the battery assembly (1000), a refrigerant (CL) can be introduced into the storage space (S1) of the housing (1100) through the inlet (1200). The refrigerant (CL) introduced into the storage space (S1) can flow into the interior of the battery cell unit (100) through the inlet (200N). The refrigerant (CL) flowing into the interior of the battery cell unit (100) can cool the battery cells (110). Subsequently, the refrigerant (CL) can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell unit (100) through the discharge section (200U). The refrigerant (CL) discharged through the discharge section (200U) can pass through the storage space (S1) and move to the outside of the battery assembly (1000) through the outlet (1300). The refrigerant (CL) can cool the battery cells (110) while undergoing the circulation process described above. The refrigerant (CL) can flow directly into the interior of the battery cell unit (100) where the battery cells (110) are located to cool the battery cells (110). In one embodiment, at least a portion of the battery cells (110) may come into contact with the refrigerant (CL) to be cooled.

[0134] For example, the storage space (S1) may include a first space (S1-1), which is the space between the battery cell unit (100) and the ceiling portion (1150), and a second space (S1-2), which is the space between the battery cell unit (100) and the floor portion (1160). The refrigerant (CL) can move from either the first space (S1-1) or the second space (S1-2) into the interior of the battery cell unit (100) through the inlet portion (200N). Subsequently, the refrigerant (CL) can move to the other of the first space (S1-1) and the second space (S1-2) through the outlet portion (200U). In FIG. 10, as an exemplary structure, a refrigerant (CL) is shown moving from the first space (S1-1) into the interior of the battery cell unit (100) through the inlet (200N) and then moving into the second space (S1-2) through the outlet (200U).

[0135] The inlet portion (200N) may be formed on either the upper surface portion (250) or the lower surface portion (260) of the cover assembly (200), and the outlet portion (200U) may be formed on the other of the upper surface portion (250) and the lower surface portion (260) of the cover assembly (200). However, this is an exemplary structure, and there are no special restrictions on the location of the inlet portion (200N) and the outlet portion (200U). In FIGS. 23 and 24, as an example, the inlet portion (200N) is formed on the upper surface portion (250) and the outlet portion (200U) is formed on the lower surface portion (260).

[0136] Meanwhile, a gas discharge section (200G) for discharging gas (VG) generated from the battery cell (110) may also be formed on either the upper surface (250) or the lower surface (260). As an example, FIG. 24 shows that the gas discharge section (200G) is formed on the lower surface (260).

[0137] Referring again to FIG. 10, the path through which the gas (VG) travels from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS) can be separated from the path through which the refrigerant (CL) flows from the inlet section (200N) to the discharge section (200U). The gas discharge section (200G) may be located in a different area from the inlet section (200N) or the discharge section (200U). By separating the parts where the refrigerant circulation occurs through the inlet section (200N) and the discharge section (200U) from the part where the gas is discharged through the gas discharge section (200G) into different areas based on the battery cell unit (100), the mutual influence between the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path can be minimized. In other words, the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path are implemented in different areas of the battery cell unit (100) to clearly separate them. Through this, thermal management efficiency can be maximized, and the safety and durability of the battery assembly can be significantly improved. Ultimately, it is possible to prevent problems caused by mutual interference between the refrigerant circulation path and the gas exhaust path.

[0138] FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing a spacer according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0139] Referring together to FIGS. 4, FIGS. 6 to 10, FIGS. 13, and FIGS. 23 to 25, the inlet section (200N) may include a cell cooling inlet section (200N1) that guides the refrigerant (CL) to cool the battery cells (110). The outlet section (200U) may include a cell cooling outlet section (200U1) through which the refrigerant (CL) that has cooled the battery cells (110) is discharged. The cell cooling inlet section (200N1) and the cell cooling outlet section (200U1) may be provided in a portion corresponding to the battery cells (110).

[0140] Meanwhile, at least one spacer (500) may be positioned between at least some of the battery cells (110). The spacer (500) may be in surface contact with the battery cell (110). A flow path hole (500H) through which a refrigerant flows may be formed in the spacer (500). The flow path hole (500H) may be formed by penetrating the spacer (500) along the direction between the cell cooling inlet (200N1) and the cell cooling outlet (200U1). For example, the flow path hole (500H) may be formed by penetrating along the z-axis direction.

[0141] A portion of the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the cover assembly (200) through the inlet (200N) may flow along the flow path hole (500H) of the spacer (500). Heat generated from the battery cell (110) may be transferred to the refrigerant (CL) flowing along the spacer (500) and the flow path hole (500H) inside the spacer (500), thereby allowing heat dissipation to occur. Additionally, another portion of the refrigerant introduced into the cover assembly (200) through the inlet (200N) may flow in direct contact with the battery cells (110) rather than through the flow path hole (500H).

[0142] A portion of the refrigerant (CL) may flow into the cell cooling inlet (200N1) and may flow in contact with the battery cells (110). Subsequently, the refrigerant (CL) may move to the outside of the cover assembly (200) through the cell cooling outlet (200U1). Additionally, a flow path hole (500H) through which the refrigerant flows may be formed in the spacer (500), and at least a portion of the cell cooling inlet (200N1) may overlap with at least a portion of the flow path hole (500H). Additionally, at least a portion of the cell cooling outlet (200U1) may overlap with at least a portion of the flow path hole (500H). At least a portion of the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the cell cooling inlet (200N1) may cool the battery cells (110) while flowing along the flow path hole (500H) inside the spacer (500).

[0143] A portion of the refrigerant introduced into the cell cooling inlet (200N1) may flow in contact with the battery cells (110), and another portion of the refrigerant may flow along the flow path hole (500H) of the spacer (500). Subsequently, the refrigerant may move to the outside of the cover assembly (200) through the cell cooling outlet (200U1).

[0144] In addition, as another embodiment of the present invention, parts of both ends of the flow path holes of the spacer (500) may be opened. As the refrigerant flows along the flow path holes of the spacer (500), it may simultaneously come into contact with one surface of the battery cell (110).

[0145] Referring again to FIG. 10, at least a portion of the cell cooling inlet (200N1) overlaps with at least a portion of the flow path hole (500H), so that at least a portion of the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the cell cooling inlet (200N1) can flow along the flow path hole (500H) inside the spacer (500). By designing the path so that at least a portion of the refrigerant (CL) flows along the flow path hole (500H) inside the spacer (500), the path through which the refrigerant (CL) flows from the inlet (200N) to the outlet (200U) within the battery assembly (1000) can be more clearly separated from the path through which the gas (VG) travels from the gas outlet (200G) to the venting space (VS). Since the path of the refrigerant (CL) flowing along the flow path hole (500H) from the inlet section (200N) to the outlet section (200U) can be clearly distinguished from the path where gas is discharged by the gas discharge section (200G), the mutual influence between the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path can be minimized. This can help prevent problems caused by mutual interference between the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path.

[0146]

[0147] Below, an exemplary structure of the path through which the refrigerant (CL) moves within the battery assembly (1000) will be described in detail.

[0148] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a section cut along the cutting line C-C' of FIG. 1. FIG. 27 is a partial view showing an enlarged view of section “I” of FIG. 26. FIG. 28 is a partial view showing an enlarged view of section “J” of FIG. 26. FIG. 29 is a partial view showing an enlarged view of section “K” of FIG. 26. FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing a section cut along the cutting line D-D' of FIG. 1. FIG. 31 is a partial view showing an enlarged view of section “L” of FIG. 30. FIG. 32 is a partial view showing an enlarged view of section “M” of FIG. 30. FIG. 33 is a partial view showing an enlarged view of section “N” of FIG. 30.

[0149] Referring together to FIGS. 1 to 8 and FIGS. 25 to 33, the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the storage space (S1) inside the housing (1100) through the inlet (1200) can move into the interior of the battery cell unit (100).

[0150] For example, the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the storage space (S1) inside the housing (1100) through the inlet (1200) can move to the fourth partition (1174) by passing through the first battery cell unit (100a) and the second battery cell unit (100b) in sequence. As shown in FIG. 27, the refrigerant (CL) introduced through the inlet (1200) can move to the first space (S1-1) between the ceiling part (1150) and the first battery cell unit (100a). Afterwards, the refrigerant (CL) can move into the interior of the first battery cell unit (100a) through the cell cooling inlet (200N1) of the first battery cell unit (100a). As described above, at least a portion of the cell cooling inlet (200N1) may overlap with at least a portion of the flow path hole (500H) of the spacer (500), and at least a portion of the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the cell cooling inlet (200N1) may flow along the flow path hole (500H) inside the spacer (500) to cool the battery cells (110) of the first battery cell unit (100a). Subsequently, the refrigerant (CL) may move to the second space (S1-2) between the bottom portion (1160) and the first battery cell unit (100a) through the cell cooling outlet (200U1) of the first battery cell unit (100a). In the case of the illustrated first battery cell unit (100a), the cell cooling inlet (200N1) may be provided on the upper surface (250), and the cell cooling outlet (200U1) may be provided on the lower surface (260).

[0151] Next, as illustrated in FIG. 28, the refrigerant (CL) that has moved from the first battery cell unit (100a) to the second space (S1-2) can move to the second space (S1-2) between the second battery cell unit (100b) and the bottom portion (1160). Afterward, the refrigerant (CL) can move into the interior of the second battery cell unit (100b) through the cell cooling inlet (200N1) of the second battery cell unit (100b). At least a portion of the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the cell cooling inlet (200N1) can cool the battery cells (110) of the second battery cell unit (100b) by flowing along the flow path hole (500H) inside the spacer (500). Subsequently, the refrigerant (CL) can move to the first space (S1-1) between the ceiling portion (1150) and the second battery cell unit (100b) through the cell cooling discharge portion (200U1) of the second battery cell unit (100b). The first space (S1-1) between the ceiling portion (1150) and the first battery cell unit (100a) and the first space (S1-1) between the ceiling portion (1150) and the second battery cell unit (100b) may be separated by the second partition portion (1172). In the case of the illustrated second battery cell unit (100b), the cell cooling inlet portion (200N1) may be provided on the lower portion (260), and the cell cooling discharge portion (200U1) may be provided on the upper portion (250).

[0152] Next, as illustrated in FIG. 29, the refrigerant (CL) that has moved from the second battery cell unit (100b) to the first space (S1-1) can move to the refrigerant passage (1174P) inside the fourth partition (1174). The refrigerant passage (1174P), which is an empty space, may be provided inside the fourth partition (1174), and the refrigerant passage (1174P) may be connected along the direction in which the fourth partition (1174) extends. A connection hole (1174H) may be formed on one side of the fourth partition (1174) facing the storage space (S1), and the connection hole (1174H) may be connected to the refrigerant passage (1174P). The refrigerant (CL) that has moved from the second battery cell unit (100b) to the first space (S1-1) can move to the refrigerant passage (1174P) through the connection hole (1174H).

[0153] Next, as illustrated in FIG. 31, the refrigerant (CL) moving along the refrigerant passage (1174P) can move to the location where the third battery cell unit (100c) is located through another connection hole (1174H). The movement of the refrigerant (CL) along the refrigerant passage (1174P) will be described again later with reference to FIG. 34 and FIG. 35. The refrigerant (CL) exiting from the refrigerant passage (1174P) through the connection hole (1174H) can move to the first space (S1-1) between the ceiling portion (1150) and the third battery cell unit (100c). Afterward, the refrigerant (CL) can move into the interior of the third battery cell unit (100c) through the cell cooling inlet (200N1) of the third battery cell unit (100c). At least a portion of the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the cell cooling inlet (200N1) can cool the battery cells (110) of the third battery cell unit (100c) by flowing along the flow path hole (500H) inside the spacer (500). Subsequently, the refrigerant (CL) can move to the second space (S1-2) between the bottom portion (1160) and the third battery cell unit (100c) through the cell cooling discharge portion (200U1) of the third battery cell unit (100c). In the case of the illustrated third battery cell unit (100c), the cell cooling inlet (200N1) may be provided on the upper portion (250), and the cell cooling discharge portion (200U1) may be provided on the lower portion (260).

[0154] Next, as illustrated in FIG. 32, the refrigerant (CL) that has moved from the third battery cell unit (100c) to the second space (S1-2) can move to the second space (S1-2) between the fourth battery cell unit (100d) and the bottom portion (1160). Afterward, the refrigerant (CL) can move into the interior of the fourth battery cell unit (100d) through the cell cooling inlet (200N1) of the fourth battery cell unit (100d). At least a portion of the refrigerant (CL) introduced into the cell cooling inlet (200N1) can cool the battery cells (110) of the fourth battery cell unit (100d) by flowing along the flow path hole (500H) inside the spacer (500). Subsequently, the refrigerant (CL) can move to the first space (S1-1) between the ceiling portion (1150) and the fourth battery cell unit (100d) through the cell cooling discharge portion (200U1) of the fourth battery cell unit (100d). The first space (S1-1) between the ceiling portion (1150) and the third battery cell unit (100c) and the first space (S1-1) between the ceiling portion (1150) and the fourth battery cell unit (100d) may be separated by the third partition portion (1173). In the case of the illustrated fourth battery cell unit (100d), the cell cooling inlet portion (200N1) may be provided on the upper surface portion (250), and the cell cooling discharge portion (200U1) may be provided on the lower surface portion (260).

[0155] Next, as illustrated in FIG. 33, the refrigerant (CL) that has moved from the fourth battery cell unit (100d) to the first space (S1-1) can move to the outside of the battery assembly through the outlet (1300). Although not specifically illustrated, the refrigerant (CL) discharged through the outlet (1300) can move to a refrigerant circulation device, such as a pump, located outside the battery assembly, and then can be introduced back into the storage space (S1) through the inlet (1200).

[0156] The movement path of the refrigerant (CL) within the housing (1100) described above is an exemplary structure and may vary depending on the number of battery cell units (100) or the arrangement type.

[0157] FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a housing according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a housing (1100) according to an embodiment of the present invention cut along the xy plane. FIG. 35 is a partial view showing an enlarged view of the “O” portion of FIG. 34.

[0158] Referring to FIGS. 2, 34, and 35, as described above, a refrigerant passage (1174P), which is an empty space, may be provided inside the fourth partition (1174), and the refrigerant passage (1174P) may be connected along the direction in which the fourth partition (1174) extends. A connecting hole (1174H) may be formed on one side of the fourth partition (1174) facing the storage space (S1), and the connecting hole (1174H) may be connected to the refrigerant passage (1174P). The refrigerant passage (1174P) of the fourth partition (1174) may perform the function of guiding the refrigerant (CL) to move between the divided spaces of the storage space (S1). For example, the refrigerant (CL) discharged from the second battery cell unit (100b) and cooling the battery cells (110) within the second battery cell unit (100b) can move to the refrigerant passage (1174P) through a connecting hole (1174H) formed on the side of the fourth partition (1174) facing the second battery cell unit (100b). The refrigerant (CL) flows along the refrigerant passage (1174P) and can then move to the storage space (S1) where the third battery cell unit (100c) is located through a connecting hole (1174H) formed on the side of the fourth partition (1174) facing the third battery cell unit (100c). Afterward, the refrigerant (CL) can move to the outside through the outlet (1300) after cooling the battery cells (110) in the third battery cell unit (100c) and the battery cells (110) in the fourth battery cell unit (100d) in succession in the manner described above.

[0159] Meanwhile, the refrigerant in the present invention serves as a cooling medium for cooling a heat-generating object, and there are no restrictions on its form or material. Refrigerants of various phases may be applied. For example, a cooling medium in a solid, fluid, liquid, or gaseous state may be applied to the refrigerant without limitation. Furthermore, bubbles, paraffin, or phase change materials (PCMs) may be applied to the refrigerant.

[0160] As an example, the refrigerant may be a fluid. The refrigerant may be cooling water or cooling oil. Meanwhile, within the battery assembly (1000), the refrigerant may come into direct contact with the battery cells (110) and electrode leads (111, 112), and the refrigerant may be electrically insulated. The refrigerant may be a material having insulating properties. For example, the refrigerant may be insulating oil. However, these are exemplary materials, and as described above, any material capable of cooling an object requiring cooling may be applied to the refrigerant in the present invention without limitation.

[0161] Meanwhile, referring again to FIG. 13, as described above, at least one pad (600) may be located in at least some of the spaces between the battery cells (110). Additionally, pads (600) may be located at each of the outermost points in the direction in which the battery cells (110) are stacked.

[0162] The number of pads (600) can be determined in various ways depending on the number and size of the battery cells (110), the material of the electrodes applied, etc. FIG. 15 illustrates a configuration in which pads (600) are located among some of the battery cells (110).

[0163] The pad (600) may be a foam-shaped member and can absorb swelling of the battery cells (110). If the swelling phenomenon of the battery cells (110) is not absorbed and controlled, the pressure inside the battery cell unit (100) increases and the volume increases, which may have a negative effect on the structural stability of the battery cell unit (100). Accordingly, the swelling of the battery cells (110) is partially absorbed by placing a pad (600) that is compressed when pressure is applied, either at the outermost side of the battery cells (110) or between the battery cells (110). As long as the pad (600) can be compressed to absorb the swelling of the battery cells (110), there are no special restrictions on the material, and, for example, it may include a polyurethane material.

[0164] Meanwhile, the pouch may cover at least a portion of the outer surface of the pad (600). The pouch can block the refrigerant from penetrating into the gas discharge path after being absorbed by the pad (600). Due to the material properties of the pad (600), the refrigerant may be absorbed by the pad (600). There may be a problem where the refrigerant absorbed by the pad (600) penetrates into the gas discharge path from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS). To prevent this problem, a pouch covering at least a portion of the outer surface of the pad (600) is provided. That is, even if the refrigerant is absorbed by the pad (600), it can be blocked from moving into the gas discharge path by the pouch. The pouch may include, for example, an aluminum material. A pouch made of aluminum has moisture resistance and heat resistance, so it can suppress the penetration of refrigerant or moisture into the gas discharge path.

[0165]

[0166] FIG. 36 is a perspective view showing a subplate and a sealing member according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section cut along the cutting line P-P'.

[0167] Referring to FIGS. 10, 14, 22, 27 to 29, 36, and 37, a battery assembly (1000) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a subplate (1500) located on one side of a battery cell unit (100) and a sealing member (1600). For example, the subplate (1500) may be located between the battery cell unit (100) and the bottom portion (1160). The subplate (1500) may include an indentation (1500D) in a shape that is recessed to have a basket shape, and the second space (S1-2) between the battery cell unit (100) and the bottom portion (1160) may correspond to the space between the battery cell unit (100) and the indentation (1500D) of the subplate (1500). For example, the refrigerant (CL) discharged through the cell cooling discharge section (200U1) in the first battery cell unit (100a) or the third battery cell unit (100c) can move along the space of the inlet section (1500D). Additionally, the refrigerant (CL) moving along the space of the inlet section (1500D) can move into the interior of the second battery cell unit (100b) or the fourth battery cell unit (100d) through the cell cooling inlet section (200N1) in the second battery cell unit (100b) or the fourth battery cell unit (100d). A subplate (1500) having the inlet section (1500D) can be provided to clearly establish and define the space where the refrigerant (CL) moves within the storage space (S1).

[0168] A portion extending along the edge of the indentation (1500D) of the subplate (1500) may be located between the battery cell unit (100) and the venting channel (1400), and a subplate hole (1500H) may be formed in said portion. The subplate hole (1500H) may be provided to overlap with the venting hole (1400H) connected to the venting space (VS).

[0169] Meanwhile, a sealing member (1600) may be positioned between the battery cell unit (100) and the subplate (1500). The sealing member (1600) may be made of any material capable of performing a sealing function without limitation, for example, a rubber material or a waterproof adhesive material. An opening (1600P), which is an open portion, may be formed in the portion of the sealing member (1600) facing the indentation (1500D) of the subplate (1500). Additionally, a sealing member hole (1600H) may be formed in the portion of the sealing member (1600) corresponding to the subplate hole (1500H). The sealing member hole (1600H) may be provided to overlap with the subplate hole (1500H).

[0170] As illustrated in FIG. 10, the gas (VG) generated from the battery cell (110) can pass through the gas discharge section (200G), the sealing member hole (1600H), the subplate hole (1500H), and the venting hole (1400H) in sequence to move to the venting space (VS). The subplate (1500) having an indentation (1500D) not only clearly establishes the space where the refrigerant (CL) moves within the storage space (S1), but can also help separate the path where the gas (VG) moves from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS) from the storage space (S1) through which the refrigerant (CL) flows. By the subplate (1500), the path of the refrigerant (CL) flowing along the second space (S1-2) of the storage space (S1) and the path of the gas (VG) moving from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS) can be clearly distinguished and separated from each other.

[0171] Additionally, since the sealing member (1600) is positioned between the battery cell unit (100) and the subplate (1500) and the path through which the gas (VG) travels is surrounded by the sealing member hole (1600H) of the sealing member (1600), the gas (VG) can be prevented from leaking into the storage space (S1) through which the refrigerant (CL) travels, and the refrigerant (CL) can be prevented from penetrating the path from the gas discharge section (200G) to the venting space (VS). The sealing member (1600) can help to clearly separate the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path.

[0172]

[0173] Meanwhile, referring to FIGS. 9, 10, 14, etc., the venting channels (1400) may be provided in multiple numbers, and a space for refrigerant (CL) to flow between the venting channels (1400) may be provided. For example, when viewed along a direction perpendicular to one side of the bottom portion (1160), the indentation (1500D) of the sub-plate (1500) may be located between the venting channels (1400). Here, viewing along a direction perpendicular to one side of the bottom portion (1160) may correspond to viewing the housing (1100) equipped with the venting channels (1400) and the sub-plate (1500) along the -z-axis direction in the xy-plane. An indentation (1500D) of the subplate (1500) may be located between the venting channels (1400), and the refrigerant (CL) may move along the space of the indentation (1500D).

[0174] In the venting space (VS) within the venting channels (1400), the path through which the gas (VG) travels and the space through which the refrigerant (CL) flows can be separated in different areas. By separating the space through which the refrigerant (CL) flows and the space through which the gas (VG) travels along the venting space (VS) differently, the mutual influence between the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path can be minimized. In other words, the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path are implemented at different locations to clearly separate them. Through this, thermal management efficiency can be maximized, and the safety and durability of the battery assembly can be significantly improved. Ultimately, various problems caused by mutual interference between the refrigerant circulation path and the gas discharge path can be prevented.

[0175]

[0176] FIG. 38 is a perspective view showing a part of a battery cell unit according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing some parts included in battery cells, a busbar frame, and a cover assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0177] Referring to FIGS. 6 to 8, FIGS. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 23, FIG. 38 and FIG. 39, an inlet section (200N) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a lead cooling inlet section (200N2) that guides a refrigerant to flow while in contact with electrode leads (111, 112). Additionally, an outlet section (200U) may include a lead cooling outlet section (200U2). When viewed along the y-axis direction, which is the direction in which battery cells (110) are stacked, the lead cooling inlet section (200N2) and the lead cooling outlet section (200U2) may be positioned to correspond to each other.

[0178] Battery cells (110) can be stacked along one direction, and the refrigerant introduced into the lead cooling inlet (200N2) can flow along a direction parallel to the direction in which the battery cells (110) are stacked and come into contact with the electrode leads (111, 112). Additionally, as described above, the battery cell unit (100) may include a bus bar (400) connected to the electrode leads (111, 112), and the refrigerant introduced through the lead cooling inlet (200N2) can flow while coming into contact with the bus bar (400).

[0179] The refrigerant introduced into the lead cooling inlet (200N2) can come into contact with the busbar (400).

[0180] During repeated charging and discharging of the battery cell (110), a large amount of heat is generated in the battery cell (110), and it is important to control the heat of the battery cell (110) by discharging this heat using a cooling means. If the heat dissipation of the battery cell (110) is not properly carried out, the deterioration of the battery cell (110) accelerates, shortening its lifespan and increasing the possibility of explosion or ignition. In the case of a battery cell (110) that undergoes repeated charging and discharging, heat is particularly concentrated in the electrode leads (111, 112) and at least one bus bar (400) connected thereto, which are the parts where the aforementioned HV connection is made. In the battery assembly according to the present embodiment, a refrigerant can come into contact with at least one of the electrode leads (111, 112) or the bus bar (400) and directly cool at least one of the electrode leads (111, 112) or the bus bar (400). For the electrode leads (111, 112), which are one of the parts of the battery cell (110) where the most heat is generated, cooling can be achieved through contact with a refrigerant. Accordingly, the overall cooling performance of the battery cells (110) can be improved, and furthermore, the possibility of explosion or ignition of the battery assembly (1000) can be significantly reduced.

[0181] As an exemplary structure for cooling electrode leads (111, 112), a lead cooling inlet (200N2) may be formed on a first side portion (210) of a cover assembly (200), and a lead cooling outlet (200U2) may be formed on a third side portion (230) of a cover assembly (200). A portion of the refrigerant may flow into the lead cooling inlet (200N2) and may flow while in contact with at least one of the electrode leads (111, 112) or the busbar (400). Subsequently, the refrigerant may move to the outside of the cover assembly (200) through the lead cooling outlet (200U2).

[0182]

[0183] As described above, the battery cell unit (100) may include a busbar frame (300) on which a busbar (400) is mounted. The refrigerant introduced through the lead cooling inlet (200N2) may flow in the space between one side of the cover assembly (200) and the busbar frame (300). Each of the lead cooling inlet (200N2) and the lead cooling outlet (200U2) may be formed in a portion corresponding to the space between one side of the cover assembly (200) and the busbar frame (300).

[0184] For example, the lead cooling inlet (200N2) may be provided in multiple numbers, and the refrigerant introduced through one lead cooling inlet (200N2) may flow in the space between the second side portion (220) of the cover assembly (200) and the busbar frame (300) and come into contact with at least one of the electrode leads (111, 112) or the busbar (400). Subsequently, it may move to the outside of the battery cell unit (100) through one lead cooling outlet (200U2).

[0185] Additionally, the refrigerant introduced through the other lead cooling inlet (200N2) can flow in the space between the fourth side portion (240) of the cover assembly (200) and the busbar frame (300) and come into contact with at least one of the electrode leads (111, 112) or the busbar (400). Afterward, it can move to the outside of the battery cell unit (100) through the other lead cooling outlet (200U2).

[0186] Meanwhile, referring to FIGS. 11, 21, and 22 together, as described above, in the case of a battery cell (110) according to one embodiment of the present invention, the lower part (114a) and both ends (114c, 114d) of the case (114) may be sealed to form a sealing part, and the upper part (114b) may be made of a folding part.

[0187] Gas generated in such battery cells (110) can be discharged mainly through the sealing portion. That is, due to increased internal pressure, the sealing is released in some parts of the sealing portion, and gas can be discharged by bursting out through the released sealing portion.

[0188] In this embodiment, the sealing portion of the battery cell (110) may face the gas discharge portion (200G), and the folding portion of the battery cell (110) may face in the opposite direction to where the gas discharge portion (200G) is located. The lower portion (114a), which is the sealing portion of the battery cell (110), may face the gas discharge portion (200G), and the upper portion (114b), which is the folding portion, may face in the opposite direction to where the gas discharge portion (200G) is located. Through this arrangement, a directional venting structure in which gas generated in the battery cell (110) is induced to be discharged through the gas discharge portion (200G) can be more clearly established.

[0189] In this embodiment, terms indicating directions such as front, back, left, right, up, and down have been used; however, these terms are for convenience of explanation only and may vary depending on the location of the object or the observer.

[0190] One or more battery assemblies according to the embodiment described above can be mounted on a device together with various control and protection systems, such as a Battery Management System (BMS), a Battery Disconnect Unit (BDU), and a cooling system.

[0191] The above battery assembly can be applied to various devices. Specifically, it can be applied to means of transportation such as electric bicycles, electric vehicles, and hybrids, or to Energy Storage Systems (ESS), but is not limited thereto and can be applied to various devices capable of using secondary batteries.

[0192] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements by those skilled in the art using the basic concept of the present invention as defined in the following claims also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0193] Explanation of the symbols

[0194] 100: Battery cell unit

[0195] 200: Cover Assembly

[0196] 200N: Inlet

[0197] 200U: Discharge section

[0198] 200G: Gas exhaust part

[0199] 300: Busbar Frame

[0200] 400: Busbar

[0201] 1000: Battery assembly

[0202] 1100: Housing

[0203] 1200: Inlet

[0204] 1300: Outlet

Claims

1. A battery cell unit comprising a plurality of battery cells including electrode leads and a cover assembly covering at least a portion of the outer surface of the battery cells; A housing in which the above battery cell unit is housed; and It includes an inlet and an outlet for circulating refrigerant into the housing; and The above battery cell unit includes a gas discharge unit for discharging gas generated from the battery cell, and A venting space in which the gas moves is connected to the gas discharge section and is provided in the housing, and A battery assembly in which the path of the gas moving from the gas discharge section to the venting space is separated from the refrigerant flowing from the inlet to the outlet.

2. In Paragraph 1, The above housing includes a venting hole connected to the venting space, and The above gas discharge section is a battery assembly connected to the above venting hole.

3. In Paragraph 2, The above gas is a battery assembly that passes through the gas discharge section and the venting hole and moves to the venting space.

4. In Paragraph 2, The above housing includes a venting channel having the above venting space, and A battery assembly in which the above venting hole is formed in the above venting channel.

5. In Paragraph 4, The above venting channels are provided in multiple numbers, and A battery assembly having a space for the refrigerant to flow between the above venting channels.

6. In Paragraph 1, The battery cell unit comprises a battery assembly including an inlet for introducing the refrigerant into the battery cell unit and an outlet for discharging the refrigerant from the battery cell unit.

7. In Paragraph 6, A battery assembly in which the path through which the gas moves from the gas discharge section to the venting space is separated from the path through which the refrigerant flows from the inlet section to the discharge section.

8. In Paragraph 6, A battery assembly comprising a lead cooling inlet that guides the refrigerant to flow while in contact with the electrode lead.

9. In Paragraph 8, The above battery cells are stacked along one direction, and A battery assembly in which the refrigerant introduced into the lead cooling inlet flows along a direction parallel to the direction in which the battery cells are stacked and comes into contact with the electrode leads.

10. In Paragraph 8, The battery cell unit includes a busbar connected to the electrode lead, and The refrigerant introduced through the above lead cooling inlet is a battery assembly flowing in contact with the busbar.

11. In Paragraph 10, The above battery cell unit includes a busbar frame on which the busbar is mounted, and The refrigerant introduced through the above lead cooling inlet is a battery assembly flowing in the space between one side of the cover assembly and the busbar frame.

12. In Paragraph 6, The above-mentioned inlet is a battery assembly comprising a cell cooling inlet that guides the refrigerant to cool the battery cells.

13. In Paragraph 12, At least one spacer is located between at least some of the above battery cells, and A flow path hole for refrigerant flow is formed in the above spacer, and A battery assembly in which at least a portion of the cell cooling inlet overlaps with at least a portion of the flow path hole.

14. In Paragraph 13, A battery assembly in which at least a portion of the refrigerant introduced into the cell cooling inlet flows along the flow path hole.

15. A device comprising a battery assembly according to paragraph 1.

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