Heteroaryl pyridone and aza-pyridone compounds as inhibitors of btk activity

Abstract

Heteroaryl pyridone and aza-pyridone compounds of Formula I are provided, where one or two of X¹, X², and X³ are N, and including stereoisomers, tautomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful for inhibiting Blk kinase, and for treating immune disorders such as inflammation mediated by Blk kinase. Methods of using compounds of Formula I for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, and treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions, are disclosed.

Description

[0001] HETEROARYL PYRIDONE AND AZA-PYRIDONE COMPOUNDS AS

[0002] INHIBITORS OF BTK ACTIVITY

[0003] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0004] This non-provisional application filed under 37 CFR § 1.53(b), claims the benefit under 35 USC § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61 / 555,393 filed on 3 November 2011, which is incorporated by reference in entirety. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The invention relates generally to compounds for treating disorders mediated by Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) including inflammation, immunological, and cancer, and more specifically to compounds which inhibit Btk activity. The invention also relates to methods of using the compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions.

[0006] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0007] Protein kinases, the largest family of human enzymes, encompass well over 500 proteins. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) is a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, and is a regulator of early B-cell development as well as mature B-cell activation, signaling, and survival.

[0008] B-cell signaling through the B-cell receptor (BCR) can lead to a wide range of biological outputs, which in turn depend on the developmental stage of the B-cell. The magnitude and duration of BCR signals must be precisely regulated. Aberrant BCR- mediated signaling can cause disregulated B-cell activation and / or the formation of pathogenic auto-antibodies leading to multiple autoimmune and / or inflammatory diseases. Mutation of Btk in humans results in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA). This disease is associated with the impaired maturation of B-cells, diminished immunoglobulin production, compromised T-cell-independent immune responses and marked attenuation of the sustained calcium sign upon BCR stimulation. Evidence for the role of Btk in allergic disorders and / or autoimmune disease and / or inflammatory disease has been established in Btk-deficient mouse models. For example, in standard murine preclinical models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Btk deficiency has been shown to result in a marked amelioration of disease progression. Moreover, Btk deficient mice can also be resistant to developing collagen-induced arthritis and can be less susceptible to Staphylococcus-induced arthritis. A large body of evidence supports the role of B-cells and the humoral immune system in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and / or inflammatory diseases. Protein-based therapeutics (such as Rituxan) developed to deplete B-cells, represent an approach to the treatment of a number of autoimmune and / or inflammatory diseases. Because of Btk's role in B-cell activation, inhibitors of Btk can be useful as inhibitors of B-cell mediated pathogenic activity (such as autoantibody production). Btk is also expressed in osteoclasts, mast cells and monocytes and has been shown to be important for the function of these cells. For example, Btk deficiency in mice is associated with impaired IgE -mediated mast cell activation (marked diminution of TNF-alpha and other inflammatory cytokine release), and Btk deficiency in humans is associated with greatly reduced TNF-alpha production by activated monocytes.

[0009] Thus, inhibition of Btk activity can be useful for the treatment of allergic disorders and / or autoimmune and / or inflammatory diseases such as: SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple vasculitides, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myasthenia gravis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma (Di Paolo et al (2011) Nature Chem. Biol. 7(l):41-50; Liu et al (2011) Jour, of Pharm. and Exper. Ther. 338(1): 154-163). In addition, Btk has been reported to play a role in apoptosis; thus, inhibition of Btk activity can be useful for cancer, as well as the treatment of B-cell lymphoma, leukemia, and other hematological malignancies. Moreover, given the role of Btk in osteoclast function, the inhibition of Btk activity can be useful for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis. Specific Btk inhibitors have been reported (Liu (2011) Drug Metab. and Disposition 39(10): 1840-1849; US 7884108, WO 2010 / 056875; US

[0010] 7405295; US 7393848; WO 2006 / 053121; US 7947835; US 2008 / 0139557; US 7838523; US 2008 / 0125417; US 2011 / 0118233; PCT / US2011 / 050034 "PYRIDINONES / PYRAZINONES, METHOD OF MAKING, AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF", filed 31 Aug 2011;

[0011] PCT / US2011 / 050013 "PYRIDAZINONES, METHOD OF MAKING, AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF", filed 31 Aug 2011; US Ser. No. 13 / 102720 "PYRIDONE AND AZA- PYRIDONE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE", filed 6 May 2011).

[0012] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The invention relates generally to Formula I, heteroaryl pyridone and aza-pyridone compounds with Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) modulating activity.

[0014] Formula I compounds have the structures:

[0015] including stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The various substituents are defined herein below.

[0016] One aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprised of a Formula I compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, glidant, diluent, or excipient. The pharmaceutical composition may further comprise a second therapeutic agent.

[0017] Another aspect of the invention is a process for making a pharmaceutical composition which comprises combining a Formula I compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0018] The invention includes a method of treating a disease or disorder which method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Formula I compound to a patient with a disease or disorder selected from immune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism / endocrine function disorders and neurological disorders, and mediated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

[0019] The invention includes a kit for treating a condition mediated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase, comprising: a) a first pharmaceutical composition comprising a Formula I compound; and b) instructions for use.

[0020] The invention includes a Formula I compound for use as a medicament, and for use in treating a disease or disorder selected from immune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism / endocrine function disorders and neurological disorders, and mediated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

[0021] The invention includes use of a Formula I compound in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of immune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism / endocrine function disorders and neurological disorders, and where the medicament mediates Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

[0022] The invention includes methods of making a Formula I compound.

[0023] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFigure 1 shows the preparation of 2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan 3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridm^

[0024] 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 101 starting with 2,2,2-Trichloro-l- (4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-lH-indol-2-yl)ethanone 101a.

[0025] Figure 2 shows the preparation of 2-(4-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4- methylpiperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 102 starting with l-Methyl-3-[5-(4- methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)- lH-pyridin-2-one 102a

[0026] Figure 3 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 103 starting with 2-Bromo-4- chloronicotinaldehyde 103 a

[0027] Figure 4 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-4-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 104 starting with 4-Bromo-2- chloronicotinaldehyde 104a

[0028] Figure 5 shows the preparation of 4-Hydroxymethyl- 3-[l-methyl-5-({5-[4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl]pyridine-2-yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5-{6-oxo-8-thia-5- azatricyclo-[7.4.0.02'7]trideca-l(9),2(7)-dien-5-yl}pyridine 105 starting with N-Methoxy-N- methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[¾]thiophene-2-carboxamide 105a

[0029] Figure 6 shows the preparation of 4-Hydroxymethyl-3-[l-methyl-5-({5-[4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl]pyridine-2-yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5-{4,4-dimethyl-9- oxo-7-thia-10-azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-l(8), 2(6)-dien-10-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 106 starting with 3,3-Dimethylcyclopentanone 106a

[0030] Figure 7 shows the preparation of 10-[4-[l-Methyl-5-({5-[4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l- yl]pyridine-2-yl} amino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyri

[0031] dimethyl-l,10-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-9-one 107 starting with (E)-Ethyl 3-(2-Chloro-4,4-dimethylcyclopent-l-enyl)acrylate 107a

[0032] Figure 8 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 4,4-dimethyl-l,10- diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-9-one 108 starting with 4- Chloro-2-{4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-l,10- diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-10- yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 108a.Figure 9 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-

[0033] 4.4- dimethyl-7-thia-10-azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-l(8),2(6)-dien-9-one 109 starting with 4-Chloro-2-{4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-7-thia-10- azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-l(8),2(6)-dien-10- yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 109a.

[0034] Figure 10 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(6-(4- methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)pyridine-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 110 starting with l-Methyl-3-(6-(4- methylpiperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 110a

[0035] Figure 11 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 111 starting with (6-Aminopyridin-3- yl)(morpholino)methanone 111a

[0036] Figure 12 shows the preparation of 2-(4-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrido[3,4-b]indolizin-l(2H)-one 112 starting with Methyl 5,6,7,8- Tetrahydroindolizine-2-carboxylate 112a

[0037] Figure 13 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-methyl- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo [l,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin

[0038] 2- yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 113 starting with (3-Nitro-lH- pyrazol-5-yl)methanol 113a

[0039] Figure 14 shows the preparation of (i?)-2-(4-(6-(4-(l,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2- yl)phenylamino)-4-methyl-5- oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazin-2-yl)-3-(hydroxyrnethyl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 114 starting with (i?)-5-bromo-3-(4- (1 ,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2-yl)phenylamino)- 1 -methylpyrazin -2(lH)-one 114a

[0040] Figure 15 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5 -(5 -methyl - lH-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 115 starting with 5-Bromo-l-methyl-3-(5-methyl- 1 H-pyrazol-3 -ylamino)pyridin-2( 1 H)-one 115a

[0041] Figure 16 shows the preparation of 4-Hydroxymethyl-3-[l-methyl-5-({5-[4-(oxetan-

[0042] 3- yl)piperazin- 1 -yl]pyridine-2-yl} amino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5- {6-oxo-8-thia-

[0043] 2 7

[0044] 4.5- diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0 ' ]trideca-l(9),2(7),3-trien-5-yl}pyridine 116 starting with 3-Bromo5-{6-oxo-8-thia-4,5-diazatricyclo[7^ .02'7]trideca (9),2(7),3-trien-5-yl}pyridine-4- carbaldehyde 116a

[0045] Figure 17 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5- (methylsulfonyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 -yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9 hexahydro-pyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 117 starting with 5-(Methylthio)-2-nitropyridine 117a

[0046] Figure 18 shows the preparation of 2-(4-(5-(5-Cyclopropyl-lH-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-l methyl-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 118 starting with tert- utyl 5-Amino-3- cyclopropyl- 1 H-pyrazole- 1 -carboxylate 118a

[0047] Figure 19 shows the preparation of (5)-2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(2- methyl-4-(oxetan-3 -yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 - yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 119 starting with (S)- (4-(l -Methyl-5-(5-(2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6- dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin- 3-yl)methyl acetate 119a

[0048] Figure 20 shows the preparation of 2-(4-(5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxy-2- methylpropyl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-3 (hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 120 starting with 5-Bromo-3-(5-(4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)- 1 -methylpyridin-2(l H)-one 120a

[0049] Figure 21 shows the preparation of 2-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridine-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2- yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 121 starting with 4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 121a

[0050] Figure 22 shows the preparation of 2-(4-(5-(5-((2S,5R)-2,5-Dimethyl-4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-3- (hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 122 starting with (2R, 55)-tert-Butyl 2,5-Dimethyl-4-(6-nitropyridin-3-yl)piperazine-l- carboxylate 122a

[0051] Figure 23 shows the preparation of 2-(4-(5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-yl amino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 -yl)-3 -(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-pyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 123 starting with (2- Bromoethoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane 123a

[0052] Figure 24 shows the preparation of 3-Hydroxymethyl- 4-[l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridine-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-2-{6-oxo-8-thia-4,5-

[0053] 2 7

[0054] diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0 ' ]trideca-l(9),2(7),3- trien-5-yl} pyridine 124 starting with 4-Chloro-2- {6-oxo-8-thia-4,5-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02'7]trideca-l(9),2(7),3-trien-5-yl}pyridine-3- carbaldehyde 124a

[0055] Figure 25 shows the preparation of 7,7-difluoro-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2- a]indol-l(2H)-one, useful for the preparation of 140, starting from ethyl lH-pyrrole-2- carboxylate.

[0056] Figure 26 shows the preparation of 5-(oxetan-3-yl)-lH-pyrazol-3-amine, useful for the preparation of 266, starting from 3-nitro-lH-pyrazole.

[0057] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0058] Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying structures and formulas. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the enumerated embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents which may be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated literature, patents, and similar materials differs from or contradicts this application, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, this application controls. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. The nomenclature used in this Application is based on IUPAC systematic nomenclature, unless indicated otherwise.

[0059] DEFINITIONSWhen indicating the number of substituents, the term "one or more" refers to the range from one substituent to the highest possible number of substitution, i.e. replacement of one hydrogen up to replacement of all hydrogens by substituents. The term "substituent" denotes an atom or a group of atoms replacing a hydrogen atom on the parent molecule. The term "substituted" denotes that a specified group bears one or more substituents. Where any group may carry multiple substituents and a variety of possible substituents is provided, the substituents are independently selected and need not to be the same. The term "unsubstituted" means that the specified group bears no substituents. The term "optionally substituted" means that the specified group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents, independently chosen from the group of possible substituents. When indicating the number of substituents, the term "one or more" means from one substituent to the highest possible number of substitution, i.e. replacement of one hydrogen up to replacement of all hydrogens by substituents.

[0060] The term "alkyl" as used herein refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical of one to twelve carbon atoms (C1-C12), wherein the alkyl radical may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described below. In another embodiment, an alkyl radical is one to eight carbon atoms (Ci-C8), or one to six carbon atoms (Ci-C6). Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl (Me, -CH3), ethyl (Et, -CH2CH3), 1 -propyl (n-Pr, n-propyl, -CH2CH2CH3), 2-propyl (i-Pr, i-propyl, -CH(CH3)2), 1 -butyl (n-Bu, n-butyl, -CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-methyl- 1 -propyl (i- Bu, i-butyl, -CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-butyl (s-Bu, s-butyl, -CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-Bu, t-butyl, -C(CH3)3), 1-pentyl (n-pentyl, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-pentyl (- CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3), 3-pentyl (-CH(CH2CH3)2), 2-methyl-2-butyl (-C(CH3)2CH2CH3), 3- methyl-2-butyl (-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2), 3 -methyl- 1 -butyl (-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-methyl-l- butyl (-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 1-hexyl (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), 2-hexyl (-

[0061] CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3), 3-hexyl (-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3)), 2-methyl-2-pentyl (- C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3), 3-methyl-2-pentyl (-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 4-methyl-2-pentyl (- CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2), 3-methyl-3-pentyl (-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2), 2-methyl-3-pentyl (- CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2), 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2), 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl (- CH(CH3)C(CH3)3, 1 -heptyl, 1 -octyl, and the like.

[0062] The term "alkylene" as used herein refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain divalent hydrocarbon radical of one to twelve carbon atoms (Ci-Ci2), wherein the alkylene radical may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents describedbelow. In another embodiment, an alkylene radical is one to eight carbon atoms (Ci-C8), or one to six carbon atoms (Ci-C6). Examples of alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-), propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-), and the like.

[0063] The term "alkenyl" refers to linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical of two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8) with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon- carbon, sp double bond, wherein the alkenyl radical may be optionally substituted

[0064] independently with one or more substituents described herein, and includes radicals having "cis" and "trans" orientations, or alternatively, "E" and "Z" orientations. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethylenyl or vinyl (-CH=CH2), allyl (-CH2CH=CH2), and the like.

[0065] The term "alkenylene" refers to linear or branched-chain divalent hydrocarbon radical of two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8) with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon- carbon, sp double bond, wherein the alkenylene radical may be optionally substituted substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein, and includes radicals having "cis" and "trans" orientations, or alternatively, "E" and "Z" orientations.

[0066] Examples include, but are not limited to, ethylenylene or vinylene (-CH=CH-), allyl (- CH2CH=CH-), and the like.

[0067] The term "alkynyl" refers to a linear or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical of two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8) with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon-carbon, sp triple bond, wherein the alkynyl radical may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (-C≡CH), propynyl (propargyl, -CH C≡CH), and the like.

[0068] The term "alkynylene" refers to a linear or branched divalent hydrocarbon radical of two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8) with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon-carbon, sp triple bond, wherein the alkynylene radical may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethynylene (-C≡C-), propynylene (propargylene, -CH2C≡C-), and the like.

[0069] The terms "carbocycle", "carbocyclyl", "carbocyclic ring" and "cycloalkyl" refer to a monovalent non-aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 3 to 12 carbon atoms (C3-C12) as a monocyclic ring or 7 to 12 carbon atoms as a bicyclic ring. Bicyclic

[0070] carbocycles having 7 to 12 atoms can be arranged, for example, as a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6] or [6,6] system, and bicyclic carbocycles having 9 or 10 ring atoms can be arranged as a bicyclo [5,6] or [6,6] system, or as bridged systems such as bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane,

[0071] bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane. Spiro moieties are also included within thescope of this definition. Examples of monocyclic carbocycles include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-l-enyl, l-cyclopent-2-enyl, l-cyclopent-3- enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-l-enyl, l-cyclohex-2-enyl, l-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclododecyl, and the like. Carbocyclyl groups are optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.

[0072] "Aryl" means a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical of 6-20 carbon atoms (C6- C20) derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system. Some aryl groups are represented in the exemplary structures as "Ar". Aryl includes bicyclic radicals comprising an aromatic ring fused to a saturated, partially unsaturated ring, or aromatic carbocyclic ring. Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from benzene (phenyl), substituted benzenes, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, indenyl, indanyl, 1 ,2-dihydronaphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like. Aryl groups are optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.

[0073] "Arylene" means a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical of 6-20 carbon atoms (C6- C20) derived by the removal of two hydrogen atom from a two carbon atoms of a parent aromatic ring system. Some arylene groups are represented in the exemplary structures as "Ar". Arylene includes bicyclic radicals comprising an aromatic ring fused to a saturated, partially unsaturated ring, or aromatic carbocyclic ring. Typical arylene groups include, but are not limited to, radicals derived from benzene (phenylene), substituted benzenes, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenylene, indenylene, indanyl ene, 1 ,2-dihydronaphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like. Arylene groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents described herein.

[0074] The terms "heterocycle," "heterocyclyl" and "heterocyclic ring" are used

[0075] interchangeably herein and refer to a saturated or a partially unsaturated (i.e., having one or more double and / or triple bonds within the ring) carbocyclic radical of 3 to about 20 ring atoms in which at least one ring atom is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur, the remaining ring atoms being C, where one or more ring atoms is optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described below. A heterocycle may be a monocycle having 3 to 7 ring members (2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, P, and S) or a bicycle having 7 to 10 ring members (4 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from N, O, P, and S), for example: a bicyclo[4,5], [5,5], [5,6], or [6,6] system. Heterocycles are described in Paquette, Leo A.;

[0076] "Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry" (W.A. Benjamin, New York, 1968), particularly Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9; "The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, A series of Monographs" (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1950 to present), in particular Volumes 13, 14, 16, 19, and 28; and J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1960) 82:5566. "Heterocyclyl" also includes radicals where heterocycle radicals are fused with a saturated, partially unsaturated ring, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Examples of heterocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, morpholin-4-yl, piperidin-l-yl, piperazinyl, piperazin-4-yl-2-one, piperazin-4-yl-3-one, pyrrolidin-l-yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl, S-dioxothiomorpholin-4-yl, azocan-l-yl, azetidin-l-yl, octahydropyrido[l,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl, [l,4]diazepan-l-yl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, homopiperidinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H- pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl,

[0077] dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinylimidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3- azabicyco[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, azabicyclo[2.2.2]hexanyl, 3H-indolyl quinolizinyl and N-pyridyl ureas. Spiro moieties are also included within the scope of this definition. Examples of a heterocyclic group wherein 2 ring atoms are substituted with oxo (=0) moieties are pyrimidinonyl and 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl. The heterocycle groups herein are optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.

[0078] The term "heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent aromatic radical of 5-, 6-, or 7- membered rings, and includes fused ring systems (at least one of which is aromatic) of 5-20 atoms, containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl groups are pyridinyl (including, for example, 2- hydroxypyridinyl), imidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, pyrimidinyl (including, for example, 4- hydroxypyrimidinyl), pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl,

[0079] tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl,

[0080] benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, and furopyridinyl.Heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.

[0081] The heterocycle or heteroaryl groups may be carbon (carbon-linked), or nitrogen (nitrogen-linked) bonded where such is possible. By way of example and not limitation, carbon bonded heterocycles or heteroaryls are bonded at position 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridine, position 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridazine, position 2, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyrimidine, position 2, 3, 5, or 6 of a pyrazine, position 2, 3, 4, or 5 of a furan, tetrahydrofuran, thiofuran, thiophene, pyrrole or tetrahydropyrrole, position 2, 4, or 5 of an oxazole, imidazole or thiazole, position 3, 4, or 5 of an isoxazole, pyrazole, or isothiazole, position 2 or 3 of an aziridine, position 2, 3, or 4 of an azetidine, position 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of a quinoline or position 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of an isoquinoline.

[0082] By way of example and not limitation, nitrogen bonded heterocycles or heteroaryls are bonded at position 1 of an aziridine, azetidine, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, 2-pyrroline, 3- pyrroline, imidazole, imidazolidine, 2-imidazoline, 3 -imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, 2- pyrazoline, 3 -pyrazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indole, indoline, lH-indazole, position 2 of a isoindole, or isoindoline, position 4 of a morpholine, and position 9 of a carbazole, or β- carboline.

[0083] The terms "treat" and "treatment" refer to therapeutic treatment, wherein the object is to slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change or disorder, such as the

[0084] development or spread of arthritis or cancer. For purposes of this invention, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable. "Treatment" can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment. Those in need of treatment include those with the condition or disorder.

[0085] The phrase "therapeutically effective amount" means an amount of a compound of the present invention that (i) treats the particular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) attenuates, ameliorates, or eliminates one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or delays the onset of one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, or disorder described herein. In the case of cancer, the therapeutically effective amount of the drug may reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, tosome extent, tumor growth; and / or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. To the extent the drug may prevent growth and / or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and / or cytotoxic. For cancer therapy, efficacy can be measured, for example, by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and / or

[0086] determining the response rate (RR).

[0087] "Inflammatory disorder" as used herein can refer to any disease, disorder, or syndrome in which an excessive or unregulated inflammatory response leads to excessive inflammatory symptoms, host tissue damage, or loss of tissue function. "Inflammatory disorder" also refers to a pathological state mediated by influx of leukocytes and / or neutrophil chemotaxis.

[0088] "Inflammation" as used herein refers to a localized, protective response elicited by injury or destruction of tissues, which serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off (sequester) both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. Inflammation is notably associated with influx of leukocytes and / or neutrophil chemotaxis. Inflammation can result from infection with pathogenic organisms and viruses and from noninfectious means such as trauma or reperfusion following myocardial infarction or stroke, immune response to foreign antigen, and autoimmune responses. Accordingly, inflammatory disorders amenable to treatment with Formula I compounds encompass disorders associated with reactions of the specific defense system as well as with reactions of the nonspecific defense system.

[0089] "Specific defense system" refers to the component of the immune system that reacts to the presence of specific antigens. Examples of inflammation resulting from a response of the specific defense system include the classical response to foreign antigens, autoimmune diseases, and delayed type hypersensitivity response mediated by T-cells. Chronic inflammatory diseases, the rejection of solid transplanted tissue and organs, e.g., kidney and bone marrow transplants, and graft versus host disease (GVHD), are further examples of inflammatory reactions of the specific defense system.

[0090] The term "nonspecific defense system" as used herein refers to inflammatory disorders that are mediated by leukocytes that are incapable of immunological memory (e.g., granulocytes, and macrophages). Examples of inflammation that result, at least in part, from a reaction of the nonspecific defense system include inflammation associated with conditions such as adult (acute) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or multiple organ injury syndromes; reperfusion injury; acute glomerulonephritis; reactive arthritis; dermatoses with acute inflammatory components; acute purulent meningitis or other central nervous systeminflammatory disorders such as stroke; thermal injury; inflammatory bowel disease;

[0091] granulocyte transfusion associated syndromes; and cytokine-induced toxicity.

[0092] "Autoimmune disease" as used herein refers to any group of disorders in which tissue injury is associated with humoral or cell-mediated responses to the body's own constituents.

[0093] "Allergic disease" as used herein refers to any symptoms, tissue damage, or loss of tissue function resulting from allergy. "Arthritic disease" as used herein refers to any disease that is characterized by inflammatory lesions of the joints attributable to a variety of etiologies. "Dermatitis" as used herein refers to any of a large family of diseases of the skin that are characterized by inflammation of the skin attributable to a variety of etiologies.

[0094] "Transplant rejection" as used herein refers to any immune reaction directed against grafted tissue, such as organs or cells (e.g., bone marrow), characterized by a loss of function of the grafted and surrounding tissues, pain, swelling, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. The therapeutic methods of the present invention include methods for the treatment of disorders associated with inflammatory cell activation.

[0095] "Inflammatory cell activation" refers to the induction by a stimulus (including, but not limited to, cytokines, antigens or auto-antibodies) of a proliferative cellular response, the production of soluble mediators (including but not limited to cytokines, oxygen radicals, enzymes, prostanoids, or vasoactive amines), or cell surface expression of new or increased numbers of mediators (including, but not limited to, major histocompatability antigens or cell adhesion molecules) in inflammatory cells (including but not limited to monocytes, macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, granulocytes (i.e., polymorphonuclear leukocytes such as neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils), mast cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, and endothelial cells). It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the activation of one or a combination of these phenotypes in these cells can contribute to the initiation, perpetuation, or exacerbation of an inflammatory disorder.

[0096] The term "NSAID" is an acronym for "non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug" and is a therapeutic agent with analgesic, antipyretic (lowering an elevated body temperature and relieving pain without impairing consciousness) and, in higher doses, with anti-inflammatory effects (reducing inflammation). The term "non-steroidal" is used to distinguish these drugs from steroids, which (among a broad range of other effects) have a similar eicosanoid- depressing, anti-inflammatory action. As analgesics, NSAIDs are unusual in that they are non-narcotic. NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. NSAIDs are usually indicated for the treatment of acute or chronic conditions where pain and inflammation are present. NSAIDs are generally indicated for the symptomatic relief of the followingconditions: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathies (e.g. ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, acute gout, dysmenorrhoea, metastatic bone pain, headache and migraine, postoperative pain, mild-to-moderate pain due to inflammation and tissue injury, pyrexia, ileus, and renal colic. Most NSAIDs act as non-selective inhibitors of the enzyme cyclooxygenase, inhibiting both the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and

[0097] cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzymes. Cyclooxygenase catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachidonic acid (itself derived from the cellular phospholipid bilayer by phospholipase A2). Prostaglandins act (among other things) as messenger molecules in the process of inflammation. COX-2 inhibitors include celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, parecoxib, rofecoxib, rofecoxib, and valdecoxib.

[0098] The terms "cancer" refers to or describe the physiological condition in mammals that is typically characterized by unregulated cell growth. A "tumor" comprises one or more cancerous cells. Examples of cancer include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies. More particular examples of such cancers include squamous cell cancer (e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer), lung cancer including small- cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer ("NSCLC"), adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, as well as head and neck cancer.

[0099] "Hematological malignancies" (British spelling "Haematological" malignancies) are the types of cancer that affect blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. As the three are intimately connected through the immune system, a disease affecting one of the three will often affect the others as well: although lymphoma is a disease of the lymph nodes, it often spreads to the bone marrow, affecting the blood. Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and / or oncology. In some centers "Hematology / oncology" is a single subspecialty of internal medicine while in others they are considered separate divisions (there are also surgical and radiation oncologists). Not all hematological disorders are malignant ("cancerous"); these other blood conditions may also be managed by a hematologist. Hematological malignancies may derive from either of the two major blood cell lineages: myeloid and lymphoid cell lines. The myeloid cell line normally produces granulocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes,macrophages and mast cells; the lymphoid cell line produces B, T, NK and plasma cells.

[0100] Lymphomas, lymphocytic leukemias, and myeloma are from the lymphoid line, while acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelodysplasia syndromes and myeloproliferative diseases are myeloid in origin. Leukemias include Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Lymphomas include Hodgkin's lymphomas (all four subtypes) and Non- Hodgkin's lymphomas (all subtypes).

[0101] A "chemotherapeutic agent" is a chemical compound useful in the treatment of cancer, regardless of mechanism of action. Classes of chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, spindle poison plant alkaloids,

[0102] cytotoxic / antitumor antibiotics, topoisomerase inhibitors, antibodies, photosensitizers, and kinase inhibitors. Chemotherapeutic agents include compounds used in "targeted therapy" and conventional chemotherapy. Examples of chemotherapeutic agents include: erlotinib (TARCEVA®, Genentech / OSI Pharm.), docetaxel (TAXOTERE®, Sanofi-Aventis), 5-FU (fluorouracil, 5-fluorouracil, CAS No. 51-21-8), gemcitabine (GEMZAR®, Lilly), PD- 0325901 (CAS No. 391210-10-9, Pfizer), cisplatin (cis-diamine, dichloroplatinum(II), CAS No. 15663-27-1), carboplatin (CAS No. 41575-94-4), paclitaxel (TAXOL®, Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.), trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN®, Genentech), temozolomide (4-methyl-5-oxo- 2,3,4,6, 8-pentazabicyclo [4.3.0] nona-2,7,9-triene- 9-carboxamide, CAS No. 85622-93-1, TEMODAR®, TEMODAL®, Schering Plough), tamoxifen ((Z)-2-[4-(l,2- diphenylbut- 1 -enyl)phenoxy] -N,N-dimethylethanamine, NOLVADEX®, ISTUB AL® , VALODEX®), and doxorubicin (ADRIAMYCIN®), Akti-1 / 2, HPPD, and rapamycin.

[0103] More examples of chemotherapeutic agents include: oxaliplatin (ELOXATIN®, Sanofi), bortezomib (VELCADE®, Millennium Pharm.), sutent (SUNITINIB®, SU11248, Pfizer), letrozole (FEMARA®, Novartis), imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC®, Novartis), XL- 518 (Mek inhibitor, Exelixis, WO 2007 / 044515), ARRY-886 (Mek inhibitor, AZD6244, Array BioPharma, Astra Zeneca), SF-1126 (PI3K inhibitor, Semafore Pharmaceuticals), BEZ-235 (PI3K inhibitor, Novartis), XL-147 (PI3K inhibitor, Exelixis), PTK787 / ZK 222584 (Novartis), fulvestrant (FASLODEX®, AstraZeneca), leucovorin (folinic acid), rapamycin (sirolimus, RAPAMUNE®, Wyeth), lapatinib (TYKERB®, GSK572016, Glaxo Smith Kline), lonafarnib (SARASAR™, SCH 66336, Schering Plough), sorafenib (NEXAVAR®, BAY43-9006, Bayer Labs), gefitinib (IRESSA®, AstraZeneca), irinotecan (CAMPTOSAR®, CPT-11, Pfizer), tipifarnib (ZARNESTRA™, Johnson & Johnson), ABRAXANE™(Cremophor-free), albumin-engineered nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel (American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, II), vandetanib (rINN, ZD6474, ZACTIMA®,

[0104] AstraZeneca), chloranmbucil, AG1478, AG1571 (SU 5271; Sugen), temsirolimus

[0105] (TORISEL®, Wyeth), pazopanib (GlaxoSmithKline), canfosfamide (TELCYTA®, Telik), thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXAN®, NEOSAR®); alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine,

[0106] triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylomelamine; acetogenins (especially bullatacin and bullatacinone); a camptothecin (including the synthetic analog topotecan); bryostatin; callystatin; CC-1065 (including its adozelesin, carzelesin and bizelesin synthetic analogs); cryptophycins (particularly

[0107] cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8); dolastatin; duocarmycin (including the synthetic analogs, KW-2189 and CB1-TM1); eleutherobin; pancratistatin; a sarcodictyin; spongistatin; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, chlorophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan,

[0108] novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosoureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, and ranimnustine; antibiotics such as the enediyne antibiotics (e.g., calicheamicin, calicheamicin gammall, calicheamicin omegall (Angew Chem. Intl. Ed. Engl. (1994) 33: 183-186); dynemicin, dynemicin A;

[0109] bisphosphonates, such as clodronate; an esperamicin; as well as neocarzinostatin

[0110] chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antibiotic chromophores), aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L- norleucine, morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and deoxydoxorubicin), epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, nemorubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins such as mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins,

[0111] peplomycin, porfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5- fluorouracil (5-FU); folic acid analogs such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine; androgens such as calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid;aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; eniluracil; amsacrine;

[0112] bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elfornithine;

[0113] elliptinium acetate; an epothilone; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea; lentinan;

[0114] lonidainine; maytansinoids such as maytansine and ansamitocins; mitoguazone;

[0115] mitoxantrone; mopidanmol; nitraerine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; losoxantrone; podophyllinic acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK® polysaccharide complex (JHS Natural Products, Eugene, OR); razoxane; rhizoxin; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2,2',2"-trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (especially T-2 toxin, verracurin A, roridin A and anguidine); urethan; vindesine; dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine; arabinoside ("Ara-C"); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; etoposide (VP- 16); ifosfamide; mitoxantrone; vincristine;

[0116] vinorelbine (NAVELBINE®); novantrone; teniposide; edatrexate; daunomycin; aminopterin; capecitabine (XELODA®, Roche); ibandronate; CPT-11; topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylornithine (DMFO); retinoids such as retinoic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids and derivatives of any of the above.

[0117] Also included in the definition of "chemotherapeutic agent" are: (i) anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example, tamoxifen

[0118] (including NOLVADEX®; tamoxifen citrate), raloxifene, droloxifene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY117018, onapristone, and FARESTON® (toremifine citrate); (ii) aromatase inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example, 4(5)-imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, MEGASE® (megestrol acetate), AROMASIN® (exemestane; Pfizer), formestanie, fadrozole, RIVISOR® (vorozole), FEMARA® (letrozole; Novartis), and ARIMIDEX® (anastrozole; AstraZeneca); (iii) anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, and goserelin; as well as troxacitabine (a 1 ,3-dioxolane nucleoside cytosine analog); (iv) protein kinase inhibitors such as MEK inhibitors (WO 2007 / 044515); (v) lipid kinase inhibitors; (vi) antisense oligonucleotides, particularly those which inhibit expression of genes in signaling pathways implicated in aberrant cell proliferation, for example, PKC-alpha, Raf and H-Ras, such as oblimersen (GENASENSE®, Genta Inc.); (vii) ribozymes such as VEGF expression inhibitors (e.g., ANGIOZYME®) and HER2 expression inhibitors; (viii) vaccines such as gene therapy vaccines, for example, ALLOVECTIN®, LEUVECTIN®, and VAXID®;

[0119] PROLEUKIN® rIL-2; topoisomerase 1 inhibitors such as LURTOTECAN®; ABARELIX®rmRH; (ix) anti-angiogenic agents such as bevacizumab (AVASTIN®, Genentech); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids and derivatives of any of the above.

[0120] Also included in the definition of "chemotherapeutic agent" are therapeutic antibodies such as alemtuzumab (Campath), bevacizumab (AVASTIN®, Genentech); cetuximab (ERBITUX®, Imclone); panitumumab (VECTIBIX®, Amgen), rituximab (RITUXAN®, Genentech / Biogen Idee), pertuzumab (OMNITARG™, 2C4, Genentech), trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN®, Genentech), tositumomab (Bexxar, Corixia), and the antibody drug conjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (MYLOTARG®, Wyeth).

[0121] Humanized monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential as chemotherapeutic agents in combination with the Btk inhibitors of the invention include: alemtuzumab, apolizumab, aselizumab, atlizumab, bapineuzumab, bevacizumab, bivatuzumab mertansine, cantuzumab mertansine, cedelizumab, certolizumab pegol, cidfusituzumab, cidtuzumab, daclizumab, eculizumab, efalizumab, epratuzumab, erlizumab, felvizumab, fontolizumab, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, inotuzumab ozogamicin, ipilimumab, labetuzumab, lintuzumab, matuzumab, mepolizumab, motavizumab, motovizumab, natalizumab, nimotuzumab, nolovizumab, numavizumab, ocrelizumab, omalizumab, palivizumab, pascolizumab, pecfusituzumab, pectuzumab, pertuzumab, pexelizumab, ralivizumab, ranibizumab, reslivizumab, reslizumab, resyvizumab, rovelizumab, ruplizumab, sibrotuzumab, siplizumab, sontuzumab, tacatuzumab tetraxetan, tadocizumab, talizumab, tefibazumab, tocilizumab, toralizumab, trastuzumab, tucotuzumab celmoleukin, tucusituzumab, umavizumab, urtoxazumab, and visilizumab.

[0122] A "metabolite" is a product produced through metabolism in the body of a specified compound or salt thereof. Metabolites of a compound may be identified using routine techniques known in the art and their activities determined using tests such as those described herein. Such products may result for example from the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, deamidation, esterification, deesterification, enzymatic cleavage, and the like, of the administered compound. Accordingly, the invention includes metabolites of compounds of the invention, including compounds produced by a process comprising contacting a Formula I compound of this invention with a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof.

[0123] The term "package insert" is used to refer to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, contraindications and / or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products.The term "chiral" refers to molecules which have the property of non- superimposability of the mirror image partner, while the term "achiral" refers to molecules which are superimposable on their mirror image partner.

[0124] The term "stereoisomers" refers to compounds which have identical chemical constitution, but differ with regard to the arrangement of the atoms or groups in space.

[0125] "Diastereomer" refers to a stereoisomer with two or more centers of chirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g. melting points, boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivities. Mixtures of diastereomers may separate under high resolution analytical procedures such as electrophoresis and chromatography.

[0126] "Enantiomers" refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non- superimposable mirror images of one another.

[0127] Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein generally follow S. P. Parker, Ed., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; and Eliel, E. and Wilen, S., "Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994. The compounds of the invention may contain asymmetric or chiral centers, and therefore exist in different stereoisomeric forms. It is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of the invention, including but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers and atropisomers, as well as mixtures thereof such as racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention. Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. In describing an optically active compound, the prefixes D and L, or R and S, are used to denote the absolute configuration of the molecule about its chiral center(s). The prefixes d and 1 or (+) and (-) are employed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light by the compound, with (-) or 1 meaning that the compound is levorotatory. A compound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory. For a given chemical structure, these stereoisomers are identical except that they are mirror images of one another. A specific stereoisomer may also be referred to as an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an enantiomeric mixture. A 50:50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process. The terms "racemic mixture" and "racemate" refer to an equimolar mixture of two enantiomeric species, devoid of optical activity. Enantiomers may be separated from a racemic mixture by a chiral separation method, such as supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Assignment of configuration at chiral centers in separatedenantiomers may be tentative, and depicted in Table 1 structures for illustrative purposes, while stereochemical determination awaits, such as x-ray crystallographic data.

[0128] The term "tautomer" or "tautomeric form" refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. For example, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol and imine-enamine isomerizations. Valence tautomers include

[0129] interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons.

[0130] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" denotes salts which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include both acid and base addition salts. The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" indicates that the substance or composition must be compatible chemically and / or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and / or the mammal being treated therewith.

[0131] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt" denotes those

[0132] pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, and organic acids selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic, heterocyclic, carboxylic, and sulfonic classes of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, aspartic acid, ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, anthranilic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, embonic acid, phenylacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid "mesylate", ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and salicyclic acid.

[0133] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt" denotes those

[0134] pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed with an organic or inorganic base. Examples of acceptable inorganic bases include sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and aluminum salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic nontoxic bases includes salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, trimethamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N- ethylpiperidine, and polyamine resinsA "solvate" refers to an association or complex of one or more solvent molecules and a compound of the invention. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethylacetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.

[0135] The term "EC50" is the half maximal effective concentration" and denotes the plasma concentration of a particular compound required for obtaining 50% of the maximum of a particular effect in vivo.

[0136] The term "Ki" is the inhibition constant and denotes the absolute binding affinity of a particular inhibitor to a receptor. It is measured using competition binding assays and is equal to the concentration where the particular inhibitor would occupy 50% of the receptors if no competing ligand (e.g. a radioligand) was present. Ki values can be converted logarithmically to pKi values (-log Ki), in which higher values indicate exponentially greater potency.

[0137] The term "IC50" is the half maximal inhibitory concentration and denotes the concentration of a particular compound required for obtaining 50% inhibition of a biological process in vitro. IC50values can be converted logarithmically to pIC5o values (-log IC50), in which higher values indicate exponentially greater potency. The IC50value is not an absolute value but depends on experimental conditions e.g. concentrations employed, and can be converted to an absolute inhibition constant (Ki) using the Cheng-Prusoff equation (Biochem. Pharmacol. (1973) 22:3099). Other percent inhibition parameters, such as IC70, IC90, etc., may be calculated.

[0138] The terms "compound of this invention," and "compounds of the present invention" and "compounds of Formula I" include compounds of Formulas I and stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, solvates, metabolites, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

[0139] Any formula or structure given herein, including Formula I compounds, is also intended to represent hydrates, solvates, and polymorphs of such compounds, and mixtures thereof.

[0140] Any formula or structure given herein, including Formula I compounds, is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds. Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted by the formulas given herein except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, and chlorine, such as, but not limited to 2H (deuterium, D), 3H (tritium), 11C, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18F, 31P,32P, 35S, 36C1, and 1251. Various isotopically labeled compounds of the present invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3H, 13C, and 14C are incorporated. Such isotopically labelled compounds may be useful in metabolic studies, reaction kinetic studies, detection or imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients. Deuterium labelled or substituted therapeutic compounds of the invention may have improved DMPK (drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics) properties, relating to distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements. An 18F labeled compound may be useful for PET or SPECT studies. Isotopically labeled compounds of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and preparations described below by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes, particularly deuterium (i.e., 2H or D) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements or an improvement in therapeutic index. It is understood that deuterium in this context is regarded as a substituent in the compound of the formula (I). The concentration of such a heavier isotope, specifically deuterium, may be defined by an isotopic enrichment factor. In the compounds of this invention any atom not specifically designated as a particular isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom. Unless otherwise stated, when a position is designated specifically as "FT or "hydrogen", the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition. Accordingly, in the compounds of this invention any atom specifically designated as a deuterium (D) is meant to represent deuterium.

[0141] HETEROARYL PYRIDONE AND AZA-PYRIDONE COMPOUNDS

[0142] The present invention provides heteroaryl pyridone and aza-pyridone compounds of Formula I, including Formulas Ia-Ii, and pharmaceutical formulations thereof, which are potentially useful in the treatment of diseases, conditions and / or disorders modulated by Btk kinase:

[0143] including stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:

[0144] X1is CftV N;

[0145] X2is CR2or N;

[0146] X3is CR3or N;

[0147] 1 2 3

[0148] where one or two of X , X , and X are N;

[0149] R1, R2and R3are independently selected from H, F, CI, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N(CH3)2, - OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2OH, and Ci-C3alkyl;

[0150] R4is selected from H, F, CI, CN, -CH2OH, -CH(CH3)OH, -C(CH3)2OH, -

[0151] CH(CF3)OH, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CH2CHF2, -CF3, -C(0)NH2, -C(0)NHCH3, -C(0)N(CH3)2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N(CH3)2, -NHC(0)CH3, -OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2OH, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 1-hydroxycyclopropyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 3-hydroxy- oxetan-3-yl, oxetan-3-yl, and azetidin-l-yl;

[0152] R5is optionally substituted C6-C2o aryl, C3-Ci2carbocyclyl, C2-C20heterocyclyl,

[0153] Ci-C20heteroaryl, -(C6-C20aryl)-(C2-C20heterocyclyl), -(Ci-C20heteroaryl)-(C2-C20heterocyclyl), -(Ci-C20heteroaryl)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl), -(Ci-C20heteroaryl)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl)-(Ci-C6 alkyl), -(Ci-C20heteroaryl)-(Ci-C6 alkyl), -(C2- C2o heterocyclyl)-(Ci-C6 alkyl), -(C2-C20heterocyclyl)-(C3-Ci2carbocyclyl), -(Ci-C20heteroaryl)-(C3-Ci2carbocyclyl), or -(Ci-C20heteroaryl)-C(=0)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl);

[0154] R6is H, F, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2OH, -NH2, or -OH;

[0155] R7is selected from the structures:where the wavy line indicates the site of attachment; and

[0156] 1 2 1 2

[0157] Y and Y" are independently selected from CH and N, where Y and Y are not each

[0158] N;

[0159] where alkyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from F, CI, Br, I, -CN, -CH3, -CH2CH3, - CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH2OH, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OH, -C(CH3)2OH, - CH(OH)CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)2CH2OH, -CH2CH2S02CH3, -CH2OP(0)(OH)2, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2, -CH(CH3)CN, -C(CH3)2CN, -CH2CN, -C02H, -COCH3, - C02CH3, -C02C(CH3)3, -COCH(OH)CH3, -CONH2, -CONHCH3, -CON(CH3)2, - C(CH3)2CONH2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N(CH3)2, -NHCOCH3, -N(CH3)COCH3, -NHS(0)2CH3, -N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2, -N(CH3)CH2CH2S(0)2CH3, -N02, =0, -OH, -OCH3, - OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH2OH, -OCH2CH2N(CH3)2, -OP(0)(OH)2, - S(0)2N(CH3)2, -SCH3, -S(0)2CH3, -S(0)3H, cyclopropyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, 1- methylazetidin-3-yl)oxy, N-methyl-N-oxetan-3-yl amino, azetidin-l-ylmethyl, and

[0160] morpholino.

[0161] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include compounds of Formulas -c:

[0163] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds also include compounds of

[0164] Formulas Id-i:

[0166] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include wherein X is N, X is N,

[0167] 1 1 3 1 2 2 3

[0168] X1is N, X1and XJare N, X1and X are N, or X and XJare N, as shown in Formulas Ic-Ii.

[0169] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include wherein R5is optionally substituted C1-C20heteroaryl selected from pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, 5-methyl- 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2-yl, 5-acetyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5- a]pyrazin-2-yl, 6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5,l-c][l,4]oxazin-2-yl, and l-methyl-5-(5-(4- methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-yl.

[0170] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include wherein R5is -(C1-C20heteroaryl)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl) where heteroaryl is optionally substituted pyridinyl and heterocyclyl is optionally substituted piperazinyl.

[0171] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include wherein R5is phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from F, CI, -CH3, -S(0)2CH3, cyclopropyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, and morpholino.

[0172] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include wherein R5is selected from the structures:

[0174] 

[0176] where the wavy line indicates the site of attachment.

[0177] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include wherein R5is:

[0179] where R is selected from H, -CH3, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, - CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2, -CH(CH3)CN,-C(CH3)2CN, -CH2CN, -C(0)CH3, -C(0)CH2CH3, -C(0)CH(CH3)2, -NH2, -NHCH , - N(CH3)2, -OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2OH, cyclopropyl, and oxetanyl.

[0180] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include wherein R6is CH3.

[0181] 1 2

[0182] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include wherein Y is CH and Y is N, Y1is N and Y2is CH, Y1and Y2are each CH, or Y1and Y2are each CH and R6is CH3.

[0183] Exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds include the compounds in Tables 1 and 2.

[0184] The Formula I compounds of the invention may contain asymmetric or chiral centers, and therefore exist in different stereoisomeric forms. It is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of the invention, including but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers and atropisomers, as well as mixtures thereof such as racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention.

[0185] In addition, the present invention embraces all diastereomers, including cis-trans (geometric) and conformational isomers. For example, if a Formula I compound incorporates a double bond or a fused ring, the cis- and trans-forms, as well as mixtures thereof, are embraced within the scope of the invention.

[0186] In the structures shown herein, where the stereochemistry of any particular chiral atom is not specified, then all stereoisomers are contemplated and included as the compounds of the invention. Where stereochemistry is specified by a solid wedge or dashed line representing a particular configuration, then that stereoisomer is so specified and defined.

[0187] The compounds of the present invention may exist in unsolvated as well as solvated forms with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents such as water, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that the invention embrace both solvated and unsolvated forms.

[0188] The compounds of the present invention may also exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the invention. The term "tautomer" or "tautomeric form" refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. For example, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol and imine- enamine isomerizations. Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons.

[0189] BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

[0190] The relative efficacies of Formula I compounds as inhibitors of an enzyme activity (or other biological activity) can be established by determining the concentrations at which eachcompound inhibits the activity to a predefined extent and then comparing the results.

[0191] Typically, the preferred determination is the concentration that inhibits 50% of the activity in a biochemical assay, i.e., the 50% inhibitory concentration or "IC50". Determination of IC50values can be accomplished using conventional techniques known in the art. In general, an IC50can be determined by measuring the activity of a given enzyme in the presence of a range of concentrations of the inhibitor under study. The experimentally obtained values of enzyme activity then are plotted against the inhibitor concentrations used. The concentration of the inhibitor that shows 50% enzyme activity (as compared to the activity in the absence of any inhibitor) is taken as the IC50value. Analogously, other inhibitory concentrations can be defined through appropriate determinations of activity. For example, in some settings it can be desirable to establish a 90%> inhibitory concentration, i.e., IC90, etc.

[0192] Formula I compounds were tested by a standard biochemical Btk Kinase Assay (Example 901).

[0193] A general procedure for a standard cellular Btk Kinase Assay that can be used to test Formula I compounds is a Ramos Cell Btk Assay (Example 902).

[0194] A standard cellular B-cell proliferation assay can be used to test Formula I

[0195] compounds with B-cells purified from spleen of Balb / c mice (Example 903).

[0196] A standard T cell proliferation assay can be used to test Formula I compounds with T- cells purified from spleen of Balb / c mice (Example 904).

[0197] A CD86 Inhibition assay can be conducted on Formula I compounds for the inhibition of B cell activity using total mouse splenocytes purified from spleens of 8-16 week old Balb / c mice (Example 905).

[0198] A B-ALL Cell Survival Assay can be conducted on Formula I compounds to measure the number of viable B-ALL cells in culture (Example 906).

[0199] A CD69 Whole Blood Assay can be conducted on Formula I compounds to determine the ability of compounds to inhibit the production of CD69 by B lymphocytes in human whole blood activated by crosslinking surface IgM with goat F(ab')2 anti-human IgM

[0200] (Example 907). CD69 is a type II C-type lectin involved in lymphocyte migration and cytokine secretion. CD69 expression represents one of the earliest available indicators of leukocyte activation and its rapid induction occurs through transcriptional activation

[0201] (Vazquez et al (2009) Jour, of Immunology Published October 19, 2009,

[0202] doi: 10.4049 / jimmunol.0900839). Concentration-dependent inhibition of antigen receptor stimulation by selective Btk inhibitors induces cell surface expression of the lymphocyte activation marker CD69 (Honigberg et al (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107(29): 13075-13080). Thus, CD69 inhibition by selective Btk inhibitors may be correlated with therapeutic efficacy of certain B-cell disorders. The CD69 Hu Blood FACS IC70 values are displayed for exemplary Formula I compounds in Tables 1 and 2.

[0203] The cytotoxic or cytostatic activity of Formula I exemplary compounds can be measured by: establishing a proliferating mammalian tumor cell line in a cell culture medium, adding a Formula I compound, culturing the cells for a period from about 6 hours to about 5 days; and measuring cell viability (Example 908). Cell-based in vitro assays are used to measure viability, i.e. proliferation (IC50), cytotoxicity (EC50), and induction of apoptosis (caspase activation) and may be useful in predicting clinical efficacy against hematological malignancies and solid tumors.

[0204] The in vitro potency of the combinations of Formula I compounds with

[0205] chemotherapeutic agents can be measured by the cell proliferation assay of Example 908; the CellTiter-Glo®Luminescent Cell Viability Assay, commercially available from Promega Corp., Madison, WI. This homogeneous assay method is based on the recombinant expression of Coleoptera luciferase (US 5583024; US 5674713; US 5700670) and

[0206] determines the number of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP present, an indicator of metabolically active cells (Crouch et al (1993) J. Immunol. Meth. 160:81-88; US 6602677). The CellTiter-Glo®Assay was conducted in 96 or 384 well format, making it amenable to automated high-throughput screening (HTS) (Cree et al (1995) Anticancer Drugs 6:398-404). The homogeneous assay procedure involves adding the single reagent (CellTiter-Glo®Reagent) directly to cells cultured in serum-supplemented medium. Cell washing, removal of medium and multiple pipetting steps are not required. The system detects as few as 15 cells / well in a 384-well format in 10 minutes after adding reagent and mixing.

[0207] The homogeneous "add-mix-measure" format results in cell lysis and generation of a luminescent signal proportional to the amount of ATP present. The amount of ATP is directly proportional to the number of cells present in culture. The CellTiter-Glo®Assay generates a "glow-type" luminescent signal, produced by the luciferase reaction, which has a half-life generally greater than five hours, depending on cell type and medium used. Viable cells are reflected in relative luminescence units (RLU). The substrate, Beetle Luciferin, is

[0208] oxidatively decarboxylated by recombinant firefly luciferase with concomitant conversion of ATP to AMP and generation of photons. The extended half- life eliminates the need to use reagent injectors and provides flexibility for continuous or batch mode processing of multiple plates. This cell proliferation assay can be used with various multiwell formats, e.g. 96 or384 well format. Data can be recorded by luminometer or CCD camera imaging device. The luminescence output is presented as relative light units (RLU), measured over time.

[0209] The anti-proliferative efficacy of Formula I exemplary compounds and combinations with chemotherapeutic agents are measured by the CellTiter-Glo®Assay (Example 908) against certain hematological tumor cell lines. EC50 values are established for the tested compounds and combinations.

[0210] Exemplary Formula I compounds in Tables 1 and 2 were made, characterized, and tested for inhibition of Btk according to the methods of this invention, and have the following structures and corresponding names (ChemDraw Ultra, Version 9.0.1, and ChemBioDraw, Version 11.0, CambridgeSoft Corp., Cambridge MA). Where more than one name is associated with a Formula I compound or intermediate, the chemical structure shall define the compound.

[0211] Table 1.

[0212] 2-[3 '-Hydro xymethyl- 1 - 554.64 0.0625 methyl-5-(5-methyl-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydro-pyrazolo[ 1 ,5- a] pyrazin-2 -yl amino) - 6 -oxo - 1 , 6 -dihydro - [ 3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl - 2'-yl]-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro- 2H-pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol-l -one

[0213] 1 2- (4-{6-[4-((R)-l,4-Dimethyl- 622.72 0.0802

[0214] 3- oxo-piperazin-2-yl)- phenyl amino ] -4 -methyl- 5 - oxo-4, 5-dihydro-pyrazin-2- yl}-3-hydroxymethyl-pyridin- 2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro- 2H-pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0215] O

[0216] 2-[3 '-Hydro xymethyl- 1 - 499.56 0.286 methyl-5-(5-methyl-lH- pyrazol-3-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6- dihydro - [3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl-2 '- yl]-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0217] 3 - {4-Hydro xymethyl- 1 '- 652.77 0.377 methyl-5'-[5-(4-oxetan-3-yl- piperazin- 1 -yl) -pyridin-2 - ylamino]-6'-oxo-l ',6'-dihydro- [3,3']bipyridinyl-5-yl}-6,7,8,9- tetrahydro-3H- benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3- d]pyridazin-4-one

[0218] 2-[3 '-Hydroxymethyl-5 -(5- 574.65 0.396 methane sulfonyl-pyridin-2 - ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo-l ,6- dihydro - [3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl -2 '- yl]-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -oneHN-M 2-[5-(5-Cyclopropyl-lH- 525.60 0.608 pyrazol-3 -ylamino)-3 '- hydro xymethyl- 1 -methyl-6- oxo-1, 6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl]- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-

[0219] 0 pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0220] 2-{3'-Hydroxymethyl-l - 650.77 0.0356 methyl-5-[5-((S)-2-methyl-4- oxetan-3 -yl-piperazin- 1 -yl) - pyridin-2-ylamino] -6-oxo- 1,6- dihydro - [3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl -2 '- yl}-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0221] 2-(3'-Hydroxymethyl-5-{5-[4- 652.79 0.283 (2 -hydro xy-2 -me thyl-propyl) - piperazin- 1 -yl] -pyridin-2 - ylamino } - 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6- dihydro - [3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl-2 '- yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0222] 2-{3'-Hydroxymethyl-l - 634.73 0.0323

[0223] N methyl-5-[5-(4-oxetan-3-yl- piperazin- 1 -yl) -pyridin-2 - ylamino] -6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl}-

[0224] , . N NH 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0225] 0

[0226] 2-{5-[5-((2S,5R)-2,5- 664.80 0.0127 Dimethyl-4-oxetan-3 -yl- piperazin- 1 -yl) -pyridin-2 - ylamino] -3 '-hydro xymethyl- 1 - methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl}- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one2-(5-{5-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)- 624.73 0.0331 piperazin- 1 -yl] -pyridin-2 - ylamino } -3 '-hydroxymethyl- 1 - methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0227] 3 - { 3 '-Hydroxymethyl- 1 - 652.77 0.0362 methyl-5-[5-(4-oxetan-3-yl- piperazin- 1 -yl) -pyridin-2 - ylamino] -6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl}- 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H- benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3- d]pyridazin-4-one

[0228] 2-[3 '-Hydroxymethyl- 1 - 596.68 0.0873 methyl-5-(5-oxetan-3-yl- 4,5,6,7 -tetrahydro - pyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3 ,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl] - 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0229] 2- {4-Hydroxymethyl- 1 '- 634.73 0.138 methyl-5'-[5-(4-oxetan-3-yl- piperazin- 1 -yl) -pyridin-2 - ylamino]-6'-oxo-l ',6'-dihydro- [3,3']bipyridinyl-5-yl}-6,7,8,9- tetrahydro-2H-pyrazino[ 1 ,2- a]indol-l-one

[0230] 2-[3 '-Hydroxymethyl- 1 - 580.68 0.141 methyl-6-oxo-5-(5-piperazin- 1 -yl-pyridin-2-ylamino)- 1,6- dihydro - [3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl-2 '- yl]-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one2-[5-(5-Cyclopropyl-4,5,6,7- 580.68 0.0918 tetrahydro-pyrazolo[ 1 ,5- a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-3'- hydro xymethyl- 1 -methyl-6- oxo-1, 6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl]- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0231] 0

[0232] 2-[5-(6,7-Dihydro-4H- 541.60 0.0917 pyrazolo[5, 1 -c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2- ylamino)-3 '-hydro xymethyl- 1 - methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl]- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0233] 2-{3'-Hydroxymethyl-l - 664.80 0.012 methyl-5-[5-((S)-2-methyl-4- oxetan-3 -yl-piperazin- 1 -yl) - pyridin-2-ylamino] -6-oxo- 1,6- dihydro - [3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl-2 '- yl}-7,7-dimethyl-3,4,7,8- tetrahydro-2H,6H- cyclopenta[4,5]pyrrolo[ 1 ,2- aJpyrazin-l-one

[0234] 2-{5-[5-((S)-2-Ethyl-4-oxetan- 664.80 0.0155 3 -yl -piperazin- 1 -yl) -pyridin-2 - ylamino] -3 '-hydro xymethyl- 1 - methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl}- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0235] 2-{4-[5-(6,7-Dihydro-4H- 542.59 0.263 pyrazolo[5, 1 -c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2- ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo-l ,6- dihydro-pyridazin-3 -yl] -3 - hydroxymethyl-pyridin-2-yl} - 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0236] 2-{3-Hydroxymethyl-4-[l- 555.63 0.227 methyl-5-(5-methyl-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydro-pyrazolo[ 1 ,5- a] pyrazin-2 -yl amino) - 6 -oxo - 1 , 6 -dihydro -pyridazin- 3 -yl] - pyridin-2-yl}-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydro-2H-pyrazino[ 1 ,2- a]indol-l-one

[0238] 10-Fluoro-2-{3'- 654.73 0.0944 hydroxymethyl- 1 -methyl-5-[5- (4-oxetan-3 -yl-piperazin- 1 - yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino] -6-oxo-

[0239] . N NH 1 , 6 -dihydro - [ 3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl - 2'-yl} -3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro- 2H-pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol-l -one

[0240] 0

[0241] 10-Fluoro-2-[3'- 572.63 0.107 hydroxymethyl- 1 -methyl-5-(5- methyl-4 , 5,6,7 -tetrahydro - pyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3 ,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl] - 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0242] 10-Fluoro-2-{3'- 668.76 0.030 hydroxymethyl- 1 -methyl-5-[5- (( S) -2 -methyl -4 -o xetan- 3 -yl- piperazin- 1 -yl) -pyridin-2 - ylamino] -6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro- [3,4']bipyridinyl-2'-yl}- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0243] 2-{3'-Hydroxymethyl-l - 650.77 0.0646 methyl-5-[5-((R)-2-methyl-4- oxetan-3 -yl-piperazin- 1 -yl) - pyridin-2-ylamino] -6-oxo- 1,6- dihydro - [3 , 4 '] bipyridinyl -2 '- yl}-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H- pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 -one

[0244] 0 N^^ cyclopenta[a] inden-7 -one

[0245] O a]pyrazin-l-one

[0247] aJpyrazin-l-one

[0249] 0 aJpyrazin-l-one

[0251] Table 2.

[0252] O 1-one248 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.0703 methyl-5-[[5-[(3R)-3- methylmo holine-4-carbonyl] - 2-pyridyl] amino] -6-oxo- pyridazin- 3 -yl] -2 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0253] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0254] 249 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.0177 methyl-5-[[5-[(3R)-3- methylmo holine-4-carbonyl] -

[0255] 2-pyridyl] amino] -6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-2-pyridyl]-7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0256] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0258] 250 2-[4-[5-[(5,6-dimethyl-6,7- 0.171 dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[ 1 ,5- a]pyrazin-2-yl)amino]-l -methyl- 6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -3- (hydroxymethyl)-2-pyridyl] - 3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1-one

[0259] 0

[0260] 251

[0261] 252 3-[4-[5-[(l-ethyl-5-methyl- 0.252 pyrazol-3 -yl)amino] - 1 -methyl-6- oxo-3 -pyridyl] -3 -

[0262] (hydroxymethyl)-2-pyridyl]-7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0263] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0265] 253 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[5-[[5- 0.0164

[0266] [(2S)-2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin- 1 -yl] -2 - pyridyl] amino] -6-oxo- 1 H-

[0267] NH pyridazin- 3 -yl] -2 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0268] NYN'NH[3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0269] O[

[0270] [3-[4-[5-[(5-cyclopropyl-2- 3.2 pyridyl)amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 3 -pyridyl] -3 -(hydro xyme thy 1) -2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2, 6, 8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0271] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0272] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 2.1 methyl-6-oxo-5-[[5-

[0273] (trifluoromethyl)-2- pyridyl] amino] -3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2, 6, 8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0274] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0275] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.0141 methyl-5-[[ 1 -methyl-5- (morpholine-4-carbonyl)pyrazol- 3 -yl] amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2, 6, 8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0276] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0277] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.718 methyl-5-[(5-methyl-2- pyridyl) amino] -6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-2-pyridyl]-7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0278] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0279] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.0174 methyl-5-[[5-[(2S)-2-methyl-4- (oxetan-3 -yl)piperazin- 1 -yl] -2- pyridyl] amino] -6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-2 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-6,8- dihydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] thieno [ 1 , 3 -d]pyridazin-4-one

[0280] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.143 methyl-5-[(5-methylisoxazol-3- yl)amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl] -7,7-dimethyl- 1 ,2,6, 8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0281] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0283] 0 [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.113 methyl- 5 - [ ( 1 -methylpyrazol- 3 - yl)amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0284] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0285] 0

[0286] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.843 methyl-5-[(5-methylisoxazol-3- yl)amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl]-6,7,8,9- tetrahydrobenzothiopheno[2,3- d]pyridazin-4-one

[0288] 3-[4-[5-[(l,5-dimethylpyrazol-3- 0.118 yl)amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2- pyridyl]-7,7-dimethyl-6,8- dihydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] thieno [ 1 , 3 -d]pyridazin-4-one

[0289] 0

[0290] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.0691 methyl-5-[(l-methyltriazol-4- yl)amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2, 6, 8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0291] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0292] 3-[4-[5-[(5-tert-butylisoxazol-3- 0.276 yl)amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0293] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0294] 3-[4-[5-[(5-ethylisoxazol-3- 0.134 yl)amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0295] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0296] 03 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 1.3 methyl-6-oxo-5-[[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3 - yl] amino] -3 -pyridyl] -2 -pyridyl] - 7,7-dimethyl-l,2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0297] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0298] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.0228 methyl-5-[[ 1 -methyl-5- [[methyl(oxetan-3 - yl)amino]methyl]pyrazol-3 - yl] amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0299] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0300] (S)-2-(3'-(hydroxymethyl)-5-((5- 0.0179 ( 1 -methoxyprop an-2 -yl) -4 , 5 , 6 , 7 - tetrahydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5- a]pyrazin-2-yl)amino)-l -methyl- 6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydro-[3 ,4'- bipyridin]-2'-yl)-7,7-dimethyl- 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-lH- cyclopenta[4,5]pyrrolo[ 1 ,2- a]pyrazin-l -one

[0301] 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[5-[[5- 0.04 (2 -me tho xy ethy 1) - 6 , 7 - dihy dro - 4H-pyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2- yl] amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-2 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-6,8- dihydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] thieno [ 1 , 3 -d]pyridazin-4-one

[0302] 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[5-[[5- 0.0832 (2 -me tho xy ethy 1) - 6 , 7 - dihy dro - 4H-pyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2- yl] amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo- pyridazin- 3 -yl] -2 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0303] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one3-[4-[5-[(5-cyclopropylisoxazol- 0.158

[0304] 3 -yl)amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2- pyridyl]-7, 7-dimethyl-l, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0305] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0306] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 5.6 methyl-5-[[5-methyl- 1 -(oxetan-

[0307] 3 -yl)pyrazol-3 -yl] amino] -6-oxo-

[0308] 3 -pyridyl] -2 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0309] 0 [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0310] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.0191 methyl- 5 - [ (5 -methyl- 6 -o xo -4 , 7 - dihydropyrazolo [1,5 -a]pyrazin- 2-yl)amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl] -7,7-dimethyl- 1 ,2,6, 8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0311] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0312] 3-[4-[5-[[5-(3-hydroxyazetidin- 0.0446

[0313] 1 -yl) -2 -pyridyl] amino] - 1 - methyl-6-oxo-3 -pyridyl] -3 -

[0314] (hydroxymethyl)-2-pyridyl]-7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0315] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0317] 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.015 methyl-5-[[ 1 -methyl-5- (pyrrolidine- 1 -carbonyl)pyrazol- 3 -yl] amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl] -7,7-dimethyl- 1 ,2,6, 8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0318] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0319] 0

[0320] 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[5-[[5- 0.0202

[0321] (methoxymethyl)- 1 -methyl - - pyrazol-3 -yl] amino] - 1 -methyl-6- oxo-3 -pyridyl] -2 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8-

[0322] > / HN tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0323] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0324] 0-

[0325] 328 3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[5-[[5- 0.0124

[0326] (2 -me tho xy ethy 1) - 6 , 7 - dihy dro - 4H-pyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2- yl] amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo-3 - pyridyl] -3 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0327] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0328] 329 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[5-[[5- 0.11

[0329] (2 -me tho xy ethy 1) - 6 , 7 - dihy dro - 4H-pyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2- yl] amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo-3 - pyridyl]-4-pyridyl]-7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0330] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0331] 330 3-[4-[5-[(6,6-dimethyl-4,7- 0.235 dihydropyrazolo[5, 1 - c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2-yl)amino] - 1 - methyl-6-oxo-pyridazin-3 -yl] -3 -

[0332] (hydroxymethyl)-2-pyridyl]-7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] thieno [ l,3-c]pyridin-4-one

[0333] 331 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[4- methyl-6-[(3-methylisothiazol-5- yl)amino] -5 -oxo-pyrazin-2-yl] - 2-pyridyl] -7,7-dimethyl-l ,2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0334] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0335] 332 3-[4-[5-[(5-ethyl-l,3,4- 0.0919 thiadiazol-2-yl)amino]-l - methyl-6-oxo-3 -pyridyl] -3 -

[0336] (hydroxymethyl)-2-pyridyl]-7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0337] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0338] 333 3 -[3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-[ 1 - 0.209 methyl-5-[(l-methyltriazol-4- yl)amino] -6-0X0-3 -pyridyl] -2- pyridyl]-7,7-dimethyl-l, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] thieno [ l,3-c]pyridin-4-one

[0339] 339 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[5-[[5- 0.0535

[0340] [4-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin- 1 - yl]-2-pyridyl]amino]-l -methyl-

[0341] 6-oxo-3-pyridyl]-2-pyridyl]-7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0342] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0343] 340 3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[5-[[5- 0.0207

[0344] [(2S)-4-(2-methoxyethyl)-2- methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl] -2- pyridyl] amino] - 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 3 -pyridyl] -2 -pyridyl] -7,7- dimethyl-1, 2,6,8- tetrahydro cyclopenta[ 3 , 4 ] pyrrolo

[0345] [3,5-b]pyrazin-4-one

[0346] ADMINISTRATION OF FORMULA I COMPOUNDS

[0347] The compounds of the invention may be administered by any route appropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routes include oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraarterial, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), transdermal, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal, intraperitoneal,

[0348] intrapulmonary and intranasal. For local immunosuppressive treatment, the compounds may be administered by intralesional administration, including perfusing or otherwise contacting the graft with the inhibitor before transplantation. It will be appreciated that the preferred route may vary with for example the condition of the recipient. Where the compound is administered orally, it may be formulated as a pill, capsule, tablet, etc. with a

[0349] pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Where the compound is administered parenterally, it may be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable parenteral vehicle and in a unit dosage injectable form, as detailed below.

[0350] A dose to treat human patients may range from about 10 mg to about 1000 mg of Formula I compound. A typical dose may be about 100 mg to about 300 mg of the compound. A dose may be administered once a day (QID), twice per day (BID), or more frequently, depending on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the particular compound. In addition, toxicity factors may influence the dosage and administration regimen. When administeredorally, the pill, capsule, or tablet may be ingested daily or less frequently for a specified period of time. The regimen may be repeated for a number of cycles of therapy.

[0351] METHODS OF TREATMENT WITH FORMULA I COMPOUNDS

[0352] Formula I compounds of the present invention are useful for treating a human or animal patient suffering from a disease or disorder arising from abnormal cell growth, function or behavior associated with Btk kinase such as an immune disorder, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, a metabolism / endocrine disorder or a neurological disorder, may thus be treated by a method comprising the administration thereto of a compound of the present invention as defined above. A human or animal patient suffering from cancer may also be treated by a method comprising the administration thereto of a compound of the present invention as defined above. The condition of the patient may thereby be improved or ameliorated.

[0353] Formula I compounds may be useful for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, organisms, or associated pathological conditions, such as systemic and local inflammation, immune-inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, immune suppression, organ transplant rejection, allergies, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, dermatitis, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's Syndrome, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma / systemic sclerosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) vasculitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), psoriasis, and for general joint protective effects.

[0354] Methods of the invention also include treating such diseases as arthritic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, monoarticular arthritis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis, spondylitis; Behcet disease; sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, gram positive sepsis, and toxic shock syndrome; multiple organ injury syndrome secondary to septicemia, trauma, or hemorrhage; ophthalmic disorders such as allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, uveitis, and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy; eosinophilic granuloma;

[0355] pulmonary or respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, ARDS, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), silicosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, pleurisy, alveolitis, vasculitis, emphysema, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary oxygen toxicity; reperfusion injury of the myocardium, brain, or extremities; fibrosis such as cystic fibrosis; keloid formation or scar tissue formation; atherosclerosis; autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, some forms of diabetes, and Reynaud'ssyndrome; and transplant rejection disorders such as GVHD and allograft rejection; chronic glomerulonephritis; inflammatory bowel diseases such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis;

[0356] inflammatory dermatoses such as contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or urticaria; fever and myalgias due to infection; central or peripheral nervous system inflammatory disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, and brain or spinal cord injury due to minor trauma; Sjogren's syndrome; diseases involving leukocyte diapedesis; alcoholic hepatitis; bacterial pneumonia; antigen-antibody complex mediated diseases; hypovolemic shock; Type I diabetes mellitus; acute and delayed hypersensitivity; disease states due to leukocyte dyscrasia and metastasis; thermal injury; granulocyte transfusion-associated syndromes; and cytokine-induced toxicity.

[0357] Methods of the invention also include treating cancer selected from breast, ovary, cervix, prostate, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus, larynx, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, stomach, skin, keratoacanthoma, lung, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, non- small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), small cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, bone, colon, adenoma, pancreas, adenocarcinoma, thyroid, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, seminoma, melanoma, sarcoma, bladder carcinoma, liver carcinoma and biliary passages, kidney carcinoma, pancreatic, myeloid disorders, lymphoma, hairy cells, buccal cavity, naso-pharyngeal, pharynx, lip, tongue, mouth, small intestine, colon-rectum, large intestine, rectum, brain and central nervous system, Hodgkin's, leukemia, bronchus, thyroid, liver and intrahepatic bile duct, hepatocellular, gastric,

[0358] glioma / glioblastoma, endometrial, melanoma, kidney and renal pelvis, urinary bladder, uterine corpus, uterine cervix, multiple myeloma, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), myeloid leukemia, oral cavity and pharynx, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, and villous colon adenoma.

[0359] The methods of the invention can have utility in treating subjects who are or can be subject to reperfusion injury, i.e., injury resulting from situations in which a tissue or organ experiences a period of ischemia followed by reperfusion. The term "ischemia" refers to localized tissue anemia due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood. Transient ischemia followed by reperfusion characteristically results in neutrophil activation and transmigration through the endothelium of the blood vessels in the affected area. Accumulation of activated neutrophils in turn results in generation of reactive oxygen metabolites, which damage components of the involved tissue or organ. This phenomenon of "reperfusion injury" iscommonly associated with conditions such as vascular stroke (including global and focal ischemia), hemorrhagic shock, myocardial ischemia or infarction, organ transplantation, and cerebral vasospasm. To illustrate, reperfusion injury occurs at the termination of cardiac bypass procedures or during cardiac arrest when the heart, once prevented from receiving blood, begins to reperfuse. It is expected that inhibition of Btk activity may result in reduced amounts of reperfusion injury in such situations.

[0360] PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

[0361] In order to use a compound of this invention for the therapeutic treatment of mammals including humans, it is normally formulated in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition. According to this aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of this invention in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

[0362] A typical formulation is prepared by mixing a compound of the present invention and a carrier, diluent or excipient. Suitable carriers, diluents and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and include materials such as carbohydrates, waxes, water soluble and / or swellable polymers, hydrophilic or hydrophobic materials, gelatin, oils, solvents, water and the like. The particular carrier, diluent or excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which the compound of the present invention is being applied.

[0363] Solvents are generally selected based on solvents recognized by persons skilled in the art as safe (GRAS) to be administered to a mammal. In general, safe solvents are non-toxic aqueous solvents such as water and other non-toxic solvents that are soluble or miscible in water. Suitable aqueous solvents include water, ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols (e.g., PEG 400, PEG 300), etc. and mixtures thereof. The formulations may also include one or more buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present invention or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament).

[0364] The formulations may be prepared using conventional dissolution and mixing procedures. For example, the bulk drug substance (i.e., compound of the present invention or stabilized form of the compound (e.g., complex with a cyclodextrin derivative or other known complexation agent) is dissolved in a suitable solvent in the presence of one or more of theexcipients described above. The compound of the present invention is typically formulated into pharmaceutical dosage forms to provide an easily controllable dosage of the drug and to enable patient compliance with the prescribed regimen.

[0365] The pharmaceutical composition (or formulation) for application may be packaged in a variety of ways depending upon the method used for administering the drug. Generally, an article for distribution includes a container having deposited therein the pharmaceutical formulation in an appropriate form. Suitable containers are well known to those skilled in the art and include materials such as bottles (plastic and glass), sachets, ampoules, plastic bags, metal cylinders, and the like. The container may also include a tamper-proof assemblage to prevent indiscreet access to the contents of the package. In addition, the container has deposited thereon a label that describes the contents of the container. The label may also include appropriate warnings.

[0366] Pharmaceutical formulations of the compounds of the present invention may be prepared for various routes and types of administration. For example, a compound of Formula I having the desired degree of purity may optionally be mixed with pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, carriers, excipients or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1980) 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed.), in the form of a lyophilized formulation, milled powder, or an aqueous solution. Formulation may be conducted by mixing at ambient temperature at the appropriate pH, and at the desired degree of purity, with physiologically acceptable carriers, i.e., carriers that are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed. The pH of the formulation depends mainly on the particular use and the concentration of compound, but may range from about 3 to about 8. Formulation in an acetate buffer at pH 5 is a suitable embodiment.

[0367] The compound ordinarily can be stored as a solid composition, a lyophilized formulation or as an aqueous solution.

[0368] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention will be formulated, dosed and administered in a fashion, i.e., amounts, concentrations, schedules, course, vehicles and route of administration, consistent with good medical practice. Factors for consideration in this context include the particular disorder being treated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition of the individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of delivery of the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to medical practitioners. The "therapeutically effective amount" of the compound to be administered will be governed by such considerations, and is the minimum amount necessary to ameliorate, or treat the hyperproliferative disorder.As a general proposition, the initial pharmaceutically effective amount of the inhibitor administered parenterally per dose will be in the range of about 0.01-100 mg / kg, namely about 0.1 to 20 mg / kg of patient body weight per day, with the typical initial range of compound used being 0.3 to 15 mg / kg / day.

[0369] Acceptable diluents, carriers, excipients and stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride; hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben; catechol; resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium; metal complexes (e.g., Zn-protein complexes); and / or non-ionic surfactants such as TWEEN™, PLURONICS™ or polyethylene glycol (PEG). The active pharmaceutical ingredients may also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacial polymerization, for example,

[0370] hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly-(methylmethacylate)

[0371] microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles and nanocapsules) or in

[0372] macroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980).

[0373] Sustained-release preparations of compounds of Formula I may be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing a compound of Formula I, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g., films, or microcapsules. Examples of sustained-release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate), or poly( vinyl alcohol)), polylactides (US 3773919), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma-ethyl-L- glutamate, non-degradable ethylene-vinyl acetate, degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers such as the LUPRON DEPOT™ (injectable microspheres composed of lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and leuprolide acetate) and poly-D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid.The formulations include those suitable for the administration routes detailed herein. The formulations may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Techniques and formulations generally are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA). Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product.

[0374] Formulations of a compound of Formula I suitable for oral administration may be prepared as discrete units such as pills, capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of Formula I. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, preservative, surface active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered active ingredient moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets may optionally be coated or scored and optionally are formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therefrom. Tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, e.g., gelatin capsules, syrups or elixirs may be prepared for oral use. Formulations of compounds of Formula I intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents including sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents, in order to provide a palatable preparation. Tablets containing the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which are suitable for manufacture of tablets are acceptable. These excipients may be, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch, or alginic acid;

[0375] binding agents, such as starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets may be uncoated or may be coated by known techniques including microencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax may be employed.For treatment of the eye or other external tissues, e.g., mouth and skin, the

[0376] formulations are preferably applied as a topical ointment or cream containing the active ingredient(s) in an amount of, for example, 0.075 to 20% w / w. When formulated in an ointment, the active ingredients may be employed with either a paraffinic or a water-miscible ointment base. Alternatively, the active ingredients may be formulated in a cream with an oil-in-water cream base. If desired, the aqueous phase of the cream base may include a polyhydric alcohol, i.e., an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups such as propylene glycol, butane 1,3-diol, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol (including PEG 400) and mixtures thereof. The topical formulations may desirably include a compound which enhances absorption or penetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affected areas. Examples of such dermal penetration enhancers include dimethyl sulfoxide and related analogs. The oily phase of the emulsions of this invention may be constituted from known ingredients in a known manner. While the phase may comprise merely an emulsifier, it desirably comprises a mixture of at least one emulsifier with a fat or an oil or with both a fat and an oil. Preferably, a hydrophilic emulsifier is included together with a lipophilic emulsifier which acts as a stabilizer. It is also preferred to include both an oil and a fat. Together, the emulsifier(s) with or without stabilizer(s) make up the so-called emulsifying wax, and the wax together with the oil and fat make up the so-called emulsifying ointment base which forms the oily dispersed phase of the cream formulations. Emulsifiers and emulsion stabilizers suitable for use in the formulation of the invention include Tween® 60, Span® 80, cetostearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, glyceryl mono-stearate and sodium lauryl sulfate.

[0377] Aqueous suspensions of Formula I compounds contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Such excipients include a suspending agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose,

[0378] croscarmellose, povidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia, and dispersing or wetting agents such as a naturally occurring phosphatide (e.g., lecithin), a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid (e.g., polyoxyethylene stearate), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol (e.g., heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and a hexitol anhydride (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate). The aqueous suspension may also contain one or more preservatives such as ethyl or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or morecoloring agents, one or more flavoring agents and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.

[0379] The pharmaceutical compositions of compounds of Formula I may be in the form of a sterile injectable preparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution in 1,3-butanediol or prepared as a lyophilized powder. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile fixed oils may conventionally be employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid may likewise be used in the preparation of injectables.

[0380] The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. For example, a time-release formulation intended for oral administration to humans may contain approximately 1 to 1000 mg of active material compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which may vary from about 5 to about 95% of the total compositions (weigh weight). The pharmaceutical composition can be prepared to provide easily measurable amounts for administration. For example, an aqueous solution intended for intravenous infusion may contain from about 3 to 500 μg of the active ingredient per milliliter of solution in order that infusion of a suitable volume at a rate of about 30 mL / hr can occur.

[0381] Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.

[0382] Formulations suitable for topical administration to the eye also include eye drops wherein the active ingredient is dissolved or suspended in a suitable carrier, especially an aqueous solvent for the active ingredient. The active ingredient is preferably present in such formulations in a concentration of about 0.5 to 20% w / w, for example about 0.5 to 10% w / w, for example about 1.5% w / w.Formulations suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.

[0383] Formulations for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising for example cocoa butter or a salicylate.

[0384] Formulations suitable for intrapulmonary or nasal administration have a particle size for example in the range of 0.1 to 500 microns (including particle sizes in a range between 0.1 and 500 microns in increments microns such as 0.5, 1, 30 microns, 35 microns, etc.), which is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage or by inhalation through the mouth so as to reach the alveolar sacs. Suitable formulations include aqueous or oily solutions of the active ingredient. Formulations suitable for aerosol or dry powder administration may be prepared according to conventional methods and may be delivered with other therapeutic agents such as compounds heretofore used in the treatment or prophylaxis disorders as described below.

[0385] Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.

[0386] The formulations may be packaged in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water, for injection immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions are prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described. Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a daily dose or unit daily sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of the active ingredient.

[0387] The invention further provides veterinary compositions comprising at least one active ingredient as above defined together with a veterinary carrier therefore. Veterinary carriers are materials useful for the purpose of administering the composition and may be solid, liquid or gaseous materials which are otherwise inert or acceptable in the veterinary art and are compatible with the active ingredient. These veterinary compositions may be administered parenterally, orally or by any other desired route.

[0388] COMBINATION THERAPYThe compounds of Formula I may be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of a disease or disorder described herein, such as inflammation or a hyperproliferative disorder (e.g., cancer). In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula I is combined in a pharmaceutical combination formulation, or dosing regimen as combination therapy, with an additional, second therapeutic compound that has anti-inflammatory or anti -hyperproliferative properties or that is useful for treating an inflammation, immune-response disorder, or hyperproliferative disorder (e.g., cancer). The additional therapeutic may be an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulatory agent, chemotherapeutic agent, an apoptosis-enhancer, a neurotropic factor, an agent for treating cardiovascular disease, an agent for treating liver disease, an anti-viral agent, an agent for treating blood disorders, an agent for treating diabetes, and an agent for treating

[0389] immunodeficiency disorders. The second therapeutic agent may be an NSAID antiinflammatory agent. The second therapeutic agent may be a chemotherapeutic agent. The second compound of the pharmaceutical combination formulation or dosing regimen preferably has complementary activities to the compound of Formula I such that they do not adversely affect each other. Such compounds are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended. In one embodiment, a composition of this invention comprises a compound of Formula I, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, solvate, metabolite, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, in combination with a therapeutic agent such as an NSAID.

[0390] The combination therapy may be administered as a simultaneous or sequential regimen. When administered sequentially, the combination may be administered in two or more administrations. The combined administration includes coadministration, using separate formulations or a single pharmaceutical formulation, and consecutive administration in either order, wherein preferably there is a time period while both (or all) active agents simultaneously exert their biological activities.

[0391] Suitable dosages for any of the above coadministered agents are those presently used and may be lowered due to the combined action (synergy) of the newly identified agent and other therapeutic agents or treatments.

[0392] The combination therapy may provide "synergy" and prove "synergistic", i.e., the effect achieved when the active ingredients used together is greater than the sum of the effects that results from using the compounds separately. A synergistic effect may be attained when the active ingredients are: (1) co-formulated and administered or delivered simultaneously in a combined, unit dosage formulation; (2) delivered by alternation or inparallel as separate formulations; or (3) by some other regimen. When delivered in alternation therapy, a synergistic effect may be attained when the compounds are

[0393] administered or delivered sequentially, e.g., by different injections in separate syringes, separate pills or capsules, or separate infusions. In general, during alternation therapy, an effective dosage of each active ingredient is administered sequentially, i.e., serially, whereas in combination therapy, effective dosages of two or more active ingredients are administered together.

[0394] In a particular embodiment of therapy, a compound of Formula I, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, solvate, metabolite, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, may be combined with other therapeutic, hormonal or antibody agents such as those described herein, as well as combined with surgical therapy and radiotherapy. Combination therapies according to the present invention thus comprise the administration of at least one compound of Formula I, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, solvate, metabolite, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, and the use of at least one other cancer treatment method. The amounts of the compound(s) of Formula I and the other pharmaceutically active therapeutic agent(s) and the relative timings of administration will be selected in order to achieve the desired combined therapeutic effect.

[0395] METABOLITES OF COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA I

[0396] Also falling within the scope of this invention are the in vivo metabolic products of Formula I described herein. Such products may result for example from the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, deamidation, esterification, deesterification, enzymatic cleavage, and the like, of the administered compound. Accordingly, the invention includes metabolites of compounds of Formula I, including compounds produced by a process comprising contacting a compound of this invention with a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof.

[0397] Metabolite products typically are identified by preparing a radiolabeled (e.g.,14C or H) isotope of a compound of the invention, administering it parenterally in a detectable dose (e.g., greater than about 0.5 mg / kg) to an animal such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to man, allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur (typically about 30 seconds to 30 hours) and isolating its conversion products from the urine, blood or other biological samples. These products are easily isolated since they are labeled (others are isolated by the use of antibodies capable of binding epitopes surviving in the metabolite). The metabolite structures are determined in conventional fashion, e.g., by MS, LC / MS or NMR analysis. Ingeneral, analysis of metabolites is done in the same way as conventional drug metabolism studies well known to those skilled in the art. The metabolite products, so long as they are not otherwise found in vivo, are useful in diagnostic assays for therapeutic dosing of the compounds of the invention. ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE

[0398] In another embodiment of the invention, an article of manufacture, or "kit", containing materials useful for the treatment of the diseases and disorders described above is provided. In one embodiment, the kit comprises a container comprising a compound of Formula I, or a stereoisomer, tautomer, solvate, metabolite, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof. The kit may further comprise a label or package insert on or associated with the container. The term "package insert" is used to refer to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, contraindications and / or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products. Suitable containers include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, blister pack, etc. The container may be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or plastic. The container may hold a compound of Formula I or a formulation thereof which is effective for treating the condition and may have a sterile access port (for example, the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle). At least one active agent in the composition is a compound of Formula I. The label or package insert indicates that the composition is used for treating the condition of choice, such as cancer. In addition, the label or package insert may indicate that the patient to be treated is one having a disorder such as a hyperproliferative disorder, neurodegeneration, cardiac hypertrophy, pain, migraine or a neurotraumatic disease or event. In one embodiment, the label or package inserts indicates that the composition comprising a compound of

[0399] Formula I can be used to treat a disorder resulting from abnormal cell growth. The label or package insert may also indicate that the composition can be used to treat other disorders. Alternatively, or additionally, the article of manufacture may further comprise a second container comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution and dextrose solution. It may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and syringes.

[0400] The kit may further comprise directions for the administration of the compound of Formula I and, if present, the second pharmaceutical formulation. For example, if the kitcomprises a first composition comprising a compound of Formula I and a second pharmaceutical formulation, the kit may further comprise directions for the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of the first and second pharmaceutical compositions to a patient in need thereof.

[0401] In another embodiment, the kits are suitable for the delivery of solid oral forms of a compound of Formula I, such as tablets or capsules. Such a kit preferably includes a number of unit dosages. Such kits can include a card having the dosages oriented in the order of their intended use. An example of such a kit is a "blister pack". Blister packs are well known in the packaging industry and are widely used for packaging pharmaceutical unit dosage forms. If desired, a memory aid can be provided, for example in the form of numbers, letters, or other markings or with a calendar insert, designating the days in the treatment schedule in which the dosages can be administered.

[0402] According to one embodiment, a kit may comprise (a) a first container with a compound of Formula I contained therein; and optionally (b) a second container with a second pharmaceutical formulation contained therein, wherein the second pharmaceutical formulation comprises a second compound with anti-hyperproliferative activity.

[0403] Alternatively, or additionally, the kit may further comprise a third container comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable buffer, such as bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI), phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution and dextrose solution. It may further include other materials desirable from a commercial and user standpoint, including other buffers, diluents, filters, needles, and syringes.

[0404] In certain other embodiments wherein the kit comprises a composition of Formula I and a second therapeutic agent, the kit may comprise a container for containing the separate compositions such as a divided bottle or a divided foil packet, however, the separate compositions may also be contained within a single, undivided container. Typically, the kit comprises directions for the administration of the separate components. The kit form is particularly advantageous when the separate components are preferably administered in different dosage forms (e.g., oral and parenteral), are administered at different dosage intervals, or when titration of the individual components of the combination is desired by the prescribing physician.

[0405] PREPARATION OF FORMULA I COMPOUNDS

[0406] Compounds of Formula I may be synthesized by synthetic routes that include processes analogous to those well-known in the chemical arts, particularly in light of thedescription contained herein, and those for other heterocycles described in: Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, Editors Katritzky and Rees, Elsevier, 1997, e.g. Volume 3;

[0407] Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, (9): 1910-16, (1985); Helvetica Chimica Acta, 41 : 1052-60, (1958); Arzneimittel-Forschung, 40(12): 1328-31, (1990), each of which are expressly incorporated by reference. Starting materials are generally available from commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemicals (Milwaukee, WI) or are readily prepared using methods well known to those skilled in the art (e.g., prepared by methods generally described in Louis F. Fieser and Mary Fieser, Reagents for Organic Synthesis, v. 1-23, Wiley, N.Y. (1967-2006 ed.), or Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie, 4, Aufl. ed. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, including supplements (also available via the Beilstein online database).

[0408] Synthetic chemistry transformations and protecting group methodologies (protection and deprotection) useful in synthesizing Formula I compounds and necessary reagents and intermediates are known in the art and include, for example, those described in R. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers (1989); T. W. Greene and P. G .M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rdEd., John Wiley and Sons (1999); and L. Paquette, ed., Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons (1995) and subsequent editions thereof.

[0409] Compounds of Formula I may be prepared singly or as compound libraries comprising at least 2, for example 5 to 1,000 compounds, or 10 to 100 compounds. Libraries of compounds of Formula I may be prepared by a combinatorial 'split and mix' approach or by multiple parallel syntheses using either solution phase or solid phase chemistry, by procedures known to those skilled in the art. Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound library comprising at least 2 compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

[0410] The Figures and Examples provide exemplary methods for preparing Formula I compounds. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other synthetic routes may be used to synthesize the Formula I compounds. Although specific starting materials and reagents are depicted and discussed in the Figures and Examples, other starting materials and reagents can be easily substituted to provide a variety of derivatives and / or reaction conditions. In addition, many of the exemplary compounds prepared by the described methods can be further modified in light of this disclosure using conventional chemistry well known to those skilled in the art.

[0411] In preparing compounds of Formulas I, protection of remote functionality (e.g., primary or secondary amine) of intermediates may be necessary. The need for suchprotection will vary depending on the nature of the remote functionality and the conditions of the preparation methods. Suitable amino-protecting groups include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, t- butoxycarbonyl (BOC), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBz) and 9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). The need for such protection is readily determined by one skilled in the art. For a general description of protecting groups and their use, see T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991.

[0412] Experimental procedures, intermediates and reagents useful for useful for the preparation of Formula I compounds may be found in US Ser. No. 13 / 102720, "PYRIDONE AND AZ A-P YRID ONE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE", filed 6 May 2011, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0413] Figures 1-24 describe the synthesis of exemplary embodiments of Formula I compounds 101-124, more fully described in Examples 101-124, and may be useful for the preparation of other Formula I compounds.

[0414] GENERAL PREPARATIVE PROCEDURES

[0415] General Procedure: Suzuki Coupling

[0417] A-3

[0418] The Suzuki-type coupling reaction is useful to form carbon-carbon bonds to attach the rings of Formula I compounds and intermediates such as A-3 (Suzuki (1991) Pure Appl.Chem. 63:419-422; Miyaura and Suzuki (1979) Chem. Reviews 95(7):2457-2483; Suzuki (1999) J. Organometal. Chem. 576: 147-168). Suzuki coupling is a palladium mediated cross coupling reaction of a heteroarylhalide, such as B-2 or B-4, with a boronic acid such as A-l or A-2. For example, B-2 may be combined with about 1.5 equivalents of 4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'- octamethyl-2,2'-bi(l,3,2-dioxaborolane), and dissolved in about 3 equivalents of sodium carbonate as a 1 molar solution in water and an equal volume of acetonitrile. A catalytic amount, or more, of a low valent palladium reagent, such as

[0419] bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, is added. In some cases potassium acetate is used in place of sodium carbonate to adjust the pH of the aqueous layer. The reaction is then heated to about 140-150 °C under pressure in a microwave reactor (Biotage AB, Uppsala, Sweden) for 10 to 30 minutes. The contents are extracted with ethyl acetate, or another organic solvent. After evaporation of the organic layer the boron ester A-l may be purified on silica or by reverse phase HPLC. Substituents are as defined, or protected forms or precursors thereof. Likewise, bromide intermediate B-4 can be boronylated to give A-2.

[0420] Suzuki coupling of B-2 and A-2, or of A-l and B-4, gives Formula I compound or intermediate A-3. Boronic ester (or acid) (1.5 eq) A-l or A-2, and a palladium catalyst such as bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (0.05 eq) is added to a mixture of halo intermediate (1 eq) B-2 or B-4 in acetonitrile and 1 M of sodium carbonate aqueous solution (equal volume as acetonitrile). The reaction mixture is heated to about 150 °C in a microwave for about 15 min. LC / MS indicates when the reaction is complete. Water is added to the mixture, and the precipitated product is filtered and purified by HPLC to yield

[0421] 1 ' 2' 4' 1 2 4

[0422] the product A-3. Substituents R , R , R may be R , R , R as defined, or protected forms or precursors thereof.

[0423] A variety of palladium catalysts can be used during the Suzuki coupling step. Various low valent, Pd(II) and Pd(0) catalysts may be used in the Suzuki coupling reaction, including PdC12(PPh3)2, Pd(t-Bu)3, PdCl2dppf CH2C12, Pd(PPh3)4, Pd(OAc) / PPh3, Cl2Pd[(Pet3)]2, Pd(DIPHOS)2, Cl2Pd(Bipy), [PdCl(Ph2PCH2PPh2)]2, Cl2Pd[P(o-tol)3]2, Pd2(dba)3 / P(o-tol)3, Pd2(dba) / P(furyl)3, Cl2Pd[P(furyl)3]2, Cl2Pd(PMePh2)2, Cl2Pd[P(4-F-Ph)3]2, Cl2Pd[P(C6F6)3]2, Cl2Pd[P(2-COOH-Ph)(Ph)2]2, Cl2Pd[P(4-COOH-Ph)(Ph)2]2, and encapsulated catalysts Pd EnCat™ 30, Pd EnCat™ TPP30, and Pd(II)EnCat™ BINAP30 (US 2004 / 0254066).

[0424] General Procedure: Buchwald reaction

[0425] B-2

[0426] The Buchwald reaction is useful to aminate 6-bromo intermediates B-1 (Wolf and Buchwald (2004) Org. Synth Coll. Vol. 10:423; Paul et al (1994) Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc. 116:5969-5970). To a solution of halo intermediate B-1 in DMF is added the appropriate amine R5-NH2(200 mol %), Cs2C03(50 mol%), Pd2(dba)3(5 mol%), and 4,5- bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos, CAS Reg. No. 161265-03-8, 10 mol%). The reaction is heated to about 110 °C under pressure in a microwave reactor (Biotage AB, Uppsala, Sweden) for about 30 min. The resulting solution is concentrated in vacuo to give B-2. Other palladium catalysts and phosphine ligands may be useful.

[0428] 101e B-3 B-4

[0429] N-Heteroaryl amide intermediates B-4 can also be prepared under Buchwald conditions with cyclic amide intermediates (R7) such as 3,4,6, 7,8, 9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2- a]indol-l(2H)-one lOle and heteroaryl dibromides B-3.

[0430] METHODS OF SEPARATION

[0431] In the methods of preparing Formula I compounds, it may be advantageous to separate reaction products from one another and / or from starting materials. The desired products of each step or series of steps is separated and / or purified to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art. Typically such separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography. Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example: reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scaleanalytical; simulated moving bed (SMB) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.

[0432] Another class of separation methods involves treatment of a mixture with a reagent selected to bind to or render otherwise separable a desired product, unreacted starting material, reaction by product, or the like. Such reagents include adsorbents or absorbents such as activated carbon, molecular sieves, ion exchange media, or the like. Alternatively, the reagents can be acids in the case of a basic material, bases in the case of an acidic material, binding reagents such as antibodies, binding proteins, selective chelators such as crown ethers, liquid / liquid ion extraction reagents (LIX), or the like. Selection of appropriate methods of separation depends on the nature of the materials involved, such as, boiling point and molecular weight in distillation and sublimation, presence or absence of polar functional groups in chromatography, stability of materials in acidic and basic media in multiphase extraction, and the like.

[0433] Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by chromatography and / or fractional crystallization. Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher's acid chloride), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers. Also, some of the compounds of the present invention may be atropisomers (e.g., substituted biaryls) and are considered as part of this invention. Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.

[0434] A single stereoisomer, e.g., an enantiomer, substantially free of its stereoisomer may be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixture using a method such as formation of diastereomers using optically active resolving agents (Eliel, E. and Wilen, S.

[0435] "Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994;

[0436] Lochmuller, C. H., (1975) J. Chromatogr., 113(3):283-302). Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the invention can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directlyunder chiral conditions. See: "Drug Stereochemistry, Analytical Methods and Pharmacology," Irving W. Wainer, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1993).

[0437] Under method (1), diastereomeric salts can be formed by reaction of enantiomerically pure chiral bases such as brucine, quinine, ephedrine, strychnine, a-methyl-β- phenylethylamine (amphetamine), and the like with asymmetric compounds bearing acidic functionality, such as carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid. The diastereomeric salts may be induced to separate by fractional crystallization or ionic chromatography. For separation of the optical isomers of amino compounds, addition of chiral carboxylic or sulfonic acids, such as camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, or lactic acid can result in formation of the diastereomeric salts.

[0438] Alternatively, by method (2), the substrate to be resolved is reacted with one enantiomer of a chiral compound to form a diastereomeric pair (E. and Wilen, S.

[0439] "Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994, p. 322).

[0440] Diastereomeric compounds can be formed by reacting asymmetric compounds with enantiomerically pure chiral derivatizing reagents, such as menthyl derivatives, followed by separation of the diastereomers and hydrolysis to yield the pure or enriched enantiomer. A method of determining optical purity involves making chiral esters, such as a menthyl ester, e.g., (-) menthyl chloroformate in the presence of base, or Mosher ester, a-methoxy-a- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl acetate (Jacob III. J. Org. Chem. (1982) 47:4165), of the racemic mixture, and analyzing the 1H NMR spectrum for the presence of the two atropisomeric enantiomers or diastereomers. Stable diastereomers of atropisomeric compounds can be separated and isolated by normal- and reverse-phase chromatography following methods for separation of atropisomeric naphthyl-isoquinolines (WO 96 / 15111). By method (3), a racemic mixture of two enantiomers can be separated by chromatography using a chiral stationary phase ("Chiral Liquid Chromatography" (1989) W. J. Lough, Ed., Chapman and Hall, New York; Okamoto, J. Chromatogr., (1990) 513:375-378). Enriched or purified enantiomers can be distinguished by methods used to distinguish other chiral molecules with asymmetric carbon atoms, such as optical rotation and circular dichroism.

[0441] EXAMPLES

[0442] Example 101a 2,2,2-Trichloro- 1 -(4,5 ,6,7-tetrahydro- lH-indol-2-yl)ethanone

[0443] 101a

[0444] 101a

[0445] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, condenser and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- lH-indole (3.00 g, 24.8 mmol), trichloroacetyl chloride (13.5 g, 74.4 mmol) and 1,2- dichloroethane (50 mL). The solution was stirred at 85 °C for 2 h. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a 100% yield (6.50 g) of 2,2,2-trichloro-l-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-lH-indol-2-yl)ethanone 101a as a black semi- solid: 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-6) δ 11.94 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 2.62 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 2.47 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H); MS (ESI+) m / z 266.0 (M+H)

[0446] Example 101b Ethyl 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-lH-indole-2-carboxylate 101b

[0448] 101 b

[0449] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with 101a (6.50 g, 24.8 mmol), sodium ethoxide (17.0 mg, 0.25 mmol) and ethanol (40 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford a 100% yield (4.80 g) of ethyl 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-lH-indole-2-carboxylate 101b as a brown solid: mp 70-72 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 4.25 (q, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.65 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 2.56 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 1.85 (m, 4H), 1.28 (t, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz); MS (ESI+) m / z 194.1 (M+H)

[0450] Example 101c Ethyl 1 -(Cyanomethyl)-4,5 ,6,7-tetrahydro- lH-indole-2- carboxylate 101c

[0451] 101 cA 125-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with 101b (5.76 g, 29.8 mmol) and DMF (50 mL). The solution was cooled to 0 °C using an ice bath. NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 1.43 g, 35.8 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After that time, bromoacetonitrile (1.43 g, 35.8 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 h. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (150 mL) and water (450 mL). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 150 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford a 55% yield (3.80 g) of ethyl l-(cyanomethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro- lH-indole-2-carboxylate 101c as a yellow semi-solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 6.66 (s, 1H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 4.28 (q, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.62 (t, 2H, J = 6.3 Hz), 2.49 (t, 2H, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.33 (t, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz); MS (ESI+) m / z 233.1 (M+H)

[0452] Example lOld Ethyl l-(2-Aminoethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-lH-indole-2- carboxylate lOld

[0454] A 200-mL Parr reactor bottle was purged with nitrogen and charged with 10% palladium on carbon (50%> wet, 1.28 g dry weight), 101c (3.00 g, 12.9 mmol), 12% hydrochloric acid (6.5 mL, 25 mmol), ethyl acetate (60 mL) and ethanol (40 mL). The bottle was attached to a Parr hydrogenator, evacuated, charged with hydrogen gas to a pressure of 50 psi and shaken for 6 h. After this time, the hydrogen was evacuated, and nitrogen was charged into the bottle, diatomaceous earth filter agent (CELITE®, Imerys Minerals California, Inc.) CELITE® 521 (4.0 g) was added, and the mixture was filtered through a pad of CELITE® 521. The filter cake was washed with ethanol (2 x 20 mL), and the combined filtrates were concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (150 mL) and 10% aqueous potassium carbonate (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 75 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with ethanol (5 mL) to afford a 71% yield (1.71 g) of ethyl l-(2-aminoethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-lH-indole-2-carboxylate lOld as a whitesolid: mp 102-104 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-6) δ 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.22 (br, 2H), 4.15 (m, 4H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.59 (t, 2H, J = 6.5 Hz), 2.42 (t, 2H, J = 6.5 Hz), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.23 (t, 3H, J = 7.0 Hz); MS (APCI+) m / z 237.2 (M+H)

[0455] Example lOle 3,4,6, 7,8,9-Hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one lOle

[0457] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with lOld (1.80 g, 7.63 mmol), sodium ethoxide (1.55 g, 22.8 mmol) and ethanol (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at 55 °C for 5 h. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford a 42% yield (605 mg) of 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one lOle as a white solid: mp 207-209 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.41 (s, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 3.84 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 3.42 (m, 2H), 2.51 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 2.42 (t, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H); (APCI+) m / z 191.3 (M+H)

[0458] Example lOlf 3-Bromo-5-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)isonicotinaldehyde lOlf

[0460] A 50-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with lOle (300 mg, 1.57 mmol), 3,5- dibromoisonicotinaldehyde (2) (517 mg, 1.96 mmol), 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9- dimethylxanthene (XantPhos, 120 mg, 0.2 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (180 mg, 0.2 mmol), CS2CO3(650 mg, 2 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (8 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 100 °C for 6 h. It was then cooled to roomtemperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH (from 40: 1 to 20: 1) to afford lOlf as a pale yellow solid (350 mg, 40%). MS: [M+H]+374.

[0461] Example 101 g tert-Butyl 4-(6-Nitropyridin-3 -yl)piperazine- 1 -carboxylate lOlg

[0462] Boc

[0463] lOlg

[0464] Into a solution of 5-bromo-2-nitropyridine (30 g, 148 mmol) in DMSO (1 L) were added K2CO3(40 g, 296 mmol) and tert-butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (28g, 148 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 65 °C overnight. After cooling down, it was poured into water (2 L). The solid precipitated was collected and dried under vacuum. It was then further purified by flash column eluting with 20: 1 petroleum ether / ethyl acetate and then with methylene chloride to give lOlg as a yellow solid (17 g, 37%). MS: [M+H]+309.

[0465] Example lOlh tert-Butyl 4-(6- Aminopyridin-3 -yl)piperazine- 1 -carboxylate lOlh

[0467] lOlh

[0468] A 500-mL bottle was purged with nitrogen and charged with tert-butyl 4-(6- nitropyridin-3-yl)piperazine-l -carboxylate lOlg (3.1 g, 10 mmol), 10% palladium on carbon (50%) wet, 1.0 g) and ethanol (100 mL). It was evacuated, charged with hydrogen gas, and stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The hydrogen was then evacuated and nitrogen was charged into the bottle. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a pad of CELITE® and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to afford lOlh (2.7 g, 97%). MS:

[0469] [M+H]+279

[0470] Example lOli tert-Butyl 4-(6-(5 -bromo- 1 -methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydropyridin-

[0471] 3 -ylamino)pyridine-3 -yl)piperazine- 1 -carboxylate 10 li

[0472] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (50 mL), lOlh (1.3 g, 4.7 mmol), 3,5- dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (1.24 g, 4.7 mmol), and cesium carbonate (3.8 g, 12 mmol). After bubbling nitrogen through the resulting mixture for 30 minutes, XantPhos (272 mg, 0.47 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (430 mg, 0.47 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature, partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (100 mL), and filtered. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 2). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (50 mL), and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on flash column eluting with 50: 1 methylene

[0473] chloride / methanol to afford lOli (1.3 g, 59%). MS: [M+H]+464.

[0474] Example lOlj 5 -Bromo- 1 -methyl-3 -(5 -(piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one lOlj

[0476] A mixture of lOli (3.6 g, 7.8 mmol) and 4.0 M HCl / dioxane (10 mL) was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. It was then concentrated at reduced pressure. The residue was basified with aqueous 1.0M NaOH and extracted with methylene chloride. The combined organic layers were washed with water and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 101 j (2.46 g, 87%). MS: [M+H]+364.

[0477] Example 101k 5 -Bromo- 1 -methyl-3 -(5 -(4-(oxetan-3 -yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-

[0478] 2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one 101k

[0479] 101k

[0480] A mixture of lOlj (2.75 g, 7.5 mmol), oxetan-3-one (1.6 g, 22.7 mmol), NaBH3CN (4.75 g, 22.5 mmol), and zinc chloride (3 g, 22.7 mmol) in methanol (125 mL) was stirred for 5 hours at 50 °C. The mixture was added to water and extracted with methylene chloride for three times. The organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography eluting with 25: 1 methylene chloride / methanol to give 101k (1.92 g, 61%). MS: [M+H]+420. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.58 (d, J = 2.5, 1H),

[0481] 8.55 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 3, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 2.5, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J = 3, 1H), 7.25 (d, J = 4, 1H),

[0482] 4.56 (t, J = 6.5, 2H), 4.46 (t, J = 6.5, 2H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.43 (m, 1 H), 3.01 (m, 4H), 2.40 (m, 4H).

[0483] Example 1011 1 -Methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011

[0484] A 500-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 101k (10.5 g, 25 mmol), Pin2B2 (15.6 g, 2.5 eq., 62 mmol), Pd2(dba)3(1.14 g, 0.05 eq., 1.25 mmol), X-phos (1.16 g, 0.1 eq., 2.5 mmol), AcOK (7.35 g, 3 eq., 75 mmol) and dioxane (150 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated to 65 °C for 14 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was washed by

[0485] PE / EA=3 / 1 (80 mL) to afford 1011 as a yellow solid (10.5 g, 94%). MS: [M+H]+468.

[0486] Example 101m 3-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-5-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2- a] indol-2( 1 H)-yl)isonicotinaldehyde 101m

[0487] A sealed tube was charged with lOlf (200 mg, 0.53 mmol), 1011 (250 mg, 0.53 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (42 mg, 0.05mmol), K3P04(210 mg, 1.0 mmol), and NaOAc (85 mg, 1.0 mmol) in acetonitrile / H20 (8 mL / lmL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 100 °C in a sealed tube for 4 h. It was then filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on reverse phase Combi-flash eluting with 20: 1

[0488] DCM / MeOH to afford 101m (135 mg, 40%). LCMS: [M+H]+635 .Example 101 2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(l -methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 - yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- l(2H)-one 101

[0489] A mixture of 101m (135 mg, 0.21 mmol) and NaBH4 (20 mg, 0.5 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h. The mixture was quenched with water and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 101 (55 mg, 40%). LCMS: [M+H]+637. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=3.0, 1H), 7.38-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.23 (m, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H) , 5.16 (t, J=3.0, 1H), 4.56 -4.40 (m, 6H), 4.19 -4.12 (m, 3H), 3.95 (t, J=3.0, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.41(m, 1H), 3.06 (s, 4H), 2.57-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.48 (m, 6H), 1.78-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.70 (m, 2H)

[0490] Example 102a 1 -Methyl-3 -[5 -(4-methyl-piperazin- 1 -yl)-pyridin-2-yl amino] -5 -

[0491] (4,4,5, 5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-lH-pyridin-2-one 102a

[0493] A 1-L single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and thermoregulator was purged with nitrogen and charged with 5-bromo-l-methyl-3-[5-(4- methylpiperazin-l-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-lH-pyridin-2-one prepared according to US 2009 / 0318448, (10.0 g, 0.027 mol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (8.06 g, 0.032 mol), potassium acetate (10.4 g, 0.11 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (200 mL). After a stream of nitrogen was passed through the resulting suspension for 30 min., Pd(dppf)Cl2CH2CI2(582 mg, 0.795 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 3 h. Then, it was cooled to room temperature, partitioned between water (400 mL) and ethyl acetate (600 mL) and filtered through a pad of CELITE®. The organic phase was extracted, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was triturated with a mixture of diethyl ether (50 mL) and hexanes (250 mL), and the suspension was filtered. The filter cake was dried under vacuum at room temperature to afford a 27 % yield (3.04 g) of l-methyl-3-[5-(4- methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-pyridin-2-ylamino]-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)- lH-pyridin-2-one 102a as a brown solid.Example 102b 3-(l-Methyl-5-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-5-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)isonicotinaldehyde 102b

[0494] A sealed tube was charged with 3-bromo-5-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)isonicotinaldehyde lOlf (200 mg, 0.53 mmol), 1- methyl-3-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine-2(lH)-one 102a (225 mg, 0.53 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (42 mg, 0.05mmol), K3P04(210 mg, 1 mmol), and NaOAc (85mg, 1 mmol) in acetonitrile / H20 (8 mL / 1 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 100°C for 4 h. It was then filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column eluting with 20: 1 DCM / MeOH to afford 102b (135 mg, 43%). LCMS: [M+H]+593 .

[0495] Example 102 2-(4-(Hydroxymethyl)-5 -( 1 -methyl-5 -(5 -(4-methylpiperazin- 1 - yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 102

[0496] A mixture of 3 -( 1 -methyl-5 -(5 -(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-5-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)isonicotinaldehyde 102b (135 mg, 0.22 mmol) and NaBH4 (20 mg, 0.5 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h. The mixture was quenched with water and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 102 (18 mg, 20%). LCMS: [M+H]+595. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.25 (m, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H) , 5.16 (t, J=3.0, 1H), 4.40 (s, 2H), 4.14-4.18 (m, 3H), 3.93-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 4H), 2.60-2.6 l(m, 6H), 2.48-2.34 (m, 5H), 1.78-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.70 (m, 2H)

[0497] Example 103 a 2-Bromo-4-chloronicotinaldehyde 103a

[0498] To a solution of 2-bromo-4-chloropyridine (1.6 g, 8.0 mmol) in anhydrous

[0499] tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) cooled at -70°C was added the solution of lithium diisopropyl-amide (5.0 mL, 10.0 mmol, 2.0 M) over a period of 5 minutes and stirred at -70 °C for another 1 h. Anhydrous DMF (1.3 g) was introduced over a period of 3 minutes and the mixture was stirred for another 30 minutes. It was then quenched with saturated NH4C1 (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 3). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Mg2S04,filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with petroleum ether / ethyl acetate (20: 1) toafford 103a as a yellow solid (900 mg, 48%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.21 (s, IH), 8.52 (d, J= 5.5 Hz, IH) , 7.79 (d, J= 5.0 Hz, IH).

[0500] Example 103b 4-Chloro-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 103b

[0501] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 103a (800 mg, 3.5 mmol), 3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one lOle (665 mg, 3.5 mmol),

[0502] tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (320 mg, 0.35 mmol), XantPhos (400 mg, 0.7 mmol), CS2CO3(2.3 g, 7.0 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 90°C for 5 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with

[0503] dichloromethane / methanol (80: 1) to afford 103b as a yellow solid (1.2 g, 50%). MS: [M+H]+330.

[0504] Example 103 c 4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2- a] indol-2( 1 H)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 103 c

[0505] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 103b (600 mg, 1.0 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2- yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011 (468 mg, 1.0 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(81 mg, 0.1 mmol), K3P04.3H20 (678 mg, 3.0 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at reflux for 4 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (40: 1) to afford 103c as yellow solid (510 mg, 73%). MS: [M+H]+635.

[0506] Example 103 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l -methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 - yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 103

[0507] To the solution of 103c (500 mg, 0.8 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added sodium borohydride (91 mg, 2.4 mmol) at 0 °C and stirred for another 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (3 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 103 (224 mg, 45%). LCMS: [M+H]+637. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.61 (d, J=3.0, IH), 8.48 (d, J=6.0, IH), 7.92 (d, J=3.5, IH), 7.81(d, J=3.0,1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=6.0, 1H), 7.24-7.27 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=l 1.5, 1H), 5.01-5.04, (m, 1H), 4.60-4.71 (m, 5H), 4.32-4.49 (m, 2H), 3.83-4.15 (m, 3H), 3.70(s, 3H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.16 (m, 4H), 2.55-2.61 (m, 4H), 2.49-2.52 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.90 (m, 4H)

[0508] Example 104a 4-Bromo-2-chloronicotinaldehyde 104a

[0510] To a solution of 4-bromo-2-chloropyridine (12.0 g, 60.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) cooled at -70 °C was added the solution of lithium

[0511] diisopropylamide (30.0 mL, 60.0 mmol, 2.0 M) over a period of 30 minutes and stirred for another at -70 °C 2 h. Anhydrous DMF (12.0 g) was introduced over a period of 10 minutes and stirred for another 30 minutes. It was then quenched with saturated NaHC03(200 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Mg2S04, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with petroleum ether / ethyl acetate (20: 1) to afford 104a as a yellow solid (4.0 g, 29%). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 10.23 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d, J= 5.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.94 (d, J= 5.5 Hz, 1H).

[0512] Example 104b 2-Chloro-4-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l ,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 104b

[0514] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 104a (1.1 g, 5.0 mmol), 3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l ,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one lOle (477 mg, 2.5 mmol),

[0515] tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (230 mg, 0.25 mmol), XantPhos (430 mg, 0.75 mmol), Cs2C03(1.6 g, 5.0 mmol), and 1 ,4-dioxane (50 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 65°C for 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting withdichloromethane / methanol (40: 1) to afford 104b as a yellow solid (1.1 g, 80%). MS: [M+H] 330.

[0516] Example 104c 2-(l -Methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-4-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2- a]indol-2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 104c

[0517] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 104b (658 mg, 1.0 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2- yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011 (622 mg, 2.0 mmol), Pd (dppf) Cl2(65 mg, 0.08 mmol),

[0518] Κ3Ρ04.3Η20 (361 mg, 1.6 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (40 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at reflux for 4 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with

[0519] dichloromethane / methanol (40: 1) to afford 104c as a yellow solid (400 mg, 63%). MS: [M+H]+635.

[0520] Example 104 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 -yl)pyridin-4-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 104

[0521] To the solution of 104c (360 mg, 0.6 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added sodium borohydride (70 mg, 1.8 mmol) at 0 °C and stirred for another 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (2 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 104 (63 mg, 16%) as an off-white solid. LCMS: [M+H]+637. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.70 (d, J=3.0, 1H), 8.65 (d, J=5.5, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.85(d, J=3.0, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 7.36-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.23 (m, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 5.12 (t, J=5.5, 1H), 4.55-4.56 (m, 2H), 4.43-4.45 (m, 4H), 4.14-4.16 (m, 3H), 3.93-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.08 (m, 4H), 2.61-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.39 (m, 4H), 1.68-1.78 (m, 4H).

[0522] Example 105 a N-Methoxy-N-methyl-4,5 ,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[¾]thiophene-2- carboxamide 105a

[0523] A 250-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was purged with nitrogen, charged with 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (3.00 g, 16.5 mmol), methylene chloride (80 mL), and DMF (60 mg, 0.825 mmol) and cooled to 0 °C. To the resulting solution, oxalyl chloride (2.31 g, 18.2 mmol) was added dropwise. After this addition was complete, the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. After this time, the reaction was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting white solid was dissolved in methylene chloride (80 mL) and the solution cooled to 0 °C. Triethylamine (5.00 g, 49.5 mmol) and Ν,Ο-dimethylhydroxylamine (1.61 g, 16.5 mmol) were then added. After the addition was complete, the cooling bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was partitioned between water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (100 mL), followed by brine (100 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash

[0524] chromatography to afford an 88% yield of 105a (3.29 gm) as a white solid: mp 36-37 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.78 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 2.62 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 1.82 (m, 4H); MS (APCI+) m / z 226.3 (M+H)

[0525] Example 105b 3-Chloro- 1 -(4,5 ,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[¾]thiophen-2-yl)propan- 1 - one 105b

[0526] 105b

[0527] A 100-mL single-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was purged with nitrogen and charged with 105a (2.70 g, 12.0 mmol) and anhydrous THF (45 mL), and the solution was cooled to -10 °C with acetone / ice bath. A 1.0 M solution of vinylmagnesium bromide in THF (13.2 mL, 13.2 mmol) was added dropwise, and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 4 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and 2 M aqueous hydrochloric acid (40 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (100 mL), followed by brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (30 mL), and a 2 M solution of hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (15 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 1 h, the solvents were removed under reduced pressure. Purification of the resulting residue by column chromatography afforded a 29% yield (804 mg) of 105b as an off-white solid: mp 57-58 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.41 (s, 1H), 3.89 (t, 2H, J= 7.0 Hz), 3.30 (t, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz), 2.81 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 2.64 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 1.83 (m, 4H); MS (ECI+) m / z 229.1 (M+H)

[0528] Example 105 c 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-lH-benzo[¾]cyclopenta[<i]thiophen-3(2H)- one 10

[0529] A 50-mL single-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 105b (800 mg, 3.51 mmol) and 98% sulfuric acid (8 mL). After stirring at 95 °C for 16 h, the reaction mixture was poured into ice (50 g), and the resulting suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 >< 50 mL). The organic extracts were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford 105c in 47% yield (320 mg) as an off-white solid: mp 75-76 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 2.89 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.83 (m, 4H), 2.56 (t, 2H, J = 6.5 Hz), 1.84 (m, 4H)

[0530] Example 105d 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-lH-benzo[¾]cyclopenta[<i]thiophen-3(2H)- one oxi

[0531] 105d

[0532] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (573 mg, 8.25 mmol) and methanol (10 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0 °C using an ice bath. Sodium acetate (677 mg, 8.25 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min. After this time, 105c (319 mg, 1.65 mmol) was added, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. After this time, the mixture was concentrated, and the resulting residue was triturated with water (10 mL). The resulting solid was collected and dried in a vacuum oven at 45 °C to afford an 84% yield (287 mg) of 105d as an off-white solid: mp 173-174 °C; 1H NMR (500MHz, DMSO- e) δ 10.38 (s, 1H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.73 (m, 4H), 2.47 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 4H); MS (APCI+) m / z 208.3 (M+H)

[0533] Example 105e 3,4,5, 6,7, 8-Hexahydrobenzothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-l(2H)-one

[0534] 105e

[0535] 105e

[0536] A 50-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser, magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with 105d (285 mg, 1.38 mmol) and polyphosphoric acid (15 g). After stirring at 80 °C for 16 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water (30 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min and filtered. The filter cake was washed with water (20 mL) and dried in a vacuum oven at 45 °C to afford a 75% yield (215 mg) of 105e as an off-white solid: mp 203 °C dec; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 5.62 (s, 1H), 3.59 (t, 2H, J= 7.0 Hz), 2.81 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 2.72 (t, 2H, J= 7.0 Hz), 2.48 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 1.84 (m, 4H). MS (APCI+) m / z 208.3 (M+H)

[0537] 2 7

[0538] Example 105f 3-Bromo-5-{6-oxo-8-thia-5-azatricyclo[7.4.0.0 ' ]trideca- l(9),2( -dien-5-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 105f

[0540] To a 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 3,5-dibromoisonicotin-aldehyde (400mg, 1.5 mmol), 8-thia-5-azatricyclo[7.4.0.02'7]trideca-l(9),2(7)-dien-6-one 105e (146 mg, 0.76 mmol), and cesium carbonate (176 mg, 1.5 mmol). Xantphos (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Pd2(dba) (70 mg, 0.08 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 5 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified on flash column eluting with DCM:MeOH (20: 1) to afford 105f (200 mg, 70%). MS: [M+H]+377.

[0541] I l lExample 105 3-[ l-Methyl-5-( {5-[4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl]pyridine-2-

[0542] 2 7

[0543] yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5-{6-oxo-8-thia-5-azatricyclo[7.4.0.0 ' ]trideca- l(9),2( -dien-5-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 105g

[0545] A sealed tube was charged with 105f (200 mg, 0.53 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-

[0546] 3-yl) piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011 (240 mg, 0.51 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (42 mg, 0.05 mmol), K3P04(230 mg, 1 mmol), and NaOAc (80 mg, 1 mmol) in CH3CN (5 mL) and H20 (1.5 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 10: 1 of DCM / MeOH to afford 105g in 40% yield (138 mg) as a pale yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+638.

[0547] Example 105 4-Hydroxymethyl- 3-[ 1 -methyl-5-( {5-[4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 - yl]pyridine-2-yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5-{6-oxo-8-thia-5-azatricyclo- [7.4.0.02'7]trideca-l(9),2(7)-dien-5-yl}pyridine l05

[0548] To a solution of 3-[l-methyl-5-({5-[4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl]pyridine-2-

[0549] 2 7

[0550] yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5-{6-oxo-8-thia-5-azatricyclo[7.4.0.0 ' ]-trideca- l(9),2(7)-dien-5-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 105g (130 mg, 0.20 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) at 0°C was added sodium borohydride (22 mg, 0.6 mmol) and stirred for 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (1.0 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 105 (90 mg, 65 %). LCMS: [M+H]+:654. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.58 (d, J=2.0, IH), 8.56 (s, IH), 8.49 (s, IH), 8.41 (s, IH), 7.86 (s, IH), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.22 (m,lH), 5.14 (t, J=3.0, IH), 4.56-4.42 (m, 6H), 4.08-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.43 (d, J=3.5,1H), 3.07 (s, 4H), 2.89-2.79 (m, 4H) , 2.55-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.37 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.81 (m, 4H)

[0551] Example 106a 3,3-Dimethylcyclopentanone 106aH3C O

[0552] H3C

[0553] 106a

[0554] A 1-L three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, addition funnel and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with ether (200 mL) and copper (I) iodide (54.46 g, 0.286 mol). The mixture was cooled to 0 °C, methyllithium (1.6 M in ether, 357.5 mL, 0.572 mol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture over 1.5 h and stirred at 0 °C for additional 2 h. After this time a solution of 3-methylcyclo-pent-2-enone (25 g, 0.260 mol) in ether (150 mL) was added dropwise over 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was then stirred at 0 °C for 2 h and poured into sodium sulfate deca-hydrate (300 g). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min. After this time the mixture was filtered and washed with ether (1000 mL). The filtrate was concentrated and distilled under reduced pressure to afford a 70% yield (20.5 g) of 3,3-dimethylcyclo-pentanone 106a as a colorless liquid: bp 50-55 °C (at 10 mmHg); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 2.31 (t, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz), 2.05 (s, 2H), 1.79 (t, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz); MS (ESI+) m / z 113.3 (M+H)

[0555] Example 106b Ethyl 5,5-Dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[¾]thiophene-2- carboxylate 106b

[0556] 106b

[0557] A 500-mL three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, reflux condenser, addition funnel and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with DMF (9.49 g, 0.100 mol) and methylene chloride (100 mL). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and phosphorus oxychloride (14.1 g, 0.920 mol) was added dropwise to the reaction over 30 min. Once this addition was complete, the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. After this time a solution of 106a ( 11.2 g, 0.100 mol) in methylene chloride (100 mL) was added dropwise over 1 h. The reaction was then stirred at reflux for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into a mixture of crushed ice (400 mL) and sodium acetate (100 g, 1.22 mol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 45 min. After this time the aqueous layer was separated and extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 500 mL). The combined organic layers were then washed with water (2 x 200 mL), followed by brine (200 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was then removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated to afford crude product 2- chloro-4,4-dimethylcyclopent-l-enecarbaldehyde which was placed in a 500-mL three-neckround bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser and nitrogen inlet. Methylene chloride (200 mL), ethyl 2-mercaptoacetate (11.0 g, 0.092 mol) and triethylamine (30 g, 0.207 mol) were then added. The reaction mixture was then stirred at reflux for 6 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated to a thick orange residue. Ethanol (200 mL) and triethylamine (30.0 g, 0.207 mol) were added and the reaction was heated at reflux for 12 h. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was diluted with ether (600 mL). The resulting mixture was washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid (150 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford 106b in 34% yield (7.70 g) as a colorless liquid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.48 (s, 1H), 4.33 (q, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.72 (s, 2H), 2.56 (s, 2H), 1.38 (t, 3H, J = 1.8 Hz), 1.17 (s, 6H); MS (ESI+) m / z 225.1

[0558] Example 106c 5,5-Dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[¾]thiophene-2- carboxylic acid 106c

[0559] In a 250-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser, 106b (4.00 g, 17.8 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (50 mL). THF (50 mL), water (50 mL) and lithium hydroxide (854 mg, 35.6 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 4 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid to pH 1.5, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with water (2 x 100 mL), followed by brine (100 ml) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was then separated by filtration. After evaporating the resulting filtrate, 106c was obtained in 91% yield (3.2 g) as a white solid: mp 170-172 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 12.77 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 2.71 (s, 2H), 2.53 (s, 2H), 1.20 (s, 6H); MS (ESI-) m / z 195.0

[0560] Example 106d 5,5-Dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[£]thiophene-2- carboxylic acid 106d

[0561] 106d

[0562] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, reflux condenser and a bubbler placed on the condenser was charged with 106c (2.30 g, 11.6 mmol),toluene (25 mL), thionyl chloride (4.09 g, 34.9 mmol) and DMF (1 drop). The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h and then evaporated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator at 45 °C. The resulting acid chloride was diluted with methylene chloride (20 mL).

[0563] In a separate 250-mL three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.26 g, 23.2 mmol) and N,N- diisopropylethylamine (2.97 g, 23.0 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous methylene chloride (20 mL) under nitrogen, and the solution was cooled to 0 °C in an ice / water bath. The solution of the acid chloride was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with water (100 mL), 10% aqueous citric acid (50 mL) and a 1 : 1 mixture of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and water (100 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator to afford a 93% yield (2.60 g) of 106d as a light yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.66 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 2H), 2.58 (s, 2H), 1.23 (s, 6H)

[0564] Example 106e 3 -Chloro- 1 -(5 ,5 -dimethyl-5 ,6-dihydro-4H- cyclopenta[¾]thiophen-2-yl)propan-l-one 106e

[0565] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was purged with nitrogen and charged with 106d (2.41 g, 10.0 mmol) and anhydrous THF (20 mL). The solution was cooled to -70 °C, and 1 M vinylmagnesium bromide in THF (11 mL, 11.0 mmol) was added with the reaction temperature maintained below -60 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at -13 to -7 °C for 2 h and then warmed to room temperature over 30 min. The reaction was again cooled to -70 °C, and a 2 M solution of hydrogen chloride in ether (22.5 ml, 45 mmol) was added. The reaction was then stored in a freezer at -10 °C overnight. After this time the mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator, and the resulting residue partitioned between water (100 mL) and ether (100 mL). The ether extract was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator to afford crude 106e (2.86 g, 118%>) as a brown oil with approximately 75%> purity (by NMR): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.45 (s, 1H), 3.89 (t, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.30 (t, 2H, J =6.9 Hz), 2.75 (s, 2H), 2.59 (s, 2H), 1.24 (s, 6H)Example 106f 6,6-Dimethyl- 1 ,2,6,7-tetrahydrodicyclopenta[£, djthiophen-

[0566] 3(5H)-o

[0567] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with crude 106e (2.86 g, 10.0 mmol presuming quantitative yield) and 98% sulfuric acid. The reaction mixture was heated in a 90 °C oil bath overnight. The reaction mixture was placed into an ice / acetone bath, and a cold (5 °C) solution of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (105 g, 0.603 mol) in water (300 mL) was added in one portion. The resulting mixture was shaken with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The ethyl acetate layer of the filtrate was separated, dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator, the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 80:20 hexanes / ethyl acetate) to afford 106f in 37% yield over two steps (683 mg) as an amorphous brown solid: mp 60- 62 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 2.92-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.79 (s, 2H), 2.53 (s, 2H), 1.26 (s, 6H); LCMS (ESI+) m / z 207.0 (M+H)

[0568] Example 106g 6,6-Dimethyl- 1 ,2,6,7-tetrahydrodicyclopenta[£, Jthiophen-

[0569] 3(5H)-o

[0570] A 250-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (688 mg, 9.90 mmol), sodium acetate (812 mg, 9.90 mmol) and methanol (10 mL), and the mixture at room temperature for 30 min. After this time, a solution of 106f (680 mg, 3.30 mmol) was added dropwise at room temperature, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 14 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Since the reaction was not complete, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.15 g, 16.5 mmol) and sodium acetate (1.35 g, 16.5 mmol) were added, and the stirring was continued at room temperature for 58 h. After this time, the mixture was diluted with methylene chloride (150 mL) and water (100 mL), and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated to afford crude 106g in quantitative yield (730 mg)as a yellow semi-solid which was used in the next step without purification: mp 122-124 °C; 1H NMR for major isomer (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 3.13-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 2H), 2.49 (s, 2H), 1.24 (s, 6H); MS (ESI+) m / z 222.0 (M+H)

[0571] Example 106h 6,6-Dimethyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-cyclopenta[4,5]thieno[2,3- c]pyridi -l(2H)-one 106h

[0572] A 100-mL three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser, mechanical stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with 106g (700 mg, 3.16 mmol) and polyp hosphoric acid (25 g). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 13 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After this time, the mixture was cooled to 0 °C and water (50 mL) was added dropwise carefully maintaining the internal temperature between 10-45 °C. The mixture was diluted with 90: 10 methylene chloride / methanol (100 mL) and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with 90: 10 methylene chloride / methanol (50 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 mL), brine (150 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 95:5 methylene chloride / methanol) to afford 6,6- dimethyl-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-cyclopenta[4,5]thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-l(2H)-one 106h in 90% yield (630 mg) as an amorphous off-white solid: mp 205-207 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.51 (s, 1H), 3.60-3.56 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 4H), 2.49 (s, 2H), 1.26 (s, 6H); MS (ESI+) m / z 222.0 (M+H)

[0573] Example 106i 3-Bromo-5-{4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-7-thia-10- azatric2'6]dodeca-l(8), 2(6)-dien-10-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 106i

[0575] 106i

[0576] To a 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 3,5-dibromoisonicotin-aldehyde (400mg, 1.5 mmol), 4,4-dimethyl-7-thia-10-azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-l(8),2(6)-dien-9-one (106h) (170 mg, 0.76 mmol), and cesium carbonate (176 mg, 1.5 mmol). Xantphos (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (70 mg, 0.08 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 5 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified on flash column eluting with DCM:MeOH (20: 1) to afford 106i (200 mg, 65%). MS: [M+H]+405.

[0577] Example 106j 3-[ 1 -Methyl-5-({5-[4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl]pyridine-2- yl} amino)-6-oxo-l ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5- {4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-7-thia- 10- azatric2'6]dodeca-l(8), 2(6)-dien-10-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 106j

[0579] A sealed tube was charged with 106i (200 mg, 0.50 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan- 3-yl) piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011 (240 mg, 0.51 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (42 mg, 0.05 mmol), K3P04(230 mg, 1 mmol), and NaOAc (80 mg, 1 mmol) in CH3CN (5 mL) and H20 (1.5 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 10: 1 DCM / MeOH to afford 106j (130 mg, 40%) as a pale yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+666.

[0580] Example 106 4-Hydroxymethyl-3 - [ 1 -methyl-5 -( {5 - [4-(oxetan-3 -yl)piperazin- 1 - yl]pyridine-2-yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5-{4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-7-thia-10- azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-l(8), 2(6)-dien-10-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 106

[0581] To a solution of 106j (130 mg, 0.20 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium borohydride (22 mg, 0.6 mmol) and stirred for 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (1.0 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse- phase prep-HPLC to afford 106 (60 mg, 45 %) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H]+: 668. 1HNMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.58 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.22 (m, 1H), 5.15 (t, J=5.0, 1H), 4.56-4.42 (m, 6H), 4.08-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.94 (m, 6H), 2.55-2.53 (m, 4H), 2.39-2.38 (m, 4H), 1.23 (s, 6H)

[0582] Example 107a (E)-Ethyl 3-(2-Chloro-4,4-dimethylcyclopent-l-enyl)acrylate

[0583] 107a

[0584] 107a

[0585] The following two procedures were adapted from Organic Preparations and

[0586] Procedures Int., 29(4):471-498. A 500-mL single neck round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with 2-chloro-4,4-dimethylcyclopent-l- enecarbaldehyde (38 g, 240 mmol) in benzene (240 mL). To the solution was added ethoxycarbonylmethylene triphenylphosphorane (84 g, 240 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 14 h. After that time, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was triturated with hexanes (2 L) to extract the product away from the PPh3by-products. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography using a 100% hexane - 1 : 1 hexane / ethyl acetate gradient to afford a 37% yield (20 g) of (E)-ethyl 3-(2-chloro-4,4-dimethylcyclopent-l-enyl)acrylate 107a.

[0587] Example 107b Ethyl 5,5-Dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2- carboxylate 107b

[0588] 107b

[0589] A 250-mL single neck round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with 107a (17 g, 74 mmol) in DMSO (100 mL). To the solution was added sodium azide (9.6 g, 150 mmol). The mixture was then heated to 75 °C and stirred for 8 h. After cooling to rt (room temperature), H20 (100 mL) and CH2C12(200 mL) were added and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2C12(50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatographyusing a 100% hexane - 1 : 1 hexane / ethyl acetate gradient to afford a 37% yield (5.7 g) of 107b.

[0590] Example 107c Ethyl l-(Cyanomethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclo- penta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylate 107c

[0591] 07c

[0592] A 250-mL single neck round bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with 107b (6.2 g, 30 mmol) in DMF (57 mL). To the solution was added NaH (80% dispersion in mineral oil, 1.26 g, 42.1 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 90 min. After that time, bromoacetonitrile (2.94 mL, 42 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 14 h. After that time, water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL) were added and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 X 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column

[0593] chromatography to afford a 95% yield (7 g) of 107c.

[0594] Example 107d Ethyl l-(2-Aminoethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclo- penta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylate hydrochloride 107d

[0596] 107d

[0597] A 500-mL Parr reactor bottle was purged with nitrogen and charged with 10% palladium on carbon (50%> wet, 2.0 g dry weight), 107c (4.5 g, 18 mmol), 12% hydrochloric acid (9.2 mL, 37 mmol), ethyl acetate (80 mL) and ethanol (52 mL). The bottle was attached to a Parr hydrogenator, evacuated, charged with hydrogen gas to a pressure of 50 psi and shaken for 6 h. After this time, the hydrogen was evacuated, and nitrogen was charged into the bottle. CELITE® 521 (10.0 g) was added, and the mixture was filtered through a pad of CELITE® 521. The filter cake was washed with ethanol (2 x 50 mL), and the combined filtrates were concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The crude residue ethyl l-(2-aminoethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylate hydrochloride 107d was carried onto the next step without further purification.

[0598] Example 107e 4,4-Dimethyl-l,10-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien- 9-one 1

[0599] 107e

[0600] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with crude l-(2-aminoethyl)-5,5- dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylate hydrochloride 107d (~18 mmol), sodium ethoxide (6.2 g, 92 mmol) and ethanol (120 mL). The mixture was stirred at 55 °C over night. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (100 mL). The solution was filtered. The solid was washed with ethyl acetate (15 mL) to give 850 mg of desired product 107e. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to near dryness. The solution was filtered and the solid (1.44 g) was washed with ethyl acetate (15 mL). The combined solids were dried under vacuum a afford 61% yield (2.3 g) of 107e.

[0601] Example 107f 3-Bromo-5 - {4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo- 1,10- diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-10-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 107f

[0602] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 3,5-dibromoisonicotinaldehyde (400 mg, 1.5 mmol), 107e (155 mg, 0.76 mmol), and cesium carbonate (176 mg, 1.5 mmol). Xantphos (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3(70 mg, 0.08 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 5 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on flash column eluting with DCM:MeOH (20: 1) to afford 107f (200 mg, 70%). MS: [M+H]+388.

[0603] Example 107g 5-[ 1 -Methyl-5-( {5-[4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl]pyridine-2- yl} amino)-6-oxo-l ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-3- {4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo- 1,10- diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]-dodeca-2(6),7-dien-10-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 107gA sealed tube was charged with 107f (200 mg, 0.51 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan- 3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011 (240 mg, 0.51 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (42 mg, 0.05 mmol), K3P04(230 mg, 1 mmol), and NaOAc (80 mg, 1 mmol) in CH3CN (5 mL) and H20 (1.5 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2.The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 10: 1 of DCM / MeOH to afford 107g in 35% yield (120 mg) as a brown solid. MS: [M+H]+649.

[0604] Example 107 10-[4-[ 1 -Methyl-5-( {5-[4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl]pyridine-2- yl } amino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 -yl] -4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3 -yl] -4,4-dimethyl- l,10-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-9-one 107

[0605] To a solution of 107g (120 mg, 0.18 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) at 0 °C was added sodium borohydride (22 mg, 0.6 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (1.0 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 107 (72 mg, 60 %). LCMS: [M+H]+:651. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.65 (s,lH), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=1.5, 1H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=2.4, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 5.16 (t, J=3.0, 1H), 4.56- 4.44 (m, 6H), 4.21-4.12 (m, 3H), 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H) , 3.43-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.06 (s, 4H), 2.57-2.38 (m, 8H) ,1.21 (s, 6H)

[0606] Example 108a 4-Chloro-2- {4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo- 1,10- diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-10-yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 108a

[0607] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 2-bromo-4-chloronicotinaldehyde 103a (3.0 g, 13.6 mmol), 4,4-dimethyl-l,10-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-9-one 107e (1.84 g, 9.0 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (826 mg, 0.9 mmol), XantPhos (1.04 mg, 1.8 mmol), Cs2C03(5.8 g, 18.0 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (40 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 90 °C for 5 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate to afford 108a as a yellow solid (730 mg, purity: 99%; yield: 31.7 %). MS: [M+H]+344.0.

[0608] Example 108b 4-(l -Methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2- {4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo- 1,10- diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]-dodeca-2(6),7-dien-10-yl}nicotinaldehyde 108bA 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 4-chloro-2-{4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-l,10- diaza- tricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-10-yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 108a (350 mg, 1.02 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011 (476 mg, 1.02 mmol),

[0609] Pd(dppf)Cl2(83 mg, 0.10 mmol), K3P04(526 mg, 3.06 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at reflux for 4 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (40 : 1 ) to afford 108b as white solid (400 mg, 61 %) . MS : [M+H]+649.4.

[0610] Example 108 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l -methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 - yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 4,4-dimethyl- 1,10- diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6] dodeca-2(6),7-dien-9-one 108

[0611] To a solution of 4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-

[0612] 6-oxo-l ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2- {4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo- 1 , 10-diazatricyclo-[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca- 2(6),7-dien-10-yl}nicotinaldehyde 108b (400 mg, 0.62 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) at 0°C was added sodium borohydride (70 mg, 1.86 mmol) and stirred for 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (1.0 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 108 (170 mg, 42 %). LCMS : [M+H]+651.4. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.63 (d, J=2.0, IH), 8.48 (d, J= 5.0, IH), 7.92 (d, J= 2.5, IH), 7.82 (d, J= 2.5, IH), 7.78 (s, IH), 7.36 (d, J= 5.0,1H), 7.27-7.25 (m, IH), 6.84 (s, IH), 6.81 (d, J= 9.5, IH), 5.05 (t, J= 6.5, IH), 4.72-4.64 (m, 5H), 4.51-4.48 (m, IH), 4.34-4.32 (m,lH), 4.15 (d, J= 4.5, 2H), 3.87-3.84 (m, IH), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.59-3.54 (m, IH), 3.16-3.14 (m, 4H), 2.58-2.50 (m, 8H), 1.27(s, 6H)

[0613] Example 109a 4-Chloro-2-{4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-7-thia-10- azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-l(8),2(6)-dien-10-yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 109a

[0614] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 2-bromo-4-chloronicotinaldehyde 103a (660 mg, 3.0 mmol), 4,4-dimethyl-7-thia-10-azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-l(8),2(6)-dien-9-one 106h (665 mg, 3.0 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (270 mg, 0.3 mmol), XantPhos (340 mg, 0.6 mmol), Cs2C03(2.0 g, 6.0 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 90°C for 5 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and theresulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane to afford 109a as yellow solid (105 mg, 14%). MS: [M+H]+361.

[0615] Example 109b 4-(l -Methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)- 2- {4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-7-thia- 10- azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]-dodeca-l(8),2(6)-dien-10-yl}nicotinaldehyde 109b

[0616] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 109a (75 mg, 0.2 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin- 2(lH)-one 1011 (94 mg, 0.2 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(17 mg, 0.02 mmol), K3P04.3H20 (140 mg, 0.6 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (10 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at reflux for 4 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (40: 1) to 109b as yellow solid (60 mg, 47%). MS: [M+H]+666.

[0617] Example 109 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 4,4- dimethyl-7-thia-10-azatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-l(8),2(6)-dien-9-one 109

[0618] To a solution of 109b (60 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) at 0°C was added sodium borohydride (11 mg, 0.3 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (0.3 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 109 (14 mg, 24%>) as a brown solid. LCMS: [M+H]+668. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.60 (d, J=2.5, IH), 8.48 (d, J=5.0, IH), 8.42 (s, IH), 7.85(d, J=3.0, IH), 7.44 (d, J=2.0, IH), 7.34-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=9.0, IH), 4.94 (t, J=5.0, IH), 4.55 (t, J=7.0, 2H), 4.39-4.46 (m, 4H), 4.14-4.19 (m, IH), 3.79-3.83 (m, IH), 3.59(s, 3H), 3.42-3.44 (m, IH), 3.00-3.07 (m, 5H), 2.85-2.90 (m, IH), 2.76 (s, 2H), 2.52-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.39 (m, 4H), 1.21(d, J=6.5, 6H)

[0619] Example 110a 1 -Methyl-3 -(6-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5 -

[0620] (4,4,5 ,5-tetramethyl- 1 ,3 ,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2( 1 H)-one 110a

[0621] A 250-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser was charged with 5-bromo- 1 -methyl-3-(6-(4-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one (0.45 g, 1.08 mmol), (PinB)2(1.37 g, 5.4 mmol), Pd2(dba)3(49 mg, 0.054 mmol), X-Phos (52 mg 0.11 mmol), KOAc(318 mg, 3.24 mmol), 1, 4-dioxane 20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the reaction mixture was heated at 60°C for 15 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure to afford crude 110a, which was used directly in the next reaction. MS: [M+H]+426.

[0622] Example 110b 4-(l-Methyl-5-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)- 6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)nicotinaldehyde 110b

[0623] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 4-chloro-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino-[l,2- a]indol-2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 103b (377mg, 1.15 mmol), 110a (320 mg, 0.78 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(130 mg, 0.16 mmol), K3P04.3H20 (52.9 mg, 0.23 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at reflux overnight, cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (40: 1) to afford 110b as yellow solid (351 mg, 76%). MS: [M+H]+593.

[0624] Example 110 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-l- yl)pyridine-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 110

[0625] To the solution of 110b (60 mg, 0.1 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added sodium borohydride (11.5 mg, 0.3 mmol) at 0 °C and the mixture was stirred for another 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (3 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 110 (26.2 mg, 49%). LCMS: [M+H]+595. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.69 (d, J= 1.5, 1H), 8.46 (d, J= 5.0, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.34 (d, J= 1.5, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.22 (d, J= 8.0, 1H), 6.15 (d, J= 8.5, 1H), 5.10 (t, J= 6.5, 1H), 4.66-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.51-4.30 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.89(m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.58-3.48 (m, 4H), 2.61-2.56(m, 7H), 2.47-2.39 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.78 (d, J= 5.0, 3H)

[0626] Example 111a (6-Aminopyridin-3 -yl)(morpholino)methanone 111a

[0627] Ilia

[0628] To a solution of morpholine (9.00 g, 103 mmol) in EtOH (400 mL) was added EDCI (10.0 g, 52.2 mmol), HOBt (7.00 g 51.8 mmol), and 6-aminonicotinic acid (6.00 g, 43.4 mmol). After stirring for 18 h, the resulting suspension was filtered. The solid was trituratedwith a mixture of MeOH (100 mL) and methylene chloride (100 mL) to afford 111a as a white solid (2.7 g, 30%). LCMS: (M+H)+208

[0629] Example 111b 5 -Bromo- 1 -methyl-3 -(5 -(morpholine-4-carbonyl)pyridin-2- ylamino)pyridine-2(lH)-one 111b

[0631] lllb

[0632] Following the procedure described for synthesis of lOli, intermediate 111a and 3,5- dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one were reacted to give lllb in 21% yield. LCMS:

[0633] (M+H)+394. 1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.84 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=2, 1H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=2, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.5, 1H), 3.72 (m, 8H), 3.63 (s, 3H).

[0634] Example 111c 1 -Methyl-3 -(5 -(morpholine-4-carbonyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5 -

[0635] (4,4,5 ,5-tetramethyl- 1 ,3 ,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2( 1 H)-one 111c

[0636] A 250-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser was charged with lllb (1.0 g, 0.25 mmol), X-phos (120 mg, 0.025 mmol), Pd2(dba)3(110 g, 0.0125 mmol), KOAc (750 mg, 0.75 mmol), 4,4,4,,4,,5,5,5*,5*-octamethyl- 2,2'-bi(l,3,2-dioxaborolane) (3.2g, 1.25mmol) and 1 ,4-dioxane (50 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 15 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 5 : 1 petroleum ether / ethyl acetate to afford 111c as a yellow solid (700 mg, 63%). MS: [M+H]+441.

[0637] Example 11 Id 4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-

[0638] 6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)nicotinaldehyde 111 d

[0639] A 250-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser was charged with 111c (450 mg, 1.26 mmol), 4-chloro-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 103b (413 mg, 1.26 mmol),

[0640] Pd(dppf)Cl2(102 mg, 0.126 mmol), K3P04.3H20 (85 mg, 0.352 mmol), and THF (10 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the reaction mixture was heated at 100°C for 15 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatographyeluting with 7: 1 petroleum ether / ethyl acetate to afford llld as a yellow solid (700 mg, 63%). MS: [M+H]+608.

[0641] Example 111 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(morpholine-4- carbonyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6, 7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 111

[0642] A mixture of llld (60 mg, 0.05 mmol), NaBH4(6.4mg, O.lmmol) and MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 30mins. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to give 111 (27 mg, 44%). LCMS: [M+H]+610. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=5, 1H), 8.26 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 7.65-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 6.58 (s,lH), 4.96 (t, J=5, 1H), 4.40-4.46 (m, 2H), 4.11-4.24 (m, 3H), 3.86-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.62 (m, 8H), 3.50 (s, 4H), 2.62-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.47 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.80 (m, 4H)

[0643] Example 112a Methyl 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroindolizine-2-carboxylate 112a

[0645] 112a

[0646] A 500-mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine-2-carboxylic acid (30.4 g, 184 mmol), DMF (1.00 g, 13.6 mmol) and methylene chloride (300 mL). The solution was cooled to 0 °C using an ice bath. Oxalyl chloride (28.0 g, 221 mmol) was added dropwise, and the reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature over 30 min and stirred for 5 h. After this time, the resulting solution was concentrated to afford a brown solid. This solid was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (400 mL), and the solution was cooled to 0 °C. Triethylamine (57 g, 552 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture, and it was stirred for a further 2 h at room temperature. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with methylene chloride (300 mL) and washed with water (200 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was titrated with hexane (200 mL) to afford 112a in 58% yield (19.1 g) as a white solid: mp 72-74 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.13 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H),3.93 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.75 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 2H); (APCI+) m / z 180.1 (M+H)

[0647] Example 112b Methyl 3-(Cyanomethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine-2- carboxylate 112b

[0648] 112b

[0649] A 500-mL three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with an addition funnel, thermometer and charged with 112a (6.70 g, 37.4 mmol), Iodoacetonitrile (12.5 g, 74.9 mmol), iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (5.20 g, 18.7 mmol) and dimethyl sulfoxide (250 mL). Hydrogen peroxide (35%, 18.2 g, 187 mmol) was added dropwise to the mixture in 1 h through a syringe pump at room temperature using a water bath. Iron (II) sulfate

[0650] heptahydrate (2 to 3 equivalent) was added to the reaction mixture in portions to keep the temperature between 25 °C to 35 °C, until the color of the reaction mixture is deep red. If TLC shows the reaction not completed, then more hydrogen peroxide (2-3 equivalent) and more iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (1-2 equivalent) are added in the same manner until the reaction is completed. After that time, the reaction mixture was partitioned between saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (400 mL). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated Sodium thiosulfate solution (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford a 78% yield (6.40 g) of 112b as a yellow oil: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCls) δ 6.23 (s, 1H), 4.23 (s, 2H), 3.94 (t, 2H, J = 6.5 Hz), 3.81 (s, 3H), 2.74 (t, 2H, J = 6.5 Hz), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 2H); (APCI+) m / z 219.3 (M+H)

[0651] Example 112c Methyl 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine-2- carboxylate Hydrogen Chloride Salt 112c

[0653] Methyl 3-(Cyanomethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine-2-carboxylate 112b was hydrogenated with platinum oxide catalyst under 50 psi of hydrogen in ethanol and ethylacetate in the presence of hydrogen chloride overnight at room temperature to give 112c (380 mg, 1.74 mmol) which was used directly in the next step.

[0654] 3,4,6,7, 8,9-Hexahydropyrido[3,4-¾]indolizin-l(2H)-one 112d

[0655] 112d

[0656] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with methyl 3-(2-aminoethyl)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydroindolizine-2-carboxylate hydrogen chloride salt 112c (prepared above, estimated 1.74 mmol, presuming quantitative yield), sodium ethoxide (354 mg, 5.22 mmol) and ethanol (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at 55 °C for 5 h. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford a 67% yield (220 mg) of 112d as a white solid: mp 195-197 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-6) δ 6.76 (s, 1H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 3.78 (t, 2H, J = 6.5 Hz), 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.66 (m, 4H),1.87 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H); (APCI+) m / z 191.3 (M+H)

[0657] Example 112e 3-Bromo-5-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrido[3,4- b]indolizin-2(lH)-yl)isonicotinaldehyde 112e

[0658] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 3,5-dibromoisonicotinaldehyde (400mg, 1.5 mmol), 112d (142 mg, 0.76 mmol) and cesium carbonate (176 mg, 1.5 mmol). Xantphos (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (70 mg, 0.08 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 5 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified on flash column eluting with DCM:MeOH (20: 1) to afford 112e (200 mg, 70%). MS: [M+H]

[0659] Example 112f 3-(l -Methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-5-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrido[3,4- b]indolizin-2(lH)-yl)isonicotinaldehyde 112f

[0660] A sealed tube was charged with 112e (200 mg, 0.53 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-

[0661] 3-yl) piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine-2(lH)-one 1011 (240 mg, 0.51 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (42 mg, 0.05 mmol), K3P04(230 mg, 1 mmol), and NaOAc (80 mg, 1 mmol) in CH3CN (5 mL) and H20 (1.5 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2.The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 10: 1 of DCM / MeOH to afford 112f (138 mg, 40%) as a pale yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+635.

[0662] Example 112 2-(4-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 -yl)pyridin-3 -yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrido[3,4-b]indolizin-l(2H)-one 112

[0663] A mixture of 112f (130 mg, 0.20 mmol) and NaBH4 (20 mg, 0.5 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h. The mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 112 (48 mg, 34%). LCMS: [M+H]+:637. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.58 (s,lH), 8.48 (s, 1H), 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=2.4, 1H), 7.37-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.21 (m, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 5.02 (s, 1H), 4.54 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 4.45 (t, J=5.5, 2H), 4.36-4.35 (m, 2H), 4.00-3.79 (m, 4H), 3.59 (s, 3H) , 3.43-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.96 (m, 6H), 2.70 (t, J=6.0, 2H) , 2.39-2.38 (m, 4H), 1.92-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.73 (m, 2H).

[0664] Exam le 113a (3-Nitro-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol 113a

[0665] 113a

[0666] A 3-L three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, addition funnel and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with 3-nitropyrazole-5- carboxylic acid (28.0 g, 178 mmol) and THF (420 mL) and cooled to -5 °C using an ice / acetone bath. Borane-THF complex solution (1.0 M, 535 mL, 535 mmol) was added at a rate that maintained the internal reaction temperature below 5 °C. After the addition was complete the cooling bath was removed and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to -5 °C using an ice / acetone bath, water (70 mL) and 4N hydrochloric acid (70 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred at reflux for 1 h in order to destroy the borane complex with pyrazole. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of approximately 30 mL.Ethyl acetate (175 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 15 min. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate, the drying agent was removed by filtration, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (3-nitro-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol 113a in a 94% yield (24.0 g) as a light yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-6) δ 13.90 (br s, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.58 (t, 1H, J= 5.4 Hz), 4.53(d, 2H, J= 5.1 Hz); MS (ESI+) m / z 144.0 (M+H)

[0667] Exam le 113b (l-(2-Bromoethyl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol 113b

[0668] 113b

[0669] A 1-L three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and thermoregulator was purged with nitrogen and charged with 113a (25.0 g, 175 mmol), DMF (250 mL), and cesium carbonate (70.0 g, 215 mmol) was heated at 104 °C for 5 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0 °C using an ice / acetone bath and dibromoethane (329 g, 1.75 mol) was added portionwise (no exotherm). The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 1 then at room temperature for 4 h. After this time a solution of KH2P04 (40 g) in water (400 mL) was added slowly. The reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Ethyl acetate (450 mL) was added and the aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (200 mL), brine (200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and the drying agent was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford an 86% yield (37.5 g) of crude

[0670] 113b as an orange oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.82 (d, 2H, J= 5.4 Hz), 4.66 (t, 2H, J= 6.3 Hz), 3.83 (t, 2H, J= 6.3 Hz); MS (ESI+) m / z 249.9 (M+H).

[0671] Exam le 113c l-(2-Bromoethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrazole 113c

[0672] 113c

[0673] A 500-mL three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, nitrogen inlet and reflux condenser was purged with nitrogen and charged with 113b (37.0 g, 148 mmol) and chloroform (160 mL). The reaction was cooled to -5 °C using an ice / acetone bath and phosphorous tribromide (40.0 g, 148 mmol) was added portionwise. The coolingbath was removed and the reaction stirred at reflux for 2 h. After this time, the reaction was cooled to -5 °C and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (250 mL) was added until a pH of 8.5 was reached. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 150 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (2 x 50 mL), brine (75 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and the drying agent was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a yellow residue that was dissolved with gentle heating in methylene chloride (60 mL). Hexanes (approximately 20 mL) was added and the solution became cloudy. The mixture was heated until a solid precipitate formed, methylene chloride (9 mL) was added and the solution became clear. The solution was left to cool to room temperature and after 4 h the resulting crystals were collected by vacuum filtration. The filter cake was washed with a ice cold 1 :2 mixture of methylene chloride: hexanes (2 x 20 mL) to afford l-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro-lH- pyrazole (19.7 g). The combined filtrates were evaporated and the procedure was performed again to afford an additional 9.70 g of l-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(bromo-methyl)-3-nitro-lH- pyrazole. The solids were combined and dried under high vacuum for 18 h to afford a 57% yield (26.0 g) of l-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrazole 113c as white crystals: mp 95-97 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.63 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.86 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz).

[0674] Example 113d 5-Methyl-2-nitro-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazine 113d

[0675] 113d

[0676] A 1-L single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with THF (350 mL), 113c (10.0 g, 32.2 mmol), 2M methylamine solution in THF (113 mL, 225 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 72 h. After this time the reaction was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, and the resulting solid was stirred with a mixture of ethyl acetate (75 mL) and 10% aqueous potassium carbonate (75 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 75 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with 10%> aqueous potassium carbonate (75 mL), followed by brine (50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 113d in 97% yield(5.70 g) as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 6.62 (s, 1H), 4.28 (t, 2H, J= 5.4 Hz), 3.67 (s, 2H), 2.95 (t, 2H, J= 5.4 Hz), 2.52 (s, 3H); MS (ESI+) m / z 183.0 (M+H)

[0677] Example 113e 5-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2-amine

[0678] 113e

[0679] 113e

[0680] A 500-mL Parr reactor bottle was purged with nitrogen and charged with 10% palladium on carbon (50% wet, 800 mg dry weight) and a solution of 113d (4.00 g, 2.20 mmol) in ethanol (160 mL). The bottle was attached to Parr hydrogenator, evacuated, charged with hydrogen gas to a pressure of 45 psi and shaken for 2 h. After this time, the hydrogen was evacuated, and nitrogen was charged into the bottle. CELITE® 521 (1.0 g) was added, and the mixture was filtered through a pad of CELITE® 521. The filter cake was washed with ethanol (2 x 75 mL), and the combined filtrates were concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to afford a 99% yield of 113e (3.31 g) as an orange solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 5.34 (s, 1H), 3.98 (t, 2H, J= 5.4 Hz), 3.52 (s, 3H), 2.84 (t, 2H, J= 5.7 Hz), 2.45 (s, 3H); MS (ESI+) m / z 153.1 (M+H)

[0681] Example 113f 5-Bromo-l-methyl-3-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5- a]pyraz -2- ylamino) pyridin-2(lH)-one 113f

[0683] A sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 113e (1.02 g, 6.7 mmol), 3,5-dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (2.15 g, 8.1 mmol), Pd2(dba)3(610 mg, 0.67mmol), 2,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l,l-binaphthyl (775 mg, 1.34 mmol), cesium carbonate (4.37 g, 13.6 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (30 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 110°C for 2 h. It was then filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (15: 1, V / V) to afford 113f (380 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H]+338Example 113g 2-(4-chloro-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 113g

[0685] H3g

[0686] To a solution of 4-chloro-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)nicotinaldehyde 103b (1.0 g, 3.0 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added sodium

[0687] borohydride (380 mg, 9.0 mmol) at 10 °C and the mixture was stirred for another 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (1 mL) and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and washed with water (10 mL). The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2S04, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford 113g as a yellow solid (900 mg, 90%). MS: [M+H]+332.

[0688] Example 113h (4-Chloro-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)pyridine-3-yl)methyl acetate 113h

[0690] 113h

[0691] To a mixture of 113g (900 mg, 2.7 mol) and triethylamine (900 mg, 9.0 mol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added dropwise acetyl chloride (600 mg, 6.0 mol) while stirring at room temperature and stirred for another 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane to afford 113h as white solid (950 mg, 94%). MS: [M+H]+374.

[0692] Example 113i (2-(l-Oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)-4-( -tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl acetate 113i

[0694] 113i

[0695] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 113h (950 mg, 2.5 mmol), Pin2B2(1.6 g, 2.0 eq., 5 mmol),Pd2(dba)3(230 mg, 0.1 eq., 0.25 mmol), X-phos (232 mg, 0.2 eq., 0.5 mmol), AcOK (735 mg, 3 eq., 7.5 mmol) and dioxane (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated to 65 °C for 14 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was washed by

[0696] PE / EA=3 / 1 (10 mL) to afford 113i as yellow solid (950 mg, 87%). MS: [M+H]+383.

[0697] Example 113j (4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5- a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl acetate 113j

[0699] A sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 113f (190 mg, 0.56 mmol), 113i (215 mg, 0.56 mmol), Pd (dppf)Cl2(47 mg, 0.056 mmol), 1.0 M NaOAc (93 mg, 1.12 mmol, 2.0 equiv), 1.0 M K3P04(240 mg, 1.12 mmol, 2.0 equiv), and acetonitrile (3 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 110°C for 2 h. It was then filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (10: 1, V / V) to afford 113j (300 mg, 94%) as a brown solid. LCMS: [M+H]+597

[0700] Example 113 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3 ,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 113

[0701] A mixture of 113j (300 mg, 0.50 mmol) and LiOH H20 (120mg, 2.50 mmol) in

[0702] 'PrOH / THF (1 : 1, 3 mL) and H20 (1 mL) was stirred at 30 °C for 2 h. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 113 (91 mg, 32%) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H]+555. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.47 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 5.69 (s,lH), 5.01-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.61-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.49 (m, 1H), 4.32-4.33 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.07 (m, 4H), 3.86-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.69 (s,3H), 3.60-3.59 (m, 2H), 2.88 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 2.61-2.56 (m, 4H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.79 (m, 2H)

[0703] Example 1 14a (i?)-5-bromo-3-(4-(l ,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2- yl)phenylamino)-l-methylpyrazin -2(lH)-one 114a

[0705] 114a

[0706] A sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with (i?)-3-(4- aminophenyl)-l ,4-dimethylpiperazin-2-one (1.08 g, 5 mmol), 3,5-dibromo-l-methylpyridin- 2(lH)-one (1.47 g, 5.5 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (1.94 g, 15 mmol), and 'PrOH (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 1 10 °C overnight. After cooling down to room temperature, water (20 mL) was added to, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL X 2). The organic layer was separated, combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (10: 1 , V / V) to afford 114a (1.8 g, 90%) as a red solid. LCMS: [M+H]+406

[0707] Example 1 14b (i?)-(4-(6-(4-(l ,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2-yl)phenylamino)-

[0708] 4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazin-2-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l ,2- a]indol- -yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl acetate 114b

[0710] 114b

[0711] A sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 114a (228 mg, 0.56 mmol), 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2- (l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l ,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid 113i (215 mg, 0.56 mmol), Pd (dppfjCb (47 mg, 0.056 mmol), 1.0 M NaOAc (93 mg, 1.12 mmol, 2.0 equiv), 1.0 M K3P04(240 mg, 1.12 mmol, 2.0 equiv), and acetonitrile (3 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at110°C for 2 h. It was then filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (10: 1, V / V) to 114b (360 mg, 96%) as a brown solid. LCMS: [M+H]+665.

[0712] Example 114 (i?)-2-(4-(6-(4-(l ,4-dimethyl-3-oxopiperazin-2- yl)phenylamino)-4-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazin-2-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3 ,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 114

[0713] A mixture of 114b (360 mg, 0.54 mmol) and LiOH H20 (138mg, 2.76 mmol) in 'PrOH / THF (1 : 1, 3 mL) and H20 (1 mL) was stirred at 30 °C for 2 h. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 114 (72 mg, 21%) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H]+623.!Η ΝΜΚ (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.53 (d, J=4.5, 1H), 8.31 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.78 (m, 3H), 7.36 (d, J=8.0, 2H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 5.12-5.14 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.49-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.01-3.03 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.56 (m, 5H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.80 (m, 2H)

[0714] Example 115a 5 -Bromo- 1 -methyl-3 -(5 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazol-3 -ylamino)pyridin-

[0715] 2(lH)-o

[0717] 115a

[0718] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 5 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazol-3 -amine (1 g, 10 mmol) (1), 3,5-dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (4 g, 15 mmol) (2), and cesium carbonate (6.4 g, 20 mmol). Xantphos (400 mg, 0.8 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3(700 mg, 0.8 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 5 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified on flash column eluting with DCM:MeOH (20: 1) to afford 115a (1.0 g, 35%). MS: [M+H]+283.Example 115b 4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-methyl-lH-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-6- dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)nicotinaldehyde 115b

[0720] 115b

[0721] A sealed tube was charged with 115a (280 mg, 1 mmol), 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid 113i (420 mg, 1.1 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (41 mg, 0.056 mmol), K3P04(100 mg), and NaOAc (50 mg) in CH3CN (10 mL) and H20 (3 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 10: 1 of DCM / MeOH to afford 115b in 35% yield (190 mg) as a pale yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+542.

[0722] Example 115 2-(3 -(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5 -(5 -methyl- lH-pyrazol-3 - ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2- a]indol-l(2H)-one 115

[0723] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask was charged with 115b (190 mg, 0.35mol) in THF / iPA / H20 (5 mL / 5 mL / 2 mL) and LiOH (85 mg, 3.5 mmol) while stirring. This mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 0.5 h. Then 20 mL H20 was added and the mixture was extracted with EA (30 mL X 3). The combined organic layer was dried over Na2S04and concentrated to give a yellow solid, which was further purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 115 as a white solid (48 mg, 30% yield). LCMS: [M+H]+500. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.44 (d, J=6.0, 1H), 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=6.0, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 4.59-3.86 (m, 7H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.57-2.56 (m, 4H) , 2.25 (s, 3H) 1.88-1.77 (m, 4H)

[0724] 2 7

[0725] Example 116a 3-Bromo-5-{6-oxo-8-thia-4,5-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0 ' ]trideca- l(9),2(7),3-trien-5-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 116a

[0726] 116a

[0727] To a 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 3,5-dibromoisonicotinaldehyde (200 mg, 0.76 mmol), 8-thia-4,5-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02'7]trideca-l(9),2(7),3-trien-6-one 191d (160 mg, 0.76 mmol), and cesium carbonate (176 mg, 1.5 mmol). Cuprous iodide Cul (100 mg, 0.76 mmol) and 4,7-dimethoxy-l,10-phenanthroline (127 mg, 0.52 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 5 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified on flash column eluting with EtOAC / PE (1 :2) to afford 116a (80 mg, 30%). MS: [M+H]+390.

[0728] Example 116b 3-[ 1 -Methyl-5-( {5-[4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl]pyridine-2- yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5-{6-oxo-8-thia-4,5-

[0729] 2 7

[0730] diazatri ' ]trideca-l(9),2(7),3-trien-5-yl}pyridine-4-carbaldehyde 116b

[0731] A sealed tube was charged with 116a (80 mg, 0.20 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-

[0732] 3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011 (96 mg, 0.20 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (18 mg, 0.02 mmol), K3P04(30 mg), and NaOAc (20 mg) in CH CN (5 mL) and H20 (1 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 10: 1 of

[0733] DCM / MeOH to afford 116b in 35% yield (46 mg). MS: [M+H]+651.

[0734] Example 116 4-Hydroxymethyl-3- [ 1 -methyl-5 -( {5 - [4-(oxetan-3 -yl)piperazin- l-yl]pyridine-2-yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-5-{6-oxo-8-thia-4,5- diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02'7]trideca-l(9),2(7),3-trien-5-yl}pyridine 116To a solution of 116b (46 mg, 0.07 mmol) at 0°C in methanol (4 mL) was added sodium borohydride (20 mg, 0.7 mmol) and stirred for 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (1.0 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse- phase prep-HPLC to afford 116 (12 mg, 28 %) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H]+653. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.60 (s,lH), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.56 (d, J=2.0 ,1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=3.0, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.22 (m, 1H), 4.90 (m, 1H), 4.56-4.53 (m, 2H), 4.46-4.44 (m, 4H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.06 (t, J=4.5, 4H), 2.94-2.93(m, 2H), 2.85-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.38(t, J=4.0, 4H), 1.89-1.84 (m, 4H)

[0735] 5-(Methylthio)-2-nitropyridine 117a

[0736] 117a

[0737] To a mixture of 5-chloro-2-nitropyridine (3 g, 18 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL), sodium methanethiolate (1.4 g, 20 mmol) was added at 0 °C and the mixture stirred at 20 °C for 2 hours. The resulting suspension was filtered and washed with water, and dried in vacuum to afford crude 117a as a yellow solid (2 g, 66%) without purification for next step. MS:

[0738] [M+H]+171.

[0739] 5 -(Methylsulfonyl)-2-nitropyridine 117b

[0740] 117b

[0741] To a mixture of 117a (260 mg, 0.5 mmol) in acetic acid (15 mL) was added Η202(aq. 30%) (7.5 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 25 °C. The reaction solution was poured into water and extracted with EtOAC and concentrated to a pale yellow liquid, purified by silica gel with (EtOAC / PE: 1 :3) to give 117b (2 g, 86%). MS: [M+H]+203.

[0742] Example 117c 5-(Methylsulfonyl)pyridin-2-amine 117c

[0743] 117c

[0744] A mixture of 117b (2 g, 10 mmol), MeOH (10 mL), Pd / C (120 mg) in methanol (8 mL) was stirred f at 25 °C under H2(50 Psi) overnight. The Pd / C was removed by filtrationand the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 117c (1.7 g, 98%). MS: [M+H]+173.

[0745] Example 117d 5 -Bromo- 1 -methyl-3 -(5 -(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-2- ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one 117d

[0747] 117d

[0748] A 250-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 117c (1.7 g, 10 mmol), 3,5- dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (5.2 g, 20 mmol) and cesium carbonate (6.4 g, 20 mmol). Xantphos (300 mg, 0.8 mmol) and Pd2(dba)3 (500 mg, 0.8 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 5 h (hours). After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature. The mixture was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on flash column eluting with DCM:MeOH (20: 1) to afford 117d(l g, 30%). MS: [M+H]+358.

[0749] Example 117e (4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)pyridine-3-yl)methyl acetate 117e

[0751] 117e

[0752] A sealed tube was charged with 117d (100 mg, 0.28 mmol), 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l- oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid 113i (115 mg, 0.3 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (25 mg, 0.03 mmol), K3P04(126 mg, 0.6 mmol), and NaOAc (60 mg, 0.6 mmol) in MeCN (8 mL) and H20 (1 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and theresulting residue was purified by silica gel flash column eluting with DCM:MeOH (20: 1) to afford 117e (100 mg, 40%). MS: [M+H]+617.

[0753] Example 117 2-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5- (methylsulfonyl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 -yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3 ,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydro-pyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 117

[0754] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask compound was charged with 117e (100 mg, 0.2 mol) in THF / iPA / H20 (5 mL / 5 mL / 2 mL) and LiOH (50 mg, 2 mmol) while stirring. This mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 0.5 h. Then 20 mL H20 was added and the mixture was extracted with EA (30 mL X 3). The combined organic layer was dried over Na2S04and concentrated to give a yellow solid, which was further purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 117 as a white solid (72 mg, 90% yield). MS: [M+H]+575. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.84 (d, J=2.0,1H), 8.60 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 7.98 (dd, J=2.5, 4.0, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=2.4, 1H), 7.49-7.47 (d, J=9.0, 1H), 7.38-7.37 (m, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 4.99 (t, J=4.5, 1H), 4.47-4.39 (m, 2H), 4.26-4.11 (m, 3H), 3.88-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 2.66-2.54 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.46 (m, 2H) , 1.79-1.66 (m, 4H)

[0755] Example 118a tert- utyl 5 -Amino-3 -cyclopropyl- 1 H-pyrazole- 1 -carboxylate

[0756] 118a

[0757] 118a

[0758] To a mixture of 3 -cyclopropyl- lH-pyrazol-5 -amine (0.25 g, 2 mmol) and K2CO3(0.828 g, 6 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added (Boc)20 (0.436g, 2 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. It was then filtered and

[0759] concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column eluting with 6: 1 petroleum

[0760] ether / ethyl acetate to afford 118a as a white solid (240 mg, 54%). LCMS: (M-Boc)+124.

[0761] Example 118b 5 -Bromo-3 -(3 -cyclopropyl- lH-pyrazol-5-ylamino)- 1 - methylpyridin-2(lH)-one 118b

[0763] 118bA 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 118a (455 mg, 1.95 mmol), 3,5- dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (0.40 g, 1.5 mmol), and cesium carbonate (1.22 g, 3.75 mmol). After bubbling nitrogen through the resulting mixture for 30 minutes, XantPhos (87 mg, 0.15 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (70 mg, 0.075 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 15 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature, partitioned between ethyl acetate (30 mL) and water (30 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 2). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on flash column eluting with 50: 1 DCM / MeOH to afford 118b as a yellow solid (320 mg, 50%). LCMS: (M+H)+309. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.85 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 2.5, 1H), 7.35 (d, J = 2.5, 1H), 5.77 (d, J = 2, 1H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 0.90 (m, 2H), 0.64 (m, 2H)

[0764] Example 118c (4-(5-(5-Cyclopropyl-lH-pyrazol-3-ylamino)-l-methyl-6-oxo- l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)pyridine-3-yl)methyl acetate 118c

[0766] 118c

[0767] A sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 118b (310 mg, 1 mmol), 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)pyridine-4-ylboronic acid 113i (385 mg, 1 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(80 mg, 0.1 mmol), K3PO4(424 mg, 2 mmol), NaOAc (165 mg, 2 mmol), CH3CN (15 mL), and water (1 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 110 °C for 3 h. It was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (50: 1, V / V) to afford 118c (400 mg, 68%) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H]+569

[0768] Example 118 2-(4-(5-(5-Cyclopropyl-l H-pyrazol-3-ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6- oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6, 7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 118A mixture of 118c (350 mg, 0.62 mmol) and LiOH H20 (260 mg, 6.2 mmol) in 'PrOH / THF (1 : 1, 3 mL) and H20 (1 mL) was stirred at 30 °C for 1 h. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 118 (200 mg, 54%) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H]+526.!Η ΝΜΚ (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.83 (s, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=5, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=2, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=2, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=5, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 5.81 (d, J=2, 1H), 4.95 (t, J=5, 1H), 4.49-4.51 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.19-4.21 (m, 3H), 3.85-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.61-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.49 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.71 (m, 2H), 0.88-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.63-0.64 (m, 2H)

[0769] Example 119a (S)-(4-(l -Methyl-5-(5-(2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 - yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl acetate 119a

[0771] 119a

[0772] Following the procedures as described for 118c, (2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol-2( 1 H)-yl)-4-(4,4, 5 ,5-tetramethyl- 1 ,3 ,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl acetate 113i (250 mg) and (5)-5-bromo-l-methyl-3-(3-methyl-5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one 130e (233 mg) were reacted to give 119a as a yellow solid (230 mg, 62%). LCMS: [M+H]+693

[0773] Example 119 (5)-2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 -yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3 ,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 119

[0774] Following the procedures as described for 118, acetate hydrolysis of 119a with LiOH H20 in 'PrOH / THF (1 : 1) and H20, gave 119 as a white solid (184 mg, 85%). LCMS: [M+H]+651. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.65 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=7.0, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=9.0, 1H), 5.04-5.06 (m, 1H), 4.62-4.73 (m, 5H), 4.51 (s, 1H), 4.32 (s, 1H), 4.16 (s,1H), 4.11 (s, 1H), 3.89 (s, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.57 (t, J=6.0, 1H), 3.48 (s, 1H), 3.07-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.63 (m, 7H), 2.24 (m,lH), 1.88-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 2H), 0.99 (d, J=6.5, 3H).

[0775] Example 120a 5-Bromo-3-(5-(4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)piperazin- 1 - yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one 120a

[0777] 120a

[0778] A sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 5-bromo-l-methyl- 3-(5-(piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one lOlj (500 mg, 1.37 mmol), 2,2- dimethyloxirane (990 mg, 13.7 mmol), Cs2C03(1.3 g, 4.11 mmol), and CH3CN (15 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 110°C for 15 h. It was then filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuum. Crude 120a thus obtained was used in the next step without further purification (460 mg, 77%). LCMS: [M+H]+437.

[0779] Example 120b (4-(5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l -oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl acetate 120b

[0781] Following the procedures as described for preparation of 118c, reaction of 120a (435 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid 113i (383 mg, 1 mmol) gave 120b (437 mg, 63%). LCMS: [M+H]+696.Example 120 2-(4-(5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)piperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-l-methyl-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridm yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 120

[0782] Following the procedures as described for the preparation of 118, acetate hydrolysis of 120b (70 mg, 0.1 mmol) with LiOH H20 in 'PrOH / THF (1 : 1 ) and H20, gave 120 (27 mg, 42%) as a gray solid. LCMS: [M+H]+653. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.61 (d, J=3, IH), 8.50 (d, J=5, IH), 8.41 (s, IH), 7.83 (d, J=3, IH), 7.46 (d, J=2, IH), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, J=9,1H), 6.58 (s, IH), 4.95 (m, IH), 4.44 (m, 2H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 4.13 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.88 (m, IH), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.03-3.05 (m, 4H), 2.64-2.66 (m, 5H), 2.61-2.63 (m, IH), 2.49-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.24 (s, 2H), 1.70-1.71 (m, 4H), 1.10 (s, 6H).

[0783] Example 121a 4-(l -Methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 121a

[0784] A flask was charged with 4-chloro-2-(l-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 103b (88 mg, 0.27 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin- 2(lH)-one 1011 (125 mg, 0.27 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (18 mg, 0.02 mmol), K3P04(30 mg), in THF (5 mL) and H20 (1 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 4 h, and then cooled to room temperature. It was then filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 10: 1 of DCM / MeOH to afford 121a (90 mg, 56%) as a yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+633.

[0785] Example 121 2-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridine-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-6,^ tetrahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 121

[0786] At 0 °C, to a suspension of 121a (76 mg, 0.12 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) was added sodium borohydride (20 mg, 0.7 mmol) and stirred for 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (1.0 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse- phase prep-HPLC to afford 121 (56 mg, 74 %). LCMS: [M+H]+635. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.66 (d, J=2.0, IH), 8.57 (d, J=5.0, IH), 7.93 (d, J=3.0, IH), 7.85 (d, J=2.5, IH), 7.80 (s, IH), 7.50 (d, J=5.0, IH), 7.24-7.27 (m, IH), 7.06 (s, IH), 6.97 (d, J=6.0, IH), 6.81 (d, J=8.0, IH), 6.67 (d, J=6.0, IH), 5.08 (d, J=11.5, IH), 4.67-4.72 (m, 4H), 4.51 (d, J=12.0, IH), 4.35 (t, J=12.0, IH), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.57-3.59 (m, IH), 3.16-3.17 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.74 (m, 4H), 2.52-2.53 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.86(m, 2H).Example 122a (2R, 55)-tert-Butyl 2,5-Dimethyl-4-(6-nitropyridin-3- yl)piperazine-l-carboxylate 122a

[0787] 122a

[0788] Following the procedures as described for compound lOlg, (2R, 55)-tert-butyl-2,5- dimethylpiperazine-l-carboxylate (1.5 g, 6.0 mmol), and 5-bromo-2-nitropyridine (1212 mg, 6.0 mmol) were reacted to give 122a as a yellow solid (1500 mg, 75%). LCMS: [M+H]+337

[0789] Example 122b (2R, JS)-tert-Butyl 4-(6-Aminopyridin-3-yl)-2,5- dimethylpiperazine- 1 -carboxylate 122b

[0791] Following the procedures as described for compound lOlh, reaction of 122a (1.5 g, 4.46 mmol) afforded 122b as a yellow solid (1130 mg, 83%). LCMS: [M+H]+307

[0792] Example 122c (2R, 5S)-tert Butyl 4-(6-(5-Bromo-l-methyl-2-oxo-l,2- dihydropyridin-3-ylamino)pyridin-3-yl)-2,5-dimethylpiperazine-l -carboxylate 122c

[0794] 122c

[0795] Following the procedures as described for compound lOli, reaction of 122b (766 mg, 2.50 mmol) and 3,5-dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (668 mg, 2.50mmol) afforded 122c as a yellow solid (978 mg, 79%). LCMS: [M+H]+492

[0796] Example 122d (2R, JS)-tert-Butyl 4-(6-(5-Bromo-l -methyl-2-oxo-l ,2- dihydropyridin-3-ylamino)pyridin-3-yl)-2,5-dimethylpiperazine-l -carboxylate 122d

[0797] I22d

[0798] Following the procedures as described for compound lOlj, reaction of 122c (978 mg, 1.99 mmol) gave 122d as a yellow solid (700 mg, 90%). LCMS: [M+H]+392

[0799] Example 122e 5-Bromo-3-(5-((2S, 5R)-2,5-dimethyl-4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)- 1 -methylpyridin-2( 1 H)-one 122e

[0801] 122e

[0802] Following the procedures as described for compound 101k, reaction of 122d (700 mg, 1.79 mmol), afforded 122e as a yellow solid (723 mg, 91%). LCMS: [M+H]+448

[0803] Example 122f (4-(5-(5-((2S, 5R)-2,5-Dimethyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-l-methyl-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl Acetate 122f

[0805] 122f

[0806] Following the procedures as described for compound 113j, reaction of 122e (723 mg, 1.62 mmol) and 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4, 6,7,8, 9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid 113i (613 mg, 1.62 mmol) afforded 122f as a yellow solid (464 mg, 41%). LCMS: [M+H]+707Example 122 2-(4-(5-(5-((2S,5R)-2,5-Dimethyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-ώ

[0807] yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 122

[0808] Following the procedures as described for compound 113, hydrolysis of 122f (464 mg, 0.66 mmol) with lithium hydroxide afforded 122 as a white solid (83 mg, 20%). LCMS:

[0809] [M+H]+665. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.69 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 8.51 (d, J=5.0,1H), 8.03 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=5.0, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=9.0, 1H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 4.77-4.72 (m, 2H), 4.68-4.61 (m, 3H), 4.52 (s, 1H), 4.33 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.88 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 1H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.73 (s, 2H), 2.63-2.57 (m, 4H), 2.48 (s, 1H), 1.99-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.80 (s, 2H), 0.91 (t, J=5.5, 6H§

[0810] Example 123 a (2-Bromoethoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane 123a

[0811] TBDMSO^ / \

[0812] Br

[0813] 123a

[0814] To a solution of 2-bromoethanol (5.0 g, 40.3 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added tert- butyldimethylsilyl chloride (9.1 g, 60.5 mmol) followed by the additions of triethylamine (8.14 g, 80.6 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (49.2 mg, 0.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between IN HCl and ethyl acetate. The aqueous portion was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic portion was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford yellow oil, which was purified by column chromatography eluting with PE:EA (50: 1) to afford 123a as colorless oil (6.0 g, 62.4 %). LCMS: (M+H)+241.

[0815] Example 123b 5-Bromo-3-(5-(4-(2-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridine-2-ylamino)- 1 -methylpyridin-2( 1 H)-one

[0816] 123b

[0818] 123bTo a suspension of 123a (231 mg, 0.96 mmol) in MeCN (40 mL) at 70 °C was added 5-bromo-l-methyl-3-(5-(piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one 101 j (350 mg, 0.96 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 days. It was then filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (30: 1) to afford 123b as yellow solid (452 mg, 90 %). MS: [M+H]+524.7.

[0819] Example 123 c 5-Bromo-3-(5-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamin - 1 -methylpyridin-2(l H)-one 123c

[0821] 123c

[0822] To a suspension of 123b (300 mg, 0.57 mmol) at room temperature in MeOH (20 mL) was added L(-)-camphorsulfonic acid (199 mg, 0.86 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL X 2). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford 123c (325 mg, 95%) as a yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+408.7.

[0823] Example 123 d (4-(5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l -oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl acetate 123d

[0825] A sealed tube was charged with 123c (200 mg, 0.49 mmol), 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l- oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid (113i) (188 mg, 0.49 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(40 mg, 0.049 mmol), K3P04(208 mg, 0.98 mmol),NaOAc (133 mg, 0.98 mmol), H20 (3 mL), and MeCN (50 mL). The mixture was heated at 110° for 3 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 30: 1 DCM / MeOH to 123d (187 mg, 57 %). MS: [M+H]+667.7.

[0826] Example 123 2-(4-(5-(5-(4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2- yl amino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3 -yl)-3 -(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-pyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 123

[0827] A mixture of 123d (187 mg, 0.28 mmol) and LiOH (235 mg, 5.6 mmol) in

[0828] iPrOH / THF (1 : 1, 3.5 mL) and H20 (0.5 mL) was stirred at 35 °C for 0.5 h. It was then evaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 123 (40 mg, 31 %) as a yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+625.4. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.63 (d, J= 2.5, 1H), 8.49 (d, J= 5.0, 1H), 7.92 (d, J= 2.5, 1H), 7.82 (d, J= 2.0, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J= 5.5, 1H), 7.27-7.25 (m, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.81 (d, J= 9.5, 1H), 5.04-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.62 (d, J= 10, 1H), 4.50-4.47 (m, 1H), 4.34 -4.29 (m, 1H), 4.12 -4.09 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.67 (m, 5H), 3.15-3.12 (m, 4H), 2.74- 2.54 (m, 10H), 1.92-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.78 (m, 3H)

[0829] 2 7

[0830] Example 124a 4-Chloro-2-{6-oxo-8-thia-4,5-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0 ' ]trideca-

[0831] 1(9),2(7),3- trien-5-yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 124a

[0832] To a suspension of 2-bromo-4-chloronicotinaldehyde 103a (641 mg, 2.9 mmol) and 8-thia-4,5-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02'7]trideca-l(9),2(7),3-trien-6-one 191d (400 mg, 1.94 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was added K2C03(536 mg, 3.88 mmol), Cul (369 mg, 1.94 mmol), and 4,7-dimethoxy-l,10-phenanthroline (471 mg, 1.96 mmol). After bubbling nitrogen through the resulting solution for 30 min, the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. It was allowed to cool to room temperature and added into H20 (100 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on flash column eluting with PE:EA (5: 1) to afford 124a (230 mg, 34%). LCMS: [M+H]+346

[0833] Example 124b 4-[ 1 -Methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-

[0834] 2 7 ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-2-{6-oxo-8-thia-4,5-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0 ' ]trideca- 1(9),2(7),3- trien-5-yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 124b

[0835] A round bottom flask was charged with 124a, l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin- 2(lH)-one 1011 (271 mg, 0.58 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (50 mg, 0.06 mmol), K3P04.3H20 (323mg, 1.16 mmol), THF (15 mL), and H20 (5 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 70 °C for 2 h. It was then filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on flash column chromatography eluting with 1 :3

[0836] petroleum / ethyl acetate to afford 124b as a yellow solid (200 mg, 53%). LCMS: [M+H]+651

[0837] Example 124 3 -Hydroxymethyl-4- [ 1 -methyl-5 -(5 -(4-(oxetan-3 -yl)piperazin- l-yl)pyridine-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-2-{6-oxo-8-thia-4,5- diazatricyclo[7.4.0.02'7]trideca-l(9),2(7),3-trien-5-yl}pyridine 124

[0838] A mixture of 4-[l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-

[0839] 2 7

[0840] oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-2- {6-oxo- 8-thia-4,5-diazatricyclo[7.4.0.0"'']trideca-l(9),2(7),3- trien-5-yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 124b (200 mg, 0.31 mmol), NaBH4(35 mg, 0.92 mmol) and CH3OH (10 mL) was stirred at 25°C for 1 h. The mixture was then extracted with CH2C12(10 mL X 2). The combined CH2C12extract was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified with reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 124 (100 mg, 50%) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H]+653. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.64 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.57 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1 H), 8.46-8.48 (m, 2 H), 7.88 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.48 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.37-7.39 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.85-4.87 (m, 1 H), 4.55-4.57 (m, 2 H), 4.45-4.47 (m, 2 H), 3.67-4.39 (m, 2 H), 3.60 (s, 3 H), 3.42-3.45 (m, 1 H), 3.06-3.08 (m, 4 H), 2.95 (s, 2 H), 2.87 (s, 2 H), 2.38-2.40 (m,4 H), 1.87-1.89 (m, 4 H).

[0841] Exam le 125 a (3-Nitro-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol 125a

[0843] 125a

[0844] A 3-L three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, addition funnel and nitrogen inlet was purged with nitrogen and charged with 3-nitropyrazole-5- carboxylic acid (28.0 g, 178 mmol) and THF (420 mL) and cooled to -5 °C using an ice / acetone bath. Borane-THF complex solution (1.0 M, 535 mL, 535 mmol) was added at a rate that maintained the internal reaction temperature below 5 °C. After the addition was complete the cooling bath was removed and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to -5 °C using an ice / acetone bath, water (70 mL) and 4N hydrochloric acid (70 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred at reflux for 1 h in order to destroy the borane complex with pyrazole. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to a volume of approximately 30 mL. Ethyl acetate (175 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 15 min. The aqueous layer wasseparated and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate, the drying agent was removed by filtration, and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 125a in a 94% yield (24.0 g) as a light yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-6) δ 13.90 (br s, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.58 (t, 1H, J = 5.4 Hz), 4.53(d, 2H, J= 5.1 Hz); MS (ESI+) m / z 144.0 (M+H)

[0845] (l-(2-Bromoethyl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol 125b

[0846] A 1-L three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and thermoregulator was purged with nitrogen and charged with 125a (25.0 g, 175 mmol), DMF (250 mL), and cesium carbonate (70.0 g, 215 mmol) was heated at 104 °C for 5 min. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0 °C using an ice / acetone bath and dibromoethane (329 g, 1.75 mol) was added portionwise (no exotherm). The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 1 then at room temperature for 4 h. After this time a solution of KH2P04 (40 g) in water (400 mL) was added slowly. The reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Ethyl acetate (450 mL) was added and the aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (200 mL), brine (200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and the drying agent was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford an 86% yield (37.5 g) of crude

[0847] 125b as an orange oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 6.85 (s, 1H), 4.82 (d, 2H, J= 5.4 Hz), 4.66 (t, 2H, J= 6.3 Hz), 3.83 (t, 2H, J= 6.3 Hz); MS (ESI+) m / z 249.9 (M+H).

[0848] Exam le 125 c l-(2-Bromoethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrazole 125c

[0849] 125c

[0850] A 500-mL three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, nitrogen inlet and reflux condenser was purged with nitrogen and charged with 125b (37.0 g, 148 mmol) and chloroform (160 mL). The reaction was cooled to -5 °C using an ice / acetone bath and phosphorous tribromide (40.0 g, 148 mmol) was added portionwise. The cooling bath was removed and the reaction stirred at reflux for 2 h. After this time, the reaction wascooled to -5 °C and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (250 mL) was added until a pH of 8.5 was reached. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 150 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (2 x 50 mL), brine (75 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and the drying agent was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a yellow residue that was dissolved with gentle heating in methylene chloride (60 mL). Hexanes (approximately 20 mL) was added and the solution became cloudy. The mixture was heated until a solid precipitate formed, methylene chloride (9 mL) was added and the solution became clear. The solution was left to cool to room temperature and after 4 h the resulting crystals were collected by vacuum filtration. The filter cake was washed with a ice cold 1 :2 mixture of methylene chloride: hexanes (2 x 20 mL) to afford l-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro-lH- pyrazole (19.7 g). The combined filtrates were evaporated and the procedure was performed again to afford an additional 9.70 g of l-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(bromo-methyl)-3-nitro-lH- pyrazole. The solids were combined and dried under high vacuum for 18 h to afford a 57% yield (26.0 g) of 125c as white crystals: mp 95-97 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.63 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz), 4.54 (s, 2H), 3.86 (t, 2H, J= 6.0 Hz).

[0851] Example 125d 2-nitro-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazine 125d

[0853] A sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 125c (4 g, 12.9 mmol) 0.5M ammonia solution in dioxane (200 mL). The resulting mixture was carefully heated to 50 °C overnight. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the residue was added H20 (50 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a 100% yield (2.1 g) of crude 125d.

[0854] Example 125e 1 -(2-nitro-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-5(4H)-yl)ethanone 125e

[0855] 125e

[0856] A 200 mL round bottom flask was charged with 125d (2.1g, 12.9 mmol),

[0857] triethylamine (5.5 mL, 38.7 mmol), acetyl chloride (1.1 mL, 15.5 mmol) and CH2CI2(100 mL). The mixture stirred at room temperature over night. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the residue was added ¾0 (50 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL). The combined aqueous extracts were back extracted with 9: 1 CE^C^MeOH (2 x 50 mL). The combined organics were dried over sodium sulfate. The resulting residue was purified by column

[0858] chromatography eluting with a gradient of CH2C12- 9: 1 CH2C12: MeOH to afford a 84% yield (2.3 g) of 125e.

[0859] Example 125f 1 -(2-amino-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-5(4H)- yl)ethanone 125f

[0861] 125f

[0862] A 500-mL Parr hydrogenation bottle was charged with 125e (2.3 g, 10.9 mmol), 10% palladium on carbon (50%> wet, 570 mg dry weight) and ethanol (100 mL). The bottle was evacuated, charged with hydrogen gas to a pressure of 50 psi and shaken for 2 h on a Parr hydrogenation apparatus. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a pad of CELITE® 521 washing with 1 : 1 CH2Cl2:MeOH (500mL). The resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a 95% yield (1.9 g) of crude 125f.

[0863] Example 125 3-(5-acetyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2- ylamino)-5 -bromo- 1 -methylpyridin-2( 1 H)-one 125gA sealed tube was equipped with a magnetic stirrer and charged with 125f (860 mg, 4.8 mmol), 3,5-dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (1.8 g, 6.7 mmol), and cesium carbonate (3.4 g, 10.5 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (67 mL). After bubbling nitrogen through the solution for 30 min, Xantphos (330 mg, 0.6 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(O) (300 mg, 0.3 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 100 °C for 16 h. After this time, H20 (50 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL) were added. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography eluting with a gradient of CH2C12- 60:35:5 CH2Cl2:Et20:MeOH to afford a 41% yield of 125g (720 mg).

[0864] Experiment 125h 5-Bromo- 1 -methyl-3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5- a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one 125h

[0866] A 50 mL round bottom flask with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 125g (250 mg, 0.7 mmol), aqueous NaOH (5N, 6 mL), ethanol (6 mL). The mixture stirred at reflux for 30 min. After this time, ethyl acetate (5 mL) and water (5 mL) were added. The separated aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 5 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a 91% yield (200 mg) of crude 125h.

[0867] Example 125i 5-Bromo-l-methyl-3-(5-(oxetan-3-yl)-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one 125i

[0869] Compound 125i was synthesized using the same procedure as 101k, where 5-bromo- l-methyl-3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one (125h) (250 mg, 0.78 mmol), and oxetan-3-one (600 mg, 8.3 mmol) in methanol (8 mL) were mixed. Sodium cyanoborohydride (148 mg, 3 mmol) and zinc chloride (165 mg, 1.5 mmol) inmethanol (8 mL) was added, and the reaction was heated at 48 °C for 12 hours. Work-up and flash column chromatography (silica, 60:35:5 methylene chloride / diethyl ether / methanol) afford a 34% yield (100 mg) of 5-bromo-l-methyl-3-(5-(oxetan-3-yl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one (125i) as a light green solid: MS (ESI+) m / z 382.1 (M+H).

[0870] Example 125i (4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-(oxetan-3-yl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l -oxo- 3,4,6,7, -hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl Acetate 125j

[0872] Following the procedures as described for compound 113j, 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l- oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid 113i (200 mg, 0.52 mmol) and 125i (198 mg, 0.52 mmol) were reacted to give 125j as a yellow solid (200 mg, 60%). LCMS: [M+H]+639

[0873] Example 125 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(oxetan-3-yl)-4,5,6,7- tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 125

[0874] Following the procedures as described in Example 123, 125j (200 mg 0.31 mmol) was hydrolyzed by lithium hydroxide to give 125 as a white solid (116 mg, 62%>). LCMS: [M+H]+597. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.48 (d, J=5.0, IH), 7.95 (d, J=2.0, IH), 7.69 (d, J=2.0, IH), 7.43 (s, IH), 7.34 (d, J=5.5, IH), 6.89 (s, IH), 5.73 (s, IH), 5.02 (t, J=6.5, IH), 4.75 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 4.67 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 4.61-4.63 (m, IH), 4.50 (s, IH), 4.31-4.35 (m, IH), 4.10-4.16 (m, 4H), 3.86-3.88 (m, IH), 3.74-3.79 (m, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.56 (d, J=4.5, 2H), 2.82 (t, J=4.5, 2H), 2.50-2.62 (m, 4H), 1.88-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.82 (m, 2H)

[0875] Example 126a 3-Bromo-5-(l-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)isonicotinaldehyde 126a

[0876] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (15 mL), 3,5-dibromoisonicotinaldehyde (604 mg, 2.28 mmol), 6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one (142 mg, 0.76 mmol) and cesium carbonate (485 mg, 1.5 mmol). Cul (143 mg, 0.76 mmol) and 4,7-dimethoxy-l,10- phenanthroline (127 mg, 0.52 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 5 h. After this time, the reaction was cooled to room temperature. It was then filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on flash column eluting with EtOAC / PE (1 :2) to afford 126a (100 mg, 35%) as a yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+372.

[0877] Example 126b 3-(l -Methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-5-(l-oxo-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol- 2(lH)-yl)isonicotinaldehyde 126b

[0879] A sealed tube was charged with 126a (100 mg, 0.27 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4- (oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2- yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011 (125 mg, 0.27 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (18 mg, 0.02 mmol), K3P04(30 mg), and NaOAc (20 mg) in CH3CN (5 mL) and H20 (1 mL). The system was evacuated and refilled with N2. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 2 h, and then cooled to room temperature. It was then filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with 10: 1 of DCM / MeOH to afford 126b (80 mg, 48%) as a yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+633.

[0880] Example 126 2-(4-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- tetrahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 126To a suspension of 126b (76 mg, 0.12 mmol) at 0 °C in methanol (4 mL) was added sodium borohydride (20 mg, 0.7 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was quenched with water (1.0 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 126 (28 mg, 37 %). LCMS: [M+H]+635. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.61 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J=3.0, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.22 (m, 2H), 6.82 -6.78 (m, 2H), 5.18-5.11 (m, 1H), 4.55 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 4.45 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 4.41-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.44-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.06 (t, J=4.5, 4H), 2.75-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.60(m, 2H), 2.38 (t, J=4.5, 4H), 1.86-1.75 (m, 4H).

[0881] Example 127a (4-(l-Methyl-6-oxo-5-(5-(piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)- l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl Acetate 127a

[0883] 127a

[0884] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 5-bromo-l-methyl-3-(5-(piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one lOlj (200 mg, 0.55 mmol), 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid 113i (210 mg, 0.55 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(45 mg, 0.055 mmol), K3P04(284 mg, 1.65 mmol), and

[0885] tetrahydrofuran (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at reflux for 5 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by silica-gel column chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (33: 1) to afford 127a as a brown solid (200 mg, 58.3 %).MS: [M+H]+623.7.

[0886] Example 127 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-6-oxo-5-(5-(piperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 127

[0887] A mixture of 127a (190 mg, 0.31 mmol) and LiOH (571 mg, 13.6 mmol) in

[0888] 'PrOH / THF (1 : 1, 3.5 mL) and H20 (0.5 mL) was stirred at 35 °C for 0.5 h. It was thenevaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (5 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 127 (50 mg, 26.9 %). MS: [M+H]+581.3. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.63 (d, J= 2.0, 1H), 8.49 (d, J= 5.0, 1H), 7.91 (d, J= 3.5, 1H), 7.82 (d, J= 2.0, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.37 (d, J= 5.0,1H), 7.20-7.25 (m,lH), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 9.0,1H), 5.04-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.50 (d, J= 5.0, 1H), 4.34-4.31 (m, 1H), 4.18- 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.06 (m, 8H), 2.62-2.56 (m, 4H), 1.92- 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.78 (m, 3H)

[0889] Example 128a 5-Cyclopropyl-2-nitro-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5- ajpyrazine 128a

[0890] 128a

[0891] A mixture of l-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrazole 113c (4 g, 12.9 mmol) and cyclopropanamine (7.35 g, 129 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was stirred at 30°C overnight. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered and the solid was washed with THF (100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 128a (2.68 g, 99%). MS: [M+H]+209.

[0892] Example 128b 5-Cyclopropyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2- amine 1

[0894] A mixture of 128a (2.68 g, 12.9 mmol), Fe (3.6 g, 64.4 mmol) and NH4C1 (4.1 g, 77.4 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL) and water (5 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 h. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered and the solid was washed with ethanol (150 mL). The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted with methanol / methylene chloride (1 / 7). The combined extracts were dried over Na2S04and evaporated. The residue was purified on reverse phase Combi-flash to give 128b (1.8 g, 75%). MS:

[0895] [M+H]+179.

[0896] Example 128c 5-Bromo-3-(5-cyclopropyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5- a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one 128c

[0897] A mixture of 128b (1.39 g, 7.8 mmol), XantPhos (450 mg, 0.78 mmol), Pd2dba3(476 mg, 0.52 mmol), 3,5-dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (1.72 g, 6.5 mmol) and Cs2C03(6.3 mg. 19.5 mmol) in 1 ,4-dioxane (30 mL) was heated at reflux for 1 h. After the completion of the reaction the mixture was filtered off and the solid was washed with methanol (60 mL). The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified on reverse phase Combi-flash to give 128c (0.84 g, 30%). MS: [M+H]+364.

[0898] Example 128d (4-(5-(5-Cyclopropyl-4,5 ,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-

[0899] 2-ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l -oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro- pyrazin -a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl Acetate 128d

[0901] Following the procedures as described in Example 113j, reaction of 128c (230 mg, 0.6 mmol) and 3-(acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)- yl)pyridin-4-ylboronic acid 113i (218 mg, 0.6 mmol) afforded 128d as a yellow solid (331 mg, 89%). LCMS: [M+H]+623

[0902] Example 128 2-(4-(5-(5-Cyclopropyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2- yl amino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 128

[0903] Following the procedures as described in Example 113, 128d (331 mg, 0.53 mmol) was hydrolyzed with lithium hydroxide afforded 128 as a white solid (54 mg, 20%>). LCMS: [M+H]+581.!Η ΝΜΚ (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.48 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 5.70 (s,lH), 5.03-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.52 (s, 1H), 4.32 (s, 1H), 4.16-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.89-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.80 (s,2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.61-2.57 (m, 4H), 1.90 (d, J=5.5, 3H), 1.79 (s, 2H), 0.56 (d, J=6.0, 2H), 0.53 (s, 2H)

[0904] Example 129a 2-Nitro-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5,l-c][l,4]oxazine 129a

[0905] A 250-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with l-(2-bromoethyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-3-nitro-lH-pyrazole 113c (3.00 g, 9.59 mmol) and 4M aqueous hydrobromic acid (120 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 24 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to approximately 6 mL volume, and the residue was stirred in 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide (40 mL) for 2 h. After this time methylene chloride was added (40 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with methylene chloride (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a 62% yield (1.01 g) of 129a as a white solid: mp 110-112 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 6.68 (s, 1H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 4.28 (t, 2H, J= 5.4 Hz), 4.20 (t, 2H, J= 5.1 Hz); MS (ESI+) m / z 170.0 (M+H).

[0906] Example 129b 6,7-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5,l-c][l,4]oxazin-2-amine 129b

[0907] 129b

[0908] A 500-mL Parr hydrogenation bottle was purged with nitrogen and charged with 129a (1.01 g, 5.92 mmol), 10% palladium on carbon (50%> wet, 125 mg dry weight) and ethanol (50 mL). The bottle was evacuated, charged with hydrogen gas to a pressure of 25 psi and shaken for 2 h on a Parr hydrogenation apparatus. The hydrogen was then evacuated and nitrogen charged to the bottle. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a pad of CELITE® 521 and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography using 400 cc of silica gel and eluting with 3% methanol in methylene chloride. The fractions containing 129b were collected to afford, after concentrating under reduced pressure, a 73% yield (601 mg) of 129b as a yellow solid: mp 74-76°C 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13δ 5.37 (s, 1H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 4.07 (t, 2H, J = 5.1 Hz), 3.98 (t, 2H, J = 5.1 Hz), 3.57 (br s, 2H); MS (ESI+) m / z 140.4 (M+H).Example 129c 5-Bromo-3-(6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5, 1 -c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2- ylamino)- 1 -methylpyridin-2(lH)-one 129c

[0910] A 50-mL three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, reflux condenser and nitrogen inlet was charged with 1 ,4-dioxane (20 mL), 129b (600 mg, 4.31 mmol), 3,5-dibromo-l-methyl pyridine-2(lH)-one (1.44 g, 5.40 mmol) and cesium carbonate (3.08 g, 9.48 mmol). After bubbling nitrogen through the resulting solution for 30 min, Xantphos (300 mg, 0.52 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (320 mg, 0.35 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature, partitioned between ethyl acetate (75 mL) and water (75 mL) and filtered. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 25 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed with brine (50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography using 500 cc of silica gel and eluting with 1% methanol in methylene chloride. The fractions containing 129c were collected to afford, after concentrating under reduced pressure, a 31% yield (433 mg) of 129c as a green solid: mp 195-197 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.92 (d, 1H, J= 2.4 Hz), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.90 (d, 1H, J= 2.4 Hz), 5.65 (s, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.13 (s, 2H), 3.61 (s, 5H); MS (ESI+) m / z 324.9 (M+H).

[0911] Example 129d (4-(5-(6,7-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5 , 1 -c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2-ylamino)- l-methyl-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2- a]indol- -yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl Acetate 129d

[0913] Following the procedures as described in Example 113j, reaction of 3- (acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-ylboronic acid 113i (200 mg, 0.52 mmol) and 129c (170 mg, 0.52 mmol) gave 129d as a yellow solid (185mg, 61%). LCMS: [M+H]+584

[0914] Example 129 2-(4-(5-(6,7-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5 , 1 -c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2-ylamino)- 1 - methyl-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 (2H)-one 129

[0915] Following the procedures as described in Example 113, 129d (180 mg 0.31 mmol) was hydrolyzed with lithium hydroxide to give 129 as a white solid (100 mg, 62%). LCMS: [M+H]+542. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.48 (d, J=5.0, IH), 7.98 (d, J=2.0, IH), 7.71 (d, J=2.0, IH), 7.46 (s, IH), 7.35 (d, J=5.0, IH), 6.89 (s, IH), 5.72 (s, IH), 5.03 (d, J=6.5, IH), 4.79 (s, 2H), 4.61-4.64 (m, IH), 4.50 (s, IH), 4.31-4.35 (m, IH), 4.06-4.16 (m, 6H), 3.86 (s, IH), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.56-2.62 (m, 4H), 1.88-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 2H)

[0916] Example 130a (3S)-tert- utyl 3-methyl-4-(6-nitropyridin-3-yl)piperazine-l- carboxylate 130a

[0917] 130a

[0918] Following the procedures as described for compound lOlg, reaction of 5-bromo-2- nitropyridine (10.5 g, 50 mmol), and (JS)-tert-butyl-3 -methylpiperazine- 1 -carboxylate (10.0 g, 50 mmol) afforded 130a as a yellow solid (8.05 g, 50%). LCMS: [M+H]+323

[0919] Example 130b (3 S)-tert-butyl-4-(6-aminopyridin-3 -yl)-3 -methylpiperazine- 1 - carboxylate 130b

[0920] 130b

[0921] Following the procedures as described for compound lOlh, hydrogenation of 130a (5.8 g) afforded 130bas a brown solid (4.9 g, 96%). LCMS: [M+H]+293

[0922] Example 130c (3 S)-tert-Butyl-4-(6-(5 -bromo- 1 -methyl -2 -oxo- 1,2- dihydropyridin-3 -yl amino) pyridine-3 -yl)-3 -methylpiperazine- 1 -carboxylate 130cN

[0924] Following the procedures as described for compound lOli, reaction of 130b (4.0 g) and 3,5-dibromo-l-methylpyridin-2(lH)-one (5.5 g) afforded 130c as a yellow solid (5.4 g, 83%). LCMS: [M+H]+478

[0925] Example 130d (3 S)-5 -Bromo- 1 -methyl-3 -(5 -(2-methylpiperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-

[0926] 2-ylamino)pyridine-2(lH)-one 130d

[0928] Following the procedures as described for compound lOlj, acidic hydrolysis of the Boc group of 130c (3.1 g) afforded 130d as a yellow solid (2.3 g, 95%). LCMS: [M+H]+380.

[0929] Example 130e (3 S)-5 -Bromo- 1 -methyl-3 -(5 -(2 -methyl-4-(ox etan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl) pyridine -2-ylamino)pyridin-2(lH)-one 130e

[0931] Following the procedures as described for compound 101k, reductive amination of 130d (2.35 g) with oxetan-3-one (0.4 mL) afforded 130e as a yellow solid (2.6 g, 98%). LCMS: [M+H]+434.

[0932] Example 13 Of (3S)-l-methyl-3-(5-(2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-ylamino) -5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 130f

[0933] A 100 mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 130e (1.0 g, 1.0 eq., 2.3 mmol), Pin2B2(1.46 g, 2.50 eq., 5.75 mmol), Pd2(dba)3(105 mg, 0.05 eq., 0.125 mmol), X-Phos (93 mg, 0.1 eq., 0.23 mmol), AcOK (676 mg, 3.0 eq., 6.9 mmol), and dioxane (50 mL). After three cycles of

[0934] vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 90 °C for 4 hrs, then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was washed with 3: 1 PE / EA (80 mL) to afford 130f as yellow solid (1.0 g, 90%). MS: [M+H]+482.

[0935] Example 130g (3S)-4-[ 1 -methyl-5-( {5-[2-methyl 4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l - yl]pyridine-2-yl} amino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-2- {4,4-dimethyl-9-oxo- 1,10- diazatri2'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-10-yl}pyridine-3-carbaldehyde 130g

[0937] A 50 mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with 130f (420 mg, 1.0 eq., 0.44 mmol), 4-chloro-2-{4,4- dimethyl-9-oxo-l,10-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien-10-yl}pyridine-3- carbaldehyde 108a (200 mg, 2 eq., 0.88 mmol):

[0938] PdCl2(dppf) (36 mg, 0.1 eq., 0.044 mmol), K3P04(279 mg, 3 eq., 1.32 mmol), and THF (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at reflux for 5 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was washed with 3: 1 PE / EA (80 mL) to afford 130g (90 mg, 31%) as a yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+663.

[0939] Example 130 (3S)-10-[4-[l-methyl-5-({5-[2-methyl 4-(oxetan-3- yl)piperazin-l-yl]pyridine-2-yl}amino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl]-3- (hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-4,4-dimethyl-l,10-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02'6]dodeca-2(6),7-dien- 9-one 130

[0940] A 50 mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and was charged with 130g (90 mg, 1 eq., 0.11 mmol), LiOH (7.9 mg, 3 eq., 0.33 mmol), i-PrOH (3 mL), THF (3 mL) and H20 (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at 30 °C for 2 h. It was then filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HP LC to afford 130 (40 mg, 44%) as a yellow solid. LCMS: [M+H]+665.4. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.65 (d, J=2.0, IH), 8.48 (d, J=5.0, IH), 7.96 (d, J=2.0, IH), 7.84-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=5.0, IH), 7.31 (dd, J=3.0, 9.0, IH), 6.84 (s, IH), 6.81 (d, J=9.0, IH), 5.08-5.05 (m, IH), 4.71-4.61 (m, 5H), 4.51-4.29 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.85 (m, IH), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.06 - 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.59-2.47 (m, 7H), 2.22-2.17 (m, IH), 1.27 (s, 6H), 0.98 (d, J=6.5, 3H).

[0941] Example 131a (S)-(4-(5-(5-(2-ethyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- ylamino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l -oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl acetate 131a

[0943] A sealed tube equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with S)-5-bromo-3-(5-(2- ethyl-4-(oxetan-3 -yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)- 1 -methylpyridin-2( 1 H)-one 161 e (269 mg, 0.60 mmol):

[0944] 113i (230 mg, 0.60 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(25 mg, 0.03 mmol), NaOAc (98 mg, 1.2 mmol), K3PO4(254 mg, 1.2 mmol), and acetonitrile (4 mL). After three cycles of

[0945] vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at 100°C for 1 h. It was then filtered and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column

[0946] chromatography eluting with dichloromethane / methanol (25: 1, V / V) to afford 131a (150 mg, 40%) as a brown solid. LCMS: [M+H]+707

[0947] Example 131 (S)-2-(4-(5-(5-(2-ethyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin- 1 -yl)pyridin-2- yl amino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 131

[0948] A mixture of 131a (150 mg, 0.21 mmol) and LiOH (50 mg, 2.1 mmol) in 'PrOH / THF (1 : 1, 4 mL) and H20 (1 mL) was stirred at 30°C for 1 h. The mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL X 2). The combined EtOAc extract was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reverse-phase prep- HPLC to afford 131 (26 mg, 25%) as a white solid. LCMS: [M+H]+665. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.64 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 7.83 (d, J=1.5, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=5.0,1H), 6.90 (s,lH), 6.83 (d, J=8.5, 1H), 4.73-4.64 (m, 5H),

[0949] 4.50 (s, 1H), 4.33-4.31 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.53-

[0950] 3.51 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 1H), 3.13 (t, J=5.0, 2H), 2.61-2.56 (m, 4H), 2.45 (d, J=4.0, 2H), 2.37 (s,lH), 1.91-1.79 (m, 7H), 1.39-1.40 (m, 1H), 0.83 (t, J=7.0, 3H).

[0951] Example 132a 6-Chloro-4-(6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5 , 1 -c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2- ylamin -2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one 132a

[0953] A mixture of 6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5,l-c][l,4]oxazin-2-amine 129b (0.8 g, 5.76 mmol), xantophos (360 mg, 0.623 mmol), Pd2dba3(384 mg, 0.42 mmol), 4-bromo-6-chloro-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one (1.28 g, 5.76 mmol) and CS2CO3(5.05 g. 17.3 mmol) in 1,4- dioxane (40 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 h. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was filtered off, and washed with MeOH (60 mL). The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified on reverse phase Combi-flash to give 132a (1.3 g, 81%). MS: [M+H]+282.

[0954] Example 132b (4-(5-(6,7-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5 , 1 -c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2-ylamino)-

[0955] 1 -methyl-6-oxo-l ,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yl)-2-(l -oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2- a]indol- -yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl Acetate 132b

[0957] Following the procedures as described for compound 131a, reaction of 3-

[0958] (acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4- ylboronic acid 113i (200 mg, 0.52 mmol) and 132a (146 mg, 0.52 mmol) afforded 132b as a yellow solid (100 mg, 53%). LCMS: [M+H]+585

[0959] Example 132 2-(4-(5-(6,7-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5 , 1 -c] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-2- yl amino)- 1 -methyl-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridazin-3 -yl)-3 -(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 132

[0960] Following the procedures as described for compound 131, hydrolysis of 132b (100 mg 0.171 mmol) with lithium hydroxide afforded 132 as a white solid (60 mg, 65%>). LCMS: [M+H]+543. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.55 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=5.5, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.97 (s, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.58 (s, 3H), 4.47 (s, 1H), 4.15- 1.14 (m, 2H), 4.1 l(s, 4H), 3.90 (s, 4H), 2.61-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.57 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 1.89-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.80 (m, 2H)

[0961] Example 133a 6-Chloro-2-methyl-4-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5- a]pyraz -2-ylamino)pyridazin-3(2H)-one 133a

[0962] A 250-mL three-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser, magnetic stirrer and nitrogen inlet was charged with 4-bromo-6-chloro-2-methylpyridazin-

[0963] 3(2H)-one (1.90 g, 8.53 mmol):

[0964] 113e (1.18 g, 7.75 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (40 mL). The flask was purged with nitrogen and cooled to 0 °C. A 1 M solution of lithium hexamethyldisilazide in THF (39 mL, 39.0 mmol) was added. After bubbling nitrogen through the resulting suspension for 30 min, Xantphos (381 mg, 0.659 mmol) and tris(dibenzylidene-acetone)dipalladium(0) (355 mg, 0.388 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. After this time, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water (10 mL). The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.6 with 2 N hydrochloric acid. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 40 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica to afford a 76% yield (1.74 g) of 133a as an off-white solid: mp 184-186 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-6) δ 9.62 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 6.00 (s, 1H), 4.04 (t, 2H, J= 5.1 Hz), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.53 (s, 2H), 2.82 (t, 2H, J= 5.1 Hz), 2.37 (s, 3H); MS (ESI+) m / z 295.1 (M+H).

[0965] Example 133b (4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5- a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6, 7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl Acetate 133b

[0967] Following the procedures as described for compound 131a and starting with 3- (acetoxymethyl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-4 ylboronic acid 113i (200 mg, 0.52 mmol) and 132a (153 mg, 0.52 mmol) afforded 132b yellow solid (170 mg, 55%). LCMS: [M+H]+598Example 133 2-(3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7- tetrahydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 133

[0968] Hydrolysis of 133b (160 mg 0.267 mmol) with lithium hydroxide afforded 133 as a white solid (94 mg, 63%). LCMS: [M+H]+556. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.55 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 5.94 (s, 1H), 4.57 (s, 3H), 4.47 (s, 1H), 4.11-4.15 (m, 4H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.87 (s, 1H), 3.61 (d, J=4.0 , 2H), 2.90 (s, 2H), 2.61(d, J=4.0, 2H), 2.57 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.79-.80 (m, 2H)

[0969] Example 134a 10-Bromo-lH,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H,9H-pyrazino[l,2-a]indol-

[0970] 1-one 134a

[0971] Into a 250-mL 3 -necked round-bottom flask was placed a solution of

[0972] lH,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H,9H-pyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l-one 101e(9.5 g, 49.94 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 mL), followed by the addition of N-bromosuccinimide (9.8 g, 55.06 mmol, 1.10 equiv) in several batches at 0°C. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and diluted with 500 mL of water. The precipitate was filtered and dried in a vacuum oven to afford 9.5 g (71 >) of 119a as a light brown solid.

[0973] Example 134b 10-Fluoro- 1 H,2H,3H,4H,6H,7H,8H,9H-pyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol- 1 - one 134b

[0974] Into a 2-L 4-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed a solution of 134a (40 g, 148.62 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL), followed by the addition of n-BuLi (2.4 M) (218 mL, 3.50 equiv) dropwise with stirring at -78 °C. The resulting solution was stirred at -40°C for 3 h. To this was added a solution of N-tluorolxinzenesulfonimide (98.7 g, 313.33 mmol, 2.10 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) dropwise with stirring at -78°C. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, quenched by the addition of 200 mL of water and extracted with 3x500 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product (30 g) was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (mobile phase, A: 0.05%> trifluoroacetic acid / water; B: CH3CN; gradient: 10% B-25% B) to afford 5.05 g (16%) of 134b as a white solid. MS: [M+H]+209 . 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) δ 6.16 (br, 1H), 3.90-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.53- 2.47 (m, 4H), 1.88-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.72 (m, 2H).

[0975] Example 134c 4-Chloro-2-(10-fluoro-l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol-2( 1 H)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 134c

[0976] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and reflux condenser was charged with 1,4-dioxane (60 mL), 134b (500 mg, 2.4 mmol):

[0978] 2-bromo-4-chloronicotinaldehyde 103a(1.60 g, 7.2 mmol), and potassium acetate

[0979] (471 mg, 4.8 mmol). After bubbling nitrogen through the resulting mixture for 30 minutes, Xantphos (140 mg, 0.24 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (220 mg, 0.24 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 80 °C for 10 h. After this time the reaction was cooled to room temperature, partitioned between ethyl acetate (40 mL) and water (40 mL), and filtered. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The drying agent was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on flash column eluting with 3: 1 PE / EA to afford 134c (678 mg, 81%) as yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+348. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.87 (s, 1H), 8.60 (d, J=5.5, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=5.5, 1H), 4.23-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.15 (m, 2H), 2.59 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 2.41 (t, J=6.0, 2H), 1.75-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.70 (m, 2H)

[0980] Example 134d 2-(l 0-Fluoro- 1 -oxo-3 ,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol-

[0981] 2(lH)-yl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6- dihydropyridin-3-yl)nicotinaldehyde 134d

[0983] A mixture of 134c (300 mg, 0.86 mmol), l-methyl-3-(5-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 1011(403 mg, 0.86 mmol), CH3COONa (142 mg, 1.72 mmol), K3P04(460 mg, 1.72 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (71 mg, 0.086 mmol) in CH3CN (25 mL) and H20 (1 mL) was heated at 100°C for 3 hours. After reaction it was evaporated the residue was purified by silical-gel column eluting with methylene chloride / methanol (30: 1) to afford 134d (312 mg, yield 55 %) as a brown solid. MS : (M+H)+653.

[0984] Example 134 10-Fluoro-2-(3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-( 1 -methyl-5 -(5 -(4-(oxetan-

[0985] 3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)- 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 134

[0986] To a solution of 134d (200 mg, 0.30 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added NaBH4(40 mg, 0.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 2 h. After reaction it was evaporated and the residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 134 (108 mg, yield 54 %) as a yellow solid. MS: (M+H)+655. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.61 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=2.5, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=1.5, 1H), 7.37-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=5.0, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=9.0, 1H), 4.99 (s, 1H), 4.56 (t, J=6.5, 2H), 4.40-4.47 (m, 4H), 4.18- 4.22 (m, 2H), 4.05-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.41-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.07 (s, 4H), 2.54-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.42 (m, 6H), 1.78 (s, 2H), 1.69 (s, 2H)

[0987] Example 135a l-Methyl-3-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5- a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 135a

[0989] A 100-mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser was charged with compound 113h (1.0 g, 3 mmol), Pin2B2(3.8 g, 15 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2(137 mg, 0.15mmol), X-phos (143 mg, 0.3mmol), KOAc (88 mg, 9 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (50 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the reaction mixture was heated at 60°C for 15 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was washed with petroleum ether to afford 135a as a yellow solid (0.87 g, 75%). MS: [M+H]+386Example 135b 2-(l 0-Fluoro- 1 -oxo-3 ,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[ 1 ,2-a]indol-

[0990] 2(lH)-yl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6- oxo- 1 ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)nicotinaldehyde 135b

[0992] A suspension of 135a (385 mg, 1 mmol), 4-chloro-2-(10-fluoro-l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 134c (347 mg, 1 mmol), K3PO4(424 mg, 2 mmol), NaOAc (164g, 2mmol) and 1,1 '- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenedichloropalladium(II) (41 mg, 0.05 mmol) in CH3CN (50 ml) was heated at 100 °C under an N2balloon for 4h. Analysis of reaction mixture by LCMS showed completed conversion to the desired product. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with DCM (50 ml) and water (80 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with DCM (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated. The dark residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with DCM / MeOH (from 80 / 1 to 30 / 1) to afford 135b (285 g, 50%) as yellow solid. MS: [M+H]+571

[0993] Example 135 10-Fluoro-2-(3 -(hydroxymethyl)-4-( 1 -methyl-5 -(5 -methyl-

[0994] 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)pyridin^ 2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 135

[0995] To a solution of 135b (280 g, 0.49 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) was added NaBH4(56 g, 1.47 mmol) at room temerature. After the reaction was stirred for 3h, LCMS indicated the reaction was completed. Then the mixture was poured into H20 (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL x 3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na2S04, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HP LC to afford 135 (187 mg, 67%) as a white solid. MS: [M+H]+572. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.47 (d, J=5.5, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=2.0, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=5.5, 1H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 4.96 (t, J=7.0, 1H), 4.62 (s, 1H), 4.45 (s, 1H), 4.33 (s, 1H), 4.07-4.12 (m, 4H), 3.84 (s, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.60 (s, 2H), 2.88 (t, J=5.5, 2H), 2.61 (s, 2H), 2.57 (s, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.77 (s, 2H)Example 136a (5)-2-(10-Fluoro-l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2- a]indol-2(lH)-yl) -4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2- ylamin -6-oxo-l ,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)nicotinaldehyde 136a

[0997] A 50 mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged with (5)-l-methyl-3-(5-(2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l- yl) pyridin-2-ylamino)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-2(lH)-one 130f (225 mg, 1.5 eq., 0.47 mmol), 4-chloro-2-(10-fluoro-l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino [l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)nicotinaldehyde 134c (150 mg, 1 eq., 0.43 mmol):

[0999] PdCl2(dppf) (35 mg, 0.1 eq., 0.043 mmol), K3P04(273 mg, 3 eq., 1.29 mmol), and THF (20 mL). After three cycles of vacuum / argon flush, the mixture was heated at reflux for 5 h. It was then cooled to room temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography with DCM / EtOH (40: 1) to afford 136a as yellow solid (100 mg, 34%). MS: [M+H]+667.3.

[1000] Example 136 (5)-10-Fluoro-2-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(l-methyl-5-(5-(2- methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl) piperazin-l-yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3- yl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-l(2H)-one 136

[1001] A 25 mL single-neck round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was charged with 136a (100 mg, 1.0 eq., 0.15 mmol), NaBH4(17 mg, 3.0 eq., 0.45 mmol), and MeOH (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The residue was purified by reverse-phase prep-HPLC to afford 136 (64 mg, 64%). LCMS: [M+H]+669.3. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.64 (d, J=2.0, IH), 8.48 (d, J=5.0, IH), 7.96 (d, J=2.5, IH), 7.83-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=5.0, IH), 7.30 (dd, J=2.5, 9.0, IH), 6.81 (d, J=8.5, IH), 4.99-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.71-4.61 (m, 5H), 4.45-3.83 (m, 5H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.08- 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.47 (m, 7H), 2.21-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.76 (m, 4H), 0.98 (d, J=6.5, 3H) Example 137a (i?)-(4-(l-Methyl-5-(5-(2-methyl-4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-ylamino)-6-oxo-l,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-2-(l-oxo-3,4,6,7,8,9- hexahydropyrazino[l,2-a]indol-2(lH)-yl)pyridin-3-yl)methyl Acetate 137a

[1003] A mixture of (R)-5-bromo...

Claims

We Claim:

1. A compound selected from Formula I:###0001###or stereoisomers, tautomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: ###0002###X2 is CR2 or N;X3 is CR3 or N;where one or two of X 1 , X2 , and X 3 are N;R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, F, CI, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N(CH3)2, - OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2OH, and Ci-C3 alkyl;R4 is selected from H, F, CI, CN, -CH2OH, -CH(CH3)OH, -C(CH3)2OH, - CH(CF3)OH, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CH2CHF2, -CF3, -C(0)NH2, -C(0)NHCH3, -C(0)N(CH3)2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N(CH3)2, -NHC(0)CH3, -OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2OH, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 1-hydroxycyclopropyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 3-hydroxy- oxetan-3-yl, oxetan-3-yl, and azetidin-l-yl;R5 is optionally substituted C6-C2o aryl, C3-Ci2 carbocyclyl, C2-C20 heterocyclyl, Ci-C20 heteroaryl, -(C6-C20 aryl)-(C2-C20 heterocyclyl), -(Ci-C20 heteroaryl)-(C2-C20 heterocyclyl), -(Ci-C20 heteroaryl)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl), -(Ci-C20 heteroaryl)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl)-(Ci-C6 alkyl), -(Ci-C20 heteroaryl)-(Ci-C6 alkyl), -(C2- C2o heterocyclyl)-(Ci-C6 alkyl), -(C2-C20 heterocyclyl)-(C3-Ci2 carbocyclyl), -(Ci-C20 heteroaryl)-(C3-Ci2 carbocyclyl), or -(Ci-C20 heteroaryl)-C(=0)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl);R6 is H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2OH, -CHF2, -NH2, or -OH;R7 is selected from the structures: ###0003### where the wavy line indicates the site of attachment; and1 2 1 2Y and are independently selected from CH and N, where Y and Y are not eachN;where alkyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from F, CI, Br, I, -CN, -CH3, -CH2CH3, - CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH(CH3)2, -CH2OH, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OH, -C(CH3)2OH, - CH(OH)CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)2CH2OH, -CH2CH2S02CH3, -CH2OP(0)(OH)2, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2, -CH(CH3)CN, -C(CH3)2CN, -CH2CN, -C02H, -COCH3, - C02CH3, -C02C(CH3)3, -COCH(OH)CH3, -CONH2, -CONHCH3, -CON(CH3)2, - C(CH3)2CONH2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -N(CH3)2, -NHCOCH3, -N(CH3)COCH3, -NHS(0)2CH3, -N(CH3)C(CH3)2CONH2, -N(CH3)CH2CH2S(0)2CH3, -N02, =0, -OH, -OCH3, - OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH2OH, -OCH2CH2N(CH3)2, -OP(0)(OH)2, - S(0)2N(CH3)2, -SCH3, -S(0)2CH3, -S(0)3H, cyclopropyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, 1- methylazetidin-3-yl)oxy, N-methyl-N-oxetan-3-yl amino, azetidin-l-ylmethyl, andmorpholino.

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein X1 is N.

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is N.

4. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is N.1 3 1 2 25. The compound of claim 1 wherein X and X are N, X1 and X are N, or X and X3 are N.

6. The compound of claim 1 wherein R5 is optionally substituted Ci-C20 heteroaryl selected from pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, 5-methyl-4, 5,6,7- tetrahydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2-yl, 5-acetyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[ 1 ,5-a]pyrazin-2- yl, 6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[5,l-c][l,4]oxazin-2-yl, and l-methyl-5-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-l- yl)pyridin-2-yl.

7. The compound of claim 1 wherein R5 is -(Ci-C20 heteroaryl)-(C2-C2o heterocyclyl) where heteroaryl is optionally substituted pyridinyl and heterocyclyl is optionally substituted piperazinyl.

8. The compound of claim 1 wherein R5 is phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from F, CI, -CH , -S(0)2CH , cyclopropyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, and morpholino.

9. The compound of claim 1 wherein R5 is selected from the structures:###0004###504 ###0005######0006###where the wavy line indicates the site of attachment.

10. The compound of claim 1 wherein R5 is:###0007###where R8 is selected from H, -CH3, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH3, -CH(CH3)2, - CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2OCH3, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CF3, -CH2CHF2, -CH(CH3)CN, -C(CH3)2CN, -CH2CN, -C(0)CH3, -C(0)CH2CH3, -C(0)CH(CH3)2, -NH2, -NHCH , - N(CH3)2, -OH, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -OCH2CH2OH, cyclopropyl, and oxetanyl.

11. The compound of claim 1 wherein R6 is CH3.1 212. The compound of claim 1 wherein Y is CH and Y is N.1 213. The compound of claim 1 wherein Y is N and Y is CH.

14. The compound of claim 1 wherein Y 1 and Y 2 are each CH.

15. The compound of claim 1 wherein Y1 and Y2 are each CH, and R6 is CH3.

16. The compound of claim 1 selected from Table 1.

17. The compound of claim 1 selected from Table 218. A pharmaceutical composition comprised of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 17 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, glidant, diluent, or excipient.

19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18, further comprising a therapeutic agent.

20. A process for making a pharmaceutical composition which comprises combining a compound of any one of claims 1 to 17 with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

21. A method of treating a disease or disorder which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 18 to a patient with a disease or disorder selected from immune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism / endocrine function disorders and neurological disorders, and mediated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the disease or disorder is an immune disorder.

23. The method of claim 22 wherein the immune disorder is rheumatoid arthritis.

24. The method of claim 21 wherein the disease or disorder is systemic and local inflammation, arthritis, inflammation related to immune suppression, organ transplant rejection, allergies, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, dermatitis, asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's Syndrome, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma / systemic sclerosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) vasculitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), psoriasis.

25. The method of claim 21 wherein the disease or disorder is cancer selected from breast, ovary, cervix, prostate, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus, larynx,glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, stomach, skin, keratoacanthoma, lung, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), small cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, bone, colon, adenoma, pancreas, adenocarcinoma, thyroid, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, seminoma, melanoma, sarcoma, bladder carcinoma, liver carcinoma and biliary passages, kidney carcinoma, pancreatic, myeloid disorders, lymphoma, hairy cells, buccal cavity, naso-pharyngeal, pharynx, lip, tongue, mouth, small intestine, colon-rectum, large intestine, rectum, brain and central nervous system, Hodgkin's, leukemia, bronchus, thyroid, liver and intrahepatic bile duct, hepatocellular, gastric, glioma / glioblastoma, endometrial, melanoma, kidney and renal pelvis, urinary bladder, uterine corpus, uterine cervix, multiple myeloma, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), myeloid leukemia, oral cavity and pharynx, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, melanoma, and villous colon adenoma.

26. The method of claim 21 further comprising administering an additional therapeutic agent selected from an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulatory agent, chemotherapeutic agent, an apoptosis-enhancer, a neurotropic factor, an agent for treating cardiovascular disease, an agent for treating liver disease, an anti-viral agent, an agent for treating blood disorders, an agent for treating diabetes, and an agent for treatingimmunodeficiency disorders.

27. A kit for treating a condition mediated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase, comprising:a) a pharmaceutical composition of claim 18; andb) instructions for use.

28. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 18 for use as a medicament in treating a disease or disorder selected from immune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism / endocrine function disorders and neurological disorders, and mediated by Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

29. Use of a pharmaceutical composition of claim 18 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of immune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, inflammation, metabolism / endocrine function disorders and neurological disorders; and wherein the medicament mediates the Bruton's tyrosine kinase.