An irrigation system for automated plant watering based on soil moisture conditions

Abstract

The present invention is related to an irrigation system for automated plant watering based on soil moisture conditions. The present invention discloses an irrigation system that provides automated, real-time water management for agricultural applications. The system comprises a soil moisture sensor, microcontroller, relay-operated water pump, and a Real-Time Clock (RTC) module for timestamped event logging. When soil dryness is detected, the microcontroller activates the pump to deliver water at a controlled flow rate, and automatically deactivates it upon achieving adequate moisture levels. Each irrigation event is recorded with precise time, duration, and water usage, which is calculated based on pump flow rate and runtime. The data is transmitted to a Python-based analytics dashboard that visualizes real-time soil conditions, water usage patterns, and long-term irrigation history. Unlike conventional systems, the invention enables accurate water conservation, predictive irrigation insights, and remote scalability through IoT modules, thereby reducing manual effort, preventing over- or under-watering, and enhancing crop productivity through sustainable and intelligent water management.