Methods and apparatus on lp-wus sequence selection based on energy storage status

Abstract

NOT VISIBLE DUE TO STATUS OF PATENT

Description

METHODS AND APPARATUS ON LP-WUS SEQUENCE SELECTION BASED ON ENERGY STORAGE STATUSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 552,338 filed February 12, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] Low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring has the potential to reduce power consumption of wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) and other small battery powered devices. This may be achieved by using a separate ultra-low power consumption receiver which can monitor wake-up signals (WUSs) and trigger a main radio (MR) dedicated for data and control signal transmission / reception.SUMMARY

[0003] A method for dynamic receiver selection may be used by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). The method may comprise activating a first type of receiver. The first type of receiver may be an on off keying (OOK) based receiver. The first type of receiver may be associated with a first receiver selection threshold. The method may comprise measuring one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs). The method may comprise determining a first type of quality value based on the one or more LP-SSs measurement. The method may comprise determining that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value. The method may comprise activating a second type of receiver, based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value. The second type of receiver may be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based receiver. The method may comprise monitoring a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) in a LP-WUS resource using the second type of receiver based on a second detection threshold value. The method may comprise decoding the LP- WUS. The method may comprise receiving configuration information that comprises at least one of: the first receiver selection threshold value, a first detection threshold value, a second receiver selection threshold value, the second detection threshold value, a LP-WUS resource, information regarding at least one LP-SS, information regarding at least one New Radio (NR-SS), the first type of paging resources, and a second type of paging resources. The method may comprise activating a main receiver in response to decoding the LP-WUS. The method may comprise receiving a paging physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) message, based on a first type of paging resources. Thefirst type of paging resources may be aperiodic resources or dedicated periodic resources that are dedicated for an ODFM type receiver. The first type of quality value may be a low power reference signal received power (LP-RSRP). The method may comprise receiving a paging early indication (PEI) based on the first type of paging resources. The method may comprise deactivating the first type of receiver based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value. The second detection threshold value may be a time and frequency correlation threshold value for the OFDM based receiver. The method may comprise sending an acknowledgment (ACK) in response to decoding the LP-WUS. The paging PDCCH message may be received after a period of time from sending the ACK based on the first type of paging resources being aperiodic resources.

[0004] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may comprise a first type of low power receiver a second type of low power receiver and a processor. The processor may be configured to activate the first type of low power receiver. The first type of low power receiver may be an on off keying (OOK) based receiver. The first type of low power receiver may be associated with a first receiver selection threshold value. The processor and the first type of low power receiver may be configured to measure one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs). The processor may be configured to determine a first type of quality value based on the one or more LP-SSs measurement. The processor may be configured to determine that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value. The processor may be configured to activate a second type of low power receiver, based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value. The second type of low power receiver may be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based receiver. The processor and the second type of low power receiver may be configured to monitor a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) in a LP-WUS resource using the second type of low power receiver based on a second detection threshold value. The processor and the second type of low power receiver may be configured to decode the LP-WUS. The WTRU may comprise a main receiver. The main receiver may be configured to receive configuration information that comprises at least one of: the first receiver selection threshold value, a first detection threshold value, a second receiver selection threshold value, the second detection threshold value, a LP-WUS resource, information regarding at least one LP-SS, information regarding at least one New Radio (NR-SS), the first type of paging resources, and a second type of paging resources. The processor may be configured to activate the main receiver in response to decoding the LP-WUS. The main receiver and the processor may be configured to receive a paging physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) message based on a first type of paging resources. The first type of paging resources maybe aperiodic resources or dedicated periodic resources that are dedicated for an ODFM type receiver. The first type of quality value may be a low power reference signal received power (LP-RSRP). The main receiver may be configured to receive a paging early indication (PEI) based on a first type of paging resources. The processor may be configured to deactivate the first type of low power receiver based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value. The second detection threshold value may be a time and frequency correlation threshold value for the OFDM based receiver. The WTRU may comprise a transmitter. The transmitter may be configured to send an acknowledgment (ACK) in response to decoding the LP-WUS. The paging PDCCH message may be received after a period of time from sending the ACK based on the first type of paging resources being aperiodic resources.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals in the figures indicate like elements, and wherein:

[0006] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0007] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;

[0008] FIG. 1 C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment;

[0009] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;

[0010] FIG. 2 shows an example simplified receiver architecture of a WTRU utilizing a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUS);

[0011] FIG. 3 shows an example on off keying (OOK) signal structure where OOK-1 : Single-bit in 1 OFDM symbol, SCs of LP-WUS are: OOK=1 indicates all SCs are modulated and OOK=0 indicates all SCs are zero power (from base -band point of view);

[0012] FIG. 4 shows an example OOK signal structure where OOK-4: Transform M-bit OOK in time domain. N SCs of OOK-1 are generated by a transformation (DFT / Least square);

[0013] FIG. 5 shows an example of connected mode DRX;

[0014] FIG. 6 shows an example of a connected mode wake-up signal (WUS);

[0015] FIG. 7 shows an example of an idle mode wake-up signal (WUS);

[0016] FIG. 8a shows an example of WTRU power consumption an Idle / lnactive state without a paging early indication (PEI);

[0017] FIG. 8b shows an example of WTRU power consumption using a PEI to indicate that the WTRU is not paged;

[0018] FIG. 8c shows an example of WTRU power consumption including PEI and tracking reference signal (TRS) availability;

[0019] FIG. 9 shows an example low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) structure with repetitions per information;

[0020] FIG. 10 shows an example LP-WUS structure with repetition per signal;

[0021] FIG. 11 shows an example of a LP-WUS structure;

[0022] FIG. 12 shows an example method for dynamic receiver selection for a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS); and

[0023] FIG. 13 shows an example procedure for dynamic receiver selection for a low power wakeup signal (LP-WUS).DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, basestations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a station (ST A), may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0026] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a next generation NodeB, such as a gNode B (gNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 1 14b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0027] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and the like. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology andmay utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0028] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0029] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 1 16 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High- Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0030] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE- Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0031] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0032] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[0033] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1 X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856),Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0034] The base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 1 10. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.

[0035] The RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 and / or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104, which may be utilizing a NR radio technology, the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0036] The CN 106 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 1 10, and / or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit- switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other serviceproviders. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.

[0037] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0038] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1 B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any subcombination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0039] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 1 18 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1 B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0040] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0041] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0042] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11 , for example.

[0043] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0044] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0045] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or morenearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0046] The processor 1 18 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e- compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor and the like.

[0047] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate selfinterference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a halfduplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the DL (e.g., for reception)).

[0048] FIG. 1 C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0049] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU

[0050] Each ofthe eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0051] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0052] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0053] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0054] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0055] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional landline communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0056] Although the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1 A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0057] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0058] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad-hoc” mode of communication.

[0059] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0060] High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0061] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0062] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n, and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine-Type Communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0063] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11ah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the available frequency bands remains idle.

[0064] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0065] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0066] The RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0067] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing a varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0068] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b,102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0069] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, DC, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0070] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0071] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of non- access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and the like. The AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE- A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0072] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement andQoS, providing DL data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0073] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0074] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0075] In view of FIGs. 1A-1 D, and the corresponding description of FIGs. 1A-1 D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a- b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0076] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0077] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0078] FIG. 2 shows a simplified receiver architecture of a WTRU utilizing a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR), which comprises a wake-up radio receiver and a main radio (MR) receiver. The wake-up radio receiver receives a LP-WUR signal (e.g., a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS)). The main radio receiver receive a main radio signal.

[0079] There are performance benefits of using on off keying (OOK) receivers and OFDM receivers for a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS). While OOK receivers consume less power than OFDM, OOK receivers provide low coverage due to low sensitivity. While OFDM receivers provide better coverage than OOK receivers due to high sensitivity, OFDM receivers require high power consumption. In addition, OFDM based LP-WUS may be better for implementation and interference between existing NR channels and signals.

[0080] The following work scope was agreed for LP-WUS in RAN#102:The objectives of the work item are the following:• To specify an LP-WUS design commonly applicable to both IDLE / INACTIVE and CONNECTED modes (RAN1 , RAN4)• Specify OOK (OOK-1 and / or OOK-4) based LP-WUS with overlaid OFDM sequence(s) over OOK symbol• The LP-WUS design shall ensure that for IDLE / INACTIVE operation, the same information is delivered irrespective of LP-WUR type. The OFDM sequence can carry information.• At least duty-cycled monitoring of LP-WUS is supported• For IDLE / INACTIVE modes• Specify procedure and configuration of LP-WUS indicating paging monitoring triggered by LP-WUS, including at least configuration, sub-grouping and entry / exit condition for LP-WUS monitoring (RAN2, RAN1 , RAN3, RAN4)• Specify LP-SS with periodicity with Yms for LP-WUR, for synchronization and / or RRM for serving cell. (RAN1 , RAN4)• LP-SS is based on OOK-1 and / or OOK-4 waveform with or without overlaid OFDM sequences. Further down selection between with and without overlaid OFDM sequences is to be done within Wl.• Note: For LP-WUR that can receive existing PSS / SSS, existing PSS / SSS can be used for synchronization and RRM instead of LP-SS.• Y will be decided within Wl. 320ms is the start point.• Specify further RRM relaxation of UE MR for both serving and neighbor cell measurements, and UE serving cell RRM measurement offloaded from MR to LP- WUR, including the necessary conditions (RAN4, RAN2)• For CONNECTED mode, specify procedures to allow UE MR PDCCH monitoring triggered by LP-WUS including activation and deactivation procedure of LP-WUS monitoring (RAN2, RAN1)• Check in RAN#105 for potential TU adjustment in RAN2• Note: In CONNECTED mode, UE MR ultra-deep sleep is not considered, and UE RRM / RLM / BFD / CSI measurements are performed by MR• Note: The target coverage of LP-WUS and LP-SS shall be the coverage of PUSCH for messages.• Note: The optimization of LP-WUS signal design for idle / inactive mode is prioritized over the optimization for connected mode.• Specify the necessary RAN4 core requirement(s) to support the feature (RAN4).• This objective is to be further refined in RAN#103

[0081] The LP-WUS with overlaid OFDM sequence(s) over OOK symbol was agreed to enable both OOK / OFDM receivers potential reuse of existing implementation and low interference between LP-WUS and NR channels and signals.

[0082] For the work item, the following OOK signal structures were considered in addition to OFDM. FIG. 3 shows OOK-1 : Single-bit in 1 OFDM symbol, sub-carriers (SCs) of LP-WUS are: OOK=1 indicates all SCs are modulated and OOK=0 indicates all SCs are zero power (from base -band point of view). FIG. 4 shows OOK-4: Transform M-bit OOK in time domain. N SCs of OOK-1 are generated by a transformation (DFT / Least square). N’ samples are generated from M-bits. Signal modification may or may not be used. Truncation or other additional modification may or may not be used, if not used, N is the same as N’. N’ can be the same as K.

[0083] How does a WTRU support OFDM sequences over OOK sequences is an open problem. How does a WTRU support a selection of LP-WUS receiver if the WTRU is equipped with both OOK / OFDM receivers is an open problem.

[0084] In an embodiment, a WTRU is configured for dynamic receiver selection and paging resource determination for LP-WUS.

[0085] A WTRU may be configured with one or more of the following: a LP-WUS resource, one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs), one or more NR-SSs, a first receiver selection threshold (e.g., receiver selection threshold for an OOK receiver), a second receiver selectionthreshold (e.g. , receiver selection threshold for an OFDM receiver), a first detection threshold (e.g., energy detection threshold for an OOK receiver), a second detection threshold (e.g., for time / frequency correlation for OFDM), a first type of paging resources (e.g., aperiodic paging resources without periodicity) and a second type of paging resources (e.g., periodic paging resources). The WTRU may activates a first type of receiver (e.g., OOK based receiver). The WTRU may measure the one or more LP-SSs and may determine a first type of quality (e.g., low power reference signal received power (LP-RSRP)) based on the measurement of the one or more LP-SSs.

[0086] If the first type of quality is greater than the first receiver selection threshold (e.g., high signal to noise ratio (SNR)), the WTRU may monitor a LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource using the first detection threshold (e.g., energy detection threshold for OOK based receiver). If the WTRU decodes (e.g., successfully receives and / or decodes) the LP-WUS, the WTRU may activate the main radio (MR) and may receive one or more of a paging early indication (PEI), paging physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) (e.g. paging information over a PDCCH) and physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) (e.g. paging information over a PDSCH) in the second type of paging resources (e.g., periodic).

[0087] If the first type of quality is less than the first receiver selection threshold (e.g., low SNR), the WTRU may deactivate the first type of receiver (e.g., OOK based receiver), and may activate a second type of receiver (e.g., OFDM based receiver) and may monitor a LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource using the second detection threshold (e.g., time / frequency correlation threshold for OFDM based receiver). If the WTRU decodes (e.g., successfully receives and / or decodes) the LP-WUS, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following. Optionally, the WTRU may activate the MR and indicate an acknowledgement (ACK) (e.g., in a physical random access channel (PRACH) or configured grant (for inactive state)) in the uplink (UL) resource. The WTRU may receive a PEI and / or paging PDCCH (e.g., after X from the ACK indication based on the first type of paging resources (e.g., aperiodic paging) or based on the WTRU’s paging occasion (PO)). Alternatively, the first type of paging resources are dedicated periodic paging resources dedicated for OFDM receivers.

[0088] If the WTRU does not decode (e.g., does not successfully receive and / or decode) the LP- WUS in the LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may measure the one or more NR-SSs and may determine a second type of quality (e.g., synchronization signal (SS)-RSRP) based on the measurement of the one or more NR-SSs. If the second type of quality is less than the second receiver selection threshold (e.g., low SNR), the WTRU may continue to monitor for a LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource using the second type of receiver (e.g., using the second detection threshold (e.g., time / frequency correlation threshold for OFDM based receiver)). If the second type of quality is greater than the second receiverselection threshold, the WTRU may deactivate the second type of receiver, and may activate the first type of receiver (e.g., OOK based receiver) and may monitor a LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource using the first type of receiver (e.g., using the first detection threshold (e.g., energy detection threshold for OOK based receiver)).

[0089] A WTRU may transmit or receive information over a physical channel or reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term “beam” may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0090] The WTRU may transmit information over a physical channel or a signal using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving a reference signal (RS) (such as channel state information (CS)I-RS) or a synchronization signal (SS) block. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as “target”, and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as “reference” or “source”. In such a case, the WTRU may be said to transmit information over the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such RS or SS block.

[0091] The WTRU may transmit information over a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for transmitting information over a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as “target” and “reference” (or “source”), respectively. In such a case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the first (target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (reference) physical channel or signal.

[0092] A spatial relation may be implicit, configured by radio resource control (RRC), or signaled by, for example, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) or downlink control information (DCI). For example, a WTRU may implicitly transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission and demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) of the PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as a sounding reference signal (SRS) indicated by an SRS resource indicator (SRI) indicated in a DCI or configured by RRC. In another example, a spatial relation may be configured by RRC for an SRI or signaled by a MAC CE for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). Such spatial relation may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.

[0093] The WTRU may receive a first (target) downlink channel transmission or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such association may exist between a physical channel such as a PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. At least when the first and second signals are reference signals, such association may exist when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) deassumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such association may be configured as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state. A WTRU may be indicated or receive an indication of an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by a MAC CE. Such indication may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.

[0094] Discontinuous reception (DRX) may be used for battery savings. During DRX, a WTRU may not monitor a downlink (DL) control channel (e.g., PDCCH). In RRC connected mode, a WTRU may use connected mode DRX (C-DRX). An example of DRX is shown in the FIG. 5. A WTRU may monitor a configured PDCCH during an ON duration period and the WTRU may sleep (e.g., not monitor the PDCCH) during an OFF duration. A PDCCH is used herein as a non-limiting example of a control channel. A DRX cycle may be a cycle (e.g., a repetition or periodic repetition) of ON duration and OFF duration. A WTRU may monitor a PDCCH during an ON duration and a WTRU may skip monitoring a (e.g., any) PDCCH during an OFF duration. A DRX cycle may be a short DRX cycle or a long DRX cycle. A WTRU may use a short DRX cycle for a period of time and then use a long DRX cycle. A DRX inactivity timer may determine or may be used to determine a time (e.g., in terms of slot duration) after a PDCCH occasion in which a PDCCH (e.g., a successfully decoded) indicates an (e.g., an initial) UL or DL user data transmission. The DRX inactivity timer may be used to determine when to go to an OFF duration. A DRX ON duration may be the duration at the beginning of a DRX cycle. An ON duration timer may determine or may be used to determine a number of (e.g., a consecutive number of) PDCCH occasion(s) that may be or may need to be monitored or decoded (e.g., by a WTRU), for example after wakeup from the DRX cycle or at the beginning of a DRX cycle. A PDCCH occasion may be a time period that may comprise a PDCCH such as a symbol, a set of symbols, a slot, or a subframe. A DRX retransmission timer may determine or may be used to determine a number (e.g., a consecutive number) of PDCCH occasion(s) to monitor when retransmission may be expected by the WTRU. A DRX retransmission timer may determine or may be used to determine a maximum duration until a DL retransmission may be received or a maximum duration until a grant for UL retransmission may be received. A DRX short cycle may be the first DRX cycle that the WTRU enters after expiration of DRX inactivity timer. The WTRU may be in the short DRX cycle until the expiration of a DRX short cycle timer. When the DRX short cycle timer expires, the WTRU may use a long DRX cycle. A DRX short cycle timer may determine or may be used to determines the number of consecutive subframe(s) that the WTRU may follow the short DRX cycle after the DRX inactivity timer has expired.

[0095] A WTRU may or may need to monitor a PDCCH or PDCCH occasions during an Active Time. An Active Time may occur during an ON duration. An Active Time may occur during an OFF duration. An Active Time may begin during and ON duration and continue during an OFF duration. An Active Time and Active time of a DRX cycle may be used interchangeably herein.

[0096] An Active Time may include the time while at least one (e.g., any one) of the following is true: a DRX timer is running such as an ON Duration Timer, an Inactivity Timer, a Retransmission Timer (e.g., in the DL and / or the UL), or Random Access Contention Resolution Timer; a Scheduling Request is sent (e.g., on PUCCH) and is pending; a PDCCH indicating a new transmission addressed to the cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) of a MAC entity of the WTRU has not been received after successful reception of a Random Access Response for the Random Access Preamble not selected by the MAC entity among the contention-based Random Access Preamble.

[0097] A DRX timer may be a timer associated with DRX. One or more of the following timers may be associated with DRX: DRX on duration timer (e.g., drx-onDurationTimer)‘, DRX inactivity timer (e.g., drx-lnactivityTimer)‘, DRX DL retransmission timer (e.g., dn -RetransmissionTimerDL)’, DRX UL retransmission timer (e.g., drx-RetransmissionTimerUL)’, DRX hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) round trip timer (RTT) timer for UL (e.g., drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerUL)’, DRX HARQ RTT timer for DL (e.g., drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL).

[0098] A DRX inactivity timer may be the duration after the PDCCH occasion in which a PDCCH indicates an initial UL or DL user data transmission for the MAC entity. A DRX DL retransmission timer (e.g., per DL HARQ process) may be the maximum duration until a DL retransmission is received. A DRX UL retransmission timer (e.g., per UL HARQ process) may be the maximum duration until a grant for UL retransmission is received. DRX HARQ RTT timer for UL (e.g., per UL HARQ process) may be the minimum duration before an UL HARQ retransmission grant is expected by the WTRU or MAC entity. DRX HARQ RTT timer for DL (e.g., per DL HARQ process) may be the minimum duration before a DL assignment for HARQ retransmission is expected by the WTRU or MAC entity.

[0099] A WTRU may use Discontinuous Reception (DRX) in an RRCJDLE and RRCJNACTIVE state in order to reduce power consumption. The WTRU may monitor a (e.g. one) paging occasion (PO) per DRX cycle. A PO is a set of PDCCH monitoring occasions and may comprise multiple time slots (e.g. subframe or OFDM symbol) where a paging DCI may be sent. One Paging Frame (PF) is one Radio Frame and may comprise one or multiple PO(s) or starting point of a PO.

[0100] In multi-beam operations, the WTRU may assume that the same paging message and the same Short Message are repeated in all transmitted beams and thus the selection of the beam(s) forthe reception of the paging message and Short Message is up to WTRU implementation. The paging message may be the same for both radio access network (RAN) initiated paging and core network (CN) initiated paging.

[0101] The WTRU may initiate a RRC Connection Resume procedure upon receiving RAN initiated paging. If the WTRU receives a CN initiated paging in an RRCJNACTIVE state, the WTRU may move to RRCJDLE and may inform NAS.

[0102] When SearchSpaceld other than 0 is configured for pagingSearchSpace, the WTRU may monitor the (i_s + 1)thPO. A PO is a set of 'S*X1consecutive PDCCH monitoring occasions where 'S' is the number of actual transmitted SSBs determined according to ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 and X is the nrofPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionPerSSB-InPO if configured or is equal to 1 otherwise. The [x*S+K]thPDCCH monitoring occasion for paging in the PO corresponds to the Kthtransmitted SSB, where x=0,1 ,...,X-1 , K=1 ,2,...,S. The PDCCH monitoring occasions for paging which do not overlap with UL symbols (determined according to tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon) are sequentially numbered from zero starting from the first PDCCH monitoring occasion for paging in the PF. When firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO is present, the starting PDCCH monitoring occasion number of (i_s + 1 )thPO is the (i_s + 1 )thvalue of the firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO parameter; otherwise, it is equal to i_s * S*X. If X > 1 , when the WTRU detects a PDCCH transmission addressed to a P- RNTI within its PO, the WTRU is not required to monitor the subsequent PDCCH monitoring occasions for this PO.

[0103] The following parameters are used for the calculation of a PF and i_s above: T : DRX cycle of the WTRU (T is determined by the shortest of the WTRU specific DRX value(s), if configured by RRC and / or upper layers, and a default DRX value broadcast in system information; In an RRCJDLE state, if the WTRU specific DRX is not configured by upper layers, the default value is applied); N: number of total paging frames in T ; Ns: number of paging occasions for a PF; PF_offset: offset used for PF determination; WTRUJD: 5G Short-Term Mobile Subscriber Identity (5G-S-TMSI) mod 1024.

[0104] Parameters Ns, nAndPagingFrameOffset, nrofPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionPerSSB-InPO, and the length of default DRX Cycle are signaled, for example, in SIB1. The values of N and PF_offset are derived from the parameter nAndPagingFrameOffset. The parameter first-PDCCH- MonitoringOccasionOfPO is signaled, for example, in SIB1 for paging in initial DL BWP. For paging in a DL BWP other than the initial DL BWP, the parameter first-PDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO is signaled in the corresponding BWP configuration.

[0105] If the WTRU has no 5G-S-TMSI, for instance when the WTRU has not yet registered with the network, the WTRU shall use as default identity WTRUJD = 0 in the PF and i_s formulas above.

[0106] A WTRU may monitor for or listen to the paging message to know about one or more of incoming calls, system information (SI) change, Earthquake and Tsunami Warning Service (ETWS) notification for ETWS capable WTRUs, Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) and notification and Extended Access Barring parameters modification.

[0107] In an RRC Idle state, the WTRU may monitor Short Messages transmitted with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) over DCI and may monitor a paging channel for CN paging using a 5G-S-TMSI. In an RRC Inactive state, the WTRU may monitor Short Messages transmitted with a P-RNTI over DCI and may monitor a Paging channel for CN paging using 5G-S-TMSI and RAN paging using a full l-RNTI. In an RRC Connected state, a WTRU may monitor Short Messages transmitted with a P-RNTI over DCI.

[0108] A wake-up signal (WUS) and / or a go-to-sleep signal (GOS) (WUS / GOS) may be used, for example, with a DRX operation. A WUS / GOS may be associated with one or more DRX cycles. A WUS / GOS may be transmitted and / or received (transmitted / received) prior to an associated time or part of a (e.g. , an associated) DRX cycle.

[0109] FIG. 6 shows an example of a connected mode wake-up signal (WUS). AWTRU may be configured to monitor a DCI Format 2_6 in a common search space, before an ON duration. If the WTRU is provided with 1-bit flag ps-WakeupOrNot, the WTRU is indicated by ps-WakeupOrNot whether the WTRU may not start or whether the WTRU shall start the drx-onDurationTimer for the next DRX cycle. If the WTRU is not provided with 1 -bit flag ps-WakeupOrNot, the WTRU may not start Active Time indicated by drx-onDurationTimer for the next DRX cycle. If a WUS is detected in a WUS monitoring occasion (MO), the WTRU may monitor for PDCCH in PDCCH MOs. If no WUS is detected in a WUS MO, the WTRU may not monitor for PDCCH in the PDCCH MOs.

[0110] FIG. 7 shows an example of Idle mode wake-up signal (WUS). A wake-up signal for Idle mode paging was introduced for WTRUs supporting narrow band Internet of Things (NB-loT) or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). Similar to the concept described above for connected mode, the WTRU monitors for a wake-up signal at a time specified by T_gap before the paging occasion. If the WTRU receives an indication that there may be paging addressed to that WTRU in the next paging time window then the WTRU monitors a PDCCH during each paging occasion of that paging time window. The paging time window is defined such that WTRUs with a verylong DRX in the order of minutes (eDRX) and which may suffer from clock drift compared to the network timing may reliably receive paging.

[0111] FIG. 8a shows an example of WTRU power consumption in an Idle / lnactive state without a paging early indication (PEI). FIG. 8b shows an example WTRU power consumption using a PEI to indicate that the WTRU is not paged. FIG. 8c shows an example WTRU power consumption including PEI and tracking reference signal (TRS) availability.

[0112] In 3GPP Release 17, a wake-up signal for Idle mode paging was discussed. A paging early indication (PEI) in DCI format 2-7 transmitted prior to the WTRU paging occasion will indicate whether the WTRU has to monitor a PDCCH and potentially a PDSCH to receive a paging message. PEI also includes a paging indication which indicates WTRU subgroups in one or more paging occasions to be used for paging and tracking reference signal (TRS) availability indication for acquiring time / frequency synchronization for paging.

[0113] In 3GPP Release 16, the WTRU had wake up to measure an SS burst for time / frequency synchronization and monitor paging occasions (POs), however, in Release 17, the WTRU may maintain deep sleep if the WTRU does not receive a PEI. In addition, if the WTRU receives a PEI, the WTRU may wake up, measure a TRS burst and receive POs. Another benefit of PEI is that the WTRU does not need to periodically wake up to maintain time / frequency synchronization for PO reception as a PEI is able to indicate a TRS burst for acquiring time / frequency synchronization.

[0114] Herein, a signal may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: sounding reference signal (SRS); channel state information - reference signal (CSI-RS); demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS);and synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0115] Herein, a channel may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and physical random access channel (PRACH).

[0116] Herein, a signal, channel, and message (e.g., as in DL or UL signal, channel, and message) may be used interchangeably. Hereafter, reference signal (RS) may be interchangeably used with one or more of RS resource, RS resource set, RS port and RS port group. Herein, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, and DM-RS, TRS, PRS, and PTRS. Herein, time instance, slot, symbol, and subframe may be used interchangeably. Herein, the terms SSB, SS / PBCH block, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and MIB may be used interchangeably. Herein, theproposed solutions for beam resources prediction may be used for beam resources belonging to a single or multiple cells as well as single or multiple TRPs. Herein, CSI reporting may be interchangeably used with CSI measurement, beam reporting and beam measurement. Herein, a RS resource set may be interchangeably used with a beam group.

[0117] A WTRU may be configured with one or more of the following. A WTRU may be configured with one or more LP-WUS resources. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more LP-WUS resources for receiving a LP-WUS.

[0118] A WTRU may be configured with one or more LP (Low Power)-SSs (Synchronization Signalsln an embodiment, the WTRU may measure first LP-SSs (e.g ., LP-SS with OOK) only if the WTRU uses a first type receiver (e.g., OOK receiver). In an embodiment, the WTRU may measure second LP-SSs (e.g., LP-SS with OFDM overlaid over OOK) if the WTRU uses the first type receiver (e.g., OOK receiver) and / or the second type receiver (e.g., OFDM receiver).

[0119] A WTRU may be configured with one or more NR-SSs. In an embodiment, the WTRU may measure NR-SSs only if the WTRU uses the second type receiver (e.g., OFDM receiver). If the WTRU uses the first type receiver, the WTRU may measure LP-SSs.

[0120] A WTRU may be configured with one or more UL resources. In an embodiment, the WTRU may transmit UL signals / channels in the configured one or more UL resources.

[0121] A WTRU may be configured with one or more receiver selection timers. The one or more receiver selection timers may be used for selecting a receiver type (e.g., to receive a LP-WUS) within the WTRU. For example, the WTRU using the first type receiver may use the second type receiver if the one or more receiver selection timers expire. The WTRU may apply different timers based on the receiver architecture and configured number of timers. For example, if the WTRU is configured with only one timer, the timer may apply for both the first type receiver and the second type receiver. If the WTRU is configured with two or more timers, a first timer may apply to the first type receiver and a second timer may apply to the second type receiver.

[0122] A WTRU may be configured with one or more receiver selection thresholds (e.g. threshold values). For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more receiver selection thresholds (e.g., NR-RSRP, LP-RSRP, or time / frequency correlation). The one or more receiver selection thresholds may be used for selecting a receiver type (e.g., to receive a LP-WUS) within the WTRU. For example, the WTRU using the first type receiver may use the second type receiver if a measured quality is higher (or lower) than the one or more receiver selection thresholds. The WTRU may apply different thresholds based on the receiver architecture and configured number of thresholds. Forexample, if the WTRU is configured with only one threshold, the threshold may apply for both the first type receiver and the second type receiver. If the WTRU is configured with two or more thresholds, a first threshold may apply to the first type receiver and a second threshold may apply to the second type receiver. For example, a first receiver selection threshold may be used for the first type receiver (e.g., receiver selection threshold for OOK receiver) and a second receiver selection threshold may be used for the second type receiver (e.g., receiver selection threshold for OFDM receiver).

[0123] A WTRU may be configured with one or more detection thresholds (e.g. threshold values). For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more detection thresholds (e.g., NR-RSRP, LP-RSRP, or time / frequency correlation). The one or more detection thresholds may be used for detecting a LP-WUS in the one or more LP-WUS resources. For example, the WTRU may detect LP- WUS based on the configured one or more detection thresholds if a detected energy / correlation is higher than the one or more detection thresholds. The WTRU may apply different detection thresholds based on the receiver architecture and configured number of thresholds. For example, if the WTRU is configured with only one threshold, the threshold may apply for both the first type receiver and the second type receiver. If the WTRU is configured with two or more thresholds, a first threshold may apply to the first type receiver and a second threshold may apply to the second type receiver. For example, a first detection threshold (e.g., energy detection threshold for OOK receiver)may be used for the first type receiver and a second detection threshold (e.g., for time / frequency correlation for OFDM) may be used for the second type receiver.

[0124] A WTRU may be configured with one or more paging / PEI related resources. Each paging / PE I resource may include paging resources. The paging resources may be one or more of the following: paging occasion related configurations (e.g. search space (e.g., pagingSearchSpace), offset (e.g., FirstPDCCH-MonitoringOcassionOfPEI-O), first monitoring occasion of each PO (e.g., firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionfPO)). Each paging resource may include PEI related configurations. A PEI related configuration may include, for example, PEI configuration in a BWP (e.g., pei- ConfigBWP), search space (e.g., pei-SearchSpace), frame offsets (e.g., pei-FrameOffset), number of symbols (e.g., from the star of the frame to the start of the first PDCCH monitoring occasion (e.g., for DCI forma 2_7)), number of subgroups per paging occasion, and number of paging occasions associated with the number of PDCCH monitoring occasions.

[0125] The one or more paging / PEI related resources may be used for WTRU operation after activating a main receiver (MR). For example, the WTRU may receive PEI / paging related signals (e.g., after activating the MR) based on the configured one or more detection thresholds (e.g., if detected energy / correlation is higher than the one or more detection thresholds). In an embodiment,each paging / PEI related resource may apply to different receiver types. For example, a first paging / PEI related resource may apply to a first type receiver and a second paging / PEI related resource may apply to a second type receiver. In an embodiment, each paging / PEI related resource may apply based on a decoding instance. For example, a first paging / PEI related resource may apply if the WTRU decodes a LP-WUS after a decoding threshold and / or a timer expiration and a second paging / PEI related resource may apply if the WTRU decodes a LP-WUS before the decoding threshold and / or the timer expiration. In an embodiment, how to apply the one or more resources may be based on a configured number of paging / PEI related resources. For example, if the WTRU is configured with only one paging / PEI related resource, the paging / PEI related resource may apply for both the first type receiver and the second type receiver. If the WTRU is configured with two or more paging / PEI related resources, a first paging / PEI related resource may apply to the first type receiver and a second paging / PEI related resource may apply to the second type receiver. For example, the first type receiver may use a first type of paging resources (e.g . , aperiodic paging resources without periodicity) and the second type receiver may use a second type of paging resources (e.g., periodic paging resources).

[0126] In an embodiment, a WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on one or more conditions. In an example, the mode of operation may be regarding dynamic receiver selection and paging resource determination for LP-WUS. In an example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to use, select, and / or apply a first mode of operation if a first condition is satisfied. The WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to use, select, and / or apply a second mode of operation if a second condition is satisfied. In an example, the WTRU may receive one or more configuration information, indications, or threshold values (e.g. via SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, DCI).

[0127] In an example, the WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a reported receiver type, reported WTRU capabilities, determined receiver type, and / or decoded timing of a LP-WUS.

[0128] A WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a reported receiver type. For example, the WTRU may send, transmit, and / or report one or more indications including one or more LP-WUS receiver types that the WTRU may support. In an example, the WTRU may report the list of supported LP-WUS receiver types as part of WTRU capability reporting. In an example, the WTRU may be equipped with at least a first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OOK receiver) and a second LP- WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver). In another example, the WTRU may be equipped with more than one LP-WUS receiver type, that is, for example, the WTRU may be equipped with both a first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OOK receiver) and second LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver).

[0129] A WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on the reported and / or supported LP- WUS receiver types. For example, the WTRU may determine to use and / or apply a first mode of operation if the WTRU reports and / or supports the first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g. , OOK receiver). The WTRU may determine to use and / or apply a second mode of operation if the WTRU reports and / or supports the second LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver). The WTRU may determine to use and / or apply a third mode of operation if the WTRU reports and / or supports both first and second LP-WUS receiver types. In an example, the third mode of operation may be similar or different from the first and second modes of operation.

[0130] A WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a determined receiver type. In an embodiment, a WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on the LP-WUS receiver type that the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or have determined to use. For example, a WTRU that may be equipped with more than one LP-WUS receiver type, where the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine the LP-WUS receiver type to be used. In an example, the WTRU may be equipped with both a first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OOK receiver) and a second LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver). The WTRU may select and / or determine the LP-WUS receiver to be used. In an example, the WTRU may determine to use and / or apply a first mode of operation if the WTRU selects and / or determines to use the first LP-WUS receiver type. The WTRU may determine to use and / or apply a second mode of operation if the WTRU selects and / or determines to use the second LP-WUS receiver type. The WTRU may use the selected and / or determined LP-WUS receiver for receiving and / or detecting one or more LP-WUS in one or more determined, indicated, and / or configured monitoring occasions. The WTRU may use one or more of the following for selecting and / or determining the LP-WUS receiver type to be used.

[0131] The WTRU may use measurements for selecting and / or determining the LP-WUS receiver type to be used. For example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to measure one or more quality parameters, based on one or more indicated, configured, and / or determined signals and / or channels. For example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information and / or indications, for example via SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI. In an example, the WTRU may measure one or more quality parameters based on, for example, received and / or detected LP-SS, NR-SS, and / or LP-WUS. For example, if the measured value based on the measured quality parameter is higher than a first threshold, the WTRU may determine and / or select to use and / or apply the second LP- WUS receiver (e.g., OFDM receiver). In an example, if the measured value based on the measured quality parameter is lower than a second threshold, the WTRU may determine and / or select to use and / or apply the first LP-WUS receiver (e.g., OOK receiver). In an example, the first and secondthreshold values may be configured to be the same or different values. In an example, the WTRU may determine, be configured, and / or indicated with one or more quality parameters for a measurement. The WTRU may select the quality parameters to measure based on the selected receiver type. In an example, if the WTRU selects to use, activate, and / or apply a first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g . , OOK receiver), the WTRU may determine to measure a first quality parameter (e.g., LP-RSRP). If the WTRU selects to use, activate, and / or apply a second LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver), the WTRU may determine to measure a second quality parameter (e.g., NR-RSRP).

[0132] The WTRU may use timer-based information for selecting and / or determining the LP-WUS receiver type to be used. For example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to select the LP-WUS receiver type based on one or more timers. In an example, the WTRU may determine to use a first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OOK receiver) if the WTRU receives and / or detects a signal before a first configured, indicated, and / or determined timer expires. In an example, the WTRU may determine to use a second LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver) if the timer expires and the WTRU does not receive and / or detect a signal. In an example, the signal may be one or more of LP-WUS, LP-SS, and / or NR-SS. For example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to initiate or initialize a timer with regards to LP-WUS detection and / or reception. In an example, the WTRU may initiate or initialize the timer starting from a reference time. For example, the WTRU may initiate or initialize the timer based on a triggered, indicated, detected, and / or determined event. In an example, the WTRU may initiate or initialize the timer based on DRX configurations, where the timer may start from the beginning of a configured active mode. In an example, the WTRU may be configured with the time reference, for example based on a (pre)configured and / or indicated symbols, slots, subframes, etc., and / or the WTRU may be configured and / or indicated based on time units (e.g. msec, micro-sec, etc.). In an example, the WTRU may receive the configurations and / or indications for timers via, for example, SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI.

[0133] The WTRU may use time and frequency resources for selecting and / or determining the LP- WUS receiver type to be used. For example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to select the LP-WUS receiver type based on the time and frequency resources where one or more signals are received and / or detected. In an example, the WTRU may receive the configurations and / or indications regarding one or more sets of time and frequency resources via, for example, SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI. In an example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine a first, a second, and so forth sets of time and frequency resources. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more sets of time resources, where the time resources may be based on one or more symbols, slots, or subframes, and / or the time resources may be based onconfigured number of time durations and / or time units (e.g., in msec, microsec, etc.). For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more sets of frequency resources, where the frequency resources may be based on one or more RBs, BWPs, REs, or subbands. In an example, the WTRU may receive a signal, where the signal may be, for example, one or more of the LP-WUS, LP-SS, or NR-SS. In an example, the WTRU may determine to use a first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OOK receiver) if the WTRU receives the signal in a first set of time and frequency resources. The WTRU may determine to use a second LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver) if the WTRU receives the signal in a second set of time and frequency resources.

[0134] The WTRU may use an RRC state of the WTRU for selecting and / or determining the LP- WUS receiver type to be used. For example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to select the LP-WUS receiver type based on the WTRU’s RRC state. In an example, the WTRU may receive the configurations and / or indications via, for example, SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI. In an example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to select, apply, and / or use a first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OOK receiver, OFDM receiver, etc.) if the WTRU is in a first RRC state (e.g., IDLE and / or INACTIVE state). In an example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to select, apply, and / or use a second LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver, OOK receiver, etc.) if the WTRU is in a second RRC state (e.g., CONNECTED state).

[0135] The WTRU may use a DRX cycle state for selecting and / or determining the LP-WUS receiver type to be used. For example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to select the LP-WUS receiver type based on one or more indicated, configured, and / or determined DRX cycles. In an example, the WTRU may receive the configurations and / or indications via, for example, SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI. In an example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to select, apply, and / or use a first LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OOK receiver, OFDM receiver, etc.) if the WTRU is configured and / or indicated to use a first type of DRX cycle (e.g., long DRX). In an example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to select, apply, and / or use a second LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OFDM receiver, OOK receiver, etc.) if the WTRU is configured and / or indicated to use a second type of DRX cycle (e.g., short DRX).

[0136] A WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on decoded timing of a LP-WUS. In an embodiment, a WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on the time duration it may take to decode a received and / or detected LP-WUS. In an example, the WTRU may receive one or more configurations and / or indications regarding the time duration thresholds, for example via SIB, RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI. In an example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to use a first mode of operation if the WTRU decodes the received signal before a configured, detected, and / ordetermined time duration threshold. In an example, the WTRU may be configured, indicated, and / or determine to use a second mode of operation if the WTRU decodes the received signal after the configured, detected, and / or determined time duration threshold. For example, the signal may be one or more of the LP-WUS, LP-SS, or NR-SS.

[0137] In an embodiment, a WTRU may support different WTRU behaviors based on a determined mode of operation. For example, the WTRU may apply one or more of the following based on the determined mode of operation.

[0138] A WTRU may apply different LP-WUS resources based on a determined mode of operation. In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a LP-WUS in a different LP-WUS resource based on a determined mode of operation. For example, a WTRU with the first mode may receive a LP-WUS in a first LP-WUS resource. A WTRU with the second mode may receive a LP-WUS in a second LP- WUS resource.

[0139] A WTRU may apply support of a WTRU indication (e.g., after activation of a MR) based on a determined mode of operation. In an embodiment, a WTRU with a second mode may indicate the second mode of operation (e.g., to a gNB). For example, the WTRU may transmit an UL signal (e.g., PRACH, PUCCH (e.g., in INACTIVE mode)) to indicate one or more of the second mode of operation explicitly, early decoding of LP-WUS, determined WTRU type (e.g., OOK or OFDM), and ACK of the received LP-WUS. In an embodiment, UL resources and / or a WTRU signal may be different based on a RRC state. For example, if the WTRU is in IDLE mode, the WTRU may use a PRACH in PRACH resources for the WTRU indication. If the WTRU is in INACTIVE mode, the WTRU may use a PUCCH and / or PUSCH in PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources, respectively.

[0140] A WTRU may apply reception of a gNB indication (e.g., whether to use different paging resources) based on a determined mode of operation. In an embodiment, a WTRU with a second mode may receive an indication (e.g., in a LP-WUS from a gNB). The indication may be whether to use different paging resources (e.g., aperiodic paging resources or different paging types and / or resources). For example, the WTRU with a first mode may skip decoding the indication (e.g., from the gNB). The WTRU with the second mode may decode the indication and apply the indicated WTRU behavior (e.g., after activation of MR).

[0141] A WTRU may apply different paging types and / or resources based on a determined mode of operation. In an embodiment, a WTRU may support different paging types and / or different paging resources based on a determined mode of operation. For example, a WTRU with a first mode may support a first paging type (e.g., periodic paging) and / or resources (semi-statically configured pagingresources). A WTRU with a second mode may support a second paging type (e.g., aperiodic paging and / or periodic paging with dedicated resources) and / or resources (dedicated paging resources). Aperiodic paging may be, for example a search space after Y (e.g., ms / us / ns / symbols / slots) from one or more of the beginning of the LP-WUS, decoding of the LP-WUS and WTRU indication. In an embodiment, the WTRU may use a paging search space after Y (e.g., ms / us / ns / symbols / slots) from one or more of the start of LP-WUS, the end of LP-WUS, decoding instance of LP-WUS and the WTRU indication (e.g., to the gNB). In an embodiment, Y may be different based on a determined receiver type. For example, Y may be Y1 for a first receiver type (e.g., OFDM with time domain correlation) and Y2 for a second receiver type (e.g., OFDM with frequency domain correlation).

[0142] The second paging type (e.g., with dedicated periodic paging resources) may be activated after transmitting a WTRU indication. In an embodiment, a WTRU may use dedicated paging types and / or resources (e.g., deactivated for a normal paging procedure). The use of the dedicated paging types and / or resources may be based on the one or more of the following: the determined mode; a gNB indication, and / or WTRU indication. For the gNB indication, a WTRU with a second mode may support the first paging type (e.g., periodic paging) and / or resources (semi-statically configured paging resources) if the gNB indicates a normal paging mode (or not using dedicated paging resources / types). The WTRU with the second mode may support the second paging type (e.g., aperiodic paging and / or periodic paging with dedicated resources) and / or resources (dedicated paging resources) if the gNB indicates to use the dedicated paging type and / or resources. For the WTRU indication, the WTRU with the second mode may support the first paging type (e.g., periodic paging) and / or resources (semi-statically configured paging resources) if the WTRU does not indicate a normal paging mode (or not using dedicated paging resources / types) and / or an UL resource (e.g., for WTRU indication) is not available until POs of the first paging type / resources. The WTRU with the second mode may support the second paging type (e.g., aperiodic paging and / or periodic paging with dedicated resources) and / or resources (dedicated paging resources) if the WTRU indicates the WTRU indication in the UL resource.

[0143] A WTRU may apply different signals to be received (e.g., after activation of an MR) based on a determined mode of operation. In an embodiment, a WTRU may use different WTRU operations (e.g., after activation of an MR) based on the determined mode of operation. For example, the WTRU with the first mode may receive a PEI (Paging Early Indicator) based on a received LP-WUS (e.g., to receive the second group of information (e.g., PO / subgroup indication and / or TRS availability)). Based on the received PEI, the WTRU with the first mode may receive a paging DCI and corresponding PDSCH (e.g., PCCH) (e.g., with the first paging type / resources). In an embodiment, a WTRU with thesecond mode may receive a paging DCI and corresponding PDSCH (e.g., PCCH) (e.g., without receiving a PEI) for example, based on one or more of the second group of information (e.g., received PO / subgroup indication and / or TRS availability), the WTRU indication, the gNB indication, the timing of successful decoding, and the determined receiver type.

[0144] In an embodiment, WTRU operations are explained with limited numbers of LP-WUS resources (e.g. three resources) and LP-WUS information groups (e.g., two information groups). Without loss of generality, the WTRU operations may be extended to more than three LP-WUS resources and more than two LP-WUS information groups.

[0145] In an embodiment, a WTRU may support one or more LP-WUS signal structures.

[0146] A WTRU may support a first LP-WUS structure (e.g. with repetition per information). FIG. 9 shows an example LP-WUS structure with repetitions per information. In an embodiment, a WTRU may receive a repeated signal for each information / information group. For example, the WTRU may receive a second group of information after receiving all the repetitions of a first group of information. In this case, if the WTRU decodes the first information in advance to the end of repetitions of the first information, the WTRU may need to wait until the beginning of repetitions of the second information to receive the second information (e.g., not supporting early termination of decoding LP-WUS).

[0147] A WTRU may support a second LP-WUS structure (e.g., repetition per signal). FIG. 10 shows an example LP-WUS structure with repetition per signal. In an embodiment, a WTRU may receive a repeated signal for all information / information group. For example, the WTRU may receive second information after receiving a part of a first group of information. In this case, if the WTRU decodes the first information in advance to the end of repetitions of the first information, the WTRU may decode the second information before the end of repetition of the first information.

[0148] In an embodiment, a WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on the one or more of the following.

[0149] A WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on an explicit indication (e.g., an indication from a gNB). For example, a WTRU may be indicated or receive a mode of operation (e.g., whether to use early termination or not). The indication may be based on one or more of, for example, RRC, MAC CE and / or DCI.

[0150] A WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on an implicit indication. For example, the WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on one or more of the following configurations. The WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on an LP-WUS structure. For example, the WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on the activated / configured LP-WUS structure. Forexample, if the WTRU is using a first LP-WUS structure (e.g. repetition per information), the WTRU may determine a first mode of operation (e.g., no early termination). If the WTRU is using a second LP-WUS structure (e.g., repetition per signal), the WTRU may determine a second mode of operation (e.g., support early termination). The WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a LP-WUS resource type (e.g., OOK or OFDM). The WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a LP- WUS monitoring type (e.g., duty-cycled or continuous). The WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a LP-WUS receiver type (e.g., OOK or OFDM). The WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on a paging / PEI related configuration. The WTRU may determine a mode of operation based on the activated / configured paging related configuration. For example, if the WTRU is configured with POs / DRX cycle with periodicity less than a threshold, the WTRU may determine a first mode of operation (e.g., no early termination). If the WTRU is configured with POs / DRX cycle with a periodicity greater than the threshold, the WTRU may determine a second mode of operation (e.g., support early termination).

[0151] A WTRU may be configured with one or more of: one or more LP-WUS resources, reliability related configurations, and associated paging / PEI related resources.

[0152] The WTRU may be configured with one or more LP-WUS resources. Each LP-WUS resource may include one or more of the following. Each LP-WUS resource may include a signal structure. In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration of a LP-WUS structure, for example, whether to use a first LP-WUS structure or a second LP-WUS structure. In an example, the WTRU may receive one or more of support of energy harvesting sequence, preamble, and preamble length (if configured). Each LP-WUS resource may include a waveform. In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration of a waveform. For example, the WTRU may receive one of OOK-1 , OOK- 4, or OFDMA as a waveform of LP-WUS. Each LP-WUS resource may include a monitoring type. In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration of monitoring type. For example, the WTRU may receive one of continuous monitoring and duty-cycled monitoring. Each LP-WUS resource may include frequency resources. In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration of frequency resources. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration based on one or more of RBs, subbands, and BWPs to indicate frequency resources for receiving a LP-WUS. Each LP-WUS resource may include time resources. In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration of time resources. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration based on one or more of periodicity and offsets. The indication of configuration may be based on OFDM symbols, microseconds, and / or slots.

[0153] In an example, the one or more LP-WUS resources may be configured for all information / information groups. In an example, each LP-WUS resource may be configured for each information / information group. For example, a first LP-WUS resource may be configured for a first information group (e.g., wake up indication, WTRU ID, or cell ID) and a second LP-WUS resource may be configured for a second information group (e.g., PEI and paging related information (e.g., paging / subgroup indication and TRS availability indication)).

[0154] In an embodiment, application of the one or more LP-WUS resources may be based on a number of LP-WUS resources. For example, if the WTRU is configured with one LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may apply the one or more LP-WUS resources to all the information / information groups. If the WTRU is configured with two or more LP-WUS resources, the WTRU may apply each LP-WUS resource to each information / information group.

[0155] In an embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with one or more reliability related configurations. Each reliability related configuration may include one or more of application of channel coding (e.g., whether to apply Manchester coding or not), application of repetition (e.g., whether to apply repetition or not), number of repetitions, and application of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) (e.g., whether to apply CRC or not). Application of reliability related configurations may be based on a number of reliability related configurations. For example, if the WTRU is configured with one reliability related configuration, the WTRU may apply the configuration to all the configured LP-WUS resources and / or information groups. If the WTRU is configured with two or more reliability related configurations, the WTRU may apply each configuration to each LP-WUS resource / resource group and / or information / information group.

[0156] The WTRU may be configured with associated paging / PEI related resources. In an embodiment, each paging / PEI related resource may apply based on a decoding instance. For example, a first paging / PEI related resource may apply if the WTRU decodes a LP-WUS after a decoding threshold and / or a timer expiration and a second paging / PEI related resource may apply if the WTRU decodes a LP-WUS before the decoding threshold and / or the timer expiration.

[0157] In an embodiment, each paging / PEI related resource may apply based on decoded LP- WUS information groups. For example, a first paging / PEI related resource may apply if the WTRU decodes only a first LP-WUS group and a second paging / PEI related resource may apply if the WTRU decodes both the first LP-WUS group and the second LP-WUS group.

[0158] In an embodiment, how to apply the one or more resources may be based on a configured number of paging / PEI related resources. For example, if the WTRU is configured with only onepaging / PEI related resource, the paging / PEI related resource may apply regardless of receiver types. If the WTRU is configured with two or more paging / PEI related resources, then a first paging / PEI related resource may apply to the first type receiver and a second paging / PEI related resource may apply to the second type receiver. For example, the first type receiver may use a first type of paging resources (e.g . , aperiodic paging resources without periodicity) and the second type receiver may use a second type of paging resources (e.g., periodic paging resources).

[0159] A WTRU may be configured with a first group of information (e.g., wake up indication, WTRU ID, cell ID) and / or a second group of information (e.g., information via PEI (e.g., sub-group indication, TRS availability)). In an embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with a first group of information for LP-WUS. The first group of information may be associated with a first LP-WUS resource and a third LP-WUS resource. The first LP-WUS resource may be associated with a first reliability related configuration (e.g., with one or more of high coding rate, low repetition, no Mancheter coding, no CRC). The third LP-WUS resource may be associated with a third reliability configuration (e.g., with one or more of low coding rate, high repetition, application of Manchester coding, application of CRC). In an embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with a second group of information for LP-WUS. The second group of information may be associated with a second LP-WUS resource. The second LP-WUS resource may be associated with the first reliability configuration and / or a second reliability configuration (e.g., with one or more of high coding rate, low repetition, no Mancheter coding, no CRC).

[0160] FIG. 11 shows an example of a LP-WUS structure that comprises a first LP-WUS resource, a second LP-WUS resource and a third LP-WUS resource. The first LP-WUS resource may be a high coding rate and may include key information with a low number of repetitions for both OFDM and OOK receivers. The second LP-WUS may be a high coding rate and may include additional information with a low number of repetitions for OFDM receivers. The third LP-WUS resource may be a low coding rate and may include a high number of repetitions of the key information in the first LP-WUS resource for OOK receivers with low coverage.

[0161] In an embodiment, a WTRU may monitor one or more of a first LP-WUS resource, a second LP-WUS resource and a third LP-WUS resource. Based on the monitoring, the WTRU may decode a first group of LP-WUS information (e.g., wake up indication, WTRU ID, cell ID) in the first LP-WUS resource. If the WTRU decodes the first group of LP-WUS information (e.g., wake up indication, WTRU ID, cell ID) successfully, the WTRU may monitor and / or decode a second group of LP-WUS information based on the second LP-WUS resource. If the WTRU decodes the second group of LP- WUS information (e.g., information via PEI (e.g., sub-group indication, TRS availability)) successfully,the WTRU may activate a MR (e.g . , and deactivate the LP-WUR). Based on the activation, the WTRU may receive a paging PDCCH and PDSCH (e.g., without receiving PEI) based on the received second group of LP-WUS information. If the WTRU fails to decode the second group of LP-WUS information (e.g., information via PEI (e.g., sub-group indication, TRS availability)), the WTRU may activates the MR (e.g., and deactivate the LP-WUR) and receive a PEI to receive the second group of LP-WUS information. Based on the received second group of LP-WUS information via PEI, the WTRU may receive a paging PDCCH and PDSCH based on the received second group of LP-WUS information. If the WTRU fails to decode the first group of LP-WUS information successfully (e.g., wake up indication, WTRU ID, cell ID) in the first LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may skip decoding the second group information. The WTRU may decode the first group of LP-WUS information based on the first LP-WUS resource (e.g., high coding rate) and the third LP-WUS resource (e.g., low coding rate) (e.g., by combining signals from the first LP-WUS resource and the third LP-WUS resource). If the WTRU decodes the first group of LP-WUS information successfully, the WTRU may activate the MR (e.g., and deactivate the LP-WUR) and may receive a PEI (e.g., to receive the second group of LP-WUS information). Based on the received second group of LP-WUS information via PEI, the WTRU may receive a paging PDCCH and PDSCH based on the received second group of LP-WUS information.

[0162] A WTRU may perform dynamic receiver selection and paging resource determination for a LP-WUS.

[0163] FIG. 12 shows an example of a WTRU performing dynamic receiver selection and paging resource determination for a LP-WUS. A WTRU may be configured with or receive configuration information 1205. The configuration information may comprise one or more of the following: a LP- WUS resource, one or more LP-SSs, one or more NR-SSs, a first receiver selection threshold value (e.g., receiver selection threshold for OOK receiver), a second receiver selection threshold value (e.g., receiver selection threshold for OFDM receiver), a first detection threshold value (e.g., energy detection threshold for OOK receiver), a second detection threshold value (e.g., for time / frequency correlation for OFDM), a first type of paging resources (e.g., aperiodic paging resources without periodicity) and a second type of paging resources (e.g., periodic paging resources).

[0164] The WTRU may activate a first type of receiver (e.g., OOK based receiver) 1210. The WTRU may measure the one or more LP-SSs 1215. The WTRU may determine a first type of quality (e.g., LP-RSRP) based on the measurement of the one or more LP-SSs 1220. The WTRU may determine whether the first type of quality is greater than a threshold (e.g. first receiver threshold value) 1225. If the first type of quality is greater than the first receiver selection threshold value (e.g., high SNR), the WTRU may monitor the LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource using the first detection threshold value(e.g., energy detection threshold for OOK based receiver) 1230. If the WTRU decodes (e.g., successfully receives and / or decodes) the LP-WUS 1235, the WTRU may activate the MR 1240 and receive one or more of a PEI, a paging PDCCH (e.g. receiving paging information over a PDCCH) and PDSCH (e.g. receiving paging information over a PDSCH) in the second type of paging resources (e.g., periodic) 1245. If the first type of quality not greater than the first receiver selection threshold (e.g., low SNR), the WTRU may deactivate the first type of receiver (e.g., OOK based receiver) 1250, and may activate a second type of receiver (e.g., OFDM based receiver) 1255 and may monitor a LP- WUS in the LP-WUS resource using the second detection threshold value (e.g., time / frequency correlation threshold for OFDM based receiver) 1260. If the WTRU decodes (e.g., successfully receives and / or decodes) the LP-WUS 1265, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following. Optionally, the WTRU may activate the MR and indicate an ACK (e.g., PRACH or configured grant (for inactive state)) in the UL resource. The WTRU may receive a PEI and / or paging PDCCH (e.g., after X from the ACK indication based on the first type of paging resources (e.g., aperiodic paging) or based on the WTRU’s PO). Alternatively, the first type of paging resources are dedicated periodic paging resources dedicated for OFDM receivers.

[0165] If the WTRU does not decode (e.g., does not successfully receive and / or decode) the LP- WUS in the LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may measure the one or more NR-SSs and determine a second type of quality (e.g., SS-RSRP) based on the measurement of the one or more NR-SSs. If the second type of quality is less than the second receiver selection threshold value (e.g., low SNR), the WTRU may continue monitoring for a LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource using the second type of receiver (e.g., using the second detection threshold value (e.g., time / frequency correlation threshold for OFDM based receiver)). If the second type of quality is greater than the second receiver selection threshold value, the WTRU may deactivate the second type of receiver, activate the first type of receiver (e.g., OOK based receiver) and monitor a LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resource using the first type of receiver (e.g., using the first detection threshold value (e.g., energy detection threshold for OOK based receiver)).

[0166] A WTRU may be configured to perform paging type selection based on a LP-WUS detection.

[0167] In an example, a WTRU may be configured with one or more of the following: a first LP- WUS resource (e.g., for OFDM), a second LP-WUS resource (e.g., for OOK), a number of repetitions for LP-WUS, a paging resource determination timer (e.g., from the beginning of the LP-WUS resource), a receiver selection timer, an UL resource, a first type of paging resources (e.g., aperiodic paging resources without periodicity), and a second type of paging resources (e.g., periodic paging resources).

[0168] The WTRU may activate a first type of receiver (e.g., OFDM based receiver) and start or initialize a receiver selection timer. The WTRU may monitor the LP-WUS in the first LP-WUS resource. If the WTRU receives the LP-WUS within the time of the receiver selection timer (i.e. before the receiver selection timer expire), the WTRU may do one or more of the following.

[0169] If the WTRU decodes the LP-WUS before the time threshold (e.g. receiver selection timer expiry), the WTRU may activate the MR and indicate an acknowledgement (ACK) in the UL resource. The WTRU may receive a PEI and / or paging PDCCH after X from the ACK indication (e.g., aperiodic paging) based on the first type of paging resources. If the WTRU decodes the LP-WUS after the time threshold, the WTRU may activate the MR and receive one or more of a PEI, paging PDCCH and PDSCH in the second type of paging resources.

[0170] If the WTRU does not receive the LP-WUS within the time of the receiver selection timer, the WTRU may deactivate the first type of receiver (e.g., OFDM based receiver), activate a second type of receiver (e.g., OOK based receiver) and receive the LP-WUS in the second LP-WUS resource. If the WTRU decodes the LP-WUS, the WTRU may activate the MR and receive one or more of a PEI, paging PDCCH and PDSCH in the second type of paging resources.

[0171] A WTRU may be configured to apply different WTRU behavior based on decoded group of information.

[0172] In an example, a WTRU may be configured with a first LP-WUS resource (e.g., high coding rate) and a third LP-WUS resource (e.g., low coding rate) for a first group of LP-WUS information (e.g., wake up indication, WTRU ID, cell ID) and a second LP-WUS resource (e.g., high coding rate) for a second group of LP-WUS information (e.g., information via PEI (e.g., sub-group indication, TRS availability)). The WTRU may monitor the first group of LP-WUS information (e.g., wake up indication, WTRU ID, cell ID) in the first LP-WUS resource. If the WTRU decodes the first group of LP-WUS information (e.g., wake up indication, WTRU ID, cell ID) successfully, the WTRU may monitor the second group of LP-WUS information based on the second LP-WUS resource. If the WTRU decodes the second group of LP-WUS information (e.g., information via PEI (e.g., sub-group indication, TRS availability)) successfully, the WTRU may activate the MR and receive a paging PDCCH and PDSCH based on the received second group of LP-WUS information. If the WTRU fails to decode the second group of LP-WUS information (e.g., information via PEI (e.g., sub-group indication, TRS availability)), the WTRU may activate the MR and receive a PEI to receive the second group of LP-WUS information. Based on the received second group of LP-WUS information via PEI, the WTRU may receive a paging PDCCH and PDSCH based on the received second group of LP-WUS information. If the WTRU fails to decode the first group of LP-WUS information successfully (e.g., wake upindication, WTRU ID, cell ID) in the first LP-WUS resource, the WTRU may skip monitoring / receiving / decoding of the second group of LP-WUS information and decode the first group of LP-WUS information based on the first LP-WUS resource (e.g. , high coding rate) and the third LP- WUS resource (e.g., low coding rate) (e.g., by combining signals from the first LP-WUS resource and the third LP-WUS resource). If the WTRU decodes the first group of LP-WUS information successfully, the WTRU may activate the MR and receive a PEI to receive the second group of LP-WUS information. Based on the received second group of LP-WUS information via PEI, the WTRU may receive a paging PDCCH and PDSCH based on the received second group of LP-WUS information.

[0173] FIG. 13 shows an example procedure for dynamic receiver selection for a low power wakeup signal (LP-WUS). A WTRU may be configured to activate a first type of receiver 1310. The first type of receiver may be an on off keying (OOK) based receiver. The first type of receiver may be associated with a first receiver selection threshold. The WTRU may be configured to measure one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs) 1320. The WTRU may be configured to determine a first type of quality value based on the one or more LP-SSs measurement 1330. The WTRU may be configured to determine that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value 1340. The WTRU may be configured to activate a second type of receiver 1350, based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value. The second type of receiver may be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based receiver. The WTRU may be configured to monitor a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) in a LP-WUS resource using the second type of receiver 1360 based on a second detection threshold value. The WTRU may be configured to decode the LP-WUS 1370.

[0174] Although features and elements are described above in particular combinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is Claimed:1 . A method for dynamic receiver selection, for use by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: activating a first type of receiver, wherein the first type of receiver is an on off keying (OOK) based receiver, wherein the first type of receiver is associated with a first receiver selection threshold; measuring one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs); determining a first type of quality value based on the one or more LP-SSs measurement; determining that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value; activating a second type of receiver, based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value, wherein the second type of receiver is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based receiver; monitoring a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) in a LP-WUS resource using the second type of receiver based on a second detection threshold value; and decoding the LP-WUS.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving configuration information that comprises at least one of: the first receiver selection threshold value, a first detection threshold value, a second receiver selection threshold value, the second detection threshold value, a LP-WUS resource, information regarding at least one LP-SS, information regarding at least one New Radio (NR-SS), the first type of paging resources, and a second type of paging resources.

3. The method of any of claims 1 to 2, further comprising: activating a main receiver in response to decoding the LP-WUS; and receiving a paging physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) message, based on a first type of paging resources.

4. The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first type of paging resources are aperiodic resources or dedicated periodic resources that are dedicated for an ODFM type receiver.

5. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first type of quality value is a low power reference signal received power (LP-RSRP).

6. The method of any of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: receiving a paging early indication (PEI) based on the first type of paging resources.

7. The method of any of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: deactivating the first type of receiver based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value.

8. The method of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second detection threshold value is a time and frequency correlation threshold value for the OFDM based receiver.

9. The method of any of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: sending an acknowledgment (ACK) in response to decoding the LP-WUS.

10. The method of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the paging PDCCH message is received after a period of time from sending the ACK based on the first type of paging resources being aperiodic resources.

11. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising: a first type of low power receiver; a second type of low power receiver; and a processor, wherein: the processor is configured to activate the first type of low power receiver, wherein the first type of low power receiver is an on off keying (OOK) based receiver, wherein the first type of low power receiver is associated with a first receiver selection threshold value; the processor and the first type of low power receiver are configured to measure one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs); the processor is configured to determine a first type of quality value based on the one or more LP-SSs measurement; the processor is configured to determine that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value;the processor is configured to activate a second type of low power receiver, based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value, wherein the second type of low power receiver is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based receiver; the processor and the second type of low power receiver are configured to monitor a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) in a LP-WUS resource using the second type of low power receiver based on a second detection threshold value; and the processor and the second type of low power receiver are configured to decode the LP-WUS.

12. The WTRU of claim 1 1 , further comprising a main receiver, wherein the main receiver is configured to receive configuration information that comprises at least one of: the first receiver selection threshold value, a first detection threshold value, a second receiver selection threshold value, the second detection threshold value, a LP-WUS resource, information regarding at least one LP-SS, information regarding at least one New Radio (NR-SS), the first type of paging resources, and a second type of paging resources.

13. The WTRU of any of claims 11 to 12, wherein: the processor is configured to activate the main receiver in response to decoding the LP- WUS; and the main receiver and the processor are configured to receive a paging physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) message based on a first type of paging resources.

14. The WTRU of any of claims 1 1 to 13, wherein the first type of paging resources are aperiodic resources or dedicated periodic resources that are dedicated for an ODFM type receiver.

15. The WTRU of any of claims 11 to 14, wherein the first type of quality value is a low power reference signal received power (LP-RSRP).

16. The WTRU of any of claims 11 to 15, wherein the main receiver is configured to receive a paging early indication (PEI) based on a first type of paging resources.

17. The WTRU of any of claims 11 to 16, wherein the processor is configured to deactivate the first type of low power receiver based on the determination that the first type of quality value is less than the first receiver selection threshold value.

18. The WTRU of any of claims 11 to 17, wherein the second detection threshold value is a time and frequency correlation threshold value for the OFDM based receiver.

19. The WTRU of any of claims 11 to 18, further comprising a transmitter, wherein the transmitter is configured to send an acknowledgment (ACK) in response to decoding the LP-WUS.

20. The WTRU of any of claims 11 to 19, wherein the paging PDCCH message is received after a period of time from sending the ACK based on the first type of paging resources being aperiodic resources.