Wireless jamming detection

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for detecting, performing an action based on, or both, a Wi-Fi jamming event. One of the methods includes, for a time period: detecting a plurality of sets of contextual data for a wireless access point at a property; determining, for at least two contextual data sets from the plurality of sets of contextual data, whether the corresponding contextual data set satisfies a corresponding jamming criterion; in response to determining, for at least the two contextual data sets from the plurality of sets of contextual data, that the corresponding contextual data set satisfies the corresponding jamming criterion, determining that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring during the time period and triggering one or more actions for the property.

Description

Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1WIRELESS JAMMING DETECTIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 701,675, filed on October 1, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 762,847, filed February 25, 2025, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.BACKGROUND

[0002] Properties use wireless networks, such as a Wi-Fi® network, to connect various devices to a network, e.g., the Internet. Wireless networks can enable network connectivity for devices when hard wiring is unavailable or impractical.SUMMARY

[0003] In general, one innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods that include the actions of determining whether a state of a wireless access point at a property satisfies a state criterion; in response to determining that state of the wireless access point at the property satisfies the state criterion, determining whether a change in a wireless network for a property satisfies a change criterion; and in response to determining that the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion, determining that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering one or more actions for the property.

[0004] In general, one innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods that include the actions of detecting a potential jamming event at a property; determining one or more characteristics of the potential jamming event; selecting, from a plurality of communication types for the property and using the one or more characteristics of the potential jamming event, a communication type; and causing transmission of one or more signals for the selected communication type.

[0005] In general, one innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in methods that include the actions of, for a time period: detecting a plurality of sets of contextual data for a wireless access point at a property; determining, for at least two contextual data sets from the plurality of sets of contextual data, whether the corresponding contextual data set satisfies a corresponding jamming criterion;Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1and in response to determining, for at least the two contextual data sets from the plurality of sets of contextual data, that the corresponding contextual data set satisfies the corresponding jamming criterion, determining that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring during the time period and triggering one or more actions for the property.

[0006] Other implementations of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, computer program products, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods. A system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions.

[0007] The foregoing and other implementations can each optionally include one or more of the following features, alone or in combination.

[0008] In some implementations, determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion can include determining whether a number of reconnection requests for the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies a request threshold. Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property can be responsive to determining that the number of reconnection requests for the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the request threshold.

[0009] In some implementations, determining whether the number of reconnection requests for the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the request threshold can include determining whether the number of reconnection requests for a wireless device connected to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the request threshold.

[0010] In some implementations, determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion can include determining whether a predicted amount of noise on one or more wireless channels satisfies a noise criterion.Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one orAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1more actions for the property can be responsive to determining that the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion.

[0011] In some implementations, the method can include, in response to determining that the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion, initiating a timer to an active state; while the timer is in the active state: determining whether an updated predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion and to maintain the timer in the active state instead of ending the timer; and after determining whether the updated predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion and to maintain the timer in the active state instead of ending the timer, determining whether a duration of the timer satisfies a timer threshold. Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property can be responsive to determining that the duration of the timer satisfies the timer threshold.

[0012] In some implementations, the wireless access point can use a first wireless protocol. The method can include determining, using measurement data for the one or more wireless channels that was captured using a second, different wireless protocol, the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels. Determining whether the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion can use the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels based on measurements using the second, different wireless protocol that is different than the first wireless protocol used by the wireless access point.

[0013] In some implementations, the one or more wireless channels can include a plurality of subchannels. Determining the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels can include: computing, for two or more subchannels from the plurality of subchannels and using subchannel data that was captured using the second, different wireless protocol, a predicted amount of noise on the subchannel; and computing a noise combination by combining, from each of the two or more subchannels, the respective predicted amount of noise. Determining whether the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion can include determining whether the noise combination for the two or more subchannels satisfies the noise criterion.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0014] In some implementations, the method can include computing the noise criterion using the noise combination and a prior noise criterion for a prior time period. Computing the predicted amount of noise on the subchannel can include computing, for a current time period after the prior time period, the predicted amount of noise on the subchannel. Determining whether the noise combination for the two or more subchannels satisfies the noise criterion can include determining, for the current time period after the prior time period, whether the noise combination for the two or more subchannels satisfies the noise criterion.

[0015] In some implementations, computing the noise criterion can include: selecting, from a plurality of noise combinations including the noise combination, a selected noise combination that satisfies a selection criterion; and generating the noise criterion by combining the selected noise combination and the prior noise criterion for the prior time period.

[0016] In some implementations, the method can include determining the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels of the wireless access point using data from the wireless access point.

[0017] In some implementations, the one or more wireless channels can include one or more channels that overlap with at least one network channel used by the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point.

[0018] In some implementations, the one or more wireless channels can include one or more Bluetooth subchannels and the at least one network channel used by the wireless network can include a Wi-Fi network channel.

[0019] In some implementations, determining whether the change in the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the change criterion can include: determining, by a jamming detector that includes a wireless network antenna and is a separate device from the wireless access point, whether the change in the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the change criterion using data for the one or more channels captured by the wireless network antenna.

[0020] In some implementations, the wireless access point can use a first wireless protocol and the wireless network antenna can use a second, different wireless protocol.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0021] In some implementations, the method can include determining whether a predicted amount of noise on one or more wireless channels satisfies a noise criterion; and in response to determining that the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion, determining that the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion, wherein determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property are responsive to determining that the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion.

[0022] In some implementations, the method can include detecting, by a network detector at the property, one or more wireless network signatures; determining, using historical data for wireless network signature detections, a quantity of wireless network signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector. Determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion can include determining whether the quantity of wireless network signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector satisfies a quantity threshold. Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property can be responsive to determining that the quantity of wireless network signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector satisfies the quantity threshold.

[0023] In some implementations, detecting the one or more wireless network signatures can include detecting the one or more wireless network signatures for a frequency range from a plurality of frequency ranges. The method can include: selecting the one or more actions for the property using the frequency range.

[0024] In some implementations, the method can include maintaining a database of wireless access point reference signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector. Determining the quantity of wireless network signatures can include: determining, for each of one or more second wireless network signatures, whether the corresponding second wireless network signature satisfies a similarity criterion for a reference signature from the wireless access point reference signatures in the database by comparing the corresponding second wireless network signature to the reference signature; and determining the quantity of wireless network signatures using a second quantity of the second wirelessAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1network signatures that satisfy the similarity criterion for a reference signature from the wireless access point reference signatures in the database.

[0025] In some implementations, the method can include computing, for a candidate wireless access point signature, a score that indicates whether the candidate wireless access point signature is predicted to be detected by the network detector at a future time using a combination of a historical number of detections of the candidate wireless access point signature and a weighted detection history for a predetermined quantity of wireless access point signature detection cycles; determining, for the candidate wireless access point signature, whether the score satisfies a score threshold; and in response to determining that the score satisfies the score threshold, adding, to the database, the candidate wireless access point signature as a wireless access point reference signature.

[0026] In some implementations, the method can include detecting one or more wireless networks; and determining whether a quantity of the one or more detected wireless networks satisfies a minimum network threshold. Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property can be responsive to a) determining that the quantity of wireless network signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector satisfies the quantity threshold and b) determining that the quantity of the one or more detected wireless networks satisfies the minimum network threshold.

[0027] In some implementations, the method can include in response to determining that the quantity of the one or more detected wireless networks satisfies the minimum network threshold, registering a first anomaly; and in response to determining that the quantity of wireless network signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector satisfies the quantity threshold, registering a second anomaly, a plurality of registered anomalies including the first anomaly and the second anomaly. Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property can include: determining whether a quantity of the plurality of registered anomalies satisfies an anomaly threshold; and in response to determining that the quantity of the plurality of registered anomalies satisfies the anomaly threshold, determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0028] In some implementations, the method can include computing a quantity of cycles during which a first determination is made whether a second quantity of one or more detected second wireless networks satisfies the minimum network threshold or a second determination is made whether a second quantity of wireless network signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector satisfies the quantity threshold or both; determining whether the quantity of cycles satisfies a cycle threshold; and in response to determining that the quantity of cycles satisfies the cycle threshold, determining whether the quantity of the plurality of registered anomalies satisfies the anomaly threshold.

[0029] In some implementations, computing the quantity of cycles can include computing the quantity of cycles for a time period with a predetermined duration.

[0030] In some implementations, the method can include determining, for a current cycle, whether a wireless jamming event was determined as likely occurring during a prior sequential cycle to the current cycle; and selecting an action to perform using a result of the determination whether a wireless jamming event was determined as likely occurring during the prior sequential cycle to the current cycle.

[0031] In some implementations, determining whether the state of the wireless access point at the property satisfies the state criterion can include determining whether the wireless access point has a network connection with a backend system. Determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion can be responsive to determining that the wireless access point has a network connection with the backend system.

[0032] In some implementations, determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion can include determining whether one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point. Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property can be responsive to determining that the one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point.

[0033] In some implementations, determining whether the one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point can include determining whether a threshold amount of the one or more wirelessAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network. Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property can be responsive to determining that the threshold amount of the one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network.

[0034] In some implementations, determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion can include: in response to determining that state of the wireless access point at the property satisfies the state criterion, determining whether a second change in a second wireless network that is broadcast by a neighboring wireless access point, within a threshold distance of the property, satisfies a network change threshold; and in response to determining that the second change in the second wireless network that is broadcast by the neighboring wireless access point satisfies the network change threshold, determining whether one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point.

[0035] In some implementations, determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion can include determining whether the change in the wireless network that is broadcast by a neighboring wireless access point, within a threshold distance of the property, satisfies a network change threshold. Determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property can be responsive to determining that the change in the wireless network that is broadcast by the neighboring wireless access point satisfies the network change threshold.

[0036] In some implementations, determining the one or more characteristics of the potential jamming event can include determining a portion of the property at which the potential jamming event is occurring. Selecting the communication type can use data for the portion of the property at which the potential jamming event is occurring.

[0037] In some implementations, the portion of the property at which the potential jamming event is occurring can be a first side of the property. Selecting the communication type can use data that indicates the first side of the property or a second, opposite side of the property.

[0038] In some implementations, causing transmission of the one or more signals for the selected communication type can include causing transmission, using the selected communication type, of the one or more signals.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0039] In some implementations, causing transmission of the one or more signals for the selected communication type can include transmitting, to a device that has the selected communication type, a message to cause the device to transmit the one or more signals.

[0040] In some implementations, the selected communication type comprises a device selected from a group can include one or more of a robot, a vehicle, or a balloon. Causing transmission of the one or more signals can include sending a message to the device to cause the device to transmit the one or more signals.

[0041] In some implementations, selecting the communication type can include selecting, from the plurality of communication types that each enable communication with a system not physically located at the property, the communication type. Causing transmission of the one or more signals can include causing transmission of the one or more signals for detection by the system not physically located at the property.

[0042] In some implementations, selecting the communication type can include selecting at least one of an audio communication type or a video communication type. In response to selecting at least one of the audio communication type or the video communication type, transmitting the one or more signals can include transmitting, using at least one of a speaker or a light that are not physically located in a building at the property, the one or more signals encoded in sound waves generated by the speaker or encoded in light waves generated by the light.

[0043] In some implementations, determining the one or more characteristics of the potential jamming event can include predicting a physical location of a wireless network jammer. Selecting the communication type can include selecting, using the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer, a device that emits signals in a direction other than toward the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer. Causing transmission of the one or more signals for detection by the system not physically located at the property can include transmitting, to the device, a message that causes the device to emit the one or more signals in at least one direction other than toward the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer.

[0044] In some implementations, the system might not be physically located at the property is within a threshold distance of the property.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0045] In some implementations, selecting the communication type can include: determining, using the one or more characteristics of the potential jamming event, whether a likelihood that radio frequency communication would be blocked by the potential jamming event satisfies a likelihood threshold and will not reach an intended recipient system; and in response to determining that the likelihood that radio frequency communication would be blocked by the potential jamming event satisfies the likelihood threshold and will not reach an intended recipient system, selecting, from the plurality of communication types for the property, a non-radio frequency communication type.

[0046] In some implementations, the non-radio frequency communication type can be selected from a group comprising an emitted sound, or an emitted light.

[0047] In some implementations, the plurality of communication types can include one or more of triggering an alarm, triggering a warning sound, triggering a speaker, triggering a light, sending a message to another device within a threshold distance of the property, or selecting an alternate frequency for communication based on one or more frequencies jammed by the potential jamming event.

[0048] In some implementations, determining whether the corresponding contextual data set satisfies a corresponding jamming criterion can include: determining, for at least one communication channel for the wireless access point, an amount of energy on the corresponding communication channel; and determining whether the amount of energy on the communication channel satisfies the corresponding jamming criterion and indicates that a jamming event is likely occurring.

[0049] In some implementations, determining the amount of energy on the corresponding communication channel can include: sending, to a Bluetooth device at the property that performs one or more operations other than scanning Bluetooth channels, a request for Bluetooth channel information; receiving, from the Bluetooth device, a response that identifies the Bluetooth channel information; computing, using the Bluetooth channel information, a predicted amount of energy for the communication channel of the wireless access point.

[0050] In some implementations, the Bluetooth device might not be only a Bluetooth scanner.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0051] In some implementations, the method can include determining that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring during the time period for a second, different wireless access point; predicting a physical location of a wireless network jammer using first location data for the wireless access point and second location data for the second, different wireless access point; and selecting, from a plurality of actions and using the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer, the one or more actions to trigger for the property.

[0052] In some implementations, selecting the one or more actions can include selecting, from a plurality of devices located at the property, a device with which to send a message using the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer and a second location of the device; and triggering the one or more actions comprises transmitting, to the device, an instruction to cause the device to send the message to another system remote from the property.

[0053] In some implementations, transmitting the instruction can cause the device to send the message in a direction other than toward the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer and to the other system remote from the property.

[0054] In some implementations, the wireless access point and the second, different wireless access point might both physically located at the property.

[0055] In some implementations, detecting the plurality of sets of contextual data for the wireless access point at the property can include detecting two or more of: contextual data indicating a state of a wireless access point; contextual data indicating a change in a wireless network for the property; contextual data indicating one or more frequency bands normally detected at the property and that a device at the property was unable to detect during the time period; contextual data indicating a number of channels used for a frequency band; or contextual data indicating whether a device physically located in an area of the property can communicate with the wireless access point.

[0056] In some implementations, the change in the wireless network for the property can include a change in a first wireless network that is broadcast by a neighboring wireless access point or a change in a second wireless network that is broadcast by the wireless access point at the property.

[0057] The subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in various implementations and may result in one or more of the following advantages. In someAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1implementations, the systems and methods described in this specification can reduce jamming event false positives, increase a likelihood that jamming events are accurately detected, increase a likelihood that an action is taken for a potential jamming event, or any combination of these. For instance, by detecting potential jamming events using a jamming detector that has a wired transceiver, the systems and methods can reduce a likelihood that an action is not performed for a potential jamming event, e.g., that a backend system is not alerted about the potential jamming event.

[0058] The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] FIG. 1 depicts an example environment in which a jamming detector detects a jamming event at a property.

[0060] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a process for determining whether a jamming event is likely occurring.

[0061] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an example process for selecting a communication type.

[0062] FIGS. 4-5 are flow diagrams of a process for determining whether a jamming event is likely occurring.

[0063] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a property monitoring system.

[0064] Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Sometimes a malicious actor can jam a wireless network. For instance, a malicious actor can place a wireless network jammer within a threshold distance of a property. As a result, the wireless network jammer can prevent one or more wireless devices at the property, e.g., that are within a second threshold distance of the wireless network jammer, from accessing the network and communicating data over the network. This can include preventing a security camera, and other monitoring devices, at the property fromAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1detecting events, transmitting signals to a monitoring system or central alarm system, or a combination of both.

[0066] To detect a wireless network jamming event, a jamming detector can use one or more signals to determine whether a jamming event is likely occurring. The jamming detector can be any appropriate type of device that has both a wireless and a wired network connection, such as a camera, a smart gateway, or a computer. The one or more signals can include any appropriate combination of a router state, one or more wireless network signals, or data that indicates a loss of communication with other wireless devices, e.g., connected to the wireless network. The one or more wireless network signals can include a signal that indicates potential noise on, e.g., interference with, the wireless network at the property, one or more signals that indicate wireless signal strengths of other wireless networks within a third threshold distance of the property, e.g., neighbor wireless networks, or both.

[0067] The jamming detector can determine whether the one or more signals satisfy one or more jamming event criteria that indicate that a jamming event is likely occurring. The jamming event criteria can require a lack of communication with other wireless devices. The jamming event criteria can require an “on” router state, a “network connected” router state, or a combination of both. The jamming event criteria can require that the one or more wireless network signals indicate potential noise on the wireless network, wireless signal strengths for the other wireless networks that do not satisfy signal strength criteria that are normally satisfied when a jamming event is not occurring, or both.

[0068] Upon detecting a potential jamming event, the jamming detector can trigger one or more actions. For instance, the jamming detector can transmit a signal to a backend system, e.g., the monitoring system, the central alarm system, or both, that indicates the potential jamming event. The jamming detector can cause presentation of an alert on a device of a person for the property, e.g., a property owner or manager. The jamming detector can cause one or more automated actions at the property, such as triggering an alarm, triggering a warning sound, triggering a light, or any combination of these.

[0069] FIG. 1 depicts an example environment in which a jamming detector 108 detects a jamming event at a property 102. The jamming detector 108 uses multiple different signals to reduce a likelihood of a false positive. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can use a state of a wireless router 104, a noise level for the wireless router 104, one or moreAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1detected network energy levels, one or more network health metrics, a signal strength for one or more neighboring wireless routers 120, whether the jamming detector 108 can communicate with a wireless device at the property 102, or any combination of these.Although the examples described below generally refer to wireless routers, other appropriate types of access points can be used.

[0070] The property 102 includes multiple devices that can communicate over a wireless network that is broadcast by the wireless router 104, e.g., as one example wireless access point. The wireless devices can include monitoring devices, security devices, or other appropriate types of devices that communicate over a wireless network, such as a camera 106. The wireless access point can provide wireless network access to the various devices using one or more wireless protocols that require the wireless access point to communicate, e.g., in contrast to an ad hoc network that does not require a wireless access point for separate devices to communication, such as a Bluetooth®, Zigbee, Thread, or Zwave Long Range network. In some examples, the wireless access point can be a device that provides wireless network access to another network, e.g., the Internet.

[0071] The wireless router 104 can have a wired connection. The wired connection can couple the wireless router 104 with a modem, e.g., an ethernet modem, another appropriate type of device that provides network access, or other devices at the property 102. For instance, the wireless router 104, e.g., a wireless access point, can include a connection, whether wired or wireless, to a hub through which the wireless router 104 receives data from various devices at the property 102 that are connected to the hub, e.g., using a wired connection. The wireless router 104 can provide least some of this data to the jamming detector 108 for analysis, e.g., determining whether a potential jamming event is occurring. The network access can include network access to the Internet or another appropriate network. The network access can enable a wired connection, at least in part, between the wireless router 104 and a backend system 122, described in more detail below. In some examples, the wireless router 104 can be part of a modem, can couple to another wireless router, e.g., that couples with a modem, or a combination of both. By including both a wireless and wired connection, e.g., instead of a wireless router that is only a wireless access point without a wired connection, the state of the wireless router 104 can more accuratelyAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1represent a condition of a network at the property 102, e.g., whether the network is down or not.

[0072] The jamming detector 108 includes both a wired transceiver 110 for wired network communications and a wireless transceiver for wireless network communications. The wireless network connection enables the jamming detector 108 to communicate wirelessly using at least the wireless network of the wireless router 104. In some examples, the wireless transceiver or another wireless transceiver can enable the jamming detector 108 to communicate using another wireless network, e.g., other than the wireless network of the wireless router 104. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can have a cellular transceiver, a LoRa transceiver, another appropriate type of wireless transceiver, or any combination of these. The wired network connection enables the jamming detector 108 to communicate with the wireless router 104 during a potential jamming event when wireless communications are blocked or otherwise less reliable. In some implementations, the jamming detector 108 might not have a wired transceiver for a wired network connection. For instance, when the jamming detector 108 has a cellular transceiver or a LoRa transceiver, e.g., or another transceiver that is more resistant to jamming, the jamming detector 108 might not have a wired transceiver. In implementations in which the jamming detector 108 includes a cellular transceiver or a LoRa transceiver, whether or not the jamming detector 108 includes a wired transceiver, the jamming detector 108 can use the cellular transceiver, the LoRa transceiver, the wired transceiver, or any combination of these, to perform actions described in this specification with respect to the wired transceiver, e.g., triggering an action responsive to detection of a jamming event.

[0073] During time period To, a jamming event occurs. For instance, a wireless network jammer 116 is located within a distance threshold from the property, e.g., from the wireless router 104. The wireless network jammer 116 might be placed at the property 102, e.g., by a nefarious actor, on a first day. The wireless network jammer 116 might be placed under a rock or in a bush on the property’s grass. The wireless network jammer 116 can later broadcast a wireless jamming signal that causes the jamming event. For instance, the wireless network jammer 116 receives an initiate signal, e.g., from a device operated by the nefarious actor such as a mobile device, a few days or weeks after being placed at the property 102 and, in response, begins broadcasting the wireless jamming signal.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0074] Placement of the wireless network jammer 116 separate from initiation of the wireless jamming signal can reduce a likelihood of detection of the jamming event, the nefarious actor, or both. For instance, the nefarious actor might place the wireless network jammer 116 in an area within the threshold distance of the property 102 that is not covered by a monitoring system at the property 102 or a neighboring property 118. Although the property’s monitoring system might capture some sensor data of the nefarious actor, e.g., an image of the nefarious actor, the lack of sensor data of the nefarious actor placing the wireless network jammer 116 reduces a likelihood that the monitoring system can detect that the nefarious actor is actually nefarious.

[0075] In some instances, if a sensor for the monitoring system, e.g., the property’s 102 monitoring system, detects the nefarious actor and triggers an alert, there can be a race condition. For instance, if the nefarious actor triggers the transmission of the wireless jamming signal, and the jamming event, immediately upon placing the wireless network jammer 116, the sensor, e.g., a camera 106, might not determine that the nefarious actor is involved in a security event in sufficient time to transmit an alert signal to another device before the sensor is unable to use the wireless network for transmission because of the jamming event.

[0076] If the monitoring system infers that there is a jamming event because the monitoring system cannot communicate with the sensor, the monitoring system can trigger a false positive. Some potential causes of a false positive, when a jamming event is not occurring, can include the sensor being turned off, the sensor losing power, e.g., when powered by a battery or otherwise, the wireless router 104 being disabled, or any combination of these.

[0077] The jamming detector 108 can use multiple signals to detect a potential jamming event. This can eliminate the potential race condition, reduce false positives, or a combination of both. The signals can include a state of a wireless router 104, a noise level for the wireless router 104, a signal strength for one or more neighboring wireless routers 120, or whether the jamming detector 108 can communicate with a wireless device at the property 102.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0078] The jamming detector 108 can use one or more jamming event criteria 114 to detect a potential jamming event. Each of the jamming event criteria 114 can correspond to one of the signals the jamming detector 108 can use to detect a potential jamming event.

[0079] During time period Ti, the jamming detector 108 determines a state of the wireless router 104. The jamming detector 108 can use the wired transceiver 110, e.g., an ethernet connection, that communicates with the wireless router 104 to determine the state. This can reduce a likelihood that the jamming detector 108 is unable to determine the state of the wireless router 104 because of a jamming event.

[0080] The jamming detector 108 can compare the state to one or more of the jamming event criteria 114. For instance, the jamming event criteria 114 can include a state criterion. The state criterion can require that, e.g., be satisfied when, the wireless router 104 is on, is broadcasting a wireless network, enables a network connection with the backend system 122, e.g., a central alarm system or a first responder system, or any combination of these. The wireless router 104 can enable a network connection with the backend system 122 by providing the jamming detector 108 a potential network path to the backend system, e.g., enabling the jamming detector 108 to maintain, at least temporarily, a network connection with the backend system through the wireless router 104. The state criterion is not satisfied when the wireless router 104 is off or otherwise not broadcasting a wireless network.

[0081] In some instances, by checking the wireless router 104 state before at least some of the other signals, the jamming detector 108 can reduce other operations performed as part of a jamming event detection process. This can reduce computational resources used because some of the other signals used during the jamming event detection process would return alert values if the wireless router 104 is in an inoperable state. An inoperable state can include when the wireless router 104 is off, not broadcasting a wireless network, does not have a network connection with the backend system 122, or any combination of these.

[0082] If the state criterion or criteria are not satisfied, the jamming detector 108 can perform a corresponding action. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can determine whether there is a network outage when the state criterion is not satisfied because the wireless router 104 does not have a network connection with the backend system 122. The jamming detector can trigger an alert, e.g., for a presentation device associated with theAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1property 102, when the wireless router is off or otherwise not broadcasting a wireless network.

[0083] During time period T2, the jamming detector 108 performs one or more wireless network jamming check operations using the wireless transceiver 110. This can include checking a status of other wireless networks for neighboring properties 118 that are broadcast by neighboring wireless routers 120. The neighboring properties 118 can be properties that are within a second threshold distance from the property 102. This second threshold distance can be defined by the wireless network signals transmitted by the neighboring wireless routers 120 and the distance from which these wireless network signals can be detected. In some examples, there can be multiple second distance thresholds, e.g., for different types of wireless network signals, for different routers that broadcast wireless network signals at different signal strengths, or any combination of these.

[0084] In these examples, the jamming event criteria 114 can include a network change threshold. The network change threshold can be any appropriate type of threshold that triggers in response to detection of a change of a wireless network. For instance, a network change threshold can indicate that a percentage change, a numerical value change, or a combination of both, indicate that a neighboring wireless router’s 120 signal is potentially indicative of a potential jamming event. When a jamming event occurs, the jamming detector 108 is less likely to detect at least some neighboring wireless networks of the neighboring properties 118, e.g., specifically those neighboring wireless networks that are within the threshold distance of the wireless network jammer.

[0085] The network change threshold can indicate that, e.g., be satisfied when, the jamming detector 108 is unable to detect a neighboring wireless network, that a neighboring wireless network has a reduced signal strength, or a combination of both, e.g., for different neighboring wireless routers 120. This can reduce the likelihood of predicting that a false jamming event is occurring given wireless network problems for the wireless router 104, or routers, at the property, given that one or more wireless devices at the property 102 are turned off, or both. The network change threshold can be satisfied when a neighboring wireless network has a reduced signal strength, e.g., by a threshold amount, or is not detected. When the network change threshold is for a signal strength, the threshold can be a signal strength threshold.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0086] In some implementations, the jamming detector 108 can determine whether an amount of neighboring wireless routers 120 for which the network change threshold is satisfied satisfies an amount threshold. The amount threshold can be any appropriate type of threshold, e.g., a percentage or an integer value. For instance, when the jamming detector 108 detects that the wireless router 104 has an operable state, e.g., is on, is broadcasting the wireless network, and is connected to the backend system 122, and that one neighboring wireless router 120 is no longer detected, e.g., out of a total of three neighboring wireless routers, the jamming detector 108 can determine that there is not likely a jamming event or that there is not likely a jamming event for the property 102.

[0087] The jamming detector 108 can analyze data for other types of wireless devices other than neighboring wireless routers 120. The other types of devices include devices that can broadcast their own networks, such as a wireless access point, e.g., wireless only access point; a printer; or a smart plug. The other types of devices can include devices that broadcast beacon frames to announce their presence on a network. By using a wider variety of device types, wireless signal types, or both, the jamming detector 108 can have a higher confidence in a determination whether a jamming event is detected. For instance, the more devices that the jamming detector 108 detects, monitors, generates historical data for, or any combination of these, in a network scan, the lower the likelihood that a single device going offline, e.g., because a neighbor unplugged it, will trigger detection of a jamming event.

[0088] The jamming detector 108 can determine a value for the network change threshold using historical data for the neighboring wireless routers 120. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can determine an average signal strength for a neighboring wireless router 120 and use that average signal strength for the analysis of whether a signal strength threshold is satisfied. When the signal strength threshold is satisfied, the jamming detector 108 can determine that there is a potential jamming event. When the signal strength threshold is not satisfied, the jamming detector 108 can determine that there is not likely a jamming event.

[0089] The jamming event criteria 114 can include a noise criterion. The jamming detector 108 can use the noise criterion to determine whether a predicted amount of noise for the wireless network broadcast by the wireless router 104 at the property indicates that there might be a potential jamming event. Since the jamming detector 108 can connect to theAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1wireless network broadcast by the wireless router 104 the jamming detector 108 can generate historical data for the wireless network. The jamming detector 108 can use this historical data to determine a model that represents one or more properties of the wireless network. The jamming detector 108 can use this model to determine whether the noise criterion is satisfied. The noise criterion can be satisfied when the wireless network signal strength is lower than a baseline signal strength represented by the model, e.g., indicating that there is a potential jamming event; there is a jump above a noise floor across multiple channels, e.g., Wi-Fi® channels; a predicted amount of noise satisfies a noise threshold, e.g., for a threshold time period; or any combination of these. When the noise criterion is not satisfied, the jamming detector 108 can determine that there is not likely a jamming event.

[0090] The jamming event criteria 114 can include a network energy level criterion. The jamming detector 108 can monitor network energy levels for the wireless router 104, the neighboring wireless routers 120, or a combination of both. The jamming detector 108 can store data, e.g., historical data, that indicates the monitored network energy levels. When the jamming detector 108 detects a change in a current network energy level for a wireless router 104 or 120 that differs from the historical network energy levels for that wireless router by an amount that satisfies the network energy level criterion, the jamming detector 108 can determine that there is a potential jamming event. When the jamming detector 108 determines that the difference between the current network energy level and the historical network energy levels for that wireless router do not satisfy the network energy level criterion, the jamming detector 108 can determine that there is not likely a jamming event.

[0091] The one or more network health metrics can include any appropriate types of metrics for a wireless network. The wireless network can be any appropriate type of wireless network, e.g., broadcast by the wireless router 104 or one of the neighboring wireless routers 120. Some examples of heath metrics can include an energy level; a signal level; a noise level; a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); a throughput rate; a packet loss value; a channel utilization measure; a retransmission rate; an error rate; a latency; a jitter; an access point (AP) availability; a client connection stability; a channel change value; an authentication failure measure; an association failures measure; a roaming events measure; a beacon frame analysis measure; or any appropriate combination of two or more of these. In some examples,Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1the health metrics might not include the status of the wireless network, e.g., whether a corresponding router is broadcasting the wireless network.

[0092] The network health metrics can represent any appropriate types of data, e.g., diagnostic data. For instance, an energy level can be a measure the total radio frequency energy in the network band, e.g., in a Wi-Fi band. Although some of the examples in this specification refer to Wi-Fi, when appropriate, these examples can also apply to other protocols that use Carrier Sense Multiple Access (“CSMA”) such as Bluetooth®, Zigbee, or Thread, e.g., instead of or in addition to Wi-Fi®. For instance, the total radio frequency energy can be measured using a communication protocol, such as Bluetooth®, that can operate in the same radio frequency spectrum as a Wi-Fi® band, e.g., 2.4 GHz. The jamming detector 108 can use the energy level to detect an amount of noise, e.g., excessive noise. The amount of noise can be a predicted amount of noise. The jamming detector 108 can use a signal level to assess the strength of the network, e.g., Wi-Fi®, signal from one or more access points, one or more clients, or a combination of both. The jamming detector can use a noise level to determine the background noise in the wireless, e.g., Wi-Fi®, band. The jamming detector 108 can use a signal-to-noise ratio to evaluate the quality of the wireless, e.g., Wi-Fi®, signal relative to the noise level.

[0093] In some examples, the jamming detector 108 can use a throughput rate to monitor the data transfer rate. The jamming detector 108 can monitor the throughput rate to determine whether it continues to satisfy a throughput threshold, e.g., that when not satisfied can indicate that the throughput rate drops unexpectedly indicating a potential jamming event. The jamming detector 108 can use a packet loss value to track the percentage of lost packets to identify disruptions in communication. A channel utilization measure can be a measure of the percentage of time the channel is busy. The jamming detector 108 can use the channel utilization measure to detect congestion or noise on the wireless network. The retransmission rate can be a count of the number of packet retransmissions. The jamming detector 108 can use the retransmission rate to predict an amount of noise or poor signal quality.

[0094] In some implementations, the jamming detector 108 can use an error rate to monitor the rate of corrupted packets. A latency can be a measure of the time it takes for data to travel from a source to a destination on a network. The jamming detector 108 can use aAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1jiter to assess the variability in packet arrival times. The jamming detector 108 can use an access point availability as a measure of the status, uptime, or both, of a corresponding access point. The jamming detector 108 can use a client connection stability to track the frequency of client disconnections and reconnections, e.g., for a network.

[0095] The jamming detector 108 can generate a channel changes value by monitoring how often the wireless access point changes channels. When the channel change frequency satisfies, e.g., is greater than, a threshold value, the jamming detector 108 can determine that the corresponding router might be atempting to avoid noise, e.g., caused by a jamming event. The jamming detector 108 can track a number of failed authentication attempts, and use the tracked data to generate authentication failures measure. The jamming detector 108 can monitor a number of failed attempts by clients to associate with an access point, using a corresponding wireless network, and use the monitored data to generate an association failures measure. The jamming detector 108 can use a roaming events measure to represent a count of how many times clients switch between access points. When the roaming events measure satisfies a corresponding threshold, e.g., is greater than the corresponding threshold, the jamming detector can predict that a client might be having mobility issues, noise, or both, which can indicate a potential jamming event. The jamming detector can generate a beacon frame analysis measure by analyzing the frequency, integrity, signal strength (e.g., a received signal strength indicator), or a combination of these, of beacon frames to ensure one or more access points are likely functioning correctly.

[0096] During time period T3, the jamming detector 108 monitors one or more connection transmissions (“TXs”) for the wireless devices 106 at the property 102. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can ping one or more wireless devices 106 at the property 102. This can include the jamming detector 108 determining whether it can wirelessly communicate with the one or more wireless devices 106 at the property 102. The jamming detector 108 uses the wireless transceiver 112 to ping the wireless devices 106. The jamming detector 108 can use any appropriate protocol to ping the wireless devices 106.

[0097] In some instances, the jamming detector 108 can determine whether, how much, or both, a wireless device 106 is transmiting reconnection requests to the wireless router 104. For example, a jamming event might not completely stop all connection between the wireless device 106 and the wireless router 104. Instead, the jamming event might causeAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1any connection between the wireless device 106 and the wireless router 104 to be too strenuous that the connection likely cannot be used to transmit data, e.g., sensor data such as images. As a result, the wireless device 106 might send repeated reconnection requests to the wireless router 104. By monitoring a number of these requests, the jamming detector 108 can determine if the number of requests is likely normal, e.g., and does not satisfy a request threshold. If so, the jamming detector 108 can determine that the number of requests likely does not indicate a potential jamming event. If not, and the number of reconnection requests satisfies the request threshold, the jamming detector 108 can determine that the number of requests might indicate a potential jamming event.

[0098] The jamming detector 108 can get data that indicates the number of reconnection requests using any appropriate process. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can receive the data from the wireless router 104; can monitor network traffic, e.g., when reconnection requests are unencrypted; or both.

[0099] The jamming detector 108 uses responses to the pings, a lack of responses, a number of reconnection requests, or any combination of these, to determine whether the jamming event criteria 114 are satisfied. For instance, the jamming event criteria can include a threshold amount. The threshold amount can be a percentage of wireless devices at the property, or a quantity of devices. In some instances, the threshold amount can be a percentage of wireless devices that communicate using a wireless network protocol, from a plurality of wireless network protocols. The wireless network protocol can be the same protocol used for the wireless network broadcast by the wireless router 104. By using the same protocol, the jamming detector 108 can reduce computational resource usage that might be required to ping all wireless devices at the property 102 when some of those devices use different protocols, e.g., 802.11a, 802.11g, 802.1 In, 802.1 lax, Bluetooth®, orLoRa®, to name a few examples.

[0100] The jamming detector 108 can use the responses to the pings, lack of responses, the number of reconnection requests, or any combination of these, to detect the potential jamming event. For instance, one or more of the neighboring wireless networks might satisfy a network change threshold given environmental changes, such as a storm. By determining whether the jamming detector 108 can communicate with wireless devices 106 at the property, the jamming detector 108 can increase a likelihood that a prediction about aAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1potential jamming event is accurate, a likelihood that the potential jamming event is occurring, a likelihood that the potential jamming event is affecting devices at the property 102, or any combination of these.

[0101] The jamming detector 108 can perform the operations described for the time periods Ti, T2, and T3 in any appropriate order. For instance, the jamming detector can perform at least some operations for the time periods in parallel, e.g., some operations from T2 and T3 in parallel. In some instances, the jamming detector 108 can perform some of the operations for the time period T3 before or after the operations for the time period T2.

[0102] Table 1, below, includes three example scenarios A, B, and C, with corresponding jamming event criteria information. For each of the three scenarios, Table 1 indicates whether there is a potential jamming event. Other scenarios are possible.

[0103] Upon detecting a potential jamming event, the jamming detector 108 can perform any one or more appropriate actions. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can transmit a signal to the backend system 122. The jamming detector 108 can use the wired transceiver 110, a wireless protocol other than any jammed wireless protocols, or aAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1combination of both. In some examples, the jamming detector 108 can use LoRa® to transmit the signal when the jamming event affects another protocol, e.g., Wi-Fi®.

[0104] The jamming detector 108 can determine a protocol to use for transmitting the signal. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can have a plurality of communication protocols that include both wired and wireless communication protocols. The jamming detector 108 can use data for the jamming event to select a communication protocol from the plurality of communication protocols to use.

[0105] The plurality of communication protocols can include a protocol for communicating with a neighboring wireless device. For example, when the jamming detector 108 can communicate with a neighboring wireless device 120 but is unable to communicate with a network 124 using the wired transceiver 110, the jamming detector 108 can transmit the signal to the neighboring wireless device 120. The neighboring wireless device 120 can then transmit the signal directly or indirectly to the backend system 122.

[0106] The signal can identify the potential jamming event. In some examples, the signal can indicate that there is a potential security event at the property 102. Given the placement of the wireless network jammer 116 within the threshold distance of the property 102, detection of the jamming event can indicate that someone might try to break into the property 102. As a result, the backend system 122 can cause dispatch of one or more security personnel to the property, e.g., whether police officers or employees of a security company.

[0107] In some implementations, the actions can include triggering an alert at the property 102. The alert can be for people in a building at the property, e.g., employees or residents of the property. The alert can be for any people outside a building at the property, e.g., the nefarious actor. The alert can be any appropriate type, e.g., visible, audible, or both. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can trigger one or more sirens. This can include the jamming detector 108 transmitting instructions to one or more devices at the property 102 to cause the devices to emit sound. The devices can be wired or wireless, e.g., using a different protocol other than the one or more protocols affected by the jamming event. For example, when the jamming detector 108 or another control device at the property 102 determines that 2.4 GHz is full of noise, the control device can select another communication protocol, e.g., another frequency range, to use to communicate with device. The control device can send an instruction that indicates whether the other device, e.g., the robot, will have to operateAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1autonomously, e.g., once the device leaves a building on the property 102, or is at a distance that satisfies a threshold distance from the building.

[0108] The jamming detector 108 can communicate with the backend system 122 using the wireless router 104. For instance, the wireless router 104 can include one or more wire ports, e.g., ethernet ports. The jamming detector 108 can be coupled with the wireless router 104 using a cable that couples a port on the jamming detector 108 with a corresponding port on the wireless router 104.

[0109] Any of the properties 102, 118 can have any appropriate number of wireless routers 104, 120, jamming detectors 108, or a combination of both. For example, the property 102 can have two wireless routers 104. The property 102 can have one or more jamming detectors 108.

[0110] When the property 102 has a single wireless router 104, the jamming detector 108 is a separate device from the wireless router 104. This enables the jamming detector 108 to detect the state of the wireless router 104 including whether the wireless router 104 is off.

[0111] When the property has multiple wireless routers 104, the jamming detector 108 can be implemented in at least some, e.g., all, of the wireless routers 104. In this way, each of the wireless routers 104 can check the state of the other wireless routers and perform the other operations described with reference to the jamming detector 108.

[0112] In some implementations, the jamming detector 108 can have one or more features that increase a likelihood that the jamming detector 108 cannot be disabled, e.g., that the jamming detector 108 is always enabled. For instance, the jamming detector 108 can be physically positioned in a secure location inside the property 102, e.g., at a location that is not accessible by an unauthorized person at the property 102, such as in a building or another secure area of the property 102. The jamming detector 108 can couple with a redundant power source, such as a battery back-up to provide redundancy if the jamming detector 108 is unplugged or the property 102 loses power. The battery back-up can be included in the jamming detector 108 or otherwise couple to the jamming detector 108. In some examples, the jamming detector 108 can have a tamper detection system to trigger an alert when the tamper detection system detects potential tampering with the jamming detector 108.

[0113] The jamming detector 108 is an example of a system implemented as computer programs on one or more computers in one or more locations, in which theAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1systems, components, and techniques described in this specification are implemented. The jamming detector 108 can include any appropriate type of device, such as a network security device, e.g., firewall, a smart device, a router, or another device that can send and receive data over the network 124. The network 124, such as a local area network (“LAN”), wide area network (“WAN”), the Internet, or a combination thereof, connects the wireless router 104, the jamming detector 108, and the backend system 122. In some implementations, the network 124 can connect the neighboring wireless networks. In some examples, the backend system can be part of, e.g., implemented on, a monitoring system at the property 102. The jamming detector 108 can use a single computer or multiple computers operating in conjunction with one another, including, for example, a set of remote computers deployed as a cloud computing service.

[0114] The jamming detector 108 can include several different functional components, including a database that maintains the jamming event criteria 114 and a jamming detection engine, e.g., that can perform the operations described in this specification for detecting a potential jamming event. Any combination of one or more of these components can include one or more data processing apparatuses, can be implemented in code, or a combination of both. For instance, each of these components can include one or more data processors and instructions that cause the one or more data processors to perform the operations discussed herein.

[0115] In some instances, the jamming detector 108 can include one or more antenna. The antenna can be for a wireless protocol. When the jamming detector 108 includes one antenna, the one antenna can be for a second, different wireless protocol than a first wireless protocol used by the wireless router 104. In these examples, the jamming detector 108 can be part of the same device that includes the wireless router 104 or a separate device. The jamming detector 108 can use the one or more antenna to detect one or more wireless networks, a wireless network signature, noise on a wireless network, noise on a wireless channel frequency, noise on a wireless subchannel frequency, or any combination of these.

[0116] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a process 200 for determining whether a jamming event is likely occurring. For example, the process 200 can be used by the jamming detector 108 from the environment 100.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0117] A jamming detector determines whether a state of a wireless router at the property satisfies a state criterion (202). The jamming detector can use any appropriate operations to determine a state, or multiple states for different properties, of the wireless router. The jamming detector can compare the states with corresponding state criterion to determine whether the state criterion is satisfied.

[0118] When the jamming detector determines that any of the criteria are not satisfied, whether for operation 202 or operations 204, 206, or 208, the jamming detector can determine that a wireless jamming event is not likely occurring, as described in more detail below.

[0119] In some instances, the jamming detector can determine whether there was previously a wireless connection for a wireless device. If not, the jamming detector can determine that a jamming event is not likely occurring. If so, the jamming detector can perform one or more additional operations for jamming detection, e.g., operations from the process 200.

[0120] The jamming detector determines whether a predicted amount of noise on a channel used by the wireless router satisfies a noise criterion (204). The jamming detector can detect the predicted amount of noise in any appropriate manner. For instance, the jamming detector can detect noise using a signal from another wireless component, e.g., that uses a different communication protocol. The different communication protocol can be a Bluetooth® communication protocol when the communication protocol for the wireless router is Wi-Fi®. In some instances, the jamming detector can detect an noise level for a wireless network broadcast by the wireless router . The noise level can indicate a weakening in the wireless network broadcast by the wireless router. The jamming detector can detect the noise using a signal strength, a transmission speed, a regularity of network connectivity, a loss of reception, or any combination of these, for the wireless router.

[0121] The jamming detector can compare the noise level with the noise criterion. The jamming detector can determine that the noise criterion is satisfied, for example, when the noise level is greater than or equal to the noise criterion.

[0122] The jamming detector determines whether a change in a second wireless network that is broadcast by a neighboring wireless router satisfies a network change threshold (206). The neighboring wireless router is within a threshold distance of theAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1property. The change can be any appropriate type of change that the jamming detector can detect.

[0123] The jamming detector can use a type of data accessible by the jamming detector when determining whether the change satisfies the network change threshold. For example, the jamming detector can have access to more data types when the jamming detector has credentials for the neighboring wireless router, e.g., credentials to access a wireless network broadcast by the neighboring wireless router. When the jamming detector does not have credentials for the neighboring wireless router, the jamming detector might only be able to use a signal strength for a neighboring wireless network, as one example of a second wireless network, that is broadcast by the neighboring wireless router. When the jamming detector has credentials for the neighboring wireless router, the jamming detector might have access to a transmission speed, a regularity of network connectivity, a loss of reception, or any combination of these, for the neighboring wireless router.

[0124] In some examples, at least some of the second wireless networks can be networks broadcast by other wireless routers in the same property as the wireless network. For instance, when the property has multiple wireless routers, the jamming detector can perform various operations for each of the wireless routers separately, or at least partially concurrently.

[0125] The jamming detector determines whether one or more wireless devices at the property do not have a connection that satisfies a connection criterion (208). For instance, the jamming detector can determine whether a wireless devices does not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless router, whether a number of reconnection requests satisfies a request threshold, or any combination of these. The jamming detector can perform one or more operations to determine whether the one or more wireless devices, e.g., cameras and other types of sensors such as motion sensor and glass breaking detectors, do not have access to the wireless network. In some implementations, the jamming detector can track a number of reconnection requests received from a wireless device, e.g., from the one or more wireless devices. When that number satisfies, e.g., is greater than or equal to, a request threshold, the jamming detector can determine that the connection criterion is satisfied, e.g., and the wireless device might be jammed.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0126] The jamming detector can use any appropriate type of data, or lack thereof, to determine whether the one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network. For instance, the jamming detector can use responses to network pings, a time period threshold, or a combination of both, to determine whether the one or more wireless devices do not have access to the wireless network. When the time period threshold passes after the jamming detector sends a ping to a wireless device, the jamming detector can determine that the wireless device likely does not have access to the wireless network.

[0127] In some implementations, the jamming detector can receive a response from a wireless device using a protocol different from the protocol used for the wireless network. For instance, the jamming detector can ping the wireless device using a first protocol, e.g., Wi-Fi®, and receive a response using a second protocol, e.g., Bluetooth® or LoRa®. The jamming detector can determine that the wireless device likely does not have access to the wireless network when receiving a response to a ping via the second protocol.

[0128] When the wireless router broadcasts different types of wireless networks with different protocols, the jamming detector can perform one or more operations for one of those wireless networks. For instance, when the jamming detector detects noise with the one of those wireless networks, the jamming detector can determine whether one or more second wireless networks of the same type, e.g., protocol, satisfy the network change threshold, whether the one or more wireless devices do not have access to the one of those wireless networks, or any combination of these.

[0129] The jamming detector determines that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggers one or more actions for the property (210). For instance, when the jamming event criteria described in one or more of operations 202, 204, 206, and 208 are satisfied, the jamming detector can determine that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring.

[0130] The one or more actions can be any appropriate type of actions. Some example actions can include triggering an alarm, triggering a warning sound, triggering a speaker, triggering a light, sending a message to another device within a threshold distance of the property, selecting an alternate frequency for communication based on one or more frequencies jammed by the wireless jamming event, or any combination of these.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0131] Triggering an alarm can include transmitting a signal to another device or system for the property that indicates an alarm condition. For instance, the jamming detector can transmit a signal to a backend system, such as a backend monitoring system. The receiving device or system can then perform one or more actions in response to receipt of the signal that indicates the alarm condition.

[0132] Triggering a warning sound can cause the jamming detector, or another device at the property that includes a speaker, to emit the warning sound. The warning sound can be a sound that can deter a potential intruder from breaking into the property. This might occur because the jamming event might increase a likelihood that sensor data is not transmitted by the sensors at the property to the backend system 122, increasing a likelihood that a break-in is not detected by the backend system 122 during the actual break-in event.

[0133] In some examples, the jamming detector can trigger a speaker, a light, or both, to emit sound waves, light waves, or both, with an encoded message. The speaker, the light, or both, can be physically located outside, e.g., not located in a building at the property. The property might not have a building, e.g., when the property is for a construction site or another appropriate type of property without a building. The encoded message can include details about the alert. The details can include an identifier for the property at which the jamming event is occurring, e.g., the property address. The details can indicate the sensors that are being jammed. The details can indicate a portion of the property that is affected by the property, e.g., whether all wireless sensors or only some wireless sensors are affected. For instance, the details can indicate that all sensors on the south side of the property are affected and a potential break-in might occur on that south side.

[0134] The details can include information about a state of the property, such as whether any occupants are at the property, a number of occupants, the state of a security system at the property, e.g., armed or unarmed, or any combination of these. In some examples, the details can include contextual data for the jamming event, e.g., that one or more sensors detected a person approaching the property after the jamming event began, a description of the person, or both. The details can include routing information for the message, e.g., intended recipients; can indicate whether it is a test message; can include data about another alternate channel that may transmit higher bandwidth or serve as a backup to the one being used; can indicate frequencies affected; can indicate the means of jammingAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1detection; can indicate the confidence of jamming detection; can indicate the specific devices that are affected by the jamming; or any combination of these. For example, an audio signal might contain the location of an IR beacon transmitting a line of sight message.

[0135] When using lights, sound, or both, to encode a message, the message can be encoded in any appropriate manner. For instance, the message can be encoded using Morse code.

[0136] In some implementations, the jamming detector can transmit one or more signals to multiple lights. The multiple lights can form a pattern, e.g., visible from about the property. A device that is above the lights can detect the pattern and use the pattern to determine a signal, e.g., that indicates that a potential jamming event is occurring. The device that is above the lights can be a drone, e.g., flying over the property, a satellite, or another appropriate device.

[0137] Another device can detect the encoded message and perform an action in response. For instance, a vehicle at the property can detect the signal and perform one or more actions in response. The actions can include the vehicle flashing its lights, triggering its horn, or both. The actions performed by the vehicle can include actions that transmit at least a portion or all of the encoded message. For example, when the vehicle includes cameras, microphones, or both, that detect the encoded message triggered by the jamming detector, the vehicle can encode the message in the sequence of flashes of its own lights, e.g., using Morse code.

[0138] In some implementations, the other device can include a moveable device, such as a robot, e.g., a drone, or a balloon. The other device, upon detecting a triggering signal from the jamming detector, can perform one or more actions to distribute alarm information outside of the property. For instance, a robot can navigate to an area predicted to be outside the jamming event. Once in the area predicted to be outside the jamming event, the robot can transmit a signal to the backend system that indicates that the jamming event is occurring. The backend system can perform any appropriate action in response. When a balloon detects the signal, or a system that includes a balloon, the system can launch the balloon. The balloon can transmit a subsequent signal that indicates that the jamming event is occurring.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0139] Signals that indicate that a jamming event is occurring can indicate an alarm event. For instance, these signals can indicate that an alarm event is likely occurring at the property or within a threshold distance of the property, e.g., at a neighboring property, given the detection of the jamming event. The signal can be any appropriate type of signal, e.g., transmitted using light waves, sound waves, another appropriate type of wave, or any combination of these. For instance, a speaker at the property can use infrasound to transmit one or more signals through a pipe, concrete, rock, another appropriate type of material, or any combination of these, which enables the one or more transmitted signals to be detected by another device. The other device can then transmit a signal to the backend system that indicates that a potential jamming event is occurring.

[0140] The device, e.g., vehicle or balloon, can be within a threshold distance of the property. The threshold distance can be any appropriate distance. In some instances, the threshold distance can be based on a communication type that the jamming detector can use to trigger the device. For instance, when the communication type is use of lights the threshold distance can be shorter than if the communication type were sound. Some examples of threshold distances can include a driveway or street for the property in which a vehicle is located, a roof of a building on the property on which a balloon system is located, or a combination of both.

[0141] In some implementations, the jamming detector can select an alternative form of communication using characteristics about the jamming event. For instance, when the jamming event interferes with communications of a first frequency range, the jamming detector can select a second frequency range, and a corresponding communication type, for communication, e.g., of data about the jamming event. The second frequency range can be at least a threshold distance from the first frequency range. The jamming detector can maintain a database of usable frequency ranges and second the second frequency range from the database.

[0142] The jamming detector can determine the action to perform using any appropriate data. For example, the jamming detector can maintain data that indicates whether any neighboring properties have monitoring systems with which the jamming detector or another device at the property can communicate. If so, the jamming detector can select an action that has the highest likelihood of transmitting a signal to the neighboring propertiesAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1with monitoring systems. These actions can include triggering a speaker, light, or both, to encode a message, sending a message to another device, selecting an alternative communication frequency, or any combination of these. If not, the jamming detector can perform an action that can deter any potential intruder, increase a likelihood of communicating with a backend system, or both. This can include triggering a warning sound, sending a message to another device, selecting an alternative communication frequency, or any combination of these.

[0143] The signal can encode any appropriate type of information about the jamming event. For instance, the signal can encode a predicted location of a wireless network jammer, whether the wireless network jammer is likely moving, types of sensors that have been disabled, information about a status of the property, information about any potential occupants at the property, or any combination of these.

[0144] In some instances, the jamming detector or another device at the property can determine whether a threshold likelihood that a neighboring property has a monitoring system is satisfied. For instance, the device can analyze sensor data of other properties within a threshold distance of the property and determine whether any of those properties likely has a monitoring system with which the jamming detector can communicate, e.g., which communication can be in any appropriate manner.

[0145] The jamming detector determines that a wireless jamming event is not likely occurring (212). For example, when at least one of the jamming event criteria descried in one or more of operations 202, 206, and 208 is not satisfied, the jamming detector can determine that a wireless jamming event is not likely occurring. As a result, the jamming detector can determine to skip triggering one or more actions for the property that would have been performed in a potential jamming event was detected, e.g., if the jamming detector determined that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring.

[0146] In some implementations, the jamming detector can perform one or more operations specific to the particular jamming event criteria that are satisfied. For instance, if the wireless router does not have Internet connectivity, the jamming detector can reboot the wireless router, provide instructions for presentation of a notification on a device about the lack of Internet connectivity, or a combination of both.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0147] The jamming detector can transmit instructions to another device. For example, the jamming detector, or another device for the property, can transmit instructions to a camera, e.g., a pan- tilt-zoom camera, to cause the camera to adjust its field of view to capture video from a predicted wireless network jammer location or another location at the property. The jamming detector or another device can transmit instructions to a robot, e.g., a drone, that causes the robot to capture sensor data of the predicted wireless network jammer location or another location at the property. One or both of these can increase a likelihood that a system at the property captures sensor data of a potential intruder. When the robot uses a wireless network communication protocol that is jammed, the robot can move to a location within a threshold distance of the predicted location, e.g., to capture sensor data, and then move away from the wireless network jammer to a location at which the robot has wireless connectivity and can communicate with another system, e.g., remote from the property.

[0148] In some instances, the jamming detector or another device at the property can trigger one or more deterrence actions. The deterrence actions can include initiating a conversation with a potential intruder to increase a likelihood of the potential intruder leaving the property.

[0149] The order of operations in the process 200 described above is illustrative only, and determining whether a jamming event is likely occurring can be performed in different orders. For example, the process 200 can perform one or more of operations 202, 204, 206, or 208 at least partially concurrently. In some examples, the process 200 can perform operation 208 then operations 204 and 206. In some examples, the process 200 can perform operation 206 and then operation 204.

[0150] In some implementations, the process 200 can include additional operations, fewer operations, or some of the operations can be divided into multiple operations. For example, the process 200 can determine whether a change in a wireless network for a property satisfies a change criterion. This can be performed in response to operation 202. This can include a determination related to one or more of operations 204, 206, or 208. An example process for operation 204 is described below with respect to FIG. 4. An example process for operation 206 is described below with respect to FIG. 5.

[0151] In some implementations, the process 200 need not include operation 204. In some implementations, one or both of operations 204 or 208 are optional. In scenarios inAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1which the jamming detector determines that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring, e.g., detects a potential jamming event, the jamming detector does not perform operation 212. In scenarios in which the jamming detector determines that a wireless jamming event is not likely occurring, the jamming detector does not perform operation 210.

[0152] In some implementations, the jamming detector can detect a potential jamming event, e.g., perform operation 204, and trigger one or more actions for the property, e.g., perform operation 210. In these implementations, the jamming detector might not perform at least some, e.g., all, of the other operations of the process 200.

[0153] Although the process 200 is described with reference two some specific types of contextual data, a jamming detector can perform the process 200 or another process using different types of contextual data; more contextual data, e.g., three or more types; less contextual data, e.g., one type; or any combination of these. Some examples of contextual data can include contextual data indicating a state of a wireless access point (e.g., operation 202); contextual data indicating a change in a wireless network for the property (e.g., operation 204, operation 206, or both); contextual data indicating one or more frequency bands, channels, or both, normally detected at the property and that a device at the property was unable to detect during the time period; contextual data indicating a number of channels used for a frequency band; contextual data indicating whether a device physically located in an area of the property can communicate with the wireless access point; or any combination of these. The jamming detector can receive at least some of this contextual data from corresponding devices within a threshold distance of the property, e.g., at the property or at a neighbor’s property.

[0154] For instance, the jamming detector can use the various types of contextual data to detect a jamming event. Since any one type of contextual data might be caused by a non-jamming related event, the jamming detector can use two or more sets of contextual data to reduce a likelihood of false alerts. The sets can be for different types of contextual data, e.g., a state of a wireless access point and a change in a wireless network; or whether a device can communicate with the wireless access point and a number of channels used for a frequency band. The contextual data for the number of channels used for the frequency band can indicate an amount of noise, an energy level, or both, detected on at least some of the channels. In some examples, some of the sets of contextual data can be of the same type.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0155] The jamming detector can analyze the contextual data to determine whether the contextual data satisfies a jamming criterion, e.g., is indicative of a potential jamming event. The jamming criterion can be any appropriate type of criterion, correspond to the respective type of contextual data, or both. For instance, when the contextual data is a state of a wireless access point or a change in a wireless network for the property, the jamming detector can use jamming criteria such as those described in more detail above. When the contextual data indicates frequency bands normally detected, the jamming criterion can be that a corresponding band is not detected, or an amount of energy or another type of noise on the corresponding band. When the contextual data indicates a number of channels used for a frequency band, the jamming criterion can indicate a threshold number of channels for detection. The threshold number can be a minimum number of channels that should be detected. If fewer than the minimum number are detected, the jamming detector can determine that there is likely a jamming event.

[0156] The contextual data indicating whether a device can communicate with the wireless access point can be any appropriate type of data. For instance, the data can indicate that the device is unable to access the wireless access point, or a quality-of-service level for communication between the device and the wireless access point. The quality-of-service level can indicate a number of packets dropped or otherwise not received by either the device or the wireless access point. Corresponding jamming criteria can include whether the device can communicate with the wireless access point, a quality-of-service level threshold, or a combination of both.

[0157] In some instances, the jamming detector can communicate with one or more devices that use a different wireless communication protocol, can include multiple types of wireless communication protocols, or both. For instance, the jamming detector can communicate with a Bluetooth device to detect an amount of noise in a channel used for a frequency band of the wireless access point. Since the Bluetooth device can use a 2.4 GHz frequency band to communicate, the Bluetooth device can scan 2.4 GHz channels to detect potential noise on those channels. When the Bluetooth device detects an amount of noise, e.g., energy, that has a level that satisfies a level threshold, e.g., is higher than normal, the jamming detector can determine that the jamming criterion is satisfied. The jamming detector can receive data from the Bluetooth device that indicates the noise amount, whether the levelAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1threshold is satisfied, or both. The jamming detector can use the received data to determine whether the jamming criterion is satisfied.

[0158] The Bluetooth device can be any appropriate type of Bluetooth device. In some examples, the Bluetooth device is an existing Bluetooth device at the property, e.g., a Bluetooth device that provides audio or video functionality at the property. In some instances, the Bluetooth device can be a USB Bluetooth dongle, e.g., inserted into a USB port on the jamming detector to, for instance, enable Bluetooth communication for the jamming detector. For instance, the Bluetooth device might not be a device that only has Bluetooth scanner functionality.

[0159] In some implementations, the jamming detector can use location information to determine an action to perform. For instance, the jamming detector can receive contextual data from a device. The jamming detector can determine a physical location of the device, such as the location of a camera or a microphone from which it received the contextual data. When the jamming detector determines physical locations of multiple devices, such as two or three devices, the jamming detector can use the physical locations to predict a location of the wireless network jammer. The jamming detector can use the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer to select an action to trigger. This can include selecting a device at the property to perform an action.

[0160] For example, the wireless network jammer might approach a front side of a building on the property, e.g., when the building is for a home or a business. This approach could be caused when the wireless network jammer is on and a person is carrying the wireless network jammer, whether walking or in a vehicle. When the jamming detector detects contextual data indicating devices that are unable to communicate with the wireless access point, such as a camera and a motion sensor at the front side of the property, and that the wireless access point is not disabled, the jamming detector can determine the locations of the devices, e.g., the camera and the motion sensor. The jamming detector can use the locations to predict that the wireless network jammer is toward the front side of the property. Using the predicted location, the jamming detector can select an action to perform from multiple different actions. The action can be transmission of a message by a device at the back side of the property, opposite the front side.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0161] In some instances, the jamming detector can detect additional contextual data for other sensors. This additional contextual data can indicate that additional sensors are likely becoming jammed, e.g., as the wireless network jammer is approaching the property. For example, the jamming detector might first detect that the camera and the motion sensor are not responding to network pings. These two sensors might both be located on the front side of the building at the property. After this first detection, the jamming detector might detect that two additional sensors - an interior camera in the living room and a contact sensor for a window - no longer have a connection with the wireless access point, e.g., based on non-responsiveness to network pings. Given the detection of the two additional sensors that no longer have a network connection and the movement of this lack of connection toward the back of the property, the jamming detector can determine that the wireless network jammer is likely in front of the property, or a building on the property, and moving toward the back side of the property.

[0162] When the wireless network jammer is placed in a physical location within a threshold distance of the property, e.g., near the property, the wireless network jammer might have any appropriate status. For instance, the wireless network jammer might be disabled, e.g., not jamming any wireless networks, or enabled, e.g., jamming one or more wireless networks. When the wireless network jammer is disabled when placed near the property, the jamming detector likely will not detect the wireless network jammer. In these situations, when the wireless network jammer is eventually enabled, the jamming detector can predict the physical location of the wireless network jammer, determine that the wireless network jammer is likely stationary, or both.

[0163] The action can include the jamming detector sending instructions to a device to cause the device to transmit a signal. The signal can encode information about the property, the jamming event, or both. For instance, the signal can indicate that an alarm event, e.g., a break-in, is likely occurring at the property. The device can be a device at the property, e.g., a device at the back side of the property when the predicted location of the wireless network jammer is at the front side of the property. The device can be instructed to transmit a signal in a particular direction, e.g., away from the wireless network jammer or at another direction that increase a likelihood that the transmitted signal is received. This can include increasing a likelihood that the transmitted signal is received by an emergencyAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1system, e.g., a central security system, a first responder system, or both. The device can use any appropriate type of communication protocol, e.g., cellular or LoRa®.

[0164] In some instances, the property can have multiple wireless access points, e.g., multiple wireless routers. When the jamming detector detects movement of the wireless network jammer, predicts a location of the wireless network jammer, or both, the jamming detector can use contextual data about two or more of the multiple wireless access points. For instance, the jamming detector can use data that indicates potential noise with a channel for a frequency band of the first wireless access point closest to the front of the property while determining that none of the channels for the frequency bands of the second wireless access point closest to the back of the property appear to have interference or other noise that satisfies a noise level. In these situations, the jamming detector can determine that the wireless network jammer is likely within a threshold distance of the front of the property, potentially on the front side of the property.

[0165] In some implementations, when the jamming detector determines that a jamming criterion is not satisfied, or that at least the threshold number of jamming criteria are not satisfied, the jamming detector can determine to skip performing a jamming detected action. For instance, the jamming detector can determine to skip sending a message to another system using a wired network connection or another communication mode that has at least a threshold likelihood of sending a signal to a device that is not jammed. The signal can indicate that a jamming event is likely occurring. Instead, the jamming detector can continue to monitor the contextual data for another potential jamming event.

[0166] In some implementations, the jamming detector can determine whether a wireless device has an incorrect password for the wireless access point. This can occur when the password for the wireless access point has changed. The jamming detector can determine whether the password maintained by the wireless device is correct; whether the wireless access point changed within a threshold time period, e.g., recently; whether password information for the wireless device likely became corrupted; or any combination of these. If so, the jamming detector can determine that the password likely did not change.

[0167] In some examples, the jamming detector can determine whether the property has multiple access points; whether multiple access points are unable to communicate with corresponding devices; whether there is an overlap in coverage areas between the multipleAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1access points; whether a wireless device has been unable to communicate with multiple access points; or any combination of these. As part of the analysis whether two devices are able or unable to communicate, the jamming detector can determine whether the two devices can communicate substantive data, e.g., more than just a connection request and response. This can include transmission of sensor data or other non-connection related messages.

[0168] The jamming detector can use a result of one or more of these determinations when determining whether there is likely a jamming event. For instance, the jamming detector can use a result indicating that multiple access points are unable to communicate with corresponding devices; that there is an overlap in coverage areas between the multiple access points; that wireless devices in at least a portion of the overlapping coverage are unable to communicate; that a wireless device has been unable to communicate with multiple access points; or any combination of these, to determine that a jamming event is likely occurring. One or more of the opposite results can indicate that a jamming event is not likely occurring. When there is a combination of opposite results for the same physical area, the jamming detector can use any appropriate process, e.g., weights, to determine whether a jamming event is likely occurring. For instance, a property might have multiple access points and a wireless device is unable to communicate with a first of the multiple access points. Although two of these access points that include the first can have overlapping coverage areas, when the second of the two access points is able to communicate with corresponding wireless devices, the jamming detector can determine that the first wireless access point might be having a local issue, e.g., a local outage. In some examples, the jamming detector might determine given this contextual data that the first wireless access point is likely being jammed.

[0169] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an example process 300 for selecting a communication type. For example, the process 300 can be used by the jamming detector 108 from the environment 100.

[0170] A device detects a potential jamming event at a property (302). The device can use any appropriate process, e.g., operations, to detect the potential jamming event. For instance, the device can use various operations described above such as those with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0171] The device determines one or more characteristics of the potential jamming event (304). The characteristics can be any appropriate characteristics. Some examples can include a portion of the property at which the jamming event is occurring, e.g., given devices that are unable to communicate with one or more access points; a predicted physical location of a wireless network jammer; channels, frequency bands, or both, affected by the potential jamming event; or any combination of these. Operation 304 can include performance of one or more operations from operation 202, 204, 206, 208, or any combination of these.

[0172] The device determines whether a likelihood that radio frequency communication would be blocked by the jamming event satisfy a likelihood threshold indicating that the communication likely will not reach an intended recipient system (306). For example, the device can determine whether the radio frequency communication to an external system might be blocked. This can occur in situations in which the jamming detector, a wireless access point connected to the jamming detector, or both, do not have a wired connection with the recipient system or do not have a wired connection at the property and to a network outside of the property, e.g., do not have a completely wired connection to the Internet. The recipient system can be a backend system, such as the backend system 122 of FIG. 1.

[0173] In some implementations, when the device, and the network at the property generally, might not have a wired connection to the recipient system, the jamming detector can perform operation 306 to determine what communication type to use to communicate the potential jamming event to the recipient system. Although the device might always try a radio frequency communication type, e.g., operation 308, if the device only relies on radio frequency communication types, the device might be unable to transmit a message that is actually received by the recipient system.

[0174] The device selects, from a plurality of communication types for the property, a communication type (308). This can occur in response to determining that the likelihood does not satisfy the likelihood threshold. The device can use the one or more characteristics of the potential jamming event, e.g., described above, one or more characteristics of devices at the property, one or more characteristics of devices at neighboring properties, or any combination of these, to select the communication type. Some examples of communication types can include triggering an alarm, triggering a warning sound, triggering a speaker,Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1triggering a light, sending a message to another device within a threshold distance of the property, or selecting an alternate frequency for communication based on one or more frequencies jammed by the wireless jamming event. The device can select any combination of one or more of these communication types. The other device can be a robot, a vehicle, or a balloon.

[0175] When using the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer, the device can select a transmission device at the property that emits signals in a direction other than toward the predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer. The predicted physical location of the wireless network jammer can indicate a portion of the property at which the jamming event is occurring, an area at which the wireless network jammer is predicted to be, or both. The portion of the property can be a first side of the property, e.g., the north side or the north-east side of the property. The device can select the communication type using data that indicates the first side of the property or a second, opposite side of the property.

[0176] The recipient system can be a system that is physically located at any appropriate location. The location can be at the property, e.g., when the system is part of a vehicle at the property. The location can be remote from the property. In the latter examples, the device might select a first device with which to communicate, e.g., the vehicle, to increase a likelihood that the recipient system that is remote from the property receives a signal, e.g., that includes data about the potential jamming event. For example, the device can select, from multiple communication types that each enable communication with a system not physically located at the property, the communication type. Some of the communication types can be different types than others of the communication types, e.g., using a balloon versus using a light to transmit a signal. Some of the communication types can use different communication paths, e.g., using a vehicle versus using a cellular enabled camera.

[0177] In some instances, when the recipient system is not physically located at the property, the recipient system is within a threshold distance of the property. This can include a recipient system that is a vehicle parked on the street, e.g., across from the property, a device at a neighboring property in the same neighborhood as the property, or both.

[0178] The device selects a non-radio frequency communication type (310). The device can select the non-radio frequency communication type in response to determiningAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1that the likelihood satisfies the likelihood threshold. Some examples of non-radio frequency communication type can include emitting sound, emitting light, or both. For instance, the communication types can be an audio communication type or a video communication type or an audio-video communication type. When using an audio-video communication type, the device can encode different signals in the audio portion and the video portion, e.g., have an audio encoded signal that is different than the video encoded signal. These different signals can encode different data related to the potential jamming event.

[0179] The device causes transmission of one or more signals for the selected communication type (312). After selecting the communication type, the device can use the selected communication to cause transmission of the one or more signals. This transmission of the one or more signals can be so that a system not physically located at the property can detect or otherwise receive the signals.

[0180] In some instances, to cause transmission of the one or more signals, the device can transmit a message to one or more intermediary devices. This can include transmitting, to another device that has the selected communication type, a message to cause the other device to transmit the one or more signals. For instance, when the other device is a robot, a vehicle, or a balloon, the device can transmit a message to the selected other device that causes the device to perform device specific actions. A device specific action for a robot can be moving, e.g., using wheels, rotors, or both, off the property to a physical area from which the robot can transmit a signal to a recipient system. For instance, the robot can be a self-driving vehicle that moves off the property to a location to transmit the signal to the recipient system. A device specific action for a vehicle can be flashing lights, triggering a horn, or both. A device specific action for a balloon can be floating to an area at which the jamming event is not likely occurring and transmitting a signal to a recipient system.

[0181] In some implementations, the device can select a light or a speaker that are not physically located in a building at the property. For example, the light, the speaker, or both, might be attached to the exterior of the building, on a post such as a light post, or at any other appropriate location outside the building. The device can select one or both of these communication types so that the light, the speaker, or both, can communicate a signal to another device or system within a threshold distance from the property, e.g., to another device at a neighbor’s property. This can cause the other device to forward or otherwiseAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1transmit a signal to a backend system, e.g., when the other device has a communication bath with the backend system that is not blocked by the potential jamming event. The speaker can encode the signal in sound waves. The light can encode the signal in light waves.

[0182] The order of operations in the process 300 described above is illustrative only, and selecting the communication type can be performed in different orders. For example, the device can perform operation 306 then perform operations 304. This can include performing operation 308 or 310, after operation 304, depending on whether the likelihood threshold is satisfied.

[0183] In some implementations, the process 300 can include additional operations, fewer operations, or some of the operations can be divided into multiple operations. For example, the process 300 can include operations 304, 310, and 312, optionally with operation 302. The process can include operation 306 and 312 with either one of operations 308 or 310 depending on a result of operation 306, and optionally without the other operations 302 or 304.

[0184] In some implementations, when the jamming detector receives data from multiple devices that indicates that a particular frequency band, e.g., 2.4 GHz, has noise or is likely jammed, the jamming detector can determine that a jamming event is likely occurring. This can include the jamming detector receiving data from multiple, different devices that indicate that the particular frequency band, channel within a frequency band, or both, is likely jammed such as a Wi-Fi enabled device and separate Bluetooth enabled device. Given the data collected from the different devices, the jamming detector can determine that a jamming event is likely occurring.

[0185] In some implementations, the jamming detector can use one or more signals, diagnostics data, or both, determined by the jamming detector. For instance, the jamming detector can detect potential noise in a frequency band and use that data with other data to determine whether a jamming event is likely occurring.

[0186] In some implementations, the jamming detector can use data about different types of wireless connectivity to detect a potential jamming event, movement of the potential jamming event, or both. For instance, some wireless data, e.g., LoRa data, can have a longer range and can represent a jamming event sooner than other wireless data, e.g., Wi-Fi data. The jamming detector can use LoRa data to determine that there is a potential jamming eventAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1occurring moving toward the north side of the property. In response, the jamming detector can trigger one or more initial operations, e.g., transmitting an initial message to a backend system about the potential jamming event. The jamming detector can ping one or more devices physically located at the north side of the property. Depending on the responses the jamming detector receives, if any, the jamming detector can determine whether there is a potential jamming event. For example, when the jamming detector does not receive any responses, the jamming detector can determine that there is a potential jamming event. The jamming detector can then transmit another message to the backend system that confirms the initial message about the potential jamming event. This can enable the jamming detector to send a message to another device or system, potentially using a wireless communication type, before a jamming event prevents the jamming detector from using that wireless communication type.

[0187] In some implementations, the jamming detector can use one or more communication types to troubleshoot a lack of connectivity. For instance, if the jamming detector is unable to communicate with a wireless device such as a camera using a first communication type such as Wi-Fi, the jamming detector can determine, using a second communication type such as LoRa, whether there are settings for the first network protocol that can be changed to re-enable connectivity using the first wireless communication type. If so, the jamming detector can determine that there likely is not a jamming event. If not, the jamming detector can determine that there is a potential jamming event.

[0188] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an example process 400 for determining whether a jamming event is likely occurring. For example, the process 400 can be used by the jamming detector 108 from the environment 100, e.g., as part of operation 204 from FIG. 2. The process 400 can analyze wireless channels to predict a likelihood that there is noise on the wireless channel. The process 400 can use a result of this analysis to determine whether there is likely a wireless jamming event.

[0189] A jamming detector determines that a wireless jamming event is not likely occurring (401). For example, the jamming detector uses the measurement data to determine whether a jamming event is likely occurring. If a jamming event is likely occurring, e.g., operation 420, the jamming detector can trigger one or more actions for the property.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0190] The jamming detector accesses measurement data for one or more wireless channels that was captured using a second, different wireless protocol (402). This can occur in response to determining that a wireless jamming event is not likely occurring. The second different wireless protocol is different than a first wireless protocol for a wireless access point that has a first wireless protocol. A network detector can detect the one or more wireless channels using the second, different wireless protocol. For instance, when the first wireless protocol is Wi-Fi®, the second, different wireless protocol can be Bluetooth®. The network detector can be part of the jamming detector, e.g., part of the same device, or a separate device. When a separate device, the jamming detector can receive the measurement data from the network detector using a wireless connection, e.g., Bluetooth®.

[0191] The jamming detector determines, using the measurement data, a predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels (404). The measurement data can include historical measurement data, recent measurement data, or a combination of both. The measurement data can include data from the wireless access point; another wireless access point, e.g., at the property or at a different location; or any combination of both. The jamming detector can use the historical measurement data, the recent measurement data, or the combination of both to determine the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels. This noise can be caused by background interference, e.g., that still allows wireless communications; by communication on the wireless channels, e.g., using any type of wireless communication protocol that uses the wireless channels; or some combination of both. For example, as a wireless device communicates using the wireless channels, that communication can cause noise. The jamming detector can use this measurement data to predict an average, e.g., a moving average or a rolling noise floor, amount of noise for the wireless channels, e.g., as described in more detail below with respect to operation 412.

[0192] As part of operation 404, the jamming detector can compute, for two or more subchannels, a predicted amount of noise on the subchannel (406). For instance, when a channel is used for the first wireless protocol, e.g., 2.4 GHz, the subchannels can be portions of that channel that are used for communications with the second, different wireless protocol, e.g., approximately 20 to 40 subchannels within 2.4 GHz such as the subchannels used by Bluetooth®.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0193] As part of operation 404, the jamming detector can compute a noise combination by combining, from each of the two or more subchannels, the respective predicted amount of noise. For instance, when there are 20 subchannels, the jamming detector can combine, e.g., add or use another appropriate combination operator, the amount of noise for the 20 subchannels to compute the predicted amount of noise for the 2.4 GHz channel.

[0194] The jamming detector determines whether an amount of measurements satisfy a measurement threshold (410). For instance, the jamming detector determines whether sufficient measurement data has been captured to represent a typical amount of noise for the one or more wireless channels. This amount of noise can be specific to the property, e.g., given wireless devices at or within a threshold distance of the property. When the measurement threshold is not satisfied, the jamming detector can access additional measurement data, e.g., received from the network detector during future time periods.

[0195] The jamming detector computes a noise criterion (412). For example, this can occur in response to determining that the amount of measurements does not satisfy the measurement threshold, and more measurements are needed; in response to determining to update the noise criterion; or both. In some instances, the noise criterion can be updated periodically, e.g., even when the amount of measurements satisfies the noise criterion. This can occur to update the noise criterion given changes in potential background noise at a property.

[0196] In some instances, the jamming detector can compute the noise criterion using the noise combination, e.g., from operation 408, and a prior noise criterion for a prior time period. The jamming detector can compute, for a current time period after the prior time period, the predicted amount of noise on the subchannel. The jamming detector can determine, for the current time period after the prior time period, whether the noise combination for the two or more subchannels satisfies the noise criterion, e.g., as described with reference to operation 414, below.

[0197] As part of a process to compute the noise criterion, e.g., using data for multiple time periods, the jamming detector can select, from a plurality of noise combinations including the noise combination, a selected noise combination that satisfies aAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1selection criterion. The jamming detector can generate the noise criterion by combining the selected noise combination and the prior noise criterion for the prior time period.

[0198] The jamming detector can compute the noise criterion, e.g., as rollingNoiseFloon for a current time period or cycle, using equation (1), below.rollingNoiseFloon = ((1 -influenceFactor) * rollingNoiseFlooro) + (influenceFactor * minOjMeans) (1)

[0199] In Equation (1), rollingNoiseFlooro is a historical noise criterion. For instance, rollingNoiseFlooro can be the noise criterion for a time period or cycle prior to the current time period, e.g., sequentially prior without any intermediary time periods or cycles. The value of influenceFactor can be a weight, e.g., a predefined weight, that indicates the impact of the rollingNoiseFlooro and minOjMeans on the current rollingNoiseFloon.

[0200] minOjMeans is a combination of measurements from different subchannels. For instance, the jamming detector can determine a combination of the subchannel noise measurements for the two or more subchannels. The combination can be an average of the noise measurements. The jamming detector can select, from the average noise measurements across different time periods or cycles, a minimum noise value.

[0201] For example, both jammers and valid Wi-Fi® transmissions can raise noise values in a lot of the channels. Valid Wi-Fi®, e.g., strong signals, can raise noise in the entire spectrum, e.g., bringing up the noise floor, but that usually happens in bursts. The jamming detector can use Equation (1) to increase a likelihood of differentiating bursty Wi-Fi® signals from continuous jam signals, e.g., jamming events.

[0202] As part of this process, the jamming detector can aggregate the subchannel, e.g., Bluetooth®, readings into a smaller set of channel, e.g., “Wi-Fi channel”, readings. To do this, the jamming detector can average the subchannels that overlap with a channel, e.g., by averaging the measurements for the subchannels into a single predicted measurement for the channel. This can be the “mean” in “min of means”.

[0203] The jamming detector can maintain a history of the past N mean values of each channel. When looking for jams, for each aggregated channel, the jamming detector can find the minimum value in the history of mean values, e.g., the “min” of “min of means”. The jamming detector can determine if that minimum value satisfies, e.g., exceeds, the historical noise criterion, e.g., a rolling noise floor or baseline.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0204] The jamming detector can compute a current noise criterion, e.g., the rolling noise floor, by incorporating each new “min of means” value when new data is received, e.g., from the network detector. The jamming detector can incorporate a new minimum value upon determining that the minimum value likely does not represent a jamming event, e.g., is determined to not be a part of a jam. By using the past N mean values, minimum values predicted to not represent jamming events, or both, the jamming detector can tune how much the current reading contributes to the historical noise criterion, e.g., noise floor. This can tune or otherwise control how quickly a reading’s contribution is phased out of the current noise criterion, e.g., rolling noise floor.

[0205] The jamming detector determines whether the predicted amount of noise on a channel used by the wireless router satisfies the noise criterion (414). This can occur in response to determining that the amount of measurements satisfies the measurement threshold, determining that a noise criterion was computed for the property, or both. For example, without sufficient historical data, e.g., predicted amount of noise measurements, the jamming detector might not have a sufficient baseline for what a jamming event might look like at the property. This can vary given the number of wireless networks, types of wireless networks, types of wireless devices, number of wireless devices, average wireless network use, or any combination of these, for the property.

[0206] The jamming detector maintains a timer for a time period during which the noise criterion is satisfied (416). For instance, upon first detecting that the predicted amount of noise satisfies the noise criterion, the jamming detector can trigger or otherwise initiate the timer, as one form of maintaining the timer. The jamming detector can maintain the timer as an indication of how long the noise on the channel has satisfied the noise criterion. This can reduce potential false positives caused by communication spikes for the channel, e.g., given an increased non-jamming event use of the channel. After the timer is initiated, the jamming detector can perform operation 414 again. When a second predicted amount of noise satisfies the noise criterion, the jamming detector can maintain the timer, e.g., not stop the timer.

[0207] In some instances, in response to determining that the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion, the jamming detector can initiate a timer to an active state. While the timer is in the active state, the jamming detector can determine whether an updated predicted amount of noise on the one or moreAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion and to maintain the timer in the active state instead of ending the timer.

[0208] If the jamming detector determines that the predicted amount of noise for a time period does not satisfy the noise criterion, the jamming detector can determine that a wireless jamming event is not likely occurring. In these instances, the jamming detector can determine whether a timer is running. If so, the jamming detector can stop the timer.

[0209] The jamming detector determines whether a duration of the timer satisfy a timer threshold (418). For instance, the jamming detector can monitor for how long the timer has been running, or initiate a timer with a duration, e.g., defined by the timer threshold. When monitoring how long the timer has been running, the jamming detector can determine whether the duration satisfies, e.g., is greater than or equal to, the timer threshold. When initiating a timer with the duration, this operation can include the jamming detector determining whether the duration of the timer, set given the timer threshold, has expired. The jamming detector can use the duration of the timer as described above, e.g., to reduce a risk of detecting false positives as potential jamming events. In some instances, after determining whether the updated predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion and to maintain the timer in the active state instead of ending the timer, e.g., while the timer is in the active state, the jamming detector can determine whether a duration of the timer satisfies a timer threshold.

[0210] The jamming detector determines that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring and trigger one or more actions for the property (420). This can occur in response to determining that the duration of the timer satisfies the timer threshold. The jamming detector can trigger the one or more actions, such as actions described elsewhere in this specification.

[0211] The order of operations in the process 400 described above is illustrative only, and determining whether a jamming event is likely occurring can be performed in different orders. For example, the process 400 can include operation 401 after accessing measurement data. In these examples, the process 400 can include operation 402, 414, and then 401. In some instances, the process 400 can include operations 410 and 412 before operations 401, 402, or both.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0212] In some implementations, the process 400 can include additional operations, fewer operations, or some of the operations can be divided into multiple operations. For example, the process 400 can include operations 414 and 420; operations 404, 414, and 420; operations 402, 404, 414, and 420; or operations 401, 402, 404, 414, and 420. Any one of these combinations can include operations 416 and 418. Any one of these combinations can include, as part of operation 404, operations 406 and 408. Any one of these combinations can include operations 410 and 412, optionally including operation 401 if not already included.

[0213] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of an example process 500 for determining whether a jamming event is likely occurring. For example, the process 500 can be used by the jamming detector 108 from the environment 100, e.g., as part of operation 206 from FIG. 2.

[0214] A jamming detector computes, for a candidate wireless access point signature, a score that indicates whether the candidate wireless access point signature is predicted to be detected by a network detector at a future time (502). The jamming detector or another device can scan a wireless channel for the candidate access point signatures. The jamming detector can receive data from the other device that indicates the candidate access point signatures.

[0215] The jamming detector can compute the score using any appropriate process, e.g., using a combination of a historical number of detections of the candidate wireless access point signature and a weighted detection history for a predetermined quantity of wireless access point signature detection cycles. For instance, the jamming detector can compute the score using Equation (2), below.

[0216] In Equation (2), the jamming detector can use HistoryWeight to indicate the impact of distant and recent history data for the wireless access point signature. For instance, distant history is represented by the ratio between the times the access point has appeared in a scan, e.g., timesSeen, divided by the number of total scan cycles, e.g., totalCycles. The total scan cycles can be the total since the process 500 started executing, a total for a predetermined period of time, or a total up to a maximum total value.

[0217] The recent history data can be represented by the presence value. The jamming detector can compute a value for presence using an equation that assigns more weight to recent appearances of a wireless access point in a network scan compared to olderAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1appearances of the wireless access point. This weight can be for a predetermined number of scans, e.g., the last ten scans. The jamming detector can use any appropriate weight values, e.g., {0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1} with older entries will be on the left, and newer entries on the right. The jamming detector can use weights for which presence will stay constant for a first set of cycles, e.g., give, and then decay, e.g., linearly, for later cycles. In the example with the above weights, the jamming detector can combine, e.g., sum, the weight values for the cycles in which the wireless access point was detected. For instance, if the wireless access point was detected in the four most recent scans, and the seventh through ninth scans, the jamming detector can compute a score of 4.9 = 1+1+1+1+0.4+0.3+0.2.

[0218] The jamming detector determines whether the score satisfies a score threshold (504). The score threshold can be a threshold that indicates the reliability of a wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point being detected. For instance, the score threshold can cause the jamming detector to differentiate between wireless access points that are likely to be detected and those that are not. In examples in which a wireless access point is described as being detected, the corresponding network, or signature for the network, broadcast by that wireless access point can be what is actually detected.

[0219] In response to determining that the score does not satisfy the score threshold, the jamming detector can determine to skip using the candidate wireless access point signature as a reference signature. For instance, the jamming detector can maintain a database of signatures. The jamming detector can include a flag for signatures that indicates whether the signature is a reference signature or not. When the score does not satisfy the score threshold, the jamming detector can determine to skip flagging, in the database, the signature as a reference signature. The jamming detector can maintain data for the signature in the database in case a number of detections of the signature in the future indicate that the signature should be a reference signature, e.g., for newly added wireless access points at the property.

[0220] The jamming detector maintains a database of wireless access point reference signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector (506). The database can be for reference signatures or any wireless access point signature that includes data that separately identifies the reference signatures. The database can be any appropriate type of database.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0221] The jamming detector detects one or more wireless network signatures (508). For instance, the jamming detector can start a detection cycle. The detection cycle can include a detection of distinct wireless networks, e.g., before operation 512, a detection of wireless network signatures, or both. The jamming detector or another device can detect the wireless network signatures, the distinct wireless networks, or some combination of both. This can include different devices or the same device detecting the wireless network signatures and the distinct wireless networks.

[0222] The jamming detector determines whether a quantity of the wireless network signatures that are predicted to be detected by the network detector satisfy a quantity threshold (510). This can include the jamming detector determining which of the detected wireless network signatures are for reference signatures. The jamming detector can determine the quantity of wireless access point reference signatures that were detected. The jamming detector can determine whether the quantity of wireless access point reference signatures satisfies, e.g., is greater than or equal to, the quantity threshold. This can be part of operations to determine how many “reliable” networks, represented by the reference signatures, are detected.

[0223] In response to determining that the quantity does not satisfy the quantity threshold, the jamming detector can register an anomaly (514) or other data that indicates an event that might occur during a jamming event. The jamming detector can maintain data for the anomaly in any appropriate manner. For instance, the jamming detector can maintain a counter that indicates a number of anomalies registered, e.g., during a time period. In some instances, the jamming detector can maintain data that indicates a time when an anomaly was registered. The jamming detector can then use the time data to remove registrations that do not satisfy a time threshold, e.g., are older.

[0224] The jamming detector determines whether a quantity of one or more detected wireless networks satisfy a minimum network threshold (512). The minimum network threshold can be any appropriate value. For instance, the jamming detector can compute the minimum network threshold given historical network detections. The jamming detector can use these networks, which include detected wireless networks with scores that satisfy the quantity threshold or not, that don’t have scores, or some combination of these, as a way in which to detect changes in wireless networks over time and potential jamming events.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0225] When the jamming detector determines that the quantity does not satisfy the minimum network threshold, the jamming detector can start another cycle. When a cycle includes both an analysis of network signatures and total detected wireless networks, the jamming detector can begin another cycle of detecting both, e.g., perform operations 508, 510, and 512 again.

[0226] The jamming detector registers an anomaly (514). For instance, in response to determining that the quantity satisfies the minimum network threshold, the jamming detector can register an anomaly. This anomaly registration can be a registration in the same dataset as registration for the wireless network signatures or a different dataset. For instance, the jamming detector can use a single set of data for all anomaly registration or different datasets for different types of anomaly registrations.

[0227] The jamming detector determines whether the quantity of cycles satisfy a cycle threshold (516). For instance, the jamming detector can perform operations, e.g., as described above, during a cycle. The jamming detector can keep a counter, or other appropriate data, that indicates a number of cycles for which the jamming detector has performed at least some operations of the process 500. The number of cycles can be a number of cycles since the jamming detector was initiated; for which the jamming detector maintains historical data; since a most recent jamming event; a number of cycles captured during a time period with a predetermined duration, e.g., when data might not be captured during all cycles; another number of cycles; or any combination of these.

[0228] In some instances, the jamming detector can use the number of cycles to determine whether a jam was detected during a prior cycle. For instance, the jamming detected need not trigger one or more actions for a likely jamming event if actions were already performed for that jamming event. By using the cycle threshold, the jamming detector can determine whether the currently captured data is likely part of the same jamming event that was previously detected, e.g., during a prior sequential cycle, or likely part of a newly detected jamming event.

[0229] In some instances, the jamming detector can use data about the potential jamming event to detect distinct jamming events. This can occur when a first jamming event occurs at a first side of a property and a second jamming event occurs at a second, different side of a property. For instance, different channels, subchannels, or both, might be blocked asAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1part of the different jamming events. When the jamming detector detects a second likely jamming event, the jamming detector can trigger additional actions, e.g., that were not previously performed.

[0230] The jamming detector can use the cycle threshold as a way in which to determine whether the jamming detector likely has sufficient data, captured in a time period, to make a determination whether a jamming event is likely occurring. For instance, upon initiation, e.g., first start up, the jamming detector would have insufficient data for reference signatures, the minimum network threshold, or both. In these instances, the jamming detector can perform a subset of operations for the process 500 until the cycle threshold is satisfied. Once the cycle threshold is satisfied, the jamming detector can perform additional operations. For example, the jamming detector can initially detect wireless network signatures and compute a quantity of wireless networks detected, e.g., only these operations until the cycle threshold is satisfied. Once the cycle threshold is satisfied, the jamming detector can perform those operations along with other operations, e.g., one or more of 502, 504, 506, 510, 512, or 514.

[0231] In some implementations, the jamming detector can use the cycle threshold to determine whether to perform additional operations, e.g., compared to the operations performed for a previous cycle. This can include performing at least some of operations 502 through 506 for some cycles but not others, e.g., to update the reference signatures. This can allow the jamming detector, or another device performing at least some of the process 500, to adapt to normal variations in the networks detected.

[0232] The jamming detector determines whether a quantity of registered anomalies satisfy an anomaly threshold (518). The jamming detector can use the anomaly threshold to determine whether a jamming event is likely. For instance, the jamming detector can register an anomaly during a spike in network traffic that is not caused by a malicious jamming event. By using the anomaly threshold, the jamming detector can reduce a likelihood of false positives for wireless jamming events.

[0233] The anomaly threshold can be any appropriate value, for any appropriate type of anomaly, or both. For example, the jamming detector can select the anomaly threshold as a predetermined value, given a duration of a cycle, or based on some other data. The jamming detector can have a first anomaly threshold for a quantity of wireless network referenceAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1signatures, a second anomaly threshold for a quantity of detected wireless networks, or both. By using different anomaly thresholds, the jamming detector can account for different types of events, e.g., when one of reference signatures or quantities of detected wireless networks might be more indicative than the other about a potential wireless jamming event.

[0234] The jamming detector determines that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring and trigger one or more actions for the property (520). The jamming detector can trigger the one or more actions in response to determining that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring. The jamming detector can select an action to perform given a frequency range, from multiple frequency ranges, for which at least part of the process 500 was performed. The frequency range can be a frequency range in which a wireless signature was detected, on which noise is detected, or any combination of both. The frequency range can be for a channel or a subchannel.

[0235] The order of operations in the process 500 described above is illustrative only, and determining whether a jamming event is likely occurring can be performed in different orders. For example, the process 500 can include one or more of operations 502, 504, or 506 after operation 516, e.g., after the yes branch of operation 516. In some examples, the process 500 can include operation 512 before or at least partially concurrently with operation 510. In some instances, operation 514 can be performed at least partially concurrently with operation 510, when 514 is responsive to operation 512; or operation 512, when operation 514 is responsive to operation 510.

[0236] In some implementations, the process 500 can include additional operations, fewer operations, or some of the operations can be divided into multiple operations. For example, the process 500 can include operations 508 through 514, and operations 518 and 520. The process 500 can optionally include one or more of operations 502, 504, or 506. In some implementations, the process 500 can optionally include operation 518.

[0237] In some instances, the process 500 can include performance of at least some operations for different frequency channels, frequency subchannels, or some combination of both. For instance, the process 500 can include operations 508 through 514 for different channels, subchannels, or any combination of both. In these implementations, the anomaly threshold can be for a channel, a subchannel, a group of channels, a group of subchannels, or any combination of these.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0238] For situations in which the systems discussed here collect information about various devices, or may make use of information, people may be provided with an opportunity to control whether programs or features collect the information, or to control whether and / or how the system operates. In addition, certain data may be anonymized in one or more ways before it is stored or used, so that personally identifiable information is removed. Thus, a person may have control over how information is collected about their devices and used.

[0239] In this specification, the term “database” can broadly to refer to any collection of data: the data does not need to be structured in any particular way, or structured at all, and it can be stored on storage devices in one or more locations. A database can be implemented on any appropriate type of memory.

[0240] This specification uses the term “configured to” in connection with systems, apparatus, and computer program components. That a system of one or more computers is configured to perform particular operations or actions means that the system has installed on it software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them that in operation cause the system to perform those operations or actions. That one or more computer programs is configured to perform particular operations or actions means that the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform those operations or actions. That special-purpose logic circuitry is configured to perform particular operations or actions means that the circuitry has electronic logic that performs those operations or actions.

[0241] In this specification the term “engine” is used broadly to refer to a softwarebased system, subsystem, or process that is programmed to perform one or more specific functions. Generally, an engine will be implemented as one or more software modules or components, installed on one or more computers in one or more locations. In some instances, one or more computers will be dedicated to a particular engine. In some instances, multiple engines can be installed and running on the same computer or computers.

[0242] Operations can occur substantially concurrently in that the operations need not be exactly concurrent but can overlap at least in part. For instance, a first operation can begin and sometime after that a second operation can begin while the first operation is still occurring. Execution of the two operations, whether by the same system or different systems,Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1can be substantially concurrently. In some examples, two operations can execute substantially concurrently when they have the same start time, same end time, or both.

[0243] In this specification, the term likely can mean that there is a likelihood that something might occur and that the likelihood satisfies a likelihood threshold. For instance, when determining whether an event likely occurred, a system would determine a likelihood that the event occurred, e.g., that the jamming event likely occurred. The system would then determine whether the likelihood satisfies, e.g., is greater than or equal to, a likelihood threshold by comparing the two values. If so, the system determines that the event likely occurred. If not, the system determines that the event likely did not occur.

[0244] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an environment 600, e.g., for monitoring a property. The property can be any appropriate type of property, such as a home, a business, or a combination of both. The environment 600 includes a network 605, a control unit 610, one or more devices 640 and 650, a monitoring system 660, a central alarm system 670, or a combination of two or more of these. In some examples, the network 605 facilitates communications between two or more of the control unit 610, the one or more devices 640 and 650, the monitoring system 660, and the central alarm system 670.

[0245] The network 605 is configured to enable exchange of electronic communications between devices connected to the network 605. For example, the network 605 can be configured to enable exchange of electronic communications between the control unit 610, the one or more devices 640 and 650, the monitoring system 660, and the central alarm system 670. The network 605 can include, for example, one or more of the Internet, Wide Area Networks (“WANs”), Local Area Networks (“LANs”), analog or digital wired and wireless telephone networks (e.g., a public switched telephone network (“PSTN”), Integrated Services Digital Network (“ISDN”), a cellular network, and Digital Subscriber Line (“DSL”)), radio, television, cable, satellite, any other delivery or tunneling mechanism for carrying data, or a combination of these. The network 605 can include multiple networks or subnetworks, each of which can include, for example, a wired or wireless data pathway. The network 605 can include a circuit-switched network, a packet-switched data network, or any other network able to carry electronic communications (e.g., data or voice communications). For example, the network 605 can include networks based on the Internet protocol (“IP”), asynchronous transfer mode (“ATM”), the PSTN, packet-switched networksAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1based on IP, X.25, or Frame Relay, or other comparable technologies and can support voice using, for example, voice over IP (“VoIP”), or other comparable protocols used for voice communications. The network 605 can include one or more networks that include wireless data channels and wireless voice channels. The network 605 can be a broadband network.

[0246] The control unit 610 includes a controller 612 and a network module 614. The controller 612 is configured to control a control unit monitoring system, e.g., a control unit system or a local monitoring system that is at a property, that includes the control unit 610. In some examples, the controller 612 can include one or more processors or other control circuitry configured to execute instructions of a program that controls operation of a control unit system. In these examples, the controller 612 can be configured to receive input from sensors, or other devices included in the control unit system and control operations of devices at the property, e.g., speakers, displays, lights, doors, other appropriate devices, or a combination of these. For example, the controller 612 can be configured to control operation of the network module 614 included in the control unit 610.

[0247] The network module 614 is a communication device configured to exchange communications over the network 605. The network module 614 can be a wireless communication module configured to exchange wireless, wired, or a combination of both, communications over the network 605. For example, the network module 614 can be a wireless communication device configured to exchange communications over a wireless data channel and a wireless voice channel. In some examples, the network module 614 can transmit alarm data over a wireless data channel and establish a two-way voice communication session over a wireless voice channel. The wireless communication device can include one or more of a LTE module, a GSM module, a radio modem, a cellular transmission module, or any type of module configured to exchange communications in any appropriate type of wireless or wired format.

[0248] The network module 614 can be a wired communication module configured to exchange communications over the network 605 using a wired connection. For instance, the network module 614 can be a modem, a network interface card, or another type of network interface device. The network module 614 can be an Ethernet network card configured to enable the control unit 610 to communicate over a local area network, the Internet, or a combination of both. The network module 614 can be a voice band modem configured toAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1enable the alarm panel to communicate over the telephone lines of Plain Old Telephone Systems (“POTS”).

[0249] The control unit system that includes the control unit 610 can include one or more sensors 620. For example, the environment 600 can include multiple sensors 620. The sensors 620 can include a lock sensor, a contact sensor, a motion sensor, a camera (e.g., a camera 630), a flow meter, any other type of sensor included in a control unit system, or a combination of two or more of these. The sensors 620 can include an environmental sensor, such as a temperature sensor, a water sensor, a rain sensor, a wind sensor, a light sensor, a smoke detector, a carbon monoxide detector, or an air quality sensor, to name a few additional examples. The sensors 620 can include a health monitoring sensor, such as a prescription bottle sensor that monitors taking of prescriptions, a blood pressure sensor, a blood sugar sensor, or a bed mat configured to sense presence of liquid (e.g., bodily fluids) on the bed mat. In some examples, the health monitoring sensor can be a wearable sensor that attaches to a person, e.g., a user, at the property. The health monitoring sensor can collect various health data, including pulse, heartrate, respiration rate, sugar or glucose level, bodily temperature, motion data, or a combination of these. The sensors 620 can include a radiofrequency identification (“RFID”) sensor that identifies a particular article that includes a pre-assigned RFID tag.

[0250] The control unit 610 can communicate with a module 622 and one or more sensors 620, e.g., a camera 630, to perform monitoring. In some implementations, the control unit 610 can be implemented on one of the sensors 620 or another device at a property. The module 622 is connected to one or more devices that enable property automation, e.g., home or business automation. For instance, the module 622 can connect to, and be configured to control operation of, one or more lighting systems. The module 622 can connect to, and be configured to control operation of, one or more electronic locks, e.g., control Z-Wave® locks using wireless communications in the Z-Wave® protocol. In some examples, the module 622 can connect to, and be configured to control operation of, one or more appliances. The module 622 can include multiple sub-modules that are each specific to a type of device being controlled in an automated manner. The module 622 can control the one or more devices using commands received from the control unit 610. For instance, the module 622 can receive a command from the control unit 610, which command was sent using data capturedAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1by the camera 630 that depicts an area. In response, the module 622 can cause a lighting system to illuminate an area to provide better lighting in the area, and a higher likelihood that the camera 630 can capture a subsequent image of the area that depicts more accurate data of the area.

[0251] The camera 630 can be an image camera or other type of optical sensing device configured to capture one or more images. For instance, the camera 630 can be configured to capture images of an area within a property monitored by the control unit 610. The camera 630 can be configured to capture single, static images of the area; video of the area, e.g., a sequence of images; or a combination of both. The sequence of images can be a sequence of frames, e.g., when the video is compressed using a video codec. The image captured by the camera can be any appropriate type of image, e.g., a frame. The camera 630 can be controlled using commands received from the control unit 610 or another device in the property monitoring system, e.g., a device 650.

[0252] The camera 630 can be triggered using any appropriate techniques, can capture images continuously, or a combination of both. For instance, a Passive Infra-Red (“PIR”) motion sensor can be built into the camera 630 and used to trigger the camera 630 to capture one or more images when motion is detected. The camera 630 can include a micro wave motion sensor built into the camera which is used to trigger the camera 630 to capture one or more images when motion is detected. The camera 630 can have a “normally open” or “normally closed” digital input that can trigger capture of one or more images when external sensors detect motion or other events. The external sensors can include another sensor from the sensors 620, PIR, or door or window sensors, to name a few examples. In some implementations, the camera 630 receives a command to capture an image, e.g., when external devices detect motion or another potential alarm event or in response to a request from a device. The camera 630 can receive the command from the controller 612, directly from one of the sensors 620, or a combination of both.

[0253] In some examples, the camera 630 triggers integrated or external illuminators to improve image quality when the scene is dark. Some examples of illuminators can include Infra-Red, Z-wave® controlled “white” lights, lights controlled by the module 622, or a combination of these. An integrated or separate light sensor can be used to determine if illumination is desired and can result in increased image quality.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0254] The camera 630 can be programmed with any combination of time schedule, day schedule, system “arming state”, other variables, or a combination of these, to determine whether images should be captured when one or more triggers occur. The camera 630 can enter a low-power mode when not capturing images. In this case, the camera 630 can wake periodically to check for inbound messages from the controller 612 or another device. The camera 630 can be powered by internal, replaceable batteries, e.g., if located remotely from the control unit 610. The camera 630 can employ a small solar cell to recharge the battery when light is available. The camera 630 can be powered by a wired power supply, e.g., the controller’s 612 power supply if the camera 630 is co-located with the controller 612.

[0255] In some implementations, the camera 630 communicates directly with the monitoring system 660 over the network 605. The monitoring system 660 can be part of a local monitoring system at the property or a remote monitoring system at a geographic location remote from the property, e.g., implemented on the cloud. In these implementations, image data captured by the camera 630 need not pass through the control unit 610, e.g., when the monitoring system is a remote monitoring system. The camera 630 can receive commands related to operation from the monitoring system 660, provide images to the monitoring system 660, or a combination of both.

[0256] The environment 600 can include one or more thermostats 634, e.g., to perform dynamic environmental control at the property. The thermostat 634 is configured to monitor temperature of the property, energy consumption of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) system associated with the thermostat 634, or both. In some examples, the thermostat 634 is configured to provide control of environmental (e.g., temperature) settings. In some implementations, the thermostat 634 can additionally or alternatively receive data relating to activity at a property; environmental data at a property, e.g., at various locations indoors or outdoors or both at the property; or a combination of both. The thermostat 634 can measure or estimate energy consumption of the HVAC system associated with the thermostat. The thermostat 634 can estimate energy consumption, for example, using data that indicates usage of one or more components of the HVAC system associated with the thermostat 634. The thermostat 634 can communicate various data, e.g., temperature, energy, or both, with the control unit 610. In some examples, the thermostat 634Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1can control the environment, e.g., temperature, settings in response to commands received from the control unit 610.

[0257] In some implementations, the thermostat 634 is a dynamically programmable thermostat and can be integrated with the control unit 610. For example, the dynamically programmable thermostat 634 can include the control unit 610, e.g., as an internal component to the dynamically programmable thermostat 634. In some examples, the control unit 610 can be a gateway device that communicates with the dynamically programmable thermostat 634. In some implementations, the thermostat 634 is controlled via one or more modules 622.

[0258] The environment 600 can include the HVAC system or otherwise be connected to the HVAC system. For instance, the environment 600 can include one or more HVAC modules 637. The HVAC modules 637 can be connected to one or more components of the HVAC system associated with a property. A module 637 can be configured to capture sensor data from, control operation of, or both, corresponding components of the HVAC system. In some implementations, the module 637 is configured to monitor energy consumption of an HVAC system component, for example, by directly measuring the energy consumption of the HVAC system components or by estimating the energy usage of the one or more HVAC system components by detecting usage of components of the HVAC system. The module 637 can communicate energy monitoring information, the state of the HVAC system components, or both, to the thermostat 634. The module 637 can control the one or more components of the HVAC system in response to receipt of commands received from the thermostat 634.

[0259] In some examples, the environment 600 includes one or more robotic devices 690. The robotic devices 690 can be any type of robots that are capable of moving, such as an aerial drone, a land-based robot, or a combination of both. The robotic devices 690 can take actions, such as capture sensor data or other actions that assist in security monitoring, property automation, or a combination of both. For example, the robotic devices 690 can include robots capable of moving throughout a property using automated navigation control technology, user input control provided by a user, or a combination of both. The robotic devices 690 can fly, roll, walk, or otherwise move about the property. The robotic devices 690 can include helicopter type devices (e.g., quad copters), rolling helicopter type devices (e.g., roller copter devices that can fly and roll along the ground, walls, or ceiling) and landAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1vehicle type devices (e.g., automated cars that drive around a property). In some examples, the robotic devices 690 can be robotic devices 690 that are intended for other purposes and merely associated with the environment 600 for use in appropriate circumstances. For instance, a robotic vacuum cleaner device can be associated with the environment 600 as one of the robotic devices 690 and can be controlled to take action responsive to monitoring system events.

[0260] In some examples, the robotic devices 690 automatically navigate within a property. In these examples, the robotic devices 690 include sensors and control processors that guide movement of the robotic devices 690 within the property. For instance, the robotic devices 690 can navigate within the property using one or more cameras, one or more proximity sensors, one or more gyroscopes, one or more accelerometers, one or more magnetometers, a global positioning system (“GPS”) unit, an altimeter, one or more sonar or laser sensors, any other types of sensors that aid in navigation about a space, or a combination of these. The robotic devices 690 can include control processors that process output from the various sensors and control the robotic devices 690 to move along a path that reaches the desired destination, avoids obstacles, or a combination of both. In this regard, the control processors detect walls or other obstacles in the property and guide movement of the robotic devices 690 in a manner that avoids the walls and other obstacles.

[0261] In some implementations, the robotic devices 690 can store data that describes attributes of the property. For instance, the robotic devices 690 can store a floorplan, a three-dimensional model of the property, or a combination of both, that enable the robotic devices 690 to navigate the property. During initial configuration, the robotic devices 690 can receive the data describing attributes of the property, determine a frame of reference to the data (e.g., a property or reference location in the property), and navigate the property using the frame of reference and the data describing attributes of the property. In some examples, initial configuration of the robotic devices 690 can include learning one or more navigation patterns in which a user provides input to control the robotic devices 690 to perform a specific navigation action (e.g., fly to an upstairs bedroom and spin around while capturing video and then return to a property charging base). In this regard, the robotic devices 690 can learn and store the navigation patterns such that the robotic devices 690 can automatically repeat the specific navigation actions upon a later request.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0262] In some examples, the robotic devices 690 can include data capture devices. In these examples, the robotic devices 690 can include, as data capture devices, one or more cameras, one or more motion sensors, one or more microphones, one or more biometric data collection tools, one or more temperature sensors, one or more humidity sensors, one or more air flow sensors, any other type of sensor that can be useful in capturing monitoring data related to the property and users in the property, or a combination of these. The one or more biometric data collection tools can be configured to collect biometric samples of a person in the property with or without contact of the person. For instance, the biometric data collection tools can include a fingerprint scanner, a hair sample collection tool, a skin cell collection tool, or any other tool that allows the robotic devices 690 to take and store a biometric sample that can be used to identify the person (e.g., a biometric sample with DNA that can be used for DNA testing).

[0263] In some implementations, the robotic devices 690 can include output devices. In these implementations, the robotic devices 690 can include one or more displays, one or more speakers, any other type of output devices that allow the robotic devices 690 to communicate information, e.g., to a nearby user or another type of person, or a combination of these.

[0264] The robotic devices 690 can include a communication module that enables the robotic devices 690 to communicate with the control unit 610, each other, other devices, or a combination of these. The communication module can be a wireless communication module that allows the robotic devices 690 to communicate wirelessly. For instance, the communication module can be a Wi-Fi® module that enables the robotic devices 690 to communicate over a local wireless network at the property. Other types of short-range wireless communication protocols, such as 900 MHz wireless communication, Bluetooth®, Bluetooth® LE, Z-wave®, Zigbee®, Matter, or any other appropriate type of wireless communication, can be used to allow the robotic devices 690 to communicate with other devices, e.g., in or off the property. In some implementations, the robotic devices 690 can communicate with each other or with other devices of the environment 600 through the network 605.

[0265] The robotic devices 690 can include processor and storage capabilities. The robotic devices 690 can include any one or more suitable processing devices that enable theAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1robotic devices 690 to execute instructions, operate applications, perform the actions described throughout this specification, or a combination of these. In some examples, the robotic devices 690 can include solid-state electronic storage that enables the robotic devices 690 to store applications, configuration data, collected sensor data, any other type of information available to the robotic devices 690, or a combination of two or more of these.

[0266] The robotic devices 690 can process captured data locally, provide captured data to one or more other devices for processing, e.g., the control unit 610 or the monitoring system 660, or a combination of both. For instance, the robotic device 690 can provide the images to the control unit 610 for processing. In some examples, the robotic device 690 can process the images to determine an identification of the items.

[0267] One or more of the robotic devices 690 can be associated with one or more charging stations. The charging stations can be located at a predefined home base or reference location in the property. The robotic devices 690 can be configured to navigate to one of the charging stations after completion of one or more tasks needed to be performed, e.g., for the environment 600. For instance, after completion of a monitoring operation or upon instruction by the control unit 610, a robotic device 690 can be configured to automatically fly to and connect with, e.g., land on, one of the charging stations. In this regard, a robotic device 690 can automatically recharge one or more batteries included in the robotic device 690 so that the robotic device 690 is less likely to need recharging when the environment 600 requires use of the robotic device 690, e.g., absent other concerns for the robotic device 690.

[0268] The charging stations can be contact-based charging stations, wireless charging stations, or a combination of both. For contact-based charging stations, the robotic devices 690 can have readily accessible points of contact to which a robotic device 690 can contact on the charging station. For instance, a helicopter type robotic device can have an electronic contact on a portion of its landing gear that rests on and couples with an electronic pad of a charging station when the helicopter type robotic device lands on the charging station. The electronic contact on the robotic device 690 can include a cover that opens to expose the electronic contact when the robotic device is charging and closes to cover and insulate the electronic contact when the robotic device 690 is in operation.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1

[0269] For wireless charging stations, the robotic devices 690 can charge through a wireless exchange of power. In these instances, a robotic device 690 needs only position itself closely enough to a wireless charging station for the wireless exchange of power to occur. In this regard, the positioning needed to land at a predefined home base or reference location in the property can be less precise than with a contact-based charging station. Based on the robotic devices 690 landing at a wireless charging station, the wireless charging station can output a wireless signal that the robotic device 690 receives and converts to a power signal that charges a battery maintained on the robotic device 690. As described in this specification, a robotic device 690 landing or coupling with a charging station can include a robotic device 690 positioning itself within a threshold distance of a wireless charging station such that the robotic device 690 is able to charge its battery.

[0270] In some implementations, one or more of the robotic devices 690 has an assigned charging station. In these implementations, the number of robotic devices 690 can equal the number of charging stations. In these implementations, the robotic devices 690 can always navigate to the specific charging station assigned to that robotic device 690. For instance, a first robotic device can always use a first charging station and a second robotic device can always use a second charging station.

[0271] In some examples, the robotic devices 690 can share charging stations. For instance, the robotic devices 690 can use one or more community charging stations that are capable of charging multiple robotic devices 690, e.g., substantially concurrently or separately or a combination of both at different times. The community charging station can be configured to charge multiple robotic devices 690 at substantially the same time, e.g., the community charging station can begin charging a first robotic device and then, while charging the first robotic device, begin charging a second robotic device five minutes later. The community charging station can be configured to charge multiple robotic devices 690 in serial such that the multiple robotic devices 690 take turns charging and, when fully charged, return to a predefined home base or reference location or another location in the property that is not associated with a charging station. The number of community charging stations can be less than the number of robotic devices 690.

[0272] In some instances, the charging stations might not be assigned to specific robotic devices 690 and can be capable of charging any of the robotic devices 690. In thisAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1regard, the robotic devices 690 can use any suitable, unoccupied charging station when not in use, e.g., when not performing an operation for the environment 600. For instance, when one of the robotic devices 690 has completed an operation or is in need of battery charge, the control unit 610 can reference a stored table of the occupancy status of each charging station and instructs the robotic device to navigate to the nearest charging station that has at least one unoccupied charger.

[0273] The environment 600 can include one or more integrated security devices 680. The one or more integrated security devices can include any type of device used to provide alerts based on received sensor data. For instance, the one or more control units 610 can provide one or more alerts to the one or more integrated security input / output devices 680. In some examples, the one or more control units 610 can receive sensor data from the sensors 620 and determine whether to provide an alert, or a message to cause presentation of an alert, to the one or more integrated security input / output devices 680.

[0274] The sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the module 637, the integrated security devices 680, and the robotic devices 690, can communicate with the controller 612 over communication links 624, 626, 628, 632, 636, 638, 684, and 686. The communication links 624, 626, 628, 632, 636, 638, 684, and 686 can be a wired or wireless data pathway configured to transmit signals between any combination of the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the module 637, the integrated security devices 680, the robotic devices 690, or the controller 612. The sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the module 637, the integrated security devices 680, and the robotic devices 690, can continuously transmit sensed values to the controller 612, periodically transmit sensed values to the controller 612, or transmit sensed values to the controller 612 in response to a change in a sensed value, a request, or both. In some implementations, the robotic devices 690 can communicate with the monitoring system 660 over network 605. The robotic devices 690 can connect and communicate with the monitoring system 660 using a Wi-Fi® or a cellular connection or any other appropriate type of connection.

[0275] The communication links 624, 626, 628, 632, 636, 638, 684, and 686 can include any appropriate type of network, such as a local network. The sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the robotic devices 690 and the integratedAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1security devices 680, and the controller 612 can exchange data and commands over the network.

[0276] The monitoring system 660 can include one or more electronic devices, e.g., one or more computers. In some implementations, the monitoring system 660 can be implemented on one of the sensors 620, e.g., such as a camera. The monitoring system 660 is configured to provide monitoring services by exchanging electronic communications with the control unit 610, the one or more devices 640 and 650, the central alarm system 670, or a combination of these, over the network 605. For example, the monitoring system 660 can be configured to monitor events (e.g., alarm events) generated by the control unit 610. In these examples, the monitoring system 660 can exchange electronic communications with the network module 614 included in the control unit 610 to receive information regarding events (e.g., alerts) detected by the control unit 610. The monitoring system 660 can receive information regarding events (e.g., alerts) from the one or more devices 640 and 650.

[0277] In some implementations, the monitoring system 660 might be configured to provide one or more services other than monitoring services. In these implementations, the monitoring system 660 might perform one or more operations described in this specification without providing any monitoring services, e.g., the monitoring system 660 might not be a monitoring system as described in the example shown in FIG. 6.

[0278] In some examples, the monitoring system 660 can route alert data received from the network module 614 or the one or more devices 640 and 650 to the central alarm system 670. For example, the monitoring system 660 can transmit the alert data to the central alarm system 670 over the network 605.

[0279] The monitoring system 660 can store sensor and image data received from the environment 600 and perform analysis of sensor and image data received from the environment 600. Based on the analysis, the monitoring system 660 can communicate with and control aspects of the control unit 610 or the one or more devices 640 and 650.

[0280] The monitoring system 660 can provide various monitoring services to the environment 600. For example, the monitoring system 660 can analyze the sensor, image, and other data to determine an activity pattern of a person of the property monitored by the environment 600. In some implementations, the monitoring system 660 can analyze the data for alarm conditions or can determine and perform actions at the property by issuingAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1commands to one or more components of the environment 600, possibly through the control unit 610.

[0281] The central alarm system 670 is an electronic device, or multiple electronic devices, configured to provide alarm monitoring service by exchanging communications with the control unit 610, the one or more mobile devices 640 and 650, the monitoring system 660, or a combination of these, over the network 605. For example, the central alarm system 670 can be configured to monitor alerting events generated by the control unit 610. In these examples, the central alarm system 670 can exchange communications with the network module 614 included in the control unit 610 to receive information regarding alerting events detected by the control unit 610. The central alarm system 670 can receive information regarding alerting events from the one or more mobile devices 640 and 650, the monitoring system 660, or both. In some implementations, the central alarm system 670 can be implemented, at least in part if not entirely, on the monitoring system 660. In these implementations, the monitoring system 660 can perform the operations described with reference to the central alarm system 670. One or both of the monitoring system 660 or the central alarm system 670 can be implemented in the cloud.

[0282] The central alarm system 670 is connected to multiple terminals 672 and 674. The terminals 672 and 674 can be used by operators to process alerting events. For example, the central alarm system 670, e.g., as part of a sensor data processing system or a first responder system, can route alerting data to the terminals 672 and 674 to enable an operator to process the alerting data. The terminals 672 and 674 can include general-purpose computers (e.g., desktop personal computers, workstations, or laptop computers) that are configured to receive alerting data from a computer in the central alarm system 670 and render a display of information using the alerting data. When the central alarm system 670 is part of a sensor data processing system, the central alarm system 670 can communicate with, e.g., send data to and receive data from, a separate first responder system (not shown).

[0283] For instance, the controller 612 can control the network module 614 to transmit, to the central alarm system 670, alerting data indicating that a sensor 620 detected motion from a motion sensor via the sensors 620. The central alarm system 670 can receive the alerting data and route the alerting data to the terminal 672 for processing by an operator associated with the terminal 672. The terminal 672 can render a display to the operator thatAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1includes information associated with the alerting event (e.g., the lock sensor data, the motion sensor data, the contact sensor data, etc.) and the operator can handle the alerting event based on the displayed information. In some implementations, the terminals 672 and 674 can be mobile devices or devices designed for a specific function. Although FIG. 6 illustrates two terminals for brevity, actual implementations can include more (and, perhaps, many more) terminals.

[0284] The one or more devices 640 and 650 are devices that can present content, e.g., host and display user interfaces, audio data, or both. For instance, the mobile device 640 is a mobile device that hosts or runs one or more native applications (e.g., the smart property application 642). The mobile device 640 can be a cellular phone or a non-cellular locally networked device with a display. The mobile device 640 can include a cell phone, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), or any other portable device configured to communicate over a network and present information. The mobile device 640 can perform functions unrelated to the monitoring system, such as placing personal telephone calls, playing music, playing video, displaying pictures, browsing the Internet, and maintaining an electronic calendar.

[0285] The mobile device 640 can include a smart property application 642. The smart property application 642 refers to a software / firmware program running on the corresponding mobile device that enables the user interface and features described throughout. The mobile device 640 can load or install the smart property application 642 using data received over a network or data received from local media. The smart property application 642 enables the mobile device 640 to receive and process image and sensor data from the monitoring system 660.

[0286] The device 650 can be a general-purpose computer (e.g., a desktop personal computer, a workstation, or a laptop computer) that is configured to communicate with the monitoring system 660, the control unit 610, or both, over the network 605. The device 650 can be configured to display a smart property user interface 652 that is generated by the device 650 or generated by the monitoring system 660. For example, the device 650 can be configured to display a user interface (e.g., a web page) generated using data provided by the monitoring system 660 that enables a user to perceive images captured by the camera 630, reports related to the monitoring system, or both. Although FIG. 6 illustrates two devices forAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1brevity, actual implementations can include more (and, perhaps, many more) or fewer devices.

[0287] In some implementations, the one or more devices 640 and 650 communicate with and receive data from the control unit 610 using the communication link 638. For instance, the one or more devices 640 and 650 can communicate with the control unit 610 using various wireless protocols, or wired protocols such as Ethernet and USB, to connect the one or more devices 640 and 650 to the control unit 610, e.g., local security and automation equipment. The one or more devices 640 and 650 can use a local network, a wide area network, or a combination of both, to communicate with other components in the environment 600. The one or more devices 640 and 650 can connect locally to the sensors and other devices in the environment 600.

[0288] Although the one or more devices 640 and 650 are shown as communicating with the control unit 610, the one or more devices 640 and 650 can communicate directly with the sensors and other devices controlled by the control unit 610. In some implementations, the one or more devices 640 and 650 replace the control unit 610 and perform one or more of the functions of the control unit 610 for local monitoring and long range, offsite, or both, communication.

[0289] In some implementations, the one or more devices 640 and 650 receive monitoring system data captured by the control unit 610 through the network 605. The one or more devices 640 and 650 can receive the data from the control unit 610 through the network 605, the monitoring system 660 can relay data received from the control unit 610 to the one or more devices 640 and 650 through the network 605, or a combination of both. In this regard, the monitoring system 660 can facilitate communication between the one or more devices 640 and 650 and various other components in the environment 600.

[0290] In some implementations, the one or more devices 640 and 650 can be configured to switch whether the one or more devices 640 and 650 communicate with the control unit 610 directly (e.g., through communication link 638) or through the monitoring system 660 (e.g., through network 605) based on a location of the one or more devices 640 and 650. For instance, when the one or more devices 640 and 650 are located close to, e.g., within a threshold distance of, the control unit 610 and in range to communicate directly with the control unit 610, the one or more devices 640 and 650 use direct communication. WhenAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1the one or more devices 640 and 650 are located far from, e.g., outside the threshold distance of, the control unit 610 and not in range to communicate directly with the control unit 610, the one or more devices 640 and 650 use communication through the monitoring system 660.

[0291] Although the one or more devices 640 and 650 are shown as being connected to the network 605, in some implementations, the one or more devices 640 and 650 are not connected to the network 605. In these implementations, the one or more devices 640 and 650 communicate directly with one or more of the monitoring system components and no network (e.g., Internet) connection or reliance on remote servers is needed.

[0292] In some implementations, the one or more devices 640 and 650 are used in conjunction with only local sensors and / or local devices in a house. In these implementations, the environment 600 includes the one or more devices 640 and 650, the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, and the robotic devices 690. The one or more devices 640 and 650 receive data directly from the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these, and send data directly to the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these. The one or more devices 640 and 650 can provide the appropriate interface, processing, or both, to provide visual surveillance and reporting using data received from the various other components.

[0293] In some implementations, the environment 600 includes network 605 and the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, and the robotic devices 690 are configured to communicate sensor and image data to the one or more devices 640 and 650 over network 605. In some implementations, the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, and the robotic devices 690 are programmed, e.g., intelligent enough, to change the communication pathway from a direct local pathway when the one or more devices 640 and 650 are in close physical proximity to the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these, to a pathway over network 605 when the one or more devices 640 and 650 are farther from the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these.

[0294] In some examples, the monitoring system 660 leverages GPS information from the one or more devices 640 and 650 to determine whether the one or more devices 640Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1and 650 are close enough to the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these, to use the direct local pathway or whether the one or more devices 640 and 650 are far enough from the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these, that the pathway over network 605 is required. In some examples, the monitoring system 660 leverages status communications (e.g., pinging) between the one or more devices 640 and 650 and the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these, to determine whether communication using the direct local pathway is possible. If communication using the direct local pathway is possible, the one or more devices 640 and 650 communicate with the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these, using the direct local pathway. If communication using the direct local pathway is not possible, the one or more devices 640 and 650 communicate with the sensors 620, the module 622, the camera 630, the thermostat 634, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of these, using the pathway over network 605.

[0295] In some implementations, the environment 600 provides people with access to images captured by the camera 630 to aid in decision-making. The environment 600 can transmit the images captured by the camera 630 over a network, e.g., a wireless WAN, to the devices 640 and 650. Because transmission over a network can be relatively expensive, the environment 600 can use several techniques to reduce costs while providing access to significant levels of useful visual information (e.g., compressing data, down-sampling data, sending data only over inexpensive LAN connections, or other techniques).

[0296] In some implementations, a state of the environment 600, one or more components in the environment 600, and other events sensed by a component in the environment 600 can be used to enable / disable video / image recording devices (e.g., the camera 630). In these implementations, the camera 630 can be set to capture images on a periodic basis when the alarm system is armed in an “away” state, set not to capture images when the alarm system is armed in a “stay” state or disarmed, or a combination of both. In some examples, the camera 630 can be triggered to begin capturing images when the control unit 610 detects an event, such as an alarm event, a door-opening event for a door that leads to an area within a field of view of the camera 630, or motion in the area within the field ofAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1view of the camera 630. In some implementations, the camera 630 can capture images continuously, but the captured images can be stored or transmitted over a network when needed.

[0297] In some implementations, when a device or system transmits data to another device or system, the transmission of the data, such as a message, can cause the other device or system to perform one or more actions. For instance, transmission of a message that includes an instruction to the other device, e.g., a camera, can cause the other device, e.g., the camera, to perform an action. The action can be any appropriate type of action, such as capture one or more images, transmit one or more images to the device or system, open a door, launch an application, trigger an alert, present a user interface for an application, or any combination of these.

[0298] Although FIG. 6 depicts the monitoring system 660 as remote from the control unit 610, in some examples the control unit 610 can be a component of the monitoring system 660. For instance, both the monitoring system 660 and the control unit 610 can be physically located at a property that includes the sensors 620 or at a location outside the property.

[0299] In some examples, some of the sensors 620, the robotic devices 690, or a combination of both, might not be directly associated with the property. For instance, a sensor or a robotic device might be located at an adjacent property or on a vehicle that passes by the property. A system at the adjacent property or for the vehicle, e.g., that is in communication with the vehicle or the robotic device, can provide data from that sensor or robotic device to the control unit 610, the monitoring system 660, or a combination of both.

[0300] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. For example, various forms of the flows shown above can be used, with operations re-ordered, added, or removed.

[0301] Implementations of the subject matter and the functional operations described in this specification can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, in tangibly-embodied computer software or firmware, in computer hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented asAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a tangible non-transitory program carrier for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus. Alternatively or in addition, the program instructions can be encoded on an artificially-generated propagated signal, e.g., a machinegenerated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to a suitable receiver apparatus for execution by a data processing apparatus. One or more computer storage media can include a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory device, or a combination of one or more of them.

[0302] The term “data processing apparatus” refers to data processing hardware and encompasses all kinds of apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can be or include special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., a field programmable gate array (“FPGA”) or an application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”). The apparatus can optionally include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for computer programs, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them.

[0303] A computer program, which may also be referred to or described as a program, software, a software application, a module, a software module, a script, or code, can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative or procedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program may, but need not, correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data, e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document, in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files, e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub-programs, or portions of code. A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

[0304] The processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable computers executing one or more computer programs toAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., a field programmable gate array (“FPGA”) or an application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”).

[0305] Computers suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, general or special purpose microprocessors or both, or any other kind of central processing unit. Generally, a central processing unit will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a central processing unit for performing or executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks.However, a computer need not have such devices. A computer can be embedded in another device, e.g., a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a headset, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), a mobile audio or video player, a game console, a Global Positioning System (“GPS”) receiver, or a portable storage device, e.g., a universal serial bus (“USB”) flash drive, to name just a few.

[0306] Computer-readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks;magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

[0307] To provide for interaction with a user, implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a liquid crystal display (“LCD”), an organic light emitting diode (“OLED”) or other monitor, for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball or a touchscreen, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well. For example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received inAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. In some examples, a computer can interact with a user by sending documents to and receiving documents from a device that is used by the user; for example, by sending web pages to a web browser on a user’s device in response to requests received from the web browser.

[0308] Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a front-end component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the subject matter described in this specification, or any combination of one or more such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (“LAN”) and a wide area network (“WAN”), e.g., the Internet.

[0309] The computing system can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. In some implementations, a server transmits data, e.g., an Hypertext Markup Language (“HTML”) page, to a user device, e.g., for purposes of displaying data to and receiving user input from a user device, which acts as a client. Data generated at the user device, e.g., a result of user interaction with the user device, can be received from the user device at the server.

[0310] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular implementations. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some instances be excised from theAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

[0311] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system modules and components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

[0312] Particular implementations have been described. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the operations recited in the claims, described in the specification, or depicted in the figures can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1CLAIMS1. A computer-implemented method comprising:determining whether a state of a wireless access point at a property satisfies a state criterion;in response to determining that state of the wireless access point at the property satisfies the state criterion, determining whether a change in a wireless network for a property satisfies a change criterion; andin response to determining that the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion, determining that a wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering one or more actions for the property.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion comprises determining whether a number of reconnection requests for the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies a request threshold; and determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property are responsive to determining that the number of reconnection requests for the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the request threshold.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining whether the number of reconnection requests for the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the request threshold comprises determining whether the number of reconnection requests for a wireless device connected to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the request threshold.

4. The method of any preceding claim, wherein:determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion comprises determining whether a predicted amount of noise on one or more wireless channels satisfies a noise criterion; anddetermining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property are responsive to determining that the predicted amount ofAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion.

5. The method of claim 4, comprising:in response to determining that the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion, initiating a timer to an active state;while the timer is in the active state:determining whether an updated predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion and to maintain the timer in the active state instead of ending the timer; andafter determining whether the updated predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion and to maintain the timer in the active state instead of ending the timer, determining whether a duration of the timer satisfies a timer threshold, wherein:determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property are responsive to determining that the duration of the timer satisfies the timer threshold.

6. The method of any of claims 4 to 5, wherein the wireless access point uses a first wireless protocol, the method comprising:determining, using measurement data for the one or more wireless channels that was captured using a second, different wireless protocol, the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels,wherein determining whether the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion uses the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels based on measurements using the second, different wireless protocol that is different than the first wireless protocol used by the wireless access point.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein:the one or more wireless channels comprise a plurality of subchannels; determining the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels comprises:computing, for two or more subchannels from the plurality of subchannels andAttorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1using subchannel data that was captured using the second, different wireless protocol, a predicted amount of noise on the subchannel; andcomputing a noise combination by combining, from each of the two or more subchannels, the respective predicted amount of noise; anddetermining whether the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion comprises determining whether the noise combination for the two or more subchannels satisfies the noise criterion.

8. The method of claim 7, comprising computing the noise criterion using the noise combination and a prior noise criterion for a prior time period, wherein:computing the predicted amount of noise on the subchannel comprises computing, for a current time period after the prior time period, the predicted amount of noise on the subchannel; anddetermining whether the noise combination for the two or more subchannels satisfies the noise criterion comprises determining, for the current time period after the prior time period, whether the noise combination for the two or more subchannels satisfies the noise criterion.

9. The method of any of claims 4 to 8, comprising determining the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels of the wireless access point using data from the wireless access point.

10. The method of any of claims 4 to 9, wherein the one or more wireless channels comprise one or more channels that overlap with at least one network channel used by the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more wireless channels comprise one or more Bluetooth subchannels and the at least one network channel used by the wireless network comprises a Wi-Fi network channel.

12. The method of any of claims 10 to 11, wherein determining whether the change in the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the change criterion comprises:Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1determining, by a jamming detector that includes a wireless network antenna and is a separate device from the wireless access point, whether the change in the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point satisfies the change criterion using data for the one or more channels captured by the wireless network antenna.

13. The method of any preceding claim, comprising:determining whether a predicted amount of noise on one or more wireless channels satisfies a noise criterion; andin response to determining that the predicted amount of noise on the one or more wireless channels satisfies the noise criterion, determining that the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion, wherein determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property are responsive to determining that the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion.

14. The method of any preceding claim, wherein:determining whether the state of the wireless access point at the property satisfies the state criterion comprises determining whether the wireless access point has a network connection with a backend system; anddetermining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion is responsive to determining that the wireless access point has a network connection with the backend system.

15. The method of any preceding claim, wherein:determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion comprises determining whether one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point; and determining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property are responsive to determining that the one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein:Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO1determining whether the one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point comprises determining whether a threshold amount of the one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network; anddetermining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property are responsive to determining that the threshold amount of the one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network.

17. The method of any preceding claim, wherein determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion comprises:in response to determining that state of the wireless access point at the property satisfies the state criterion, determining whether a second change in a second wireless network that is broadcast by a neighboring wireless access point, within a threshold distance of the property, satisfies a network change threshold; andin response to determining that the second change in the second wireless network that is broadcast by the neighboring wireless access point satisfies the network change threshold, determining whether one or more wireless devices at the property do not have access to the wireless network broadcast by the wireless access point.

18. The method of any preceding claim, wherein:determining whether the change in the wireless network for the property satisfies the change criterion comprises determining whether the change in the wireless network that is broadcast by a neighboring wireless access point, within a threshold distance of the property, satisfies a network change threshold; anddetermining that the wireless jamming event is likely occurring and triggering the one or more actions for the property are responsive to determining that the change in the wireless network that is broadcast by the neighboring wireless access point satisfies the network change threshold.

19. A system comprising one or more computers and one or more storage devices on which are stored instructions that are operable, when executed by the one or more computers, to cause the one or more computers to perform the method of any preceding claim.Attorney Docket No. 22888-0674WO120. One or more computer storage media encoded with instructions that, when executed by one or more computers, cause the one or more computers to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 18.

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